SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LIKHACHEV, V. A. - LIKHACHEV, V. M.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000929910015-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 12, 2001
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

LUMAGIMV, V.A., kapitan meditsinskoy sluzhby
Treatment of infected wounds during the incubation stage of
rndiation sickness; experimental studies. Voen. med. zhur. no.4:
49-50 AP '59. (KIRA 12:8)
(WOUNDS AIM INJURISS. experimental,
ther. of infected wds. in early radiation sickness (Ras))
(RADIATIONS, eff.
same)

LIKUCHEV, V.A.
The RUXB-2 high-speed multichannel recording unit. Biul-tekh.-
skon.inform. no-12.33-35 159. (KRA 13:4)
(Punched card systems)

U360
EV S/044/62/000/012/016/049
A060/AOOO
AUTHOR: Likhachov, V.O.
TITIE: 'Certain solutions of Lam6 equations in cylindrical coordinates
PERIODICAM Referativnyy'zhurnal, Matematika, no. 12, 1962, 58, abstract 12B264
(Zb.-robit aspirantiv Mekhan.-matem. ta fiz. fak. L1vivs1k. un-t,
1961, no. 1, 123 131; Ukrainian)
TEXT: Lam6 equations in cylindrical coordinates in the absence of volume-'
tric forces take the form:
aR,Z 2 (V - 1) - 3R 0
Tc- v - 2 x
8RX ay 2 (v aR ce
_ -0 , x
6 YX V 2
8Z OX 2 (-v - Q_ 1 a 0
97 2 _x ae
a (xRCX) + 3Y aRcZ
+ X - 0
Card 1/4
M

S/044/6Z/000/012/016/049
Certain solutions of Lam6 equati.od.s in .... A060/AOOO
where
(XU()) UZ a (XUG)
XRcX; XRPZ.,.
ax
au au (2)
+ .1 a UE)+ R 8
OX, -if Y; X X U)
1
V is the Poisson number, R. 9 are the volume expansions. The author considers
the boundary conditions
aur aue 0,
1) uz.V are equal to zero for and simultaneously
2) auz differ from.zero'for 0.
url U9,
Further, solutions are constructed'corresponding,to the boundary conditions (3).
From system (1) it follows that the solution may'be expressed,in terms of two
functions Tl (x, 1g, e) and CP2 (x' 19, e)' If one takes e (x, 1g, e)
CP 1 (X1 @ I e) IZ(X1 G)-.Y2(X' 91 6), then
X1 X2
2 1 ) X +
Card 2/4 Y (x, v 2 q_X

Certain solutions of Lamb e"quations in ....
S/044/62/000/012/016/049,
A060/AOOO
XI X2
X (X, e) 2 (v - 1) 1 + (P
V -2 X. i-e x
where
xi 'Pl (x, z, ej dz, x2 y@ (x, z, 6) d z
0 0
From system (2) follows that the soiution may bd expressed in terms of three har-
monic functions CF1 PCP1, Y3, provided one assumes that uz* (x,
.. @m (2 (1) _;. where u(i) (XI t,
z (XI + uz (x# 91 Ob uz T13 (X' C' e)' z
is the general solution of the homogeneous equation and u (2) (x, e) is the
z
particular solution of the equation
A uz (X, e) V 2
Thus, the solution of the system-bf Lamb equations is expressed in terms of three
harmonic functions and the form of the whole solution,depends on the choice of
-Card 3/4

S/044/62/000/012/016/049
Certain solutions of Lam6 equations In .... A060/AOOO
the harmonio functions. For a problem symmetric with respect to an axis, the so-
lution Is expressed in terms of two harmonic functions 1@1 (x, '@;), and
(x, ?,). No solutions of a,system of Lam6 equations other than for the axi-
l
f, symmetric problem are known. The author cites four possible forms of the
functions * Rnd @2 and some Of,their applications.
A.S. Pokht
[Abstracter's note; Complete translation]
Card 4/4

BUNIN, G.G.; LIMCHEV., V.A.
Some characteristics of the distribution of mineralization in
complwc metal veins of southern Daghestane Trudy Geol&inst.Dag.
fil. AV SSSR 2%213-227 160. (MIRA 15:12)
(DELghostan-Ore deposits)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/5514
Likhachev, Vitally Afanaslyevich
Mnogokanal 'noye bystrodeystvuyushcheye registhruyushcheye ustroystvo
RUMB-2 (Multichannel High-Speed Recorder RUMB-2) Moscow, Gosenergo-
izdatj 1961. 61 p. (Series: Biblioteka po avtomatikaj vyp. 23)
11,000 eopies printed.
Editorial Board: 1. V, Antiks S. N. Veshenevskiy, V. S. Kulebakin,
A. D. Smirnovp B. S. Sotskov, and N. N. Shumilovskiy; Ed.: N. A.
Kuznetsov; Tech. Ed,: N. I. Borunov.
PURPOSE: This booklet is intended for engineers and technicians en-
gaged in automation and telemechanics and also for students of
these fields in schools of higher education.
COVERAGE: The booklet gives a brief description of structural and
operational principles and an analysis of the basic units of log-
ging and data-reduction systems for centralized industrial con-
trol. The description is based on the multichannel high-speed
recorder RUMB-2, which, according to the authors is the first
CarA_-17'3

Multichannel High-Speed Recorder RUMB-2 SOV/5514
transistorized recorder developed in the USSR. No personalities
are mentioned. There are 12 references: 6 Soviet and 6 English.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword 3
Ch. I. General Description and Operational Principles of the
Recorder 7
1. General characteristics of the device 7
2. Structure and operational principle of the RUMB-2
recorder 12
3. Elements of the RUMB-2 recorder 16
4. Coding of pulses 19
Ch. II. Description of the Basic Units of the Recorder 25
Commutator 25
Converter of constant voltage into binary-decimal code 31
7. Decoder 51
8. Distributor 54
Card--*/3

LIOACHEV, Vladimir Andreyevich; BOGATOVA, V.S., red.; PANKRATOVA,
- -. -I ; I.t6.Itm.*- red-.-; -
[Use of pyrotechnics in motion pictures] Pirotekhnika v kino.
Izd.2., ispr, i dop. Moskva, Iskusstvo, 1963. 146 p.
(MILIA 16:12)
(Motion pictures--Special effects)

USSR//P11yL;ies Elastic plate
Card 1/1 Pub. 85-16116
Author Likhachev, V. A.
Title Comments on A. I. Kalandiyals article "Bending of an elastic plate in the
4.70rm of an elliptic ring," ibid., Vol. 17, No 6, 1953
Periodical Prikl. mat. i mekh., Vol. 19, 255-256, Mar-Apr 1955
Abstract That author states that, although A. N. Kalandiya's work is an important
and -eeded investigation on the regularness of the infinite systems ob-
tained by him, A contains an incorrect assertion in a footnote. He
concludes that the principal equations can be obtained from one and the
"qme equation by way of different combinations of its terms. Reference:
M. P. Sheremetlyev, "Elastic equilibrium of an elliptic ring," MAI, Vol.
17, 110 1, 1953.
Institution
Submitted November 15, 1954

LIOACHEV, V.Ae; AUJIR=Vv I-V-
. "' Ws6@ges in the shape of tin subjected to a cyclic thermal
treatment. Hauch.tekh.inform.biul.LPI no-12:36-43 158.
(Tin-Thermal Properties) (MIRA 13:2)

LIKEIACHEV, V.A.; PETROVA. T.G.; ABDFMMV, I.V*
Irreversible change in the dimensions of cadmium samples sub-
jected to a periodic thermal treatment. Nauch.tekh.inform.
biul.1PI no.12:44-5 158. (MIRA 13:2)
Cadmium--Thermal prope@ties)

SOV/137-59-12-27231
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 12, p 212 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Likhachev, V.A., Moskvin, A.I.
TITLE: Ch4nges In Ithe Dimensions of Aluminum Specimens Subjected to Cyclic
Temperature'vAction
PERIODICAL: Nauchno-takhn. inform. buyl, I@e ingr, olitekhn, in-t. 1958, Nr 12,
pp 56 - 69
ABSTRACT: The authors investigated basic regularities of irreversible charges in
the dimension and shape of Al (99.7% Al) subjected to a periodic tempe-
rature action. The authors investigated the dependence of these changes
on the number of thermal cycles, the heating and cooling rate, the tem-
perature range, preliminary plastic deformation, grain size, dimensions
and shape of the original specimen. The cyclic temperature action was
brought about by transferring the specimen from one temperature zone into
another one. The time of transfer was two seconds. It was established
that an increased number of cycles caused usually increased deformationl@
of the specimen and that this augmentation was proportional to the number
Card 1/3 of cycles. A higher cooling rate furthered the increase in the coefficient
V/

&)V/137-59-12-27231
Changes in the Dimensions of Aluminum Specimens Subjected to Cyclic Temperature Action
of growth, equal to one cycle; however, higher heating rate raised the proneness to
contraction of the specimen. Raised temperature ranges caused a noticeable increase
in the coefficient of grwoth. For annealed and rolled specimens the temperature
dependence of the coefficient of growth was different; this was particularly notice-
able within the range of temperature drop of 3000C. In preliminary deformation to
50% the coefficient of growth increased 4 times, compared to the initial value (non-
deformed specimen). Annealing of the specimen after preliminary cyclic thermal action
entailed a considerable rise of '.ie coefficient of growth. Different grain size caused
a difference in the coefficient of growth only under conditions of speeded-up heating
and slow cooling-off. Generally, deformation of large-diameter specimens was higher if
the initial diameter changed during a given number of cycles, although such dependence
was rather complicated in a number of cases. During the tests the authors observed
intensive dislocation, migration of grain boundaries and sometimes crack formation. The
conclusion is drawn that irreversible changes in the shape are due to relaxation of
stresses arising during the heating and cooling process. These stresses may develop on
account of the temperature gradient along the cross section of the specimen, whose
Card 2/3

BOV/137-59-12-27231
Changes in the Dimensions of Aluminum Specimens Subjected to Cyclic Temperature Action
surface is at first rapidly heated up (in speeded-up beating) and then tends to expand.
Stresses may cause plastic deformations, and since the periphery is heated up more than
the center, the specimen may turn out to be plastically compressed. In the case of
speeded-up cooling of the heated specimen, the effect of stresses is reversed and the
specimen may deform plastically in the direction of the expansion.
Yu.L.
Card 3/3

LIKHACHEV, V. A. Cand Phys-Math Sci -- (dies) "Study of certain Oases - -
of irreversible themal expansion of metals." JAn, 1959, 16 pp (Min of Higher
and Secondary Specialized Education RSFSR. Len Polytechnic Inst im M. 1.
Kalinin), 150 copies (KL, 52-59, 116)
-8-

24 (2)
AUTHORSi Vasillyev, D. M.,- Likhachev, V. A. SOV/32-25-6-38/53
TITLEt X-Ray Ionization System for the Investigation of Deformations
of the Structure of Polycrystalline Samples (Rentgenovskaya
ionizatsionnays, ustanovka d1ya iusledovaniya iskazheniy
struktury polikristallicheskikh obraztsov)
PERIODICAL* Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Hr 6, PP 747-748 (USSR)
ABSTRLCT: An ionization- ;ystem is described which permits operating in
the broad range of diffraction angles, up to values of
near 900. From the scheme (Fig-1) it may be seen that the
X-ray tube BSV-1 with the anode directed to the top, is
arranged in such a manner that the X-ray beam runs in
horizontal direction. A selective filter absorbs the KP-rays.
The sample is deformed by means of a lever with a weight. It
is possible to heat the sample.during the investigation. The
diffraction maximum is recorded by means of an electron
potentiometer EPPV-51. The radiotechnical part of the system
is connected according to the scheme of the System URS-50 I.
The X-ray diagram of a deformation of a flat sample of
Card 1/2 Armco iron is mentioned as example (Fig 2). The diagram of

X-Ray Ionization System for the Investigation of SOV/32-25-6-38/53
Deformations of the Structure of Polycrystalline Samples
the function between the width of the diffraction line A
end t-.1me - obtained on a sample of electrolyte nickel under
constant voltage (Or - 15 and 20 kg/mm2) - is given as the
second example (Fig 3). There are 3 figures.
Cara 2/2

4-1 u,
N4
kil-
erg 11,11
ip
CV!
pf v Ift

S/056/6 1/'bOO/O 1OP73/100
AOO I/A1O I
AVrHO Likhachev, V.A., Likha&.ava, N.A.
TITTZi On microstructural stresses of ther-nal anisotropy
w E8
PMCDICALS Refqrativny-j zhurnal. Fizlka, no. 10, 1961, 242, abstracit 10 7
("Nauobno-tekhn. inform..byul. L-eningr. politekhn, in-t", 1960, no.
7, 56 - 67)
'"MI. The authors consider thermo-elastic stresses In a polycrystal caused
by anisotropic thermal expansion of each crystallite. Thtrmo-elastic stresses
are calculated for a bier-istal hexagonal axes of whcsa both parts are mutually
perpendicular. The magnitude of stresses Is estimated for the arbitrary orienta-
tion,of hexagonal axes relative to the interface. Numerical estimates of@thermo-
elastic stress values at heating by IOC are presented for a number of metalso.
The authors discuss the possibility of appearar-ae of plaBttc deformation and
craok formation.
N, Pastriv
[M)Btraoter's notet Complete translation]
Card 1Y.1
i

84593
S/181/60/002/010/015/051
B019/BO56
AUTHORSs Davidenkov, N. N., LikhachelL_V. Ap
and Malygin, G. A. '
TITLEs The Irreversible Thermal Change in the Shape of
Cadmium-lead and Cadmium-zinc Alloys
I; @ -A
PERIODICALs Fizika tverdogo tela, 19609
Vol. 2, No. lo, pp. 2450 - 2454
TEM In the introduction the relaxation of the thermal micro-
structural stresses due to the anisotropy coefficient of the thermal
expansion is shown to be the cause of thermal irreversible structural
changes in the case of periodic actions of temperature. Investigations
of these structural changes have hitherto been carried out only oi
technically pure materials. Here, two-phase systems are investigated.
Fig. 1 shows the relative change in length as a function of the
temperature cycles for seven different cadmium-lead alloy*. Fig. 2
shows the grain-growth coefficient as a function of the lead content
Card 1/2

8h593
The Irreversible Thermal Change 3 181/60/002/010/015/051
in the Shape of Cadmium-lead B019/BO56
and Cadmium-zinc Alloys
of cadmium-lead alloys. In Figs. 3 and 4, the analogous results of
investigations of the cadmium-zinc alloys are shown. From these
results, the authors draw the conclusion that in heterog6neous systems
the anisotropy of the thermal expansion must be considered to be the
cause of the irreversible expansions of parts due to beat. The grain-
growth coefficient is a nonlinear function of composition in
consequence of phase interaction. In principle, it is possible tc
produce alloys, in which the anisotropy of thermal expansion doeE@ not X
lead to changes in the shape of the parts. For this purpose, a control
of the treatment of the alloys is necessary. There are 4 figures and
3 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONN; Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR Leningrad
(Institu-te of Physics and Technology of the AS UOSR9
Leningrad)
SUBMITTED8 April 4, 196o
Card 2/2

DAVIDIMV, N.N.; LIMUCHEV, V.A.; MALYGIN, G.A.
Investigating the Irreversible thermal shape changing of zinc.
Fiz. met. I metalloved. 10 no-3:412-424 s l6o. (MIU 13:10)
1. Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy inBtitut AN SSSR I Leningradskiy politekhniche-
skiy institut im. M.Llalinira.
(Zinc crystala) (Thermal stresses)

34515
3/659/61/007/000/0021/.04Z
1@21 7/D3 03
AUTHORS: LJ@_n-g,@ @V-A@,q and Likhachevag N.A@
TITLE; Irreversible dimens',onal ,-,-,angeg du;@ to cycl-l.: t,?Ypera--
ture effe-ts studied from the poin-t of view cf tbe
rheology theory
SOURCE:. Akademiya naDk SSSR. Institut meTailt@rgji- Issledova-,
niya po zharoprochnym. splavam, v,7. 1961, 11 - 19
TEXT: The most probable cause of irreversible dimensional changes
is the combined action of stresses arlsing -I.n components for any
reasono and of the influen3e of temperature. S-tresses, -who!3e relaxa-
tion lead to th3 above effect. can arise on heat'ing and sooling as
a result of (1) anisotropy off the coefficient of thermal expansion;
the stresses arising are balanced in the regions commens-,.ixate wi-th
the grain size or component size; (2) difference in expan,--l'on beL.-
ween neighboring phaGes;(3) temperaturs gradient al,)ng the cross-
section of the specimen and (4) different types of phas, tranLfOr-
mations accompanied by a change in specific volume of the phases,
Card 112 X

3/659/61/ @'00-''/(_) 0 0/ 0 0 210 44
Irreversible dimensional changeB D217/D303
In this pa,,er,, the authors attempt a Mathematical interpretation,.
from the p,.int of view of the theory of rheology, of the aforemen-
tioned theoreti-ally possible cau5es of the Irreveroible changes in
dimension and shape as the resul-t of periodle temperaturz- variatlons
There axe 4 figures and 22 references.- 1& So-,4-iet--b]A.cc and 8 non-So-
,@iet-bloco The 4 most recent referen-es to the English-laligguage
publia-ations read as foI'Lows; J.E. Barke and A.M. Turka1c., Ty7ans,
Amer. Inst, Mining Met. Engrs. !94p 1952-i H.H, Chl9wik., Trans,
Amer. Soc. Met., 49, 48, 1957-@ J.E. Burke, and A,,K, Turka'12. Tran4-
Amer@ Soo. Met., 50o 58 R. M, tlay_'-.@Id@. Transi, Amer. Sc-,T@ MeT-,
19
JO, 1958.,
Card 2/2

S/161/61/003/006/023/031
2LI, L1,1 0 0 24926 B102/k14
A73THOR s Likhachev, V. A.
TITLEt Microstructural strains of therma-1 anisotropy
PERIODICALs Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 6, 1961, 1827 - 1834
TEM In heating or cooling polycrystalline systems composed of grains
that are an isotropic in regard to thermal expansion, second-'.-ype thermal
strains appear in these grains. The author attempts to estimate the
orders of magnitude of these strains taking into account not only the
anisotropy of thermal expansion but also that of the elastic constants.
The solutions are given for all the 32 symmetry classes. The author to-
gether with 1. A. Likhaoheva\ published earlier partial results relating
to crystals of the hexagonal syngonie. In the meantime he has developed
a method for calculating the microstructural strains of the thermal an-
isotropy for crystals of all systems. The exact solution involveo very
great mathematical difficulties; therefore, only a'n estimate is made here.
The treatment is not done with statistical methods which consider random
orientations of the other grains surrounding one. Instead, it is assumed
that an anisotropic grain is surrounded by a matrix possessing all the
Card 1/5
F

B/181/61/003/006/023/031
Microstruotural strains of... 24926 B102/3214
properties of the polycrystal (elasticity, thermal expansion). The prob-
lem can therefore, be treated by matrix algebra. Hookefs la,v is formu-
lated in the form (a) - (c)(E), orj@E) - (S)(d), where the strain tensor
and the deformation tensor are (6- matrices, (0) is a (6-6 matrix
built from the elastic coefficients C ik , and (S) is a matrix formed in an
analogous manner from the elastic coefficients S ik' flit, ooef f ( 0 1 ents Of
lin.ear expansion, a,, obey the conditions ML 0,
I
and @i ak)/3ai (i - It 2, 3). The coeffial-jat CL Of ther mal 'expun-
k-I 9
sion is a (6-1) matrix in which the upper three 2re *CIU41 to Ck0
and the lower three equal to zerol a 0- (a,+ a 2+ CL3)/3,*A Tf the4iraLn 4-8
in an absolutely hard medium, (a), - (C) ao )-"@@)]ATjhoj4o, *fiereAT is
the change in temperature. On introducing t4diagonal matri-x (M) of the
order (6-6)1
Card 2/5

24926 S/181/61/003/006/023/031
Microstructural strains of... B102/B214-
I Ai 0, 0.
T-
Ov 0
1 1 At
2 C(O)
I CIO)
It (5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
of 0, ... V-As
2 CIO) - C(O)
it
,where A, C 1 2 .... 6), and C(o) and C(o) are taken f rom
k- 1 ik (' - 11 12
Hooke's law, one obtains.,for the desired'. mi.c.rostru.0tural strain
(M) (c)R a0)-(a)J&T or, in another formt. (6) ad.1 (S -(a AT,
det(S) 0
where det (S) is the determinant of (S) and adj (S) is the mairix conju-
Card 3/5

24926 B/181/61/003/006/023/0'31
Microstructural strains of ... Bib2/B214
gate to (S); (TI) is a diagonal matrix of the sami form as (5), where
C C is replaced by and A by 1/i' being equal to @ S
11- 12 1 12 1 1 ik
k-1
(.i - 1, 2 .... 6). The e 'k@ressions for dik are explicitly given for all
the 32 3ymmetry classes. The numerical vallues of a ik a d ik /&T for some
substances are given in Table 2. As is seen, the..microstructuraf strains
of thermal anisotropy can reach dangerous values, for example, in zinc.
It was assumed in the calculation that the material has no texture. In
materials with texture the values are smaller. Finally the makimal val,
ues of the microstructural strains of the thermal.anisotropy for some
polycrystalline substandbs are givens 2
a 0.2
a uranium monoclinic) 0 54 kg/mm deg
P uranium @tetragonalj 0.200
selenium (hexagonal) 0-154
zinc (hexagonal) 0.125
cadmium (hexagonal) 0.0645
beryllium (hexagona-1) 0.0450
bismuth (rhombohedra.1) mo66
graphite (hexagonal) moo666
Card 4/5

S/181/61/003/006/023/031
Miorostructural strains',of... ' 24926 B102/B214
There @re 3 tables and 5 references: 3 Soviet-bloc and 2 non-Soviet'b;oo.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy instLtut im. A, F. Ioffe AN SSSR
Leningrad'(Institute of Physics and Technology imeni
A. F. Ioffe AS USSR, Leningra@)
SUBMITTEDs December 1, 196o initially) and
January 20, 1961 @after revision)
E.
Legend to Table 2: 1) material, ... ps"
2@ zinc, 3) calcite,-4) Cd, 5) Sn,
6 tourmaline, 7) quartz, 8) Sb,
9 Bil 10) Mg. Given in kg/mm2deg.
!.32 @=UIIT
Card 5/5
X .
..
04 X6AMHJt -.
!r OA080 . . .
6XTYpmamtm
xC bMft
9 Y'P.MYT
40 Mimffl
0.0492
0.0350
0.0315
0.0148
0.0123
0.00528
0.00176
0.000564
-0.0260
-0.0304
-0,0127
-0.0255
-0.0197
-0,00367
-0.0014S
-0.00108

LIKHACHEV, V.A.
Equation of state of a real (inhomageneous) solid. Fiz.tver.tela
3 no.10:3187-3196 0 161. OMIRA 14:10)
1. Fiziko-tekhaicheskiy institut imeni, A.F.1offe AN SSSR., Leningrad.
(Equation of state)

00
27559
B/170/61/004/010/014/019
B108/BI02
ATJTHORSs Likhaohev V A f Xoskvinq A. I.
TITLEs Change in density of aluminum due to heat variations
PERIODICAM Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal, V. 49 no. 10? 1961, 111-114
TEXTt The authors studied the thermal fatigue of cylinders of 99-97%-pure
copper which were subjected to a cyclic thermal treatment. The specimens
were put into a furnacep kept there for about 5.7 min, and then chilled in
I P.0.0 water for 2 min. This process was repeated cyclically. After about
1000 cycles over a temperature interval of some 500 OC, the thermal stresses
led not only to a crinkling of the surface but also to a relative
deformation (elongation) of the specimens by 5 - 7%. The relative change
in the apparent density of the specimens rised with the number N of cycles
itooording to a parabolic law. The anomalous course of the curve
corresponding to cycles over an interval of 400 OC could not be explained.
The relative change in density was due to thermal fatigue which causes
Card 1/2

T,,2& 10
AUTHORSs
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
28
3/170 /004/011/017/020
B108 B138
rB1 3
Likhaohev, V. A.v Malygin, G. A.
Irreversible thermal deformation of bismuth
Inzhenerno-fizicheakiy zhurnal, v. 4, no. 11, 1961, 123-124
TEXT: The authors studied the deformation of low-ductility materials as a
result of repeated heating and cooling. 6 mm thick and 100 mm long rods of
cast bismuth.were used as te:t(objeots. The experimental procedure has been
described in an earlier Pape Likhachev V. A., Andreyev I. V. Nauchno-
tekhnicheskiy informatsionnyy bylulleten' LPI im. M. I. Kalinina. (razdel
fiziko-matematicheskikh nauk), no. 12, 1958). The samples were transferred
from -the low (100C) to the high temperature region in the space of 2
seconds and were kept there for 4 min. It was found that bismuth undergoes
deformaiions-s'imilar to those in high-duotility materials, such as
aluminum, cadmium, etc. Slow heating and slow cooling of the samples
caused no deformation and showed that this is due to temperature stresses.
The latter arise as a result of the low heat conductivity of bismuth. The- Xse'.;
relative change in size* c, as'a function of the number N of thermal
Card 1/2

S/126/61/012/003/005/021
E021/E180
AUTHORS: Likhachev,_y.A.9 and Malygin, G.A.
TITLEs Change in density of zinc during thermal cycling
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v-12, no-3, ig6i,
365-371
TEXT: The change in density of several anisotropic metals
(cadmium, zinc, tin) and their alloys (cadmium-zinc, cadmium-tin)
during cyclic changes of temperature was investigated. The method
of periodic heating (Ref.10- V.A. Likhachev, I.V. Andreyev,
Nauchno-tekhn. inform. Byuleten' LPI im. M.I. Kalinina (razdel
fiz.-mat. nauk), 1958, No.12, 44) enabled the liberation of
stresses connected with a temperature gradient across the section.
Samples of 6 mm diameter and 100 mm length were prepared. The
relative drop in density was measured by differential hydrostatic
weighing with an accuracy of 2 x lo-3%. The drop in density is a
linear function of the number of thermal cycles; after 3000 cycles
the density of zinc decreases by 0.45%, that of cadmium by 0.1%;
whereas tin shows no change. This is thought to be due to the
anisotropy of the coefficient of thermal expansion. The decrease
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in density also depends on the plastic properties of the material,
cadmium and tin being more plastic than zinc. Further experiments
were carried out on zinc to study the effect of other parameters
such as temperature interval and texture of material. It was shown
that with a temperature interval of 500-a change in density was not
detected; with 1000r_there was a small change, and with wider
temperature intervals there was a much greater effect. After 1000
cycles, density changes were 0.26 and 0.005% at intervals of 200
and 100 OC, respectively. Tests on specimens oriented to various
degrees showed that variation in texture had little effect on
density change. The density of pure metals usually changes linearly
with the number of cycles; this is not so for alloys. Figs. 6 and
7 show the relative change in density of Cd-Zn and Cd-Sn eutectic
alloys against the number of cycles; the'density falls very
quickly at first and then reaches a constant value, at least in the
Cd-Sn alloy. The method of observing changes in density of
materials enables a better understanding of thermal fatigue.
The role of various parameters can be determined.
There are 7 figures, I table and 11 references: 10 Soviet-bloc and
I English. The English language reference reads as follows:
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Ref.7: W. Boast R. Honeycomb. Nature, 1944. No.153-154;
Proc, Roy. Socs, 1946, A186; Proc. Roy. Soc., 1947, A188;
J. Inst. Metals, 19461 73-
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR
(Physicotechnical Institute, AS USSR)
SUBMITTED3 January 24, 1961
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AUTHORS: Davidenkov, N.N., Likhachev, V.A. and Ivanov, V.G.
TITLE: The effect of the size factor on irreversible
changes of shape due to therinal cycling
PERIODICAL: Fizika motallov i metallovedeiiiye, v. 12, no. 4,
1-961, 541 - 549
TEXT: Metal components subjected to thermal cycling may
irreversibly change their shape and/or dimensions. When these
changes are caused by relaxation of internal stresses of the
first type, i.e. those set up as a result of a temperature
gradient in the component, their magnitude and sign should be
affected by its dimension. Published data on the effect of this
factor (Ref. 4 - authors - Nauchno--takhnicheskiy informatsionny-y
byulleten' (razdel fiziko-matematicheskikh nauk), Leningrad
pc-l-i.tekhn. in-t, 1958, no. 12, 56; Ref- 5 - G.P. Lazarev -
Izv. AN SSSR, OTN, Metallur-Slya 1 toplivo, no. 5, 1959, 57) are
contradictory and since this problem is of both theoretical and
practical importance, the investigation described in the
present aper was undertaken. The experiments -were conducted on
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The effe.%t of the size factor ... E193/E383
cylindrical specimens of aluminium (99.975'.). a-brass (30% Zn)
and P-brass 070,0' Zn) with a length/dianieter ratio not less than 6.
The thermal cycling consisted of holding a test piece in a
nitratf., bath for at least two minutes and transferring it in two
seconds to cold water (10 0C). All the test pieces were annealed
prior to thermal cycling. The dimensional changes were deter-
mined by measuring the variation of the distance between two
reference lines inscribed circumferentially on the cylindrical
iirall, well away from the flat faces of the specimens. In the
first scries of experiments a pure sodium nitrate bath was used;
oi,ring to the hi.gh melting point of this salt, it formed a solid
crust on the mirin-ersed test pieces, whereby the rate of heat
transfer was @@sloxfed dovm and steep temperature gradients weve
avoided. The results are reproduced ip Fig. 1. iirhere the, so-
called, 11growth coefficient" (y x 10-","/cycle) of a-brass
is pl,.:,tted against the diameter (mm) of the test pieces,
thermally cycled through a temperature interval of AT = 500 OC,
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The effect of the size factor .... E193/E383
the results obtained for P-brass being reproduced in a similar
manner in Fig. 2. The 5results for aluminium are reproduced in
Pig- 3, where y = 10- /cycle is plotted against the specimen
diameter (mm), Curves 1-4 relating 0to specimens (1) heated
in pure sodium nitrate (AT = 300 C), (2) heated in pure
sodium nitrate (AT = 420 0C), (3) heated in a nitrate eutectic
(,4T = 420 00 and (4) heated in a nitrate eutectic
(AT = 49o OC). The different behaviour of aluminium specimens
of the sgme diameter but tested under different conditions
(higher'or lower heating and cooling grades) confirmed the
findings of Likhachev and Moskvin (Ref. 4) that aluminium
cylinders increased in length when slow heating was followed
by rapid cooling and contracted when heated rapidly and cooled
slowly. At high heating and cooling rates, the final result
will be a combined effect of expansion and contraction, as a
result of which minima and maxima can appear on the y versus
test-piece diameter curves. Other material may be subject to
the same effect and to elucidate this point the present authors
analyse this problem in terms of, so-called, "criteria of
transitirn to plastic state". They conclude that when the
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The effect of the size factor .... E193/E383-
relaxation time and/or the yield strength of a metal are
markedly affected by temperature variation, thermal cycling
should bring about a decrease in the largest dimension of a
specimen, irrespective of the relationship between the cooling
and heating rates-, when these two properties vary little with
@emperature, a metal specimen will increase its length,after
slow heating and rapid colling and contract when rapidly heated
-and then slowly cooled. The effect of shape on the phenomenon
studied was determined in the final series of experiments. To
this end aluminium specimens of equal cross-sectional area
(1-56 cm2) but of a different shape and length were subjected
to thermal cycling through AW = 370 0C. The results are
reproduced in Fig. 7, where y x 10- 5/cycle is plotted against
the specific volume/surface (V/S)-ratio, the various experimental
points relating to the following shape6: 1 cylinder,
D = 14.1 mm; 2 - hexagonal, D = 13-5 mm; 3 square,
a = 12.5 nun; 4 - rectangle, a = 8.0 mm and 19-5 mm;
5 - rectangle, a = 5-0 mm, and 31.5 mm-
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The effect of the size factor .... E-193/E383
in every case, the test piece increased in length and, contrary
to the findings of A.A. Zuyhova (Ref. 6 - Izv. AN SSSR, OTN,
1958, no. 10, 92), y was practically independent of the
ntunber of thermal cycles. The increase was most pronounced in
thin specit-iiens of rectangular cross-section and least marked
in cylindrical specimens.
There are 7 fig es and 8 Soviet-ploc references.
gur
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-telchnicheslciy institut AN SSSR
(Physic ot echnical Institute of the AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: January 25, 1961 A-m
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Methods sf investigating-Ir-eversible thermal def,:)rxattion
(survey). Zav.lab. 27 no-7:867-876 '61. (MIRA 14:7)
(Deformations (Mechanics))

LIRHACHEV, V.A.; MALYGIN, G.A.