SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LIVSHITS, B. G. - LIVSHITS, B. G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000930230007-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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M; 0.14 L' 2,71.1 Slot. L75 At; 0.1i) C, 3.46 Nin,

as of : :1.57 At vatic metted in an induction furnaive in air atm. I h"

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lf
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borged Easily at Annealed in H, at I HAD
the bdrs of steel followed that ducing
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the first Interval of vistiessling. 3 W bra.. thi: tvffdvr f-wtv 4
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age

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occler corre-purAing to the alme artalyin when thryatto, s
00 annormled in Hl. AnutaWifsairat Illoto I:YAI'kw 7 hpi. thr 9*0

00 vassfor, orpill gave minims of 1).38. D.W. 0.70. 0.3t) cr@tcd.
Permeability incrrwws with the yrdtwtitm of coerlive
00 p force, but while longer annealing recluccof the latter, Iwo.

00 morallitity decritstars after reselling a max. The steel ha-
1.5 tim" sreatee reiiiistance than 4% Si tranuitorma strel.
U.8 Obse per so. Mm. Per Min, St. W. Ff.
'Pvvlljjjl;Ojt4WVd- 9011411 With kkk atelid mid, low
I almoblM amse ". 0. 0. Livothiloo and V. Grinopins.
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stracts(ist io"Is &AIloys)
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Mang OW OwWAW 10%, of COO. 11. G. 1AVAN"Ond -00
A. (). Itakhalitailt. (Kachaetvannaya, Stal. 1937, No. 7. plo. 37-40).
(111 lbanian). A 10% cobalt steel with and without the addition f-

of or mulybdanuni was invostigated; the object of the
, es
rt"vor,41
wnm to ;,"tablish the oplinluill Imit-twatulant Conditions -00
anti It) dotrrmino t fit, magnotle limpertled. Forlitirtslomm.thirl, -00
111jule of SUA containing no Molybdanual. the following heat tivat- 4100
200' C. for 5 min., followed by
to nt is rmimmendod : Heating to L
Azoo
air.titienching. temilering at 700' for 75 min., followed by ooolitiF in

*
coo
air, thon heat ing to K40
for 7 min. followeil by an air-quench. Ilia
materialiathonagodatlOWC,
fly this methott are
Coercive force 130 oersted, wid remairionce
UWi)--l0,OWgauss. Forthe steel containing 1-5% of molybdunuin
a similar beat treatment is reloammended, with the diffierence that Sare o
the final quenching temperature Is 920* C. The ooercive foroel
obtainetl Is 150 oersted and the remanance 8200-SM Faun. The goo
0mrcive force may be increased ky raising the final quenching Xe
temilerature. as
i too
LITINATWE CLAWKAMN It ago
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OmW=L Put EL 11- G- UVARA and D. A. Gringaus. (Kaeheo,
vvnnsys Stal. 1037. No. l2.-0p-.W=M)- (In Russian). The authors
cmitinm their Moviount of the InvesUptisin of am optimum mnpoW.
8 UOR Mal best Wworeent for nickel-daminium magnet steele (am
:0 62AJ. Tboycoujisfin the magMijo p=6000/12.32/12ami
00 LAO nickel-aluminlum stools anil thosi o the 28/11 steel which they
00 1weviously inveotigaW. The 28/11 steel has tile 1xvt sn"ti,j
pimpertiva. " regIsnis both rem&netsco and otiervire (torm. 17he nte&%
0 43 Imitable hraL treatment for " steel, Irresliective of erim-section, bi
to ofl-quench fivin 1275-13W' C., with subsequent tempering as
GM470' C. It is claimed that the 28/11 nickel-aluminium steel III
better than the viously fnvefftipW nickel-aluminium steels with
AAL! a low nickel andC allminiu. content, particularly in reg" to tim
ix-rmanency of Its magnet 10 ProperUes. Incertainalseciali-savestrol
mataining nickel 32% and aluminium 120% may find appliestions.
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IMSUNM of OOM an beiiii. B. G.-Ijums
and L. A. Cliudkovskay3. (Koichatityermays. Stal, 1938, No.
41, lip. 4Z-46). (In Rumsistn). With the object of studying the
00a lxw!Nlitv of partiAlly replacing nickel in nickel-alummitim
ooa
martent-magnet ateel, a mercies of alloys containing aluminiurn
00 #1 11-12-,, .1 nickel plus chromium 281," and another series (if
o
.
oo rl alloys with the same nickel plus chromium content, but in which the
aluminium content had been increased to 13% with the object of
490 the coercive force, were prepared and investigated. I'lie

ooa
ome given b ternary 28/11 &nil 26/12
wem compared with th
T
Itoa heat treatment aryl, in
nickel-aluminium steels. The effects o
0J
luaticular, the quenching rate, on specimens oftbew alloys ofdifferrnt
cron-section were examined. In geneml it was found that the
oultitititution of nickel by aluminlum increased the residual induction
and lourred the coercive form. The optimum copper contria
oo 4r appears to be 601'.. The nickel-aluminium-copper steels showed it
011 much groater degree of permanency of magnetism in the cast state
than did the aluminium -nickel steels with an increased aluminium
In the as-cmt
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content whic
ng
k
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e
condition a specimen of 10 sq. cm. crom-section containing nic
of
60,1. will give
aluminium 14.450/, and
a remanentv
'12%,
copper
gaum and a coercive force of"400 oersted and thus appears to 6@
of deflnite practical value.
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0: 'A ONW. aWtantl L. Kontorovich. (Olaf, IM, No. 8, pp.
26-M). (in Russian. The object of the investigation here do. .00
SOX scribed ww to study the effect of additionil of both cobalt and .04
fee of Mishims, AWY and the PAW-
co r oft am magnetic propert,
bi My of obtainings high residual induction with a sufficiently high -0 0
ooercive force. The approximate amounts of alloying elements in
file thm types of metals studied were
IL A L */6 C11. Co. 1%,
(1) 22 11 8 0-12
(S) 17 If a 0-12
(3) 21 it 6 a
the balamm being irbn. The relationship of the magnetic properties GO&
to the composition mW to the costing conditions (i.e., whether #.,hfll -
or saud-c") were also examined. it was found that the addition Wo 0
of up to 12% of cobalt to an silloy of type (2) appredibly Inentseed &too
the magnetising force (H) and the product of the magnetic induction
(B) AM (H); the magnetic Induction, however. aliFhtl decreased
The alloy containing 12% of cobalt in of practical V. @, b,,,W@ IF
the product of B &M R is high as compared with that of 28/11
nickol-almainium steel and of AWoo. This sMoy, which in con.
moo
Moo
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ons.
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co
t increases t
e magnetizing force and the Vmdu et
YO o
YX H
the maximum
a
tic I
d
ti
i
bt
i
d
ith 0
f
90
a
m
uc
on
s o
w
n
ne
gne
;
% o
00 cobalt for ~Mail sections. An increase in the nickel content from so

00 170% to 22% in an alloy or small wcUen containing cobalt M.,
116, 1 6.,
;@4-1
l
l
fl
E 00

to um
a
i
uin
Increases H
0we B, t
e
roduet H X 9 a'O'1=4Pw
f'
t
il
=
A
i
I
h
es
*0
of c
s
ar
n
.
m
ncrease o
t
e
P
nickel content in an alloy containing cobalt 6%, aluminium 11%
and coppw 6% increases H and the product B x H
and sli
htly 64
*0
00 ,
g
rodumi B.. Chill-cast AWoo fit sections of 12 x 12 mm. arA W x 00

00 W min. It superior to the 28!11 nickel-aluminiti
l
Al
i
I

90 -mist
manc
n
ce
n sections of 30 x 30 mm. in Inferior to the
28/11 d4vel. The addiUou of copper to Alnice has no beneficial
so resultm.
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to -- I
0. Wrehitt. J. I ovk. Nys. (U, Si. N. it. I to. 11*1 - I
(twi- a Ine'vAll and LIV414%. C, 1 - "I rim 1, IN- ,Iivr het-, the 11141- naval rim,luis 3740
oot Thir ;Wo"rAxp" W Mloichi) d1wtertnition. fakw PIWC 10 "'stelfl, &a 1her jejull. is luought luck (4) ;14", IV Ifir- .00
three alloys efining herat-trevittrwat 6 diffiment trains thr ,Ixjut. fit obiv ra- it in lm-l"ril Obal On, it I,--
ordinary dispt@lm hardening. The %butle-6 of this Ow- Preston betudOning peM@%tg In tht UWOI way. I. if., t(WHIA -
00 ateetteraw vrm hift-selptlid by sliplyfitil the awlsoll 41 is&- tion of nuclei, which inermse both in %ite: und in nutlet -00
-H tbumal supercooling first PMPOWd by Dave= and
So JUJIM (C A, 34, AW 1). -am I torte
0 * thfarern into molitil Ph, at Ilds!"Wne., :ik"0111 the" I IV? It "I'dirstry metal IwIln.. but ban a %vt fain specirk %fluirit V.
fli, 0II01- IIWIS 1IWv never 111114`111V 114heittled three the- I-SwIrivr Norr's $I"- 111"Iff &.111aln ne"fil6wen 1.. .90
J(; whirb armted Iw ir*Wlb 44) gveid vr*trl' --mietur-lituti v vdium. I No (" Wear -1tin-luer to semitue,I .00
t @ nt WWII Bit to - luting 1110 Inix-eneee 44 ropod tMoll, 111,41 1 h,
oth .3 ture,4 the sample dertivaded t)niy ext imp. Will The 111191111 1 -N a
.p. regW is strictly lindird to me narrow inirivid 77
superrooling perrinel. All samo@ree i e then brought and the duratiou of supriceinling hAti it mokin apti-
trT
00 0 ih k to =of
'(X" wh'clt prmv%q was tr9ftted wvrW thws- mum value. This procit-so Iminp about a r6er to differicn,
**a i: Hach thm I h; rtwrcivr fewtv was mmentred in us des to lot. vallearee of corrcive force " the @ampk is twaught back to 400
i km the P"wrostifilbetwroon hardening. Thbliansfarms- "
six)" after immetisiou in nolet were". I'lw brixht 44 1
lion camayt tw cbmktt twy micrtrmitek, or %-tay mrthejd* m&,. forre.leteLlerl. 4011 Ituy dierallerel ,, in
be zoo
004 1; Ontv the- high values of reemiver IINITS Wising duAng the of the corniw
supecstooling In the Pb hath. Whru the timr in Z S min.
!J; aterever tnvtnwnl cull (twill a apar'fic type 44 hetivage""'ty, themax.bWarreteds. Rtduction of this parical to 1"4
Conti J;- ;
V 9 1 a The rMho at beat-treatment drprW on I * than 2 min. or exte"'i4m 4 its above [it Inin.coust-ii lower-
I %illwitim of the sample. Mhe aloorly I Clients tjx of the, twese. t,. the none. value as in si-u*4 in va- 1. 0
'a" I
beekYMW),Ibvft I at ul fisawly3iVomtrl.. If the
f is Isomocerneous sM it is in a state of cut furtherer and is as low a. 3111) 'Wtsteds (of a rk, flut'.
sow te-raterernt. Ane-trIlAustioni4offt-Ml. IfIrclen-MV, noo
1:1 WhM itnenterelld In Water, I hit strOOMMIT reuvil"s
The ditintnrIstim d this solid . . C. Shapiro
Fain. b sub.
w4mut herlit-Irmt I and is serminfain by a evilain
t .!Ngp
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notle ro"flks. It. Q. lAv4dis. 31d 1.4. 6.1, 1, Xo. IS
40.'4111DII); $3. 61-Ilt-Alretten-lve *fully was nt&lr
0 Al
4 the maptedc Invix-riles of Fc.%*J.Al, Ile-SI-Al-Cu.
0 Fe-Ni-Al-Co atul Ile-NI-Al-Cu-co duo". In CNIS cloor
:0 file itallu.-jov id C.Si 0.8.1 "to fumildly li'mintimillyll Ile)
was 9(ujlitl, All 1114- KIIrrinsent bood The saint, ('113ftc.
fintor In all. 4 crom meviii-lis Were Aftiolk4l, In V*4-h rw
fir KIWI inwil, haml Ow %41116, length.
00 1
te WII,.V- 110.1 1.. Im Pliven thrit Into%. to jg1w1k-
4.4k
Isv %he
06
00 14 trwaidlualoutionetwinduction). &UOY-. Ali incrt-ase 4,4 %In dmn,r his lion
0 OM /I. (cmicive lorm of lumignetir field). The magoomiki Ahd the nuwlrtic entTmIl. It al'" cvuft@ all Increase
1"upritics depent! oil the heat-irratment. It wous tjorrr,f 'j-h,-p,ror,dcAITrvt,jWjvrr%
the SIUSSUCtir pri4wrt". CU IniprOV" t6@
(w nvursvAry to oo@ccjrtain the optimum licat-tresotovent. Mitionet
To,hi*nkl,h,.U,,yo wffe hcaW to IZ10- end the orouAjts1,P9OP-t" of Fe-Xi-Al. The "Ininluill content .1 C 4
0 : if
0 def'ro"A Lao 'he "lat've quA"fifi- of So alml AL Rml
of Cooling at varioul- rates were studied. The Fesultil we
41unmatiard in nummutio lables anti Staphoo. "U'll were "1'141111-11 (full, alliwin@,i( Ni 21.5. At Iu
Genro"Y Cu 44% and K, on,j
Si ;UA. Al Vim &nil Till. alL,y
an inerraw in Si rceirm linorred /1. sunj rmi%rd 11, will
the magnrW curtSt, a( the alloy. Itevocul V % o( NI. had /1' > &1" 611-1 Th.
the 2 lattrr pitt;wrt" dectine. Thi% is true alo for At P-NI-Al a1hY, -nig. 114, Cu 1, -I'll savi-bi, u1s),
up to 1.1 14%. Th, I-t awgurlic proosmi-. givelt th.- i- Friouiml hy
--igrativient. fir am - 5 alut At 11.11% th" -"% I, "-,I III alhov% conig.
IW Iwo und Nt 2% I,_ , Coo, c I a k "rif I
I CIN. mir of t,.AinX dti-ltv- a. tha, At vatcut in. Is to .1. bmdd be - - L@ 1 =*7, and Al I,,
k1elLM-A. IUMI bWleaKes Its the Ni Content ivirrnisc-. VS. In such jowy, CIO 6 uunn-"%"v Fufttw
to 0,15% the cfftvl or @;i is insignificiont, Im-Tood thi. in Co rai" it, while he &;Ilc hixf, B re-
(inneff.
Value It, inervit" and It, and the 11"notirtir energy de. Rai,ijix the C-lemstrut 4" 11-1. i-,Yffr, five only
when Coo tic', i, M1,1611 1. the 414.,
rfr4me wk Si havit-a-4s. 1112 up fit 11@111 OAS% has III"'*' I IIL h I-AW,
timlly no rfiti-I at I he nuggiwii.- pm1wities ut the Fe-Ni-Al
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101 A, I i. Vnl,fi-ht lilt (lAo,. Pr I It-, A. If I If (J. ?, - A. PA,, 1. P# I "I.
t I IIIII I WS; C', , 0'... It, C." 36, 11 ff 1), 1111 1111-ml.1 11. Ah'i ....-
rll. it,,n .Nl, and -Nr,,, 1J. Vmn,nw. is 4 . IP. it.. 4,
IM11,1114% mitildid. 1.01i. tilAth. in " .1w. I ..( 11. - 6. fo. ft. ,
Tilt. I, h"n-r- in 0-jet-frip al"I It.. 1-1. -@n o
.41n In. vil-hiii-A 4nits- fly -Inis-ot nml If"- footimli@-n -,( -
t" nins, 4 fig is mol. t. ..VJVA .'M .41146,11 If.. w I. . m@ 1 .1, -
.... Ili in-Winil.- fill$ n .111. v ft fm.-.
olpmk.- its 11 0- 1".-
if mA 16.4 .If.# -b
1111tiont. 'Work I-41141-A a lb V108111-if It'll ,I l1w 0111.14rwhi I -I If,- ML-A!-
h4titiv, it rmfitr- -1f.0114 A 11.0 ("?Ill OW111
in, Itri.-Il 14A Its I Iw .I Ow pit lim., .,it, I ,I'm 11 -or itt@ I, -,t-4,ikt
I, Win. Mholl aw 1".1 unit Wdt III,- it'll 1, e J M,
th". 4 It mA thr F. t-i, difid",
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Oo dirreli'm -.1 P'llits., ii , W I, I., m), -.1. @- Oilt Oi-,,

LIVSHITS, toris Origor
Physical characteristics of
nauchno-tekbn. izd-vo lit-ry
320 p. -
alloys; textbcok. 2. pere. imd. Moskva, Gos.
po chernoi i tsvetnoi metallurgii, 1946.
TA490-L5 1946

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2-1-ldf 1. 1
-
LIVSHITS, B. G.
p1tevorsion Phonomenon in Aging ToGludool Iron," Zhurr. Tokh. Fiz., 16, No.11, 1946.

kA 11@@
G.
Was
orms
-@Illsitlc @Deforviati& 'of Alloys With, Righ C*arci**;-: -
of Steel Imani, Staiw
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'thes6 &MVa and th Ir' opiwt"
'Out L4.@ Wslos., does. not. iA yet. provlde@, a - Mai Is'
Im.. of Tiiii*w, effects. MUO":

LIVSHITS, B.G.
Livehits, B..G. and Tsuprud, L.I. "Research oh the phenomenon of aging
low-carbon steel.' report (Moak. tn-taptali im. Stalina) 26. 1948,
p. 2o8-42
SO: U-2888, LItopis Zhurnallnykh Statey, No. 1, 1949
-9

a-A r-oriln, G. N. - "An'Itir' of -her--t str-cl ff--)r deop chn,.drr,",
Stal inIn. 1,
Sbornik (Mosh. in-t stali in 27, 1-04'1 C'@S-Illi -
ITO, -6,
SO: U-3042, 11 I-Loxall 53, (LetOPis 'Zh-,,Irn-'l 'nY"I'l Statcy,

USSR/Engineering - Thermomagnetic Effect' Feb 50
Carbides, Analysis
"Employment of Thermomagnetic Meihod in Carbide
Analysis," B. G. Livshits, K. V. Popov, Moscow
inst of Steel im-eni 1. V. S-ta-lin, 4"
,"Zavod Lab" Vol XVI, No 2
Introduces-nev method for thermomagnetic analy-..
sis of isolated carbides, used.for investigatin#
carbide phases of chromium steels, which permits)@
tlo,,a certain extent, compensation for deficiency
An@chemical and X-ray investigations., Investi-''
-gated.thermomagnetic properties of carbides
Thermomagnetic Effect Feb.50-
(C6ntd)
isotated from steels with chromium-cont Ients up to
4.34%. Analysis revealed carbide phases present:
in chromium steels after holding, at supercriticil
temperature. This was impossible by any other
nathod.'

LIVSHITS, B. G.
USSR/@btala - Alloys
Metallography
Fay 50
qlatallographic Analysis of Ferroalloys and Alloy Steels With the Aid of Thermal
Coloration," S. S. Glorelik, B. G. Livehits, @bacow Steel Inst imeni I. V. Stalin,
3 PP
"Z%vod Lab " Vol XVI, No 5
Describes method-of thermal coloration in application to ferroalloys and alloy
steels based on intensive oxidation of metals at high temperatures with formation
of oxide filras which are usually detected on metals as temper colors. Intensity of
forming and thickening of films and, consequently, coloring depends on dissociation
elasticity of oxide of given metal or compound and on rate of oxygen diffusion into
metal through film and diffusion of metal atoms to film surface.
PA 16OT74

LIVSHITZ, B. 1. and POPOV., K. V.
"Modifications in the Phase Diagram of the System Fe.4'r-C.," Dokl. AN SSSRO
60, No.4, 195o.
Evaluation B-62231

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-T I/
USSR/Solid. 8tate Physics - Phase Transformations in Solids., E-,5
Abst Journal: Referat Zbw- - Fizika., No 12., 1956, 34732
Author: Livshits, B.-R., LIvov,, V. S.
Institution: Moscow Institute of Steel USSR
Title: Investigation of the Mechanism of Aging of High-Coerci-rity Iron-Nickel-
Aluminum Alloy
Original Periodical: Fiz. metallov i metallovedeniye, 1955, 1, No 3, 455-458
Abstract: An alloy containing 27% nickel., 15% aluminum, and the remainder iron was
investigated. The method of 2-step working, imitating continuous cooling from a high
temperature,, was used: the hcmogeneous alloy was cooled from 1.,:250 to 800 or 8500.,
was soaked for a bertain time (from one minute to 10 hours), and the resultant het-
erogeneous state was fixed by hardening. The coercivity and the temperature coef-
ficient of the electric resistivity of monolithic specimens was neasured, at various
stages of the heat -treatment. The NIA1 phase was separated chemically., and in it
the contents of iron.was determined and the coercivity., the saturation magnetic, and
the temperature coefficient cf electric resistivity were measured. The separated
NiAl phase was furthermore subjected to heat treatment: slow heating to 100-7000;
1 of 2 - I -

USSR/Solid State Physics - Phase Transformations in Solidsjo E-5
Abst Journal: Referat Zhur - Fizikap No 12j, 1956, 34732
Author: Livshits, B. G., L'vov, V. S.
Institution: Moscow Institute of Steel USSR
Title: Investigation of the Mechanism of Aging of High-Coercivity Iron-Nickel-
Aluminum A.Uoy
Original Periodical,* Fiz. metallov i metallovedealye, 1955, 1, 110 3.. 455-458
Abstracts after which the magnetic saturation and the coercivity were measured.
It was found that the supercooled solid solution of iro4 nickel and aluminum alloy
breaks up at 800-8500 into an iron phase and a nickel-aluminum :phase, containing
iron. At a lwer temperatw.-e (7000), there is a further decomp,7sition of the nickel-
aluminum phase with a separation of iron from it.
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LIVSHITS, B. G., nd LIVOV, V. S., (Moscow)
"The Constitution of the Alloys Fe-Ni-Al in their High Coercivd State,"
a paper submitted tit the International Conference on Physics of Magnetic
Phenomena, Sverdlovs4 23-31 MaY 56.

LIVSHIMA B.- E_pnd I-ELOTMVI 0. V. (Moscow)
"The Magnetic Investigation of the Ordering of the Alloys," paper
presented at the International Conference on Physics of Magnetic Phenomena,
Sverdlovsk, USSR, 23-31 143Y 1956

11grij 0 rofessor, dcktor takhnichookikh nank;
11111917A,"30AS - G
a �r a p
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near, dolctor f1siko-satewtichaskikh nauk,
reteenzent; B#KSBHTADT, A.G., aoteents kandidat tekhnichaskikh
nauk, redaktor; @KOIMLI, B.I., t9khnIcheBkijv redaktor
[Physical properties of metals and alloys] Sisicbeekle evoistva
stallev i splavoy. Koskva, (ion. nauchno-tekba. izd-vo mashino-
:
trolt. lit-ry. 1956. 352 p. (KIJU 10:2)
(Alloys) (metals)

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L2

J_ ,All b 111PUf UY .3 L-Q 1.'jJC7' L. I" @- I li@.; Ma-' @ L L C7U UO
2. Ant irriony- cobalt systems--Tbormodynamic properties 3. Antimorty-cobalt
systems--Meta.Llurgical analysis 4. Antirriory-cobalt systems--X-ray analysis
5. Antiwny-cobalt systems--Chemical analysis
137-58-4-8094
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 4, p 247 (USSR)
AUTHORS: bivshits, B.G., Ravdel'. M.P.
11@
TITLE: The Effect of Molybdenum on Order/Disorder Trpnsitions in
Permalloy (Vliyaniye molibdena na uporyadocheniye permalloya)
PERIODICAL: Sb. tr. Tsentr. n. -i. in-t chernoy metallurgii, 1956, Nr 15,
pp 53-67
ABSTRACT- Resistance (R) measurements and dilatometric investigations
were employed to determine the effect of heat treatment and work
hardening on the properties of Fe-.Ni-Mo alloys of constant Ni
contents (about 80%) and various Mo con-tents (0-6%), also the
kinetics of structural transformations in alloys. The R of a hard-
ened specimen of Ni3Fe alloy (0% Mo) after heating and slow
cooling in the temperature interval of order/disorder transition
declines by 17.5% due to ordering. Addition of up to 1% Mo dim-
inishes this effect, and when more than 1% is added, its sign is
reversed. In an alloy with 5% Mo, the increase in R attains 5%.
On work-hardening, contrariwise, the R of alloys with 5-6% Mo
diminishes by 13%, and the R of the ordered Ni3Fe alloy (OA)
Ca rd 1/2 increases by 36%. Dilatometric investigation of isothermic

137-58-4-8094
The Effect of Molybdenum on Order/Disorder Transitions in Permalloy
tempering of a@hardened specimen'of Ni3Fe shows the reduction in volume
common in OA. Under the same conditions of tempering, an alloy having 5%
Mo showed the opposite, viz. , an increase in volume. In cold-drawn speci-
mens of Ni3Fe.. quenched from 300-6000C, the R drops rapidly with time un-
til equilibrium is attained. In Fe-Ni-Mo alloys, R increases in the same man-
ner at all tempering temperatures. The greatest change in R in both cases is
that occurring at 400-5000. Heat treatment in the 300-6000 interval does not
affect the microstructure of the alloy. The anomalous change in the proper-
ties of Fe-Ni alloys when > 1% Mo is added is explained by the appearance of
a K phase which may perhaps owe -l.ts existence to the fact that the Mo and Fe
atoms form complexes as a result of the appearance of chemical bonding
forces between the different atoms. These complexes are the reason for the
supplementary scattering of electrons and consequently the increase in R. An
alloy containing 1% Mo is midway between OA and alloys with a K phase.
1. Iron-molybdenum-nickel alloys--Phase studies 2, Iron-molybdenum Ye. V.
-nickel al-loys--Phase transitions--Effects of molybdenum 3. Iron-molybdenum
-nickel alloys--Proper-ties--Effects of heat treatment 4. Iron-molybdenum
-nickel alloys--Properties--Hardening effects
Card 2/2

VI
l17-1957-1-2-24904
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1957, Nr I Z, p Z79 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Krasnopevtseva, T. V., Livshits, B.G.
----------
T IT LE: The Effect of Vanadium on the 1'ransformation in Fe-Co-V
Alloys (Vliyaniye vanadiya na prevrashcheniye v
zhelezokoballtvanadiyevirkh splavakh)
PERIODICAL: Sb. tr. Tsentr. fi.-i. i-V-@-t chernoy metallurgii, 1956, Nr 15,
pp 68-85
under continuous cooling of the gamma phase, as well as under
isothermal: conditionq. The investigation wits carried out on alloyr,
with 0, 2, 4; 6, 8, 10, and 12 percent V content, all alloys
having a constant content of 51 percent Co.. All measurernent;@
were performed on Akulov's anisometer. Measurements of
coercive force were also performed and ihe microstructu@e of
the alloys was studied. Increasing the V content from 0 to IZ
percent causes the;temperature, which corresponds to the begin-
ning of the t-o( transformation, to vary from 9250 to 511,50.
In alloys with 2 percent V or less the t-04 occurs purely by
Card 1/2 diffusion. An analogous process takei place also in an alloy
ABSTRA&: The effect of V on the transformation (T) was studied

137-1957-141-@4904
The Effect of Vanadium on the @_k Transformation ir. Fe-Co-V (cont. )
containing 12 percent V; in this process also no martensite T
was detected. In super-cooling the 61 phase of alloys containing
4 - 10 percent V, as well as during isothermal exposure of these
alloys, the decomposition process also occurs by diffusion; how-
ever, when alloys containing 6 - 10 percent V are cooled at a
rate of 5 - 6 deg/min the process of the t -C< T assumes a
non-diffusive martensite character. At identical cooling rates
the N T in a 4 percent V alloy is of intermediate nature,
but la_nges to a martensite nature when the cooling rate is in-
creased. From the results obtained it is concluded that both the
kinetics and the mechanism of T in a super-cooled gamma phase
of the' alloys investigated may be interpreted by means of the
usual theory of decomposition and martensitic transformation.
P. S.
1. Iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys - Transformations - Xffects of
vanadium
Card 2/?-

L / V,5 14 / 7-:S' e. C,
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 1, p 244 (U
AUTHORS; Livshits, B.G., Rayevskaya, M.N.
,TITLE: Malleable Magnetically Retentive Alloys Based on fron- nickel-
aluminum (Deformiruyemyye magnitotverdyye splavy na
zhelezonikel'alyuminiyevoy osnove',
PERIODICAL: Sb. tr.Tsentr. n.-i. in-t chernoy metallurgii, 1956, Nr 15,
pp 360-396
ABSTRACT: In an effort to discover inexpensive malleable alloys for perma-
nent magnets having high magnetic qualities, the following alloys
with reduced Al content were melted in an induction furnace,
rolled into foil 1.5- 10 mm in thickness, and studied. Ni 15- 30,
Al 0- 15, and also an alloy with 15-25 Ni and 5-10 Al, with sup-
plementary alloying by Nb, Zr, Ti, Va, and B. It was found that
alloys containing not over 9 percent Al are capable of deformation
in the 1200-8500C interval. Ti and Nb increase the coercive force
of Ni-Al-Fe alloys up to 550 Oe with a B,X5000 gauss (Nb) and
380 Oe at 6350 oauss (Ti). These alloys may be machined by hard
alloy cutters. In the highly coercive state the alloy consists of
Card I finely dispersedAand I Iphases, the 8 phase being in the form

Malleable Magnetically Retentive Alloys Based on Iron -Nickel -Aluminum
I
of isolated particles in the phase. An alloy containing added Nb also con-
tains a third phase, Fe 2Nb. In alloys containing Ti, the latter is completely
dissolved, and no titanides are formed. Bibliography: 10 references.
Ya.P.
lo Permanent magneto-Determination 2. Iron nickel altzminum alloys-4pplicatiaus
Card Z/Z

SOV/137-58-10-21512
Translation from: Re ferativnyy zhurnal, Me tallurgiya, 1958, Nr 10, p 150 (USSR)
AUTHORS: -Livsh@it lbragimov, Sh. Sh., Avraamov, Yu. S.,
tone v, Yu. @K
TITLE: Theory of Phase Trans formations in Nichrome and Nimonic
(Teoriya fazovykh pre%,rashchenly v nikhrome i nimonike)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: 155led. po zharoprocbn. spla,,,-am. Vol 2. Moscow,
AN SSSR, 1957, pp 171-180
ABSTRACIC: The fact that electrical resistivity (ER), heat capacity (HC),
and certain other properties of nimonic and nichrome alloys
are functions of temperature indicates that a K-state exists
in these alloys. In nichrome specimens which have been
quench-hardened at a temperature of 7700C, the K-5tate
appears as a result of heating to 400-460c@ Heating the alloy
to 460-5600 causes it to revert into a statically disordered
solid-solution state. The formation of the K-state is
accompanied by changes in the micr05tructure of the alloys,
apparently as a result of deformations,, i. e. , according to
X-ray data the alloys retain their single-phase character.
Card 1/2 A change in microhardness analogous to a change in the ER

SOV/1 37-58-10-21512
Theory of Phase Transformations in Nichrome and Nimonic
is observed. In the case of nimonic two processes take place: 1) Segregation
of a Ni3(Ti, Al) phase from the solid solution at temperatu-res of 850-7500,
and 2) the appearance of a K-state at temperatures below 500-600c). Despite
the high magnifications employed (l 0- 12, 000 x), ele ctr on- microscope 301dies
of the structure of nimonic which had been tempered at 500-6000 failed to
reveal any decomposition of the solid solution, even though the physical
properties of the alloy had changed considerably in the process. The K-state
was also studied by the method of measuring the internal friction of alloys
with the aid of a vacuum relaxator. On the strength of these data it may be
concluded that Ni and Cr participate in the formation of the K-state in
nichrome, whereas in the case of nimonic Ni,-Cr,'Ti, and Al are the partici-
pating elements.
1. Chrome-nickel alloys--Phase studies P. S.
Card 2/2

18 (7) SOV/112-59-1-120
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhnika, 1959, Nr 1, p 11 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Avraamov, Yu. S., and Livshits, B. G.
TITLE: Investigation of Nimonick MWy--b"yMec`hods @of Internal Friction, Electrical
Resistance, and Dilatometric Analysis
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Issled. po zharoprochn. splavam, Vol 2. M., AS USSR,
1957, pp 198-210
ABSTRACT: In the nimonick alloy (2 1% Cr, 2. 48% Ti, 0. 67% Al, the rest Ni), the
transmutation passes two phases: disintegration and I 'pr edis integration. " The
former has a character of dispersional solidification, while the predisintegra-
tion is actually a formation of segregated Cr and Ti atoms. The disintegration
takes place at 700-8000C; the K state (anomalous increase in electrical
resistance when tempering after a hardening) is formed at 500-6500C. Both
processes are entirely independent of each other. Bibliography: 12 -tems.
O.B.0
Card I/ I

T
AUTHOR: Ivanushkina, A.Z. and Livshits. B.G. 128
TITO: Alloying of 36Yo invar enables one to change its properties
by hardening and tempering. (Legirovanie 36-protsentnogo
invara pozvolyaet izmenyat' ego svoystva putem zakalki i
otpuska.)
PERIODICAL: "Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie", (Physics of-Metals and
metallurgy), 1957, Vol.IV, N37.1-710), pp.184-185 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT: The authors show that the K-state can be obtained by
alloying of a single-phase alloy whichwithout alloying has
no ordered state or phase transformations. As such an alloy
-invar (36% Ni rest Fe) was chosen and in Fig. I the change
of the electric insistance after tempering from various
temperatures of ha-cdened invar containing S%o Mo is given.
Thus, it is shown that a K-state can be obtained in oxder as
well as disorder solutions by in-troducing.small quantities
of a-third component. One graph, 1 Ge=an and 1 Russian
reference.
Reed. July 24, 1956.

L
USSR/Solid State Physics - Phase Tnmeformiktion in Solid Bodies E-5
Abs Jour : Ref;Zhur - Fizika, ND 1, 1958, 998
Author : Xbraginov, Sh.Sh., Livshits,, BG.
Inst : Moscov Institute of Steel$
Title Change in Proptwties and Structure in Solid Solutions
With a Nickel 11asao-
Orig Pub Piz, metallov I Metallovedenlye,1957) 41 So 2, 315-318
Abstract An investigation was =PAe of the Influence of heat treat-
ment and cold.deformtion. on the electric resistivity, li-
ne AiMen ionsI Ladcrobwduess, and microstructurs of #.I-
lays Ni-21A Or and 57.4 Ni-16-55 Cr-Fe (in percent).
When heating bazdaned alloys NI-Or, the electric resistivi-
ty of the speciums in a region of 420 -- 530" is intense-
le increased, starting Vith 530" it gradually Almi-ol Shea
to a minimum and after 7500 it again starts increasing.
Cardl/3

-1
I -TJSSR/Solid State Physics - Phase Transformation in Solid Bodies E-5
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Mika, No 1, 1958, 998
of the process of formtion of unordered portions.
Also observed is a change in the microstructure of the
alloys as a result. of slow cooling.
Card 3/3

IVANUSHKINA. A.Z.; 11VSHITS, B.G.
",
Investigating properties sad structure of invar alloys with
diiitions of moly%dentm, chromium and ui@bium. Fiz. m9t. t
alloved. 5 no. 3.*527-535 157. (MIRA 11:7)
M
1. Institut prattizionnykh oplavoy TSentrallnogo naucbno-iseledoystel'skogo
instituts abernoy metallurgii.
(Nickel steel--Analysis)
(Motallography)

L I V,-
>H IT-5
AUTHOR: Livshits, B. Go 48-9-3/26
TITLE: Note on the Modification of the Structure and the Properties of
Solid Nickel Solutions on a Heat Treatment, (Izmeneniye stroyeniya
i svoystv nikelevykh tverdykfi rastvorov pri termicheskoy obrabotke).
PERIODICAL'. Izvestiya AN SSSR Swiya Fizicheskaya, 1957, Vol. 21,, Nr 9.,
pp. 1225-1233L (USSR).
ABSTRACT: In this Eaper a now structural state (pfk@se modification of a homo-
geneous solid solution), which was given.by Thomas, H. (ZS,Physik,
129j 219., 1,951) the denomination "K - state", in Chromium-Nickel,
Mo-permalloy, and in alloyed molybdenium was inveitigated by means;
of measm.-ing the electric resistance, its dilatation, strength and-
magnetic saturation. These investigations produced consistent results.
Thermodynamic problems and the causes leading to the formatiom of the
K - state were not studied. The characteristic features of the K
state aro aunned up as followsl
7.) the kinetics of the formation of the K - state sihou that this
state ccimea into existence by diffusionj in the same way as ordering
or the normal, aging proceSB. 2) Within the solid solution the proAl
cess takes place without the formation of a second phase-with a lat-
card 1/2 tice dk.fering from that of the original lattice of the solution.
t-'( V -S H (T-,
AUTPORS: Llvshlt,@, B. G., and L'vov, V. So 118-9-4/26
TITLE: Note on the Structure of Fe-,U-Al-AlloYs in a Highly Coercitive
State (Stroyeniye Fe-Ni-Al-Splavov v ikh vysokokoertsitivnom
sostoyanii).
PERIODICAL: Izveat,iya AN SSSR Seriya Fizicheakaya., 1957o Vol. 21, Nr 9.,
pp. 1232-1232 (USSR.)*
ABSTRACT! The paper is 'a short abstract from the lecture, the basic contents
of -which have been published inlFMM, li 455 (1955) and more detailed
in,Sbornik Trvdov MIS, 33, page 75, 1955. The solid Fe-Ni-Al solution
is decomposed into a Fe.- phase and a Ni-k! - phase at high tempera-
ture (at annealing and at aging as well.). This leads to a coherent
combination between the components of the strijc,@ure) independent of
the degree of pulverization. An anomaleous process of aging is charac-
teri2tic for these alloys. The anomaly consista;in the fact, that the
maximum coercitive force iq not obtained from an ordinary hardening
by means of annealing, but is the result from a continuous cooling
starting from high temperatures (from a one phase state) with a cri-
tical velocity. The continuous coolinF,. ran -o,-- replaced with the same
Card 1/2 restfkt by the keeping of a undercooled high-temperatijre solution,

48-9-V26
Note on the Structure of Fe-Ni-Al-Alloys in a Highly Coercitive State.
first at 6oo - 65o0c and then at 65o - 7ooOC. At these temperatures
the decomposition takes place In two Btepst Fe-phase and Ni-Al-phase.
The first decomposition is proved with the help of a microscope, the
additional one by a phase analysis (chemical and X-ray) of tbfj iso-
lated Ni-AIL-phase) which is separated from the alloy alGetrochemically
after different heat treatments. The decomposition is also proved by
measurements of electrical, magnetical and other properties of the
monolyt samples. It can be assumed, that the maximum increase of the
coercitive force is caused by an increased Isolation of particles of
ck,- iron on the additional decomposition of the phases (which have
been obtained at the first decomposition of the undercooled solid
solution).
ASSOCIATION.' Mosccrw Institute for Steel imeni I. V. Stalin (Moskovskiy institut
stali-imeni I. V. Stalina).
,I.
AVAILABLE: Library of Coneress.
r,ard 2/2

AUTHOR5,' Livsalts, B. G., and Molotilov, B. V.
TITLE. Note on Magnetic Investigations of the Ordering of Alloys on the
Basis of Ni-Mn (Magnitnoye issledovaniye uporyadocheniya splavov na
o9nove Ni3Mn).
FERIODICAL: Izve.stiya AN SSSR Seriya Fizicheskaya, 1-957, Vol. 21., Nr 9,
pp. IL233-1233 (USSR.).
ABSTIRACTI. The purpose of this paper was to clarify the influence of Mo on the
ordering process of the Ni Mn s@olution. Alloys of Ni Yn nithout nrox
lybdenium@ and such with a Aolybdenum content up, to i7fo were i=esti-
gated. First the kinetics of the phase transformation at various tem-
peratures were studied by means of meawaring the electric resistance,
and then this process was analyzed exactly with the thermomagnetic
method in the anisometer of Akulove Moreover3 the elastic properties
and the structure of the alloys was investigated* It appeared, that
the various stages of ordering are accompanied by a process of forma-
tiom and growth of the crystal- nuclei*of the ordered solution and a
gradual.disappearance of the disordered phase, The introductiom of
molybdenum into NiMn slows. down the ordering and diminishes the degree
Card 1/2- of the possible ordering. This decrease is not proportional to the

Note on Magnetic Investigations of the Ordering of Alloys on the 48.9-5/26
Basis. of Ni-lin.
dilution of Ni.,Mn bymolybdenum. The decrease of the extreme order
appaxently is tot onV due to a distortion of the stoechiometrical
composition, but also to a basic modification of the interatomic
combination, The ability of the solid solution for ordering is kept
at an introduction of at least 4,1, %of molybdenum and no transition
to the inhomogenuous; solid solution, takes place (K - state)& The
kinetics of the ordering of Ni-Mn compounds are identical. wether al-
3--
loyed with mol_vbdenunL or not, The baslic contenta of the lerture have
been published together@with Myuller, N& N, and Savostlyanova. in.
mi 3, 477 (1-956).
ASSOCIATION: Moscow; Institute for Steel imeni I. V. Stalin (Moskovski.T. institut
stali. imeni I. V. Stalina),
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 2/2

137-58-3-5865
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 3, p200 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Livshits, B.G., Ibragimov, Sh. Sh.
TITLE: Investigation of Structural Transformations and Properties of
Nichrome Alloys(Issledovaniye strukturnykh prevrashcheniy i
svoystv nikhromovykh splavov)
PERIODICAL: Sb. Mosk. in-t stali, 1957, Vol 36, pp 75-102
ABSTRACT: The nature and mechanism of the K-state was studied on
alloys Kh2ON80 and Khl5N60, which were obtained industrially in
the form of a'wire 3.5 mm in diameter. Specimens encased in
ampoules containing Na to ensure an oxygen-free atmosphere
.were maintained for 5 hours in a silit-resistor furnace at a
temperature of lZ000C, after which they were cooled to 11000
within one hour, maintained at that temperature for one hour,
and then were either quenched in water or allowed to cool at a
specified rate. At temperatures below 4000 the heat treatment
was performed in sealed Cu cartridges. At higher temperatures
the samples were maintained either in a Sn bath, or in quartz
ampoules. Temperatures were measured by means of a Pt-Pt-Rh
Card 1/2 thermocouple. In order to study the effect of deformation on the

137-58-3-5865
Investigation of Structural Transformations (cont. )
properties of alloys,, the specimens were subjected to reduction amounting to
98 percent. The effect of vari ous heat treatment procedures and of cold
deformation on the properties of alloys, as well as the kinetics of trans-
formation, were studied by means of measuring microhardness and electrical
resistivity; the latter was measured by a null method on a potentiometer bridge.
In addition, the Ob and Is were measured and rr@ic rostructural analysis and
dilatometric studies were performed on a Chevenard dilatometer under con-
ditions of continuous heati-ig and cooling. It is shown that common aging with
carbide separation occurs in the alloys investigated together with intraphase
transformations in which no separation occurs and which are accompanied by
changes inniicros1ruc'ture, increases in microhardness and in electrical
resistivity, and decreases in the permanent solid-solution lattice. In the case
of the KhZON60 alloy, both these processes are separated. Activation energies
of the intraphase transformation process were calculated from changes in
electrical resistivity, and were found to be 43, 300 cal/g-atom for the KhZON80
alloy, and 66, 800 cal/g-atom for the Khl5N60 alloy. If the Kh2ON80 alloy con-
tains 0.07 percent of C, the activation energy increases to a value of 55,600
cal/g-atom. It is postulated that regions enriched with Cr are formed wi ,thin
the lattice of the solid solution as a result of the intrdphase transformations.
V.R.
Card Z/2

137-58-6-11802
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 6, p 86 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Livshits, B,G., Shishko, L.A., Lakhman, N.G.
TITLE: The Quality of Steel Smelted in a Recirculation Oven (Kachestvo
stali, vyplavlennoy v retsirkulyatsionnoy pechi)
PERIODICAL: Sb. Mosk. in-t stali, 1957, Nr 37, pp 395-418
ABSTRACT: An investigation is made of the quality of St 23 steel made in
experimental heats and of St 3, 30, 40, 45, and Armco steels
made in a recirculation oven using air with up to 50-801o 02,
not preheated. The steel of the test heats corresponded in
quality to the GOST (All-Union State Standards) and was dis-
tinguished from open-hearth steel by higher homogeneity,
superiority of mechanical and phys.-cal properties along the
length of the ingot, low [P) (which was 0.004-0.0087o in Armco
steel), but elevated [0] . The test steel differed little from
open-hearth steel in [ NJ and [H) . Bibliography: I reference.
A.Sh.
1. Steel--Production 2. Steel.--Test results
3. Furances--Effectiveness
Card 1/1

. . ............
Eli
n@
tis r
W.U
6918j
SOV/137-59-12-27205
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 12, pp 205 - 206 (USSR)
I E, 1250 116,1 100
AUTHORS: Livshitss B.G.. Kossakovskaya, N.N., Ibragimov, Sh.Sh., Avraamov, Yu.S.
TITLE: Investigation Into Phase and Structure Transformations of "EI437" Alloy
PERIODICAL: Tr. Sektsii metalloved. i term. obrabotki metallov, Tsentr. pravl. Nauchno-
tekhn. o-va mashinostroit. prom-sti, 1958, Nr 1, PP 140 - 154
ABSTRACT% The authors carried out investigations of "E1437" alloy subJected to
various types of heat treatment and having the following composition
(in P: C 0.05, Si 0.43, Mn 0.24, s 0.003, P 0.005, Ce 0.02, Cr
20.55, T1 2.44, Al 0.79, Cu 0.004, Fe 0.56; the remainder was N1.
Electric resistance was measured on "UPN3/2" and "UTV-2" machines during
the heating process and at room temperatures; measurements were made on
a capacity dilatometer; the temperature dependence of heat capacity was
determined by the Sykes (Sayks) method; the phase composition of electro-
lytically separated deposits was determined by the roentgenographical,
microscopical and electron-microscopical methods. Moreover, endurance
tests were performed. Heat treatment of specimens consisted of quench-
Card 1/2 hardening with subsequent controlled cooling-off at various rates. Higriest

69181
SOV'/137-59-12-27205
Investigation Into Phase and Structure Transformations of "E1437" Alloy
hardness values were obtained if the cooling rate was 160 degrees/hour, corresponding
to a sufficiently complete isolation of the separating phases and to not too excessive
a coagulation. The electron-midrosnopical investigations showed that the separation
and coagulation of the strengthening @11-phase was more intensive during continuous
cooling-off from high temperatures than during tempering of a supercooled solution; the
particle dimensions depended on the cooling rate. In slow cooling a hexagonal phase
was revealed together with the -C '-phase. Measurement of the temperature dependence
of specific heat capacity and measurements of electric resistance and dilatometrical
data, showed that two processes took place: namely, within the 700 - 90016C temperature
range, a process connected with the formation of a phase in the solid solution, and a
process of developing a K-state below 700OC; whose thermal effect was equal to
1.35 cal/g. The first process shifted the maximum of the K-state formation slightly
towards the lower temperature side. It Is assumed that the origination of the K-state
is due to the formation of Guinier-Preston type zones in areas with increased concen-
tration of alloying elements; it is characterized by the occurrence of a specific
micro-relief. There are 12 bibliographical titles. A/@/
V.R.
Card 2/2

SOV/137-59-1- 1097
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1, p 149 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Van'-Zhun', Livshits, B.G.
TITLE: The K-state and the Phenomenon of Recovery Upon Aging
(K-sostoyaniye i yavleniye vozvrata pri starenii)
PERIODICAL: Nauchn. dokl. vyssh. shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 1. pp 169-
174
ABSTRACT: The authors studied aging in the 3 00 - 9000 C temperature range of
the Fe-Ni-Nb alloy after quenching in water from 11500. Upon
aging in a low temperature range (300 - 6000) the electrical
resistivity and hardness increase, while the saturation magnetization
decreases, which indicates the appearance of a K-state. In the high
temperature range the changes of the properties exhibit a reverse
character indicating an aging process accompanied by the separation
of a second phase, which fact is verified by metallographic analysis.
The activation energy of the low-temperature process is
- 40, 000 cal/g-atom, that of the high- temperature process is
- 71, 000 cal/g-atom, i. e. , both are diffusion processes - The
Card 1/2 authors also examined the phenomenon of the recovery of properties

The K-state and the Phenomenon of Recovery Upon Aging
SOV/137-59-1-1097
after aging with a short (5-sec) heating to 7000. A complete recovery of the
properties is detected only prior to the separation of a second phase. Both proc-
esses examined develop independently and can proceed simultaneously.
L. V.
Card 2 /2

AUTHORS: Yeliseyev, S. A., Livshits, B. G. SOV/163-58-1-32/53
TITLE: The Comparison Between the K-State and the "Increasing Diffusion"
in Some Iron Alloys (Sravneniye k-sostoyaniya i "voskhodyashchey
diffuzii" v nekotorykh zheleznykh splavakh)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly. Metallurgiyat 1958, Nr 1,
PP 175-181 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The effects K-state and "increasing diffusion" are two phenomena
occurring in the steel melt.
The formation of the K-state in iron alloys is characteristic
Of- the increase in the electric =esistance and the simultaneous
increase in the hardness of the alloys.
The "increasing diffusion" effect is also characterized by an
increasing hardness and a decreasing electric resistance in the
alloys.
The two effects K-state and "increasing diffusion" were in-
vestigated and the differences were explained.
In alloys in which no K-state occurs after annealing and
hardening such an effect does not occur after deformation.
There are 4 figures, 2 tables, and 11 references, 6 of which
Card 1/2 are Soviet.

SOV/163-58-1-32/53
The Comparison Between the X-State and the "Increasing Diffusion" in S0=9
Iron Alloys
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute)
SUBMITTED: October 1, 1957
Card 2/2

.AUTHORS: Livsh-I'lis, B. G., 21akhuko-7,., N. G. BOV/163-58-2-43/46
TITLE: Invest-igating the Hardening of the Cold-Deformad Alloy WHIM,
(Isaledo-vaniye otpusks, kholodnodeformirovannogo splava. X4QNJW,
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady rysshey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 4,958, Nr 2,
pp..239-.242 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: To investigate the micro structure of the oold-deformed ajjoys@,
with 0905% carbon After the hardening to 6000C the Alloy Adrj6k,-:
was used. The influence of the temperature of hardening on the
extent of internal friction in-the alloys of the type K40NMM-@!@@'W-`-
investigated. In the curves plotted a maximum jump may be found
at 300-3500C. This maximum is'dependent on the relative mixing
of the carbon and the atoms of molybdenum and tungsten. The
extent of the maximum increases with the increase of the carbon
concentration and the extent of deformation. The separation of
molybdenum and tungsten formed decreases this maximum in the
hardening after cold.treatment. The investigations showed that
in the alloys of the type K4CNKhM in the case of a hardening
after riveting processes take place which are analogous to the
processes occurring in the alloys Ni-Cr, Fe-Al, Fe-Sig-Fe-Ni-Mop
Card 1/2 and which are analogous to the process of natural aging' in

SOV/163-58-2-43/46
.Investigating the Hardeding of the Cold-Deformed Alloy X4CNM2W
aluminium ailoysv In the in-7estigations of the internal friction
carbou occurs as indicator in the formation of the K-state of
thealloye. Thara*are 4 figures@ I table, and 11 references,
10 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: MoAcvskiy institut stali (Mosoow Institute of Steel)
Inatitut pretsizionnykh splavov TsWIIChM (Institute of Precision
Alloys of the TsNIIChM)
SUBMITTED: November 25, 1,957
Card 2/2

0-3
AUTHORS: Livshits, B, G. , llulyuller, IT. 17. SOV/1 - :58-3-33/49
TITLE: The Investigation of the Phase Equilibrium in the System
Cobalt - Chromium - Aluminum (Issledovaniye fazovogo
ravnovesi5-a v sisteme kobal't - khrom - alyuminiy)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysahey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1958,
Nr 3, pp 2ol - 2o6 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper the diagram of the phase equi-
librium in the system Co-Cr-Al was determined. Within
the range of concentration of the triangle Cj-Cr-Al
the ranges of the af-0 -phase were investigated based
on the results obtained; this was done by constructing
the three isothermal sections at 12500 , 10000 and 800".
Furthermore the phase equilibrium at 12500, 10000 and
8000 C was investigated. The samples investie-ated
were maintained at the respective temperatures for
1) ',)16 and 128 hours. The-investigations were carried
out by micro-stru,-tural analyses and x-ray structural
analyses, as well as by determining their microhirdness.
Card 112 All alloys investigated may be divided into two groups:

The Investigation of t-e Phase Equilibrium in the SO V/16; 3- 5
S,,stem Cobalt '- Ch'r0r-LUM - Aluminum
in homol'reneous and heterogeneous alloys. The latter
have two and three phases. The results obtained
made po:3sible the determination of the limiting
phase ranUes in the investigation of the temperatures
for the cobalt corners of the diagram Co-Cr-Al. 0
When the temperature is decreased from 12500 to 1000 C
the phane range a+Q widens with an increase of the
aluminura content, the mono-phase range of C decreases
with an int-rease of the chromium content, and the
0
phase range of F_ is lar,@,er at 12500 than at 1O'V('
There are 1 figure, 1 table, and 4 references, 1 of
whic'* ill loviet.
ASSOCIATION: Vloskovokiy inctitut stali (Moocow Steel Institute)
SUB?;,'ITTE;D:' October 1, 1957
Cax-d 2/2

-LIVSHITS, B. G. and VAN YBUN I
,@Research on the Effect of Recovery of Characteristics by Aging of Alloys on
Foundation of Iron"
Moscow Institute of Steel and Peking Inst. Ferrous Metallurgy
Acta Met&llurgica Sinica)- Vol 3, No 2, June 1958, p 128

78-3 - 3- 26/47
AUTHORSs Livehits, B. G. Khorin, Ya. D.
.TITLEs Investigations of the Diagram of the Phase Equilibrium in the
System Co-Cr-Ti Issledovaniye diagrammy fazovogo ravnovesiya
sistemy Co-Cr-Ti@
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Xhimii,1958,Vol.3, JTr 3,pp.685-.693
(17SSR)
ABSTRACT: In this work the diagram for the phase equilibrium in the
system Co-Cr-Ti with a chromium content of up to 55 % and
a titanium content of up to 45 % was investigated. The
alloysVere produced of purest electrolytically produced
chromiumg pulverulent titanium and cobalt in a cruclble
tungsten furnace of the type TBB-,2 in a vacuum and argon
atmosphere. In the phase-equilirbium diagram of the system
Co-Cr the boundary between the solid solution of chromium
in cobalt and the a-phase were determined. It is only in
the alloys with 36 - 37 % that a smaller quantity of the
c'-phase occurs. The experiments showed that the 6'-phase
in the system Co-Cr directly forms from the liquid me3t. The
Card 1/3 phase-equilibrium diagram of the system Co-CoTi was also

78-3 - 3-26/47
Investigations of the Diagram of the Phase Equilibrium in the System Co-Cr-Ti
constructed. The microetructure and X-ray analyses showed
that the Co-Ti alloys with a Ti-aontent of up to 7 - 8 14
consist of the F,-phase. (Solid solution of titanium in hexa-
gonal cobalt). The X-ray investigations with 28,30 % and
32 % titanium showed that the compound Co 2Ti possesses an
hexagonal modification. The phase-equilibrium diagram of
the system Cr-Ti is characterized by its solid solution of
titanium in chromium and the Qompound Cr 2Ti. By isothermal
sections at 750, 900 and 1050"'C the authors constructed
the boundary of the phase regions in the ternary diagrams
of the phase equilibrium of the system Co-Cr-Ti with a
chromium content of up to 55 % and a titanium content of up
to 45 %- In the investigated parts of the phase equililrium
diagram of the system Co-Cr-Ti the following phases occurs
1) The phase of the solid solution of chromium and titanium
in cobalt.
2) The 6-phase with a maximum quantity of titanium (10-15%),
on addition of titanium no marked modification of the hard--
ness of this phase occurs.
3j The phase of the compound (Co, Cr )2 T1
4 The phase of the compound CoTi.
Card 2/3 This phase dissolves in itself 1,5 - 2 % chromium.

f 78-3 3-26/47
Ipvestigations of the Diagram of the Phase Equilibrium in the System Co-Cr-Ti
5) The chemical compound with approximately the following com-
positions Cc Cr Ti. There are 5 figures, 2 tablesp and 9
referenceag i oi which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali im. 1. V. Stalins.
(Moscow Institut for Steel imeni I. V. Stalin)
SM3MITTEDt June 25, 1957
Card 3/3

16(7)
AUTHORS: Myghitq. Bt_ G., Makhukov, ff. C. SOV/163-58-4-28/47
TITLE: Kinetics and Mechanism of Structural Change in Annealing a
Cold-Worked Alloy of the K40NIG&Type (Kinetika i mekhanizm
strukturnogo prevrashcheniya pri otpuske
kholodnodeformirovannogo splava tips, K40NKhM)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly, Metall'ar-iya, 1958, Nr 4,
pp 169-173 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Examination of spring alloys of the K40NXhM type with a
Co-Cr-Ni-Fe basis permitted (Ref 1) an analogy between the
processes taking place during the heat treatment of these
austenitic alloys and those occurring during the heat
treatment of other one-phase alloys such as Ni-Cr, Fe-Al,
Fe-Siq Fe-Ni-Mo. A maximum is observed at 400-5000 on the
hardness, elastic limit, and electric resistance curves of
cold-worked alloys of the K40NKhM type as functions of the
annealing temperature. The electric resistance curve of the
alloys has a maximum also after hardening with annealing.
The chief results of the examination of kinetics of the
annealing process are given. The occurrence of maxima on the
Card 1/3 kinetic curves points to proceases in the alloy that - at

Kinvtics and Mechanism of Structural Change SOV/163-58-4-28/47
in Annealing a Cold-Ifforked Alloy of the K40XKhM-Type
isothermal retardation - are opposite as to their influence
on properties. In the opinion of the authors, the formation
of the K-stata leads to an increase of hardness. The
electric resistance increases due to a reduction of mobility
of the electrons (Refs 6,, 7). The forming zones have
dimensions in the order of magnitude of the free path of
electrons, increasing thoir straying. A partial softening of
the alloy at isothermal retardation is connected with the
course of the recovery process after cold hardening. This is
confirmed by the dilatomettric curves at isothermal
retardation, and by the curves of the actual elongation
factor and relative elongation. It is shown that in a
hardened (not cold hardened) alloy with the structure of a
more or less homogenous solid solution only one process takes
place in heating (formation of the K-state occurs up to 5500,
and a gradual destruction of the same at a temperature between
550 and 6500). The second process (the recovery) is missing.
It is shown that cold hardening greatly reduces the elastic
modulus (in the given caso by 20 %), and therefore the
Card 2/3 interatomic binding powern too. Subsequent annealing at

Xirzetics and Mechanism of Structural Change SOV/163-58-4-28/47
in Annealing a Cold-'forked Alloy of the K40NKhM-Type
different temperatures (for 4 hours) increases the
elastic modulus. This is connected with the formation of
the zone of Ginlye-Preston's type (K-state). There are
5 figures and 11 references, 4 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute)
Institut pretsizionnykh a.plavov TsNI1ChM (Institute of
Refined Alloys of the Central Scientific Research Institute of
Ferrous Metallurgy)
SUBMITTED: December 28, 1957
Card 313

SOV/126-6-1-15/33
AUTHORS: Avraamov,, Yu. S., Belyakoir, L. N. and Livshits B G
9ITLE: Internal Friction Peaks ill Ni-Cr Base Solid Solutions
(Piki vnutrennego treniya v tverdykh rastvorakh na
baze nikell-khroma)
PERIODICAL:-Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1958,, Vol 6, Nr 1,
PP 116-121 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The alloys used were 20% Cr) 0.05016 C, balance Ni, and
20% Crj 2.48% Ti, 0.68% Al, 0.03% C, balance Ni
(nichrome and nimonic respectively). Torsional
oscillations in vacuo, using an appe-ratus not described,
were employed. Fig.1 shows.the effect of variable
grain size (produced by quenching from variouB
temperatures) on the internal fried.on-temperature curve
for nimonic (up to Z50 0C :; two peakzt; are found, at
150 (A) and 650-660 C (E respectively. The latter is
caused by grain. boundary displacement. Fig.2 gives
similar curves for nimonic of low and high carbon
contents, the latter after quenching and ageing, Fig.3
shows the same for nimonic. containing varying amounts of
Ti. From these results it; is concluded that the A peak
Card 1/2. is related to the presence. of Ti, as no deformation is

SO@/126-6-1-15/33
Internal Friction Peaks in Ni-Cr base solid solutions
involvedl and the pea-a rises with Ti content. The
exact shape of the peak 113 affected by ggeing at 520'C
and completely removed by ageing at 575 C for eight
hours. Fig.4 illustrates the results of applying
various heat-treatments to the alloy-, The effects are
related to the formation of a K-state in the,,al solid
solution. The fact that the A peak tends to split into
two separate peaks, which behave differentl7, is not,
however, discussed.
There are 4 figures and 3 references, 5 of which are
Soviet, 3 English.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institUt Btali (Moscow Steel Institute)
SUBMITTED: October 22, 1956
1. Nickel alloys-.-Physical properties 2. Nickel alloys--
Mechanical properties 3. Grains (Metallurgy)--Metallurgical
Card 2/2 effects 4. Titanium--Matallurgical effects

SOV/126-6-4-12/34
AUTHOR: Yelixeyev, S.A.,

Investigation of Phase Transformations in Certain
Irom-Base Alloys (Issladovani-ye fazovykh prevrashchenjy
v nekotorykh zheleznykh splavakh)
PERICDICAL:Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1958, Vol 6,
Nr 41 pp 657-661 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: There are large numbers of alloys which, in spite of
the fact that aceordiftg to metallogmaphic evidence they
consist (within a wide temperature interval) of one
phase only, may, in. this temperaturto m2ga, undergo
transformations accompanied by changes of their various
properties. Alloys of the composition corresponding to
the fox=A" Ni7
'* (Ref.l)l Ni3Fe (Raf.2) and. many
A
d
di
l
son
er-oidbr liranAformation..
llo a
others, un
ergo a
of the "Nichroso" " containiug 2(@-301% Or (Ref.394g851
the iron-base alloys with 36% Ki and 1-8% Mo and
certain otber materials are characterized by a
structural condition, stable at low temperatures and
Card 1/7 referred to as the K-state. The disorder-ordtr

SOV/12E,414.40.2/3,:L ,-@
Investigation of Thase Transformatio" in C#rtairL Irca-Base ;Illoys
traasformations are accompanied by & denrears of th'!
electrical resistivity of the alloy, ihile a
transformation from the normal to the K-stato rasultz
in an increase of this property. In bqbh caseki
hardness is increased and- jom* otbor proportlos are
also affected. For otmiouis --*&sons, frisodor- from
transformations of this type is very important in the
case of single-phase alloys urzed for the prepawation
of wixe strain-gauges, and tba ob set of the present
investigation was to ascertain whether such
transfoxnations occur ir. caurbain iroji-base alloys.
The main alloying coastit,,'@aat, of the 5 Investigated
alloys was vanadium (8-14%). Alloys Yo,.3 and 4
Ue
contained in additlon 2-3.5 vnd 2,9% zolybd6uiun, iyhl
alloy HO-5 contained 1-15% alliminium. The carbon
content of the alloys, whoze complete chemical
analysis is given on p 658, did not exceed 0,035%,
Riga purity =tale were used for the preparation of the
Card 2/7 alloys which were melted in argon, in a R.Ye -induction

SOV/126-4@_-4t-12/34
Investigation of Phase Transformations in Cortain Iron-Base Alloys
furnace. After a homogenising treatment the cast
ingots were forged to 8 = diameter rods from which one
group of experimental to-at pieces were prepared. In the
first series of oxperinvints, the as-forged specimens
placed in evacuated ampoules and quenched from 11500C
were aged for 4 hrs at temperatures ranging from
350 to 6500C, and hardness 1j , electrical resistivity
and magnetic saturation 4TIJ; of the alloys both in the
quencbed condition and after ageing weiv measured. The
results reproduced graphically on Fig.1 ishow that in the
case of alloys No.1,2,3 and 4 (the Fa-V and Fe-V-Mo
alloys) the beat treatment had no effect on any of the
investigated properties. Since no charaeteriatic poin@vis
wei* obserted on the dilatometric curves taken on the
specimens of theme alloys heated and cooled at the rate
of approx 200/minutot and since in all Intown cases the
Aizozder-order transformation and the transformAtion
leading to the formation of the K-state occur in the
temperature range employed in the present investigation,
the experimental results more taken to indicate that no
Card 3/7 such transformations occur in these 4 alloys. On the

SOV/12"--4-12/34
Investigation of Phase Transformations in Certain Iron-Bass Alloys
other hand, the electric&l resixtivity of alloy No.5
(the Fe-Y-Al alloy) was slightly increased after ageing
which indicated a small K-stat* effect, caused evidently
b Imirlil-IM to K& Tin-sui
gethe i addition. According
f.9 ), the causes and lahe mechanism of the onset of the
K-stato are the same as those of-the Konob*7*vsk:!-
RobeuAki effects Imown, also under the name..of "anabatic
diffusion" (Ref.6 and 7)9 the only difference being
that in the latter phenomenon the atoisic segregation
takes place in the strain field whilo this K-stato is
associated with.atomic segregatlon in the regions
surrounding dislocations.' On the other hand, Hasiguti
(Ref.10) who atudiud "anabatic diffusion" in plabtically
deformed brass -oostulated that this effect is also
caused by atomic segregation in the vicinity of
dislocations. If this were true, the changes of
various properties duo to both effects:@should be the
same. Howover, while the onset of the K-stat* is
accompanied by an increase of both haxdnezz and
Olect.rlcal regiativity, intensive "anabatic diffusion" -
Card 4/7 which also rtaults in an increase of hardness when a

SOV/126-6_4_a2/34
Investigation of Mass Transformations in Cortain Iron-Bass Alloys
plastically deformed alloy is annealed in a certain
temperature range below the recrystallisation temperature
has been shown on the example of aluminium bronze (Ref-7)
to cause a decrease of electrical resistivity. In order
to asce:Ltain whether the same applies in the case of
other materials, and to find out whether an alloy in
which no K-state is observed after quenching and r.6*ing
is free drom this affect also when ann*aled after having
boon plastically deformed, the investigated iron-bass
alloys, previously subjected to 40% plastic deformation,
were annealed at 400 and 450OC9 and the variation of
their hardness and electrical resistivity (Hv and?) was
measured, the time-depondence of these prcportios being
reproduced graphically' on Fig.2 and 3- No evidence of
"Anabatic diffusion" was found in the case of alloy No.l.
.bat it was observed in alloys No.2, 3 and 4 whose Hv
increased and p decreased during the annealing
treatment. In alloy No.5. the increase of HV was
accompanied by a slight (1%) increase of 9 . which
indicated that in this case th* tranafontiavion fron
Card 5/7 nommal to the K-stato had oZeured. It was concluded

SOV/126-6-,4-.i2/34
Investigation of Phase Transformations iii-Certain Iron-Bass Alloys
from. these results that: (i) Alloys in which no
t=Lsformation to K-state occurs during &gaing of
previously quanchod specimens, are also free from this
offect while beingannealed after having been subjected
to eQldq plastic @Leformatioa. (ii) The effects of a
transformation from, normal to the K-state are different
from those of "anitbatic diffusion". (iii) In iron-base
alloys which contain elezents characterised-by the
bod;y-centred cubic crystal lattice, and in which no
elements crystallising in the face-centred cubic lattice
are present, the transformation from noimal tc the
Card 6/7

SOV/126-6-k-!2/34
lavestigation of Pbase Transf ormationA in Certain Iron-Baso Alloys
K-stato does not occur. There are 3 figures, 1 table
and 11 references of which 6 are Soviet, 3 English ind
2 German.
ASSOCILTION: Moskovskiy Institut Stali Imoni I.V.Stalina
(Moscow Steel Institute imenj I.V.Stalin)
SUBMITND: 18th June 195? -
card ?/?

4,, vsY 1 -rs@
Relax on 9Z@.WroenVertaffl'on d Alloys SOV-3-58-9-25/36
an
2 4 Apr 56', at Moscow Inc. of Steel.
manganese and molybdenum. I.N. Chernikova (Moscow Institute
of Steel),,B.G. Livehits and N.C. Makhukov (Moscow Institute
of Steel arfil Groznyy Petroleum Institute) told of processes
of annealing in different alloys. Reports on the internal
friction of "metastable" solid solutions were delivered by
B.G. Livshits, Yu.S. Avraamov, S.O. Mezhennaya, V.B. Osven-
skiy, and L.N. Belyakov (Moscow Institut@,,of Steel). T.M.
Ashmarin (Moncow Institute of Steel) reported on the tempera-
ture dependence of internal friction of iron alloys Kith
vanadium. The reports of K. Mishek and K. Toman (Institute
of Technical Physics of the Czechoslovakian Academy of Scien-
ces, Prague)l G.K. Malltseva and V.S. Postnikov (Kemerovo
Pedagogical Institute) were devoted to the decomposition of
supersaturated solid solutions. L.F. Usova (Moscow Institute
of Steel), A#V._,Grin1q V.A. Pavlov (Institute of Physics of
Metals USSR AS in Sverdlovsk), R.S. Lebedev and V.S. Post-
nikov (Kemerovo Pedagogical Institute), 0.1. Datskot R.I.
Garber, T.T. Mogillnikova (the latter two of the Physico-
Teohnioal Institute, UkrSSR AS in Khar1kov) and N.S. Borisov
*and V.M. Rozenberg (Institute for the Science of Metals and
Physics of Metal TsNIIChM) delivered reports on a number of
related subjects. S.O. Tsobkallo (Leningrad Polytechnical
VOst- VYsbh- Shkoly, 9, 72-3., 1958,

AUTHORS% Avramnov, Yu. S: I Livshits3, 2. S SOV148-22-10-19123
Oavenak-y, V. B
TITLE: Modification of Structural Transformations in PermalloyDai-Ing
A13.oykg With Molybdenum (Izmeneniye strukturnykh
prevrashcheniy v permalloye pri legirovanii molibdenom)
PERIODICALs Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheakaya, 1958,
Vol 22, Nr 10, pp 1263 - 1268 (USSR)
ABSTRACOT: On the basis of measurements of the electric resistance,
of the strength, of the temperature dependence of the
intornal friction, and of the saturation magnetization in
the present paper the nature of the structural transforma-
tions in Fe-Ni-11o alloys was explained and the critical
temperature range was exactly defined. The examined alloys
are listed in the table. The information collected permits
to draw the following oonclusionst In the hardened solid
alloy the molybdenum atoms are in the free state. For this
reason under the influence of the external strains a co-
ordination takes place without hindrance, iee. a new orienta-
tion of the atom-pairs of molybdenum (according to the model
Card 1/3 by Siner). When the alloy is worked unto the K-state, zones

Modification of Structural Transformations inBa%,.YZ2.uy SOV/48-22-10-19/23
DOXIM A33b7IM With Molybdenum
(of the type of the Guinet (Ginlye) - Preston zones)
containing the molybdenum atoms are formed. The alloy
beh.ves as if an intraphaae saparation had taken place in
it. The molybdenum atoms in this case are no longer in the
free state and therefore cannot participate in the ooordina-
tion under the action of a strain. Therefore the maximum
of the internal friction initially decreases and in the case
of a protracted tempering completely disappears. The measure-
ments of the internal friction showed that the molybdenum
atoms in the case of the formation of the K-state apparently
are removed from the solid solution. This fact proves that
in solid solutions during the process of tempering zones
are forming which contain the molybdenum atoms and which in
their composition differ from the basic solid solution. The
investigation of the temperature dependence of Young's
modulus in Fe-Ki-No alloys shoft that this modulus increases
when the K-state forms. There are 5 figures, 1 table, and
11 references, 7 of which are Soviet.
Card 2/3

Modific.Rtinn of Structural Transformations inloermailo;r SOV/48-22-10-19/23
DMdM 423AYIM vVith MolAdeallm
ASSOCIATION3 Laboratoriya metallografii Moskovskogo institute, stali
imeni 1. V. Stalina (Laboratory of Metallography of rhe
Moscow Institute of Steel imeni I. V. Stalin)
Card 3/3

"Profs. doktor tekhn. nauk; KOSSAICOVSKAUg W.Ne, kand. takhn.
nauk. -
Investigating the kinetics of dissociation and the heat-resistance
of MMCM allo7g.' Sbor. Insts Btali Do,38:433-450 158.
(MIRA 1188)
1. Kafadxa metallografii Moskovskogo institute. stali im. Stalina,
(Chromium-nickel-titanium alloys-Yetallography)
(Heat-resistant alloys)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/4062
Livshits, B.G., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Fizicheskiye svoystva metallov i splavov (Physical Properties of
Metals and Alloys) [4th ed., rev.] Moscow, Mashgiz, 1959. 368 p.
Errata slip inserted. No. of copies printed not given.
Reviewer: Ye.I. Kondorskiyp Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Pro-
fessorj Ed,t A.G. RakhBhtadt, Candidate of Technical eiences.,
Docentj Managing Ed. for Literature on Metalworking and Machine-
Tool Construction (Mashgiz)t R.D. Beyzellman, Engineer.
PURPOSE: This textbook is intended for students of schools of higher
technioal education specializing in metallurgy. It may also be use-
ful to staff members of plant laboratories and scientific research
institutes.
COVERAGE: The book deals with therMLI, volumetric,, magnetic., eleetri-
cal, elastio, and other properties of metals and alloys. Emphasis
is given to the relationship between physical properties and compo-
Card l/7

*?hysical Properties (Cont.)
SOV/4062
sition and structure. The use of physical methods for solving
problems in metallography and heat treatment of metals and alloys
is also discussed. Chapter IX was written by Candidate of Techni-
cal Sciences Yu.V. Piguzov; pages 312-315 of Chapter VII were
written by Candidate of Technical Sciences N.A. Solov'yeva. There
are 392 references, primarily Soviet, English.,and German.
TABLE OF CONTENTSi
Preface 3
Ch. I. Metallic Elements and Compounds 5
Solid solvitione 12
Intermediate phases 14
Chemical compounds 19
Ch. II. Heat Capacity and Enthalpy 21
Basic quantities and relationships 21
Methods of calorimetric and thermal analysis 22
Thermal properties of metals 33
Thermal properties of alloys 46
Card 2/7

18(3)t 18M 3G7/1 61?;-59-1-33/5o
AUTHORS: wazli Jun Liv--hits, B, G. , Usikov, 1.1. P.
TITLE: Rehabdlitation Phenomena After Aging in the Alloy N;@6KIiT
(Yavieniye Yozvrata svoystv posle stareniya splava 1,136Kh,T-,)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysehey shkoly. Metallurgiyat 1959,
Nr 1, Pp 17o - 174 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The investiCation of the non-mag
,,netic corrosion resistant
s-ring alloy N36KhT (Ref 1) showed that after hardrning at
temperatures above 9000 an oversaturated solid solution
was forined. A consolidation occurs if the alloy is aged
afterwards. The consolidating phase is the intermediate
phase of the (11i,Fe) Ti-type -,-rith a heNaoonal lattice. The
electric resistance 9f the alloy increases in the initial
ctaje of a6ing at 4CO-6000, and decreases at higher temper-
atures. This anomalous phenomenon has for th.-. -rir.,;t time
been discovered in Al-Cu alloys (Ref 2). The constituents
of the alloy un.--er consideration are as follo,.-.,s: 34.5','o Ni,
Card 1/0 12.43@ Cr, 3.62@@ Ti, remainder Fe. The maximum increase
.3

Rehabilitation Phenomena After A,,ring in the Alloy 1136UT SCV/1167-59-1-7J3/50
of the electric resistance was found at 400-500 0 and a
haltina time of 15 houvs. If aging is carried out above
6000 the electric reziatance decreases reaching its mininum
value at 7000. The metallographic analysis sho-wred tlat the
consolidating phase separates only at 5COO and above. Hence
it appears that during aginE, two processes occur in the -
alloy N36KhT, which, howevcr, cannot clearly be distinguished
in the temperature citrve. In order to determine the nature
of the process at lo-,,,er tem@@eraturos the influence cf cold
working upon the proporties of the samrles -aas investiLatcd.
The rehabilitation ghenomena were invcstizated after aging
at 400, 450 and 500 . This effect was also ascertained with
the help of a dilatometer. The investiZ:ations allow to ma"ite
the following statements: The aging process in the alloy
N36KhT proceeds in two stalres. At 400-500 0 it is primarily
that of a formation of the K-state, whereas at ter.1-craLures
above 500 0 the (Ili, Fe) Ti-phase is primarily separated.
The increase of the hardaese and of @he electric resistance
by aging at 550-5500 is basically due to the K-state. This
Card 2 structural state is removed by cold workinC. An at;ing at 5000

Rehabilitation Phenomena After Aging in the Alloy N36KhT SOV/1634-519-1-33/5o
after cold working leads to a rehabilitation of this ztate.
The anomalous rise of the electric resistance due to aging at
low temperatures is apparently a reoult of an independent
process (the formation of the x-state) and not a result of
the preparation for the separation of the second phase. The
incomplete rehabilitation of properties indicates that by
a short-term heating to high temperatures the K-state is
destroyed, whereas the separations of the second phase are
stable. A comparison of the results obtained in this work
with earlier results (Ref 6) shows that in 1136KhT the same
processes occur during aging as in Invar steel alloyed with
niobium. A comparison of the aging process in alloys of
the Fe-Mo-, Fe-W-, and Fe-M-11b systems (Rei's 6,7) with that
of N36KhT indicates that the rehabilitation of properties
is found in such alloys, in which an anomalous modifica-
tion of properties (primarily of the elect:.-ic resistance)
occur in the intial stage of aging, which is connected with
the formation of the K-state. There are 4 figures and 7
references, 4 of which are Soviet.
Card
Ot". ljos-r

1-3(3), 18(7)
AUTHORS: Livshits. B. G., Makhukov, N. G. SOV163-59-1-34/50
TITLE: Mechanism of Structural Transformations Oocurring During the
Drawing of Cold-worked Alloys of the Type K40KM
(Mekhanizm strukturnogo prevrashchaniya pri otpuske
kholodnodeformirovannykh splavov tipa K40NKhM)
PERIODICALs Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1,
pp 174-178 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The drawing of cold-worked spring alloys of the type K40NKhM
at 400-5000 lei@ds to an increase in hardness, to a rise of the
proportional limit, of the electric resistance and of Young's
modulus. In other papers (Refs 1, 2) the authors voiced the
opinion that by drawing the temper of these alloys a K-state
results. This state is characterized by the existence of
segregates of homogeneous atoms of the Gi.-alye-Preston zone type.
By using the dilatometric method it was demonstrated that in
drawing cold-worked alloys of the K40NKhM type two processes
are released. They result in a reduction of the volume and of
the strain coefficient. From the information gained by
measurements of internal friction (Ref 1) it was assumed that
Card 1/3 the K-state in alloys of a K40NKhM type consists in the

Mechanism of Structural Transformations Occurring SOV/163-59-1-34/50
During the Drawing of Cold-worked Alloys of the
type K40NKhM
formation of segregations of molybdenum end tungsten atoms.
Two alloys were investigateds the Co-Cr-NI.-Fe basis of the
K40NKhM alloy, and the same basis, to which molybdenum was
alloyed additionally. The investigation showel that an addition
of molybdenum facilitates the formation of a K-state in the
alloy, and that in this process also other atoms (probably
chromium) participate. A similar influence is also exerted by
molybdenum upon the elastic limit of the alloys. After drawing
at 5000 the elastic limit of a molybdenum alloy increases from
110 to 160 kg/mm2. If the drawing temperature is increased
the elastic limit is reduced. The data collected demonstrate
that the high elastic limit of such an alloy is due to the
molybdenum (and tungsten) content of the solid solution. An
increase of the electric resistance, whiph is typical of the
K-state, was found in the molybdenum alloy. In the alloy
containing no molybdenum no anomalous increase of the electric
resistance was found. In conclusion it is said that the
Card 2/3 improvement of the elastic properties cezi mainly be ascribed to

'Mechanism of Structural Transformations Occurring SOVI 6 3- 5 9-1 - 34/5 0
During the Drawing of Cold-worked Alloys of the
Type K40NKhM
the presence of molybdenum in the alloy and that the carbon
constituent plays only a minor part in the increase of
Young's modulus and of the electric resistance due to drawing.
There are 3 figures, I table, and 2 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONj Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Stael Institute)
SUBMITTEDs May 20, 1958
Card 3/3

18M SOV,/163-59-2-42/48
AUTHORS: Wang Jim I Llvshils, 3- G.
TITLE: Phenomena of Recovery Properties After Aging of the Alloys
Fe-Mo and Fe-W (Yavleniye vozvrata avoystv poole stareniya
splavov Fe-Mo i Fe-W)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly. Metallurgiya@ 1959@
fir 2, pp 227-232 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The recovery of properties after aging nas investigated in
the systemsFe-Mo (21 and 13'i@ Mo) and Fe-W (16 and 9@5 W).
The samples were hardened and then tempered at different
temperatures and stored for aging. The dependence of the
properties of the Fe-Mo (21% Mo)- and Fe-W alloys (16*, W)
on the tempering temperature was investigated and the re-
sults are given in figure 1. The kine@ic aging curves in
the Fe-Mo alloys (12% Me) show at 600 that the aging process
proceeds in three stages; spontaneous decomposition in the
case of an aging duration of 30 minutes; colloidal equilibrium
after an aging of 1 - 10 hours and coalescence after an
aging duration of more than 10 hours. The change of the
proBertiee in Fe-Mo alloys in the cafie of heating below
Card 1/2 400 is given in figure 4. The alloy of the system Fe-W (16@. W)

Sov./163-59-2-42/48
'Phenomena of Recovery Properties After Aging of the Alloys ?a-Vo and Fe-'N
shows that no recovery of the Broperties after the aging at
a tempering temperature of 600 and in the case of further
heating up to 8000 (Fig 5). The aging in the alloys Fe-Mo
and Fe-W has the same character. The change in the properties
of the alloys of the two systems is connected with the oc-
currence of a second phase. There are 5 figures and 10
references, 6 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute)
SUBMITTED: March 26, 1958
Card 2/2

AUTHORSs
TITLEi
PERIODICALt
ABSTRACT:
Card 1/4
Livehits, B.G. and Makhnkov, N.G. SOVI 126-8-3-12/33
Investigation of the Tempering Process of the Cold
Deformed Alloy K40NKhM
Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 8, Nr 3,
pp 400-405 (USSR)
The alloy K40NJLhM has a complex chimical composition
with the system Co-Cr-Ni-Fe as its basis. Borodkina,
Makhukov and Sollts have shown (Ref 1 and 2) that the
alloy, as quenched from a temperature of 1100 to 1150*C'
possesses a one-phase structure with a face-centred cubic
lattice. On cold working by rollin f or wire-drawing,
followed by tempering at 400 to 500 C, the alloy acquires
high elastic properties, strength and hardness. Fig I
shows the change in hardness, elastic limit and electrical
resistance of a K40NXhM alloy, containing 0.050% C, on
tempering (soaking for 2 to 4 hours) after a 70% cold
deformation. The authors of this paper undertook an
investigation of this alloy with the aim of establishing
the mechanism of hardening during tempering. The chemical
composition of the alloys investigated is given in the
table on p 401. in Fig 2. the % elongation and the tr
UX
-`1'r'97 on the
n1agn t e

sov/i26-8-3-12/33
of the Tempering Process of the Cold Deformed Alloy
K40NXW
of the peak of internal friction of K40NKhM alloys of
the following carbon contents: a - 0.12%. b - 0.03%.
B - 0-015Y9. (State of the alloys before tempering:
1 - deformed 70%, 2 - deformed 30%, 3 - water quenched
from 11000C.) The authors arrive at the following
conclusions; 1. Two independent processes take place
during tempering in cold worked K40NKhh' type alloys.
One of them occurs preferentially in the temperature
range 300 to-350*C and probably leads to the formation
of atomic segregations of the C,,uinier-Preston zone type
(K-state). The second process occurs preferentially in
the temperature range 550 to 7000C and leads to the
precipitation of a second phase from the solid solution
as well as to an acceleration of relaxation and
recrystallization. 2. The low temperature process is
accompanied by increase in hardness, elastic limit,
modulus of elasticity and electric resistance and by a
decrease in volume and the true coefficient of expansion
of the alloy. 3. In a homogeneous solid solution (after
Card 3/4 deformation) of alloys of the K40NKh]4 type, containing

sov/126-8-3-12/33
Investigation of the Tempering Process of the Cold Deformed Alloy
PAONKhM
atoms of metallic components of different diameter and
carbon atoms, a peak appears on the curve Q-1(T) for
Internal friction at 300 to 350*C. This peak is due to
the relative displacement of carbon atoms and atoms of
large atomic diameter (Mo, W). 4. The magnitude of the
3.nternal friction peak increases with increase in carbon
concentration and degree of deformation. 5. The
segregation of Mo and W atoms is the reason for the
decrease in the magnitude of the internal friction peak
on tempering after cold working. This enables the process
of the K-state formation to be studied by the internal
friction method. In such an investigation C serves as
an indicator for the formation of segregation of the
constituent metal atoms. There are 8 figures, I table
and 12 references, 9 of which are Soviet, 2 German and
1 English.
SUBMITTED: August 12, 1958
Card 4/1*

66234
SOV/126-8-3-18/33
AUTHORS: Livshits, B.G., Avraamov, Yu.S., Osvenskiy, Y.B.,
Mezhenn&y-a, S-.O. and Belyakov, L.N.
TITLE: Internal Friction of Metastable Solid Solutions
PERIODICALiFizika metallov I metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 8, Nr 3,
pp--440-448 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The alloy of stoichiometric composition Ni 3Mn and alloys
of the same composition alloyed with 1.34 and 2-77% Mo,
respectively, were studied by measuring the temperature
dependence of internal friction. Using this method, Ni 3Fe
type alloys without molybdenum and those alloyed with
molybdenum, And also E1437A type alloys (nimonic) were
studied. The chemical composition of the investigated
alloys Is shown in the table on p 441. The internal
friction was measured in wire specimens, 300 mm long and
0-7 mm diameter, in vacuum. The alloy N'3Mn is an ordered
alloy with a Curie point of approximately 350% (Ref 10
and 11). In the curve showing the temperature dependence
of internal friction of a quenched Ni Mn alloy (quenched
from a temperature above that at whi2 orderin f occurs)
two peaks, A and B, with maxima at 120 and 290 G are I/
Card 1/4 observed (Fig 1). In the curve of the temperature VK

66234
Internal Friction of Metastable Solid Solution !OV/126-8-3-ib/33
dependence*of internal friction of a deformed N'3mn
alloY (75% deformation)* the peaks A and B remain and
an additional peak, D, having a maximum at 220C,
appearal the general level of internal friction rises
sharply (Fig 2). An additional peak, C, having a
maximum at 3!6*C, is evident in a carburiz d Ni@Mn alloy
containing 0-35% C (Fig 3). The appearanc: of his peak
is due to the diffusion of carbon atoms in the elastic
stress range. During the investigation of the influence
of alloying the Ni3Xn solid solution with molybdenum, it
was found that supplementary maxima - peaks M and C at
52 and 3160C - appeared in temperature dependence of
internal friction curves (Fig 4). In Fig 5, the influence
of heat treatment on the temperature dependence of a N'3Mn
alloy containing 1.34% No is shown. A similar result is
obtained with an alloy containing 2.77% Mo- On measuring
the internal friction of N'3Fe alloys alloyed with Mo
.(Fig 6) two peaks were obtained in the low temperature
range;, one in the region of 85*C (peak A) and the other
at 17 C (peak B). Fig*7 shows the influence of heat
Card 2/4 treatment on the temperature dependence of internal 1,1@

66234
SOV/126-3-3-i8/33
Internal Friction of Metastable Solid Solutions
friction of the alloy N'3FQ' Fig 8 shows the influence
of heat treatment on the internal friction of a nimonic
alloy. In Fig 9, the change in internal friction with
Ti content in a nimonic alloy is shown. The authors
conclude that on measuring the temperature dependence of
internal friction of metastable solid solutions
characteristic effects can be expected even when the
structural factor is exceedingly small. The magnitude of
the effects in this case must be the greater, the greater
the difference in free energy between a quenched and
tempered alloy. A comparison of the internal friction of
ordering alloys with that of alloys forming a K-state
structure at lo-i- temperatures is exceedingly interesting
(see Fig 4 and 6). On adding molybdenum to ordering
alloys (N13Mn) the metastability peak decreases as
molybdenum decreases the degree of possible order.
Conversely on adding this elementto K-state alloys
(Ni3Fe + Mo) the metastability peak increases, as the
increase in molybdenum concentration appears to increase
the extent of atom segregation (K-state) in the solution.
Card 3/4 The same can be said about titanium in the alloy E1437

66234
SOV/126-8-3-18/33
Internal Friction of Metastable Solid Solutions
(Fig 9). Thus measurement of the internal friction
(motastability*peake) renders differentiation between
ordering and K-state possible. There are 9 figures,
1 table and 19 references, 12 of which are Soviet and
7 Western.
SUBMITTED: August 12, 1958
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PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/4248
Livshits, Boris Grigorlyevich., and Vladimir Sergeyevich Llvav
Vy9okokoertsitivnyye 6plavy na zhelezonikellaly=iniyevoy osnove (Highly Coercive
Iron-IN i c ke I - A 1 u minum Base Alloys), Moscow, Metallurgizilat@ 1960. 157 P.
Errata slip inserted. 3,,200 copies printed.
Ed.: Yu. F. Avraamav; Ed. of Publishing House: A.L. Ozeretskaya; Tech. Ed.:
L.V. Dobuzhinakaya.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for physicists specializing in magnetometry and
physical metallurgists studying problems of structural transformations and
physical properties of highly coercive alloys.
COVERAGE: The book deals with the present state of knowledge of highly coercive
iron-nickel-aluminua-base alloya according to Soviet and non-Soviet data and
the basic scientific problem involved in the achievement-of high magnetic
properties for these &Uoys. The topics discussed include the phase equili-
brium of ternary and more complex systems based on iron-nickel-aluadnum alloys,.
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Righly Coercive Iron-Nickel-Aluminum Base'Alloys SM/4248
the kinetics )f phase transformations and the fundamentals of heat treatment.
Data on the effect of alloying elements on magnetic and other properties of
iron-nickel-Ablyalnum-base alloys are presented, Examples of the utilization
of the alloys in manufacturing and the results of a statistical analysis of
magnetic properties under conditions of mass production are given. Wo per-
sonalities are mentioned. There are 123 references: 68 Soviet., 38 English,,
17 German.
TAME OF COWTKNTS:
Introduction
5
Ch. I. Phase Equilibrium Diagrams of Iron-Nickel-Alumiwlm-
Base Alloys 11
The iron-nickel-aluminum system 11
The Iron-cobalt-nickel-alumimm system 23
Ch. 11. Kinetics of Phase Transformations 29
Investigation of the kinetics of regular and
irregular aging of Fe-Ni-Al alloys 29
Study of the mechanism of aging of Fe-Ni-Al alloys 42
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Highly Coercive Iron-Nickel-Aluminuz-Bue Anoys SOV/4248
Effect of stresses on the magnitude of coercive force 50
Causes of increase& magnetic saturation of Te-Wi-Al alloys
during heating to 500"-6WOO after quench hardening and
"type II" treatment 53
Ch. III. Structure Tormation After Regular Heat Treatment and
Heat Treatment in a Nagn6tic Field 55
Study of highly coercive Fe-Ni-Al alloys after regular beat treatment 55
Study of highly coercive Fe-Ni-Al alloys containing cobalt after heat
treatment in a magnetic field 69
Ch. IV. Effect of Alloy ConWaition on Technical Properties 83
The effect of nickel and alumim- 83
The effect of silicon., manganese, and carbon 94
The effect of copper on the magnetic properties 100
The combined effect of copper and cobalt on the properties
of Fe-Ni-Al alloys 108
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Highly Coercive Iron-Nickel-Aluminum Base Alloys SOV/4248
Ch. V. Production Technique and Treatment of Permanent Magnets
Cast magnets 121
Analysis of the utilization of Fe-Ni-Al alloys in manufacturing 130
Aging of magnets me& from Al-Ni and Al-Ni-Co alloys 142
Sintered and pressed powdered-metal magnets 145
Bibliography
AVAILAME: Library of Congress
155
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