SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LUSHCHIK, CH.B. - LUSHCHIK, N.YE.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001030920009-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

S/613/61/000/014/019/019
Polarized luminescence ... D207/D303
tion is due to 1S0->3pI transitions. The high degree of polariza-
tion of Krlol:Bi luminescence was due to point defects next to B13+
ions which impede reorientation of P electron-density "dumb-bells"
along C 4 axes. After X-ray radiation of KC1:Bi, the number of
Bi 3+ centers was found to be strongly reduced. Simultaneously new
ar~tvivator centers, Bi 2+ , appeared in the phosphor. The excitation
spel-trum of the new centers was peaked in the region of 4.25 eV
and the emission band had a maximum at 2.9 eV. Luminescence of
Bi 2+ centers was practically unpolarized; this is in agreement
with the absence of polarization of luminescence due to 2S1/2
2 P1'12 transitions in free Bi 2+ ions. Detailed results will be pub-
lished later. There are 4 Soviet-bloc references.
SUBMITTED: April 29, 1961
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S/058/62/000/008/046/134
av A0611A101
AUTHORS: Lushchik, N. Ye., Lushchik, Ch. B.
TITLE: Electron-vibrating processes in the luminescence centers of ionic
crystals with the participation of some.excited states
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Fizika, no. 8, 1962, 43, abstract BV299
("Tr. In-ta fiz. i astron. AN EstSSR", 1961, no. 15, 30 - 55;
summary in English)
TEXT: The dependence of spectra and quantum yield of luminescence in
KCl-In, KBr-In, KBr-Ga, KBr-Sn, KBr-Tl, KBr-Pb, and KI-T1 phosphors on the fre-
quen.cy of exciting light has been investigated at 100 and 2950K. Emission spec-
tra of impurity centers in crystals and of free mercury-like ions are compared
in detail. The mechanism of nonradiative 1p, ->3p transitions and the effedt of
'ragitation" of electronic states in luminescence centers are discussed. There
are 28 references.
[Abstracter's note; Complete translation]
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S/058/62/000/008/043/134
A0611AI0.1
AUTHORS: Lushchik, Ch. B., Liydya, G. G., Soovik, T. A.; Yaek, I. V.
TITLE: The mechanism of the luminescence of alkali halide crystals under
excitation by ultraviolet and hard radiations
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Fizika, no. 8, 1962, 42, abstract 8V294
("Tr. In-ta fiz. i astron. AN EstSSR", 1961, no. 15, 103 - 126;
summary in English)
TEXT: The physical processes taking place in ionic crystals under the
action of UV and hard radiations are examined. Attention is chieflydevoted to
the interaction of different elementary excitations of the'basic substance with
luminescence centers. An attempt is made to appraise the relative,role of ex-
citon and electron-hole processes in.gamma and R luminescence. There are 76
references.
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
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S16131611000101710031011
D051/D113
_2,
AUTHORS: Lushchik Ch. indina, R.I.j Zazubovich, S.G., and
us chik, N.Ye.
TITLE: Polarization characteristics of some alkali halide crystal
phosphors
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fizilti i astronomii.
Trudy, no. 17, 1961. Issledovaniya po lyuminestsentsii, 38-49
~TEXT: The polarization. characteristics of the lumine enc+e4f alkali halidej
+ + R
crystals activated by mercury-like (Ga+, in , T1 , Pb , Bi and noble
i(Cu , A&+, Ae) ions were investigated. The study was conducted so as to
fex-plain how far activator ions interact with different types of crystal de-
fects aftd whether. these defects spread to luminescence centers whose "core"
GPIs composed of mercury-like And noble ions. The polarization method em-
1ployed'wac developed by P.P.Peofilov who used it to reveal the anisotropy
;of colored centers and luminescence centers established by rare earth ions

S/613/61/000/017/003/011
,Polarization characteristics ... D051/D113
:,in certain metal fluorides. It was shovm that the emission of the main
;luminescence centers at 2930 K is not polarized in most phosphors. The
.luminescence centers in KC1-Bi and NaCl-Ag phosphors reveal a strong
.polarization of luminescence. Azimuthal dependences of the degree of
'polarization show that the oscillators are oriented along the C axes. It
is doubtful whether such an orientation teotifieo to an anion defect near
3the activator.' The polarization diagram of KC1-Bi corresponds to.that of
.absorption and emission by electric linear oscillators. The polarization
spectra of KC1-Bi, NaCl-Ag, KCI-Tl, and NaCl-Tl were investigated and dis-
.cussed. There are 6 figures. The most important English-language reference
is: C.Clickt W.Compton, Phys.Chem. Solids, 7, 170Y 1958;
SUBMITTED: April 21, 1961
;Card 2/2

LTJSHCHIK,..-Ch,sBs; LIn'rAO G.G,; LUSHCHIK, N.Yes; SHVAIITS, K.K.j YAEK, I.V.
Physical processes in alkali halide crystal phosphors activated by
mercur3-Me ions. Oiz,tver.tela 3 no.4:1176-11.84 Ap 161.
(MM 14:4)
1. Institut fiziki i astronomii AK Ratonskor SSR, Tartu.
(Phosphors)

IAJSHCHIK, Ch.B.; SHVARTS, K.K.
Second conference on the physics Of alk)III halide crystals. Opt-i
spektr. 11 no.4:560-562 0 -61. (MUA 24,.1D)
(Alkall metal halide crystals-Congresses)

CA. 13,
89237
S/048/61/025/001,/003/031
'9' 1-co 113 7) / 3 5 9 B029/BO67
AUTHORS: Liyd'ya, and Yaek, I. B.
TITLE: Mechanism of the processes of energy accumulation by crystal
phosphors
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Seriya fizicheskaya, v. 25,
no. 1, 1961, 23-27
TEXT: The present paper deals with the following mechanisms of energy
accumulation by crystal phosphors: production mechanism of F-centers in
crystals, and mechanisms of thermal and optical "de-excitation" of ion
crystals. Three stages are distinguished in energy accumulation by
crystals: 1) production of a long-lived excited state; 2) long-lELsting
conservation of the excited state; 3) processes of"de-excitation" of the
crystal. D. I. Blokhintsev (Ref. 1) showed that the electrons and holes
occurring after excitation are localized at lattice defects whicli are far
from one another. For this reason, their direct recombination is
impossible, and the electrons or holes must be set free from the trapping
centers for "de-excitation" of the crystal. Intense ion diffusion prevents
Card 116

89237
Mechanism of the processes of energy 5/048/61/025/00-i/003/031
B029/BO67
the crystal from remaining in the excited state for a long time. Even in
the production of the simplest F-centers it is necessary to take account of
both the active role of electron - hole processes and exciton, sensitizing,
ion processes, etc. The number, nFI of F-centers can be concluded either
from the absorption X, F_ n., from the intensity of luminescence photo-
stimulated in the F-region, or from the electron emission photo-stimulated
from the P-centers. The accuracy of the two last-mentioned methods exceeds
the first by several orders of magnitude. Fig. 1 shows the absorption
spectra (1) and the spectra of the production of F-centers (2) for the
phosphors KC1 - Ca, Tl; KBr - Ga; KBr - Inj and KBr - Tl. According to
the data obtained, the 1P 1 states of monovalent impurity ions can be
"de-localized" with a certain probability, which results in the formation
of F- and V-centers in the basic material of the crystal. Fig. 2 shows
the spectrum of the production of F-centers in KI - Tl as measured by the
luminescence method. F-centers are formed not only in the ac region but
also in the ex (-220 mp) and ep regions (-190 mp) with even stronger
efficiency. The production mechanisms of F-centers in the ex- and
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Mechanism of the processes of energy ..... 5/046/61/025/001/003/031
B029/BO67
ep-regions differ from each other. The dislocation mechanism of the
production of F-centers needs additional investigations. The authors then
discuss the mechanisms of thermal and optical de-excitation of ion crystals.
The'third stage of the phenomenon studied here has been investigated in
previous papers. The thermal destruction of F-centers in alkali-halide
crystals does not lead to their direct thermal ionization. For the NaCl,
KC1, and KBr orystals, the thermal destruction of F-centers in the range
100-3000K is connected with hole processesi in the range 400-5000K,
however, it is related to electron processes. The ultraviolet radiation at
the same frequencies (in the ex and ep regions) is capable of producing
and destroying F-centers. Finally, the authors demonstrate that alkali-
halide salts are typical crystal phosphors. During an investigation of the
luminescence of alkali-halide salts with excitation in the region of self-
a*bsorption of the crystal it has been found that many phenomena observed
in these crystals are the same as in ZnS phosphors. This investigation
was carried out at Tartu. Further details on this subject will be
published later. This is the reproduction of a lecture read at the
Ninth Conference on Luminescence (Crystal Phosphors), Kiyev, June 20-25,
1960. There are 2 figures and 38 references: 32 Soviet-bloc and 5
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89237
Mechanism of the processes of energy S/048/61/025/001/003/031
B0291BO67
non-Sovi et -bloc.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fiziki i astronomii Akademii nauk ESSR (Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, Academy of Sciences of the
Estonskaya SSR)
Legend to Fig. 1: spectra of absorption (1), of F-center production (2),
of negative, excited absorption (3), and of the production of activator
centers (4).
Legend to Fig. 2: 1) absorption spectrum, 2) spectrum of the excitation
of steady luminescence, 3) of recombination phosphorescence, 4) of optical
flash-up, 5) and 6) emission spectra in the case of steady luminescence
and optical flash-up, 7) spectra of the stimulation of optical flash-up
Card 4/6

S/613/62/000/018/001/013
E039/EI20
AUTHORS: Zazubovich, S.G.,*Lushchik, N.Ye., and Lushchik, Ch.B.
Ike- c~-e -:e-
TITLE: Polarised luminescence of the mercury-'I:L n~r 9
of cubic crystals. I.
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk EstonskoyISSR. Institut fiziki i
astronomii. Trudy.. no. 18, 1962. Issledovaniya po
Iyuminestsentsii. 3-22
TEXT: The polarisation characteristics of the Sn+I and Pb'+
centres in alkali halide phosphors are investigated in detail and
..the relative literature is reviewed, Single crystals are grown
from solutions using 'spectroscopically ptire" NaCI and "specially
pure" KCI, KBrand KI. The concentrations of impurity centres,
estimated from the absolute value of the absorption coefficients,
are in the range 0.001 to 0.01 mole%. Phosphors activated by Sn
and Pb form unstable solid solutions, hence before measuring they'
are quenched by rapidly cooling from a temperature of 650-700 OC
to 20 *C. Polarisation spectra of the crystals are measured at
293.and 100 OK. The exciting light is incident, normal to the
(100) plane along the x axis, the electric vector being orientated
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Polarlsed luminescence of the ... S/613/62/000/018/001/013
E039/E120
along the C4 axis (z axis) of the crystal. Polarised luminescence
is observed along the y axis perpendicular to the exciting light.
Measurements are made on these phosphors using different filters
and the absorption and emission spectra are also obtained. The
azimuthal dependence of the degree of polArisation shows that the!
oscillations of the Snl+ and Pb++ centres are orientated along the
C4 axis. The polarisation spectra have ciomplex structures and are
shown to be correlated with the activator absorption spectra.
The polarisation diagram of KBr-Sn, measured for the long-wave-
length absorption band corresponds to that of absorption and
emission by electric linear oscillators Me - 7te). An analysis
of the polarisation characteristics permits of a more accurate
interpretation of the electronic structure of the spectra of
mercury-like centres.
There are 8 figures and 1 table.
SUBMITTED: December 29, 1961
Card 2/2

ACCESSION NR: AT4016307 S/0000/62/000/000/OJ45/0262
A=OR; Luahchik
TITIX,: Photophysical processes and energy migration in alkali halide
crystallophosophors
SOURCE: Vses. soveshch. po*fiz. shchelochnogaloidn. kristallov. 2d, Riga,
1961, Trudy*. Fiz. shchelochnogaloidn. kristallov (Physics of alkali halide
crystals). Riga, 1962, 245-262
TOPIC TAGS: alkali halide crystal, photophysical process, impurity center,
energy migration,-crystallography, phosphor, crystal physical properl ton
ABSTRACT: The article reviews the results of studies of energy migration in
alkali halide crystallophors which have been conducted in recent ye.-Irs in
Tartu and Riga. Impurity centers were usc~ as sensitive probes to .)btiin
deeper insight into the different types of mi3ration. Minute analysis of
peculiar spectral characteristics, rather than the geometrical metilod, was
chosen as the method of investigation because of small energy migration dis-
tances. The author differentiates the following types of migration: 1) direct
migration between impurity centers, 2) migration from the base to impurity
Cord 1/2

ACCESSION NR: AT4016307
centers in which exciton rearrangement is involved, 3) migration from the base p
to impurity centers caused by electron and hole motions, 4) migration from
impurity centers to the base, and'5),-,migration from the base to color centers
in pre-excited crystals. Since the'~Iudies of this subject are still in the
initial stage, most data thus far obtaine'd are tentative and allow onl' few
y
conclusions, which may be summarized as follows: 1) energy resonance migra-
tion between impurity centers in ionic crystals is a rather common occurrence;
2) the Frankel exciton concept, widely employed in spectral studies, is a pro-
&rctive and substantiate4 hypothbfiis; 3) ionic crystals optically resemble
semiconductors with respect to zone-zone transitions; and 4) further studies
are handicapped by the lack of theory for mutual transformation of various
electron elementary excitations in ionic crystals. The literature on the
subject is extensively discussed. Orig. art. has: 6 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fiziki i astronomii AN Estonskoy SSR (Institute of
Physics and Astronomy, Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR)
SUBMITTED: 00 DATE ACQ: 06Mar64 ENCL: 00.
SUB CODE: G2 No REF SOV: 065 OTHER; 035
Card 2/2

S/04 62/026/004/008/014
B104YB102
AUTHORS: Lushchik, Ch. B., Lushchik, N. Ye., and Taek, I. V.
TITLE: Electron oscillation procenaes in lumineacont centers of
ionic crystals
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya fizicheskaya,
v. 26, no. 4, 1962, 488-496
TEXT: On the basis of papers published from 1913 UP to the present time
a review has been compiled on the rules governing the electron oscillation
processes in ionic crystals. Special attention is devoted to effects
involving excited states of impurity centers.- Results obtained for
+ 2+ + 2+ 3+ +
alkali-halide crystals activated with Ga , Ge , In , Sn , Sb , Tl
Pb 2+, and B13+, and also for NaCl, M, KBr, and KI crystals activated
with indium, gallium, antimony, germanium, and bismuth are discussed.
This review article further deals with the steplike dependence of the
quantum yield of photo-effects in ionic crystals on the frequency of the
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S/04 62/026/004/008/014
Electron oscillation processes ... B104YB102
exciting light. There are 5 figures and 1 table.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fiziki i astronomii Akademii nauk ESSR
(Institute of Physics and Astronomy of the Academy of
. Sciences Estonskays, SSR)
L
Card 2/2

ACCESSION NR: AR4043997 8/0058/64/000/006/DO74/DO74
SOURCE: Ref. zh. Fizika, Aba. 6D557
AUTHOR: Lushchik, Ch. B.; Liyd'ya, G. G.; Sooviki T. A,
TITLEt The mechanism of luminescence of alkali-halide drystala on excitation
by UV and hard radiation
CITED SOURCE: Sb. Stsintillyatory* i stsintillyats. materialy*. Khar1kov,
Khar'kovsk. un-t, 1963, 110-113
TOPIC TAGS: luminescence, luminescence mechanism, alkali halide, alkali halide
crystal, ultraviolet radiation, x ray radiation, ga=a radiation, hard radiation
TRANSLATION: Using KI-Tl as an example, discusses the mechanism of luminescence of
alkali-halide drystals during excitation by UV-,'Y, and x-ray radiation. From a
comparison of the kinetics of the build-up of luminescence,the effect on it of
preliminary irradiation in the F-band, and thermal quenching of luminescence dur-
ing various forms of excitation, the conclusion is drawn that in the lumineacenco
of KI-T1 during.excitation by hard radiation an essential role ia played by the
G~rd 112

ACCESSION NR: AR4043997
exciton mechanism of energy transfer from the lattice of the basic suba'ance to
the luminescence centers@ Bibliography: Z5 references,
SUB CODE: ICS OP ENCL: 00
Card 212

ZAZUBOVICHt S.G.; LUSHCHIK, N.Ye.; LLGHCHIK, Ch.B.
Optical structure of luminescence centers in ionic crystals
activated by mercurylike ions. Opt. i spek-tr. 15 no-3:381-
388 S' 163. (MIRA 16:10)

ACCESSION NR: AT4020793
S/2613/63/000/023/0022/0037
AUTHOR: 14~phchik. Ch. B.; Lushchik, N. Ye. Muuga, 1. A.
TITLE: Band spectra of crystals activated with mercury-like tons. Part L
SOURCE: AN EatSSR. Institut fiziki I astronomit. Trudy*, no. 23, 1963, Issledovaniya
po lyuminestsentail (Research In luminescence), 22-37
TOPIC TAGS: luminescence, luminescence Bpectru, band spectium, phosphor, phosphor
luminescence, crystalline phosphor, mercury-like luminescence activator, crystal
vibration
ABSTRACT: The method of luminescent probes may be successfully used for the study of
physical phenomena in solid bodies. Rare-earth Ions, which give off a linear emission of
complex structure, are most frequently employed as the probes. The author also notes
that the so-called mercury-like ions (Ga+, Ge2+ In+, Sn2+ Sb3+ T1+ -Pb2+, l3i3+) may
be used in investig g the physical, processes In alkali halide crystals. A detailed stu
,,atin . dy
of the spectral characteristics of alkali halide; r stals, activated with mercury-like tons,
has demonstrated that in these phosphors theibsorption and emission spectra at 100K (for
KC1-T1 even at 4.2K) are continuous bands without an oscillating structure. The sharp
difference in spectra for mercury-like centers in crystals of the types Al1BV1 and AIBVIr,
Card, 1/3

ACCESSION NR, AT4020793
which are structurely similar deserves careful attention. The purpose of the present
work was to determine the conditions necessary for the observation of a vibrational struc-
1ture in the spectra of mercury-like centers. The authors have attempted to utilize
luminescent ions for an experimental investigation of the vibrational processes in the
crystals. The shapes of the emission and excitation spectra of KCI-B1, Ca3(P04)2-Bi,
CaO-Di and CaS-Bi phosphors were investigated at 295 and 100K. The phosphors with large
Stokes losses (KC1-Bi) have continuous emission and excitation spectra. In the case of
phosphors having relatively small Stokes losses (CaO-Bi), at 100K a series of clearly
!marked equidistant bands were obserVed against the background of the continuous emission
and excitation spectra. The authors discuss the characteristic features of the continuous
and band spectra, and their electronic (ISO V3p, and 3pO ----o ISO transitions in Bi3+
centers) and vibrational structure. The hypothesis is advanced that the band spectra arise
Ias the result of the interaction of the electrons with the localized modes of vibration which,
in turn, interact with the crystal vibrations. The authors found, in conclusion, that mer-
cury-like centers with small Stokes losses may serve as convenient luminescent probes
for the investigation of vibrational processes in solid bodies. "We are grateful to N.
Kristofell, V. IChizhnyakov and G. Zavt for their discussion. on the theoretical work In
electron-phonon Interaction in crystals and to K. K. Reband for critical remarks. Orig.
art. has: 1 table and 3 figures.
Card-L.2/4

;-ACCESSION NR: AT4020793
ASSOCIATION: Institut fIzIki I astronomii AN FstSSR (institute of Physics and
As tronomyj All EatSSR)
SUBMITTED: 21Jan63 DATE ACQ: 07Apr64 ENCL: 00
SUB CODE: PH NO REF SOV: 023 OTHER: .013
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ZAZUBOVICH, S.G.; LTJSHCHIKO N.Ye.; LUSHCHIK, Ch.B.
ixu2i,
Electronic vibrational processes and the polarized-luminescence
of mercurvlike centers in cubic crystals. Izv. AN SSM Ser.
fiz. 27 no.5:656-660 My 163. (MIRA 16W
1. Institut fiziki i astronomii AN Estonskoy SSR.
(Phosphors-spectra) (Quantum theory)

LUSHCHIK2 Che Be; ANT,~-T,1OV-ROMAW11SYIY, V. V.
"General Discussions of Phosphors"'
Report presented at the International Conference on Luminescencev Torun,
Poland, 25-29 Sept 63-

ACCESSION NR: AP4043338 . S/0181/64/006/008/2256/2262
AUTHORS: Lushchik, Ch. B.; Liyd'ya, G. G.; Elango, M. A.
TITLE: Electron-hole mechanism of production of color centers in
ionic crystals
SOURCE: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 6, no. 8, 1964, 2256-2262
TOPIC TALrjS: color center, ionic crystal, electron bombardment,
x ray irradiation, color center, ultraviolet irradiation, alkali
halide, crystal lattice defect
ABSTRACT: The present communication is a direct continuation of a
cycle of investigations carried out by their laboratory to clarify
the mechanism whereby ionic crystals become colored by ultraviolet
radiation, x-rays, and radiation from reactors. Natural crystals
of NaCl and crystals of NaCl.T1 an~ KC1.Ag grown from melts of
especially pure salts by the Kiropoulos method were irradiated in
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ACCESSION NR: AP4043338
the vertical channel of the IRT-2000 reactor, and also with x-rays
(60keV), slow electrons (150 eV), and ultraviolet 'radiation (5--14
eV). The authors were especially interested in elementary processes
w
hich occur during a complicated phenomenon such as radiation color-
ing of ionic crystals, and paid consequently special attention to
a parallel investigation of the production of F centers by these
type of radiations. it is shown that irradiation of the crystals
leads not only to a filling of the anion vacancies by electrons,
but also to generation of a large number of new point defects and
their clustering. Only the electron-hole mechanism of F-cf--nter
production is considered in detail, the others having been treated
by the authors in numerous other papers. It is pointed out, how-
ever, that this is not the only possible mechanism. "We ar,! deeply
grateful to K. K. Shvarts for collaboration and to G. Va-,.e, E.
111mas, T. Eksina, and 1. Yaek for participating in the experiments
and a discussion of the results." Orig. art. has: 6 ficjures.
Card 2/3

ACCESSION NR: AP4043338
ASSOCIATION: Institut fiziki i astronomii AN ESSR, Tartu (Institute
of Physics of Astronomy, AN ESSR)
SUBMITTED: 28Dec63 ENCL: 00
SUB CODE: OP, SS NR REF SOV: 031 OTHER: 008
I
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!i7
-L2 63_-61-
'DF
A
ACCESMON NR: ATS000396 S/3119/64/000/001/0015/002,5
k' Ch. B
YTHOR .X B. Llydtyal, G.G~ Riango M.A.
'614 Of-ra& -4nduceaidefodd In-Wn io a
ITLE: -Stxt#~
--processesi.-, otL
~~URCF': AN LaIM rnatitut Mild. Radiatsionnaya fizika, 1, 1664. ronny*
Mlistally* (loala.crystals), 15-25 no yq
TAGS: alkaWftlidawystal crystal lattice, lattice. defect, radiation defect, color
cenw~. thallfigii- activator, ErraAadoa.
T;
'ABSTRACT., Thd bblect of thlawork wa~r toatu4y. the creation of .,,olor centers In MCI.
SITS,ole Crys-W 4. rays-md bk irradiation in the-- vertical c h-aiand 6f the'MT yea6tor bf the
*81ca Inilti I
Insttitut, fizM.AN Lat. SSR (P tute of the Academy of Sciences of the Latddh SSR).
The study t6/q direct continuation of a series of investigations conducted at the Institut I
fi zi ki i Astroftomii AN Est. SSR (Institute of Physics and Astronomy of the Academy of I .
Sciences of the Estonian SM) and aimed at eluoidating the mechaniamB governing the colora-;;
tiort of tonio crystals by ultraviolet light. Spectra of the creation of color centers in thin
films of XI-TI by monochromatic ultraviolet radiation were recorded. Electron, exciton,
NQ4 waization mechanisms of the creation, of color centers and radiation-induced defects in

L(~I( - - - - - -
ACCESSION NR:
AT5ql3535
-a~highAialooation dent"ity, and artificial NaC1 and NaC
1-4 e f e a ts but L
containing relatillely few dislocations but more point defects. The
absorption spectra were measured with a vacuum monoebromator. To
determine the detailed micromechanism of color-center production, the
autho.-s analyze separately the effects of the electronic, exciton,
electron-hole, and Ionization mechanisms of radiation-induced colora-
;tion. It is suggested-that--at room '11-emperature the greatest contribu-1
to~radi-a:tIoW.-.co,1ar1ng-T of-AorAct-ogyratala- Ia.. made bythe interact:ba
na-and:68sociates -of t d fea"
etween elementary excitatio' e .6 and
dislocations. A scheme showing the sequence of the physical processesi
occurring in the production of F centers by x-rays and gamma rays
during individual-coloring stages is proposed. 'The authors thank
C, Uyd~ygi_and I Yaek for participation in a discussion of the-re8ults.1
and to E. Iltmas and R. Kink for help with the work.' Orig. art. has:
5 figures and 1 table.
ASSOCIATTON., Irtstitut fiziki I astronomli AN EatSSR (Institute of
t-bysics and AstronomyAAN EstSSR)
Cord 2/3

0903
.1 60 -65 ---- -- rdT(I) 0-
AMT NR: AT5013545 UR/2613/64/000/026/0213/0215
AUTHORS: Illmas, E .R .; Liyd' G. 0~, I Lu
yap _shchik, Gh~ B*
V f
TITLE: Photon multipliq~j ~'as an elementary act of the scintilla-
juion procesB
.'SOURCE: AN EstSSR. Institut fiziki i astronomii. Trudy, no. 26,
.-A964. lssledovaniya-po lyumineztsentsii (Research on luminescence),
.213-215
'.TOPIC TAGS: photon ~Multiplicatlon, scintillation counting, allcali
halide crystalp photon yield, quantum yield
ABST:RACT:
For the purpose of an experimental investigation of the
e lem-entary scintillation act, wherein orequant'--um of ultraviolet
radiation is transformed into t
-wo quanta of visible light (TI = 2),
,the authora succeeded to obtain photoluminescence with .1 > 1 and a
ser4es of single crystals of M, KBr, and KI activated with thalli M
u
8,nd indium.' The excitation source was a powerful discharge in hydro-
Car

. . . . . . . . . . . .
L 6o9o3_Ad
ACCESSION. NR: AT501~545
gen, ne-on, or. he lium in a.flow-through quartz lamp, making it possible!
to experirtient i tb e c
n., e sp tral:rahge 'from 5 to 21 eV The luminescence.
'excitation spectralVere measured at 293K at 0CP to the direction of
.1
excitation by means-of a ak-.nsitive photoelectric photometer, relative
to sodium salycilate standard. The Quantum yieId began to increase
with increasing frequency, starting with 11, 13.5, and 16.7 eV for
KI-In, KBr"In, and K01-Tl respectively, and exceeding unity for
F-I-In and KBr-In. The photon multiplication began at a photon energy
approximately double the width of the forbidden band, apparently as a
result of generation of two electron-hole pairs by a single quantum.
A detailed~report`,`_Vtill be published in the journal 'Optika i
spektroskopiyat Orig. art. has: I figure
ASSOCIATION: Institut fiziki i astronomii AN EstSSR (I~nstltute of. I
Playsics and Astronomy
AN EstSSR
SUB-IMITED: 22May64 ENCL: 00 SUB CODE: OP
UR REF SOV-. 004 OTHER., 002'
2
Card 2/

66916-55 WT (i)/~EC (b) -4/1r: UP(c),
L
ACCMION HR s AM13~4T W261316410001026 021910M
AUTHOR: 12gnks gVi ;?.;,V
ahchaj.-M., B.
TITTZ: Experimental se~paratioa Gf neutral and charged. elementary excitations in
tale
ionic cn~s
SOME: AN WSSR.: Institut Mild i~astronomii. Trudyj, no. 26j. 1964. Isaledo-
vaniya Po 3,-iminestsentaii (Research -on lumineseerce)t 219-222
e1 mentary-excitation- ionic crystal, excitont electron hole excitatio
TOPIC TAGS: e
!AMTRACT:-,The authors,,desoribe briefly the results of eyperiments in which neutral
J. -trio
e7citations were separated f`r6nicharged ones by- studying the effect of an elee
1field on the luminescence of ionic crystals. The experiments were carried out on
single-crystal KI-1a with a thallitun concentration 0.03 mol.%. The average field
i`~ tin the crystal-van 100 kv/cm. The crystal was irradiated with monochromatic ultra-
A]~~ication of,aAiegatiw~ potential to the illuMID ed Surface
j of the crystal, remated in an instantaneous attenuation of the intensity of the
thallium lmineacenc~~ (e~dasion band with maximum at 3.0 eV). The experiments have
ahown tbat both the deareetoe in intensity and itz relative value are strongly de-
1pendent
th6 frequency of the exciting ultra:wiolet radiation, the quantum inten-
an
i sity of UbAch was z&intained constwit. Application of the electric field is shovn
1/2
I Cor

."GO
L 0
jACCESSION IFR: iAM1354T.
Ito,
tirAe'-delayed
influehice only- the,
luminescence of the TI centers., connected.iff~th
the electron-hole processes,, so that, this procedure maken It possible to separate
It-he charged excitations from the netrtral ones.
Tt is planned to carry out such a
.-Iseparation for many allmli-halidecryateAs in a broad spectral region from 5 to 21 1
leV. Details of this-field effect can be found. in a conanion paper by one of tile'
fauthors (De&-z, Trud3, IFA M ESSR, no. 26, 213 1964; Accession AT5013548). orig. 11
Card

6
%c
4: JD/GG'
._.:-'._.WWi3Ak/00Q/0JQ1 b663lc6is
h k ng A01
Yo Ushe i Ai
Electronic' process
TITLE, es in ioni c stal whiskers
SOUME: Aff_gst.4p4; Institut fiziki i astr i. dy, no. 30, 196k. Issledo-
vaniym po Iyuminestsentaii (~es'e__a_rc_h1_ on luminescence) , 3-15
TOPIC TWS: 1 st
onie cry al, filamentary crystal,electronic process, energymigra-
:tion,
color center,, electron:vibrational process, radiation coloration
ABSTRACTf The aiticle reparts the results of comparative investigations of the
optical,characteristics of ordinary and whisker-type aLkali-halide crystals (WaCl,
MI. K0l-T1_, and M-TI) and on determining the nature of the luminescence centers,:~
the* luminescence -centers the occur-
-energT ii6~"!OnAli6i e
arence of scintiliatio~as induced by alpha particles, and the kinetics of production
of color centers by means of x-rays. The tests were made on pure NaCl, KCI, KBr,
-and KI vhiskera and on activated IWI-Ag, ffaC1-Tlj NaCI-Agp NaCl-Sny and K1-T1 whis-1
kern, which were found to have a minimum of imperfections or dialocatios (with the-
exception of Ml-Ag). Measurement of the emission and excitation spectra have
chown that the m&in luminescence centers in K1-T1 and 101-Tl phosphors are not due
to ansociatione of the impurity atoms with dislocations. The highly perfect struc-:--
r

C"d
%

L 2836-66 EWMAYAWAZENP t)/EWP(b) IJP(c) JD,6MlW--
1ACCESSION NR: AT5021772 UR/2613/64/000/028/0003/061'9!
AUTHORSt Lushchikp N. Ye.; Lushchik Ch. B.1 Liyd'yaj G, G.; Meriloop I. A.
TITLEs Localized electronic excitations of ionic crystalsp activated by mercury-
like ions
Y L/I v;w
SOURCE: AN EstSSR. Institut fiziki i astronomii. Trudyp no. 28p 1964, Issled
po lyuminesteentaii (Research on lvninescence), 3-19
TOPIC TAGS; luminescence property# luminescence researchl luminescencer lumi
neseence spectrum, luminescence yieldp luminescent crystal# phosphor, galliump,
indium,, tin, telluxiumq lead
AB.SMUTi. In order to determine the nature of the excitation and energy, rat
in activated alkali halid talst the excitation spectra of 15 alkali ide
4&i Zyz T10 and Fb in the: spectral regicin-3--TO 9y were
crystals activated by,
investigatedo The study i an extension of the previously reported work in the
spectral region 2-6 ev by N, Ye,Lushohik, (Waterialy VII Soveshchaniya po
lyuminesteent6ii'(Krietallofoofory)t Tartut.1959vitro 27). Four series of experi-
ments were performed
KBir-In. k 4~
KF-In.. KCI-In, j
W-11, KBr-TI,
-1)2

L 2836-66
RRs AT5021772
4
77 KKCI I- KCI
W bi,7 - n,..--KC1-Sn,.1 KIM, - -Pbt
1_V_--_ _K -Ga KBr-Sn, KBr-T1.
r4n,
In series I and II,..the activator was fixed.(In or Tl), ajid the anionvas varied.
In series III and-IV, #e activator was variedt but the anion remained fixed (KC1 or
Or). The experimental procedure followed was that of E. R. Illmas, G. 0. Livdlyat
and Ch. B. Lushchikt (Opt. i spektr.p 1964)- Excitation spectra for the systems
investigated are presented graphically, and the position of D absorption bands are
tabulated. It was found that the excitation bands at the'long wavelength tails of
exciton absorption bands were almost independent of the activator, but depended
substantially on the nature-of the host anion. A model for near activator centers
is proposed* It is concluded that the phosphors investigated exhibit activatW-_as
well as near activator electronic oxcitations, The authors than E, Re IllmasTor
the development of the ultraviolet vaoaw= experimenW, apparatus ana R. A. Mmlclorl
,his help, as well as A. A. ikaroos for the Tl determination in the phosphordT."Orig.l.
art. has: 2 tables and 6 graphs.,W1j;r
,ASSOCIkTIONi Inatitut fisikil astronomiij AN EstSSR (Institute for P!~b~yqicq~d
77~ 71f
Ustrono I AN WSSR)
j
so COME ass Oe
~SUBMIWEM l4Feb64 -00
OEM
!.No PjW SOV, 038 1, Oil
ZVK

k 2309&-~:- EZq(b)-2)/En-(1) -1'J-4 (C
ACGWSION - NR iAP01294 P/0045/64/026/03-/0'703/(Y7Oq
Art HOR 1. j!us_hqhikj Ch,; "ek, I.
TIMS: Recombination1 nes etn of activated ionic crystals
50URCS tActa -phyged polonicat v. 2631P no. 3-4p 1964j 703-709
TOPIC "aseence
halid6 crystal,_-Activafed halide- crystal, ionic crystal, impurity centero impurity
conductivity, free electron, hole migration
ABSTRACT tExperimental results of delayed emission of alkali halide cryqtals-
activated by Ga,, In# Tl.,. Sny and Ag are discussed. It. is shown that the delayed
emisslon has the nature of recombinationt a fact that is confirmed by the emer-
gence of phot6conductivitt, thermostimulated current# and thermostimulated eleo-
tron emission. An examination of the electrothermostimlated luminescence of
surface-activated crystals shows that luadnescence emerges, in the main, due to
the recombination of free electrons with trapped holes. If exciting radiation is
absorbed by impuritieso the holes.are localized immediately at the impurity cen-
ters. In optical excitation of "zone-zone" transition only some of the holes are
Ccird 1/2

7,
7-
L 23016-w65
ACCESSION URt :050Q144
At low temperatures, hole migration is frozen.
Confined to the. impurity. 6enters
Recombihati6n.luriinotdence'.0f~ionic crystals can result in some cases from the
recombinationIof free,electrons 'with trapped electrons at impurity centers. R"
combination amis.a-io-n- of impurity ions io generally observed in crystals in which
the recombination centera of electrons and holes coincide with the lw-dnescente
centers. If the centers (as in the case of KaGl-Ti and 1*0 are spatially separateJ,
sensitized recombination luminescence occurs. "The authors thank q. Liid a, H.
__K.aam~re, Y.-Penko, G. Zolotaryov, -4. MaLer, and M. Okk for their help in the
investigation of KBr-Inj, XBr-T1, and KGI-Ag phosphors."' Orig. art. hasi 3
figures.
&W-OCIATIONt
SUBIUTTEDt Q)
140 REF SOV t033.
Card 2/2
t
ENGL& 00
SUB GODSt OPr SS
OTHERt 005

-- --------
L1323-Z5::'AwW
A
'S3 001295 P/0045,164/026/03-/Cqll/671T
CCh 3IM M. AP5
AUMOR: Lushchik Ch.- Lushchik K.
TITIE: Regul3rities'.of fluorescence in activated ionic crystals
SOURCE: Acts. physica polonice., v. 26, no. 3-4, 1964, 7U-717
Topic TAGS: fluorescence,, luminescence, ionic crystal., emission spectrum, exeita-
tion. frequency, quantum efficiency, excited state, polarization, thermostatic ac-
tion, impurity center, luminescence center
ABSTRACT: Basic regularities in the luminescence of impurity centers of MI crys-
tals activated by Ga. Ge, In, Sn, TI, Fb, and Bi cations have been investigated at
100 and 295K. The experimental results for conjugated electronic-vibrational trans-
itions (absorption anci emission) show that- 1) the emission spectra do not depend
on excitation frequencyl0e; 2) the quantum efficiency of luminescence does not de-
pend On Ve nor on light emission freT-Aency 11, 5) the lifetime of excitated states
does not depend on le or JI; and 4) the degree of polarization does no'. depend
on eithf~rle or Ip These regularities in lmninescence result from the strong
thermostatic action of the host lattice on luminescence centers. H-wever, the reg-
Card

W2J~65
L
ACCESSTOIT KR*w MO01.495
ularities are generally not observed in processes Involving more than the lazest
and upper electronic states of the impurity centers, particularly at lav tempera-
tures. In this case the emission spectra and the quantum efficiency of lumines-
cence depend on Ve~, the lifetime of excited states and degree of polarization de-
pend on Ve and VI I and the dependence is of a complex "step-likell nature. These
peculiarities in the emission of ionic crystals are due to the absence of the equi-
Ubri= distribution of centers in the different electronic states resulting from
the insufficient radiationless transition probabilities betveen the different ex-
cited states. '~The authors tbnnk S. Zazubovich, T~. Soovik, and B. Realo for help-
ing in the investigation of polarization characteristics and photosciatiffAtion of
IQL-Sn cryri-tals." Orig. art. has#. figures.
ASSOCIATION: Institute of'nMics and Astronomy, Academy of gelences, EGtpgisA
SSR, Tartu
El,'tCL;, 00 SUB CODE. OP
HD REP SOV., 020 OMER 004
card
2/2

SCOPPM, OptikA~i.spektrookopiya:,'r. 18, no- 3, 1965, 453-46o
TOPIa V-GS-: - - ionic -CrYstal.._ photon rmItiplication, excitation spectrum, lumines-
cence e Itation Tilininesce L Id , 14~*btum:yield
XC 11, zice,y el
s' is-thei firie.*.of aseriego
ABSTRACT: Thil r papers and is devoted to a convincing
experimental proof of the existence of photon multiplication in crystals in the
optical band. To this end, the authors measured the luminescence szcitation spec-
tra of 11 ainglewcz~rstal. phosphors KT-Tl, KI-In, RbI-Tl, RbI-In, Cal-41, GsI-In'
kMr-T1, Ke-r-In, KC1-Tl, KCI-In, and NaCl-T1 in the range from 4 to 21 eV. A vacu-
um SP-68 monochromator modified for luminescence msaffuremant was used. The ultra-
violat source was a quartz-capillary high-power lamp of construction described by
F, I. Vilesov (PT3. no. 4, 89,, 1958). The lumineticence of the phosphors Waa re-
gi&tered with a photomultiplier through filters that separated tbe individual
'Ccrd
-K MOMMEM

Z:.
L 43519_~65
AWESSI01T-NR-..-. -AP5006435
-d
bands.: -The are:-described.~ The'results show that
~jj
at energies above712 the quantum yield of the activator luminescence increases,
exceeding in many cases the near-unity quantum yield of luminescence produced by
direct excitatio-a of the luminescence centers. This demonstrates beyond ary dolfbt
thmt one exciting quantum can produce in ionic crystals two ltuainescence quanta,
proving the existence of photon miatiplicatior. in the optical spectrum. The re-
aults ahow alro that the stepwise obtaraoter of variation of the quantum y1eld from
activ;ated ionic, c7,stala as a t~mclion of the frequency of the applied light, In-
dicated in earlier papers by one of-the authors (Ch. B. Lushchik, Tr. TYA MI ESSR,
no 14, 3-, 1961 and others)t is observed not only in the region of activator but
also in the.region of the fundamental absorption, at least up to 21 eV energy.
'5 fligurea and I table.
Grig, arto has;
ASSOCIATION: None

L ina.;34.wfi . . . ....
M A 0
ACr_r'VSf(rz4 N'R: AP5004613
AUTHOR: Lushchik, Ch.B.
Al
f
I TLEP: Physical proaa3soa in lumirt ionic cr 83 t as. ZrIe PO r t
on Lwminescence hold in L -Mweacin-
fvov 30 Jan-~ Pe ~64~~
SCRURCE: AN SSSR. Izvesity. Seriya fizicheskaya, v.29, no.1, 1965, 10-18
TOPIC TAGSi.-luminescence, ionic crystal, kinetics, exciton, excitation, impurity
center
ABSTIMCT: This is a review article discussing the work during the last decade of
the Estonian group at. Tartu concerning the pIlysical processes in lumincscent stor-.
age. This group has set itself the task of conducting detailed investigations of
the physical processes involved in the direct excitation of luminescence centers,
the migration of these excitations and the role of the aimplest electron excita-
tions of the host material; they have recently extended their investigations to
higher energy electron excitations and have dne considerable work in the vacuum
ultra~,riolet out to 21 eV and with electrons of energies up to 5 keV. They have de-
velopod a "spectral-kinetic" method of investigating the kinetics of luminescence

_A ~NM-. &P"0451371'
77--
phenomena in tiM4 tat, B:fr. 106
erval to 10 see and hope to extend these investi-i
gations to intervais Of 10 -9
n-
see. Kany of the findings Of the Tar-tu group are me
tioned with reference to the original publication aM some are discussed briefly
and illustrated with absorption spectra of indium~_O~ silver'Wetivated alkali h,l-
ide crystals. The sequerice of events iiivolv;a--in7-'radiolu-ninescence is crinceived a3
fol.lows: the initial x ray or y ray produces a photoelectron or a Compton electron
which In turn gives rise to a cascade of secondary electrons. The secondary elec-
trans give rise. by obscure processes, to short-lived electron excitations, which
ara transformed into stable electron excitations. These excitationB are trappr-d by
~mpijrity centers which, after intermediate internal processes, give rise to lumi-
nescence. Further exparirants, particularly in the relatively unexplored energy re-
~,ion from 20 to 1000'eV, are required to determine how well the concepts developed
by the Tartu group refloat the complex physical phenomena in ionic crystals. Grig.
art.has: 5 figurea.
ASSOCIATION- none
SIMMAr"MMD: 00/--Jan65 ENCL: 00 SUB CCIDE:SS'0p
tre. P9F SOV., 046 OTHER: 007
Card V2

FMG Cb )_t-2/ZWT
TO-1/M IJP(.r-)
~5-65
ALCCESSION NR: AP5004515 S/0048/65/029/001/0027/GO?5
AUTHOR., 111mas,N.R; KlnkjR.A. ; Ltid:a ~G_G. LushchikCh.)3.--. -A.
7_4
TI'ME, TransformVons of electron excitations in i c eport, 121h
Conterence on Lumineacerigg--beld in L'vov 30 Jan-5 Feb 1964
SOURCE- AYiSSSRi Izvestiya. Seriya fizicheskaya, v.29, no.1, 1965, 27-35
TOPIC TAGS: luminescence, ionic crystal, exciton, quantum yl~eld, alkali halide
ABSTRACT: The refl Iection spectra from the (100) surfaces of eight alkali halides
were measured to a quantum energy of 14 eV with a vacuum monochromator and the re-,
isults are presented graphically. These spectra show numerous peaks above a rela-
Itively smooth background; the peaks in the long wavelength portion of the spectra
~pre characteristic primarily of the anion, and those In the short wavelength region.
J f the cation. The energies of the short waveleng-th peaks are close to the minim
excitation energi" of the free cations. The excitation spectra of the st&tionary
activator luminescence for a number of ionic crystals activated with In or TI were;
measured by methods described elsewhere by three of the present authors (Optika i
spe-ktroskopiya 17, No.6,1984). The quantum efficiencies were obtained by correcting
Ccrd 1/2

7
L 328-25-65-
ACCESSICH NR- AP6604515
r va results for several a!J
for incomplet'e abso ption and ablective reflection, and tL
~i kali halides are presented graphically. Three regions can be distinguished in the
t
KC1 and KBr spectra, in each of which the quantum yield is approximately constant:
I the region of activator absorption, the longest wavelength exciton absorption band,~
and a broad region extending to about 14 eV in the chlorides. In several iodides an
increase in quantun yield was observed at excitation energies above 10 or 12 eV.
This Is ascribed to a photon Multiplication process discussed in the reference cit-
ed abov-s. These experimental data are discussed In some detail in connection with
other material in the literature. The striking fact that emerges is that the final:
results are the same whether the ionic crystal is excited by high energy photons or
by Im energy ones. It is concluded that the high energy excitation is rapidly
transformed into simile excitons and electron-hole pairs. Orig.art.has: 4 figures
and 1 table.
ASSi~CIATIOX: Institut fiziki i notronomii Akademli nauk HstSSR (Inatitu~e, of P
!3 1 c~cj arid Astrtmomv of the Acadcmv of Sciences, Eatanian 86R)

00
-SUB CCDE-ss,op
UR ny sov- 092 OTHER: 023
Card2/2

L_302Z~6_5_--
MISSidR_ k: APS004516 8/0048/65/029/001/0036/0039
AUMOR: ZZoLotar Soovik,T.A.; Yaek,I.V. Elango, M.A.
~hF
TITALE: Self-trapping of holes and optical phonomnna in iwttt iReport,
- L149adt-al-0-
held in L'vov 10 Jan-5 Feb 1969
SOUME., AN SSSR. Izvestiya, Seriya fizirhealcaya, v.29, no.1, 1965, 36-39
TOPIC 7AGS- luminescence, ionic crystal, recombination luminescence, thermollimines-.
cence, radiation effect:, self trapping
ABSTPO.CT: The authors briefly review rocent work in their laboratory concerning
i the role of hole self-trapping in optical phenomena, and specifically in recombina-
tion luminescence, rGentgenoluminescence and radiation coloring. The effect of self-
trapping in each case is to suppress the phenomenon at low temperatures, where self-
trapping occurs. Recombination luminescence is discussed less briefly than the oth-
er phenomena and illujtrative absorption curves and glow curves are presented. Pho-
toluminescence of KC1:Ag after x-ray radiation at 1000x was found to be very small
until the material was heated to above 200OK; thereaft6r the photolumineAcence was
large even after subsequent cooling to 1000K. This behavior is explained by the
Card 1/2

L3282276.5-
ACCPSSWIt NR: AP5004516
thermal release of self-trapped holes which, after migrating to A9+ centers, make
it possible for recombination luminescence to occur even at low temperatures. An
intense thermoluminescence pealt was observed for KCl:AgI at 220o's, the radiation
of which is characteristic of Ael centers. This radiation is ascribed to recom-
bination of holes with electrons trapped in A I centers and is regarded as the
first ccmvincing case of hole recombination luminesecmee at activator contors in
ionic crystals. Further investigation is dosirable to determine whetther anion ex-
cltan_q may also become self-trapped in ion.1c crystals at low temperatures, Orig.
art. hast 2 figure5.
ASSOCIATION; Insti
fiziki i astronomii Akademli nauk EstSSR (Institute of-Ph
+hn AnffAafflt' n4, R~4-n~~a . lzn+~4aft ARRI

'Ir"Iri~T51 M-41
/I'U_4 fjP(c% ddTj~/JG
XR. A.P5009507 iF/0048/65/029/003/0373/0371
J*CCESSION
AUMOR: Zaz~ A - ikxye hah1k.Ch.B.
Li t!~gG.Q.; Lusihch LUG
Im-A: 0- ical- gtruatLrM of lumiunsceme centers in activated ionic crystals
=Et l2th Co~nfsroMj or. Dmirtescance hold in Ltvuv. 30 JammVeb 1964/
~SCUIRM: AN SIS.R. Izveatiya, Seriya fixichoskmys, v. 29, no. 3, 1965, 373-370
~Topjc T.,%Ga-. lumirwac6naz, Imineaceme polarization, lum nsceiit/cryst I
Iminencenne center, alkali halide,
:A4_ LOMI.- 1-his papqw~:Es concerne"&-gith ths Luminescence of alkali halids
activtted.b mrz -like i6nve~ Dxcitatlon.spectra P-ve jlwacutsd feir t-he
Y r 1. V_T7
*Umattd with inditWetwt: "Ota.11"ni 0 spectra); these Byeetra
a
C
tho fMi 2-to 10 SN. Vxtee Prlu--inal em.-ttatiOn re-gionz
ir.m d in -EiWIa;hed: a,- group of IOW Wavelength bauds (th-a A , D, and - C bands) ; an
ie_--i , bArd *JaCej%t to the liz9apontal rsbaorpttaa edp (the D d); a an
tatiou bat Rd
e~wiVation band vrUhin thA fuudnwntal absiorptiou Legion. Earlier orparimutal
I.Jata, bo+.h of the ymsent au4kors -a& Pf athara# mm *,d4wed# Lmolvdivg polarima-
[card -1/2

M09507-
A
AOMSION HR.,
card: 2/2
z =-n

vor(l)ZEWT(im)'~YEW~(t)/kn ijp(c)
ACC NRs AP61013073 SOURCS CCDB.- UR/0048/60/030/004/0654/0600
AUTHOR: 111mas,18. R.; Lushchik, Ch. B.
ORG: Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Academy of sciences, EstsSR (Irstitut
1IRRI I astronGii Aketdomli nauk EstSSR)
TITLE: Multiplication of electronic excitations in ionic crystals rReport, Fourteentli
Conference on Luninescence hold In Riga 16-23 September 1965
SOUW9., AN SSSR. Izvestlya. Seriya fizicheskayal v. 30, no. 4, 1966, 654-660
TOPIC TAGS: drystal phosphor, semicoaductor crystal, current carrier, Ionic crystal
pair production, excited electron.state
ABSTRACT: Each high-energy photon incident on a solid gives rise to hundreds or
thousands of electron-hole pairs and other electronic excitations, which may then be
manifested In different forms. The purpose of the present work Iwas to consider the
elementary processes~ of multiplication of 'electronic excltatinns'~'(KEE) initiated by
a UV photon that produces 2-3 excitations. Primary attention Is given to the multi-
plication mechanism in ionic crystals, The discovery of the effect of production of
two carrier pairs by one photon and other early and recent experimental studies are
reviewed with numerous references to Soviet and foreign authors. The results of
differeatinvestigators and the data obtained by the writers are drawn upon for more
or less.goneral discussions of photon multiplication resulting In luminescence effi-
Cad 1/2

L 28VO-66 EWT(1)LT IJP(c) 2g/AT
ACC NRs AP6013084 -SOURCE CODE, UW0048/66/030/004/0695/0697
AUMOR: Valo,G.K.; Z61otarev,G.K Kuketayev,T.A.: jAmhdhik.N.
ORG: none
gals Report Fourteenth
TITLS: Activator traps,for electrons end holes In ionic crys
Conference on Luminescence.held In.Rlga 16-23.Seetember 1965/
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya fizichoskaya, v. 30,-no. 4, 1966, 695-697
TOPI -C TAGS, crystal phosphor# alkali halide, recombination luziinescence, ionic crysta;
electron trap
ABSTRACT- The stated purpose of the paper is to at-marize the results obtained at
Tartu (Institute of Pliysics and Astronomy of the Estonian SSR Academy of Sciences) In
studies aimed at elucidating the role of activator ions In formation of electron and
hole traps., The basic experimental data were obtained in investigating different
alkali halido*crystals activated by IGa+, Int, T1+, 002+, Pb2+, Cut and Ad+ ions. A
4. gonoral discussion of;.the luminescence contors in such phosphors has been published
elsewhere (N.E.Lushchik and Ch.B.Lushchik, Tr. In-to fiz. I astron. AN HstSSR, No. 6
5, 1957). It is noted that the character of traps formed by activators is determined
,primarily b the charge of the activator Ion. For example, B:L3+ Ions are readily re-
duced to BX and trap an election In the process. Analogously Ge2+, Sn2+ and Pb?+
Ions in-a KCI lattice act.as effective electron trap A number of other.cases of

.-L 2020-66'
_ACC N;t:. AP6013084
effective electron trapping are mentioned with references to the papers describing
the corresponding investigations. Mention is made of decomposition of atomic centers
in ionic crystals, ands table gives.the.values of the decomposition temperature for
atomic Ag, Tl and Cu,In dIfferent alkali halides. The queatton Is then raised
whether activator centers in-the some systems are also capable of trapping holes.
Recent electron paramagnetic resonance studies and optical experiments indicate that
silver at any rate is capable of forming hole traps in alkali halide crystals. Refer-
ence is made to other studies and It is concluded that as a rule (and not as an
exception) activator.lunl'neacence centers in alkali halide crystals are capable of
trapping both electrons and holes, so that In many cases In alkali halide crystal
phosphors luminescence of activator centers Is observed as.a result of both recombina-
tion of electrons-with trapped holes and as a result of recombination of holes with;
trapped electrons..,Prig. art. has: I -table..
sun CCDH.0 20/ 0.UBHDATS GO/ PRIG 'REP: 017/ OM RW: 003
card 2/2

ACC NR: ji.,27001766
SOnICE CODE: UR/3119/66/ooo/oo4/0071/0063
AUTEGR: ll'iaas, E. R. ; Liyd'ya, G. G. ; Lu#4chiki Ch. B. ; Soovik, T. A.
ORG.; inGtitute of, Physics and Astronomy, JUI EstSSH (Distitut fiziki i astronom-ii
A~
.j ""GtSSR)
TITIZ; Photon multiplication in crystals and the phenomenon of radiolurainescence
SOURCE: M1 latSSR. Institut fiziki. Radiatsionnaya fizika, no. 4, 1966. ionnyye
kriztally (Ionic crystals), 71-83
1TOPIC TAGS: photon, radiolumineocence, x ray effect, quantum yield, ionic cryst&l,
a
sor
b ption band, light excitation
ABSTIUCT: In connection with their earlier experiments (Opt. i spektr. v. 18, 6-1j."
1965 and elseVaere) dealing with observation and investigation of photon
Icazion by crystals in the optical band (rather than x-ray or gamma region) , t*-e au-
thors, discuss in the present article the connection between this effect and the phe-
nomena of x-ray luminescence and radioluminescence. Particular attention is Paid to
the role of different electronic excitations of the crystal lattice and to lwai'-Aes-
cence excited in ionic crystals by hard radiation. Photon multiplication in the opt
Cal ranGe was investigated with a special set-up including a vacuum monochromator
diffraction grating, a high power discharge lamp, a monochromator, a vacuum chamber
Card 1/2

ACC NR- ATL7001786
for the samples, and a comparison standard (sodium salicylate) described in thle earli-
er investigation. A number of optical phenomena vere investigated in t---
&j ranGe from 5 to 21 eV, particularly the spectra of the quantum yield of sation~iq
photoluminescencc of several dozen activated ion crystals. Tne results show convinc-
inGly that photon multiplication in the optical region of the spectrum does eX1"5-u ZL-
rises when a single photon produces two electronic excitations in the crystal lat-.ice.
The t,,,o pozsible mechaisms for this phenomenon (exciton and electron-hole) are de-
scribi.-_-d there and characteristic features are compared with earlier experiments by the,
authors and by others. It is shown that these two mechanisms operate also in the case.'
of radioluminescence of ionic crystals. A formula is derived for the energy yield of
activator luminescence excited in the main absorption bands of a crystal. The possi-
bility of decreasing the time lag of the electron-hole radioluminescence mec~anisra in
scintillating crystals is discussed. As a rule, in stationary radioluminescence the
electron-hole mechanism predominates, while in scintillations the two mechanisMs are
in general on par. in NaI-T1 crystals the electron-hole mechanism apparently predomi-ii
-real scintillatiol:
!nates. It is shown that a possible reason for the deviation of the
yield from the estimates presented in the article is the inertia of the electron-hole
mechzinism. Orig. art. has: 4 figures, 4 formulas, and I table.
SUB CODE: 20/ SUBM DAM 00/ ORIG REF: 022/ OT11 REF. 006
LCard2

~ETROVSKIY, M.I.[Fetrovslkyis MA.1, dots., otv. red.; GRINOVETS,
I.F.[Hrynovetst, I.F.J., dots., red.; LUSHCHIXI, 1.0.
(Lushebykp 1.0.), dots., red.; MIKJIAY-LOVjV.I.T-IjNailov,
V.L.J,dots.., red.; PASTER, P.I., red.; TIVONCHUK, 1.0.
[Tyvonchuk, 1.0.3, kand. ekon. nauk, red.; YARENCHISHIN,
B.M. CIAremchyshyn, B.M.], st. nauchn. sotr., red.;
YAKIMTSOV, P.P., dots., red.; GRINSHPON, F.O.[Hrinshpon,
F.O.], red.; KVITKO, I.S., red.
[Flourishing of the economy of the western provinces of
the Ukrainian S.S.R., 1939-1961+1 Rozkvit ekonomiky zakhid-
r;ykh oblastei URSR (1939-1964 rr., LIviv, 1964. 126 p.
(MIRA 17:11)
1. LIvov. Universytet.

PETRf.)V!-,K:T[, l,-J,Ifetravslkyl.. ofv. red,,; -'Ijsqr!H:K, 1.0.
(LuSho'qk,. 1,0.], dcts., rad,,,.~ PETROV, V.,S., dots,,
Mli-KO7 Ls- red.
Naterial incentives end -e,~hno-`~,gical pr.?gress] Ma-
t.erial^-ne stymaliuvarmia j tekhaichnyL progres.
L7vivq Vyd-vo Llv-4-vslk..-.hs univ., 19614. 126 p.
(I"Ilu 18-8),
1. I.Ivc-v. Univer2ytal. Kafedra ekon--Apii.

LUSHCHIK K,I.
Our method for magnetizing magnets in the relays of
centralized traffic control systems. Avtom., telem. i
sviazI 9 no.10:28-29 0 165. (MIRA 18:1-1)
1. Starshiy inzh. kontrolino-ispytatellnogo punkta Sallskoy
distantaii Severo-Kavkazskoy dorogi.

LUSHCRIK, K.I. ~ .
Protection of frequency-type dispatcher interlocking
equipnent from atmospheric overvoltages. Avtom., telem.
I eviaz' 9 no.3:32-33 Mr 165. (MM 180-1)
1. Starshiy inzh. laboratorii kontrollno-i2meritellnykh
priborov Sa.1'skogo otdeleniya Severo-Kavkazskoy dorogi.

Current problems in the 21.11dy o.L' economics by trade-union activist
P:TIA 1/,;
groupse Sov.profsoiuzy 17 no.4:21 95 F 161.
1. Zaveduyushchiy lektorokoy gruppoy Moskovskogo gorodo`o.-o sovet ,a
profsoyuzov.
(Moscow-Sconomics-Study and teacUn,-)
(Moscow-Trade unions)

LUSHCHIK, C11,; MISHCHIK., N.
Regularities of fluorescence in activated ionic :-,.-ratals.
Acts, phys-11ca Pol 26 no.3/4,711-717 S--O 164.
1. Institute Of PhY8JC3 and Astronomy of the Acadomy Of
I
Cciences of the Estonian S.S.R., rartu.

LTT,SHCfTIK, N.
"Alkali halide phosphors activated with Indium."
p. 149 (Uurimused. Trudy) No. 6, 1957
Tartu, Estonia
SO: Monthly Index of East European Accessions (EEAI) W. Vol. 7, no. 4,
April 1958

24(2). ?4(71 SOV/48-22-11-16/33
AUTHORSt Lushchik, Ch. B.t_Lushchik, N. Ye.
TITLF,t Spectroscopy of Luminescence Centers in klkali-Halide Crystal
Phosphors Ictivated With Mercury-Type Ions (Spektroskopiya
t.sentrov lyuminestsentaii-v shohelochno-galoidrkvkh kristallo-
fo9.forakhP-,aktAv#ovahnyM rtutepodq,b,nvmi ionami)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Jkkademii nauk 'ieriya fizicheekaya, 1998, Vol 22,
Nr 11, pp 13cil-13:59-,
ABSTRACTt The structure of electron absorption spectra-(excitation spectra)
exhibits the'sa.me baiic'features in,.ah*-kinds~of phosphorsi A
wide~(sometimes.'spl -IT)-band"and a group consisting of three
weakei'long-w4ve bands. IA:quanti tativel'.comparisoIn of the char-
acteristjcs*of.~fr6e ions and of-the.lumin -escenIce centers dem-
onstrated,'-however,:that the ,properties of the !'mercury-type
.ions." are,-modified,by the-intramolecular field to a much greater
degree than7thoaez.ok'ihe-rare-earth ions. luch ions are
Sn+.".. T '2+- ions (Ref 18). For all
Ga Ge- I and Pb
metal i6putities.in alkali-hailid'e'erystals the "compression
coefkicient6'Q:- that is to say the field of the
Card 1/4 k. >~

soy/48-22-11-16/33
Spectroscopy of Luminescence Centers in~ k1kali-flalide Crystal--- Phosphors
Ac,tivat ed, With,, Mercuty~jyp~ lons.:
Fryptel,..Iattice: causes -.an,approNjqat,ion* of the. e4ergylevele of
the imp Y cat ion, re. YoicAmpurity,'anion -oenters an in-
verse. regula~rltj -ha to lber The,xutual, position
of .1P
3 0
P 'a P~. a(
nd 'is , odif Vidd if An' 46"'n Ts YArA~CL-d. into the lit'tice
29
field in~a Airobii~oii whi6h!1idid~ies-a' of-the (L,'$).-
bond by tht- ~(Ref- 31-4~.Jt 'ami0i'l4d), ihiLt' ap*rox~-
imately, 0 - 3~);~
9
Vd- make slome *pd&,*ant'~ - I foue~"e'sViiat'e's The i'n't'r,a''-
t - .4
uwei et:,'apl~ttlng. -~Ahio~lenls. of mercury-
strud-w
tupp.- of., Abs, .4p-000w Mo~:~ been Iny"A ige. P101*r- 44d, - 0 owork era
!tthada--an Y-Slea"D Quor (Ref a .22-25).,-
nd
T416 ".61-ep
centleira',o Phosphors, wb
1., 0.
iono~ ei~ibit t%PIO' *~gUP4U ourve
P*.ittw-V ok4 &,uW6-1A*:;16rrbr
Card 2/4 which '~AvsqiiCla, no

SOV/48-22-11-16/33
Spectroscop.r of' lzu.minescence Centers in Alkali-Halide Crystal Phosphors
Activated tith Mercury-Type Ions
(1 - 2 eV). This was also predicted by the theory of Pekar
(Ref 22) and can be concluded from thr Klick model (Ref 16). The
parameters of the potential curves of luminescence centers com-
puted according to data provided by measurements at different
temperature.,i demonstrated that 1, (,', and -~, are dependent upon
e
temperature, I being the quantum number, E e the energy of a
pure electron transition, and Q the activation energy of the
temperature extinction of' luminescence. The Mck-Mllws model
can be considered a good first order approximation of a descrip-
ticn of the luminescence centers. This model can be success-
fully used in describing a number of important spectral reg-
ularities in a semi-quantitative manner. Quite recently a new
physical phenomenon, that of an lloptirp.] extinction" in the im-
purity centers of the crystals was preaicted on the basis of
this model. Taking into account this etl'ect criteria of the
existence of luminescence and deviations from the Vavilov rule
(Refs 32,3,33,8) were investigated. There are 2 figures and
Card 3/4 33 references, 24 of which are Soviet.

SOV/48-22-11-16/33
Spectroscopy of' Luminescer~,-: Cen.ers in Alkali-Halide Crystal Phosphors
Activated With Mercury-Type Ions
ASSOCIATION: Inatitut fiziki i astronomii Akademii nauk Est3SR (Institute
of Physics and Astronomyp AS Estonian SSR)
Card 4/4

LUSHCHIK, N. Ye.) Candidate Phys-Math Sci (diss) -- "Investigation of centers of
luminescense in alkali-halogen crystal phaphors activated by mercury-like ions:
Ga", In', TV, Ge", Sn-", W, ". Tartu, 1959. 12 pp (Tartu State U) 225 copies
M.. No 25, 1959, 126)

LUSHCHIR., N.Ye.,, otv. red.
[Materials of the 7th Conference on Luminescence
(cryotallopho3phoresconce), hold at Moscov, June 26 to
July 3. 195SIMaterialy VII Soveshchaniia po liwdnestsen-
taii (kristallofosfory), Mloskva, 26 iiunia - 3 iiulia
1958 g. Tartu,, Akad. nauk Estonskol SSIR., 1959. 390 p.
(MRA 15:9)
1. Soveshchaniye po lyuminestsentsii. 7th, Moscow,, 1956.
(Phosphorescence--Congrearion)

LUSHCHIK,_ N. Ye., SHVARTS, K. K., LUSHCHIK, Ch. B., YAEK, I. V., and LUDIYA, G. G.
Physical Processes in Alkali Halide Phosphors
Activated by Mercury-Like Ions
Ch. B. Lushchik, 1. W. Jack, G. G. LU"dja, N. E. Lushchik, and K. K. Schwarz
Physics and Astronomy Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R.,
Tartu, U.S.S.R.
A number of alkali halide phosphors activated by monovalent and divalent ions
having the electronic configuration of neutral mercury were prepared. Diffusion
and precipitation of activator ions were investigated as were absorption, emission,
and radiationless processes within the impurity center. Energy transfer Ly means
of excitons and electron-hole pairs between the luminescent center, the host
crystal and color centers were also studied.
Report presented at the 117th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Chicago,
1-5 May 1960.

23334 3/058/61/000/006/020/G63
,9//, 3 S70 0 (// 3 7/ // 30, AOOI/AIOI
AUTHORS- Lushchik, N.,Ye,, Zazutcvich, S,G,
I The spectroscopy of impurity centers in alkali-halils crvs,~a's- ac-
tivated by noble metal ions
PERIODICAL, Refera-llvnyy zhurnal, Flzlka, nc, 6, 1961, 164-16,--, abatra,_-, 6V223
Tr . in-ta f iz . i astron . AN Es tSSIR" , 1960, no. 12, 2.6- - 270)
TEXTz Suectral charac-r~eris-,Ics of KCI and KBr single crys-,als ac-~ivated by
Cu. Ag and Au were Investigated,, The following spectra of abeorpldsn, excil-a-,len
and emission were obtained-, Mr-Ca 1001)K), KBr-Ag (1000K), KBr-Au (3000K), In
comparison with spectra of phoschors based on KC1, "he spes~~ra of KBr-Ag are dl~~_
placed towards longer wavelengths. A conclusion was drawn frc-m the ccmpari7ron of
imp~arity center charac~eri;tlcs in cr-y5taIs and free nc*---Ie lcns~ !,,~Mlnezc=nce
centers in cry2tals are ions. of rpi+, Ag ', Au', interactin-2 with the r_rcx�.mate trir_
rc;unding of the crystalline lattice. Electr,~niz state cf ncble ions and their in-
teraction with the zrystal)change a,~ absorption and emission of light b7 '~he cen-
ters. it has been fo)~md out that main bands of activator abscrption oorri~2p_~nd *.o
-ransItIons ndlo ->rld';' (n+l)p, N, Makelmova
[Abstracter's note.., Complete translation]
CArd 1/1

80554
6/051/60/008/06/015/024
zcjsbo 2201/1691
AUTHORS-. Lushchik, N.Yo. and Lushchik, Ch.B.
TITLE: Spectroscopy of the Luminescence Contras in Alk:ali-Halide Crystals
Activated with Homologous Series of Ions VK
PHRIODICALs Optika I spektroskopiya, 1960. Vol 8'L Nr 6, pp 839-846 (USSR)
ABSTMCT% This paper was first presented at the Conference on Physics of
Alicali-Wide Crystals hold In Tartu in June 1959. In alkali-halide
crystals activated with mercury-like (Go+, Gd++, Int, Sn++, Tl+, Pb++)
and other ions one-is dealing with "direct activation" when the
luminescence contras retain many characteristics of free ions. This
was found to be true for NaOl, X01, KBr and KI activated with the
mercury-like ions listed above (series I cr. Fig 1), as wall as
for two other hmologaus seriess Ce, Ai~, Au+ (series II, cf. Fig 3),
and CO, Sr*, Bat, Int, Gd+ (series III, cf. Ffg 4). f4gantitative
analysis of the results (Fig 2) showed that the "compression" coefficient
e (the ratio of the energy of transition in a free Lon, If, to the
energy of the corresponding absorption band maximm, Ef,,of the same
Card 1/2 ion acting as a luminescence contra in a crystal) rises linearly on

80554
8/061/60/008//06/015/034
1201/3691
Spectroscopy of the Luminescence Contras in Alkali-Halide Crystals Activated with
Homologous Series of Ions
increase of If$
e - + &zf
Estimates obtained using Rq (1) showed that *direct activation" of
&limli-halide crystals with other homologous series of ions Is -also
possible, at least In principle. A promising line of Investigation
is "direct activation* of alkali halides with So+. Ti++, V+, Zr4+,
LOt and Hf++. which dif for from mercu-.-y-like ions by the &be once
of a filled d-shell. There are 4 figures and 30 references, 19 of
which are Soviet, 9 English and 2 German.
SUBUITTEDs Septsmber 28, 1959
Card 2/2

84673
S/051/6o/oog/002/011/013/XX
?'A-SG" 2 2-0 S 11 Litt E201JE491
AUTHORS: Lushchik, Ch.B., LUBhchik, N.Ye. and Shearts, K.K.
TITLE: Electronic-Vibrational Processes in Luminescence
Centres of Ionic -Crystals
PERIODICAL: Optika I spektroskopiya, 1960, Vol.9, No.2, pp,215.-222
TEXT: The paper was first presented at the Eighth Conference on
Luminescence held In October 1959 in Minsk.
The authors report a detailed study of electronic-vibrational
processes in luminescence centres of alkali-halide crystals
activated with Hg-like ions. The luminescence and absorption
spectra were recorded and the luminescence quantum yield was found
as a function of the exciting-light frequency Ve and temperature.
This was done for KC1-,In, KBr-In, KCI-Ga, KBr-Ga, KC1-T1, KBr-T1,
NaCl-Tl, KCI-Pb, KC1-Sn, KBr-Sn and other crystals. Some of the
results are given in Figs.1 to 4. Fig.1 shows the luminescence
spectra of NaC1-Tl at 5500K excited with 254 m4 (curve 1),
280 m1i (curve 2) and 289 m1i (curve 3). Fig.2 gives the absorption
and luminescence spectra of NaCI-TI (1), KCI-Tl (2), NaCI-Pb (3),
KCI-Pb (4) and KBr-Pb (5). Fig.3 shows the energy diagrams of
KCI and KBr crystals activated with Tl+, Pb++, In+ and Sn++.
Fig.4 gives the quantum yields of luminescence of NaCl-Tl at
Card 1/2

84678
S/051/60/009/002/011/013/XX
E201/E491
Electronic-Vibrational Processes in Luminescence Centres of
Ionic Crystals
5800K (la) and KCl-Tl at 6ooOK (1b) as a function of the.exciting-
light frequency; curves 2 and 3 represent, respectively, the
absorption and luminescence spectra of NaC1-Tl (a) and KCl-Tl (b).
It was found that radiative and radiationless transitions occurred
in luminescence centres after equilibrium was reached between the
vibrational energy distribution in a crystal and the same
distribution in excited centres. The quantum yield depended
step-wise on Ve : within individual electronic-vibrationai
absorption bands the yield was independent of V ev but it was
different for different absorption bands. There are 4 figures,
I table and 45 references: 35 Soviet, 9 English and I German.
SUBMITTED: November 30, 1959
Card 2/2

S/61 61/000/014/007/019
D207YD303
AUTHORS: Lushchik, N. Ye., and Zazubovich, S. G.
TITLE: Spectroscopy of luminescence nenterB in ionic crystals
activated with noble ions (Cu+, Ag+, Au+)
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fiziki i astrono-
mii. Trudy. No. 14, 1961. Issledovaniya po lyuminest-
sentsii, 141-167
TEXT: The authors investigated the absorption and luminescence
spectra of KBr, KC1 and NaCl activated with Cu, Ag and Au. Compari-
son of the energy structure of luminescence centers in the phos-
phors with the structure of free Cu+, Ag+, Au+ ions gave informa-
tpion on the nature of these centers. Phosphor monocrystals were
prepared either by the Kyropoulos method or by method of diffusion
of the activator from gaseous phase. The initial materials were
KBr of analytic purity, K01 of special and chemical purities, and
NaCl of spectroscopic and chemical purities. AgBr, AgNo 31 CuCl and
Card 1/3

S/61 61/000/014/007/019
Speotross-opy of luminescence D207YD303
HA.uCl were used to activate the alkali halides. The phosphors
formei unstable solid solutions with their activators and, there-
fore, KBr:Cu, K01:Cu and KBr:Au were quenched after heating to
4000C, while KBr:Ag, K01:Ag and KC1:Au were quenched after heating
to 6000C. Absorption spectra were recorded with a spectrophotome-
ter C (SY-4). Emission and excitation spectra were obtained with
two st-4'instruments, one of which was used to select the required
emission or excitation wavelengths. Low-temperature measurements
were carried out in a metal cryostat, in which temperature could be
varied continuously from 100 to 5000K. The authors examined the ac-
tiv~Ltor distribution in the phosphors using a microscope P1 60(MBI)
and a dark field condenser. They also compared the phosphor absorp-
tion, excitation and emission spectra with the energy level struc-
ture of free Cu+, Ag + and Au+ ions. The results indicated that the
luminescence centers were mainly single Cu+ 9 Ag+ and Au+ ions
(type'I centers). There were also some centers (type II) composed
of these ions associated with crystal defects, such as vacancies
Ca-rd 2/3

S/613/61/000/014/007/019
Spectroscopy of luminescence ... D207/11303
or dislocations. The-nature of type I centers-was firmly estab-
lished, but further work is needed on type II centers. Acknowledg-
ment is made to Ch. B. Lushchik for suggesting the subject and di-
recting the work and to R. I. Gindina for help in microscopic mea-
surements. There are 16 figures and 43 references: 29 Soviet-bloc
and 14 non-Soviet-bloc. The 4 most reoent references to the Eng-,
lish-language publioations, read as follows: D. Barber, K. Harvey-
and J. Mitchell, Phil. Mag., 2, 704 (1957); H. Etzel and J. Schul-
man, J. Chem. Phys., 22, 1549 (1954); R. Knox, Phys. Rev., 115,
.1095 (1959); Y. Uchida and R. Kato, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 14, 1408
(1959).
SUBMITTED: July 29, 1960
Card 3/3

S/61 61/000/014/016/019
D207YD303
AUTHORS: Zazubovichg S. G., and Lushchik, N. Ye.
TITLE: Luminescence spectra of centers in crystals activated by
isoelectronic ions
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fiziki i astrono-
mii. Trudy. No. 14, 1961. Issledovaniya po lyuminest-
sentaii, 283-285
TEXT: The authors studied emission and excitation spectra of lu-
minescence of KC1:Tl, KCl:Pb and KC1:Bi phosphors in order to findLe"
the effect of change from free to bound state on the transition
energies of activator ions. KCl:T1 (0.03 mol.% Tl in melt) and
KC1:Pb (0-5 mol.% Pb in melt) were grown by the Kyropoulos method.
K01:Bi (0.01 mol.% Bi in melt) was prepared by the Stockbarger-
Shamovskiy method in evacuated sealed quartz ampoules. Excitation
1 __.3 p
and emission spectra showed that in M phosphors the S 0 , 1
vibronic (electronic-vibrational) transition energies decrease
Card 1/2

S/613/61/000/014/016/019
Luminescence spectra of ... D207/D303
alona the series Tl + - Pb 2+ - Bi 3+ in contrast to free ions where
this energy increases from Tl to Bi. Energies of purely electronic
transitions behave in a similar way. This decrease of the transi-
tion energies is governed primarily by the activator ion charge
and, to a much lesser extent, by the type of the ion. It is known
that KC1 phosphors activated with the isoelectronic ions In+,
Sn 2+ and Sb 3+ behave in the same way. A theoretical explanation of
these observations is to be published by N. N. Kristofell (Trudy
IFA AN ESSR, no. 15, 1961 - in print). It is intended to follow up
the present note with a more detailed communication, There are 1
figure and 7 references: 5 Soviet-bloc and 2 non-Soviet-bloc. The
reference to the English-language publication reads as follows:
A. Glasner and R. Reisfeld, J. Chem. Phys., 32, 956 (1960).
SUBMITTED: February 20, 1961
Card 2/2

S/61 61/000/014/019/019
D207YD303
AUTHORS: Zazubovich, S. G.,_Lushchik, N. Ye-, and Lushchik, Ch. B.
TITLE: Polarized luminescence of the KCltBi phosphor
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fiziki i astrono-
mii, Trudy. No. 14, 1961. Issledovaniya po lyuminest-
sentsii, 292-293
TEXT: The authors investigated the luminescence of the KC1:Bi
phosphor and found that Bi 3+ emission was polarized. The degree of
polarization, P = (III - ILOI + I
11 _L_), for the 3.5 - 3.9 eV exci-
tation band was not greatly affected by the exciting frequency and
reached 0.8. Comparison of the angular dependence of polarization
with P. P. Peofilovts theory (Ref. 3: Polyarizovannaya lyuminest-
sentsiya atomovq molekul i kristallov (Polarized Luminescence of
Atoms, Molecules and Crystals), GIPML, Moscow, 1959) showed that
fundamental oscillators where linear electric dipoles aligned
along C4 axes, i.e. along the cation-anion direction. The absorp-
Card 1/2

S/613/61/000/014/019/019
Polarized luminescence D207/D303
tion is due to 1S0-->3p1transitions. The high degree of polariza-
tion of KCI:Bi luminescence was due to point, defects next to Bi 3+
ions which impede reorientation of P electron-density "dumb-bells"
along C4 axes. After X-ray radiation of KC1:Bi, the number of
Bi 3+ centers was found to be strongly reduced. Simultaneously new
activator centers, Bi 2+, appeared in the Dhosphor. The excitation
spectrum of the new centers was peaked in the region of 4.25 eV
and the emission band had a maximum at 2.9 eV. Luminescence of
Bi 2+ centers was practically unpolarized; this is in agreement
with the absence of polarization of luminescence due to 2S1/2
2P1/2 transitions in free Bi 2+ ions. Detailed results will be pub-
lished later. There are 4 Soviet-bloc references.
SUBMITTED: April 29; 1961
Card 2/2

~Ly S/C58/62/C-00/008/046/134
A061/A101
AUTHORS: Lushchik, N. Ile., Lushchik, Ch. B.
TITLE: Electron-vibrating processes in the luminescence centers of ionic
crystals with the participation of some.excited states
PFRIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Fizika, no. 8,1962, 43, abstract 8V299
("Tr. In-ta fiz. i astron. A.N EstSSR". 1961, no. 15, 30 - 55;
summary in Dnglish)
TEXT: The dependence of spectra and quantum yield of luminescence in
KCI-In, KBr-In, KBr-Ga, KBr-Sn, KBr-Tl, KBr-Pb, and KI-Tl phosphors on the fre-
quen'cy of exciting light has been investigated at 100 and 2950K. Emission spec-
tra of impurity centers in crystals and of free mercury-like ions are compared
in detail. The mechanism of nonradiative 1p, -,>3p transitions and the effedt of
'Fagitation" of electronic 6tates in 1 uminescence centers are discussed. There
-are 28 references.
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
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7, D051/D113
AUTHORS: Lushchik, Ch.B., Gindina, R.I.y Zazubovich, S.G., and
Lushchikp N.Ye.
Q
TITLEi Polarization characteristics of some alkali halide crystal
phosphors
SOURCEx Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fizilci i astronomii.
Trudy, no. 17, 1961. Isaledovaniya po lyuminest.sentsii, 38-49
,TEXT: The polarization characteristics of the luminescence of alkali halidei
~crystals activated by mercury-like (Gat, In~, Tl+, Pb++7 Bi ... ) and noble
i(Cu+, Ag+, Au+) ions were investigated. The study was conducted so as to
!6xiDla-*n how far activator ions interact with different types of crystal de-
fect3 B'hd whether.these defects spread to luminescence centers whose "core"
,is composed of mercury-like And noble ions. The polarization method em-
lployed'was developed by-.P.P.Peofilov who used it to reveal the anisotropy
;of colored centers and luminescence centers established by rare earth ions
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S/613/61/000/017/003/011
:Polarization characteristics ... D051/D113
Iin certain metal fluorides.0 It was shown that the emission of the main
luminescence centers at 293 K is not polarized in most phosphors. The
Juminescence centers in KC1-Bi and NaCl-Ag phosphors reveal a strong
.Polarization of luminescence. Azimuthal dependences of the degree of
:polarization show that the oscillators are oriented along the C axes. It
is doubtful whether such an orientation testifies to an anion difect near
:'.he activator. The polarization diagram of KC1-Bi corresponds to.that of
.absorption and emission by electric linear oscillators. The polarization
spectra of KC1-Bi, NaCl-Ag, XCl-Tl, and NaCl-T1 were investigated and dis-
cussed. There'are 6 figures. The most important English-language reference!
is: C.Click, W.Compton, Phys.Chem. Solids, 7,170, 1958; 1
SUBMITTED: April 21, 1961

S/613/61/000/017/004/011
D05l/Dll3
113ki
AUTHORSt Zazubovich, S.G., and Lushchik, N.Ye.
0 iTITLE; Alkali halide phosphors activated by bismuth and antimony
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fiziki i astronomii.
Trudy, no. 17, 1961. Issledovaniya po lyuminestsentsii, 50-66
'TEXT: The study was conducted so as to obtain and examine spectroscopically"
.alkali halide crystals activated by bismuth and antimony. The principles
igovernIng the preparation of the phosphors were: small activator concentra_ V~
)tions and high temperatures for obtaining solid solutions of KC'*B'C'3 and
IKCl*SbCl systems, quick cooling of the systems in order to oversaturate the!
isolid soLtions, increase in the solubility of the triva ent activators by
introducing bivalent negative ions (e.g.S intended to
compensate the excess positive charge of the activator ions. On this basisp'
ithe single-crystal phosphors M-Bil NaCl-Bi, KBr-Bi and the phosphor M-W
~were obtained, using for the Bi-phosphors the Stokbarger-Shamovskiy method
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iAlkali halide phosphors ... D051/Dll3
,of single-crystal growth (L.M.Shamovskiy, L.M.Rodionova, A.S.Glushkova,
;Izv. JUT SSSR, ser.fizich 22,3,1958). It was found that the luminescence
;centers in KCl-Bl are Bi ions which are effective trapping centers for
.electrons. The Sb-activated phosphors showed complex luminescence center
structure. The regularitin- in,the spectra o~ KC1 3rystals activated by the
Asoelectronic ions Tl+, Pbz~ Bj3+ and In'~, Sn +, Sb + are discussed.
!Gh.B.Lushchik and E.S.Tiisler are thanked for help rendered. There are 10
figures. The most important English-language reference iss. A.Douglas,
;D.Hartree, W.Runeiman, Proo.Roy.Soc., 51, 486, 19550
!SUBMITTED: April'27, 1961

S1613/61/000/017/005/011
1 4(, 5 inz) 2, 119'3) D051/D113
'AUTHORSi Lushchik, N.Ye. and lofuuga, I.A.
TITLE: The spectroscopy of crystals activated by merouxy-like ions.
II. Calcium orthophosphate phosphors
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk Estonskoy SSR. Institut fiziki i astronomii.
Trudy, no. 17, 1961. Issledovaniya po lyuminestsentsii, 67-86.
:TEXT: This paper is a continuation of investigations of the spectral
icharacteristics of alkali halide crystals activated by mercury-like ions,
,which were conducted by Ch.B.Lushchik and N.Ye.Lushchik from 1955 to 1960.
,The present work describes the simple laboratorial method of preparation and,
-,the spectral features of a group of phosphors based on Ca (P04)2 and acti-
ivated by mercury-like ions. Calcium orthophosphate phospLrs were studied
;because of the need for economy in cheap luminophores suitable as spectral
itransformers in luminescent lamps of ultraviolet emission (.A - 253.7;
i185 m/4). The results of the study wore satisfaatoryo ~The excitation and
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3/613,/61/000/017/005/On
-The spectroscopy D050113
!emission spectra of the impurity centers were measured at 2930+vd 1?0 0 K
land compared with the spectral characteristics of free Ga+, Ge 0 in I Sn++
ITI+ and Pb++ ions. The comparison permitted interpretinG the electron
.,structure of the snectra of the studied phosphors. A.V.Moskin, P.M.Pekerma4!
iA.V.Morozovap E.Mdnnik~, and L.I.Karaseva are thanked for help rendered.
'There are 7 figures and 1 table. The most important English-language
ej-7 !reference-is: K.Butler, J.Eleatrochem.Soq., 100,250, 1953-
SUBMITTEDi April 20, 1961
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LUSHCHIK, Ch.B.; LIYD'YA, G.G.1 LUSHCHIKI N.Ye.; MARTS, K.K.; YAEKI I.V.
Physical processes i4 alkali halide crystal phosphors activated by
mercury-like ions. iz.tver.tela 3 no-4:1176-.1184 Ap 161.
(MM 14:4)
le Institut fiziki i astronomii AN Retonskoy SSR, Tartu.
(Phosphors)