SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LYULICHEV, A.N. - LYULYAYEV, V.K.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001031220012-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 31, 2001
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

AUTHORS, 7
Lyuli@-hev A, N. L,-,, -. r @ o -EV. 1 3
TITLE: The DeterminaT. on - f the V -I um,@ of Ref ra.: , cr i -s
According to the Abscrption of I@Iamma Rad1--ar,---:r, 'p:--de

_qhchen"r,
obflyemnogo vesa -,gneupcrzqkh iLde3iy p@, j)-,,7 .-
gamma-izlucheniya)
PERIODICAL: Ogneupory '958 Nr PP 3 9 Y'd @USSR)
ABSTRACT: The 1111110 @IabGra--d thiB math,@d ai,,! te-s'k--i it witti rm@fra--t@
rie8 of various dimen@i-c-s as weii fis wil@! ranges Of
the volume weights -f g, : m' , The - c,, amr-
weight can be det--@rzrir,.Pm f,r produ-, hav@rg twe, para: e3
surfaces.
1) Appaxatus ard me+,hcd of detp-rminaticr.@ The determratir.n
of the volume weigh- i@i ta.-ied -.r. @he h.,-ira,J@r -f he at
sorption of gamma rad;ati,-n paiisir,g thrlugh a si@ostat--, Th,@
apparatus has a ga-mm Boarre a-@ we,-! a,:@ a cluan-,-
and prior to its u;.e 1-. 1,3 al..,brated by (F samples
known density. The ---heme rf such an appara,,Aq i3 sh@@vn if;
Fig 1. A Geiger Md-ler co,nter ;.Ge@gEr- Yit-y-- -r -ountqr@ @f
Card 1/4 the type AIM, 4 as we' t -as a c -.mp., ter he t YPe PS 64 ax@@

30VP3- -588-7 ?/'4
The Determinatioa of the Volume Weight of Refra--tori@-:5 A-cording to th@-
Absorption of Gamma Radiation
used.
2) The deperden,,,e I-f the a----ura@y cf deteiminaTi-r- --n the
energy of the gamma radiatl,;n source: In the @.ase ::f a con
siderable thickness of the samp1ca tc b-a 1&vestigated the
error of determination 16 dependznT on the ina,'*cura-y c,f ,h@
calculation ln 1 /T where I denotes thq -adiati,-ri inter
sity. After this th6 -al@ulatlon is --a.Tr@ed out in d@--*a-11-
3) The inflaen -@ c@f oth-@r fa;-t(---t3 or., the a.@----a-y of det@-r
mination: Table f givev the reisa.Ts of th-@ m-z-a6uiaments as
dependent on the position of the @ampla and in Fig 2 Thc9e
for refractori@q @f diff,@@rer(@ chem'.cal composit-,or are
shown@ The experimentaL 7al,@P--3 cbtained prc-s the appli-@:at'-'
lity of *,his meth,@4@,
4) The arrangement of the graphical oalibraticr. plar. as sh-*w-n
in Fig 3. It was made or IV-he ba.ais of meaaurements of -resorb
irgsamples of diffairent @hi.-kaess,
5) The checking c-f the matriod rith varicus obje-..ts and th':
determInatior. @,f the a.--uracy (@f the rvFsilts,
Card 2/4 Refractories of different dimension,E@ and thickness as w&''

3uvl'31 58-7-7/'ll
The Determination of the Volume Weight of Refractoziea A,@cording t- the
Absorption of Gamma Radiati3n
as in different positions were checked as to their volume
weight. The results of these investif7r,,ions are given in
Table 2 and they show that the deviations between the valu@s
obtained according to the gamma radiation and those obtaired
by the hydx,,statl@- method remain within the framework set
up by GOST specifications.
Conclusions:
1) The possibility of the determination of the volume weigh'
by means cf the absorption of gamma radiation for refracto
ries of a volume weight of from 0,75 to 3,35 9/om3 and of
dimensions of from 65 - -18o mm was found.
2) The optimum geometric parameters of the apparatus were
determined.
3) The method was checksd on products of different kinds and
it was found that it corresponds to the GOST specifications.
Thera are 3 figures, 2 tables., and 7 references, 6 of which
are Soviet.
Card 3/4

SOV/1 3 1-58-7-7/14
The Determination of the Volume Weight of Refractories According to the
Absorption of Gamma Radiation
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoy-uzriyy nauchri, issledovatellskiy institut ogneuporov
(All-Union Scientifi,- Research Institute for Refra-stories)
1. Cerami Gamma i-adjat.*1or,--AbsorpL110T1 3 Geiger ccunters
--Applicaz,ions Ceramlo matef@ial--MierovoLumetrlc
Card 4/4

AUTHORS: Kraftmakher, Ya. A., Lyulichev, A. N., SOV/32-24-7-51/65
Shaktid n, D. M.
TITLE: The Investigation of,the Operation of Laboratory Mixers by Means
of Magnetic Indicators (Izucheniye raboty laboratornykh smesi-
teley pri pomoshchi magnitnykh indikatorov)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1958, Vol. 24, Nr 7,
pp. 893 - 895 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The apparatus constructed is based On the measurement of the
magnetic conductivity of the samples in the low-frequency
magnetic field. The instrument measuring the ma,',-netic
susceptibility was constructed by Ya.A.Kraftmakher. The measuring
unit is an H-shaped armature on which three induction coils are
arranged. The sample to be investigated is attached in such a
way to the measuring unit that the magnetic flux passes through
it; thus the inductive voltage in one of the coils is changed and
the voltage of the measuring unit serves as a standard for the
magnetic susceptibility of the sample. From the schematic re-
presentation of the apparatus given may be seen that a low-
frequency generator, the measuring unit, a low- frequency am-
Card 1 /2 plifier, a detector, a lamp voltmeter as well as a visual in-

The Investigation of the Operation of Laboratory SOV/32-24-7-5 1/65
Mixers by Means of Magnetic Indicators
dicator and a supply pack are assembled. The instrument has six
measuring ranges of from jo-4 to jo-1 units of magnetic
susceptibility in the CGSM system: the degree of mixing is de-
termined by the measuring of the concentration of the magnetic
powder in the samples taken from different places. The con-
centration of the magnetic powder is measured according to
the magnetic susceptibility of the specimens pressed from
the samples to be investigated. Granular sizes of quartzite
of up to 0,5mm were used in the experiments; iron powder of
2,5% Ca(OH)21 0,5% sulfite alcohol vinasse, 8% water and 1,5%
iron powder served as indicator. The results obtained were ob-
tained from the mean value of the magnetic susceptibility and
an equation; a diagram is given. There are 3 figures,
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut ogneuporov
(All-Union Scientific Research Institute For Refractories)
Card 2/2

SOV/32-24 -1 C- 92,'-0
AUTHORS: Lyulichev, A. N. Ch,,zprinin, F. I., K--@-,ralenk:@, S.

TITLE: An Apparatus for Determining the Thermal Expansion Coeff,.cie-.-
of Refractor'es (Prilor d1ya opredeleniya koeffits.'yen-,a ter-.@-
cheskogo rasshireniya ognpupo rriykh materialov)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 19".8 , Vol 24, Nr 10, pF 1282-'28@
OSTRACT: In a number of cases the 1r.,,,,& sti6ations of me-chfinical ,,I,!
properties of refractories MU 3t be carried cut at temprr-i-
tures (about 2000c). In vJt'-w of the fact that differential
methods use the application o f standards for ieterm,,ning
th ermal expansion coefficient a, and that on, th--s occasion ilq-
an addit4onai pressure on the sample r-iy ocaur, t*-e @r@sent
cons true. ti or. of t@e appar,-i@,.@s is based or ar'absol,,.@te method.
From the dipgray. and thf@, J@-s2 ription given it ma,-- seen ,at
th
a horizon *tal microscope of e type MG -1 (prov4le]
'enqeS to 4norp
dispersion I - qSp
the focal distancc!) Is
comparator.. The measurem@@ntq were carried out at a temperat,-1-
of 85C-49000 within ranges of 10CO each. The maximum absolut,:
error of the method iescri4bed is , 0,07@o. The values of the
Card 112 thermal expans: .i:)n coeM -4 ent of MgO calculated acccrdine @2 ti--

0 2 / '7 Q
,07 lz 2-24-
Co,ffic -ent Of I'Pf
,an5
r,,g t,,.,, Thermal
cr
kn kpparatus f in,3d agree vith thos' er; mer.,ta,p- nts
al data obt of the exp
experiment 'Ons arp 2 f ig',Ires
The deviat'@
'ILef ',). 04b. There
are no* More than Ors -
c,, 4s Soviet
the curve
referp
C;ard 2/2

!D-@ 6.20
29997
5/170/61/004,/012,, 007/0 11
B104/Bl 38
-H, R3. Vis',nevs;,J@ I. I. it
y, LyulJchev, A. N., Sukharevs.-@Iy, B. Ya-
L E Liber.'-lDn -)f i7qjes fr-j:n vacu,,Ln-heated refrac--@r@: cera@ics
@i z @hesk 4 Vzh-,,irnal, v. 4, no. 12, --7
X, - -hp a-@*.h:)rs tes-.ed the @-oruridum and V 'Ki and K no,is
1. 2 @ 21
Rf" @ind 19A (7G :ind VL) , and aluminosilicate refractDres AA and A
1 2
(AL1 and AL 2). The amount -3C gas liberated was estimated from press--ire
,iariations in the experimental apparatus, which was evacuated pri@jr tz) the
exder 'the pressure variations were measured with AM -2 "Li@-2,' and
)IT-2 (LT-2) pressure gauges and with a 90T -1 (VIT-1) vacuum gau6e, 21-P
Test chamber was a steel tube 50 mm in diameter and 1@00 mm lGng (capacity
@ibout 3 liters). Eight cylindrical specimens -56 am iri iiameter and 3@- mm
3 were placed in ter of the heating zone. To eliminate impuri-
!on, the cen
ties, the specimens were previously annealed in air at 10000C f,,r )ne
ha, i r Before starting the tests the chamber w 4 th specimens in it. was
@Vac,,I-Itej to ab'Jut 5.10-5 mm Hg. The speciziens were heated a

29997.
S/170/61 _2 1, 22
L,-berati-m of gases from vacuumi-heated B104/B148
rate or 0/min. As can be seen from Fig. 1, gas liberat!-Dn peaks a,@--,ear
@Ot.'--OOC -and 700-80()()C.
a I It is shjwn that the first maximur... is re-
iate@ t,-) ies,)rption of -asi@!g, and thesecand to reduction ol- oxides.
Finally, th- quality of the varit)us refract)rips is estiimated fr,-)r-. @.he
The @,-ec mers
u n t -,t s -_@s lj,@@ ru were supplied b-, A. 1. R3yzen.
There are 2 fL@7ares, 2 tables, an@ references: 2 Soviet and ' n,,n-
scvlet-
A .33",, 1'@ T.-@@j:Institut jg@neuporov, Kharlkov (Institute of Refractory
07aterials . Khar'kov@
3
BM
- ITTED: February 10, 1961
Te::i,,eralure 3r time' de-)endence of inf'ltrat4on @A o. I Im in
(2) K (3')Br(VG); (4)13)1 (VL); (,)A-@, 'AL.'..
t.,.) la: 2
AJ1_ (AL ); (7) ilie run sys@em (w;tbjut s:@ecimens).
2
1b: @1 ') first test; @tfter 2-hours in air; ift,@r
Fi,
--'.'ter 2@lj hr in al, 1 roasting at 1000OC; (@7) Ldle r_@n
a r d 2/0

ACC NRI AP6007917 UR/0125/66/000/002/0010/0014
AUTHOR: Verkin, B. I.; Kravchenko, Ye. L.; Lyulichev, A. ff.
ORG: Physicotechnical Institute of Low Temperatures, AN.UkrSSR (FizLko-tekhnicheskiy
instLtut nizkikh temp;ratur AN 1IS-SSR)
TITLE: Interlocking of alumintum YLth copper in high vacuum
Y.
SOURCE: kvtcmatichaskaya avarka, no. 2, 1966, 10-14
TOPIC TAGS: metal bonding, cold welding, gas adsorption, compressive stress hi h
vacuum ), tt"
-T M - I.L Y-ej@A-4@
ABSTRACT: This investigation was intended to determine the effect of the purit) of
surface an adhesion Ibetween metals (Al ani Cu in high vacuum -- 10-9-10-5mm Hg),
with the required compressive stress used as the criterion of adhesion. A specially
developed experimental setup was used for this purpose (Fig. 1). Mounted within the
chamber are: working assembly 1-5, device for cleaning'the surface of specimens 6-12,
and manometric j1pamps TZ-2 A IH-12 .@Pe working assembly is designed to compress the
specimens togither. it is-4,611
pri-s-entJ by two identical inserts, each consisting of
punch 1, rod 2, guide bush 3 and sylphon 4. Specimen 5 is attached directly to the
punch. The load is applied via rods 2 by means of a 'Brinell press. To remove oxide
films from the surface directly within the chamber, use Is made of a cleaning aseembl:
1--card- 1/3
UDC: 621.792.8

c i

L 2 27-66
ACC p., Ip@6007917

-Toward N 5 PUMP

f setup:
uuci;palct 0the hydr,096U PUMP
caudettstug
1. Diagram o ,,trogen-trapsi
11
wgter trap; 9

213
card

ACC NR'AP6007917
consisting of scraper 6, sylphon 7, rod 9, pivot 10 and washer 11. Peepholes 8, 12
make it possible to observe cleaning. The setup is evacuated by means of a N-5 dif-
fusion pump. Traps I-III are designed to assure reliable freeze-out of the pump's
oil vapors as well as of the decomposition products. Findings: even insignificant
contamination 0f @fl Cnd Cu surfaces increases the required.com ressive stress by one
order of magnitud Ieaned surface of Al in a vacuum of 1 17 MM Hg is contaminated
by adsorbed Sasesk he degree of contamination is proportional to the product of pres
sure and exposure time, i.e. to the amount of gas adsorbed at the surface from the
chamber's interior; mechanical cleaning of the surface is naturally ineffective in
such cases. Thus more effective methods of surface treatment of specimens are needed
before the aspects of adhesion between metals in high vacuum can be properly investi-
gated. It can be established, however, that the compressive stress is not a physical
characteristic of thqkadhesive properties of pure surfaces, since it is a function
of surface roughnessV'rhus it is theoretically possible that atomically smooth and
pure surfaces can mutually interlock without requiring mechanical compression: Orig.
art. has: 6 figures.
SUB CODE: @ 11, 13, 20/ SM DATE: 09Sep65/ ORIG REF: 006/ OT11 REF: 005
vappum diffusion bondin ig
b2jnding of dissimilar metals

LYULIGHEVA, N. N.
"Application of the Methods of Sratial Metallography in Exposing the Influence
of Phase Separation on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel." Cand Tech
Sci, Khartkov Polytechnic Inst imeni V. I. Lenin, Min Higher Education USSR,
Kharlkov, 1954. (KL, No 1, Jan 55)
Survey of Scientific and Technical Dissertations Defended at USSR Higher
Educational Institutions (12)
SO: Sm. No. 556, 24 Jun 55

AUTHOR. Lr,.;-! 1- -he -,-a, N, N, 126-2-119/30
TITLE. Volume --Laiv3-s 5-- 11 1' -1 e T La s e d:.-, 1 4 11 -L eMpp
J. E _ring of
St,@!. (Ob"yemiye izmenerLya kapbidnoy fazy rri ctpuske
a! e
MiIODI@@-, "Fizl@a Metall@v i Metallovedeui.@e'l (Physi--s of Metals
and 1957, P-1,-'319-330, (USSR),
@A.BSTRILCT: In investigatirg the st-racture of temj' ,ered steel b7 means
of an elect-n3n mic-zos-:cPe it was found that the quantity of
the detected carbide phase is considerably larger tLan it
should be on the basis of' the :.ontents of' carbon in accord-
ance with. the formula Fe C (1-3),The respective alltilCT-5
repan,@-4 9
t@@ tLe screening of tLe ferrite
attribute this disc,
by tile protruding -:arbide particles and other inadequa@-ies
of the method of pL6tcgraph-ing, by means of a-r, electroni,:,
microscope; however, their assumptions Lave not been con,-
firmed by experiment or by calo-ulation. On the otLer Land
a number of experiments are described in literature, on tLe
basis of which th-e respective authors c.-onclude that low
temperature carbide contain-5 more iron than 4-.t should on
Card 1/5 the basis of tLe stechiometric ratio in accordance with
the formula Fe3C . The author of tLis paper investigated
by methods of 3z-dimensional metallograpLy, using am opticad

Volume Changes Of the carbide p@iase during tempering of
steel. (Cont. ) 1?-6-2-19/ 30
microscope and an electron microscope, the changes in the
volume of the carbide pLase and steels with a heterogeneous
structure. The investigations were effected on carbon,
silicon and manganese steels in the tempering range 450 to
700 C and relations were establislaed which govern tLe
change in the volume of the carbide p@iase as a function of
the temperature and the duration of tiae tempering. An
assumption was expressed on the structure of the carbide
phase during low temperature tempering. T@ie specimens were
of the steels 25, Y7, Y10, containingg respectively 0.31,
0.68 land 1.06% C and also silicon steel containing 1.65% Si
Of
and 0.6p C and a manganese steel containing 1.7% Mn and
0.41% C. For obtaining structures with various degrees of
dispersion, the sppoimens were hardened and then tempered
at temperatures between 450 and 700 C, with holding times
of between 2 and 50 Lou-rs at. the given temperatures. The
cuts were produced from heat treated specimens, photographed
with a magnification of 1200 in an optical microscope and
Card 2/ 5 with a magnification of 4500 in an electron Microscope
(using the method of lacquer imprints in the latter case).
The technique and the results are described in some detail.

Volume chaiv:,es of tLe --arbide P@iase durii t em
@6 periz@g of
steel. (Cont.) 126-2-19/30
.L
Graph FiF-.3 S@aows the influence of the tempering temperature
on the volume --hazges of the carbide phase in the case 3f
10 twur holding time; in Fig.4 the influence of the carbon
content on the volume of the carbide phase is plotted
Mailst in Fig@5 tLe volume changes in the carbide phase ir,
the case of tempering witt various holding durations are
plotted. Graph Fig.7 shows the influence of the silicoLL and
manganese on the volume of the carbide phase in the case of
25 hour tempering for several steels and graph Fig.8 shows
the inf-',uence of the tempering temperature on the dimens-
ions of the carbide particles in carbcn steels. it is
shown that the observed volume of the carbide phase at low
tempering temperatures is considerably in excess of the
theoretical value and that the observed phenomenon cannot
be explained by inadequacies of the experimental method.
It was established that on increasing the temperature and
the duration of tempering the volume of the carbide phase
decreases re8-ularly, remaining all the time larger ttLan the
Card 3/ 5 calculated values. Only at temperatures above '050 C and
durations of 25 to 50 hours will the volume of the carbide
phase correspond approximately to the theoretical value (in

Volume changes of the carbide phase during tempering of
steel. (Cont'.) 126-2-19/30
accordance with the formula Fe C) It is shown that thee
carbide particles observed in @he'microscope contain less
carbon than cementite; low temperature carbide consists
either of individual submicroscopic blocks of cementite or
of a solid e-solution and appears to be a solid solution of
cementite and of the a-phase. On increasin6 the temperature
and duration of tempering the carbon content in the carbide
increases. The generally accepted conception that with in-
creasing tempering temperature the size of the carbide par-
ticles increases continuously has not been confiremd. It
was established that with increasing tempering temperature,
between 200 and 500 C., the size of the observed carbide par-
ticles decreases whilst on increasing the tempering tempera-
ture between 500 and 700 C the size of the carbide particles
increases. It was establisbLed that,compared with carbon
steel, the carbide-forming element (manganese) increases
Card 4/ 5 and the non-carbide forming element (Silicon) reduces the
observed volume of the carbide phase. There are 8 figures,
1 table and 14 referencest of w1aich. 11 are Slavic.

Volume changes of the carbide phase during tempering of
steel, (Cont.) 126-2-19/30
SUBMITTED: December 13, 1955 and after revision July 6, 1956.
&LSSOCIATION:Khaxkov Aviation Institute (Khar1kovskiy Aviatsionnyy
Institut).
AVAILABLE:
card 5/ 5

18(2)
AUTHORS: Lyulic,,.eva N. N. , 1"isar eva, '1. 7.
TITLE: The Mecnanical, 11ronerties of Cold Hardened C",romium-nickel-
austenite 3teel of the T@,, j,,.e 18-0 at Low Tem-,,eratures
(Mekhanicheskiye svoystva nagarto vannykh khro::.Gn'.--.e!evYkh
austenitnykh staley ti-Ia 18-8 ,;ri nizkir:!@ te--@,erat@zrakh)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vyss@iey al.koly. Mletallur@iiya, I.P;
I
Nr 2, pp 217-220 TISSR)
ABSTRACT: The mechanical --onertie3 -f 3tainless austenite steels of
&'Li LR:z23`TT_ -,.re investi@,,ated at te,.-,-,era-
the type 11,1 7 e
tures of +20 ano -lq5' @ifter rollin,, at rooz: te%,' r-,,@rature
(Fig 1). The dependence of' the relative extens-on of the
austenite steel of the type 18--8 on differe.,it temperatures
is given in fi,-@ure 2. -he hi,,her pla3ticity of' the austenite
.,3teels determined at 183 0after rollin,, at +20 0 @s caused
by the occiirrence of cubic face-.centered lattice3. The
mechanical properties of the metals and alloys after the
treatment under pressure at room te.liperature are summarized
in the table. '"he tranoformation of rnnrtens@te into au.9tenite
steel iuring the deformation proceno at 1@;w te::;ioerature increa!)-
Card 1/2 es the stren,;th of the alloyo. A ;reviOL]d

The Mechanical Proz)ert es of -'oil I -e
Steel of the Type 1@;-8 at Low T6..iperat@irea
is expedient fur tho uu(@ of auste:,ite striel f-,r te!:1;-,era-
turea since the flow li::iit Is thue inc,veas,@l rolu-
tion of the plasticity. -'here are 2 1
3 reference - 4 of Soviet
ASSOCTATION: Khar'kovskiy aviitsionnyy in-:tit,,;'4
(V-li;,r'kov Inutitute of Aviation)
SUBMITTED: May 28, 1,J59
Card 212

-1 .2 J- -T @J_ "Y p I
q.L
11/01 P..:)
Aq 'T_H Ir.42
:41
MI J.
P-7 s r I H
Aq Z.'j..j
'4' @'.u VTP
... . Ip
Aq
-0.
Aq p.. TV, P-3
WI-T-A 0-
V;p Aq
71
V Aq OTTV p!,
Jigg
T..
.v 4q T '.;'3;2.; 1422TV
'IT 1*11"3 '*Plo P- q% .0.
...,d:g Aq
v .7--W I.. 'TV ... j -3
A q 1,1,,K J* -1111111114 I'll J* T*P@.
.3 J. wa
-14
j-n ,jqt qMq-.2
P- '4191 '44 '6C61 A-H .1 I.LIVUI,gv
jo7-zql 44 1, N -6 61
umAq.q,. 41,14.!AA
. ...... J..3 rill I
A IVoj"v
DeO/otQ/w/oo0/66/z*'(/v

SOV/129-5"--4-4/17
AUTHORS: h (Candidate of Technical Sciences) and
4'iLs-'alr@ea W(Engineer)
v 'V.
TITLE: Influence of Rolling at Low Temperatures on the
Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Steels (Vliyaniye
prokatki pri nizkikhtemperaturakh na mekhanicheskiye
svoystva austenitnykh staley)
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Termiclaeskaya Obrabo.ka Metalloi,
1959, Nr 4, pp 19 - 22 + 1 plate (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Stainless austenitic 18-8 steels are being used at
room temperature and at elevated temperatures, as well
as temperatures down to -1960C, for instance in cooling
equipment for manufacturing liquid gases. The purpose
of the work described in this paper was to investigate
the influence of the redu--tion on the mechanical
properties of austenitic steels. The deformation as
well as the testing of the mechanical properties was
effected at temperatures +1000, +200 and -1830C. The
s onsisted of 1.2 mm thick sheetsof the steels
lp@clmens c
18N9T and lKhl8N9. The blanks were first quenched
from 10500C in water and following that they were rolled
at -1830, +200 and +1000C with reductions of 15 - 60%.
Card 1/3 The results of tensile tests at +200 and -1830C are

SOV/129-59-)+-4/17
Influence of Rolling at Low Temperatures -,n the Mechanical
Properties of Austenitic Steels
graphed in Fig 1 for the steel lEnl6NqT, and in Fig 2 the
influence is graphed of the reduction at 20CCon the
ductility for specimens tested at -1830 and +1000C
respectively. The authors ar-rive at- the following
conclusions: 1) Rolling in the cold state of au3tenitic
Steels for the purpose of improving the strength is more
effective if it is carried out at sub-zero temperatures;
in that case the strength characteristics will be
20 - 3)0% higher and the ductility will be the same, as
in the case of ordinary rolling. 2) At low temperat-res,
austenitic steel3 have good plasti:@ pr,_@pertl_es (@, ana 4; p
irrespective of the degree cf prela,minary wl-.rk har--aning,
at above freezing-point temperatures,, 3) For work
hardening of austenitic steel c.-,,mpone.,ts oi)e-ating -at
below freezing-point temperatures it, 1'3 ad-.--'sable to
cold-work them at above freeZ.J__-1---1,i1-_Jnt t,@-mperat,.@res-, such
I P4 t
cold-working will bring abou' an
reduction in the plastJc prcper ias -f n@ateriai at
Card 2/3 low temperatures. 4) The effe_-,'Lveness @Df shaping by
pressure of austenitic Steels at low ter,-.@orat,.@res is the

SOV1129- 59-@@-'-t-/17
Influence of Rolling at Low Temperatures on the Mec:iA_n_-'3al
Properties of Austenitic Steels
same irrespective of whet@,er t@ie material has or has not
been cold-worked before. 5) Plastic de."orriation a", IOW
temperatures is accompanied by formation of iparten-;ite
along three planes of an octalaodron. Formation of
martensite at room tempera'@ure during the prrcess @f
plastic deformation is observed predominantly in a S_Jn'-'le
crystallographic direction.
There are 3 figures and 3 references, of whi,@n 2 are
Soviet and 1 English.
@l`ard 3/3

18(3) 18(7) 24(6)
AU`i;HO@: Lyulicheva, 11'.
TITLE; Determination of Mechanical Properties of Steel by
Quantitative Metallographic Methods (OT)redeleniye
mekhanicheskikh svoystv suali metodami kolichest-e=oy
metalloi-rrafii)
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metaliov i Metallovedeniye, 195c,', Vol 7, i'r
pp 265-273 (USSR)
A-BSTRACT: The aim of the investi.ation was @o find -,,he relation-ship
between the mechanical properties of steel in tension
and the quantitative an' dimensional caaracteri3tics of
their grain structures, as ,,iell as uo collecc experi-
mental data as uo quantitative metallo_r@aphy. The
carbon steels 25, 35, U79 U8 and U10 carIroon
contents of 0.31, 0.38, 0.68, 0.78 and 1.06%, resrec-cively,
were, investi ated. In order @o su-udy the influence o
carbide formiii'o'- and non-carbide formii;@ ele,-ents o-- the
quan@iUative and diLiensional structure characLericu.-LcEl
uhe steels 45G2 (0.41% C and 1.Wo Mn) and 60S2 (O.@
and 1.65% Si) were used. Granular structures of v,arious
Card 1/6 dispersions were obtained by chan;in:' the te:,iperin@:

,'OV/126-7-2-1E/z,@
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Steel by @uantitative
Metallographic Methods
temperature from 450 to 700 0C and soaking from 2 - 50 hou-rs
The study of microstructure was carried out from
photo6raphs taken through optical ( X1200) and electron
( X4500) m croscopes. The number of carbide particles
n per 1 mm@ of microsection was determined by direct
count of t@ie photomicrograph. The volume of ferrite Vf
can be calculated accondinF- to Moroz's formula (Ref 1):
1 - c
Vf 6.68 (1)
3/2
n
where c jc@ ihe carbor. content of steel. The
specific surface of separ--itior, of _7@3 and
the specific spread of brain bouc.-Jaries ZP were
calculated accordint@ to Salt,-,,,kc@r's formula (Ref 4):
S 2m MM- 1 (2)
I.ard 2/6 P (3)

'DuV/126-7-2-16/39
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Steel by @uanti-uative
Metallographic blethods 2
where m is the avera6e number of intersections/mm Gf
random secants. The mean, path throu:.-h ferrite waS
calculated by Lyulicheva's equation (Ref 9):
% V
@ k
L = @ 1 @ 00) (4)
m (
where 2/m is the distance between the centres of carbide
particles, and Vk is the volume of the carbide phase,
as determined by A. A. Gla6olev's ac@@ura@-,e ruethod (Ref 4).
The yield point was chosen as the fundamental mecLanical
property associated with the structure, as it has the
greatest practical si,@nificance. In Table 1 the
tempering condition, a few limit-inj@ values of mechanical
properties and fundamental results of calculations of
structural dimenosions,are shown. In order to verify the
limits of applicabilit,@ of conditions expressed by
several authors (Refs 1-4, 7), graphs for the dependence
of yield points on the corresponding characteristics of
Card 3/6 structure (Figs 1-3) viere plotted. In order to derive

@-@V/i 26-7-2- 16/ 79
Determination of Mechanical --Properties of Steel by -ua-n-titative
Metallographic .'Aethods
an equation for a straight line having the greatest
correlation with the experimental results, mathematical
statistics methods were used. The straight lines
-plotted in the diagrams corresT@ond with the correlation
equations (5) to (10) in Table 2. Fro @,@ 4Uhe graphs of
Figs 1 to 3 and from Table it follows that no
-ene-ral relationship between yield point and any
0
structural property, Vf, Es or L exllsts for all carbon
steels. In FiC 1 the @p,,ndence of t'ne logarithir, of
yield point on the logarith--r. of the free quanti-ly of
ferrite, is shown: a - optical photomicrograpl@s, Eq (5);
ZD
b - electron photomicrographs, Eq (6); B - i-.!G-oz's
correlation equation (1). la Fi@@,@' denendence of
yield point on trie specific surface of T)@ias@2 separation
is shown: a - optical photomicro@_-rraphs, Eq (7);
b - electron Dhotomicro-raDhs, E-i (8). I-n F the
dependence of yield points on tht@ ]-@@-'-arithm of zhe free
path through ferrite shown: a - o;1-tizal p1--otumicrograpl',s,
Eq (9); 6 - electron photomicro-rapns, Ea (1u). In
Card 4/6 Fib- 4 the influence of temperin-, te,@rpera,,ure on the

7
-`
/126
Determination of ilechanic@l Propert-les of Steel bY
L - I 16uar-titative
Metallographic Nlethods
thickness of the delayed reaction layer is shown:
1 - 6OS2, 2 - 45G2, @ - carbon steels. IL Fij @, the
dependence of the yield point @jnd of tlr@e true ultimate
tensile stress on the reciprocal of ,-'te area of tl-e soft
r)hase , is shown. From the above ex-Derij:ients, ,he uathor
has arrived at the follo,;,@in- conclusions:
1. In the tempering temperature ran,.--.-e of 450-'/60
there exists a correlai.ion reiacionship betwc@,,n the
quantitative structure charact-eristic !,.,ic!
characteristic of steel.
2. An experimental foriiuia for z-,he de1.eY.:,inaLio-,-- of che
yield point in -ianular structures is su %,hich
@Jves a ._,ood correlation in a wide te",2perinE,
ran@;-e, and applies to carbon steels con-, uainint@ from
ancl
to 1.06% C, as .-jell as -,@o u-@Iie allo.@ stet-1::-
6OS2.
3. A linear relationshiD exisus between tne true and
overall ultimate tensile stress, on the one *iand, an"'
the reciDro-cal of the specific area of t-e soft pha-le u-,n.
ard 5/6 the other.

@,G-V/126-7-2-16/39
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Steel by @ua_ntitatlve
Metallographic Methods
4. The influence of silicon and manganese on the
improvement of the mechanical properties of steels is
asLociated with a chan-e in quantitative and dimensional
characteristics of the structural-components, of the
properties of the soft phase and of the nature of the
phase boundary surface under the influence of hese
elements.
There are 6 fiLures, 2 tables and 18 references, 17 of
which are Soviet, 1 ---'nglish.
ASSOC IATIUT-@: IC@,ar'kov@:,iy aviai;sJLorL__y-r insti-.U@' (Khar"ov
Insti-,,;ute of Avia,,ion)
SURIIITTED: April 15, 1957
C ard 6/6

/JP
S/148/60/000/002/004/oo8
AUTHORS,, N.V.
TTTLE@ Corrosion Resistance of Austenite Steels After Pressure Work:Lng
at Low Temperatures
PERIODICAL, Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenly, Chernaya met&llurglya,
1@60, Nr 2, PP 78 - 8o
In chrome-nIckel austenite Steels low-temperature deformation
entails Intensified increase in strength due to marlensite transformation,
It must be expected that the second phase, namely martensite, developing
during low temperature deformation, will change corrosion properties of
steel. This assumption was qhecked by speeded-up corrosion tesLs of
lKh18Nq steel by a method recommended by [Ref 31, Loss in, weight of
electropolished specimens was determined after 100-hour holding 'kn 3,6%
HC1 dissolved in technical water, As a result the curve of N@-Ight. loss
versus degree of compression at - 1830C" showed a maximum correspondIng
to the loss in weight increased by a factor of 2 (Figure 2), After rolling
at room temperature and high degree of compression, corrosion resls-'@an3e of
7ard 1/3

S/148/60/000/002/004/008
Corrosion Resistance of Austenite Steels After Pressure Working at Low
Temperatures
the steel was leas impaired and a ma@cimum on the curve ("weight loss versus
degree of compression") was not observed, After rolling at low temperature
X-ray examinations of the phase compositlon in austenite steels were carried
out to deter-mine, to which amount of martensite corresponded tne maximum
decrease of corrosion resistance. COMPar'-son of curves (Figures 2, 3) show
a maximum weight loss in LKhl8N9 steel after oompriE@sslon by 15 -- 20%, which
corresponded to about 50% martensite. If compression was increased u '1) to
40%, corrosion resistance improved and then became &1most equal to that of
steel rolled at room temperature. Thus after rolling at. -1830C and 40%
compression, the night loss was !4 9/m@ and after rolling at room tempera-
ture it was 11 9/m . improved corrosion resistance in the presense of a
martensite content of over 50% in steel rolled at low @temperaturss, proved
that high-alloy martensite ens-ared sufficiently high corrosion resistance,
The conclusion la drawn that in austenite steels with non-stable aaztenlte,
Card 2/3

S/148/60/000/002/004/008
17orrosion Resistance of Auqt,:@nl@,e atel@ls After Pr@5su-.'@ Wcriking @ -
To@-mperatures '
the pre-izure working at low temp9raturea, carried out to rais- .he- s@r-!rlgth,
dit not considerably reduce their corrosion resistance,
There are: 3 graphs and 4 references, 3 of which a-re Soviet and I English,
ASSOCIATION4 Kharlkovskly avlatsion-ny-y InstItut (Khar'kov Aviat'lor inStItute
SUBMITTED, November 21, 1958
e
Card 3/3

S/185/60/005/004/020/021
D274/D306
Bubley. and Lyul. @ cheva, N. IN
'ITLE
A simple cryostat for mctalLographic invcsLig;itiois
i'Ll< iuD IGd, Ukr;iyiiis'kyy fizycllj-@iyy zhurnal, v. 5, no@ 4, 19bO,
570-577
very simple cryostat ,,,as desJLg,.ic6 and teste6 for tlie pur-
V/
pose of stuc@ying and photographing :,.ietallographic ;)oLisn at Low
t empe r at u re s 'Zile cryostat is a 11rind of D@war cyL'i-ndrical flask
,,,,ith -11-it transoarent botto-, t`trough which tnie o-)servations were
car-i-o
, __ , ,) u t 10 Gimensloas of LiLe cryostat were as folLows:
'ReLght 100 rxa, outer (.liarneter 60 ram, in;.er diameter 40 mnii, thickness
of doul-Ae-walled bottom 7 ;,-in, The more even in t[iick-tess the bottom,
t;ie I'otter the picture obtainedl. @y using a Lozins'kyy microscope
times, twhereas
,i *L @r-focusing objective, the -,,,agnification is 400
@@n ord-inary objective mae-J-dfies 20(7) Limos. But in the latter case
tiie thick-ness of tiie cryostat bottom has to be limited to maximum

S1185 /'bO/005/004/020/021
s@ D274/D306
@nmLc crvostat
7 r@n ior studying str(lxtures at low tempera-lIxes, the polLshed
inv,-Itigati-on, was put- ut the oottom of tke rryostat,
ii-te cryostat itsuLlf pl,!(:c_l u-ider a -.(,taUfLcr()scODc, LiqLlid
eL:c,) was Poured inLo Lite cryostat.
:v - '1'@c n t o'