SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT MALANEC, K. - MAZANEK, F.

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SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
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. . .... --- 77:7 ----,*W9RkchT- ~1.111F WeMfA~'atmk thicker- .44ble by corre ~ ~*-- -. "~ "' A'- 4- - - -- ---- tu Chi ,gL- 10 CWI mAZA,%7EC , f Wcldab-ility of self-hardening loi..-alloy cast ster-1. P. 15~1 (FT ZL MAD -SPW,,AU11CT1,:A) ('vkrqzf3wa, Poland) Vol. 9,no.6, June 1917 SO: Monthly Index of East European Accession (FEAl) 1A Vol. 7, No. c. l9rT ~~~C, Karel, inz.; CADEK, Josef, kandidat technickyah ved Effect of tungsten on the kinetic parameters of the formation of hypoeutectoid ferrite. Hut listy 12 no.6.492-500 Je 157. 1. Vyzkwal Vitkovicke zelezarmy Klementa Gottwalda, Ostrava (for Mazanec). 2. Ocelarsky vyzkumny ustav, Praha (for Calak). CZECH/34-58-3-7/23 AUTHORS:Likes", ii~! (Ing.), Mazanec Karel (Cand.Tech.Sci.,Ing.), dadek, Josef (Cand.TecE-.9-ci.,ing.) TITLE: Application of Statistical Methods for Studying the Isothermal Decomposition of the Austenite. Part II. Methoda of Measuring the Speed of Formation of Germinations and the Speed of Growth (Poulitif statisticloch metod pfi studiu isotermick4ho rozpadu austenitu, Cast II, Metody mereni rychlosti tvorby zarodku a rychlosti rustu) PERIODICAL: Hutnicke' Listy, 1959, Nr 3, pp 215-222 (Czechoslovakia) ABSTRACT: Tbe first part of this work was published in Hutnickd Listy, 1957, Nr 3, p 216~ It was shown in Part I that the basic para- meters which determine the kinetics of isothermal decomposition of austenite are the speed of formation of germinations and the linea- speed of their growth. The morphology of the decompos- ition products which has a decisive influence on the mechani- cal and other properties is determined primarily by the ratio of these parameters. Therefore, for understanding the mechan- ism of the influence of alloying elements on the decomposit- ion of austenite, it is necessary to know the influence of alloying elements on these parameters. Earlier work by the authors (Ref 2) on the influence of tungsten on the speed of Card 1/4 formation of germinations and on the speed of growth of hypo-_,,,, il_~ CZECH/34-58-3-7/23 Application of Statistical Methods for Studying the Isothermal Decom- position of the Austenite. Part II. Methods of Measuring the Speed of Formation of Germinations and the Speed of Growth eutectoidal ferrite during isothermal decomposition of austen- ite has enabled arriving at important conclusions on the mech- anism of the influence of tungsten on the ferritic reaction and has also contributed to elucidating certain general char- acteristics of the kinetics and the mechanism of this reaction. Correct interpretation of the results of measurement of the kinetic parameters presupposes basic knowledge of the present theory of formation of germinations and of their further growth, Therefore, the first, earlier published, part of this work was devoted to theoretical fundamentals, This second part of the paper is devoted to statistical methods of measuring the kinet- ic parameters, Although in the first instance the authors aimed at studying the decomposition of austenite, the work went considerably beyond the scope of this problem, Measure- ment of the speed of formation of germinations and the speed of their growth is based on several basic operations of quan- titative stereometric metallography, namely, determinat' f Card 2/4 CZECH/34-58-3-7/23 Application of Statistical Methods for Studying the Isothermal Decom- position of the Austenite. Part II. Methods of Measuring the Speed of Formation of Germinations and the Speed of Growth the phase composition,, determination of the number of part- icles per unit of volume, determination of the specific surface9 etc. For the purpose of determining the speed of formation of germinations it is necessary to determine the fraction of non-transformed austenite as a function of the reaction time, the number of particles of a given decompos- ition product per unit of volume, also as a function of time, and the area of the boundaries of y-grains per unit of volume (in cases in which it is necessary to ordinate the speed of formation of ge-rminations to a unit of the area of y-grain boundaries). In the first part of the paper the authors deal briefly with the methods of quantitative deter- mination of these three magnitudes and also with other meth- ods of calculating the speed of formation of germInations. In the second part of the paper the most important methods of determining the speed of growth are dealt with.and- a method of measuring the distance betweenlamellae, which is one of the most important parameters affecting the speed- of growth, is described. In view of the large number of available Card 3/4 methods the authors could not deal with any of them in det3j_1 CZECH/34-58-3-7/23 Application of Statistical Methods for Studying the Isothermal Decom- position-of the Austenite. Part II. Methods of Measuring the Speed of Fo=at:lon of Gemmi-nations and the Speed of Growth They propose to do that in later work which will be devoted to a narrower field of investigation. There are 5 figures and 24 references, of which 5 are Czech, 2 German, 1 Frenchl 4 Soviet and 12 English. ASSOCIATION: Vjzkumnj ustav hutnictvl' geleza, Praha (Ferrous Metall- urgy Research Institute, Prague) SUBMITTED: September 13, 1958. Card 4/4 6 ? -~' b9 Z/034/6o/ooo/o4/005/026 E073/E535 AUTHORS: blazanec, Karel, Engineer, Candidate of Technical Sciences VZKD, Ostrava), &dek, Josef, En-ineer, of Technical Sciences, Lilces', Jifi, En.,,ineer (Vyzkumn'y' ustav hutnictVi leleza, Praha) % TITLE: Influence of Nickelv n the Speed of Formation of Germi ations and on the Speed of Urowth of lfypoeutect~.,-;~l f' Ferri e PERIODICA M Hutn3.cke listy, 1960, Nr 4, pp 232-287 ABSTRACT: Earlier work by the authors of this paper (Refs 1,2) relating to the influence of W on the kinetic parameters showed that in the case of high degrees of super-cooling the speed of growth of the ferrite is controlled by the diffusion of carbon in the austenite. Therefore the authors considered it of interest to obtain information on the influence of nickel, an element which does not form carbides in steel. For the investigations two steels were used of the following compositions; Steel A: 0.27% C, 0.26% Mn, 0.29% Si, 0.033% P, 0.026% s. o.i4% cu, o.0~'o Ni, 1.0% Cr; it B: 0.31% C, 0.33% Mn, 0.25% Si, 0.033% P, 0.024% 1 Card 1/3 1 o.16% cu, 1.17% Ni, 1.03% Cr. ~' 97)'tq Z/034/60/000/04/005/028 E073/E535 Influence of Nickel on the Speed of Formatlon of Germinations and on the Speed of Growth of Hypereutectoidal Ferrite These steels were produced in a 40 kg capacity high frequency furnace and cast into ingots which were then forged into rods of 20 mm dia. Prior to manufacture the samples were subjected to sphereodisation annealing for 4 hours at 7000C. Specimens of 10 x 10 x 2 mm were homogenization annealed in special ampoules without access of air for the duration of one week at 1050*C. Following that the specimens were electrolytically coated with a chromium layer about 0.03 mm thick, to prevent decarburization. Austenization was effected at 1100*C for 10 minutes in a vertical tubular furnace inside a protective argon atmosphere. On the basis of the obtained results it is concluded that% 1) Nickel reduces considerably the speed of ferrite growth, particularly at high degrees of supercooling (700* to 6500C). The influelice of nickel on the speed of formation of germinations%%could not be determined. 2) The speed of ferrite growth in the range of high degrees of supercooling is ob-iously controlled by the Card 2/3 speed of carbon diffusion in the austenite since the 6.,/), c/ Z/0 3 It /6- 0/000/04 /0 0:i/' 0.'! 8 E073/E535 Influence of Nickel on the Speed of Formation of Gerriiriatioriq 'Intj on the Speed of Growth of Hypereutectoidal Ferrite obtained activation energy of the growth (31 OOC cal/mul for the steel A and 26 700 cal/mol for the steel B) approaches the activation energy of the diffusioi) of carbon in the austenite. 3) An arelysis was made of the isothermal ferritic reactiLn and the activation energy of this reactioii was detf-r. Lued,, The obtained values of the activation enorgy (37 500 calA101 for steel A and 35 000 cal/mol for steel B) lead tL) tl-ie conclusion that the speed of diffusion of C in ttie austenite probably controls not only the speed of growt,i at high degrees of supercooling but also the entire kinetics of the ferritic reaction. There are 13 figures, 2 tables and 11 references, 3 of which are Czech, 4 Soviet and 4 English. .1 ASSOCIATIONSt Vyzkumny' fistav V&G, Ostrava (Research Institute -VtKG. Ostra a) and V~zlcumny u"'stav hutnictvi Yeleza, Praha (Ferrous Metallurgy Research Institute, Prague) SUBMITTED: June 27, 1959 Card 3/3 Q- on Z/034/60/^-00/08/006,1030 AOJ~4E~35 AUTHORS: Lik4s, Jifi, tadek, Josef, a e , Karel and Kud#1kovd, Jarmila TITLE: Contribution to the Methods of Stereometric Metallography. Part III. Method of Determining the Number of and the Size of Disc Particles to Disperse Phase PERIODICAL: Hutnick6 listy, 1960, Nr 8, pp 615 - 619 ABSTRACT: Methods of quantitative evaluation of the microstructure of metals and alloys are gaining in importance in the study of phase transformations. The kinetics of the majority of such transformations can be described by two kinetic parameters, the speed of formation of the nuclei and the speed of growth of a new phase. Measurement of these parameters is based on using statistical methods of microstructural analysis. One of the most important tasks is determining the number of particles in the new phase per unit of volume of the specimen and the real (three-dimensional) size of these particles on the basis of the number and size of intersections of particles per unit of area of a polished specimen or on the basis of the Cardl/~ length and the number of segments created by the A/ 80780 Z/034/6o/ooo/Woo6ob30 E?? 10AN all. ograph y. Contribution to the Methods of Stereome Part 111. Method of Determining the Number of and the Size of Disc Particles to Disperse Phase intersection of particles of a polished specimen with lines drawn at random in the plane of the polished specimen. Such particles can have a variety of shapes. i.e. they can be spherical, cylindrical, acicular. disc- shaped, etc. In earlier papers (Refs 1,2), one of the authors dealt with spherical particles. For studying martensitic and bainitic reactions it is important to develop a method of determining the number of disc- shaped particles. In this paper, the authors solved this problem for the case of particles of equal size with a random distribution and random orientation in the body of the specimen. Expressions are derived for the average number of particles per unit of volume and for the size of the particles k, D whereby all the expressions depend on the average number of intersections n per unit of area of the polished plane of the specimen, the average number of intersections n' per unit of length of longitudinally-drawn straight lines and oi-i, Card2/4 Z/034/60/000/08/006/ 030 1107A/ef al Contribution to the Methods of Stereometric io8raph-.-. Part III. Method of Determining the Number of and the Size of Disc Particles to Disperse Phase estimating the value of p , the volume part of the phase a . The value of k is then determined by interpolation from tabulated y(k) values. In the experimental part of the paper, comparison is made between the average F of the areasof the polished sections measured and the theoretically determined value E(f) . Finally, the theoretically derived relations are used for determining the number and size of bainite particles. The here described method enables direct measurement of the kinetic parameters of proceeding isothermal, martensitic and, particularly, bainitic reactions. Acknowledgments are expressed to VL_Atdha- VtHZ, for his assistance in carrying out measurements on the polished specimens and to J. Kazdova,_VNi. for her assistance in carrying out calculations. There are 5 figuros, 4 tables and 13 references, of which 5 are Card 3/4 Czech, 7 are English and I is Soviet. ~/. 80780 Z/034/60/000/08/006/030 E07A/Fjj~ography. Contribution to the Methods of StereometrIc e Part III. Method of Determining the Number of and the Size of Disc Particles to Disperse Phase ASSOCIATIONS: V J. zkumn' fistav hutnictvl" leleza. Praha y y (Ferrous Metallurgy Research Institute, Prague) Vfzkumny fistav, VZKG, Ostrava (Re;Tearch Institute VZKG, Ostrava) SUBMITTED: Au&45t 25, 1959 Card 4/4 MALY,J., inz.; JAI4031KOVA V.,inz.;~IAZANEC,K.,inz.,Karidi,izit technickyc~ %,e-. Oxy-acetylene cuttin.- of low-alloyed self-harden-ing. steel. Zvar sbor 9 no.3:325-344 '60 1. Vyskumny ustav zvaracsky, Bratislava (for Ikaly) 2. Vyzkumny ustav, Vitkovicke zelezarny Klementa Gottwalda (for Janosikova and Mazanec) Z/034/61/000/001/007/021 E073/E535 AUTHORS: Mazanec, Karel, Engineer, Candidate of Technical Sciences MMMSIM,- Emilie, Engineer TITLE: Contribution to the Study of Surface Tension on the Austenite Grain Boundaries PERIODICAL: HutnicZe listy, 1961, No.1, pp.41-49 TEXT: The surface energies of melts have been measured by numerous authors and adequate data are available. However, few measurements have been made of the surface tension of solid substances or at the grain boundaries. For steel, only the data published by Van Vlack (Ref.2) on the absolute values of the surface tension at the austenite grain boundaries are available.' The views of Read and Schockley (Ref.3) on the properties of grain boundaries have been experimentally verified as a function of the grain orientation b a number of authors, for instance Dunn, Daniels and Bolton (Ref .45 and Aust and Chalmers (Ref-5). So far, no work has been published in Czechoslovakia on measuring the relative and absolute surface tension at the grain boundaries of steel. In this paper the results are published of measurements of the relative energy at the grain boundaries of two different phases (ferrite and Card 16 Z/034/61/000/001/007/021 E073/E535 Contribution to the Study of Surface Tension on the Austenite Grain Boundaries austenite) and on the austenite grain boundaries. In the final part of the paper an attempt is made to determine the absolute surface tension of austenite by means of a modification of the Sears method (Ref.7). The relative values of the surface tension at the austenite-ferrite 0rain boundary for the isothermal decomposition temperature of 750 C, determined by means of statistical evaluation of the angles between individual grains measured in the plane of the polished section, were found to be: a OLY =te- 0 - 7 ayy and 0 .9 Cr yy' For the interphase 6-ferrite-austenite, the following re;ations were found to apply for the temperature range 1000 to 1200 C: a ~~ 0.83,a and cr..- 1.2 to 1.4 a6b. by yy I Further statistical data were obtained and a critical analysis was made of the applied method of measuring the relative surface tension between two phases. The theoretical frequency curve for angles of 850 between grains was determined and this curve is compared with experimentally determined curves of frequencies with a modal value Card 2/5 Z/034/61/000/001/007/021 E073/E535 Contribution to the Study of Surface Tension on the Austenite 'rain Boundaries OfE)= 85'. The two curves were found to be in good agreement; the modal value of the angle determined experimentally is in agreement with theereal angle between the two grains investigated. By means of vacuum etching of the surface of specimens, a method was developed of measuring the relative surface energy a between the austenite grains. The specimens were etched in the qmperature range 1050 to 11000C far durations of 48 hours, maintaining the vacuum at 3 to 5 x 10- mm. Hg col. Furthermore, a method was developed for measuring the angles of "wrinkles" by the type MIS-11 profile meter and an evaluation was made of some of the data on a method of measurement and the shape of the wrinkles which form duping vacuum etching. For soft carbon steel and two alloy steels (with 11% Cr and with 1% Cr + 1% Ni), the relative value ahr~ 0.6 to 0.75 CY vv which corresponds to an average value of the wrinkle angles of &= 136 to 1450. By means of the modified drop method, the absolute surface tension on the free austenite surface was determined, using spectrally pure lead as a standard material. The Card 3/5 Z/034/61/000/001/007/021 E073/E535 Contribution to the Study of Surface Tension on the Austenite Grain Boundaries experiments were carried out in a carefully purified atmosphere of argon and unsaturated lead vapours at 900*C for a duration of 4 hours. On the basis of the equilibrium of the surface tension vectors in the horizontal and vertical directions, the surface tension was determined under the above given conditions for two types of steel; for the soft carbon steel a = 1240 dyn/cm and for the 30ChN2MA steel av = 1300 dyn/cm. FurthYrmore, an analysis was made of the shape of the lead drops as determined in the transverse cross-section on the surface of the specimen during measurement of the a values. Finally, the absolute surface tension at the grain bound'Kries on eliminating the influence of unsaturated lead vapours was tentatively calculated. The surface tension at the austenite grain boundaries at 11001C was found to be about 800 dyn/cm for soft carbon steels. In evaluating the influence of lead vapours on the wi~inkle angles, it was found that this influence is small and in the given case brings about a change of the wrinkle angles from 144.5 to 139*. So far, this quantity Card 4/5 Z/034/61/000/001/007/021 EO?3/E535 Contribution to the Study of Surface Tension on the Austenite Grain Boundaries has not been measured on other alloys investigated but work on this point is continuingw Some of the measurements were carried 't Prague. There are 19 figures and out by Engineer Kalik. FJ9, 28 references: 5 Czech, 1 Soviet, 1 French, 1 German and 20 English. ASSOCIATION: SUBMITTED: , kuuln~ 0 V V ustav VZKG, VfKZG, Ostrava) V June 17, 1960 Ostrava (Research Institute Card 5/5 OSIORYO Adam; HAZANEK, Karol Application of carburation vith natural gas in the petroleum induBtry,. Viad naft 7 no.9:211-213 S 161. OSKORY, Adam; MAZAVEK, Karol - -- -- - - General infornatic-no on modern anrealing. To be contd. Wiad neft 7 no.10:233-23.4 161. OSKOFffp Adaz; MAZANEK, Karol General infornatirms on =&rn heat treatment of steel. (To be con+Z.) Viad naft 7 no.11:254-255 161. (steel) OSKORY, Adam; MAUNEK. Ka ~~~ ~o General informations on modern annealing. Conclusica.4fiad naft---k, 7 no.l2t279-28 161. .00 Z/034/61/Aooil/008/002/005 E073/E435 AUTHORS: -Maza ~ec, Karel, Engineer and Kamenskii, km-i-lie, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Engineer TITLE: Study of the influence of oxygen on surface tension PERIODICAL: Hutnicke' listy, 1961, No.8, pp.561-565 TEXT: A number of authors have expressed the view that an increased content of oxygen produced intergranular brittleness in steel. J.Plateau, G.Henry and C.Crussard (Ref.2: Precipitation Processes in Steels; Iron and Steel Inst. Spec. Rep. No.64, 1959, PP-157-176) have pointed out that a relation may exist between intergranular brittleness and segregation of oxygen at the grain boundaries. In this paper, the authors investigate other causes of this brittleness. An attempt is made to determine more accurately the crystallographic relations pertaining to stripes on free surfaces, revealed after high-temperature etching at low pressures. Furthermore, certain views are expressed on the properties of fractures, since similar stripes were observed on fracture surfaces, particularly in cises of braked fractures in martensite when the fracture was Cara 1/ 5 24145 Z/034/61/000/008/002/005 Study of the influence of ... E073/E435 mostly along the grain boundaries. Under such conditions, the formation of stripes has not hitherto been observed. J.Be"nard, J.Moreau and J.Plateau (Ref.6: Zeitsch. Electrochemie, 61, 1957, pp.59-65) explain the stripe formation by the fact that adsorption of oxygen reduces the surface energy, particularly on some crystallographic planes. This facilitates changes on the surface of the specimen caused by surface diffusion, enabling formation of non-uniformities corresponding to those planes where the surface energy is lowest. A certain analogy can be anticipated between the character of these striped surfaces and certain fracture surfaces which occur during intercrystalline fractures. In the case of grain boundaries, the probable cause of formation of stripes are oxygen atoms which are dissolved in the metal and can be adsorbed at the grain boundaries. The experiments were made on the steel 30ChN2MA produced in a 40 kg high-frequency laboratory furnace in such a way as to obtain an increased oxygen content (0.016%). After forging, the material was homogenized at 1000*C for one week. From this material, specimens were produced for studying the mutual orientations of the stripes and the crystallographic planes. After careful Card 2/5 24145 Study of the influence of Z/034/61/000/008/002/005 E073/E435 preparation of the surface of the polished specimens, these were Vacuum-etched at lC500C at a residual pressure of 3 x lo-3 to I x lo-3 mm Hg for durations of 2 -48 hours. Under such conditions, no continuous oxygen layers formed on the specimens and Oxygen was only adsorbed at the surface of the material. For comparison, the stripe-formation was also investigated after studying braked fractures. These test specimens were austenized at 11000C for 1 hour and then water-quenched. After quenching, the specimens were loaded for 1 hour with a static stress of 60 kg/MM2, corresponding approximately to 0.35 ap of the given steel after quenching. The braked fractures occurred after the load has been applied for 30 to 50 minutes. It was found that the stripes on the free surface were parallel to the planes (1111 or (100) . The preferential etching of the plane 1100) indicates that the adsorbed oxygen reduces the surface tension in this plane much more intensively than in the planes (1111 which should have the lowest surface energy, since they have the densest atom population. The striping is attributed to a decrease in the surface energy. The gained energy forms the motive force of surface diffusion on the Card 3/5 24145 Z/034/61/000/008/002/005 Study of the influence of ... E073/E435 grain boundaries and brings about stripe formation at spots which are suitably oriented. It was found that a close relation exists between str�pe-formation on the free surface and on fractures. An explanation is given why stripe formation is difficult to observe on fractures; it was observed for the first time on quenched steel during tests involving braked fractures and on soft carbon steels. J.Plateau et al (Ref.2) were not successful in detecting stripe formation in the Fe-O system by means of optical fractography. A direct relation exists between the adsorbed oxygen, the stripe- formation and the strength properties of the steel. In accordance with the theory of Griffith, a drop in the surface energy in the presence of adsorbed oxygen on the grain boundaries leads to a decrease in the critical size of cracks in intercrystalline fractures, i.e. to easier fracture. There are 11 figures, 1 table and 14 referencesi 6 Soviet-bloc and 8 non-Soviet-bloc. The references to English language publications read as follows: J.Plateau, G.Henry, C.Crussard: Iron and Steel Inst.Spec.Rep. No.64, 1959, pp-157-176; B.Chalmers, R.King, R.Shuttleworth, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 193 (1948)pp.465-480; C.Andreade, R.F.Y.Randall, Proc. Phys. Soc. B 63, 1950, pp.198-210. Card 4/5 24145 Z/034/61/000/008/002/005 Study of the influence of ... E07-3/E435 le w ASSOCIATION: Vy'Zkumny. ustav V2KG (Research Institute VZKG) SUBMITTED- February 16, 1961 Card 5/5 LIKES, Jiri, inz.; 142ANEC, Karel, inz., kandidat technickych ved Contribution to the methods of determining the interlawl3w distance of perlite. Elut liety 16 no.6:417-420 Je 161. 1. Vyzkumny ustav hutnictri zel ~za, Praha (for Likes). 2. Vyzk=ny ustav, Vitkovicke zelezafty Klementa Gottwaldal Ostrava (for Mazanee). MAZANEC Karel ins., kandidat techni+ych ved; KAMSKA, Emilie, inz. Examination of the effect of oxygen on surface streBB. HUt IiSty 16 no.g.-561-565 Ag 161. 1. Vyzku3mny ustav, vitkovicke zelezarny Klementa Gottwalda. 'i /03'~ /62/000/00 -5/0021 /()(1 It E () T~ /E 5 -) 5 ',!a za 11 e 11 Y, i I I e er, co fit! i (1, t t v o I' r e C i I I I I C., AL Sc i "I C O~ ;11111 ~_,;WlellSkA , ATIi I it-, '.11~4inC-01_ T I 1'i, E On the caiises of Cormation of 1)riikeo froctures- in martonsite of high-strength steels Hiitnick6 listv, no.15, 1962, 2o2-209 The ;111thOrs stiidied the formatimi of hr;iked fr.~ctkr(,~ in freshly quenched martensite of the steel 30 water quenchin1g. had a strength of 170 to 185 'k9/C1;1_. I,or.-;ion a.~ welt as tensile tests wero madv. on notched and non-notched specimens. In soi,ie of the tonsile tets the kinetics of :)rO,,;i- gation of tile cracks were deterriined by the cnanges in condilctivitv, whilst the specimens were maintained at -200C (-20C) in g,1~011.n~ or, in the case of beiow-fr,-eziiig tnameratures, in a mi\tL1r(,' Of ,gasoline and CO,,. Ttie changes in the dynamic modillus and intornil friction were d~etermined at various temperatures on quenched and on rods after ageing. some of tile specimens were additionallv subjected to cathodic saturation with hydrogen. It was fomid Lhat braked fractures occur in martensite at stresses considerably lo,,-C, Card 1/4 On the causes of formation of ... Z/()3'f A 2/0()0/0()-)/C)() 2/0o't E073/E535 than the ultimate strength of martensite. These cracks ;.T-.)-.,c-;~r(-d primarily (70 to '~O-) at the grain boundaries of tht- initi.-Il austenite, w-hereby this process was most marked imiaediatetv al'ter quenching and became gradiially less with increasing ditration of , a, contrast to the view geing at normal or at lows temneratures. Tri of Troiano, the formation of braked fractures is not attributed to the presence of hydrogen, since braked fractures also appoared on specimens that were. subjected to vacuum extraction. 1'!10 UnIN~ effect of additional situration with hydrogen was to shorten the incubation period. Thermomechanical treatment (deformation b,,, abouL 1--%b in bendingg) directly after austenization, foliowed b), raL~id quenching, increased annreciably the incubation period :-.nd this is attributed to "strengthening" of the boiindaries of the initial austenite, which also manifested in an increase Of the bond strength. Tho following probable mechanism is suggested: during martensitic transformations easily mobile new dislocations are generated which behave essentially as individual ones and during their movement they only need to OVel-Come the PeLrls-Nabaro barrier. The reduced ability to form such 111~ird 2/~i 0! 1the C~Iuscs o f forl."'! r i oft of . . ./ /0 -) 11 li) -', /ooo/oo 3/ Z073/1:9,711 braked fracturei at lower temperatures is due to the temnor~k t deperidence of the width of tile dislocations. Due to tho rel,-~tlvoly low extornal stresses, thi,se dislocations will move and ;iccumul;it, at obstacles (grairt boundaries); as a result of this a strv-~-,3 stote will devel.on which, combined with the microcracks dilr.,ng tne inartensitic reaction, causes extension of the microcrac!,~!~ ;%ii(! tjj(- formati(:)n of braked fr;ictures. if prior to apf)lying an e\tern,ii load the material is aged at norria.1. or slightly hi g I i or t emi) e r~k - turos, the mobility of the disIocations decreases,due to the f,,-.Ct that they become I)artially "blocked" by point disturt)ances 1-c-ading to a decrease in their effective length. The easy mobility of dislocations formed durLng the martunsitic reaction was also confirmed by the high relaxation ability, vIlicl) at -'2(-) C reaches 10.~ of' the acting stress. The imthors beliovt- that it is necessary to study more closely the metallurgical rel;itiuns that influence the fol-mation of braked I'ractiires, includin iL, t h properties of the boundaries of the initial austenite,which greatly affect the formation of such fractures. There are 18 figures and 3 tables. Card 3/4 On the causes of forinition of ... Z/034/62/00(1/003/002/00'i E073/E935 ASSOCIATION: V~zkutnn~ 111stav ('lesearch Institute SUdMITTED: September 1q, 1961 Ca r d It /li OSKORY, Adam; NAMEK, -Karol Mai-.- - - - Application of nitriding in the petroleum industry. Wiad naft 8 no.6:136-138 Je 162. OSKORY, Adam; MAZAMT, Karol Proper selection and application of construction steel alloys in repairs of petroleum Installations. Viad naft 8 no.n:260-262 N 162. MAZAITEC. Karel, inz.9 kandidat technickych ved; MNSKA, Emilie, inz, Contribution to the study of braked fracture formation in the Martensite of high strength steel. Hat liaty 17 no.3.202409 I-Ir 162. lo Vyzkumy ustavp Vitkovicke zelezarny Klementa Gottwalda. HYSPECKA, Ludmila, inz.; BALUSEK, Jaromir; MAZANEC, Karel, inz., Dr.3c. Therzoomechanical treatment of structural steel. But listy 18 no.1:44-48 Ja 163. 1. Vyzkumny ustav, Vitkovicke zelezarny Klementa Gottwalda, n.p., Ostrava. z/0065/h0./Q0Q/0D2/0251/V262 ACCESSION NRf~-:APJ002912.:.~- 11 Usl AKV-1%10 qp n a t -A Y-- DO 2 `1963f`~ 251;A -7 mat -MO vZomer- n tal tr a steel - '0 l: ihih 4n 27% K z,3QChH ed e. zen xtwi 'ot r r 2MA ~Ls j g ' Rail"i-i, a 6.4 ~V pbp t %Mfi,~: 2* 29-214% Cr ;1.8672.2%,Ni,-O. -0~39% ' '.j. .1 0 018% 0.,01*-D.on%~S. .The mamplew, .:ro eVat 9000C 0 8 vere 11 at i--'sp6id 0 75- Wait- AnA -1~6. tons ~Piejj- 9 uirsi 'TJ 4-~Ust or% rADI i in,g WD 20.8~conds -a - wl4i ng Jm - :a e-e--vas a' i (-owpjl.i-9bsd:: i - V-bvvi -5:seev~~ ~-Steel -w 0,,27% C queue . ' 2 AV kg/ - shm 5500 St of- .Ci BiA61iii Akormatio'n- then --changed f-rom 85, % to 70i steil O.-OT showd An 'ACCESSIO M SRI,- -."3002911" - 2 1~ 4t-:-900_4fid.,~394Z 550 - _ im''Am"t so,*pb'_ *-~tllir*omi t w~ tbA M chanici micro- . so, tausas ~ thahjii- i": gibmstr f iai~ienqita -~Iates.` ~ The:- y ~_v tbAl in a ie -austafifte af be a b . e~lwmbev of Aul f y' argai . res when " Orm S zatantsible austenite, and by ' d .7, ix. reten tion'even:afltar,*tbe, ans ormation roza ~iu*ste e_ ': to- martensite. Th r nite :t ibir momachanical tiebtment - li duw, o,subi antiil~avoidence of :'thejt6ft6tl'ng.*fAu ariglnil-..~Auatin'itlt'gr 4 'it bbuairiax~ aurht tranqlti6~ 'to U!~ _o~.Fenstlk;due to ch- Ation" is ma alued_: OrLs. ` h~i: t figunii a, tables sezirch~lnatitu 8~_.,Qf ,the( Ilement i J 3 - - - - - - - - - - - NO.-REY Soy; a ;p RYS, Premysl,, MAZANEC, Kaml Prospect and trends of the neaearch in the field of materials. Vestnik GSAV 73 no.212l2-221 164. 1. Corresponding member of the ""zechoslovak Academy of Sclen:~es (for Rys). ACCESSION UR: AP4041522 Z/0065/64/000/00310309/0321 AUTHOR B runka , Otak ar (Brzhuak nOtak n r) ; Mntyn n , Mi roa 1 nv (Hatiash, Miroslav); Mazanec, Karel (Mazanets. Karel) TITLE: Contribution to the study of steel properties at hlRh deformation rates SOURCE: Kovove materialy, no, 3, 1964, 309-321 TOPIC TAGS: dynamic hardnebs, high deformation rate, Armco iron dynamic hardnesn, 30KhN2MA steel dynamic hardness, room temperature dynamic hardness, subzero temperature dynamic hardness, explosive forming, high energy rate forming ABSTRACT: Armco iron and 30KhN2MA steel were subjected to dynamic hardness tests with the purpose of studying their behavior at high deformation rates. The method in based on shooting a Projectile into a specimen. The dynamic hardness 11K is determined an the ratio C:w, where S. in the energy consumed in the formation of the 1,mprensior having a volume w. The dynamic hardneso tester consists of four !parts: 1) a device for projectile acceleration, 2) a device for 1/ 3 iACCESSION 14R., AP4041522 measuring projectile velocity, 3) a device for determination of ballistic pendulum deflection, and 4) a device for measuring the volume of the impreaGion. A projectile 4 -5 g in weight shot with a velocity of approximately 130 msec-1 and a kinetic energy of approxiT-,iato I y 5 It p in lit ts a up cc I men p I ace (I In a b a I I in ti r pen du I um. The deflection of Oic lat ter determines tiie consumed enervy. Th e velocity of the pro Jecttle is determined by compuLer nod two 1111 to cc I 1 9 . I d,,, rii ri i (-- iia r d n e 9 !1 ( -i 1" ) - 7 T~i e o f A rm c o t ro n a t !-2 q , and -190C a:~i(,,un(,i ro 180, -20,), -235, and -210 HI,, t.e., it;- ~i n Q, i t n maxiini~i-.i at -71~C. ~Ie dyniiqfc !)ardnerr. of 10KI-it42MA iv,-endr~ on IIC~Ilt LT(~11tMC11t. 11116 11~15 Its MaXirflUrl PL -30C. 'I'lle fact that il~. 'I, first i;icrca.,;Cs and tlicri (I(,crPaF-,cq ir. explained by the a (I a I- t c characLer of the deformation procc.9r, and the chango. of fh 11 Ue a f .5 PC c i f k C 11 (' -I r. Thp cause of the J ifferent behavior f, I , th te s te d M''i te -. i a I r; 11,-In no t Nle t been re 1 1 .11) ly explai fir''! . .1 r lyn an t C liardne !i , me a.,, urcmoi. t t; , howo VC r , ji rovi ded va I uab I P ~' I rid I i. q ou the Ica mechanical [!w"opertica of the material n at. high deformation rill-Vf). These findinga will rialic posalble a more dptalled determination of the conditiono for aliaping, by unconventional metlioda, e. bv explosive forminf,. Orig. art. has: 0 figuren, 6 forwulan, and I table. 2/3 'ACCESSION NR: AP4041522 IASSOCIATION: VAAZ, Ostrava; VUVZKC, QBtrava .SUB14ITTED: 27Aug63 ENCLi 00 OTHERI 004 :SUB CODE: MM NO REF SOV: 006 ; I ; --C-rtd 3 / 3 _- --- _ A 13sme a on atbr f ci i nt - 77~ 641-644 64 9 C a V*re --dame- -eln r a ra o n- re 0 t ry oar- :7 21103-66 EWP(w)/T/Ewp(-t)/WP(0 IJP(c) JDIEIWIJ(;., AM ' M., 1P6W8679 SOURCE: CODE: - CZ/0o65/6,5P)oo/oo5/o448/o46l ~..2yepecka-; ..'Ludzila-Giiietsiai Ludmilai B sek~' Jarouir--Valushek, tii"ir;,-:- Mazanee Karel-Mazanete,. Karel. ~OPG: W.: V7.KG-, Ostrava ~The_ effebt- 6f --metallur ical factore.on strength properties of 9. struettiral ~Cr'~-NI-Xo steels 4af ter.:'thermo-mechanlcal treatment SOURCE Kovov* zaterialyi-no.:3j 1905,~:448463. Top16 ~i -al r'-stiel at uctural- wte,el- tochanic'l h r a eat treatment, --~Dtj ~ength-property marten-site-,'austenite _ABSTRACT,~ In, this- study the.- of fedt.-,of produc, tibn-. technology on the Di6p9itit8~0 an:: alloyed. Cr--4is-Mo steelrafter thermo-mechinical.treatment --:-Vax -deter -mined In 1_cases~ veatijattdAhere was.~an inerea.e'in -eirength P'roperities~ f ter. the. ino-wnichanical' treatment I and in: some cases in"-, melts-. with -higher ca Ao .n conte nts),,., there,. was- also an . increase in h elat a m ri' g plaoticity~- T 9 r ive aximu so in,the ultimate str a th.jor given Was measure .d-iii,*moltt,e'melted.in.-tl.,o--air -whilo-the relative vabii.~was',miaasuied -ailtiis in -vaid, 'lum from highly pure raw & ilto _Motorii%14~, This finding was explik. o& *-~_the ~ so-called dynamic effe*cts of xswtineite plateson the boundaries:of austenito grAins. It is most likely L 34155-66 LWP(w)/T/EWP(t)/ET1 IJP(c) JI) ACC NR3 AFOM6039 SOURCE CODE: Cz/0034/66/ODD/003/0182/0187 AUTHOR: Chamrad, Antonin (Ekigineer); Mazansc, Karel (Profeseorl Engineerl Doctor of sciences) '2 ORG: Klement Gottwald Vitkovice Iron Works, Ostrava (VZKG) TITLES Effect of the open hearth furnace manufacturing process of high strength steels ~n their Inclination to undergo delayed fracture SOURCE~s Hatnicke liety. no. 3. 1966, 182-187 TOPIC TAGS: material fracture, Industrial furnace, steel industry, martensite steel/ 30CMHA martensits steel KBSTRACT: Formation of delayed fracture in martensitic steel was investigated on a t6del. The cracking was found to occur mainly on grain boundaries. Strengthening of the grain boundaries, by means of alloying elements. substantially decreases the tendency of the steels to undergo delayed fracture. Czechoslovak steel 30ChN2YA wag strengthened by addition of Fe-Ti, and the tapdency of fracturing was eliminated.0 Oxygen increases the tendency to fracturing. nThe importance of investigating primary production technology of metals when attempting to improve properties of steels is discussed. Ori&. art. has: 13. figures and 2 tables. LBaoed on authorst Eng. abstZ ,CJPRSt 36. &�1 0 SUB ODDE: 3.1, 13, 05 / SUBM DATE? none / oRiG REF, W / On REF: w Card 1/1 -t, 'j ~ " --- -- Bmt 649-15-194.55 MAZAIWC. K. Young human embryo Pha 11. with developing head process. Blol. listY 31 Suppl:148-154 2 Jan 19111. (CUM 20:9) 1. Of the Institute of Embryology of Charles University. Prague (Read-Prof. Z. Frankenberger, M.D.). Author is M.D. I' i'--, e. ~; - i " (-, (-, , /