SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT MORGULIS, N. D. - MORGULIS, N. D.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001135130004-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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'Threlf-rWO (fit Pti-C'")
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AuggLy"t"I. I _.
V. 17, M 2, 1947,'p. 261208.
Describes a newly developed Arre-efectf-Ic
esl discharjer for the measurement of very Ixtrh
valtages. Test re*ultA Indicate that such a dim-
charpr may have wide practicat application.

!A40T90
2m
Cathodes Imissian
"Auto-olectroolo Ihisaim of CoWlex Smalconducting
Cathodeep" N. D. Mm-gullsp pp
I
"Zhur Takh FIz" Vol XVI-I, NO 1&3-4
IxamimtIon of the properties of an electronic amis-
aim from present-dav emplax samiconductIng cathodes.'
IFor the case of a mmall int.!v~l plectric field with
,- i-I , a.fm=Lu
3'. / y
an Intensity of E, 0 ); secondtr, this
case given a very high energy efficiency W HeInquist,
H. Kan*Ctky, F. Norman, Ref.21. On the other hand, the problem of
& low temperature energy conversion b&xed an the use of small fr
is also worth investigating, as was pointed out in an earlier
work (R&C.1). There are 4 reforencent 3 Soviet and L non-Soviet.
ASSOCIATIONt ELy*Y&Viy gosudarstvannyy unLyersitat to. T. G.
Shtychanko (Xiyev State University Luent
T. G, Shavch*nko)
SUMaTT&Dt June 20, 1960
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62284
S/089/60/009/01/08/011
B014/BO70
AIMHORS: Korgulia, N. D., KorchevoZI Y,.-?.
TITLE: Thermoelectron ConversioAof Thermal Into Electrical
Energy Using Tjkqriu;L_~,~e Z7
PERIODICkb: Ltomnaya energlya, 1960, Vol. 9. go. It pp. 49-r~-l
TEXT: In continuation of the publinhed works of Ref. 1, first of all
a cathode material (one-component t:rpe) was sought, which would have
carked emissivity even at T =-' 20000K. A diode filled with cesium vapor
was employed, whose cathole was a tungsten band in the center of which
was applied a thin film of ThC2. A tantalum anode with a shielding was
placed at a distance of about 1.5 am from the cathoAe. The temperature
of the cathode was measured by mears of an optical micropyrometer. The
measuring flask into whi,.h a drop (of cesium was put, was placed in a
thermostat. Thus, the pressure of the cesium vapor could be determined
from the coastant temperature of the flask, which could be exactly
measured. The interesting parameteze of ThC2 were determined by methods
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62284
Thermoeleotron Conversion of Thermal Into S/089/60/009/01/06/011
Electrical Energy Using Thorium Car')ide B014/B070
of ton and electron emission. For the temperature range 1900-21000K and
at a cesium temperature of 2500C, a specific cathode power
Q - 12 4 OM2 and an efficiency (if thermoelectric conversion
Tt - 12 3 ~vas round. These results are supplemented by taking the
current-voltage curves (Fig. 4) for in inner and an outer circuit. In
the first case, the saturation regic,n. between YR a -0.2 and -1.6 v is
hardly marked for reasons not known. In the second came, it is
remarkable that the region of aro discharge to missing. Professor G. V.
Samsonov from the Institut metallokeramiki t 6POt6GPlLVOV AN USSR
(Institute of Powder Metallurgy and 3 ecial Alloysof the AS UkrSSR)
Prepared the thoriu carbide. There are 4 figures, I table, and 3
references: 2 American and I Soviet.
SUBMITTED: February 6, 1960
Card 212

62157
d S/04SJ60/024/36/04/017
3019/BO67
AUTHORS: Korgulig, X. D., Waunovotst A. 0.
TITM Formation Kinetics and Some, Properties of Oxygen Fllas~
&dfforbad on Tungsten "%
I/
PERIODICAL: livestiya lkad6ali nauk 5331. Seriya. fizichookaya,
15600 Tol. Z49 so. 60 pp. 647- 656
TEXT: This is the reproduction of a locture, deliyered at the 5th All-
Union Conference on Cathode 21*atrontes frou October 21 to 289 A559 In
1(dacow, This paper is devoted to calculation problems of oxygen adsorp-
tion on tungsten. In the introduction, these processes are discussed in
gensr&L, and formula (1) for the rate of formation of a fila adsorbed on
the ourface is given, Furthermore, the teat tube shown in Fig. I is dle-
cuseed with which the ourface potential of a tungsten band contained in
the tub* :an be measured. This tube is equipped with an Allpert manometer
by means of which the pressure jumps in the ionization can be measured.
In this part of the paper, B. L. Chuy!Lor, Ta. 9. Xuchoro , V. r, I(edved4r.
and Tu. S. Todula, are mentioned. The, necond part of the paper deals with
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(,,'!I
C 5Y
Forvitiog', Unetics and Sow* Pro-trtl.os of Oxygen 3/048J60/024/06/04/017
a,
FLImm Adsorbed on Tuagaton BOWE067
the adsorption kinetics of oicrettu films On tungsten- ta Fig- 3 the do-
p*ndenco of the contact potential Ott the period of adsorption with dtr-
fortnt oxlgtn pressures to graphically represented. From, this liaotram
the attthors obtain the coeffiatont Cor the oxygen condensation
(I v, 0-05) b7f formula (6), and they point to its low valut coxp&rtd with
other resultse Ift the discussion of this reault it is pointed out that
this problem has not yet been thoortitically dealt with$ and In conclusion
it to stated that on the basis *f the, results obtained here It to diffi-
cult to determine the coefficient o4O oxygen condensation. Tn the con-
prehensiro discussion of the properties of the adsorbed oxygen the
dependence of the contact potential on the period of adsorption and the
texptratttre (rigs. 6, 7)t the dependence of the jumps on the temperature
for pure. CO and par& 0 , and the dependence, of the jumps on the adsorp-
tion period with varLoG pressures (Fig.1t) are dealt with. The existence
of a second adsorption phase of 0 2 which could not be prored here is
discussai. Furthermor*9 the effect Is pointed out in which apparently
the film Of CO molecults is replac 4d by 0 molecules. The; authors thanic.
Tu. G. Ptushinskly for assistance givezz il th* performance of the work.
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Formation Onotice and Box* Proporties of OxIgan
Films Idsorbed on Tuugst*a
P-2159
3/049/60/024/06/04/017
B015/BO67
Ther# &re 11 figures and 12 references: 7 Soviet, I Britiah, 3 American,
and I Carman.
ASSOCIATIONt Institut fittki tkademLL nauk USSR
. (Physics Institute of the Academy of SoLancte, UkrSSH
C-Lrd 3/3 X

66011
A.UrHORt NoLaulis, K. D, S/055/60/070/04/004/Oil
B006/B011
TITLEs Conversion of Reat Energy, Into Electric Energy by Means of Thermo-
ele-atroni~: Emission
PERIODICALt Uspekht fizicheskikh nauk, 1960, Vol 70, Yr 4, pp 679-692 (USSR)
TEXTt The~present article offers a chronological survey of experiments, methods,
and possibilities of converting heat energy, directly into electric energy. Experi-
ments were begun in 1949 by working with the thermoelectronic, emission froal pure
tungsten in cesiunt vapors; the efficiencies attained were very low. Today, there
are already small laboratory instruments atf:41,ining an 1LQw 15% and (per cathode
surface unit) a specific power of (jiZ050 w/cm~'. An important contribution to these
problems has been made by A. F. loffe who suggested the "vacu=- thermccouplealt
workirg on a, semiconductor basis. The labor&tory instruments used today may be
divided into two classest vacuum instru=ents, and gas- rsr vapor-fillqd instrumenla.
The first part of the present article deals with investigations and their results
in the first stage during the years 1949 to 1957. The second part is devoted to Ih-
latest achievements in the field of thermoelectronic convF-rtera (1358-1359). The
results given by the papers mentioned, in references 9-28 are discussed. Investi-
gations in this field were intensified in 1958. a great number of laboratory in.-
struments for direct energy conversion was developed. and the possibilities of
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66on
Conversion of Heat Energy Into Electric Energy by S/05`;/60/070/04/004/011
Ueans of Thermoolectronic Emission Boo6,,Bov:
cathode heating by mean3 of nuclear energy were investigated. I.gain, cesium vapors
were made use of, that had stood their test In the production of contact potential
differences (increase of effi.ciency) and in the neutralization of electron apace
charge by thermal ions. L converter with a high-temperature V cathode in Ce vapor
(kef 9), that was investigatod, in the range of 2550-2910OKe is dAccuseed next, In
this case, good agreement was found with theory in th%t %v*10% at 2900oK. I's way be
seen from the table, q and ca rise exponentially with the cathode temperature (Cf.
also Fig 9). Besides W cathodes also such of Re and Ta (Refs li,14) were investi-
gated. Lt 29000K, such instruments attained only rTtP5%- Since i; low-voltage die..
charge occurred between the electrodes, the instrument wag terned Oplaama, thermo-
couple". L Curthe r temperature increase of the cathode (c~;~000't) brought about a
rise of . n to c-, 15~ at ca -30 w/cm.2. La may be seen f rom f igure 14., ef f ioiency drops
sharply If there occurs a discharge between the electrodes. In order to keep the
space charge as lcw as possible in the case of vacuum devices, experiments were
undertaken with'very strongly approached electrodes (up to llot~~ (Ref 16). The
authors worked with two low-temperature L-cathodest. figure 12 vhows a comparison
between theoretioal and experimental results, It Is assumed that with about 30 such
cathodes It ie possible to attain & power of d45-1.0 kw at Further in-
vestigations of low-temperature cathodes in Ca atmosphere followed. The production
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660LI
Convervicn Of ff6at Energy Into Electric Energy. by S/053/(0/GT0/04/004/0t1
Means of ThormoolectronLa Emission S006/BcIt
of positive Ce tons by local thermal ionization to described (Hof 18). Working
with cathode-adsorbed Gazo seems to be promising. In reference 210 calculations
of hypothetical thersooloments wort made, that var* tipedtad, to reader possible
an.9 of 25-~30% at 110000t and to attain & total officioner of 5D-60 together
with a at*&& turbine plant. further low-temperature cathode conr*rt*re, are mentioned
(Refs 22t25) along with a theoretical investigation (Rof 25). Finally, a, for
suggestions mad% by Ustern authors. cona*rning the direct oonversion of nuolear
energy into oleatrio energy are discussed. The off itionciot of, thos*instruaents
are between 5 and 101 only in the case of & temperature diffortnee between ea,thode
aal anode amounting to 20000 an 9ft 25.4-woull be possible. Thar& are 16 figures,
I tables and 28 reforeracess 14 of which are Soviat. qx
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