SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT SANTEL, L.J. - SANTO, G.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT


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SANTHA., Istvan
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SINTHA, Andras, Dr, physician lieutenant colonel; Health Service of the Hun-
'g ---- -_ '( A I
garn-an feop7i-eTs Army .1agyar Nephadsereg Egeszsegugyi Szolgalata) and the
-rederic Joliot-Curie National Radiation Biological Institute (Frederic
Joliot-Curie Orszagos Sugarbiologiai Intezet) (director: VARTLERESZ, Vilmos,
Dr, candidate of medical sciences).
"Exrerimental Data on the -Early Radiation Reaction of the Digestive System
I=]. The Changes in Carbohydrate Absorption due to X-Ray Irradiation."
Ztdapest. Honvedorvos, Vol XV, No 3, July-Sept 1963, pages 242-249.
Abstract: Ckuthor's Hungarian summary] Dogs irradiated with supralethal..
doses of X-ray have been joined by cross-carotid circulation to non-irradiated
dogs. The determination of glucose and xylose absorption in both dogs, in
the initial hours after irradiation, gavethe following results: 1. X-ray
irradiation decreases the absorption oil carbohydrates noticeably, already~
in the early post-irradiation phase. The inhibition is observed in both
dogs although to a lesser degree in the non-irradiated dog; 2. the further
decrease in the glucose and xylose absorpticrs is not proportional. The
differences indicate that the initial stress effect and the increased per-
meability oil the intestinal mucosa manifest themselves earlier in the absorp-
tion of the xylose than of the glucose. In the latter case, the disturbance
of phosphorylation plays a decisive role; 3. initially, the rate of the de-
velopment of sugar absorption disturbance is slower in the irradiated than
in t~e non-irradiated animals. This is attributed to an increased motility
1/2

-Budapest, Honvedorvos, Vol XV, NO 3, July-Sept 19053, pages 242-249.
of the intestinal villi in the early stages of irradiation which compensates
temporarily for. the combined defects of absorption due to disturbances in
the circulation, oxidative phosphorylation and other stress effects; 4. the:,
results of the experiments confirm previous findings by the author which in-.
dicate that early intestinal disturbances, due to irradiation, - can, have a
in_m
humoral transfer to non-irradiated animals The assume(! huioral-mediator
hibits some enzymatic processes and increases tha permeability- of the U
m
e -because
cosa. The results of sugar absorption tests are not qui e~.cl at out,
t
of antagonistic factors present, which cause some modifications. 11 Eastern.
European, 18 Western references.
:12
--of 1.0nl!""G-~
ssf ull y demonslra%':~
quece - -_ ,-;+rn to the effect -.+hna used

HUNGARY
~Andrq~, Dr, physician-lieutenant colonel cand. or me&;, sci.;~
Hungarian People's Army, Health Service (Magyar iephadsereg Egeszsegugyi
Szolgalata), and National 'Frederic Joliot-Curie' Research,Institute-of~
Hadiobiology and Radiation Hygiene (director:.VARTERESZ, Vilmos, Dr, candid
of med. sci.) (Orszagos 'Frederic Joliot-Curia'~. Sugarbiologia.i.es Sugar-
egeszsegugyi Kutato Intezet).,
"Metoklopramid as an Antienetic in the Primary, General Irradiation Rai
Wf
tion of Experimental Animals (Preliminary Communication
Budapest. Honvedorvos, Vol XVIII, No 4. Oct-Dee 66, pages 313-321-
Abstract: [Author's Hungarian summary modified] The effect of metoklopramid
(Paris) on the motility.of the digestive tract and its ahtiemetic effect
were studied in animal experiments. Previous literature reports were cona;
firmed according to which the compound is an antiemetic with low toxicity
and a broad range of effectiveness which has a beneficial influence on the
motility of the digestive tract. In addition to the alleviation of the
emetic component of primary irradiation reaction, it is AL- suitable drug
also because it suspends the gastric retention which accompanies irradiation
and it increases the rate of intestinal passage. It also enhances the move-
ment of intestinal villi,thereby facilitating resorption. It decreases the
readiness of the intestinal wall toward antiperistalsis, this being one of
the mechanisms of its local action. This is a preganglionary effect and does
not inhibit the effect of phenothiazines and ganglion blockers. Intherapeutic_~.:'~,,
1/2

RUMANIA
_~ANTIIA,._A., Lieu tenant-Co lonel, Medical Dr., Candidate in Medical Sciences,
PhysYETa-ii-Emeritus (candidat in stiinte medicales medic emerit) (Peoples
Republic of Hungary)
"Role of Nonspecific Humoral Mediators in the Appearance of Biological Affects
of Ionizing Radiation"
Bucharestv Revista Sanitara 1-filitarat Vol 16y Special No., 1965; pp 438-450
Abstract: X-irradiated dogs and rabbits with 200, 400, 800 and 1200 r: in.
testinal lbicromotility" increases sharply initiallyi then falls much below
the normal values; intestinal absorption of xylose and glucose falls off
even in the parabiotic dog (non-irradiated dog sharing circulating blood
with irradiated mate); immunologic studies indicate that necrosine is in-
volved. 7 graphs, 7 photomicrographs, 5 Immunoelectrophoregrams.

1316. Oiagulatitlity of the dopdt blood of the splam. Ilidogh,
4 2~1
I I ,
1.4 4LO-10
wa's it tric 'iII4111opr
or q ~I .
0 11 t' it '.Ln ulaimll ;uld dej-4t blorid. 6ciminc - &VU Ecrum
JCLIV -1~' thrombin tu a greater drgrec than cirtulatio.1 serum.
ji;c viian) A. B. L BmKAx

. -. . ---

HMIZIG ARRY.
SANTHA, Andras, olonel, FABER. Viktor, Dr, physician-
__Dr, physician-lieutenant a
1euE_ena__nt-_`co16nel, BARMS, Edit, technician; Health Service of the Hungari-
an People's Army ( A Maeyar Nephadsereg-Egeszseguryi. Szolgalata) and the Fro-
deric Joliot-Curie National Radiation Biblo ical Institute (Frederic 'Joliot-
9
Curie Orszagos Sugarbialogiai Ihtozet ~YARTERESZ,~ Vilmos, Dr,
candidate of medical sciences).
"Experimental Data on the Early., Rad_:1'ai-JL'oh._'Readti6n of'. the. Digestiire-System
IV. Absorption and Excretion' of-Cor-ouscular Matter. After. X-R4y Irradiation.
Budapest, Honvedorvos Vol-.M No 3, Julk-Sept i063, pages 25'0~2567-
Abstract: [Authors' Hungarian summary] The mucosa ofthe small intestines of
do.gs, irradiated abdominally idth supralethal (800r) doses of X-ray, show
such permeability already in the first hours after irradiation, that coarse
corpuscular matter introduced experimentally into the intestines (dry starch,
charcoal powder, cobalt dust) can penetrate it in both directions. As opposed
to the normal mucosa, the radiation injury causes permeability not only to-
ward the lymphatic ducts but also toward the capillaries of the.v-Mi. This
was shown by absorption experiments with clamped thoracic ducts. The granules
do not pass'through-spots without epithelium since in the early stages such
spots are not yet present. The factor which increa:ses the permeability can:
be transferred to non-irradiated dogs by cr ossed-carotid circulation. The
spreading effect of X-ray irradiation, as seen by experiments with corpuscular
1/2

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SAMOLZER# Vilea (Cal. Prof..Dr. of Natural Sciences) mbdical AoidaW)
Author of article,, "Basisof Hydrogen Weapons, discussing the
splitting of ursniirm and plutonium,, thermonuclear reaction, and,
deateriun as a basic raw material for hydrogen weapons, and giving
the theoretical breakdown of deuterium into tritium and the sub-
sequent processes. He states that the most important components
of hydrogen weapons are the isotopes deuterium, tritium, and pro-
bably lithium. He compares the effects of a hydrogen bomb to those
ofthe atomic bomb, and states that the USSR has both the hydrogen
and atomic bombs at its disposal.
(VZL, Feb. 55)
SO: Sum. 6009 1 Aug. 1955,

CZECIJ/3j-,~8-6-15/30
AUTHORS: Santholzer, V., Podzimek, J. and ackfi, J.
TITIR: Systematic Observations on the Radioactivity of Rain
and the Proof of the Artificial Radioactivity of the
Atmosphere (SoustavnA m9r"ed radioaktivity atmosferick~ch
srAz'ek a duliaz um6ld radioaktivity atmosf;ry)
PERIODICAL: CeskOBlovensk'~ Caso is,Pro Fysiku, 1958, Nr 6,
pp 716 721 (Czech3
ABSTRACT: Systematic measurements of the radioactivity of
atmospheric showers have been made here since December
1956. The 0-actiwity of each rain- or snowfall was .2
measured. The rain is collgated in a permanently open
flat container of about'l m area, situated 8.5 M Above
ground level.,.The water run off the container into.s.
collecting veblil and is then transferred into a flask
for boiling. The water is boiled under reduced pressure
until its volume is.considerably reduced. It is then
transferred onto an aluminium dish and,is dried
completely by infra-red radiation. The 0-activity is
measured by a Geiger.counter with a well-defined
geometrical arrangement and good screening for the
reduction of background activity. Calibration by a
Cardl/4 radioactive standard has shown an overall counting

CZECH/3 -58-6-15/30
Systematic Observations on the Radioactivity of Rain and the Proof
of the Artificial RadioactlVity of the Atmosphere
efficiency of 14%., The measured activity is always
normalised to 1 litre of water. The statistical error
is about 5% for weak samples and 296 for strong ones.
Figure 1 shows the results of measurements up to
September 30, 1957. The largest activity was recorded
on August 14, 195? and was 6 000 pulses in 5 minutes for
I litre of rain. Several other maxima in the radio-
activity have been observed. In a 5eries of rainfalls,
the first is commonly the most radioactive.
The dependence on time of the radioactivity of each
sample has-been studied. In Figure 2, the activities
of two samples, taken on January 8, 1958 and January 9,
1958, are platted as functions of the time elapsed since
a nuclear test. The function follows the law discovered
A t-n
by Way and Wigne.r (Ref:5) At 1
Al is the total activityl see after an atomic
explosion, n has a,value between 1 and 1.5,.Usually
1.2 (Ref 2). The above relation is fulfilled in our..,
Card2/4 case and it therefore seems likely that themixture of

CZECF/37-58-6-.15/30
Systematic Observations on the Radioactivity of Rain and the Proof
of the Artificial Radioactivity of the Atmosphere
radioactive isotopes.in the rain is the same as that
found in samples of rain or dust collected,in the
vicinity of atomic explosions.
A search for a-activity was undertaken with counters and
photographic plates but no a-radiation was detected.
Admittedly, the methods employed were not sufficiently,
sensitive to detect very weak a-activity.
An estimate of the energies of the 0-particles was made
by measuring the absorption.of the total radiation by
aluminium. foil. A very rough analysis showed mainly two
types of radiation, namely, 0.6 MeV and 1.9 MeV (Figure,3),-
Thisanalysis does not contradict the assumption that the
measured activity is due to nuclear test explosions
(Ref 8).
By comparison with a 90 Sr standard preparation, it was
estimated that the activity per litre of rainwater on
may ?., 1957 and August 14, 1957 was 2 x 10-9 and 4 x'10 -9,
curie, respectively. This is in agreement with the
results of other workers (Refs 2 and 7).
Card3/4

cz/38-6o-1-6/24
'AUTHOR: Santholz r, Vilbm (Hradec Krhlov&)
TITLE; Results on Measuring Artificial Radloactivit f the Atmosphere
in Czechoslovakia.
PERIODICAL: Jadernh Energie, 1960, No. 1, pp. 16 20
TEXT: The,author,discusses various methods which may be employed to
measure the degree of radioactivity, and gives tlie results of measuring the
artificial radioactivity of atmospheric precipitations for a period of 32 months.
He also gives the results of measuring radioactivity of nuclear fallout during 00,
the last eight months, which is an evaluation of the period subsequent to the
cessation of nuclear tests. The*dependence of the decay rate on the age of the
specimen up to the period of two years is demonstrated. Also the so-called age
index of several specimen with light masses has been roughly determinated. There
are 6 diagrams.
ASSOCIATION.- Katedra fysiky l6ka~ske' fakulty.Karlovy University (Physical
Section of the Medical Faculty at the Karl University)
Card 1/1

81795
Z/037/6o/ooO/C3/0O5/oi4
AUTHOR. Santholzer, V119M
. .. ........
TITLE: Results of Measurement of the Fall-ou&ver a Period
Of one Year After the Stopping of NuclearTests
PERIODICAL- Ceskoslovensk~ c5asopis pro fysiku, 196o, Nr 3,
pp 216 - 218
ABSTRACT- The results of these measurements have shomi that
the amount of fall-out has dropped substantially.
During the first six months afterstopping th tests,
e
the amount of fall-out remalned practically the same
as it was before. The cumulative activity of the
first half year,after cessation of the tests (up to
April 30, 1959) was 121 mc/km 2 and for the second
half year (up to October 31, 1959) it was only,
2
54 mc/lan It is probable.that a permanen't.decrease
Card!/3

z/o37/6o/ooo/O3AW/014
F-2734E 32 Period of One
Results of Measurement of the Fall-ou
Year After the Stopping of Nuclear Tests
in the radioactive fall-out has begun since,during
the last three months,not a single"signal"activity
was observed. The average daily activity in
2
October. 1959, was only 0.07 me/11M The cumulative
activity for the whole year after cessation of the
tests, i. e. up to October 31,~1959, was 104 mc/km2
The relatively long time taken to clear -the
troposphere from man-made radioactivity is atrributed
to the contamination of the lower strata of the strato-
sphere. Furthermore7 the influence of somewhat
abnormal meteorological conditions during -the autumn
of 1959 cannot be ruled out. This problem will be
dealt with in a further paper, which will also deal
With the fall-out of strontium 90. Acknowledgments
are expressed to Doctor J-PodZimek for his assistance
in evaluating the results.
Card2/3

&
re la CledwaWy"
V
MAI

.
M
%A
1840
(1960).-Fallout Wrefs was"Measured for 82 miantlu, Iwd
dry fallout for 8 amths. After tvapw.. and ashloW of
'
amplea, tbek, P~wctlvfty vras. def4. with an en&ffindow
coanter. Jhs faflWt-w" dO*y#'jratW divft-rabs,
k"Mt Immediately. after rain. The SY t
' t
decreased dwa the
sto of alldW tests.
Activit, Of a ativeams Was followed for 000 &y$ t

date the whkh'dm aample arijbisted, CQ
o tes in he

be'
detd bo a simple' W method. The affect of m
,
"A"
ZI-
h'fill
l
i
f
kk
tests Was tv
w
oot
at On
for
t
roto O
"
y
- 41-1!o
The ac"ty A docresses according to A ~
i
i
I
r
e
=
nc
eas
wh
the t
me and a
s 1.13 up to 100 days,
s up
Sme samples. with Initial Values
to I M for longer times.
of a of 3 or 4. must have, contained 9tivitift other thsn fis-
4on: products. . SInce7 bid samples -contain bigher'prWor-
tions of Srw + Y!P, with higher P-ewergics, than shcar t-tivvd
"
i
d
d
dere
fission pro
ucm the P-entrgy can be cons
as an
age
liT&m. A pr
ty the detn'of the ap index
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effect f.=
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?

Z/038/60/000/009/00Z/005
A20i/Ao26
AUTHOR Santholzer, Vil6m
TITIE: Increase of Fallout RadloactivitfDue to Nuclear Tests in the Sabam
PERIODICAL. Jadernh energie, 1960., Nd. 91 pp* 294 298
TEXT* From the steepincrease of fallout activity as measured by kEdeft fyai -
ky l6kahM fakulty Karlovy university (Department of Physlesat the Medical
Departmept, Charles University) in Hradec Kr&lov6 in March and A:pril 1960, the
author shows that these increases are beyond any doubt due to the nuclearteBts
in the Sahara on February 13, 1960 andApril 1, 1960, respectively. The above
Department engages in systematic measurements of fallout activity. It obtains
samples from conventional collection vessels, one of sheet metal, the other of
plastic. Specimens are collected,in periods of 1 - 3 days, In case of increased
fallout activity even daily. In addition,,monthly control specimens are collect-
ed. The beta activity of the samples obtained is compared to a,reference stand-
ard sample Sr-90 + Y-90, which is made available to the.Department by Academician
Frantiiek Bihounek of the dosimetrick6 odd4eleni Ostwru jadernfiho v~zkumu (Dosi-
metric Section, Institute of Nuclear Research).. Systematic measurements are ow-
Card 1/2

Z/038/60/000/009/002/005
A201/A026
Increase of Fallout Radioactivity Due to Nuclear Tests in the Sahara
formed by an automatic measuring system including an,automatic sample.zhanger
and pulse-count recording on a paper tape designed by Englneer.JiH Macku and
built at the department workshop. Since the discontinuation of nuclear tests-In
November 1958, the fallout activity kept decreasing and reached a low of 0.03
millicurie/km2/day in November 1959 remaining at this value until the end ofFeb-
ruary 1960. On March 1, 1960, a fallout activity ok 1~.65 m1llicurie/km2/day ws
measured which dropped to 0.04 millicurie/km2/day after 3,weeks. Then again,
on April 9, 1960, the activity'rose to 0-70 millicurie/knilVday. The decrease of
activity with time is given by the relation A = at-n, where a is a constant.A
is the time counted from the data of the nuclear test. The exponent n was found
to be 1.2 - 1.4 for dry fallout and 1.2 for the dry residue of rain precipita-
tions. (The reason for this difference of the two exponents cou2d not be e)t
plained.) By -~be extrapolation ofithe Increasing fallout "half-'life graphs
were plotted which proved that the date of origin of the March activities was
February 13, 1960 and that of the April activities April 1, 1960, i.e., the dates
of the nuclear test explosions in the Sahara. There are 11 figures and 7 refer-
ences; 2 Czechoslovak, 2 Soviet, 2 English and 1 West-German.
ASSOCIATION., Katedra fysiky l6ka,~&6 fakulty Karlovy university (Department'of
Physics at the Medical Department, Charles University) in Hradec
Card 2V62 Krfilovb

Spode
kid
777
TT.

26848
Z/038/61/000/00~bO3/005
4 06, 2 ~'B 6 D238/D305
AUTHORS: Santholzer, Vil6m, Mackii JiM, Havlovi~, Vratislav, and Podzi-
m e k-J 6 -se-r-
TITLE: Additional evidence of an increase in radioactive fallout as.
a result of French nuclear tests in 1960
PERIODICAL: Jadernh energie, no. 4, 1961, 122 129
TEXT: Following the French nuclear tests in Frebruary and March 1960t,
the katedra fyziky.Ifikafske' fakulty.Karlovy university (Department of Phy-
sics, Medical Section, Charles University),in Hradec Krhlovb and the fyzikhl-
ni fistav le'kafske' fakulty.Karlovy university(Physical Institute, Medical De-
partment, Charles University) in Plzevn determined an increase in fallout, e.-
pecially that of rain precipitations. Similar results were also obtained by
Rumanian physicists V. Mageru, D.Blanariu and J. Gab Ie (Ref 4: Frische Kern-
spalt rodukte in der Atmosphdre (Fresh Nuclear-Fission Products in the Atmos-
phereT, Naturwiss. 47, 1960P 319). For fallout-activity measurements, the De-
partment of Physics in Hradec Krfilove' used an automatic device of its ownde-
Card 1/5

26848
Z103 61/ooo/oo4/oO3/005
Additional evidence of an increased... D238YD305
sign. It consists of an automatic sample and filter changer with a GM tube;..
a control unit; a programming unit; a timing unit; a printer; and a power
supply with protective and control circuits. The magazine of the sample cha-,
nger accomodates up to ten samples. During measurements,,.one place in the
magazine-was left empty for background determination, and one place was occu-
pied by a Sr-90+Y-90 reference standard. Fallout samples obtained in the per-
iod following the French nuclear tests had densities ranging from 37 to 1o4
g According to F. B'ehounek and V. ZelenkovA (Ref 8: Stanoveni radio-
/cm2
m
aktivity beta kapal.UkGh odpada (Determination of Beta Radioactivity in Waste
Waters), Jadernfi energie, 6, 1960, 9, 299), the correction for self-absorp-
tion at first increases proportionally with the increasing density up to.a-
2 nt
bout 30 mg/CM . With further density increases the self-absorption increme
decreases so that at a density of 200 mg/CM2 the measured fallout activity
virtually r1presents about 58% of the actual activilty, while for a density
of 20 mg/cm it is about 90 This provided anapproach IforIcalculating the
self-absorption correction. The same paper also suggested another cross-che-
cking method when measuring fallout samples with large densities. It utili-
zeB the so-called energetic of filtration factor F which is defined as the
Card 2/5 J

26848
Z/038/61/ooo/004/oO3/005
Additional evidence of an increase D238/D305
ratio of the pulse count obtained with a 0.1 mm thick Cu filter(Ncu)to that
obtained with a 0.1mm thick Al filter (NAl), i.e. F=NCu/NA3-- The'filtration
factor depends on the average maximum energy, Emax of beta radiation emanating
f3~om the sample. Therefore, triple measurements were made : One without filter,
(N pulses/min); one with a Cu filter.(Neu pulses/min); andone with an Al M-
ter (NA1 Pulses/min). Activity values obtained by this method differe'd,from
those obtained by absorption measurements using a Sr-90+Y-90 reference stan-
dard by 32% at the most. This is considered a good performance especially
since the Sr-90+Y-90 standard is not an ideal one, particularly when older
samples are concerned. This is because the self-absorption coefficient is dif-
ferent for samples of different age as was shown by J. Rhlkov1L (Ref 9: Mgr"eni
radioactivity ve vod&ch (Radioactivity Measurements in water), Jadernk ener-
gie 6,1960, 3, 89). The Physical Institute, Medical Department, Charles Unt-
V
versity in Plzen used a radiographical method permitting microscopic investi -
gation of the avtivity distribution on dust particles. A sticking-glass plate.,
18x24 cm, of their own production was exposed for 14-21 days to the effect of
sedimentation of both dry and liquid fallout. The plate was then'stored for
3 days in a dustless environment to let the side products of radon and.tho:rm
Card 3/5

26848
Z/038 61/000/004/003/005
Additional evidence of an increase ... D238%D305
decay. Then it was covered with,a 0.18 mm thick celon foil and tightly press-
ed onto an X-ray film (Agfa-Laue-Film)'. The film was then developed in,a hard
X-ray-type developer. The results of the absorption measurementst and especi-
ally those of the double-filter measurements show that the fallout samples at
the end of 1960 emit beta radiation of a higher average maximum energy than
the fresh ones. Activity increase could.also be proved by the metho *d of stidc-
ing plates. The decrease in fallout activity with time was studied on three
samples during ten months,using automatic measureing equipment. The activity
decrease is best expressed by the formula A=a.t-n, where.n=1.2 -- 1.4.~The
first half-times of different fallout samples range from 9 to, 18 days so tbELt
they also can be tracked down to the dates of the French nuclear tests on Fe-
bruary 13 and April 1, 1960. Appreciation is extended to Academician Franti-
Pek B~hounek. There are 11 figures and 14 references: 10 Soviet-bloc and 4
non-Soviet-bloc. The references to the four most recent English-language pub-
lications read as follows: T. Hvinden, D.Hveding, A. Lillegraven, S.H. Small,
Fall-out over Norway from high-yield nuclear explosions, Nature 186, 1960,
805; R.L. Patterson, L.B. Lockhart, Long-range,detection of French nuclear
tests of 1960, Science 132, 19609 474; W. Anderson', R.'E. Bentley, L.K. Bur-
ton, C.A. Greatorex, Detection of recently produced fission produc ,ts in the
Card 4/5

26a48
Z/038/61/000/604,'003./005
Additional evidence of an increase
atmosphere, Nature 186, 1960t 223; W. Anderson, R.E.Bentley, L.A-.. Burtont
J.0. Crookall, C.A. Greatorex, Radioactive fallout during 1959, Nature 186,
1960, 925.
4
ASSOCIATION: Katedra fyziky le'karvske' fakulty Karlovy.universityp Hradec
Kr.lilovfi (Department of Physics, Me dical Section, Charles Uni-
-ersitv Hradec KrfLlov6) (V. Santholzer, J.Mack-R, V. Havlovi6j
Geofyzikhlni fistav 6SAV, Hradec Krhlove' ( Geophysical Insti-
tute, Czechoslovak AS, Hradec Krklove') (J. Podzimek)
A
5 /5
Vara

7 e
21.2-400 30595-,
Z/037/6*l/Ooo/o66/Ool/oo4
E02VE135
0
AUTHOR2 Santholzelr_ U_
TITLE: The significance of the first half-time of
atmospheric, fall-out
PERIODICAL: Ceskoslovensk; Zasopis pro fysi Iku, no.6, 1961, 469-475
for the
TEXT: The paper describes an additional method
.
determination of the age of fall-out'samples. The method in
simple but rather time-consuming. Some samples of fall-out are
sufficiently radioactive to make the measurement of their
activity possible over a period of,several.months or even~yearae
Such strongly active samples way be considered an isolated, i.'e.
their activity is independent of the remanent.,background"activity
from earlier nuclear explosions. A sample is considered by the
author as isolated if it obeys the.relation.-
A kt-n k(T T,)-n,
A is the p-actIvity, k is a,con5tant, and (T T is the
Card l/ 3

30595
Z/037/6i/ooo/po6/POl/004
The significance of the first ... E024/E1351
time elapsed since the nuclear test. The-exponent n equals 1.2
for fresh samples; for.older,samples.,n =-1.5-1.7. ~There is
considerable uncertainty an to the accurate value of If Tj
is the date of the first measurement of the radioactivity of.,a
sample and T2 in the date.on which its activity has fallen.to
half its original value,:we. obtain,the half-life%
T =-T2 Tj V2_ 1)(T1 -o TO) c(Tl TO)
In general, we obtain
v c(T,- T (2)'
0
The plot of successive measurements of half-lifetimes of a
sample against time, yields a straight line which intersects thv
time-axis at To, i.e. the date of origin of the sample. This
procedure is valid an long an the activity of the-sample is
predominantly.due to a single explosion and the background
activity can be neglected. Such plots for samples originating
from recent Frenchnuclear tests demonstrate the,feasibility of
Card 2/3

30595
Z/037/6i/ooo/oo6/oo.i/oo'*
The significance of the first half-time...
Z024/ZI35
the method. Some evidence was-obtained that a radioactive cloud
can pass more than once over the same geographical point.:
Acknowledgments are expressed to Academician F. Be"hounek.
There are 3 figures and 7 references: 2 Soviet-bloc and 5 non-
Soviet-bloc. The English language references read an follows.,
Ref.4: W. Anderson, R.E. Bentley, L.K. Burt .on, J.O. Crookall,
C.A. Greatorex. Nature, Vol.186 (1960), 925.
Ref.5: D.H. Peirson, R.N. Crooks, E.M.R. Fisher.
Nature, vol. !86 (1960), 224.
Ref.6: Akpinar Salt: Nucleonics, Vol-15 88.
ASSOCIATION: Katedra fysiky le'ka;skg-fakulty Karlovy university$
Hradec Krglovi
(Department of Physics, Charles University Faculty of
Medicine, Hradec Kre~love')
SUBMITTED: April 12, 1961
Card.3/3

30596
2 7, 2, LID Z/037/61/000/006/002/004_
E024/E13.5
.ab 7k0
AUTHOR.a Santholzer, V.
TITLE: Results of'atmosphe'rica fall-out measurements in the
third year after cessation of nuclear tests
1961s 476-4^,
PERIODICAL: Ceskoslovensky Easopis pro fysiku//no.6
(9,
radioactivity of
TEXT: The paper Presents data on the
atmospheric fall-out collected between November 1 1958, the date
of the pause in nuclear tests, and May 1961, the date of
submission of the paper. The mean activity of the samples began
to decrease in the spring of 1959,and by the end of 1959 had
reached, at the author's collecting station, 0.03 me/k=2/day..
This mean value increased temporarily in March 19601j.due to the
French nuclear tests, to 1.93.mc/km2. By the end of 196o the
activity had decreased to 0.02 mc/km2, and remained at that leyel,
,up to the time of writing. The third French explosion.did not
lead to an increase.in the mean daily activity; however, the
difference between the sum.of the daily activities and the
activity of a sample collected over the period of a month became
unusually large, i.e. the monthly sample was 50% below the sum of
Card 1/3

30596
Results of atmospheric fall-out .... Z/037/61/000/006/oO2/00
E624/E135
the daily samples in January and February, 1961. This is'evidence
for the presence of fresh fall-out. The amount of Sr910 at the,
beginning of 1960 was 10-12 c/I of rain, which is about ten times,
less than it was a year earlier. The author considers that the
atmospheric fall-out reaching the earth at the time of writing
originated in the.stratosphere, which was contaminated by earlier
megaton explosions. The permanent cessation of nuclear tests
would reduce fall-out to.the insignificant level of 10-3, M'c/km2/day
lwithtn a few years. Acknowledgments are expressed to Academician
F. BehounekQ V.P. Shvedov and L.I. Gedeonov are mentioned in
connection with their work on nuclear tests.
There are I table and 3 references: 2-Soviet-blo-- and the
fellowing English language reference:
Small.
Ref.2. J, Hvinden, D. Hveding, A. Lillegraven, S,H~
Nature, Vol.185 (1960), 805:
W. Anderson, R.E. Bentley, L.K. Burton, C~Ac Greatorex.
Nature, Vo.1,186 (196o), 22'.z.
C ar d2/`~

S/081/62/000/012/013/063
B168/~101
AUTHOR: Santholzer, V-.
TITLE: The half-life of radioactive fallout
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no..12, 1962, 135, abstract
12GI62 (C'eskosl. ~asop. fys., v. All, no. 6,. 1961, 469 -475)
TEXT: Alstudy of chaAges in the activity of 56 samples of radioactive
Lallout, taken during 1957 - 1960,~showed that the half-life of a mixture
of fission fragments in the samples is expressed as a linear'funation of
time elapsed from themoment of their formation. This value varies with
the age of the fragments within the range 9-200 days The:jresults of
investigations on determination of the age of the fragments agreed well
with the date Dattern of nuclear tests and indicated that the radioactive
cloud which foams at the time of any one test may pass over the observation
station at least twice. [Abstracter's note: Complete translation-]
Card 1/1

TITLE: Results of measurements of radioactive fallout levels three
years after suspension of nuclear tests
PEKODICAL: Referatiynyy zhurnal. Xhimiya, no. 12, 1962, 135,.abstract
12GI63 (Ceskosl. 6asop. fys., v. All, no. 6, 1961, 476 -479)*.
TEXT: D'Ieasurements of radioactive fallout levels showed thatfollowing
suspension of nuclear tests in the fall of 1958 the fallou-t activity began
to drop steeply. By the end of 1959 the average fallout per 24 hours was
2
0.03 mcu/km . After a slight increase to 1-93 mcu/ in March 1960
(French tests in the Sahara) the fallout levels again fell, and by late
1960 and early 1961 had reached a value of 0.02 mcu/km2 per 24 hours. The
quantities of radioactivitywhich accumulated during the.lst*year (up to
Oct. 31, 1959) and the 2nd ye-ar (up to Oct. 31,1960) following suspension
of tests and also during the period Nov. 1, 1960 to Apr- 30, 1961 were
2
104, 14, and 2 mcu/km respectively. The proportion of fallout from the
Card,1/2

m

S;,

SANTHaLZER, V.
Correction factor forself-aboorption of flat beta emitters*
Chekhosl fi2z zhurnal 13 no.11:822-826 163.
1. Katedra fyziky lekarBke fakulty Karlovy university, Hradec
Kralove.

Vil m
Fallout d-urJncr the perlod of the atmaspher1c.nuclear teat
bar. Jnderna energie 10 no.1:11-13 Ja'64.
1. Katedru fyziky lekarake fakulty Karlovy universityp Hradec
Kralove.

SM,ITIIOLZER,, Vilem., prof* RNDro, Mae; NERUDA, Otakarl KNAIFL, Josef.

49
L 4P'291 j ),/,--?IAh
ACCESSION NR: AP501356:
1AUTHOR: Santh 1 -U.1; Xaviovic 11MUslav Ohlvlolric- V*)*/&
W7 ----- -
1-9~~7~~transkiy,P-); f~eruda,, Otakar; Knad-fl. Josef (Kqa~.1111, To)
t rA;K&:k I
ITITLE: Gamma spectra of the atmospheric fallolA.and &get indexes after the
cessation of nuclear tests
SOURCE,: Jaderna energie, no. 2, 196.5, 47-51
TOPIC TAGS: gamma ray, gamma spectroscopy, atdospheric pro rty,,radioactive
pe
fallout, managanese, strontium, isotope
ABSTRACT. Samples of atmospheric fallout in the years 1963 and 1%4, in the period
after the cessation of nuclear tests, were analyzed spe-~,trometricelly. The
lquantities of the individual nuclides in the mixture were determiried-.r*n the
16pectra by absolute evaluation using comparative preparations and standards. ~'Ka~
.waz dDtarmined along with fission products with long half lives. At the same time,!_
9OSr was detemined radiochemically. In this way it was po6cible toinake u f
several age indexes and to determine approxIiately the age pf stratospheric f out
from their half lives. Orig. art. has: 6 graphs, 5 formulas.

ACC NR, AP6022922 SOIRCH CODE: cz/0038766/000/001/0028/0030
AVrHOR: Santholzer, V*
ORG:
TITLEs, Now fission products resulting from Chinese ator&o explosions
SOURCE: Jaderna energis, no* 1, 1966, 28730
~TOPIC TAGS:- nuclear wcylosion, fission product, radioactive fallout, beta radiation,
ga= radiation
ABSTRACT: Af ter the first Chinese atomic explosion in the f all
of 1964 the increase of the'gamma spectr in Czechoolo-
5%rall_055
vakiawas rather small; an increase in Zr and Nb was, however
observed. The'second Chinese explosion occurred in mid-Mlay 65,
Two weeks later,an increase In the beta fall-out occurred, with
a maxinum,activity of 1.5 nci/da-y from a collectno!i% an area
of I squar6 meter, Comparison with samples of used
564 +y was
,for the evaluation of the fall-out,, although Tl would have been.,
more suitable. The use of K40 is discussed; it was not suitabl
:because of its low beta radiation.,, Orig. wt. has: 3 figuies-'_ Mt
SUB CODEt 18 SUBK DATE: none ORIG REFt 009 OTH REF: 003
Card 1/1 UDC: 62l.o3q:6i4-7(437)

L37013-66
ACC NRt AP6027045 SOURCE CODE: CZ/0038/66/000/004/0143/0145
AUrHOR: - Saritholzer-1-
ORG: Department of Physics, Medical Faculty, Charles Unniversit lec Kralove
(Katedra fyziky lekarske fakulty Karlovy universityF
TITIE: Quant1tative determination of radionuclide� using gama spectra
SOURCE: Jaderna energie, no. 4, 1966, 143-145
TOPIC TAGS: gamma spectrum, spectrum analysis, beta radiation
ABSTRACT: Literature (26 references) on the determination of radionuclides from
their gamma spectra is reviewed. The individual nuclides may often be determined
by a combination of radiochemical separation and identification of the gamma spectrai
The simplest method for determining an element from its gamma spectrum depends on
finding the area urAer the photopeak, taking as the base of the, area the abscissal'
distance between the I'valleys" on either side of the peak. The.number of curies Of
the nuclide present can then be calculated- from a formula. This, value may,be
converted to the absolute beta activity by a conversion coefficient. In a mixture
of radionuclides, each maybe determined individually by calculation from the
gamma spectra. In the subtraction method the spectrum is analyzed differentially.
By the graphic method, on log-log paper, two nuclides, e.g., 134Cs and 137Csj MY
be determined individually; three may also be determined. The effect of beta
radiation on measurements made with a well counter isishown in a Fermi-Curie plot.
Orig. art. has: 4 figures. [NA)
,SUB CODE: 20 S(JBM DATE: none ORIG REF: 004 SOV REF: 003
OTH REF: 019
rd 1A-/~ UDC:. 543-53: 539-166-3
L -Ca

Un
Of P_Y3-cs, M'ed.ical Faculty, Charles
iversity, 11radec Kar ove
r- y 1e' vy univer--~ity)
X fz,kulty Karlo
-ray emitters.
Simple met'hod for determining the activity of two mixed gaqFa
5 0R GE- jaderna energie, no- 5, 1966) 171-173
T00:0 -1.,IC:S: g,-r,;ma 21.1y, ""Lima spectrum
Aor rMI he .7",
ABS-111ACT: A gra~)hic method suitable relatively prompt deve 'nation of t
act`viv o' se,3araze radionue"ides in a mixture ol two or three radionuclides,
erer-ies of which are sufficiently.different, is described. This graphic meth
0 9~
is Dased on tll-.Q -Inte=l spectrum and therefore has better statistics. The method
~s suitable for weak activizies of theorder of nC, and necessitates suitable
*Lanc4ard preptra-7,ions of those radionuclides to be measured. For our experiments
a :aixture of 54,%al + 137cs with activities of 5.27 and 4-14 nC.
Orig. art. has:
1 fiffare, 2 formulas and 1 table. [INAI
J-7
SUB CODE: 18 SUBIM DATIE: 15Jul65 SOV POF 002 OTH R117V C04
9.166-3: 546-e16.02; .711-02
Card 1/i UDC: 539.12.082: 53

;I- ,
. -.1, - - - -
I';,- i: -', : , -.. -.

71 ` , - T.-