SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT SPICKA, J. - SPIKIN, V.I.
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December 31, 1967
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SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
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SPICKA~ Alois, inz,; BRIGH, Jiri; HANLICKOVA, Vera
Relation between the character of the soil and the method of worldmg
it in the Kralove Hradec region. Rost v-yroba 9 no.5:467-486 163.
1. Ustredni vyzkumny ustav rostlinne vyroby, oddeleni pudoznalstvi,
Ruzyne.
SPICKA, Jaroslav, Primar MUDr.. Mor. Trabova.
Therapy of tick encephalitis. Prakt. lek., Praha 35 no-11:
256-257 5 June 55.
(INCEPHALITIS, HPIMMIC. therapy)
SPICKA., Jaroclav
Differential diagnosis of tetanas. Cas. lek. cesk. 97 no.4:117-119
24 Jan 58.
1. Int. odd. nemocnice OUNS v Nor. Trebove. prednosta Jar. Spicka.
(TETANM, differ. diag.
septicemia, mibrococcal ((;Z))
(MICROCOCUI EWWTIONS. differ. diag.
tetanns from micrococcal septicemia (Cz))
(SEPTICEMIA AND BA07BRMIA, differ. diag.
same)
~P16KA, Jaroslav, Dr.
CzechoslovakicT-
internal Medicine Ward of the Hospital Boskovicl
(vilitfti qdd6leni nemocnice v Boskovicich);
Head: J. SPI~KA, Dr.
Prague, Vnit-1-ni 16kabstvi, No VIII-12, 19629 pp 1265-
1266)
I'Lofgi-eri's Syndrome Caused by Hydantoin Therapy."
CZEC 'OSIOV- !A
j., 1prim. SCj-r--,n-LjBtVL~T V,
insternal !,-,edic-ine Viarci Bosicovice of OU-,7Z (Vnitmi
0 d d e 1 e n i 3 o s 1 c o v i c e OUT N3 1 a i i sl c oo r S , j i c',-- a2.
Second Institulj-ue of Pa-tholo,,ical Anatomy of FIT (ii.
,,atolo Lir-c-it-omi, ck.1y, i-~z-,tuav FIT) , -.,3rno
!Tl-l-itrni lel'arstvi, 11-To -10, 1-163, p1, 10 o-1022
P s e d om c "t o " a --~. t 0 u.- s P --:r ac, r o t e -i r. a em i a A c c o.-,q , a- n y i'r.:r
.-y-
peame-phronna.
SPICKA J.; KRALOVA,B.; technicka spolupracez FISEROG,,J7hW.; KRF.JCIpJ.
Experiences in the determination of transaminases in myocardial
infarct. Cas.lek.cesk.102 no.50:1361-1367 13 D?63..
1. Interni oddeleni nemocnic,e v Boskovicich, OUFZ Manske;
vedouci MUDr. J.Spicka.
Y
tl New (Cuchoslovalc) ayntana-. Mirowlay SpUm (T.-ei-tat-cr
alid Allied Trideq Rm-arch
dole
am dt-w-rilwill, Kit) 6 syntam-Kil) (1) (tliuko, Val. 49.
W2.3c), inixed
I Witil.ligninext.; It 14 tewful 1`4 lituding of --Attu
leather. Syntan TK frofh~ trIcrisol-nall'6111C i Icid condt'.11%-ed
witli IIClIO 6 usefid fnr inkaimingaUlightre skia%. Syn-
tait 811 (11) is a further development (if.
1. litilizinga higher
.1rcentage of raiv pyni6-ttLTIniI fructom: (111). The uh
cathers, tamwd with Ware Inner, Intirc elivitle and give a
Itigher yield. 11 tends to (anti a -Mightly higher sludge Its
i liquors than L' Sy6tan Otnegii (111), Is pniduct-4 frillit
,111 "clusively anti has- goad dispersion. firopertim Syll-
tatt 13N0 (V) is destined for Waiting russtt. tech., Unit fight
vegetable feathers. , It replaces syntati SN 25 Qoc.' cit.)
'Raw materials for V are, 2-na~htholand o-cresol. The
sludge-solubilizing effect Is small. Lcathers tanned with V
...11117C fall. ocher-colonzA and have it smooth grain. - Billion
(VI) is in auxiliary Syntan destined ft~r bleaching 6ronic
leithers. Tlieble~n:cliingeff"tisi~tmilartOILS%visiprMixotp
Irgatan RBL. The syntans 11, IV, V, and VI have already
pagsed the pilot-plant stage and the nonnal, Production
ust ktaEqjl- Masner
CIcrew barrels in Soviet tanneries and how to use them in our country p.68
(Kozarstvi, Vol 7, no. 3, Mlar. 11057) Praha
SO: Monthly List of East European Accession L.G, Vol. 6, no. 7, July 1957. Uncl.
SPICKA, M.
Is it correct to state the output of sole leathers in weight, p. 124.
(Kozarstvi. Vol. 7, no. 5, May 1957. Praha, Czechoslovakia)
SO: Monthly List of Fast European Accessions (EFAL) LC, Vol. 6, no. 10, October 1957. Uncl.
BIAZHNY, Anton [Blazei, Antonin]; S-Mt2gg~!~~av'[Spivclca, Miroslav].
Testing chrome and vegetabre'latne`Y, N.Mnb-a o- bet~dozxtimed).
Ieg. prom, 18 no.5:30-34 W 158. (KIRA 11:6)
1. Tekhnologicheakly ingtitut Slovakii, g. -Bratislava.(for Blashey).
2. Nauchna-isBledovatel skiy institut kozbovenno-obuvnoy promyshlen-
nosti, g. Otrokovitse, Chekhoslovakiya (for ShpichkEL).
(Hides and skins--Testirg)
S f", C I,\- 0-
BLAZHEY, Ajjton;t-'WFfC#tA-. Miloslav ,
Analysis of leather tanned by the cbromo-vegetable rietbod.
Part 2: Calculation of the characteristic constants. Ileg,prome
18 no.6:40-42 Je '58. (MIRK 12:10
(Leather)
ANT S.Z e . WCHKA, MIROSLA.V_ 11 P~' , Miroslav]
BLAZH9Y, ON [Bl i, Antoidnl; ES cka
Testing chrome and vegetable-tanned skins (conclusion). Leg.prom. 18
no.7:31-34 Jl 158. (MIRA 11:9)
(Hides and skins--Testing)
C ", DC, i; 0 S L 0 Vit 11.~. j A
Mlomicel Tpchnolopy. Chemical Products and
Thj~-ir Ani)licntions. Leather, J~Nir. Gelatine.*
No. 23 1,)- Vo, 8',519
AE-3
JOUP, RZIQ.)!m.
.
,
i -.-, . ,7
0 a
A
C-- echo s) ovaki FLn Investipations on the
Ero~imtior, C)f shoe Sole Leother by Chrome-Ve-
petablve Tanning anti Com-arisom of -the Resultsl
1!)59, 9, Fo J., 6-9, 14
A 8 S TAA_ C T A review of works nertnining to short-cutting
in tbo technolopic;,J ,rocessina as well as to
indiidwil teehnologic5l mptho~s. Tbe biblio-
JeS. M. Luksemburg.
61 tif
Fra
hith Those Attained Abroad.
*Tanning ~'J*Lterials. Indtistrial Proteins.
A-,D:
SPICKA. Miroslav
From the activities of leather research institutes in
some socialist countries. Kozarstvi 14 no. 3: 65-68
Mr 164.
1. Leather Research Institute., Gottwaldov.
SPICKA, IL'roslav
Remarks on the new m-e-thod3 of sole leather production in
Czechoslovakia. Kozars',,-..ri 'I no.11:326-328 N 164.
'4
1. Research Institute of Leather Industry, Gottwaldov, Research
on Tanning, Otrokovice.
SPICKA, V.; REKTOR, V.
"Some remq ks on the use of special gasoline. p. 244.n
SVET MOT(RU. Praha, Czechoslovaklay Vol. 33, No. 8, Anril 1959
Monthly List of East European Accessions (EEAI), W, Vol. 8, No. 6, June 1959
Unclas.
Contribuiton to the l.-Moldedre ~-f the Lo,,-er and m-,ddle ~Iccene in the ncrtheastern
p~!rt of the Vienna
r- 63 (Pn-rue. Ustnv naftrvy vyzkupi. Prace, No. 23-253 105,6, Praha,
Czechoslovakia)
Eonthly Index of 'East European Accessicris (E]EA!) LC. Vol. 7, nc. 2,
Febmary
SPICU, V.
11 Determination of the borderline between Tortonian and Helevetian in the
Czechoslovak part of the Vienna basin."
GEOLOGICKE FRACE; ZPRAY, (Slovenska akademia vied, Geologichy ustav
Dionyza Stura) Bratislave, Czechoslovakia, No. 15, 1959.
Monthly List of East European Accessions (EEAI), LC, Vol. 8, No. 8, August 19596
3FICKil V.
.lion of Moravska mova VOS.11
"Establishment of the Solan bed5 4n the rej
VEESTNIK, ustredni ustav Frague, Czechoslovakia, Vol- 34, No. 3) 1959.
Monthly List of East European Accessions (EEAI), LC, Vol. 8, No. 8, August 1959.
Uncl.
an-OMMEMR- ".m - - ~W
Sj
"Irvtsti-gattions of' tli,~ t-tetonics oC t'ne burdignIlen ond Hclvetir-n in
the m-rtheast-rrn part of 'Uht Inner- nl-!~- in,-- busin.11
VE,"ST"'TK, Praha, C%echnslovalkia, Vol. 34, no. 4, 1959
Monthl.y list of East, Europe Accessions (EEAI), LC, Vol. 8, No. 61 Seot 59
UWclas
MITEJWSKY, V.; NOVAK, V,i SCHNABEL, B.; SPICKA, V.; VEGERKA, M.
ZIDEK, j.
Turbine oils from high-presswe hydrogenates of paraffin oils
from sulfurous petroleum. Hopa a uhlie 5 no, ~:260-265 S 163,
1. Department. of LubrIcation and Fuel Technology 3enzina
National Enterprise, Pragiie (for 14atejovsky). 2. Chemicke zavod-y
Ceskoslovenskosovetskeho pratelstvi National Enterprise,
Zaluzi v Krusnych hrrach (for Novak and Schnabei). 3. Slcvnaft
National Enterprise, Gstrava Branch Enterprise (for Vecerka
and Zidek).
4
-;[*, IV.
i -1 .11 K 11 3
Proposal of a ai, Tneral oil variety for the member states of the
;-*OunCi1 four Mutiml Economic issistance. Rope. a uhlie 6 no.2;3.~-34
F '164.
.1. Benzina, Odbor technAiry inazani a paliv.
CZECIIOSLOVIUUA/Char.dcal Tochrology - Chudaa FrAucts vnd H.
Their Application - Photjgraphic Materials.
Abs Jjur Ref Zhur - Khimiy-,, Ho 9, 1958, 30039
Author Halanek, C., Lacnak, J., Nemec., B.,,-Spickova,--
Inst
Title Me Treatment of PhotobTaphic Genatin With Cntion-
Exchange Resins.
Orig Pub Veda a vyzk. v prunyalu kozodeln, 2, 69-76 (1956)
(in Czech with suminries in English and Russian)
Abstract The treatment of gelatin (I) solutions obtained fron
animal skins with cation exchange resins (CER) yields I
which permit a high rate of blackening of the emulsion
without impeding the maximim sensitivity or producing
f3r,,. CER of Czech manufacture can be used provided
that they are of sufficiently coarse grain size*
The treated I contain less fats and suspended solids
and their viscosity is not markedly reduced.
.Card 1/2
HIMM
pho ffraphl, va ~P
The finisidag or b cationic ion ex-
changers. ~qgril HiMmep, M"k. go
YOL
NAmec, an lifilla SIDI kovILILeatEW-1,
'G%TfWa-r - W. , ; -- . ',-I
---Iww Jov. Ciech.). VMa a', - I
MU-tiedfix.4ts 2. 69-70(1957).-Phatogmp I, bid,
gelatin (1) for x-rayemulsion prer -st be more sensitive
ti uim
and the ripening, me shorter, the rest of Its phota.
graphic properties must be retained. This goal was attained
f
y adrin, of colloidal MOM. (H).but. the removal of U sus-
pension from I soins. wits difficult. The cationic ion ex-,
changers (Ell) FK and FN have been tried.'. The Ion-ex-,
changin capacity of 11. swollen 1U Is 11-17 r.-,!CaO. A
filtered I sola, at 60* passed through an 80-cm, column 61
M with a contact time of 5-6 min. M of smaller granula-
tion than 0.5 mm. had too long a contact time. Regenem~
tion of M with a 10% solu. of N%CI lasted 60 min.; 500--W
ad. of swollen M Is necessary for I kg- of' 1, cGnt
g. 2%
treat
C&O. Photochem. properties of 1 17 by M were
'studied. The treatment of I by M shorten the time of
'd In from ver 180 min. to 45-180 min. The t
m j MC!
to f s g is lZered, but the sensitivity Is influenced I e
V t" hat lower, and the content of Fe Is lower
by 43V,,. 'ThertW,."'t.e.t by, TH Is more advantageous In
t.heNacycle. Inhibitingsubstances of I are most probably-
Jow-mol. proteins with a cationic charge. 11.hUMALm-,
SPIMHENKO, A.N.
Speed of sound propagation in waters of the Caspian and Aral Seas.
Okeanologiia 1 no.6:1020-1024 '61. (F.IRA lr-:1)
1. Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, kafedra okeanologii.
(Caspian Sea--Underwater accoustics)
(Aral Sea--Underwater accoustics)
SPIDCBENKO, K. 1.
OTowns of the Kuznets Coal Field (Geographical and Sconomical Oatline),' Geografgiz,
Moscow, 1947-
DFkSHPAIMS, S.D.; TZLISHEV, A.A. [translator]; GOSPODINDV, G.V. [translator] ;
FEDMNKO, M.K., redaktor; DIYAKOV, A.M., redalictor; RTABCHIKOV, A.M.,
redaktor; DUNIN. M.S., redaktor; LEMEY, V.D.. redaktor; 9 904
NO N
X.I... rpdaktor; GMUSIMOVA, Ye.S., tekhnicheskiy redaktor~_-_
[Western India; a regional geography. Abridged translation from the
Jhglish] Zapadnaia ludita; geograficheakii obzor. Sokrashcheanyi
perevod a angliiskogo A.A.Veltzheva i G.Y.Gospodiaova. Pad red. M.K.
Fedorenko. Moskva. Izd-vo inostrannol lit-r7. 1956. 261 p. (HIMA 9-11)
(India--Physical geography)
L
KRIVTSOV, S.; SIXPYAN, S.; SPIDGIMIM, K.; SUKHDPARA, F.
m2conomic geography of tho U.S.S.R." Book reviewed by C.Xrivtsov and
others. IzY.All SSSR Ser.geogenool:146-149 Ja-F 156. (MIRA 9:7)
(Geographjr, Economic)
XISTANOV, T.V.,, KRIVTSOV. S.G.; SPIDGEENKO, K.I~; SUKHOPARA, F.K.
"Heonomic geogrkphy of the Soviet Union: Russian Sorlat Yederative
Socialist Republic." Reviewed by T.V. Kistanov and others. Izv. AN
SSSR. Ser. geog. no.4:128-132 JI-Ag '57. (KRA 11:1)
(Geography, 3conomic)
SPIDIN, V.P.; SIDOROV., N.N.; KOSTANDOV, A.I., red.izd-val-
CHERKASSKAYA, F.T., tekhn.red.
[Study of soil subject to triaxial pressure] Issledovanie
gruntov v usloviiakh trekhosnogo szhatiia. Leningrad, Gos-
strolizdat, 1963. 89 p. (NEIRA 16:7)
(Soil mechanics)
CZMHOSLOVAKIA / Chemical Technology. Chemical Products and Their
Application. (Part 1) Safety Technique. Sanitary
Engineering.
Abs jour : Ref Zhur KhimiYa, No 10, 1959, No 35406
Author : Spidla'? Blazej
Inst 11-75r~
o g ven~~
Title Protection of Health in Work vith Phenolformaldehyde
Glues in The Woodworking Industry
Orig Pub Drero, 1958, 13.1 NO 81 24o-243
Abstract The requirements for the protection of health inworking
with "umatsol B"J, phenol-resorcin-formaldehyde glue
FR - 3, tricresol glue TF - 35, phenolic resol B 1,
1,5 and other phenolformaldehyde glues are specified
as follaws: isolation of places where glues are prepared,
from other working areas, auction of vapors and dust at
the places where they are formed, use of protective
Cari 1/2
SPr)LI, J.; Ti'i',TA,3FKj T.
Combusting and distilling apparatus for the determination of nitrogen. p. 183.
KRIDLA VIASTI. (Svaz pro spolupraci s armadou)
Praha, Czechoslovakia
Vol. 5, no. 8, Aug. 19594
Monthly List of East European Accessions (EFAI), LC, Vol. 8, no. 11.
Nov. 1959
Uncl.
PjUISVII, Xarlo, Doc.dr; PASIIII, Dinko, dr.; SPIDLA, M. dr.
Chronic abdominal syndrome caused by lambliasis. 1-ted.glasn.
9 no.5:171-174 May '55.
1. Klinika za djecje bolesti Medicinskog fakulteta u Zagrebu
(predstojnik profi dr N. Skrivaneli)
.(GIARDIASIS. compl.
.chronic abdom.synd. in child, diag. & ther. (Ser))
(ABDOMEN, dis.
recur. abdom. cramp caused by giardiasis. in child,
diag & ther. (Ser))
iPITAMIC, T., doe. dr.1 GRGIC,M., dr.; SPIDLA,N., dr.
Wimentation oterythrocytes In the treatment of rheumatic fever.
Reumatissm 12 no.le7-U 165
1, Klinika za djecje boleati Sklata Medicinakog fakulteta u
Zkgrebu.
SPIECHMICZ, Eugeniusz,
Immediate vrosthesis in the light of the literature. Czas. stommat.
18 no.3:287,)95 Mr 165.
1. Z Kliniki Protetyki Stomatologicznej Akademii Medyemej
w Warszawie (Kierownik: prof. dr. J. Calasinska-Landsbergerowa).
ST"CRICHOITICZ, E'-igeniusz
obcsnrati=3 or inmiediato prnsthw3ln wLth presonUxtion
of an originall met-hod of management. Czaa. storiat. 18 no-4.'
415-424 Ap'65-
1. Z M"liTliki Protellyki Stomatclogic-mej Al.-aderai-I IVIPdyczrej
w Wars-za-vie (Kierownik: Drof. dr. J. Galasinska-T.Bandslberge-
rcnwra) .
LUgE!n W.9z
-its of i, nediate prosthetic treaurent. Czas. st(mat.
,.emote resu-
18 no.10:1225-1230 0 165.
Z Klirdki Protetykl Stomatologicmej AM w Warnawie (Kierownik:
proi. dr. j. Galasinska-Landsbergerowa).
SHEGHt"fiviiCZ, EugeniuBz; BOBROWSYf, Antoni
Frooltodontic and surgical procedu-res for limedlate prostheg,.E.
Czao- -ztomat- 18 no- 12:1395-1399 D 1 65.
1. Z Kliniki Protetyki Stomatologic=ej MI v Whr6ziftie (Ki6rov-
k: prof. dr. J. Galusinoka-landsbergerowa) 1. z KlJnJki
Chir-urgil Stomatologicznej AM w Warszavie (KIerownik.- prof. dr.
M. Gorskl.).
6. Alheelogical study on hill 11-f"Gleculaf -materials. Ill.
In German) Z. C a d r 6 s - bl. G Lrgoj
_LmA&n, L
C z V. V. S Vk f e S e 1. iodic-a =oy echnica, ChemT--,
,
yva. 1, ,~, No. Pip. 4 18 21, 2 tabs.
cat C591
The molecular- Weight of vethN 41en-.was* deter-
t
d
i
i
j
i
no -
.
e
ract
ona
scosity of no
~
nihicd by viscosimetry. The v
polyethylene samples o( known molecular. weight was
measured In liquid paraffin at 85 and 140*C. The values
of If and a were obtained bX compensating computation
from the limiting miscosity (;I] = K -All. the' value of
which again was obtained by compensati computation.
0
4
C. 2.8911. 107
The results are the following 85
,
a 0.7762 ; at 140T 2-711t). NO a k- 0. 5103. The
following relatioushlo were found betimn the IlWtlng
*
-4
-
[oi] - 2.808.10
viscosity and molecular Weight: 85
MO-7703
140* fill - 2366 - ws - Mei*"~*.
4 i
7
511. studies an the rheology W macromotecular nialatials,
Determin,tIon of the molecular weight of polyethylene by a
Viscosimettle method. Z. C A 0 r 0 s. 1. ij'r it is z-
it ti 11, V. 8 it 1, _~I. Alittlyor W j4)i diritt, u. 114,
The vDicusitios of polyothylollo samplod
ot ktiowij inclectilar waightwaro nwasurod its parafths oil
itt, 85 mW 1400C.- Tito limiting visenaiW values were obtainotl
by ecnipengating calculation and.trom th ' also ilia k 11to(I
PRO
a vnWea of the fill = kAfa, equation were darivail by this
method. The rallowing correlations wore found baiwoon the
limiting viocasity and molecular wcight~
at 2.898 10-1 - At' 1,1142,
Jnj
S/19 61100310 0110191020
B1 19YB216
-AUTHORS: Hardy, D., Spiegel, V,., Nytrai, K.,
TITLE: Synthesis and polymerization kinetics of the complex vinyl
ester of salicylic acid
PERIODICALs Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, v. 3, no. 1,1961, 144-149
TEXT: Vinyl salicylate (VS) is of interest as initial material for polymers
inasmuch as it possesses both an OH group capable, under certain conditions,
of entering into polymeranalogous reaction and a mobile H atom which may
possibly intensify the polymerization reaction. In contrast to other
authors who obtained 2-methyl-4-keto-1,3-benzodioxane on transesterification
of vinyl acetate and salicylic a6id,,the authors of the present paper
obtained VS in 10.4% yield by reducing the reaction time (from 36 to 3-5 hr)
and lowering the reaction temperature (to 73-820C). The data of VS aret
boiling point 1250C at 3 mm Hg; nonfreezable in an acetone --dry ice mixture;
molecular weight 176 (determined.cryoscopicall in benzene, theoretical
molecular weight 164); MR- 42.96 (theorY 42.87~. Further evidence of the
D
Card 1/3
S11901611003100110191020
Synthesis and polymerization... Blig/B216
CH 2 =CH CH2 = CH CH2 CH
0 - CO 0 - CO CO
6_0*+ OH O-CH 2-CH'
0 CO
I - OH.
0
The overall activation energy, E, of the polymerization reaction is
2'7.7 kcal/mol. The authors thank D. Varsanyi and S. Golli for their co-
operation (infrared spectra). The study presented is a part of the work
for a diploma by the second author, April 1956, at the Department of the
Technology of Plastics and Rubbers of the Budapest Polytechnic Institute.
There are 6 figures, 2 tables, and 11 non-Soviet~bloc references.
ASSOCIATION: Research Institute of Organic- and Plastics Industry, Budapest
SUBMITTED: September 14, 1960
Card 3/3
EXCERPTA YTDICA Soo 11 Vol 9/4 O.R.L. Apr 56
6T4. _SOFGEL1%1tk, 1-1. Klin. Clitr.Stomatol. , A. N1., Wroclaw, aslirodawcza-
kowatoga-jarnyiistnej. Papillomatosis of the oral v It y tZAS.
STONLIT. 1955, 8,15(185-192)lllus. 9
The aetiology and pathological anatomy of oral papillemata are discussed. Seven
c-3ses, all of rural environment, are presented, four of them belonging to one
family. Virus Infection, congenital disposition, excessive use of alcohol and
smoking are mentioned as possible causes of oral paoillomata.
Prujansky Tel-Aviv(XI, 5. 16)
1. A Kliniki Chirurgii,Stomatologicznej A.M. we WrOClaWiU.
Croclaw, ul. Praftyriskiego 41 m.9.
(MOUTIr,ndoiblasms
papilloma, etj-ol. & surg.)
(Papilloma,
mouth, etiol. surg.)
other kinds of mterials used in building. In modern &r-
chitecture extensive use is niade of glass because of its
transparency, sound- and heat-insulating properties,
Card 1/2
Sanitary and bact-eriologic investigation of sea mater and mnd on the
ahoref; of Odesim. Gig. saW,,.j hoskim 110. 7, JUl.V 50. P- 39-443.
la Of the UkmLnian Scientific-Reamrch Institute of Health-Resort
Therap.7 and Balmoothem, py.
CUM 19, 5, Nov., 1W
Iosif, Professor.
Institute of Medicine and k1harmacyl Tirgru -ures (I.M.F. To. !jures)
Bucharest Viata ?Jedicala No 15, 1 Auf,- 63, pp 1065-1069
t"Social:' st Humanism in Medicine.it (Paper presented at the xvjjj
International Congress on the Hist~ry of Medicine -17 to 24
August 1962 held at Viarsaw and Cracow.)
-SPIEWANNi J.---,
Gheorghe Marinescu. Orv. heetil. 104 no.14:652-655 7 Ap 163.
(BIOGlW- HIES) (HISTORY OF IEDICIINE, XX CENT)
(NEUROLOGY)
NNW
SPEE114ANN, J.; HUTTLIVII, A.
A -socialist physician-poet: Friedrich, Y-rasser. O_rv. hetil. 106
no.46:2189-2195 14 N 165.
SPIE16. F. W.. D. Sc.
Measurement of radiation dosage to gonads In medicine; preliminary report
on the consequences of research in the United Kingdom. Cesk. rentg. 12
no.4:233-236 Dee 58.
1. Ustav pro lekarskou fyziku university LeedBU (Anglie Z anglickeho
originalu. prelozil dr. Jaromir Kolar, radiologicka klinika. Praha.
(GONADS, eff. of radiations on
x-rays. don. determ. in diag. radiogra-ohy (Cz))
(-ROENTGEN RVS, eff.
on gonads, dos. determ. in diag. radiography (Cz))
SPIESS K
The influence of additional tanning, vegetable tanning, with
alumimim salts, on increased utility value. Przegl skorzany
17 no.1:14-16 Ja 162.
1. Poludniowe Zaklady Skorzane,, Chelmek.
MA
84n.5
Z/017/60/049/011/008/013
Z1300 00ar, E073/E535
V
AUTHORS: Tisa, Gustav, Engineer, Spiess, Petr, Engineer,
11 ,e,
Sebek, 8vatopluk, Engineer, Venclerova , Vera., Engineer
and Vinopal, Jaromi er, Engineer Doctor
TITLE- New Knowledge Gained in the Development f th
Technology of Germanium and Silicon Rectifier lements
PERIODICAL:Elektrotechniclc'y obzor, 1960, Vol.49,No-ll,Pp~579-583
TEXT: In addition -to reviewing world trends in semiconductor
development, the authors deal briefly with,results of development
work,in the Semiconductor Laboratories of CKD, Prague. The
problem of dislocations in germanium has been dealt with extensive-
ly in Czech as well as in foreign literature (Refs. 3,4,5).
Therefore, the authors deal only briefly with the results of
extensive experiments, the aim of which was to determine the
influence of the absolute number of dislocations on the quality
of the P-N junctions and the influence of accumulation of
dislocations and of microscopically visible disturbances caused
by accumulation of dislocations within a small volume. A more
detailed treatment of these is given in a paper by B~rger and
Card 1/6
84115
Z/017/6o/o49/011/008/013
E073/E535
New Knowledge Gained in the Development of the Technology of
Germanium and Silicon Rectifier Elements
Sebek which is in the process of publications In the experiments
three germanium single crystals have been used which have a
satisfactory specific resistance and a lifetime of the minority
carriers. All these three crystals contained in some spots very
pronounced grouping of dislocations in the form of lines and
stripes. All the cut plates were etched in order to make the
dislocations visible. The locations of the disturbances were
marked in detail. In order to be able to make a good comparison,,
test discs of 12 mm diameter were cut from these specimens,
These could be sub-divided into three groups,,
a) Plates from locations which did not contain accumulations of
dislocations but only uniformly distributed dislocations-3-
b) Plates from locations that contained slight accumulations of
dislocations in the nature of stripes~
0 Plates from locations that contained considerable line
dislocations formed by a large quantity of dislocations. A total
of about 150 such plates were investigated which originated
Card 2/6
84U5
Z/017/60/0 49/011/008/013
E073/E535
New Knowledge Gained in the Development of the Technology of
Germanium and Silicon Rectifier Elements
from three germanium crystals. The characteristics of the three
types of discs are reproduced in Fig.1 and it can be seen that
the diode of the group (c) reaches only about 40% of the voltage
of the diodes of group (a). All the results obtained for the
three groups of diodes were used for plotting average value
curves. These are similar to the curves in Fig.2. The
characteristics of diodes from group (b) were below those of
group (a) and on -the average were nearer to those of group (c),
The experiments have shown the quality of the P-N transitions
is decisively influenced by the poorest transition spot, i.e, by
the spot that contains a high accumulation of dislocations and
it is this spot which determines the properties of the P-N
junction. In studying the inverse voltages.of diodes,
investigations were made on materials with various.average
numbers of dislocations between zero And several tens of
thousands per cm2. As a result', the dependence was determined
of the inverse voltage of junction rectifiers on the number of
Card 3/6
8"
Z/017/60/049/011/008/013
E073/E535
New Knowledge Gained in the Development of the Technology of
Germanium and Silicon Rectifier Elements
dislocations, provided that the dislocations are uniformly
distributed 40 without considerable accumulations of stripes or
lines. It was found that within wide limits this dependence
is not greatly affected by the absolute number of dislocations,
provided that these are uniformly diotributed. Only-in the case
of high densities, i.e. above 2 x 101/cmz, will ther .e be a
considerable drop of the average voltage of the diodes. The
P-N transitions uf germanium were first etched electrolytically
by means of a hydrofluoric acid and then were etched.again with
a mixture, the main component of which was hydrogen peroxide
with additions of nitric, acetic and hydrofluoric acid. The
effect of this new etching mixture was tested on a large number
of diodes. The inverse voltage improved considerably, on the
average by 100 V~ as also did the inverse current (Table 1 and
Fig.2). However, the surface of the diode is much more ~ ~
sensitive to the atmosphere and it was necessary to develop a
new method of protecting the junctions. For this purpose silicon
Card 4/6
84n5
Z/Ol7/6o/c49/oll/oo8/ol3
E073/E535
New Knowledge Gained in the Development of the Technology of
Germanium and Silicon RectIfier Elements-
varnishes and silicon vaseline were used but these did not prove
satisfactory. Subsequently, polymer type synthetic materials were
used for this purpose and the characteristics of a diode after
etching with hydrofluoric acid, the above mentioned etching
mixture and protection by embedding in a synthetic material, are.
plotted in Fig-3- For the manufacture of silicon P-N junctions
-with inverse voltages exceeding 1000 V it is advisable to use
silicon with a specific resistance of 100 to 300 Ohm cm and a
minimum lifetime of the minority carriers of 200 to 300 -psec with
a homogeneous crystal lattice and without internal stresses and
undesirable disturbances. Several methods of etching of silicon
plates in etching agents of various compositions were tested.
The speed and the depth of etching increases with the concentra-
tion of the etching agent and with temperature. The decrease in X
the thickness as a function of the etching time in various etching V
agents is2plotted in Fig.4. For 150 A rectifiers, a junction area,
of 200 mm. was chosen in order to obtain longer service life,
better heat removal and to avoid excessive over-loading when the
Card 5/6
Z/017,/62/051/005/001/002
3 D291/D303
AUTHORS: VendlerovA, Vbrao and Spiess, Petr, Engineers
TITLE: Surface protection of semiabnductor elements alid its
influence on electric parameters
PERIODICAL: Blektrotechnickk' obzorp ve 51p noo 5, 1962, 232-233
TEXT: The use of polyethylene and polypropylene for surface protee
tion to increase the electric stability of germanium and silicon
power diodes is briefly described. As a result of several surface-
protection testsp the following method has been established: The
diodes are etched by the conventional method, rinsed, and dried at
1000C. Subsequently, a plastic-material annulus is applied to the
0-
diode with slight pressure at elevated temperaturep so that it c
vers the edges of the p-n junction and the bare semiconductor ma-
terial. For germanium power diodesp the protective annulus is stam:-'~"
ped from 1 mm thick high-pressure polyethylene which has a melting
point of 101 1150C and a dielectric constant of 2,4; for silicon.
power diodes, the annulus is stamped from 0.8 mm thick polypropyle"
Card 1/2
F.
"Using the epidiascope for triining miners and for popularizing the rules of Industrial
safety in m'nes." (p.18) WIADOMOSCI GORNICZE (Panstwowe Wydawnictwa Technicze) Katowice.
Vol 4, No 1, Jan. 1953
SO: EAST European Accessions List Vol 4, No 8, Aug. 1954.
707 41
L~ stern Li S t) 7~:~Ol 1, Ni 10, Oct Llb. of C-:-trreos
-Ccl~sslo!ls
"Sorae directives Ilor s-)c-..,ll labor insnectors in bitwainous coal mines."
liiadomosci Gornicze, Katol."ce, 'Vol 4, "o 11, 111'ar. 1955-3 p 07
6'0 -. Eastern -urou-ean ~ccassions List, Vol 3, No 10, Oct 1,)54, Lib. of Congress
SPIEWAK, F
"DangeroLs short circuits in mines."p. 106 (Wiadomosei Gornicze, Vol. 4, No. 4, Apr. 1953,
. Katowice)
SO; Monthly List of East European Accessions, Library of Congress, ~01. 3. No. 6, June,
1954, Uncl.
SPIEWAK, F.
"Watch the Chain of a Coal Cutter!" p. 151 (WiAmompeci Gornicze, Vol. 4, No. 59
Wy, 1953., Katowice)
SO: . Monthl UA& 9f EMS Zur=2an Aggessicng, Vol. 3p No. 2, Library of. Congress,,
February, 1954, Uncl.
SPIEWAX, F.
"Controlling or Blasting" p. 175 (MjAAg2qUj Gorniese, Vol. L, No. 6, June, 1953,
Katowice)
ISO: Monthly Lj&t 9L East Europeala Accesgions, Vol. 3, No. 2, Library of Congress,
February, 1954, Uncl.
SPIEWAK, F.
"Safety of Mechan12ed Underground Transportation" p. 208
(Wiasomosei Gornicze, Vol. 4, No. 7/8, July/Aug., 1953, Katoirice)
SO: MonthlX List of East E-arolpean Accesidons, Vol. 3, No. 2, Library of Congress,
February, 1954, Uncl.
SPIEWAK, F.
"The Builders of the Zieiaowit Mine" P. 248 (Wiasomosel Gormleze, Vol. 4, No. 90
Sept., 1953, Katowice)
SO: Monthl LW S& _EAd, EuroRIM Accepolons, Vol. 3, No. 2, Library of Congressq
February, 1954, Unal.
SPIEWAK. F.
"Some ideas on improviA- the work of blasting", p. 326 (Wiadomosci Gornicze. Vol. 4,
Do. 11. Nov. 1953, Katowice)
SO: Month L Vol. 3, No- 3
JAI 2L FEW &rope Accessions./library of Congress, March 1954, Unal.
spj54kK% F%
-)f* ~ terials. 11
1.11c, Ec-.)n-);-l Cal US~~ ~ )-', P. 103
"Learni-E~7, , A ~ ...a
%dadomosci. Gorndcze' Katowice, I.Tol- r,, to 4, A,-r.
Q-.: 3, "o 10, C-cu -954, uib. of C3nrress
Eas~ern Ei;rope-n '.ccessions List, -
SPIEMAK) F.
"Surveying the movement of a mine roof", p. 152, (WIADOMj)SCI G)RNICZE.,
Vol. 5, No. 5, May 1954, Katowice, Foland)
SO: Monthly List of Eaqt Accessions, (EEAL), W, Vol . 4, No. 5, May
1955, Uncl.
UMIAK, F.
Scientific-technical convention of Polish miners, p. 164. (I-MIDOEOSCI
GORDICZE, Vol. 5, iio. 6, June 195L~, Katowice, Poland)
SO: 1--bntlily List of East Eurolm.,an Accessions, (EFRAL), LC, Vol. 3, Do. 12, Dec.
1954, Uncl.
SPIEWAK, Florian
Basic psychological, physiological, and sociological problemB
of mining. Wiadom gorn 11 no. 4:137-138 Ap 160.
SPIEWAK) Florian
Skillful management of people. Wiadom gorn 12 no. 5:176-178
My 160.
SPIEWAK, Florian
intelligence of the miner, its influence on labor efficiency
and the life conditions of the occupation. Wiadom gorn 1.1
no- 9:328-331 S 160.
SPIEWAR, Florian
Courage as a factor in ~~e miner's personality. Wiadom gorn
-12 no.-l,/2-:40-" JA-F 161,
SPIEWAK,, F-1,oian
...............
nt.e'rprise,,. P-,~. -"-. Wiadom g ) =,6.202--205
Man in the e :L
Je '-61,
'.A
- t
, Z
I
.1 .11, . ' ' n the enterprise. Pt. 2. Wiadom gorn 12 no.7/80
11 '1 211264 XI.-Ag ;6l.
I
41
SPIEWAK, Floria-u
Program of studies on man in mining. Wisdom gorn 12 no.3:
90-91 Mr 161,
SPIEWAK, Florian, dr
Labor mechanization and its influence on industrial safety.
Wiadom gorn 15 no. 4:140-141 Ap 164.
SPIEWAK, Florian., dr.; KRAUS, Gabriel, mgr.; KARMANSKI, Henryk, mgr.; GREGOROWIGZ,
Stanislaw
Struettwe of the working crew of the 1 Maja coal mine of the Rybn:Lk
Coal District, Glow Inst gorn prace no.343/351:119-139 '(4.
1. Central Mining Institute, Katowice,
SPIRWAKOWSKI, T.
Reaction of the meninges to spinal puncture. Neurologia &c. polska
3 UO-2:157-160 Mar-Apr 1953... (CIAL 24:5)
1. Of the Neurological Clinic (Head--Prof. Z. Kajewska, M. D.) of
Gdansk Medical AcadenW.
SFIE`-,IAKO143KI, Id.
A new sma2l litpr aapacity car of Dutch production, DAF - 6,00.
Przeg) techn 31 no.1:17-18,160.
SPIEWAKOWSKI, W Lnz.
- - I ~ '--,
The cooling laboratory of the polytechnical college in Delft.
Przegl techn n0-14:11 Ap 162.
1. Foaltechnik, Delft.
I SPIEWAKOWSKI, W... inz.
Development and modernization of the Technical College in
Delft, Holland. IIrzegl techn no-500 14 D 160. .I
1. Folitechnika, Delft.
M
SPIEWAKOWSKI,, Idinoenty
Two new tunnels in Amsterdam. Przegi techn 84 no,27s7 7 Tl 163o
Stanislaw (Warozown Czernlowii-ka 14 zin. 1.
Wfg-eir", 'fi,inbulatory usp. of tnipsin. Polski tygod. lek. 13
no-36:11408
1411 8 Sept 58.
1. Z III Kliniki Ghirurgicznej A. M. w Warazawie; kierownik. doe. dr Jan
Ruezynski.
(THYPSIN, ther. use
ambulatory use (Fol))
-SPIEWANKIEWICZ, Stanislaw
Treatment of cerebral concussions with atropine. Polaki tygod.
lek. 16 no.19:727-729 8 My 161.
1. Z III Kliniki Chirurgicznej A.M. v Warszawie; kierownik Kliniki:
prof. dr Jan Racirynaki.
(BRAIN wde & inj) (ATROPINE ther)
W%: I Ux%16 --lm -a-MWI-r- -ruom -on-- ovara- s nxp-j--nav-Ln--onxy
ceiling, "uninterruptedly all day from 7 in the morning till 1 after
midnight". All recovered. Preventive measures are outlined. Case
report, 3 chest x-rays; 5 German, 1 Soviet and 8 Yugoslav refesences.
GALKIN, G.V.; GRANOVSKAYA, A.Yu.; MAKIIETSU, Ye.N.; SPIGLAZOV,
-Ye.F.; RYAZANKIN, V.N., red.; MAKAROV, MI.S., r6d.--'.
[Punched-card cora-liting machj.-- F80-5, 1*n-6, PA80m;.2
perforators, K80-6, -:45-6, KA804.~controllers, and S80-5,
S45-5, S80-5M, 945-jM sorting units] Schetno-perforatsion-
riye mashigf; perforatory P80-5, P80-6, PA80-2, kontrollniki
K80-61 K45-6, KA80-2 i sortirovk! S80-5, S45-5, S80-5Mp
S45-5M. Moskva, Statistika, 1965. 207 p. (MIRA 18:9)
US,"jR Farm Animls. Roindour. Q-3
Abs Tour: Rof Zhur-Diol., No 23, 1958, 105737.
Author i
gul. E. M,,-
Inst ciontific Rosiarch Instttuto of Agriculturo.of
tho I-Extromo North.
Titlo Nutritivo Valuo of the Briquottad Horso Food
Coabination No 36 for Roindocr.
Orig Pub: Tr. Y.-i. in-ta s. kh. Kraynogo Scvora, 19569
2$ 59-72.
Abstract: A food combination of th- folloyling com-~)osition
was tostod: 40% of hay, 30% of oats, l5fa of
bran, 15fo of oileake, �jo of othor conc6ntratos,
11" of salt, in difforont coi-ibinations with rein-
door moss. Dotorminod wero: consumability
digo-stibility, and balanco of nitrogon, calcium
Card 1/2
USSR Farm lizimals. RQiftdc~jki Q-3
.~.bs Jour: Rof Zhur-Biol., No 23, 1956, 105736.
kuthor : Spigu-l- E. H.
Inst : TE~!~;~cs care h Instituto of A-.griculturo of
tho Foxtrome Vorth.
Titlo :Exp,~;rioncc in th-- Hanagomont of Tundra Raindoor
in tho Forost Zono.
Orig Pub: Byul. nauchno-tokhn inform. N.-i. in-t s. kh.
Krayn. Sovora, 1957, No 2, 6-7.
'l, bstract: No abstract.
MUZYGIMTKO, Nina Mikhaylovna; YURKEVICH, Tatlyana Yakovlevna; BAKIROV,
A.A., prof., glav.red.; RYABUKHIN, G.Ye., prof., red.;
USPENSKAYA, N.Yu.,,prof.,,red.; ZHDANOV,M.A., prof., red.;
DOLITSKIY, V.A., dots., red.; SPIKHINA, A.M., kand. geol. nauk,
red.; YUDIN, G.T., kand. geol.-min.'nauk-red.; TABASARANSKIY,
Z.A.,, dots., Fed.; BAKIROV, E.A., dots., red.; BYKOV, R.I.,
dots., red.; FONKIN, K.V., kand. geol.-min. nauk, red.; KNYAZEV,
V.S., dots., red.; SHIROKOV, V.Ya., st. nauchn. sotr., red.;
YUNGAS, S.M., ved. red.; NEVELISHTEYN, V.I., ved. red.
[Geological conditions and fundament 'al characteristics of oil
and gas accumulations in the limits of the Epi-Hercynian platform
in the south of the U.S.S.R.) Geologicheskie usloviia. i oanovrqe
zakonomernosti razmeshcheniia skoplenii nefti i gaza v predelakh
epigertsinskoi platformy iuga SSSR. Pod red. A.A.Bakirova. Mo-
skva, Gostoptekhizdat. Vol.l. [Central Asia) Sredniaia Aziia.
1963. 442 p. Vol-3. (Volga Valley portion of Saratov and
Volgograd Provinces) Saratovsko-Volgogradskoe Povolzhie. 1963.
153 P. (MIRA 17:4)
1. Moscow. Institut neftekhimicheskoy i gazovoy promyshlennosti.
DEMIDENKO, Yu.B.; MANYUTA, M.G.; LYSENKO, V.A.; SPIKHINA, L.M.
Results of seismic studies of the internal structure of the
earth's crust within the eastern Ukraine. Geofiz. sbor. no. 5:
107-114 163. (MIRA 17:5)
1. Kiyevskaya geofizicheskaya razvedochnaya ekspeditsiya.
SPIKHNUL-INA. Z.I., rabotnik laboratorii zavoda; KMOVA, Yu.N., rabotnik
zaveda.
State inspection of instruments and their repair. Zav.lab.22 n9.4:
507 256. (Instruments) (MIRA 9:7)
ACC NR: AT7004017 (IV) 'SOURCE-66D --Uii3239/66/000/002/0107/0112
AUTHOR: Spikhtarenko, V. N.
oRG: None
TITLE: Calculation of rigid rectangular plates lying on a discontinuous elastic
base
SOUKE: Nikolayev. Korablestroitellnyy institut. Sudostroyeniye i morskiye
sooruzheniya, no. 2, 1966. Sudoetroyeniye (Shipbuilding), 107-112
TOPIC TAGS: stress distribution, shipbuilding, bending stress
,ABSTRACT: The author considers the problem of stresses
acting on the bottom plates of a ship's hull during 4-
launching and in dry dock where the supporting base is
'discontinuous. The Ritz energy method is used for
solving the problem which is formulated as follows. I
M-11
It is assumed that a plate is freely supported at four FBI
2
edges on a rigid supportIng contour and is forced into.
~an elastic base by a load distributed over the contour.
This base has a given rigidity with uniform gaps in
,'the direction of the long side of thi~,,plate (see
Card 1/2
ACC NRt AT70011017
fAure) and is made from wooden beams of standard cross section (3Ox3O cm2 or 25x25
,cm. ). It is found that the bending elements of the plate in the case of a discontin-
i,uous base are somewhat higher than the corresponding values for an~ unbroken elastic
;,base with identical loading and rigidity factor. Orig. art. has: 2 ftures, 2T
Iformulas.
!SUB CODE: 13/ SUBM DATE: -None/ ORIG REF: 002
Card 2/2
ACC NR: AT700hOl8 -SOURCE CODE-:-,--U-R-/,3"2-39-/-66"/*o-oo--/-0,0,2-/"OI,13/0-118,
:AUT11OR: Kochanov, Yu. P.; Spikhtarenko, V. N.
ORG: None
ITITLE: On the strength of bottom plates during launching of ships
,SOURCE: Nikolayev. KorablestroitelInyy institut. Sudostroyeniye i morskiye
;sooruzheniya, no. 2, 1966. Sudostroyeniye (Shipbuilding), 1,13-118
TOPIC TAGS: shipbuilding engineering, yield stress, compressive stress, plastic
deformation
!ABSTRACT: The authors consider the problem of the strength of bottom plates during
Ilaunching of ships from a longitudinal slip on ground ways with discontinuous wooden
Isliding ways. Expressions are derived for determining the compressive stresses in thel
!slidirig ways resulting in stresses equal to the yield stress of the material for the
:bottom plates. It is shown that compressive stresses of 10-12 kg/cm2, which are
javerage for sliding ways made from beams with a cross section of 25x25 cm, produce no
plastic deformations in plates with a yield stress of 4000 kg/CM2 and a thickness
igreater than 10-12 mm, However, thin plates may be subject to plastic deformations
!since compressive stresses in the sliding ways may exceed 10-12 kg/cm2 during trans
ifer of the ship from the building vaqs.to the launching ways as well as in the secondi
1period of the launching operation. Plhtea thicker than 22,mm show no plastic deform&-!
Card 1/2
Card
Q_
SPIKHTARE14KO, V. N. Cand Tech Sci -- "Strngth of bottom plates in the launching
h
and docking of ships." Nikolayev-Kiev, 1961 (Acad Sci UkSSR. Inst of Mechanics)
(KL, 4-61, 200)
.:.-, i9
_W_
AMURSKIY, G.I.; GABRIELYANTS, G.A.;- DIKENSHTM, G.Kh.; ISHUTIN, V.V.1
SPIKIN, V.A.
Marginal flexural-fault zone of the central Kara Kum arched
uplift. BIu1.MOIP.Otd.geol. 37 no.5:132-134 S-0 162.
(MIRA 15:12)
(Kara-Kum-Faults (Geology))
ACC NRi AP6036957
SOURCE CODES UR/0181/66/008/011/3201/3203'
AUTHORS Sidlyarenko, V. I.; SpWn!,.Ve-2*-'-
~ORG .(Oshokly gosudarstvennyy pedagogicheskiy insti.-
jf~fiOsh State Pedagogical Institute
enee of dislocations on
-TIT t Microspectrophotometric study of the influ the stabil-
..i~y of F color centers in.NaCl-base phosphor crystal's
SOURCEs Fizika tverdogo telay v. 8, no. 11, 1966, 3201-3203
TOPIC TAGS1 crystal phosphor, sodium chloride, color center, crystal dislocation
ABSTRACT: A microspectrophotometric method was used to study the effect of disloca-
tions an the stability of F-centers on topographically different domains of an MCI
single crystal containing 0.2 mole % Ag. The method made It possible to corral 'ate the
dislocation density with the thermal destruction of color centers on microscopic areas
with 11 10-2 cm. It was found that in domains with a higher dislocation density the.
F-centers have a greator thermal stability. The results confirm the ionic mechanism
of thermal destruction of color centers in alkali halide crystals. The data also in--
dicate that in addition to dislocations, other structural imperfections can also act
as ionic trapping centers. In conclusion, authors are deeply grateful to Yu. L.
LAantsev and F. N.-Zaitov for their constant interest in this work and useful remarks
r-4 1 /2