SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT SPIRIN, K.F. - SPIRINA, I.F.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001652710017-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2000
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SFIRINJ K.
"Physiolo_gical Reasons for the Time of Mating of Sows." Cand 3iol Sci, Poltava
Sci Res Inst of Swine Breeding, 11in Agriculture and Procurement, Odessa, 1953. (KLI
No 16, Apr 55)
SO: Sun. No. 704, 2 Nov 55 - Survey of Scientific and Technical Dissertations Defended
at USSR Higher Educational Institutions (16).

USSR / Farm Anima is - Swine.
Abe jour I Rof Zhur - Bioioglya~ No 5, 1959, No. 21270
Author Spirin,, K. T.; Kusnetsov, S. Ya.
Imt :-* ~g~e~n
Title Using Raw and Cooked Potatoes in the Fattening of Pigs
Orig Pub Sots. tvarinnitstvo, 1958, No 2, 15-16
Abstract The control group obtained cooked meshed potatoes
in a mixture with barley waste, the experimental group,
raw potatoes reduced to fragments in a grinder, also
mixed with barley waste and thickly mixed with water.
All nursing piglets were additionally given corn-cobs
and soured milk. In the course of the entire experi-
ment the control group consumed its ration completely,
in the experimental group raw potatoes were left over
every day averaging 0.8 kg per animal (it consumed 1.8
kg instead of 2.6 kg). On the average the control group
Card 1/2
68

K_ J P-1
U&N/ram
Ab. qOf Zbw 91-l-, No 18, 1958, 83"
Author z Ocrts, I.L., Dryashinia, I.Q., KDvalecko, N.A., mazar-Dko,
V.A., Pocharnwayown, G.H., Spirin, N.Y.
Title Corn waste .8 Valuable Mno Fodder.
Ong M Svinoftdstva, No L2, 33-kh
Abstract t Men corn wasto (cw) woo fed to adult prewwt and nursing
am* in proportions rcocAtInC; 23-25 ona ki.45 percent or
fodder rations, neaottm efrecte in tartso or the s2vol for.
tility am am productl'ity, or to Urns of PIGI.t do".
lopnent wre not obacrood. It was determined that C1 MY
bo fed to suckling VIClats a~ &dditional fodder, and to
vemnod piglets as bas lc o&tor to food nixtures. When
miaLnG pure-bred sove to mtlnG ages It to possible to
-pl.. Spain read. by CU, Uniting it to 6o yereent or
the foods' nutritional. values. As wine which
awd 1/2
fattened far ant and lard production were fed with 35-70
pcment of Wo hartWul effects vers not encountered pro-
vidod that 10 percent of protain and 15-20 percent of
Crca'n foOA&r were Included Late the rutlons. Costs at
votd~t anim ware 14.36 poreent lower then whan trI.Y,
-to, or aftent met* verc usze for fo~dLnM. DiLp.tl:~W-
ty coefficients or retions coutalaing 70 percent at ev
vera hL&bw then vbw retlons vlUwut CM were used for
anicals of all so Groups. -- A.D. Nola
f.4m pip

SMOLYAREA0, Daniil Abramovich; UFANOV, Hikolay Ivanovich; MASLOVSKIY,
P.M., retsenzent; BORODULIN, A.I., retsenzent; GONCHAROV, G.I.,
retsenzent; ~WIRIN_, N.Iretsenzent; KCROLBV, M.N., nauchnn red.;
ZINGER, S.L., red.izd-va; KARASRV, A.I., tekhn.red.
[Large-capacity open-hearth furnace plants] Martenovskie taekhi
a pechami bol'shoi emkosti. Izd.2., perer. i dop. Koskva. Goa.
nauchno-takhn.i2d-vo lit-ry po chernoi i tavetnoi metallurgii,
196o. 356 n. (MIRA 13:9)
(Open-hearth furnaces--Design and construction)

~i
" ! -',' I " i~ ~ I ;, N . V , , 9 ,-, ii s;,
FVQ~Ily,--Iky in crompe-.Itlon, T3kgi-., prom. 24 no.!!.-
,. ~- ~- t 61 IV -~ ',?.!2i'
i I t, L~ ;,.. =In 4 1
- I - iky ins" tu- legkc,,,r promyshlen-icst.-I
I lxbskovsk~ V i ekhria-3.- lier ~~ .- _ - ~a

SPIRIN, P. (Sverdlovsk)
Important potential for the economy of fuel. Vop. ekone no.8:
139-143 Ag 162. (MIRA 15:8)
(Ural Mountain region-Power resources)

~P-~~N...P. (Sverdlovsk); KOSYAKOV, P. (Sverdlovsk); BRYIJKHOV, G.
. .-, (Sverdlovsk)
Works of the Department of Economic Research of the Ural
Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S R. Vop. ekon.
no.11:157-160 N 163. iMIRA 17:2)

SPIRIN, P.A.
Protecting underground oil and gas pipelines from corrosion. Izv.
vys. ucheb. zav.; neft, i gaz 8 no.3:16 165.
(MIFA 18: 5),
1. Aserbaydzhanakiy institut nefti i khimii im. M. Azisbekova.

ZABABURIN, M.I.; SPIRIN, P.P._
Couroo of the development of the peat winning and utilization In the
Urala. Torf.prom. 36 no~1:11-12 159. (MIRA 12:3)
1. Sverdlovskoye upravl~niye torfyanogo fonda (for Zababurin). 2. Ural'-
skiy filial AN ssSR (for Spirin).
(Ural Mouitain region-Peat)

30LDA-TOV, A.~','.; SPIIIJ11, P.V.; TII"OFi;YV, A.I.
Treating oil wells with a sodium-sulfide salt reagent in the fields
of Kuybyshev Province. Befteprom. delo. no.9:12-15 164. (MA 17:10)
1. Kuybyshevf3kiy nauel-Lnc-issledovatellsk:Ly institut neftyanoy promy-
shlennosti.

SOLDATOV, A.M.; TIMOFEYEV, A.I.; SPIKIN, P.V.; ~-E-Dd~ILCV, V.P.; 1,1E.DKOVICH, Z.Ya.
Disin.tegration of rocks and metal try the sand--et method.
Nefte-prom. delo no.11122-16 164'a (1141 RAI 18:3)
1. Kuybyshevskiy nauchno-issledovate'Llskiy institut neftyanoy
promyshlennosti.

SPIRIN, S.
Change the attitude towards the machine plant. Muk.-elev.prom.
25 no.6:30 JP '59. 04M 12-9)
1. Dlre~tor litMno-sechanicbeskogo zavoda Chnlyabinskogo uprav-
loniya khloboproduktov.
(Grain-millina machinery)

SPIRIN, S.; LUKIYANOV, Yo.
Birth of a new grain cleaning machine. Muk.-o'lev.prom. 26 no.l:
21-22 Ja '60. (MIRA 13:6)
1. Direktor liteyno-mekhanichoskogo zavoda (;helyabinskogo upravleniya
khleboproduktov (for Spirin). 2. Glavnyy konstruktor spetsiallnogo
konstruktorskogo byuro liteyno-mekhanicheskogo zavoda Chelyabinskogo
upravleniya khleboprody*tov (for Luklyanov).
(Grain--Cleaning)

YERMAKOV, V.S.; SPIRIN, S.A.; GHIZHOV. D.G.; UGORNTS, I.I.; IAVRKNFNKO, K.D.;
SMDWOV, G.-V-.';-C-Hft~qMV, N.M.; MKEIITkUAN, S.G.; ASMOLOV, G.L.;
KOTILWSKIY, A.M.; KOLOKANOV, S.I.; SYROMYATNIKOV, I.A.; WARMAN, S-Ts.;
SOKDWV, B.M.; KOMISSAROV. Tu.P.; MALTUTIN, I.P.; POBJGAYLO, K.M.;
MORYAKOV, A.V.; MELUM, N.Y.; KUNSUSUILI, P.G.; GAHKAVAYA, L.A.;
LIVSHITS, E.M.; NURASOV, A.M.
Molsei Vul'fovich Safro; obituary. Elek.sta. 24 no.11:60 N '53.
(muu 6:3.1)
(Safro, Moiseilhillfovich, ?-1953)

YRRMAKOV, V.S.; KWCHKOV, I.M.; CHIZHOV, D.G.; KOGT19V, G.I.: LAVRINEY-
KO, K.D.; NEKRkSOV, A.M.; SPPIN, S.A.; VZSZLOV, N.D.; KOTILIVSKIT, D.G.;
SKIRNOV, G.V.; MARINOV, A.M.; IVANOV, K.I.; XWOV, A.P.;
GHUPWOV, N.M.; AVTONOKOV, B.Y.; SMONUTNIKOV, I.A.; KOLOXUWV, S.I.;
FAWIW, S.M.; GORSHKOV, A.S.: GOLIAMIM, P.S.; SOZOLOV, B.N.; XA-
KUSUIN, Ya.G.; MUITARTAN. S.G.; RASSADNIKOV, Te.I.; GRUDINUIT, P.G.;
FOMICHICV, G.I.; SHCHXRBININ, B.V.; ZJtTTSZV, V.I.; KOKORRV, S.V.; KLTU-
SHIN, M.P.; PBSCEARMT, V.I.; SAFRAZEWAN, G.S.: i dr...
IUrii Prokhorovich Komissarov; obituary. Elek.sta. 25 no.5:60 my '54.
(Komissarov, IUrii Prokhorovich, 1910-1954) (MA 7:6)

Metallurgical Plant
Open. Bearth
Furnaces
rVeconstructio'n of
.150-Ton Martin Furnaces at the
Ihmasts'Natellargical Factory S. S.. OudLovshchlbw
'I. Spirin':16gLneers, Mxznete Metallurgical.
9cibinsi 8 pp
RftoastructLon of 150-ton opon hearth faimaces of
Zatnets plant, vhich increased their capacity to L 185
iM 350 tons, resulted in a considerabl6 Increase An
their hourly production rate. Cartain.modificatiovA
6/42!8
U M /Ingineering (Contd) Ant 48,
hod to be'made in viev of nev requirements. Con-
elderable-laft of proportion is observed betvaen Ln-
creased productirity of furnace and almost unaltered
volume of checker brick and slag pockets. Sketches
show furnaces and dimension tables.
6/49TB

Hethods of prospecting for bauxites in the southwestern part
of the Chulyri-Tanisey lowland. Razved. I okh.nedr 24 no,10:
10-17 0 '58. (MIU 12-2)
1. Vaesoyuznyy nauchno-iasledovatellskiy institut minerallnogo
syr,ya.
(Chulym-Yenisey Lowland--Bauxite)

.r
I , 1U.K. Ldeoea&4edj',, ORLOVA P.V.,- SPIRIN, S.L.
G OR ETS K-TT- '. 9
F'rospects for finding bauxite in Siberia and the trends in and
the methede of further prospIcting. Min.syrle no.50-19 162.
(MIRA 16:4)
(Siberia-Bauxite)

------------------ --- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r t. d 1-25
O(JUC I CD
chora-11.utry products.
Ccilulosc., ,.n(-, its il,-nuf_-~cturc, Papcr.
L. No :,
".I)s Jour; Rof 2-,'hur-JQi`.rU~Ir-, 1957, 10027
-ithor Ark
-hipov, M. I, rind 3-pir-in, V. A.
Inst Iwinovsl~ Chemical "nEj~incer~TnG ~nstlzutc
Titlc Inve st t ions in 'Llic F-f-cid of Cu-prcmmonium Cel-
lulose 5clution. of "U-he Composition of
the RcLtLent on the Ch,-nIrXs in the Struct-urlnl
Viscosity o.-:L' ~ 11j' Ccllulosc ~;ojution, .~.rkhipov,
M. I. and Bollshnkov, A, G,: E'T fect Of Agitc.-
ti-on Time -nd R:tc on the W~riation in the
3trucL1=1 Viscosity of a ic,, Cellulose Solution.
Orig Pub: Tr. IvL-.novsl:. khJri,-tckbnol, in-t,-, 1956, No 5,
1411,1110; 149-1.;D'
Abstract: The offoct of tho conccntmtion of Cu and 'H-13 in
the cu-Dr7mr-lonium- solution cnd of the type of
Card 1/3
- -- - ---------------I

SUGOV, N.P.1, inzh.; SPMIN, V.A. -tekhnik
Determining some technological parameters in coating pipe
with polymer strips. Stroi. truboprov. 6 no.6:14-16 is 161.
(MIRA 14:7).
1. Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-iosledovatellskiy institut po stroitellstvu
magistrallnykh b~iboprovodov., Moskva.
(Protective coatings)
(Pipe)

SPIRIN V.A.., inzh.
-11
Device for insulating pipe.0 with strips of polymer material.
Stroi. truboprov. 7 no.5-.27 My 162. (MMA 16&6)
(Pipelinee) (Protective coatings)
I

SHAGOV, W.P.; SPIRIN, V.A.
Machine for insulating medium-diameter pipes with adhesivepolymer
bands. Niu:L.tekh.-ekon.inform.Gos.nauch.-issl.instnouch.i tekh.
inform. no.1:18-20 l-63. (MIRA 1612)
(Insultaion (Heat)-Equipment and Erupplies)

ACCESSION NR: AP4041020 S/0120/64*/000/003/0078/0079
iAUTHORt Spirin, V. D.; Bugorkov, A. S.
.TITLE: Circuit for separating pulse.pairs
;SOURCE: Pribory* i tekhnika eksperimenta, no. 3, 1964, 78-79
!TOPIC TAGS: double pulse, pulse separation system, nuclear measure-
~ment, thorium, scintillation counter, Schmidt trigger, amplitude
idiscriminator, univibrator, scaling circuit, scaler
1ABSTRACT: The authors describe an electronic circuit for separatinp
1 1
:pulse pairs during a given interval x, from the packet of pulses
iwhich are being fed to the input of the circuit. The interval may
I
ibe 0.05 to 0.5 sec. The system makes it possible to measure minute
I I
]quantities of thorium in samples. The operation of the system con-
Isists in the following: a pulse of positive polarity taken from a
;.scintillation counter is applied to the input of an amplifier, phase
linverted. and shaped by Schmidt trigger, which acts also an an
!amplitude discriminator. After shaping, the pulse to applied to
he grid--circuit of a univibrator. The amplitude of the shaped
3

1ACCESSION NR: AP4041020
!pulse is 20 v. The pulse is only able to trigger the univibrator of
long pulses (grid bias, -15 v). The univLbrator of short pulses
cannot be tripgered by the same signal, because of its grid bias.
(-25 v). A positive pulse appears at the output of the long-pulse
univibrator. Its duration is adjusted by a variable resistor. if
another pulse comes to the system input during interval T, the
lunivibrator of short pulses will be triggered. A pulse from the plate
of the univibrator tube is fed through a cathode follower into the input
of the scaling circuit and recorded. The maximum value of the interval T
Corresponds to about three periods of ThA half-decay, i.e., the time
during which the disintegration (probability, 90%) of a developed.
ThA atom takes place., The possibility of reducing the interval up
to 0.05 sec can be realized by the selection of an optimum value of
T at a considerable counting rate, when the probability of recording
spurious coincidences increases. Orige art. h.as: I fLgure.
Card 2/3

ACCESSION NR: AP4041020
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy nauchno-isaledovatel'skiy institut
radiatsionnoy gigieny* (Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of
Radiation Hygiene)
~SUBMITTED: 04Jun63 ATD PRESSt 3068 ENCLt 00
SUB CODE: EC, NP NO REP SOV: 000 OTHERt 002
:Card 3/3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,L 3770-66 EiVTW/EoA(h) GS
ACCESSION NRi AT5023960 'UR/0000/65/060/606/6461/0465
AUT11ORs Spirj4!,_'V,.
TITLE: Methods for measuring ultra-small -activities
SOURCE: Nauchnaya konferenteiya 22 yadernm mateorologii. Gbninsk.-Xg.S
_4
Radioaktivnyye izotopy v atmosfere I ikh ispoltzovaniye v ma*,~eorologii (Radio-
active Isotopes in the atmosphere and their use in meteorology); doklady
konferenteii. Moscow, Atomizdat, 1965, 461-465
TOPIC TAGS: alpha particle, alpha particle.detector, alpha particle spectrosca
P711
I alpha counter SAS I scintillator FEU photomultiplier
ABSTRACT: Three devices for the determination of ultra-smallo(-activitie-s'are
described. They were developed at the Leningradskiy nauchno-issledovatellskiy
institut radiatsionnOy gigiyeny (Leningrad Scientific Research Institute for
Radiation Hygiene). The first device, used in the dei7ermination,of the concenUi-----_-
tion of Iong-lived isotopes In air filters, consists of scintillation counter
1 SAS-1 and photomultiplier FEU-". For an effectiveness of 30-33% per 4'TT and a
-13
sensitivity of I x 10 curie/g per impulseA., the background of the counter is:
5 impA. The second device is a scintillation radon ter. It is used in
i Card 1/2
~Ca~rd2 f2

ACC NRI AP5027300 SOURCE CODE: UIR/02U/65/010/010/001 VOOA
AUTHOR: Yershovp E. Be; Koran, A. A,; SpIrin V D,; Shomovs Ve Pe
ORG: Scientific Research Institute or Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad
(Naucbnoloaledovateltakly Institut radiatsionnoy gigiony)
TITLE: Experimental determination of absorbed dose from alpha-smitters.
In contact media
SOURCE: Maditsinsksys. radiologlyap v, 10s noe ios 1965, 10-14
TOPIC TAGS: radiation dosimetry. alpha particle,-=04ftesl 'Unclear arpll__
rem 6 4 MOR a9m3sail "all1 -44 Mr q- - diet
UV~CL LWVW-V---cN-
ABSTRACT: Present calculation of absorbeW~odiatlon doses and their
distribution in tissues upon internal irradiation by alpha particles
does not sufficiently consider the layer between the active and the
passive medium, that isp tbe.secretion layer In integtinal-irradistions
This work Involves study of factors Influencing the does and experimen-
tal determination of the absorbed dose according to the depth of the
irradiated tissues either without filter between the contact media or.
for any filter thickness,, by means of an alpha spectrometer and calcu-
lation. The model for the active medium was a thick layer or pressed
-Card 1/3 UDC: 615^997-031

L 10618-66
ACC NR: AP5027300
tale with evenly distributed It 239 # and that for the passive layer Was-
koloxylin lamellae simulating cellular layers of various thickness*
Even distribution of radioactive isotopeand Irradiation throughout the.
media was assumed* Based on tbe-,spectra. obtained and Insertion of
values Into the formula
wbere E is the energy of alpha particles corresponding to the i-ahannel
Nithe nAmber of alpha particles with Ei energy, and further calculation'
ID consideration of Ad layerj, the formula
DA d -.ffA d - 1.6 -
was arrived at for the done absorbed Inlayer Ad* It Is concluded that
this method of simulation permits determination of the distribution Of,
the quantity of dose absorbed according to the depth of the Irradiated
medium (mucosal cover of the gastrointestinal tract) from the Itnown
thickness of the filter layer (secretion layer In the tract)* The mean
energy of alpha particles leaving the thick emitter Is equal to 0*56 of
rd 2/3

Si-iRilly V,D.; BHUR, Yu.,c;.; CI*DIINA,V.F.
Heasuring the radon concentrittion in water by 6-radialion.
Med. rad. 10 no. 12:11-33 D 165 (MIRA. 10:1)
.1. beri-Ingradskiy nauchno-isslodavatel'sMy InstItut radiatsionnoy
g i,glymy.

SJUNDEL', Ya.G. [Shyndell, 1A.H.); CHEMNETSKII, V.M. [GhepovetalkvJ, V..M,.)?-
SPIRINY i.K.
Automation of manual operations In dyeing and finishing processes.
Leh,prom. no.100-22 Ja-Mr 164. (KRA 19:1)

GINEVICHY G.I.; PREOBRAZHENSKIY, V.N.; SPIRINS -V.V.
Continuous unit for milling aminoplastics. Flast.massy,no.lb
58-59 161. (MIRi 11,:10)
(Aminoplastics) (Milling machinery)

A C ';N-.- A SOURCE CODE: UR/0106/66/000/001/0076/0078
b005003
AUTHOR Styblik, V. A.
ORG: none
TITLE: Tunnel-diode generating converter and heterodyne converter
SOURCE: Elektrosvyazl, no. 1, 1966, 76-78
TOPIC TAGS: frequency converter, tunnel diode converter, radio relay line
ABSTRACT: Operating conditions, gain, a
pd gain area of (A) generating and
(B) heterodyne-type frequency convertersVire theoretically considered. It is.found
that: (1) A-type is less stable in operation than B-type; (Z) In allowing for the input
conductance of the converter, the heterodyne amplitude decreases with gm -;;- 0 and
increases with goo /_ 0; here, gm is the converter tunnel-diode conductivity at its
operating point; (3) Optimal conditions of the converter require adefinite
conductivity of the oscillator which may determine the type, of tunnel diode to be used;
(4) Under goo 4 0 conditions, stable operation is possible only at, oscillator voltages
exceeding a certain value. Experimental verification is claimo-d. Orig. art. has.
6 figures and 9 formulas.
15may6s ORIG REF. 004
SUB CODE: 17, 09 SUBM DATE:
Card UDC: 621.372.632~~

SPIRIN, Ya.1., aspirant.
Etiology and treatment of coprostasis and atents. of the large
intestine In horses. Veterinarita 32 n0-3:68-70 Mr 155.
(NLRA 8:2)
l.Nevocharkasekiy seavoterinarnyy inatitut imeni 1-y Kenney
Armii.
(HORSZS--DISXA=) (INTESTINES-DISEAUS)

T
",otcr Functien of Illp, Cc!
-,r. c--;r r; cr -
i h I t u 11 T - I-
In~t imeni Cavall-i Army. Chai
:-jejiassv, D - s s ert a' - rm lcr the
P'-lY!7 0107y- "I'C"C'
ror,-,r(~e of Canrii~~ate in VAnrinary Sciences)
S 0 Knizhna--.~a L~~trrrisl

I
VIRNIK., D.I., starshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik; ARTEMDVA, N.N., mladshiy. .
nauchnyy sotrudnik; RADKEVICH, D.P., mladshiy nauchnyy
-sotrudnik; SE-ROCHKINA, V.P., mladshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik;
KMOTSOV, V.P. , mladshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik; TRUDOLYUBOVA,
G. B. , m1adshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik; SPIRIN Ye.T starshiy
inzh.
Development of a new technology and mechanized contuinuous
production line for the manufacture of edible gelatin
from collagen-containing pigskins. Trudy VNIIMP ho.1ja
84-94 163. (MIRA 17:5)

SPIRIN, Yu.L.; GANTMAMR, A.R.; MNEDEV, S.S.
Mechanism of polymerization in the presence of alitali rietal
organic compounds. Vynokon.soed. 1 iia.8:1258-1265
Ag 15 9. (NDUL 13 -'2)
1. Fiziko-khimicheskiy institut im. L.Ya.Karpova.
(Polymerization) (Alkali metal compounds)

GAIWMAKIIER, A.R.; SPIRIN, Yu.L.; ?,DU)V=FV. S.S.
Polymerization and copolymerization of fluorinated styrenes.
Vysokom.sood. I no.10:1526-1530 0 '59. (14IRA 13:3)
1. Fiziko-khimicheskiy inBtitut im.L.Ya.Karpova.
(Styrene) (Polymerization)

3 2 3 0 3 P 66433
AUTHORS: Yu.,L,, Gantmakher, A. R.9 SOV/20-128-6-38/63
_.,$,pirin
_,
Medvedev, S. S., Academician
TITLE: The Copolymerization of Parachlorostyrene With a-Methylstyrene
and Styrene Under the Influence of Alkaline Catalysts
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 128, Nr 6, pp 1232 - 1233
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: An investigation is made of the reactivity of chlorine-contain-
ing monomers under the influence of lithium-organic and sodium-
organic catalysts in different media. The polymerization took
place in a vacuum, to exclude the effects of air and humidity.
Previous experiments with monomers containing a relatively mo-
bile chlorine atom (chlorovinyl, chloroprene) showed that the
chlorine atom quickly reacts with lithiumethyl and that no poly-
merization takes place even at low temperatures. The chlorine
atom of parachlorostyrene is, however, less mobile, and thus it
is possible to carry out the polymerization. Table I gives the
results of the experiments. Lithiumethyl, sodium triphenylmethyl,
a-sodium naphthalene and y-radiation were used as catalystel the
solvents were benzene, ether, triethylamine, and tetrahydrofuran.
Card 1/2 The composition of the copolymers strongly depended on the-kind
. I----

66433
The Copolymerization of Parachlorostyrene With a-Methyl- SOV/20-128-6-36/63
styrene !.nd Styrene Under the Influence of Alkaline Catalysts
of catalyst and medium. In the case of hydrocarbons the radical
polymerization is predominant in the polymerization with lithium-
ethyl. The same radical polymerization also prevails under the
effect of y-radiation. In the case of triethylamine the polymeri-
zation according to the anion mechanism is most frquent, while
when lithiumethyl is used in ether radical mechanism and anion
mechanism are found side by side. The constants of anionic co-
polymerization calculated for styrene (a - 0.1t0.1) and para-
chlorostyrene (p - 6.5�0.1) show that the introduction of the
chlorine atom into styrene increases the activity of the monomer
for anionic polymerization. There are 1 table and 2 references,
I of which is Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovatellskiy fiziko-khimicheskiy institut im. L. Ya.
Karpova (Scientific Research Institute of Physical Chemistry
imeni L. Ya. Karpov)
SUBMITTED: July 6~ 1959
Card 2/2

A 4~.
j i J J
On 9
I ~ i - i ~z I i
14
ix 9
IN

81612
3/190/60/002/02/11/011
BO04/B061
AUTHORS: Spir u. L., Gantmakher~ A. R.; Medvedev, S. S.
TITLE: Electron Absorption Spectra of Carbanions in the
Polymerization of StyreneUn the Presence 6f Organometallic
Compounds
PERIODICAL,~ Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 2,
PP~ 310-312
TEXT: The authors'proceed from the data published in Refs. 1-4,
according to which the composition of copolymers changes when, instead
of organoaodium-~ organolithiu0compounds are used as catalysts, and the
polymerization occurs in hydrocarbons instead of in amines and ethers.
The polymerization is accelerated by the conversion of LiR to NaR and
the substitution of amines, ether, or tetrahydrofurane for hydrocarbon.
The authors infer from this that the structure of the carbanion
components of the catalysts for LiR and NaR differ not only in hydro-
carbons but alao in polar solvents, This was checked by examining the
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81612
Electron Absorption Spectra of Carbanions s1190/6010021021111011
in the Polymerization of Styrene in the B004/Bo61
Presence of Organometallic Compounds
absorption spectra in the near ultraviolet ranged The spectra of
carbanions formed by polymerization of styrene in the presence of
LiR or NaR in different media were taken with an 0~ -4 (SF-4) spectro-
photometer aecording to I. V. Astaflyev's method kRef. 6), excluding
dampness and oxygen~ Fig.. 1 shows the dependence of the optical density
on the wavelength for lithium polystyrene in different media, Fig. 2,
the same for sodium polystyrenej and Table I gives the absorption
maxima. The results are: The absorption maximum is shifted to longer
waves (from 330 mp to 395 mg) by the use of organosodium compounds.
This confirms the strengthening of the carbanion character in KaR as
opposed to LiR. The solvent (toluene, toluene + triethylamine, toluene +
tetrahydrofurane) has no effect on the position of the absorption bands,
and only changes the intensity of absorption. There are 2 figures,
1 table, and 6 references; 3 Soviet- and 3 M
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-khimicheskiy institut im. L. Ya. Karpova (Physico-
chemical Institute imeni L. Ya. Karpov)
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Electron Absorption 5pectra of Carbanions
in the Polymeri2ation of Styrene in the
Presenoe of Organometallic Compounds
SUBMITTED: December 4, 1959
81612
S/190/60/002/02/il/Oll
B600061
j
Card 313

S11 90J60/002/007/012/017
B02O/BO52
AUTHORS: Y_u.___L., Polyakov, D. K., Gantmakher, A. R.,
Medvedev,
TITLE: Polymerization and Copolymerization of Isoprene Initiated by
Ethyl Lithium
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya,'1960, Vol. 2, No. 71
pp. 1082-1092
TEXT: In a previous paper it has been shown (Ref. 1) that the polymeri-
zation mechanism of styrene in the presence of ethyl lithium changes con-
siderably with the transition from a hydrocarbon solvent to a triethyl-
amine toluene mixture. Here, the polymerization and copolymerization lavs
of isoprene and styrene by ethyl lithium are investigated under various
conditions. Ethyl lithium was synthesized by reaction. of metallic lithium
and ethyl chloride in benzene (Ref. 2). After recrystalliiation it was
solved in toluene, vacuum-filtered and filled into ampoules. From them,
the solution was filled into the device shown in Figs 1. The polymeri-
zation was carried out in the dilatometer shown in Fig. 2. The polymers
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Polymerization and Copolymerization of Isoprene S/190/60/002/007/012/017
Initiated by Ethyl Lithium B020/BO52
were precipitated from the obtained solutions by methaziol. During the
isolation of polyisoprene, the antioxidant W-030H-ACNeozo]ie4':O) was, added
to methanol The polymers were vacuum-dried, and the viscosity of poly-
styrene in benzene (Ref. 1), and that of polyisoprene in toluene were de-
termined at 300. The composition of the copolymers was IR-spectrographical-
ly and refractometrically determined from their hydrogen and carbon con-
tents on the basis of the supposition that the intrinsic viscosity is an
additive quantity. The difference in the results obtained by various
methodsp was not more than +2.1,d. The dependence of the polymerization
rate of isoprene on the concentration of the monomer in toluene# ethyl
lithium in toluene, triethyRamine and the catalyst in a toluene - triethyl
amine mixture, is graphically presented in Fig- 3- It isho6'*-.'.-.i that the
polymerization rate is proportional to the monomer coricenti~tion.-In the
toluene - amine mixture, the polymerization rate is proportional to the
concentration of the catalyst. However, the dependence of the polymeri-
zation rate in hydrocarbons in connection with the lithium polyisoprene
association, on the concentration of the catalyst, is more complicated.
Fig- 4 shows the kinetic curves of the isoprene and styrene polymerization
with 0-003 mole/1 of ethyl lithium solution in toluene, and in a toluene -
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Polymerization afid Copolymerization of Isoprene S/190/60/002/007/012/017
Initiated by Ethyl Lithium B02O/BO52
amine mixture. The temperature dependence.of.the polymerization rate of
i6oprene in toluene and a toluene - amine mixture,is shown in Figs- 5 and
6. Table 1 gives the activation energies and rate constants during the
increase of the chains in the isoprene and styrene polymerizations. For
comparisonI the same quantities are given as to radical polymerization.
E - 14-3 kcal/mole, k 300 = 0.5 in the polymerization of isoprene in toluen%
and in the amine - toluene mixturet E - 9.2 kcal/mole, and k 300 =-0-03-
The dependence of log Eq]on log M for polyisoprene in toluene, and toluene
with a triethylamine addition, are shown in Fig. 7. Table 2 gives the com-
position of isoprene styrene copolymers in *various solvents at 270C; the
kin6tic curves of the system under different conditions are given in
Fig. 8. The constants of the-copolymerization of isoprene and styrene in
toluene were found to be r, = 9.5, r2 0.25; in a toluene - amine
mixture r1 = 1, r 2 = 0.8. On the basis of the results ob.itined, a poly-
merization mechanism was suggested for vinyl and diene-monomers in the
presence of ethyl lithium under various conditions. There are 8 figures,
2 tables, and 11 references: 6 Soviet and 5 US.
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Polymerization and Copolymerization of Isoprene
Initiated by Ethyl Lithium
ASSOCIATIONt Fiziko-khimicheskiy institut im.
(Physico-chemical Institute imeni
SUBMITTED: March 179 1960
S/190J60/002/007/012/017
B020/BO52
L. Ya. Karpova
L. Ya. Karpov)
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B/074/60/029/05,/02/005
B008/BO06
AWHORS. Gantmakher, A. R., Spirin, Yu. L.
TITLEx Anionic Polymerizatioll Under the IInfluence of Alkali
Metals and Their Derivatives
PERIODICAL. Uspekhi khimii, 1960, Vol. 29, No- 5, pp. 629-647
TEM- This survey deals with polymerization under the influence of
alkali metals and their derivatives. Anionic polymerization proceeds
according to an ionic mechanism of the type of an acid-base inter-
action (Ref. 1), in which the catalysts, or the active centers act
as electron donors., while the monomers act as electi~on acceptors.
Vinylidene cyanide and nitro-ethylene monomers, which readily react
in anionic polymerization reactions, polymerize in presence of water,
alcohols and amines (Refs. 3-7) without heating. The following mechanism
is assumed: 'ROH + CH2-C(CN)2 -* R-I+---CH2---C-(CN)2
initiation + +
RO---CH2---C (CN) 2+ ROH -4- R---O---CH2 ---C (CN )2 + H.0-R
~' HI
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V~
Anionic Polymerization Under the S/WY60/029/05/02/005
Influence of Alkali Metals and Their Booa Boo6
Derivatives
chain reaction R --- 0--CH2____d(CN)2 +nCH2 C(CN)~~ R--O- fCH2-C(CN)2] n+1
Refs. 8-13 are the first papers published in the field of polymerization
in the presence of alkali metalsq amides and organic alkali-metal com-
pounds. Further investigations in this field rendered it possible to
clarify the nature of this process. Polymerization in liquid ammonia
in the presence of alkali-metal amides is discussed in Refs..114-16. The
following reaction mechanism was suggested: NE 2+CH 2-CHR --'~ NH 2 _-CH2 --dHR
(initiation)9 NH 2- (CH 2---CHR)n---CH2---~HR+CH 2=CHR --'0- 'H2_(CH2__CM)n+1
--CH 2----CHR (chain reaction), NH 2-(CH2--CHR )n+1__C'2__~'R+"2 -4 NH2_
_(CH 2---CER) n+1 ____CH2___CH2 R+NH2(chain termination). Polymerization in
the presence of alkali metals and their organo-metallic compounds is
discussed in Refs-1,17-35. For this type of reaction, the following me-
chanismg giving an organo-sodium. catalyst as an exaWle, is assumed:
NaR +CH =CHR --0- R ___CH HNa (initiation) R --- CH
1 2 1 2-1 1-(CH2--CaR n 2-
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Anionic Polymerization Under the S/074j6O/O29/05/02/005
Influence of Alkali Metals and Their BOO8/Boo6
Derivatives
----YHRNa+CH2-CHR Rl-(CH2---CHR)n+l--CH2---CHRITa (chain reaction),
R - + A A
RI -(CH2---CHR)n+l--CH2---CHNa+H2 0 -4- R,-(CH2--CER) n+1 -CH2--CH2R+NaOH
A
(chain termination). Chaln transfer reactions are also possible:
R ---CH --CH\A-vvwCH =CHR
---CHNa + CH R --CH -CHvvvo4H=CHR+('H Hka
1 2 2 2 1 2 k
A k - 4. R
(transfer to monomer), R1---CH2 --CHvvvvvCH2-1HXa+HR' --)-R,---CH2---CHvvvvCH2-
ft ft
--CH2R+NaRl (transfer to solvent). It is evident from this reaction
scheme that the structure of the growing active center differs little
from that of the initial organo-metallic compound. Only the structure
of the organic radical bound.to the metal changes. The initiation rate
depends on the nature of the radical of the initial organo-metallic
compound. It can be smallerg equal, or greater than the rate of the
chain reaction. It is a special property of organo-metallic catalyst
initiated polymerization that, under certain conditions, lengthening
of the chain can be continued until the monomer present in the reaction
x
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Anionic Polymerization Under the S/07~/60/029/0/02/005
Influence of Alkali Metals and Their B008 B006
Derivatives
mixture is completely used up. The kinetics of polymerization in the
presence of alkali metals have scarcely been investigated. Polymeriza-
tion by metallic lithium and its organic compounds is treated in Refs.
26, 28, 36-55. A special property of monomer polymerization under the
influence of organic alkali-metal compounds is that the structure of
the polymer chain, and thus also the properties of the polymer formed,
depend on the nature of the catalyst and the medium applied (Tables 1, 2)
Polymerization in the presence of "alfin" catalysts is described in
Refs. 379 56-62 (the term "alfin" was formed at an early in'restigation
stage of this new catalyst, when it was assumed that only two components
sodium alcoholates and olefine compounds of sodium - were required for
its preparation). The mechanism of polymerizations initiated by this
catalyst is not yet wholly understood. The nature of the catalyst, how-
ever, and rules observed in the reaction, indicate it to be an anionic
polymerization. The simultaneous occurrence of anionic- and radical
polymerizations in the presence of alkali metals is described in Refs.
239 63-70- It was shown that the formation of an ion-radical in the re-
action of an alkali metal with an unsaturated molecule does not always
lead to anionic polymerization. In some cases the competitive radical
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Anionic Polymerization Unier the Influence S/074/60/029/05/02/005
of Alkali Metals and Their Derivatives B008/Boo6
polymerization predominates, while in other cases, both reactions occur
simultaneously (Table 3). The preparation of polymers of regular struc-
ture - so-called i8otactic and syndiotactic polymers - by anionic poly-
merization methods are described in Refs. 59, 60, 71-80. It is mention-
ad that stereoregular DOlymers can be prepared not only in heterogeneous
systems, but also in h;mogeneous mediums, but only in the presence of
organo-lithium. compounds. Anionic copolymerization is discussed in Refs.
23, 28, 50., 68, 81-90. The latter reaction is widely applied for pre-
paring polymers with valuable properties (Tables 4, 5). It is finally
stressed that there is very little quantitative information on the me-
chanisms-of the reactions mentioned in this paper. The following persons
are mentionedg I. L. Kondakov, S. V. Lebedev, I. I. Ostromyslenskiy,
S. S. Medvedev, A. D. Abkin, 0. D.Hamontova, A. A. Korotkov, K. B.
Piotrovskiy, V. A. Kropachev, B. A~ Dolgoplosk, N4 N. Nikolayev, N. N.
Chesnokova, L. B. Trukhmano-va, G. Mark, Ye. B. Lyudvig. There are
5 tables and 90 references, 22 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATIONs Fiziko-khimicheskiy in--t im. L. Ya. Karpova
(Physicochemical Institute imeni L. Ya. Karpov)
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N -
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V-9 -'UR
-9 V0
MI 1.
m z
m 14 Cc
5 9.~ Ag o"I
gg
car

25859
8/020/61/139/004/019/025
2 2 0.9 B103~M6
AUTHORSj Spirin, Yu. L., Polyakov, D. K., Gantmakher, A. R.p and
-Ke-d-veile-v,S. S. , Academician
TITLEs Polymerization of styrene, butadiene and leoprene, initiated
by lithium ethyl in various media
PERIODICALt Akademiya nauk SSSR. Dokladyj v, 139, no- 4, 1961, 899-902
TEM The authors investigated the separate polymerization and
copolymerization of monomers# a) styrene, b) butadiens, and c) isoprenej
which was initiated with lithium ethyl and carried out in 1) toluene, 2)
triethylamine (amino), 3) diethyl other, 4) dioxane, and 5) taltrahydro-
furan. (THF). Thum# the dependence of the reactivity of theme ,monomers on
their structure and on polymerization conditions was to be clarified,
The methods were described in previous studies (Rot. It Yu. L. Spirin et
al., Vysokomolsk. soyed., .1, 1082 (1960)j Rot. 21 L. M. Lanovskaya et al.j
ibid., 1391)- In all three cases, the molecular weight of the polymers
increased in 1)-5) with the intensity of polymerization, Its dependence
on the concentration 0 of the components was close to the ratio x/C (Rot.
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S~02 61/139/004/019/02 5
Polymerization of styrene, butadiene ... B103 3206
33 M- Szwarc & al. J. Am. Chem. Boo., 76, 2656 0956), Ref, 41 F. Welch,
ibid. 81, 1345 (1959)). The walls of The dilatometer were subjected to
speciJ1-treatment when the investigation took place at a low concentration
of the initiator ('10-5 mole/1). In these cases the concentration of
the active centers was determined an the basis of the molecular weight.
In the presence of 2) to 5), a bulb dilatometer melted from one piece of
quartz was used for polymerization, the concentration of active centers
being determined spectrophotometrically at a given wavelength. I)i Even
at relatively low concentrations of the initiator, deviations from the
proportional dependence of the rate on the concentration of the initiator
occurred. The rules observed were previously explained (Ref. 1) by the
forwLtion of mutually associated "live" polymers in hydrocarbon media.
They are inactive during polymerization. The association of the active
centers was also proved viscosimetricallys The viscosity of the solutions
of the "live" Li polyisoprene in toluene dropped considerably due to
deactivation. The equilibrium between the associates and the monomer
centers which are active during polymerization, is displaced with the
temperature rise in the direction of the latter. Thus, the activation
energy of the process is lowered. This takes place even at a
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25859
S/020/61/139/004/019/025
Polymerization of styrene, butadiene ... WOVB206-,
concentration of the initiator of -0-5'10-4 mole/l. Thus, an association
exists also under these conditions. The authors established that the
association of the active centers increases as followss Li polystyrene
~ Li polyiBoprene < Li polybutadiene. The relative reactivity of the
monomers increases as followat styrene /, isopreno ~ butadiene. 2) - 5)s
Polymerization is accelerated with the introduction of these solvents,
but the activation energies are reduced correspondingly. THF (0.6%) which
reduces the activation energy of styrene polymerization in toluene from
14-5 to 6.8, has the strongest effect. However, the activation energy of
isoprene polymerization in THF rises with temperature increase. This
seems to be explained by a degenerate passing on of the chain throu h the
monomer (Ref. 61 S. Ye. Brealer at al., ZhTF, ser. 8, 28, 114 (19 M).
The association of the "live" polymers is -!onsiderably reduced in the
presence of 2) to 5), since 2) to 5) form complexes with lithium.
Association of the Li polystyrene is absent in the medium of 2) to 5)
(there is a proportional dependence between the rate of polymerization
and the concentration of the initiator); Li polyisoprene is slightly
associated in amine; Li polybutadiene is considerably associated in
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25859
S/020J61/1 39/004/019/025
Polymerization of styrene, butadiene ... B103/B206
amine. Even in THF, which is a solvent of hibr, dissolving capacity, some
associations of Li polybutadiene occur. This the authors believe to be
a dependence of the degree of association of the active centers on their
construction. In previous studies)~Ref.l; Ref- 71 Yu. L. Spirin & al.,
Vysokomolek. soyed., 1, 1258 (1959 the authors explained the
peculiarities of the polymerization of non-polar monomers of the above
type by the participation of the lithium component, besides the carbanion
component, in the growth of the chain. The introduction of 2) to 5)
which form complexes with the lithium component of the catalyst, reduces
the effect of this component on the growth of the chain. The mechanism
of the process is changed correspondingly. It approaches a typical
anionic polymerination in the presence of admixtures of-high dissolving
capacity (THF). The authors presume that the reduction of the activation
energy with increasing THF concentration takes place due to the destruction
of associates as well as through a change of the complexes between THF
and the active centers, and through the increase of the dielectric constant
of the medium. Inspite of different dielectric constants of ether and
dixane (4-33 and 2.28 at 200C), the'polymerization of styrene in it
proceeds at a comparable rate and activation energy. The authors also
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3/020 61/139/004/019/025
Polymerization of styrene, butadiene ..0 B10- YB206
investigated the composition of copolymers _i, the systems styrene-
isoprene and styrene-butadiene in the presence of 2) to 5), and calculated
the copolymerization constants for amine and THF. The relative portion
of styrene in the copolymer rises in these systems when 2) to 5) are
introduced. It may be seen from the data that the effect of the solvents
on separate polymerization and copolymerization is not always the same.
In the presence of THF, the copolymers are strongly enriched with
styrene and correspond to the compositions from 4ypical anionic processes
(D. E. Kelley, A. V. Tobolsky, J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 81, 1597 (1959)). The
relative reactivity of monomers increases in THF, 7 g., isoprene
butadiene ~ styrene. The authors presume that the reactivity of
monomers on separate polymerization in polar media is changed in the
same sequence as in the case of copolymerization. The effect of solvents
1) to 5) on polymerization largely depends on their electron-donor
capacity. Relatively weak electron donors like amine, ether, or dioxane
change the polarization of the Li-C bond only slightly. In individual
cases, they even increase the activation energy of chain growth as
compared with hydrocarbon solvents. The strong electron donors (THF)f
however, entirely eliminate the effect of lithium. Thus, the polarization
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S/02 621146100210091013
B1 01 YB1 44
AUTHORS: Spirin, Yu. L., Gantmakher, A. R., Medvedev, S. S.,
TITLE: Association of oreanolithium compounds and its role during
polymerization
PERIODICAL: Akadeniya nauk SSSA. Doklady, v- 146, no. 2, 1962, 368-371 J,
TEXT: ',i*hen polymerization is initiated by organalithium compounds, the
polymerization rate increases more slowly than-the concentration of the
initiator, owing to deactivation of the active centers by association,
The authors studied the effect of the polymer-carbani6n structure on the
association degree during the polymerization of styrene, isopropene, or
butadiene initiated by ethyl lithium. The shift of the absorption bind
toward Greater wave lengths and the change in optical density of the band
were observed in order to study the conversion of ethyl lithium into
associates with the polymer carbanion. The specific effect of the polymers
was found to be an increase in initiation rate following the sequence
isoprene< butadiene