SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT SVECHNIKOV, V.N. - SVECHNIKOV, V.N.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Document Release Date: August 31, 2001
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SVECHITIKOV
-=LI, I-V.; SVYECHN.'EKO'I, V.K., diysnyy chlen.
Coalescence of carbon impurities in tempering wrought iron. Dor,AN Un=
no.5:358-363 151. (VIRA 6:9)
1. Akademiya, nauk Ulcrayinslkoyi RSH (for Svvechnikov). 2. Daipropetrovalkyy
derzhavn,w,r universytet (for Salli). (Wrought iron)

-- STE-CHNIKOV, V. N.
- , O.S.; SV-TWHWIKOV,,,YA~, diyanyy chlen.
W~
Iffect of the duration of low temperature annealing on the utrength of tempered
tool steel. Dop.AN MSR no-3:232-236 152. (YMA 6:9)
1. A'kademiya nauk Ukrayinalkoyl RSR (for Svyechnikov). 2. Nykolayivg')W
korablebudivW instytut in. admir&l& S.O.MakiLrova (for Koysyeyenko).
(Tool steel)

SALLI, I.V.; SVY1WHff-IKOVj-:-V.-M-;!,., diyanyy chlen.
- -' .~ , ,1~
Coalescence of cementite in carbon steel. Dop.Aff URSH no.4:342--347 152.
(KLPA 6:10
1. Akademlya nank Ukrayinelkoyi RSR (for Svyeahnikov). 2. Dnipropetrovelkyy
derzhavnyy universytet (for Salli). (Gem*ntite)

- '-flip TTI 1~17, D _~" -1 ..
_T 4 _. C;7i; 1, ~
, _j " - :-. ~- 1 ~ . ;T.
_ _, fI K I_- 7 . .- - I
3t-,,!1 - Brittl-ne!ns
Axm,~,alirn-, bri! of structural steels. Trudy Inst. chern.ralet. Xr UER3R.no.5, 19~52.
9. li~,I`ITMY LI3T OF ACCEI`SI~-NS, Libr--.Iry of Con.gress, D,,!cembcr 1952. Uncl.

SVECHNIKQV-,-L-X~--
O.S.; SMOHNIKOIJ-4.R., diyanyy chlen.
Mechanical properties of martensite hardened alloy tool Bteuls. Dop.AN URSR
no.6:1187-49.3 '52. (MLRA 6:10)
1. Akademiva nauk Ukrayinalkoyi RSR (for Svechnikov). 2. Itrkolayivs'kyy
korablebudivnyy instytut im. admirals. S.Y.Makarova (for Moyiseyenko).
(Tool steel)

MOYSEYMKO. O.S.; SVECHNIKOV, V.M., diysnyy chlen.
-- -
Effecf of the regime of heating on propertien of hardened carbon steels.
Do-o.AN URSR no.3:220-225 '53. (W-RA 6:6)
1. Krkolaivs kyy korablebudivnyy Instytut im. S.Y.Makarova (for Moyaeyenko).
2. Akademiya nauk UkraVinslkoyi RSR (for Svechnikov). (Ste-91-Heat Treat-
.0
ment)

POLEMMITSEV, 7ladimir Sergeyevich; SVRQB
.NIEV, Y.N., redaktor;
SAMOKWALOV, Ta.A., redaktor; KRYLOMIr *P.n.s. tekhnicheskiy
redaktor.
(Very-low-temperature treatment of fast cutting steel] Orhrabotka
byetrorezhuahchei stali glubokim kholodom. Kiev, Izd-vo ikkademii
nauk Ukrainakot SSR, 1954. 77 P. (MLRA 9:1)
Wetals at low temperatures) (Steel)

ED _36q
USSR/Physics Cold Shortness of Steel
Card 1/1
Author Svechnikov, V. N. and Golubev,, S. S.
Title On the cold shortness of high-phosphorus steel
Periodical Zhur. tekh. fiz. 24, 467-472, Mar 1954
A
Abstract Authors investigate mechanism of the effect of phosphorus on cold
shortness of steel and attempt to eliminate contradictions in
existing viewpoint on the effect of grain size on brittle failure.
Establish that presence of fine grains tn ferritic-pearlitic m.4.x-
ture produces high resistance of steel to brittle failure only in
the case when groups of ferritic-pearlitic grains have no near-
similar crystallographic orientation. Furthermore, they conclude
that similar fine grains have different effect on cold shortness
of steei depending on method used for obtaining fine grain struc-
ture, namely, hot mechanical work or heat treatment. Four refer-
ences., all USSR; one 1934, others 1.949-1951. Graphs.
Institution :
Submitted : September 30, 1953

USSR/Physics - alloy steel grains FD-1-0-74-
Card 1/1 Pub- 153 - 10/24
Author Svechnik , V...'N., and Movchan, B. A.
Title : Structure of the primary grains of alloy steels during heating to a
high temperature (1300-140OPC)
Periodical : Zhur. tekh. fiz., 24, No 10, 1823-1829, Oct 1954
Abstract : The authors study by direct methods the structure of the grains and
the boundary zones of several alloy steels (results tabulated), namely
at temperatures of overheating. They find that chromium and wolfram
diffuse into the boundary zones of'the grains and that manganese may
concentrate att internal defects because of rolling. They describe their
experimental procedures and evaluate their results.
Institution
Submitted January 29, 1954

SVECHNIKOV, V. N. and SPEKTOR, A. Ts.
"The Effect of Zirconium on the Polya=phism of Iron"
an article in the book "Questions on the Physics of Y&tals and Yetal
Science", AS Ukr. SSR, Kiev, 1955, 151 PP-
So: Sum No 1102, 19 Oct 56

SVECIRUKOV, V. It., GRIDNEV) V. N.) KOCHE-RZ11INSKIY, Yu. A.
"On the Transformation of Ferrite Into Austenite During Electric
Heating"
an article in the book "Questions on the Physics of Metals and Metal
Science", AS Ukr. SSR, Kiev, 1955, 151 PP.
So: Sum No. 1102, 19 Oct 56

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STACHNIKOV. V.N.; IIOVCW, B.A.
,: i:4 .. - -
Equilibrium of chemical inhomogeneity in alloys at high temperature.
Sbor. nauch. rab. Inst. metallofiz. AN USSR no,7:32-47 156.
(Metals at high temperature) (MIRA 11:1)
(14etallography)

piiK Ov
L42025 (Runfam) MO& reclse Mination of the
flibrium Dia a the Fkw8yStw. YJIOcftnci& diff.
g.mmmy Sealwan
nliav and A- K- Shurim AladerLq ivau-k
-B~O no-T7,M7-,p-27-29,
A Alloys studied c-cnLqinvd 0 to 12-5Z As, 001f to 0.020% C.
Th, hciutj~~,;,am~ solif-lus cur~cs and the boundirw-i cf the

.:Art)4,.n -4, tea tc
Itit, rt-zinri -~,;D 1.4
sic matulp Iv.
fr-z~tn5

137-58-6-13Z65
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 6, p 299 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Svechn ridnev, V.N., Kocherzhinskiy, Yu.A.
TITLE: On the Effect of Carbon Content and Original Structure on the
Temperature of Austenite Formation in Iron-carbon Alloys on
Rapid Heating (0 vliyanii soderzhaniya ugleroda i iskhodnoy
struktury na temperaturu obrazovaniya austenita v zhelezjug-
lerodistykh splavakh pri bystrykh nagrevakh)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn. rabot In-ta metallofiz. AN UkrSSR, 1957, Nr 8,
pp 42-43
ABSTRACT: The temperatures of transformations (T) during elec-
tric heating at 20-200 degrees-C/sec of carbon steel containing
0.045-1.08% C with various structures were determined by the
dilatometric method. In annealed steels containing structurally
free ferrite, cX-r T begins at 755-7600C and ceases at 900-
910'. In annealed steels containing no structurally free ferrite,
c)e., -~, T proceeds to completion at the stopping temperature
on the thermal curves at 750-7550. In tempered steels the
Oe -W' T takes place at lower temperatures: 30-350 lower in
eutectoid steel and below the equilibrium point A3 in hypo- N.K.
Card 1 /1 eutectoid steel. 1. Carbon-iron alloys--Analysis 2. Carbon-ir 'on alloys--Tem-
perature factors 3. Carbon--Pbase studies

137-58-6-13258
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 6, p 298 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Shurin, A.K., Svechnikov, V.N.
TITLE: The Iron- carbon- ~ar s eFnic boys ~rna zhelezo-uglerod-
mysh'yak)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn. rabot In-ta metallofiz. AN UkrSSR, 1957, Nr 8,
pp 58-64
ABSTRACT: The alloys were smeOqd~of metallic As (967o), Armco Fe,
electrolytic Fe, and an alldy containing ri 5jo C in a Tammann
furnace. Homogenization was done at 900-12000C during 6-8
hr, which fully eliminated dendritic liquation of As. Investiga-
tion was conducted by the methods of differential dilatometric
analysis and by rnicrostructural methods of measuring of re-
sistivity during heating. Four cross sections were constructed
for constant As contents: 0.8, 1.4, 2.8, and 4.5%. As was
above points Al and A3. At 1.751o As and S+d'
regions unite. At 2.41o As the o~ and 6 regions unite. The
temperature of the solidus drops' sharply with an iiic~rease in As
content (by ZZO-3ZOO depending on C content.) The temperature
Card 1/2 of the eutectic transformation L ~ + Fe3C with 4.556 As

V E N N
AUTHORS: Svechnikov, V.141. , Starod1jbo7, K.F, Kenbers of 32-12-71/71
fh-eAN Ukrainian SSR; Dymov, A.M., Yel'yanov, A.A.,
Chernikh,ov, Yu.A., Shchapov. N.P., Blanter, M.Ye.
Professors
TITLE: Lev SamLilovich Dlugach (Deceased) (Lev Samuylovich Dlugach).
PERIODICAL- Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1957, Vol. 23, Nr 12, pp. 1527-1528 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The deceased is here praised as being the greatest promoter of the
development and spreading of ~wuexz laboratories. He was born at
Grodno on June 8, 1887; he finished his studies at the Polytechmic,
Institute at Laningrad and emigrated tuo France soon later. In France
he developed his activities as en~gineer for research aork in the
metallurgical indust3:7 and in recent times he was head of a station
for thermal research in a laboratory. At the outloreak of the Bolshe-
vik revolutiou he returrned to Russia, where he worked at various
metallurgical industrial plants in the USSR. From 1931 to 1941 he
worked as professor at various universities in the USSR, and during
the last years of his life he occupied the chair for the techr-ology
of metals at the Electrotechnical In-9titute at Leningrad. As a re-
Card 1/2 sult of the initilati-ve taken by him nwne.rous central laboratories

SVECHNIKOV, V.11. ; KOCHERZHIIISKIY, Yu.A.: PAIT. V.M.; SHURIN, A.K.
Investigating chromium-niobium-vanadium alloys. Isal. po zharopr.
splav. 3:168--177 1 58? -4 (KRA 11:11)
(Chromium-111obiura4vanadinm alloys -Met allograpb*)
(Pbase rule and''equilibrium)

akademik, doktor tekhn.nauk; TAROYCIRM, Yu.Ye., kand.tekhn.
nauk
Heat treatment and alloying of phosphorus steels. Izv. vys. ucheb.
zave; chernemeto no,5:163-169 My- 158. (MIRA 11:7)
l.AN USSR (for Svechnikov). 2.Kiyevskiv politekhnicheskiy institut.
(Steel-Metallurgy) (Phosphorus)

SVECHNIKOV, V-11., dolctor tekhn.nauk, akad.; GOLUBBY, S.S., doteent
of carbon steel with high phosphorous content.
Izv.vys.ucheb.zav-; chern.met. no.6;117-130 Je 158.
(HIR& 12:8)
1. Kiyevskiy politekhnicheskiy institut. Rekomendovano kafedroy
metallovedeniya Kiyevskogo politekhnicheskogo instituta.
(Steel--Brittleneen)

SOV/129-58-9-3/16
AUTHORS: Svechnij;qv,_X., N. Academician Ac.Sc. Ukr.SSR and
sh, I. Kh., Engineer
TITLE: Influence of hitrogen on the Tendency to Growth of the
Austenitic Grain of Medium Carbon Phosphorous Steel
(Vliyaniye azota na sklonnost' k rostu austenitno.-O
zerna sredneuglerodistoy fosforistoy stali)
PCiRIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, 1958, Er 9,
PP 15-19 + 2 plates (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors are unaware of published information on
the simultaneous influence of an increased
con-uent of P and N on the grain size in medium
carbon steel and changes in the grain size with the
heatinG temperature. The work described in -this paper
is a further development of earlier published work
(Refs 1 and 2). The experiments viere effected on steel,
the F content of which was higher than the respective
P content of standard Bessemer rail steel for the purpose
of detectinS more clearly the influence of P on the
properties of steel and also for the purpose of studying
the possibilities of increasinS the P content of such
Card 1/7 steels. According to Riees and Hopkins (Ref 3) oxygen

Influence of Nitrogen on the Tendency to Growth of the Aus~enitic
Grain of Medium Carbon Phosphorous Steel
chemical compo1tion of the investigated alloys is entered
in a table, p 16. The heats weighing 33 to 35 k~~ were
poured into two cast iron moulds; in one of these the
metal was deoxidised with aluminium (500 g per ton), in
the other the steel was not deoxidised. The conditions
of smelting and pouring were equal in both cases. A
third of the ingot was cut off and the remainin-, sound
part of the casting was forged into a square rod with
side lengths of 12 to 13 mm. All the rods were
normalisation annealed under shop conditions at 9001C
for 8hirty minutes. ThS specimens were heated at 800 to
1050 C with steps of 50 C each and PnnealinS times of
1.5 hours,followed by cooling in air. The grain size was
determined under the microscope on the basis of the
network of the excess ferrite. For expressing
graphically the dependence of the grain size on the
teuDerature, the method of differential counting of the
grains was applied which was proposed by K.A.Malyshev
(Ref The kinetics of grain growth for the investi-
Card 3/7 gated alloys is expressed by a graph sum:aarisin6 the

SOV129-58-9-3/16
Influence of -Nitrogen on the Tendency to Growth of the Austuenitic
Grain of Medium Carbon Phosphorous Steel
Card L~17
following three magnitudes: the average size of the
coarse grains, the average size of the small grains and
their percentual ratio in the area of the field of
vision of the microscope. In Fig.1 the dependence is
graphed of the grain size on the temperature for heats
of various chemical compositions. The individual heats
are designated by fractions in which the numerator is
the serial number of -the heat and the denominator is
the serial number of the ingot, whereby even numbers
designate ingots which were deoxidised with aluminium
and odd numbers designate ingots which were not deoxid-
ised. The lower curves indicate the growth of the fine
grains, whilst the higher curves indicate the growth of
the coarse grains for both ingots as a function of the
temperature. The influence of phosphorus on the grain
size has not been studied in detail in tnis work, since
it is known that P brings about an increase in the grain
size of the austenite. Figs. 2 and 3 (plate) show the
micro-structure of inGots deoxidised with aluminium after
norlualisation annealing at various teldperatures. The

SOV/129-58-9-3/16
Influence of Vitrogen on the Tendency to Growth of the Austenitic
Grain of Medium Carbon Phosphorous Steel
results of metallographic analysis are shovin in the
Figures 4 and 5 (plate); in steel containing 0.025% N
numerous clearly pronounced deformation lines can be
seen in the ferrite, whilst in the case of a nitrogen
content of 0.006% such lines can also be seen but they
are less numerous. According to Chatterjea and
Nijhawan (Ref 12),for aluminium contents exceeding 0.14%
separation of an acicularly shaped component can be
observed at grain boundaries and in the case of high
aluminium contents there is a definite tendency to
agglomeration. These authors (Ref 12) have proved
conclusively that the acicular component is aluminium
nitride. On reducing the aluminium content, the quantity
of such nitride acicules decreases and then ceases to
exist; in steels not containing aluminium, such separa-
tions have not been detected. Chatterjea and
Nijhawan (Ref 12) arrived at the conclusion that the
solubility of nitrides in austenite and their
agglomeration depends on the content of aluminium. in the
Card 5/7 steel and this hypothesis enables better explanation of

SOV/12~-58-9-3/16
Influence of Vitrogen on the Tendency to Growth of the Austenitic
Grain of Medium Carbon Phosphorous Steel
the relations governing the grain growth than obher
existing hypotheses; the experimental data given in
their paper appears sufficiently conclusive. The results
were obtained on steel (containing 0.4% C, 0.6-0.?% Mn
and 156 Al), the carbon content of which was near to that
of the steel used in the experiments of the authors of
this paper; the aluminium content was considerably
higher. Furthermore, they applied nitriding instead of
introducing nitrogen into the liquid steel. Due to
this difference in the aluminium content and the sub-
microscopic scale of the separations of aluminium
nitrides') the authors of this paper could not count on
detecting aluminium nitrides by micro-structural
analysis and., thereforet there is no discrepancy between
their results and the results of Chatterjea and Nijhavian
(Ref 12). Kato et alii (Ref 13) also apparently
(according to an abstract) did not detect a clearly
Card 6/7

SVECHNIKOV, V-X-, akademik; TRUSH, I.Kh, inzh.
Effect of nitrogen on the;,mechanical properties of medium carbon
phosphorous steel. Iz-7. vys. ucheb. sav.; cherus met. no.12:
81-88 D 158. (MnA 22:3)
l.Kiyevskiy politekhnicheskiy institut. 2.AN USSR (for
Svechnikov).
(Steel--3rittleness) (Gases in metals)
(Nitrogen)

SOV/126-6-3-17/32
V. N. and Yakovchuh Yu. Ye.
TBORS: Svechnikov')
TITLili: Influence -o=iosphorus and 11,ickel on the Cold Brittle-
ries.,,-, of ILIedium Carbon Steel (Vliyaniye 'Losfora -J
nikelya iua kh ladnolom!,Zost I sredi ieu,le rod is-Loy stali)
PERIODICAL: Fizilca -'Metallov i Metalloved-E!niye, 1o53 , Vol 6, Nr 3,
PP 505-511 (USSR)
ABSTR-,'tCT: The investiSatione described in t"I'As paper represent a
branch of the wo-r-11, caraAed out in- recent years in the
laboratory of the authors relatfn;~ to col~,I biittleness
of phosph-orous mediwa carbon steel. I. A. -Rinebolt and
W. Y. Harris (Ref.4) published results of investigations
of the separa-be influence of P and Ni on the cold
brittleness of steel. However, as far as the authors Lire
aviare/tll-ke simultan6ous influence of these elements has not
been studied. IVrLheriaorel the influence of these
elements o--.', the cold brittleness was studied predominantly
orl carbon steels) usually not exceeding 0.21,166 and in
no case exceeding 0.3%. Such linitation of the carbon
content in the inve stir~-at ions is inadvisable since it was
esLablished Uhat ,:,-ith IncreasinS carbon con.;ent the
Card 1/6 unfavourable in-flueiice of P inci~eases and the favourable

SOV/126-6-3-17/32
Influence of Phosphorus and Nickel on the Cold Brittleness of
bledium Carbon Steel
2. was found
about a decrease by 1.5 to 2.0 kSia/cm It v
that for -the given P content the impact strength and
its temperature dependence depends on the grain size of
-the steel. P dissolves preferentially in the ferrite
~:,nd not in the austenite and does not influence
appreciably the eutectoidal content of carbon. The
micro-hardness of fei-rite increases continuously from
131 to 24-1 units if the P content is raised from
0.11 -to 1.42116. The influence of P on the cold brittle-
ness cannot be explained solely by its influence on the
grain size, it has also -to be explained from the point of
view of its influence on the properties of the solid
solution. The asswaption has been expressed that P
influences the structure of the crystal lattice and brin-s
about an ijacrease of the resistance to displacement at
lower temperatures. The results of iiapact tests on steels
conuaining 0.1,5% P and alloyed with various contents of
CD
Ni are entered in Table 2 and :' -raphea in Fig.2. The
re-ults obtained with the three steels indicate that an
Card 3/6 ircrease in tale Ni content brings about a progressive
Ld

SOV/126-6-3-17/32
Influence of Ph(;snhorus and IT ickel or, the Cold Brittleness of
Aledium Carbon Steel
brittle fracture, the authors investiSated the influence
of 8eat treatment,consistinE of haBdening in -aater from
850 0 followed by tempering at 650 C for one hour, as a
result of i!;hich a disperse uniformly distributed granular
certientite -~~as obtained in a fine ~-r,
~, ain ferritic matrix.
In FiE.6 the impact strenL,-th vs. -temperature curve is given
for one of the tested steels in the initial normalised
state,,as well as after the here mentioned heat treatment.
it can be seen that the temperature of transition into
the brittle state is not appreciably affected by such a
heat treatment but the impact stren6th is 2 considegably
improved ~y it ang increases to 3.6 kg/cm at +20 C and
1.8 kg/cm at -40 a as a result. It can, therefore 7 be
concluded that the temperature of appearance of the first
signs of brittle fracture and the temperature of the
complete transformation of the steel into the brittle state
are determined fundamentally by the properties of the
ferrite, whilst 'Ube magnitude of -the impact strength in the
tough state is limited by the quantity of pearlite in. the
Card 5/6normal case and,, under special conditions, by the shape of

SOV/126-6-4-!3/7,11
AUTHOR: Svechnikov, V.N.,

Shurin, A.K.
TITIZ: Effect of Phosphorus and ArsGnia on tha Lattiiia Parg-meter
and Hardness of cx. -Iron (Vliyaniye fos:Cora i ay,,~',iljaka

na paramety Ixistallicheskoy reahat-k; -i t-%itrdc,st1
I
allfa-zheleza)
PERIODICAL:Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeni-ye, 1958, Vol 6v
Nr 4, pp 662-664 (USSR)
A.B.STRA.CT: High purity electrolytic iron was used for the
preparation of the experim*ntal Fa--P and Fe-As alloys
melted in vacuum (10"' ma HF,) in the f olme:r , axA ir. argon
in the latter case. The alloying elemeants wer*
introduced in the form of master alloys of uhe eutdctic
composition (10.5% P or 3% As) prepa:nad 1)ry powdered
metallur methods (sint*red in evacuated quaitz
y
ampoules5
. No losses of the alloying *lemants ocGured
on smelting, and the carbon content of the A-P aad
Fe-As alloys was 0.004 - 0.010% and 0.016 - 0.02C)l/lo
Card 1/4 respectively. To remove the segregation effa,--ts the

SOV/126-6-4-13/34
Ef fect of Phosphorus and Arsenic on -the lat-Uice Paramovor and
Hardness of cy~ -Iron
45 and 10 hra at 400, 500, 650 and 810'0)
From these ddta solid solubility of P and As in o(-iron
at various temperatu7res Yras de,;ermined. The solid
solubility curve of phosphoras in a, -irozi. ik shmn on
Fig.3, that saiawing solubility of arsenic in cA, -ixoa
is reproduced in another arbiele (Ref .12). Bo-,',-h
phosphorus and arsenic were fourA to ini=ease hai-iness
of ok -iron. The micro and macro-hardnAvas curms
(graphs a and b) f or the Fe -P AnE F*- As Alloys are
shown on Fig.4 and 5 rezpactivtl-y. The differance
belp,ween ths values of rdero ?X.--L 'w'.aro-hardr-mas ax,1*
at-11-Pributed to the faot that tho formr was detjrmined
Card 3/4

SOV/126-6-5-14/43
AUTHORS: S _e~, li4Eev-z-v~N. and Yakovchuk Yu. Ye.
Y I
TITLE: Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Cold
Shortness of Phosphor Steel (Vliyaniye termicheskoy
obrabotki na strukturu i khladnolomkost' fosforistoy stali)
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1958, Vol 6,
Vr 5, PP 849 - 857 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Two anomalies are encountered in medium carbon phosphorus-
containing steel .. 1) the existence of two ferrites, one
of which is enriched in P and appears in relief in micro-
sections; 2) separation of cementite from pearlite,
forming a structurally independent constituent if the P
exceeds 0.15% (Refs 1, 2, 3). Svechnikov et a!. (Ref 1)
expressed the desirability for a special heat treatment
to be worked out which would bring about isolation of a
considerable quantity of P in "relief" pearlite, thus
lowering the temperature at which cold shortness sets in.
The authors of this paper decided to explore the poss-i-
bilities of such a heat treatment. First, the influence
of P content on the temperatures of the Ael, A .3 and
Acm points were investigated, the methods adopted being
Cardl/5 based on the work of Oelsen (Ref 5). C and P behave

SOV/126~-6-5-14/43
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure and bold Shortness
of Phosphor Steel
differently both qualitatively and quantitatively in cc
and y-iron; they rapidly redistribute themselves during
phase changes, P mainly concentrating in ferrite ahd 0
mainly in austenite. This non-uniformity in distribution
remains after the phase changes are complete. Steels of
various C and P content were tested dilatometrically at
a heating and cooling rate of 3 C/min, excSpt in cases
where the critical points were above 1 000 C orfnere the
temperature of completion of dissolution of secondary
cementite in hyper-eutectoid steels was used for deter-
mining the critical points, when a micro-structural method
was used. The results are shown in Fi ures 1 (heating)
and 2 (cooling) in the form of graphs Mmperature against
% 0) for steels of various P contents. Figure 3 shows
the boundaries of the one-phase region of austenite in
relation to P content for steels of constant C content.
In Figure 4, experimental and theoretical curves for the
beginning and completion of the a to y transformation
on heating steels with a constant P content are shown.
Card2/5 Figure 5 is a micro-pho to graph of 0.8%o 0, 0.3% P steel,

SOV/126-6-5-14/43
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Cold Shortness
of Phosphor Steel
cooled fr8m the one-phase region of austenite and quenched
from 850 C after 15 minutes' soaking. Martensite,
cementite and ferrite are evident. The same alloy slowly
cooled is shown in Figures 6 and 7. Here, the pearlite
is surrounded by a network of ferrite within which again
there is a network of cementite. The absence of phosphide
in these micro-sections is probably due to redistribution
of the dissolved phosphide between the a and y phases.
In order to estimate the phosphide in ferrite, the micro-
hardness was plotted against % P (see Figure 8) and f:?om
this diagram the relief ferrite in steels containing 0.3
to 0.4011o C and 0.15% P was found to contain 0.25 to 0-70% P
and that in 0.5 to 0.7% 0 steels, 1.2 to 1.5% P. The P
content of the ferrite network containing the cefaent-ite
network was 1.21 - 1.3%, which approaches ths solubility
of P in a-iron at temperatures of 800 to 870 C at which
the austenisation of steels containing 0.2 and 0.3% P
is complete. A P content exceeding 0.05016 reduces the
strength of steel. The reasons for this have remained
Car43/5, obscure until recently. The authors of this paper, in an

SOV/126-6-5-14/43
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Strucuure and Cold Shortness
of Phosphor Steel
effort to elucidate this problem, have carried out the
following experiments: refined steel containing 0.4896 C,
0.1"r2o/o P, 0.228%o Si, 0.4WS Mn and 0.26% S was cast into
small. ingots which were forged into rods. These in tnarn
were cut into billets for making stgndard test pieces.
The billets were normalised at 500 C and one half of them
were made into test pieces for an impaQt test; the other
half were heated to and soaked at 760 "'C for one hour a=d
th8n air-cooled. Sharpy. impact tests were carried out at
0 C and various temperatures below. The results are
given in a table and in Figure 9. The impact strength
of the latter specimens is greater at all testing tempera-
tures than that of the former. Their micro-structure is
shown in Figure 10 and approaches that aimed at. The
microhardness of the isolated islands of "relief" ferrite
was found to be 210 kg/mm 2 that of the surrounding
ordinary ferrite 135 kg/mm Such a hardness of "relief"
ferrite suggests a P content of up to 1%.
Cara'V5

SOV/126-6-5-14/43
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Cold Shortness
of Phosphor Steel
There are 10 figures, 1 table and 11 references, 8 of
which are Soviet and 3 German.
ASSOCIATION: Kiyevskiy politekhnj..cheskiy institut
OUyev Polytechnical Institute)
SUBMITTED: March 6, 1957
Card 5/5

18(7) PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3355
Akadeslya naulC SSSR- Inatitut metallurgii. Nauchnyy,40vot p0
problems zharoprochnykh oplavov
Isaledovanlya po zhiLroprochnym splavam, t. IV (Studies on Heat-.-,-
sist"t Alloys, vol. 4). Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. 400 P.
Errata Blip Inserted. 2,200 copies printed.
Ed. of Publishing House: V. A. Kllmov; Tech. Ed.: A. P. Guseva;
Editorial Board: 1. P. Bardin, Academician; 0. V. Kurdyu=v,
Academician; W. V. Ageyev, Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of
Sciences; 1. A. Oding, 1. M. Pavlov, and 1. ?. Zudin, Candidate
of Technical Sciences.
PURPOSE: This book In Intended for metallurgists concerned with
I the at ructurn I' metallurgy or alloys.
COVERAGRa This Is a collection Of specialized studies of v aricus
&t_ren
bl in the structural metallurgy of he Intent alloys.
Norsom &*Oro concerned with the-.')retical principles, Dome with des
c -