SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT VAKSMAN, A.V. - VAKULA, V.L.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001858420001-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 31, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

BOV/65-58-8-12/14
The Coking of Petroleum Pitch in Industrial Dinas Kilns.
and the properties of the products will depend on the
point and time of establishing material equilibrium, and
also when samples of gaseous and vaporous coking products
are taken off for analysis. Weight of the load of raw
material varied between 10 and 21-t. Values obtained on
the material equilibrium are given in Table 2. Data
in Table 3 showsthat the properties of coke are not so
dependent on the nature of the raw material as on the
conditions of preparation. During the cokin of petroleum
pitch about 40% of distillate is obtained. qhis distillate
has a high specific weightp a high naphthalene content
and a high coking number. The percentage composition
of the coke distillate is given. It was fractionated in
a 6 m column (35 plates) and was found to contain 13.9%
hydrocarbons(~oil~nr between 790 and 2050C),- a benzene -
fra8tion and 16.9 ofa fraction boiling between 2100 and
330 C. The contpnt of sulphonating compounds in the
benzene fraction having an iodine number of 103 and
a molecular weierht of 113 = 62%. The content of aromatic
h rocarbons was defined according to the GrozN11 method
( ef.2) and did not exceed 16.5,%. The octane number
Card 2/3 75 which makes it possible to use this fraction as a

6OV/65-58-9-12/14
The Coking of iletrolevji Pitoh in Dij:as Kil-
- l - -qs.
component for motor fuel. The yield of gaseous products
ximately ~(J~ i
was appro -.- a! to tth~-~t obta ned during the
coking of =a-"ogG-as raw material in a Dinas kiln (Ref.l).The
h7droo,a, bor, c-cmpos2t'on of 'he gas only dif fered by the
absence of but7lenes. Wihe n the temperature durin- the
coking of petroleum pitch is increased to 65000 the buty-
lene content decreases. and no butylenes vrere present 3t
temper-aturQis e-r.,-eedinC,7 7500C (Table 5). About 1.7 - 161-'~
of other unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene and propylene)
are contained ir. coking gas; the yield of ethylene
is twi-e as high as that of propylene. The GPK-49 type
of construction for Dinas kilns was found to be most
aatisfa-,tory. Kilns consisting of three blocks can
produce up to 80,000-t per year of high quality
coke. There are 5 Tables and 4 Soviet References.
ASSOCIATION: GrozNII.
1. Petroleum- Pro c eo s liig 2. Patroleum-Prol)ertiet; 3. Furnace.9
-Performance 4. Ceramic materials-Applicatiorw
CARD 3/3

j A
Standards for nachine tools Lcmin~rrad, S,,an,-;,,ii,ti7,a;-siia i -ItsjiL.
civii, 400 P. C'o-46897).
TJIIC'I.K67
1. Machine -tools - Standard's. 2. I,.-achilne - Lo,-ls - nianpj!'~i-Wre - Russia
I. Valksran, 1'.. V., ed.

I
- , VAK 0-YAN14ASV8 ow
1. VAKSMANt A.V.
2. USSR (600)
Kransnyy Proletariy Machine-Tool Plant "Permissable Stresses in Designing Machine Tool
Parts" Stanki Instrument, 12, No. 4,, 1941.
9. 4W Report U-1503, 4 Oct. 1951.

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VAK6$M,_ A. VL
"Basic Problems of Design, Sharpening, and Utilization of Thread Chasers (Type
MAAG.) Thesis for degree of Cand. Technical Scl. Sub. 14 Mar 49, Y4,scow Order
of the Labor Red Banner Higher Technical School imeni N. E. Bamqan.
Summary 82, 18 Dec 52, DigsertatioDs Presented For PeRrees in Sgience and Engineerin
in Moscow in 1%2. From VechernyaYa Moskva, Jan-Dec 1949.

VAKSMAN, A.V.
Shaving allowance forms and methods of producing them. Stan.1 instr. vol.24
no.9:10-14 S 153. (MMA 6:10)
(Kett-I cutting)

. I
I VAKSMAN,A.Y., doteentkandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk
Technical and economic bases for setting up new practical dimension-
al series of gear moduli. Standartizateiia no.2!34-43 Mr-Ap 1 55.
(GearinC--Standards) (MLRA 8:7)

VAKSKAN,A.V., dotsent, kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk
Inginsering and economic aspects of setting up a new efficient
size-series of metric gearing. Standartizateiia no-3:15-21 M7-
Je 155. (MLRA 8:10)
(Gearing--Standards)

VAKSKAN, A.V., kandidattakhnicheskikh nauk.
"-,-
Dimensional specifications for countersinking. Stan-darti"teiia
no.6:59-65 N-D '56, (YM 10-1)
(Drilling and boring--Standards)

v/~ A A
AUTHOR: Vaksman, A.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences 28-3-7/33
TITLE: Standardization of Rubber Sealing Gaskets in Hydraulic Devices
(0 standartizatsii rezinovykh uplotniteley v gidravlicheakikh
ustroy8tvakh)
PERIODICAL: Standartizatsiya, 1957, # 3, May-June, p 35-39 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: V-shaped sealing collars are said to be standardized in the USSR.
The author offers theoretical material for development of
standards of sealing collars for rotating shafts and of sealing
rings for cylinders and rods. Equations and calculation ex-
amples are given for specific pressure of the rubber collar on
the shaft in the case of rubber alone and in the case of brace-
let springs(Fig. 2) employed in the collar design, as well as
for calculation of heat balance and friction. The author con-
siders the sealing rings enclosed in metal cases - used in the
machine tool industry - as being unduly complex and having no
technical advantages, and recommends instead the simple de'sign
of collars without reinforcing metal rings (Fig. 3) as are
used by the machine tool plant imeni Ordzhonikidze and plants
of inner-grinding machine tools. The machine tool plant
"Krasnyy Proletariy'i uses similar rubber collars with a rein-
Card 112 forced metal ring (Fig. 4). The metal ring is designed to pre-

Standardization of Rubber Sealing Gaskets in Hydraulic Devices 28-3-7/33
vent the "secondary" shrinking of rubber, but large diameter
metal rings get distorted after stamping, and this affects the
shape and tightness of sealing ring gaskets.
The article also contains data on allowances and tolerances
used at the plant imeni Ordzhonikidze and on technical conditions
for the.rubber grades A-1 and A-2 employed for these sealing
devices. It is stated that rubber rings have replaced the
former cast iron rings in many applications. It was established
by laboratory experiments that sealing rings made of rubber
A-2 did not show any noticeable wear after 350,000 double actions
at 35 atmospheres pressure in the cylinder.
There are 5 figures, no references.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2

K '>_ M fA rA , N/
AUTHOR: Vaksman, A.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences 28-4-8/35
TITLEs Standardization of Small Tools (Standartizatsiya melkorazzer-
nogo instrumenta)
PERIODICAL: Standartizataiya, 1957, # 4, PP 32-36 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Large cutting tools are essentially covered by about 150
standards and 100 branch norms, and up to 90% of their produc-
tion is centralized. The normalization of small tools with
nominal diameter less than 1 mm, which st'arted only recently,
becomes important in view of the development of the watch and
instrument industries. The article makes a review of the
present status and gives the numbers of the related rOCT
Dimensions and tolerances for metric thread of the I and II
accuracy classes for diameters of 0.3 - 0.9 were standardized
in 1946 ( roCT 3196-46, 3197-46 and 3198-46). Fits and tole-
rances for smooth work of less than 1 mm diameter were stand-
ardized in 1954 ( rOCT 3047-54). roCT 6636-53, which estab-
lished the number series for selection of linear dimensions
and diameters, served as the starting point for the new stand-
arde for drills and reamers - rOCT 8032-56, 8034-56 and
Card l/ 2 8035-56, developed in 1956.

Standardization of Minute Tools
28-4-8/35
Detailed information is given on these latter standards
including the principles of construction (the preference series
numbers and denominators), 4 dimension charts and one drawing
of reamers. The standardized tool assortment is said to meet
all the,needs of the watch and instrument industries. The
author considers it sensible that the technological norms
recommended with the issued standards be regulated by branch
norms or standards, in which the geometric progression should
be followed not only for diameters but also for other values
such as the length of the work portion and the overall length
of tool. There are 4 tables and 1 drawing.
ASSOCIATION: All-Union Research Institute for Tools (Vaesoyuznyy nauchno-
issledovatellskiy instrumentalInyy institut)
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2

~4
28-5-14/30
AUTHORt Vaksman, A.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: Dimension Series of Small Gear Transmission Modulea (Razmernyy
ryad melkikh moduley zubchatykh peredaah)
PERIODICAL: Standartizataiya, 1957, # 5, P 56-63 (USSR)
ABSTRAM the article states that the instrument industry lacks norms
for many basic dimensions and physical parameters for small-
size tools, and that the "OCT 1597 "for the module-dimension
series is obsolete. The article gives the theoretical foun-
dation of the project for standard series of small (under I mm)
modulesp which will have to form the basis for a chain of
standards and norms. The principles of the proposed series
are explained in detail and accompanied by related computations,
tables and diagrams. The difference between this proposed
series and the series proposed by the International Standard
Organization's Technical Committee No 60 is pointed out. The
module system of the Moskva Tool Plant (MoskovPkiy instrumen-
tallnyy zavod), with 11 modules, Is mentioned as typical for
the entire Soviet instrument industry, since this plant pro-
Card 1/2 duces all the gear cutting tools. The technical as well as

Dimension Series of Small Gear Transmission Modules 28-5-14/30
b economical advantages of the proposed module series are pointed
out.
There are 7 tables and 3 diagrams.
ASSOCIATION3 All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Tools (Voesoyuznyy
nauchno-iseledovatellskiy instrumentalInyy inatiiut)
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION 1213
,USSR. Komitet standartov, mer i izmeritellnykh priborov
Materialy 2-go i 3-go soveshchaniy po standartizdatsii i normalizatsii V
mashinostroyenii (Materials of the Second [Dec. 1956] and Third (May 19571
Conferences on Standardization and Normalization in Machine Building) Moscow,
Standartgiz, 1958. 135 p. 2,000 copies printed.
Resp. Ed.: Krynkin, K.M.; Ed. of Pablishing House: Rozova, L.V.; Tech. Ed.: Matvey-
eva, A.Ye.
PURPOSE: This collection of articles is intended for designers and engineering
specialists.
COVERAGE: The book contains abbreviated versions of lectures given during the
2nd and 3rd Scientific Methodology Conferences held in December 1956 and May
1957 respectively. The first part of the book reviews the significance of
introducing into Soviet engineering practices a system of preferred numbers
based on recommendation of the International Standards Organization (150).
The second part of the book generalizes on the experimental studies of standard-
ization and unification conducted by various machinery-manufacturing branches
Mira
Card 1/3

Materials of the Second (Cont.)
1213
of Soviet industry. No personalities are mentioned. Them are no references.
%%M OF C0KT9NTS:
From the Publisher 2
PART I. SERIES OF PREFERRED NUMBERS AND THEIR DMW-
ANCE 0 ESTABLISBING RATIONAL FARAMEMRS AND DIMENSIONS
OF MOLCHINKS, zqunwn, AND TOOLS
Tkachenko, V.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences. Sets of Preferred numbers 5
Sum-Shik, M.R., Engineer. Application of Series of Preferred Numbers in
Machin -tool Mmaufacturing 13
Vaksman, A-V., Candidate of Technical Sciences. Nev Dimensional Series
of Mil-ling Gutters Established in Conformance With Number of MiLchine-
tool Plevolutions 27
PART II. EMRIMENTS W.Exil STANDARDIZATION AND
UNIFICATION OF BASIC PAPAMETERS OF MACHINES An
Card 2/ 3 EQUEPHM

Materials of the Second (Cont.)
1213
PenIkov, P.M., Engineer. Methodology and Practice of Planning and Orgaaiz-
ing Production of a (Preferred Numbers] Series of Desiga-unified Machl
Tools Using A Basic Design 4T
Polivanov, P.M., Engineer. Standardization of Parts and Assemblies When
Plannin Unit Machine Tools and Automatic Lines 70
Urnikov, I.N., Fi2gineer. Basic Principles for Unifying and Design-standard-
izing Adjustable-blade and Axial Water Turbines 78
Riz*rantsev, V.A., Docent. Methodology of Planning and Substantiating
Standardized [Preferred Numbers] Series of Piston Compressors 103
Soldatov, K.N., Engineer. Experiment to Classify by Type and Standardize
Ceptrifugal Oil Rupps of a Normal Series 121
Gurevich, A-Ya-, Engineer. Experiment to Standardize and Normalize Con-
straction and Road-building Machinery 132
AVAIIAHIE: Library of Congress
Card 313
JG/fal
3-5-59

AUTHOR: Vaksman, A.V.. S07/121-5a-Q-10/21
TITLE: The Desi~n of Special Gear Hobbing Cutters for Shaved
Gears (Proyektirovaniye spetsiallnykh chervyachnykh
frez pod shever) z?-
PERIODICAL: Stanki i Instrument, 1958. Nr 9, pp 32 - 34 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Some data are recorded underlying the VNII branch standards
ON 432/5--58 for Sear bobbin$ cutters intended for shaved -
gears. The precise profile forms are shown in FiguEes 1-3,
in 3 variants of which, the first has a straight 19
profile intended for small pitch gears. The other two
have slightly broken flanks. The construction of the
principal points of these profiles is given in detail using
some nzimerical values listed'in Table 1-h 'The second
profile consists of a basic profile o1 20 over most o;
the tooth flanks followed by a profile of less than 20
near the tip. Such a profile produces a shaving allowance
in the working part of -the tooth flank of the cur, gear.
Cardl/2

SOV/i2l-58-9--10/21
The Design of Special Gear Hobbing Cutters for Shaved Gears
The third profile produces a more perfect shaving allowance
giving a lead-in to the shaving cutter by a doubly broken
cutter profile.
There are 6 figures and 4 tables.
Card 2/2

25(5) SCV/28-rc -2-6.1`26
AUTHORs Vaksman, A.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: The Method of Broach Normalization Based on the Preference
Number Series (Metodika normalizatsii. protyazhek na. osnove
predpochtitellnykh chisel)
PERIODICALt Standartizatsiya, 1959,2Rr-2, pp 21-27 (USSR)
ABSTRACTi In connection with the planned development of standard spe-
cifications for round, grooved and key broaches, the author
proposes a method for regulating initial data common for
most broaches, that is the spacing of teeth, their profiles,
the spaces between them and their cutting elements. The
space between the teeth is correlated with the length of
the broached opening, which, in turnhas a functional
correlation with ";,he diameter of thevopening. Thus, before
establishing a series of spacings, it is necessary to fix
the series of diameters and lengths of the broached open-
ings. Since the spacing series must correspond to a geo-
metrical progression, the other two series will also form
such progressions. The author computes analytically the
Card 1/2 interdependence between the series. There are 4 tables,

25(5) SOV/28-59-2-6/26
The Method of Broach Normalization Based on the Preference Number Serie3
and 2 profiles.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy instrumentallnyy
institut (The All-Union Scientific Research Instrumental
Institute)
Card 2/2

28(1)p 25(7)
AUTHOR:
TITLEs
PERIODICAL:
Card 1/2
S/028/60/000/04/007/023
D041/DOO6
Vaksman.-A, V,
Prinoiples of Setting Up Standards for Gear Cutting
oole.y\
X~ 2~- -
Standardizatsiya, 19609 Nr. 4, pp 16-21 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The approval of the
"GOST 1643-56n standard for the tolerances of cylindrical
gearsp has made it necessary to revise the standards for
gear cutting tools (hobs, gear shaper outteraq shavers,
etc.). This work has been done by the Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-
issledovatel'skiy instrumentallnyy institut (All-Union
Scientific Research Tool Institute). All new standards are
based on the same pr#ciples~7 Meollowing parameters
having been consideredl the nominal outer diameters, the
setting holes, the length and number of teethp the dimen-

V
S/028/60/000/04/007/023
D041/DO06
The Principles of Setting Up Standards for Gear Cutting Tools#
sion series of tools, overall and assembly dimensions#
General principles are discussed and illustrated by for-
mulae and tables. There are 4 tablesp and 3 diagrams.
Card 2/2

S/028/60/000/G6/05/02,53
BOI 2/B005
AUTHOR - Vaksman, A- V,
NX
TITLE: Increase inQualiO of Metal-cutting Tools\,\
PERIODICAL: Standartizatsiya, 1960,2ti. 6, pp, 17 - 19
TEXT: The service life of tools depends primarily on the material, In
1958, the Komitet standartov, mer i izmeritelinykh priborov (committee
on Standards, Measureag and Measuring Instruments) charged the
Vaesoy-uznyy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy instrumentalfnyy institut (111-
Union Scientific Research Institute of Tools) to revise the standarde
for metal-cutting tools and to exchange the steel types where necessary.
35 standards were examined. High-speed steel must now be used where the
temperature of processing may attain 6000C, and cobalt high-speed steel
where it attains 6500C, Particularly important is the approval of
EOCT 9373-6o (GOST 9373-60) which includes nine instead of four typee
of high-speed steel. 80-90% of all cuttinj; tools are hard alloy. The
VNII worked out standards for various types of milling tools, hard-
alloy drillsp and round files. The geometrical parameters of the cutting
Card 1/2

Increase in Quality of Metal-cutting Toole B102616010001061051028
B012/BC05
elements are also important for the service life of tools. The old
standards were canceled and considerably altered. Instructions con-
cerning the geometry of cutting tools are being worked out at present,
They have been published for drills, awls, reamers, and taps. The in-
fluence of inexact teeth is noticeable in conical; cylindrical, and
spur-gear cutters, but only under heavy load, It was specified in the V
standards for ooarse-tooth cutters. An increase in the slope angle of
the metal-cutting groove from 25 to 4W6 has a favorable effect on the
vibration resistance. The VNII examined a number of standards concern-
ing the vibration resistance in the system workbench - workpiece - tool.
With respect to the accuracy of tools, the tolerances for awls and
reamers were fixed. The standard on tolerances for gear wheels contain-
ing nine instead of four ranges of accuracy was published in 1956. The
VNII also coordinated the standards for worm cutters and planing tools
with the standards for gear wheels.
Card 2/2

VAKSMAN, AN.
-----------
Standardization of metal-cutting tools. Standartizatsiia 25
no.8:3-7 Ag 161. (MDU 14:7)
(Metal-cutting tools--Standards)

VARSMAN, AN.
History of the development and approval of the standard for toler-
ances. Standartizatstia 26 no.1:16-17 Ja 162. (MIRA 151:1)
(Tolerance (Engineering))

VAKSMAN, A.V.
Development of standards for low-module gear-cutting tools.
Standartizataiia, 26 no.8t7-12 Ag 162. (MIRA 15:8)
(Gear-cutting machines-Standards)

VAKSMAN. Abram Viligellmovich; REMEZOV, N.S., insh., nauchnyy red.;
BALOYAN, L.G., red. izd-va; MATVMVA, A.Ye., tekhn. red.
[Cylindrical cutters with inBerted high-speed steel blades)
Frezy tsilindricheskie so vstavnymi nozhami iz bystrorezhu-
shchei stali. Moskva, Standartliz, 1963, 49 P-
(MIRA 16:6)
(Metal-cutting tools)

~L_JL4462-6 -
~ACC MR: AP6002972
SOURCE CODE. UR/0286/65/000/024/0147/0148
'INVENTOR: Sinitskjy,.B. A.; Ktiznetsov, V. H.; Vaksman.-A. Z.; Ratnir. A. G.; Vikh-
B. A.; Rimmer A.-I.; Dmitriyevi V. P.; Rikhter, A. A.;
'ORG: none
.-'TITLE: A universal form for hulls in shipbuilding. Class 65, No. 177291
SOUIRCE: Byulleten' izobreteniy i tovarnykh znakov, no. 24, 1965, 147-148
JOPIC TAGS. shipbuilding engineering, marine equipment, ship
'ABSTRACT: This Author's Certificate introduces a universal form for hulls in ship-:
building. The installation includes a foundation with standard elements, e.g. beams,
'stands and frames in a form depending on the members which make up the hull struc-
iture. The installation is designed for convenience in assembly, efficiency in the
,use of production area and economy of metal. The foundation is made up of anchored
Jongitudinal or transverse channel or angle tracks. The projecting horizontal
shelves of the tracks form-T-slots above the level of the foundation by the thick-
'ness of a shelf. The standard elements are made with mating sockets for fastening
UDC: 629.12.002.011 : 621.757
;Card 1/3. -621.791 : 621-783.624

L 14462-66
:ACC NR: AP6002972
1 - foundation; 2 tracks; 3 horizontal-shelves;
4 - standard element; 5 metal units.

'L 1446?--66
ACC NR: AP6002972
to the angle or channel tracks. Detachable metal units are mounted an the standard
elements'.
,SUB CODE: 13/ SUBM DATE: 12Nov64
2
Card*3

VAKSMAK, E.G.
-
; ~ .
Charact3ristics of the circulation of wash and underground
waters In the Karalang Uperimental Melioration Plot. Izv.
Otd. biol. nauk AN Tadsh. SSR no.10-13 163.
(MIRA 17:10)

TBVDOKOHOV. X.Y.; VAKSMAN. Z.Ta.; YUDIN, N.A.
Selecting an effective type of refractory material. Leg.pron.14
no.3:43-45 Mr 154. (XLRA 70)
(Refractory materials)

FAHASYUKI V.I.; ASLANOVA, M.S.p doktor khim, nauk, prof., retsenzent;
TSOY, R.M., kand.tekhn.Dauk, retsenzent; VAMO, E.Ye., inzh.,
retsenzent; PLE11YAUNIKOV, M.N., red.; ZGLVi"AFZV-A, I.Z.x tekhn.
red.
[Chemical control of glass manufacture] Khimicheskii kontroll
proizvodstva stekla. Leningrad, Rastekhizdat, 1962. 195 P.
(MIRA 15:7)
(Glass manufacture-Chemistry)

.~AKSMAN, I.A. (Pskov)
N.N.Bardenko in Pskov. Sov, zdrav. 21 no-4:33-35 162. (141RA 15:5)
(BURDENXO, IIIKOLAI NILOVICH, 1876-1946)

VAKSHO, I.A.
Pokov government rnd
a-;-my in the PatIoAc
84-85 163
(Pskov)
its role in medical
War of 1812. Sovet
servic;,Ito the Russian
zdravooklil~. 12 no.It
(MIRA 17&2)

VAKSHM, 1. A.
A.P. Bellakii, physician, man and citizen. Pediatrila 42 no.8t
96-97 Ag'63 - (MIRA 17:4)

VAKSMAN, K., studanta kurea
Soviet mrbles and limestones In the decoration of Moscov subwajr
stations. Izv. vys. uchey. zav.; geol. I razv. no-3:123-125 Mr 158.
(MIRA 11:10)
1.Moskovskiy gee. pedag"gicheskiy institut'.
(Moscov-Subways)

GELLER, D.S.; VAKSMAH, L.P.
wFixed" Rh antibodies and a method for analyzing them. lisb.dalo
2 no.4:14-18 Jl-Ag 156. (MLRA 9:10)
1. lz laboratorii Mookovskoy gorodakoy otantaii perelivaniya krovi
(nach, A.I.Uspon8kaya) i laboratorii (zav. - prof@ Ya,A*Xost)
bollaitoy imeni S.P.Botkina.
(BIM-4NALYSIS) (ANTIGENS AND ASTIBODIMS)

DERVIZ, G.V.; ASTRAKHAIT, M.N.; VAKSMAN, L.F.
Relation of vArioux proteins to the action of hot solutions of
sulfosalicylic acid Lwith summary in English]. -Biokhtmiin 21
no-1:3-10 Ja-F '58. 04MA 11-3)
1. Biokhimicheekays laboratortya TSentrallnogo*institutR gemntologii
i perelivaniya krovi, Moskv;;.
(BLOCD PROTEINS,
eff. of hot solutions of sulfooalicyltc acid (Rue)
(SALICYLIC ACrD, relsted eDds.
sulfosalicylic ncid in hot solutions, eff. on blood
proteins (Rua)

VAKSMANP M.G., gornyy inzh.; PALIY, I.K., gornyy lnzh.
Light type skip feeding unit. Ugoll Ukr. 6 no.11:35 N 162.
(KM 151U)
1. Shakhta No.21 tresta Krasnoluchugoll.
(Mine hoisting)

- VAKSUMN, -S.A.
Classification of actinomycetes with special reference to Strepto-
myces griseus. Kikrobiologiia 28 no.5:789-793 S-0 159.
(MIR& 13:2)
1. Institut mikrobiologii Hatgerskogo universiteta, gly-a-Brunsvik,
Nlyu Dzhersi, SShA.
(STRMOMYCES)

VAISKAN, Selman. A. [Waksman, Selman. A.]
Age of antibiotics. Zpan-sila 32 no.8:42-43 Ag 157. (NLRA 10: 10)
(Antibiotics)

IOLIN, M.V.; ALEKSEY-EV, V.V.; VAKSMAN, Sh.,.; YEGOROV, B.F.;
STEPASHKIN, N.I.
(Building an automobile bridge lisin; ,:,ecast reinforced
concrete structural elements) Stroi*'-Illstvo avtodorozhnogo
moota iz sborrrjkh zhelezobetonnykii ~(:Tistruktsii. 14oskva,
0-gtransstrol, 1963. 24 p. (MIRA 17:7)

AUTITOR: Plisan, I.G. (Engineer) & Vaksman, S.Kh. (Engineer) 90-3-7/26
TITLE: Rationalisation of the combustion of anthracite dust at the Ifinsk
Heat and Electric Power Station No.3. (Ratsionalizatsiya szhiganiya
antratsitovogo shtyba na Minskoy 7ETS-3)
PERIODICAL: Toploenergetika, 1058, No.3. pp.26-28 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Boilers type T7T-230-2 intended for burning lean coal ivere installed
at Minsk Heat and Electric Power Station No.3. At the station the
boilers were adapted to burn anthracite dust, of the three boilers
two were reconstructed to have liquid ash removal and to operate at
constant high loads. The third boiler had dry ash removal and was
used to follow load variations. The reconstruction of the boilers to
burn anthracite dust, with liquid slag removal is then described.
The general arrangement of the reconstructed boiler with horizontal
slag hearth and two cooled slag holes is illustrated in Fig.l.
Boiler No.l. was reconstructed in this way and operated -with liquid
slag removal for three months. It was found that when combustion
was steady the slag was not liquid enough and the slag holes
clinkered up every three or four days, so that the boiler had to be
stopped for deslagging. Because of this unsatisfactory experience,
in adapting boiler No.3. use was made of the liquid ash removal
arrangements illustrated in Fig.2, which was developed by the Taganrog
Boiler Works and in which the hearth contains four ash holes, one
Card 1/3 of which is especially large, and one slag pit filled with water.

96-3-7/20
Rationalisation of the combustion of anthracite dust at the Minsk Heat and
Blectric Power Station No.3.
The centre turbulent burners were also lowered 2 metres. 117ith this
hearth there was no accumulation of liquid slag on the hearth. The
performance of Boiler No.3. was satisfactory. With a milling
fineness of 7% on an 88 micron sieve the heat loss due to mechaziical
non-combustion is 5.2% and lose with the flue gases 6.0~. The
efficiency of the boiler is 87.7%. The ash hole cooling coil was
unsatisfactory and a new one was constructed as illustrated in Fig.3.
When burning anthracite dust there is a strong tendency for slag to
stick to the heating surfaces, particularly if combustion is good.
Intense slagging of the heating surfaces was observed on boiler No.3.
and this gave rise to very uneven temperature distribution in the
superheater as will be seen from the graphs in Fig.G. Because of ash
deposits it was necessary to shut down the boiler to prevent damage
to the tubes. Attempts to remove the deposits by hand were
unsuccessful, but the problem has now been partially solved by
short periods of washing with water at a prosaurc of 10 atms idiilst
the boiler is operating. This does not endanger the superheater
tubes. Tube slagging was not observed on boilers operating with
dry ash removal. There was also inteusive ash deposition an Vile
tail heating surfaces in the gas temperature range 450 - 6500C.
Card 2/3 The output of the boiler was indeed limited because of the increased

96-3-7/2G
Rationalisation of the combustion of anthracite dust at the Minsk Reat and
Electric Power Station No.3.
resistance of the gas ducts. Further improvements were made on
Boiler No.4. which commenced operation in June, 1957. The method of
delivering fuel to the furnace was improved, the embrasures were
reconstructed and conical ends wore used on the burners instead of
cylindrical. Until now air has been used to transport dust to the
furnace, a large part of the heat of the air was used to dry the fuel.
After reconstruction, the air temperature will be increased to 350 -
4000C. The dusty air from the fuel preparation system is passed into
the furnace through special nozzles arranged an shown in Fig.G. The
new conical embrasures are illustrated in Fig.7- The performance of
boiler No.4. after reconstruction is characterised by the following
data. When the fineness of milling is such that there is 10.5%
residue on an 88 micron sieve the heat lose due to mechanical non-
combustion is 4.4g, the heat lost with the flue gas is 6.5% and the
boiler efficiency is 88.5%. The use of liquid ash removal with the
burnerw installed lower down reduces the lose due to mechanical non-
combustion and reduces the temperature of the outgoing flue gas by
20 - 300C. There are 7 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Minsk Beat & Electric Power Station, No.3- (Minskaya T.ETs-3)
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 3/3

C.~-
~ Y~
11
~lx W ~,- ~-

jag N"hanial P
, .1"S.Um
N. Shaahka Vskstagn.
b.w-,TwF.rr. jW in the
the properti- of dajj~ let
t7p& of Iler
w6wing of low~-arbon ote4 we-- re L,,,tmgat, to wWoh the
rod niFed 'Iff-M supp-lomt4ry -------
had, beea Gubjected-8. X.
- MM IN HE HER

30V/32-24-10-65/70
.AUTHORS: Lukin, V. V.; --Tjgi3canr, S. S., Dolzhanz5kiy, A. I., 3erszin, 7. 1,
Malkin, S. Z. ,
TITLE: News in Brief (Kcrotkiye soobshcheniya)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratorlya, 1958, Vol 24, Nr 10, pp 1292-1293 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: V. V. Lukin (Moskovskiy inzhenerno-fizicheskiy institut) (Moscow
Technological-Physical Institute) suggests a new method of de-
termining the maximum plasticity of metals by the destruction
of crosspieces (obtained by the drilling of two holes at the ends
of the metal piece to be investigated). The crosspieces are
destroyed by pressing a special instrument into the bore holes
(Figure). The tests are carried out with the testing machine
.-5. The measurements of the crosspiece prior to and after the
test are carried out by means of a metallographical microscopee
The idea of this testing method comes from M. P. Markoverts(Ref 1),
S. S. Vaksman (Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellsk-'ty institut
avtogennoy obrabotki metallov) (All-Union Scientific Research
Institute for the Autogenous Treatment of Metals) mentions that
at this institute an electric furnace with a capacity of 15 kg
Card 1/3 was constructed for the melting of cast-iron and non-ferrous

SOV/32-24-10-65/70
flews in Brief
metals. The highest operation temperature of the furnace is
16000, the current being supplied by a transformer = -34,
A. 19 Dolzhanskiy (zavod "Elektrostall") ("Elektrostall"
Factory) wrote that the crack detector according to L. K.
Talvochenko, V, Va Lyndir. et a!. (Ref 1) was completed. Ar,,::-,-rding
to a suggestion by the foreman A. A9 Polyakov two permanent
magnoto ft9all were used for the holding de-,ricev
V, I* Berozin, S. Za Malkin complotod tho laboratory jaw ;r-.3'shar'r
58w&*. To secu-r.e a higher re-aintivi ty the caning will '),- mnfl-~
of steel type St~,25-451S. The other modifications are explain;~d
by diagrams.
T. I. Moldaver (Berdskiy radio-zavod) 003rt* wireless Factory)
rcoommends the use of.Teflon rings of a thickness of 2 mm -4-
carbon analysea in Mdrs furnaces to protect the rubber seallng6
on the porcelain tubes.
There axe 3-figures and 2 references,:. which are Scvi~ito
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy inzhenerno-fizicheskiy institut (Moscow Technol,)Gfcal
Physical Institute); Vse8oyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy
institut avtogennoy obrabotki metallov (All-Union Research
Institute for the Autogenous Treatment of Metals); zavod
"Elektrostall" ("Elektrostall" Factory); Berdskiy radioza,,-cd
Card 2A.

SOV/32-24-lo-65/71~
News in Brief (terdakWireleos Faotory)
Card 3/3

VAKSMAN, S.S,,, An3h.; RVAL"-'hi. FtI.K., tekhr.
Lov tp-mprjrat,,L-c weld.rip of c-,4s% -'ron a
Ticygen flame. -Evar. proflvu. r,~~9,22-21 ~i I (". . ~ -'. 17; '.~ )*
1. Vaesoyuznyy nouchno-:Ls sicd ovatel ' .9kly '-na';I-tut av,~cgennny
obrabatki. motailor.

SHASHKOV~ A.111,, kand. tekhn. nauk, NFUJASOV, Yu,l,, inzh.; VAKSMAN, S.S.,
.1! ?h. -;-... - ~
Coated wire for steel welding with a propane.-butane-cxjgen
flame. Svar. proizv. no.M26-28 0 165. (MIRA 18:10)
1. Vseaoyuznyy nauchno-lssledovatellskiy institut avtogennogo
mauhinostro,yeniye.

VAIMKAN, V.; TOKM, A.
Organizing housing construction with the participation of workers
and employees. Sots.trud 4 n0-1:73-76 Ja '59-
(MIRA 12:2)
(labor and laboring class es-Dwell ings)

o1
0 a 94
-M

L Q505 IJP(c) . TG ~
NN' AT6o25454 SOURCE CODEt UR/209/65/ooo/22z/oo4J#/oo4?
AUTHORs Vj~ Oman ~V- So
ORGs none
TIT12i Ono class of problems in the theory of reliability J
SOURCEs Moscow.. Institut inzhenerov zholeznodorozhnogo transporta, Trudy, no. 222,
1965o Nekotoryye voprosy goometrii i gidrodinamiki (Some prob~ems-in geometry and
hydrodynamics), 44-47
TOPIC TAGSt realijLbility theory, mathematic analysis
ABSTRACT: The greatest practical advantage in using the results of the theory of
reliability is the possibility of not having to carry out a groat numbor of
experiments. However, the possibility of narrow-ing down the field of experimontation
thanks to a knowledge of the physical properties of a piece of apparatus has evidently
not been studied at all. The present article is devoted to a mathematical
consideration of this question. The article considers a piece of apparatus Whose
state at any given moment of time is described by a quantity xwhich is called the
load, Thus, every possible manner of using the apparatus over a period of time can be
described by a function x(t), o.:!~ t e,-oo, which is called the trajectory of the load*
The total class of permissible trajectories is designated as M. The general problem
Card

L 09505-67
XCd 14R, AT6025454
6 1
-onsists in seeking an operator (P , determined with M, such that 9 (x) = p(t) is the
lifferential function of the distribution of the timo of continuous operation of the
ipparatus, described by the trajectory x, After an extended mathematical exposition
%*.author arrives at the expression
xdt
exp dt.
fere'r As any given moment of time. Orig. art. hast none.
WD CODEs 127 SUBK DAM none
Card

,w
A .4-- q, - M
V
0
Construction Industry - Management
Production planning and scheduling.. and record keeping by naster-foremen. Stroi.
prom. 30, no. 5, 1952.
SO: Month List of Russian Accessions., Library of Congress., September 19j, Uncl.

ISAYEV., V.Ya. - VAKSMAN V Ye (deceased]; IVANOV, A.K. j BUDO.. A.S.;
-kT ' y
FAKT6RtTRF,- -, tekhn. nauk, nauchxW red.;
GERASIMOVA, G.S., red. izd-.va; BOROVNEV, H.K., tekhn. red.
[Consolidation and specialization in the building or niza-
, pra cee
tions of the Vain Leningrad Construction Trust; cri
and economic effectiveness] Ukruplenie i spetsializa siia
s
stroitelInykh organizatsii v Glavleningradstroe; opyt i eko-
nomicheskaia effektivnosti. Moskva, Gos. izd-vo lit-ry po
stroit., arkhit. i stroit. materialam, 1960. 74 p.
(MIRA 15:2)
(Construction industry)

[Yaksman, 1U.N.1; LISHAK, Feliks losifovich
[Lyshak, F.I.]; KOCHERGA, M., red.; PATSALTUK, P., tekbn.red.
[Economist's handbook] Dovidnvk bospodaruyka. Kyiv, Dersh.
vyd-vo tekbn. lit-r7 URSR. 1958. 388 P. OGRL 12:1)
(1conomics)

Sefectioa- of 'ridocial typO Of rtfrirtOIL_~f..
k1mov. H, Va. vaksman. anw-17-rl.- 7MICT111. UjitaY4
nrom 14 'No" 3F
13:n9&0 7 Ic TIT co ti tit itious
fumac I~Cltill'ff ~Umhta, bqrosil"teljv~s flued Willi clectro-
fvu~cd quartz blocks from the Loniobacov Wurk4 lcutctl 121
days, tompated with 14 days for mullite blocks~ 02 days for
kaolin blucks, inul 42 da" for quartzb1ccks from Vrazhaayx
Gotka, Wocks. Fivara(u" bloc*3 were suouclUthic and
had ood heat toml. (uuLAdctmp. of wall bloc" was u4out
6604: tbij v;m.va the Udj=cnt &Ssuicit to beccumuc COGI
and mare vi-avowi. thux dtcreuing!mtrursion of b1ccka, Sf)ly.
'of qtiuztz In gliu;i was 0.05%. Av. dt-vl-aiva of Mv (lur-
ing the entire procehl was 0,38%. B. Z. Ka inlich

-.-r
'Aw -g. A.
v
km ,
"Antaionl= mikrobov i antibioticheskiye ve--,hebestva (Microbial Intagonism
to Antibiotics)p translated frcr. the Engli-h by M. G. Brazbnikova, under editorial
supervision of Professor 0. F. Cawe, Tzd. inostr. lit., Moscovp 1947

VAKSOV, v,Vo (Moskva)
, , & m. 26
itching circuits- AvtOm- ' tule
Tests for nonrepetitive Ow (MIRA 18:6)
no.3s521-524 W 165-
.4

VAFTAj T,.
Problems of our bitunen production. p. 39.
(MAGYAR K MKUSCK LAPJA, Budapest, Vol. 10, no. 2, Feb, 1955.)
SOt Nontbly list of East ~-vropean Accessions, (EEAL), LC, Vol. h, no. X, jan 19551
bncl.

Ta=OV, S.P.; X~31, A.B., kand.goograf.nauk; ITINA, M.A., kand.istor.
nauk; ANDRIANOV, B.V., kand.istor.nauk; MMANKO, T.A., kand.
istor.nouk; VISMOVSKATA, O.A., naucbnyy sotrudnik; JWUR~KAYA,
U.N., kand.istor.nauk. Prinimali uchastiye LEVIU, L-77711"~-
8-161"Plrantka; TRUDKOVSKAYA, S.A.; DAVIDOVICH, Ye.A., kand.iotor.
nauk; ANMIA OV, B.V., red.izd-va: LERIMA, L.A., tekhn.red.
[The lower reaches of the Amu Darya, the Sarykamysh and the Usboy;
history of their formation and settlement] Nizov'ia AMM-Derli,
Barykamysh, Uzboi; istoriia formirov'aniia i zeselaniia. Pod
obahchei red. S.P.Tolstova. Moskva, 1960. 346 p. (Materialy
Khorezmakoi ekspeditaii, no.3). (KIRA 14:2)
1. Akademiya nauk SIM. Institut etnografii. 2. Chlen-korrespon-
dent AN SSSR (for Tolstov). 3. Institut stnografii AN SWR (for
Levina). 4. Almdemlya nauk Tedzhikokoy SM (for Davidovich).
(Amu Darya Valley)

J-1
via, r,
d ad IN ORwmmvum cepwHy
man
Soo
6wottv r! tA a**
OWN" & 464M
POWIRCO a* coo
Ig
Co. An.
of pipwsfs 1- '900
4*4
goo
sabova .4 0 G*v 044 0" All
0 IL A-AALO 0

VAKULA, I., gvardii ma7or; STAROSTIN, N., kapitan; CHEMOOVSKIT. I., Impitan.
Record of the combat training of a company; discussion of Colonel
V.Sviderakii's article. Voen.vest.35 no.5:47-50 MY 155. (MIRA 9:7)
(Russia-ArmV--Infantry)

MKFaaWV, Aleksey Grigorlyevich-, VAVJLA, I.T.. otv.red.; RTAZANTMA,
MA, red,; KMOCH, X.G., ~tislchn.red,
[Variable equalizers] Paremennys vyrevnivateli. Moskva.
Gos.izd-vo lit-ry po voprosam sviazi i radio, 1960. 65 p.
(MIRA 13:5)
(Telecommmication) (Xiectric lines)

5 (2), 5 (4)
AUTHORS; Voyutskiy, B.S., Vakula, V.L. SOV/74-28-6-3/5
TITLE: Modern Views on the Adhesion of High Polymers (Sovremennyye
vzglyady na adgeziyu i7sokopolimerov)
PERIODICAL; Uspekhi khimii, 1959, Vol 26, Ur 6, pp 701 - 740 (USSR)
.ABSTRACT: It is the object of the present paper to give a survey, as com-
plete as possible, of the papers on the adhesion of high poly-
mers. Principal attention is paid to the adhesion of high poly-
mers to high polymers, as this problem is most important from
the standpoint of national economy. Table I indicates various
on of their purpose. The data
adhesives with a short descripti
'
are taken from reference 1. The tirm "adhesion" usually refers
to the adherence of 2 different contacting substances. Adhesion
is divided into 2 types: 1) the specific or real adhesion re-
presenting a force of attraction between the adhesive and the
adhesive surface, and 2) the mechanical adhesion where the ad-
heaive enters the pores of the adhesive material and is kept
there mechanically in a hardened state. Tile first type occurs
in case of perfectly smooth and compact surfaces and is caused
by the specific interaction between adhesive and substrate mo-
Card 116 lecules. The second type is characteriatic for porous or crack-

Modern Views on the Adhesion of High Polymers SCV/"4-2F,-e1-3,!1r
ed surfaces and is caused by mechanical factors. T-hc. r-art play-
ed by the nechanical factors in stickinE porous materials waa
discussed in detail in the papers (Refs 20-22). The d.:)t~rrina-
tion of adhesive power con3ist3 of.kwu proceasos: 1)
lishine a contact between adhesive-,A'a substrate surface; 2)
separating these surfaces, and determininE the force required
for the separation (Ref 23). Dependin- on the kind of destruc-
tion of the connection, 3 tYPes of separation are distir6ulsh-
ed: 1) adhesion separation when a complete separation into
layers takes place between adhesive and substrate, 2) cohesion
separation when the crack either runs through the adhesive or
through the substrate, and 3) mixed separation when the sepa-
ration of the two materials occurs partly in the place of the
original contact, partly through the adhesive or substrate.
The quantitative determination of adhesion can only be carried
out on the basis of adhesion separation as otherwise the cohe-
siveness of one of the components would be determined. The
quantitative determination of adhesion of polymers can be car-
ried out - just as in case of "autohesion" (autogeziya) - by
means of separation, or separation into layers. The methods of
Card 2/6 determining the adhesive power were .described in references 1,

Modern Viewe on the Adhe9ion of HiCh Folyme-ra SOV/74-28-6-3/5
8,14,23-39. For the case of a contact betwoon two liquidia, tho
theory of adhesion has been nearly perfectly developed. For the
case of a contact between solids and liquids, different authors
suggested different methods of determination (Refs 40-43)- In
determining adhesion between two solids, the nonequilibrium. ad-
hesion function is determined by ordinary methods of separation,
and separation into layers. It has been attempted recently ('Ref
44) to determine the equilibrium adhesio n function between so-
lids indirectly. Former papers on adhesion (Refs 45-50) have a
purely empiric character, and are o-f little importance to the
theoretical understanding of*specific adhesion of hiE;h poly-
mers. The adsorption theory of adhesion has been widely spread
abroad. This theory explains adhesion by Van der 'Waals inter-
action between molecules of adhesive and substrate (111efs 52-61)-
This theory was further developed in the papers (Refs 8,26,3 " ,
57-74). To explain the facts which do not fit into th,a frame of
the adsorption theory, DeryaGin and Krotova (Refs 8,73,74) sug-
gested the electric adhesion theory. Mmny circumstances point
to the presence of electrical phenomena at the separation of
sticked surfaces (Refs 25,33,73-82). Although the electric ad-
Card 3/6 hesion theory is superior in some points to the adsorption

Modern Views on the Adhesion of High Polymers SOY/74-2-0-6-3/5
theory, it can be applied to the case of adhesion of hieh poly-
mers with r9striction only (Refs 8,83-88). In recent years, the
diffusion theory has been suGgested (Refs 18,83,88). It is
based on the essential peculiarities of high polymers, cq
chain structure and elasticity of macromolecules, whereby the
.latter can change their configuration due to thermal motion.
Other papers concerned with this theory are references 18,2'1,
78,83-101. The investiZation of the effect exerted by tha cej.,,-
ditions of formation of the jointinf; seam on the adhe3ion of
high polymers, the testina of the jointing seam, the dimensicns,
shape and polarity of the macromolecules, as well a3 a number
of technological factors, confiri; the correctness of the dif-
fUS4on theory. In considerinG the effect exerted an adhesion by
tho conditions for the formation of the jointing seam, the fol-
lowing factors are taken into consideration: the contact time
between adhesive and substrate (Refs 83,102), the pressure
(Refs 31,84,102), the temperature of adherence or of the ther-
mal treatment of the sticking seam (Refs 59,61,83), the con-
tent of solvent in the adhesive (Ref 103), the thickness of ad-
Card 4/6 hesive layer (Refs 8,21,31,51,104-113), the surface relief of

Modern Views on the Adhesion of HiGh Polymers SOV/74-26-6-3/5
the adhesive (Ref 8). In investigating the effect exerted on
adhesion by the testing conditions,,the following factors are
considered: the effect of the separation rate (Refs 8,23,26,
114), of the temperature (Refs 6,147), of the exposure to the
action of X- and gamma rays (nef 8), of the Geometric dimen-
sions of the sticking surface (Refs 115,31)- In investigating
the effect exerted on adhesion by the character of the adhe-
sive and of the substrate (Refs 54,59,116), the molecular
weight (Refs 57,59,116), the form of molecules (Refs 16,57,59,
1 1), and the polarity of molecules (Refs 57,59,116) are con-
sidered. Besides, some technological factors play a decisive
part.; application of one solvent common to the adhesive and
the substrate (Ref 118)., introduction of plasticizers into
the adhesive (Refs 8,58 9,84,114), introduction of fillers in-
to the adhesive (Ref 84~, comparison of adhesion and co-vul-
canization (Refs 1,9,102,120,121), the storage of rubber mix-
tures before doubling.(Refs 28,84,102). There are 8 figures,
7 tables, and 121 references, 59 of which are Soviet.
Card 5/6

Modern Views on the Adhesion of High Polymers SOV/74-2S-G-3/5
ASSOCIATION: 11.1oskovakiy in-t tonkoy 1-himicheskoy 'tekhnolo,-,ii im. 1Y.. V.
11
Lomonosova (Iloccow Inotitute of Fine Cherical Tcchr-DloL~,
LT. V. Lomonosov)
Card 6/6

VOYUTSXIY, S.S.; VAKULA., V.L.
Adhesion of high polymers. Part 5: Adhnsion of synthetic
rubbers to various high molecular weight substrates. Vysokon..
sood. 2 no.1:51-60 Ja '60. (MIRA 13:5)
1. 14oskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheakoy tekhnologil ineni
M.T.Lomonosova.
(Rubber, Synthetic) (Polymers) (Adhoelon)

16~ 1124 UO~
AUTHORS: L..,. Khe Yunt-tszuy,
83812
S/190/60/002/005/002/015
B004/BO67
Gull, V. Ye., Voyutskiyj
_k2jZmers'. VI. Effect of the Molecular Welght
TITLE: Adhesion of
of Butadiene Acr Copolymers of Different Polari-
ty on Adhesion to Polar and Apolar Substrato
14
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 5,
. pp. 636-645
TEXT: The purpose of this paper was to study the influence exorted by
the molecular weight at constant polarity, as well as the influence of
polarity at constant molecular weight and the influence of temperature
on adhesion. For this purpose, commercial butadiene acrylonitrile co-
polymers (rubbers) of the types CIK14-18 (SKN-.18)p rKH-26 (SKN-.26), and
C K14-40 (SKN-40) were isolated from benzene solutions by means of methanol
fractions. Table 1 gives the molecular weights and the acrylonitrile con-
tent of the fractions determined from the nitrogen content. The fractions
were glued onto a polar polyam1de (caDrone film Perfol of the typeYK--4
(PK-4) or onto apolar polybutylene (m~lecu ar weight 118,000) at room
-Card 1/3

Adhesion of Polymers. VI. Effect of the S/190/60/002/005/002/015
Molecular Weight of Butadiene Acrylonitrile B004/B067
Copolymers of Different Polarity on Adhesion
to Polar and Apolar Substrate
temperature according to the method described in Ref. 8~ Some samples
were heated to 50 - 2000C for 30 min under load and, aft6K they had cool-
ed the layers were separated by means of a dynamometer of the TsNIKZ
(Central Scientific Research Institute of the Leather-footwear Industry).
The experimental data are given in Figs. 1-5 and Table 2. The results in-
terpreted in terms of the diffusion theory are given. With increasing
molecular weight the adhesion of each of the copolymers decreased to a
certain limit of the molecular weight (300,000 - 350,000). With still
higher molecular weight it remained approximately constant. With in-
creasing temperature, adhesion of the fractions increased and attained
almost the cohesion stability of the polymer fraction. The temperature at
which this stability was attained was lower with lower molecular weight,
If the glued sample was not heated, adhesion of the copolymers to the
polyamide depended only little on the polarity of the copolymer. Heated
gluedisamples were dependent on polarity. With decreasing content of
polar groups adhesion increased. The weaker adhesion of the more strongly
polar copolymers to the strongly polar polyamide is exDlained by a pure-
4 ~inqjic effect, i..e., by the low flexibility of the macromclecules

8382.2
Adhesion of Polymers. VI. Effect of the Molecular S/190/60/002/005/002/015
Weight of Butadiene Acrylonitrile Copolymers B004/Bo67
of Different Polarity on Adhesion to Polar and
Apolar Substrate
of such polymers and the intensive cross--linking that suppresses diffu--
sion. The adhesion of commercial butadiene acrylonitrile copolymers which
are not separated into fractions, to polyamide in non-heated glued samples
did not depend on the content of polar groups but on the content of frac-
tions of different molecular weight. At higher temperatures, adheaicrL
depended on polarity. The adhesion of the copolymers to the apolar sub -
strate (polyisobutylene) is low and depends neither on polarity and
molecular weight nor on temperature. There are 5 figures, 2 tables, and
18 references: 15 Soviet and 3 British.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnolcgii im..
M. V. Lomonosova
(Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology imeni
M. V. Lomonosov)
SUBMITTED: December 30, 1959
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J 00 2/190/60/002/01J/01-/027
AUTHORSs Vo tnkiyD S. S., Vakula, V~ L,$ z3walaya; Itz I.,
... ~ - .. - .I-A*
TITLE Ldhesion`~*of Polymara, V11. Adheigion of Carboxylated Polymers
lb-D'itferent Types of Substratea
PERIODICAM Vysokomolekulyarnyya aoyedineniya, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 11,
pp. 1671 - 1677
TEXTt The authors studied the offeet of the carboxyl group on the
adhesion of qtyrpAg _Kubt~q:rs`to polar polyamide (Perfol type 11-L,(-4"(PX-4))
and to nonpolar polyethylene. In tire cord impregnated with carboxylated
butadiene-styrene latex a stronger bond wao obaerved between rubrier and
cord than Is provided by impregnation with ordinary butadiene-styrene
latex. The joint betwe e~ n copolymer and substrate was prepared by a method
described in Ref. 10. The quantitative determination of adhocilon was made
at room temperature and a constant separation rate of 0-3 ca,/H~,o b-.y means
of an "adhesiometer" of T8NIKZ. Resistance in g/cm (oppo3ed by'tile joint
to separation) was taken-'a's the measure of adho3ion. 1) The effent of the
Oard -1//4
:3e

Adhesion of Polymers. VII. Adhesion o1 5/190.1'60/002/9-, ~/C,'13,1027
-CarboXylated Polymers to Different Typea of BOOWBo6o'
carboxy-1 group contant on adhaeiott to polyawidt~ was fir.~~ examined on
butadiene-ntyrene rubber with 1.25, 3.5, and 7% mnethacryl,'.c acid, the
re8ult being ahown by Pig~ 1.
Vig.lx of joint
between polyamide and 06POIJiLITV Of
butadiene"with atyrene and methacrylic
a,--.id--',at )b% atyt-ene content and vRrying
Mettiacrylic acid oontlenL
-r 30-inin
Ij initial joint.3; 2 joint-'j aftc
heating up to 75 0) heat ~.reatment up
to 1001C; 41 to 125 0C; 5, to 1250C.
s,~cand seriea o" taeasiAi-3-mant!i waa made
(at 30 StY~ceni~~ contenL) with ~a:Ahacrylic
acid content between 0 10%IT rig. 3.
j
Me-11-b-acirlaoid AMA.%
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Adhonion of Polymer@, vile Adhesion of
Carboxylated Polymers to Different Types of
Substrates
0/19q/60/002/0111/013/027
B004/Bo6o

FiA,31 P an a function oF methaorylic acid cen-
C" tent, for 30% styrene content in the copolymer.
Adhesion to polyamide.
Furthermore, the styrene content w4s varied

L between 0 and 50% at a constant methaerylic
acid content of 1.25%. 2) AdhesionAo poly-
ethylene was studied under equal conditions
(varying the methacrylic acid content from 0
to 10%, the styrene content likewise from 0 to
160 50%). The results interpreted in the light of
the diffusion theory are as follows: 1, The
9 2 4
: beat adhesion between butadiene-styrone-
1
6
'Y4 % methacrylic acid copolymer and polyamide was
oIT6_6i_'V6d- i~t -i 'me'thacrymce acid content of 0.3 to 1.25%. When the joint is
heatedt the maximum shifts toward higher methacrylic acid contents. A good
initial compatibility was observed between polar rubberjand the polyamide,
but it deteriorated with i ncreasing methacrylic acid content due to
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Adheeion--o-f Polymers. VII. Adhesion .-- of 3/19 6-0/00-2/01/013/027
Carboxylated Polymers to Different Types of B004yi-3060 4
Substrates
stiffening ofithe chain and consequently reduced diffusion. 2 1!Increase of~
styrene conteAt to above 10% reduces the adhesion values due t? stiffening
of the molecuiar chain- 3, Adhesion to nonpolar polyethylene ia low,
except for samples with small methaerylic acid and 8tyrerie contonts. The
adheBion is independent of the polar component content or atyrone content
and of heating temperature. The low values are caused here by the
incompatibility of the polar rubber and the nonpolar polyethylpne. The
authors thank B. A. Dolg9pLRqk and V. N. Huykh for having aupp~ied the
rubber eampl so ere are 4 figures, 2 tables, and 10 referenobst
7 Soviet, 2 US, and 2 British.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnolog~i im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Finle..C-hemlc4l
Technology imeni M. V. Lomono.aov)
SUBMITTEDi May 9, 1960
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AUTHORS: Voyutakiy. S. S. Vakula. V. L. B/153160/003/01/051/058
BO11/BOO5
TITLE., Adhesion9of Synthetic Rubbers to Different High-molecular
Substrata
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysehikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Khimiya i khimicheskaya,
tekhnologiya, 1960, Vol 3, Nr 1, pp 186-189 (USSR)
TEXT: The authors report on determination results with respect to the
adhesion of a greater number of caoutchoucs of various kinds to polar and non-
polar substrata: films of cellophane, polyamides, and polyethylene, and to
2 elastomers: polar caoutchouo SKN-40 and nonpolar polyioobutylene. Adhesion
was expressed by the resistance P to layer separation of the films in 9/cm. A
dynamometer of type TsNIKZ (Teentralinyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut
zamenitele kozhi (Central Scientific Research Institute of Leather Substitutg
(Refs 2, 3~ was used to separate the layers at room temperature and at a separation
Velocity Of 0.3 cm/sec. A table (p 188) lists the results obtainede These data
may be divided into 3 groups concerning: 1) a purely cohesive layer separation
(these data characterize the cohesive strength of caoutchouc, K); 2) a purely
adhesive layer separation (these data characterize the binding strength - adhesion,
A); 3) a mixed type of layer separation (S). Type K comprises nearly all luted
samples with sodium-butadiene/caoutchouc and most samples with SKBM-50 butadiene
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Adhesion of Synthetic Rubbers to Different High- S/153/60/003/01/051/058
molecular Substrata B010005
caoutchouo. The high adhesion of SKB-50-sodium-butadiene caoutchouc is probably
due to the relatively low molecular weight and the aoarce and sufftiently long
branchinge of its macromolecules. The lower adhesion of sodium-butadiene caout-
chouc to polyethylene is due to the crystallinity and high density of the
molecular packing of polyethylene. Therefore, the macromolecules of the adhesive
cannot diffuBe into the depth of the substratum. The data of the table contra-
dict the current opinion that the adhesive propertiee of sodium-butadiene
caoutchouc are bad. As is known, the molecules of SKBM-50-butadiene caoutchouc
are little branched. Therefore, its adhesion is weaker than that of SKB-50, For
all pairs of substances luted together with the same adhesive, which show a de-
struction of type K, the resistance to layer separation is nearly equal and in-
dependent ofthe nature of the substratum (exception: SKB-50 with cellophane).
Among the luted samples, which are destroyed according to type A, isoprene caout-
chouc shows a higher adhesion to all substrata than natural caoutchouc. The
weak adhesion of natural oaoutchouc is the more astonishing as it possesses ex-
cellent adhesion to itself. Butadiene-styrene caoutchouc with low styrene content
(SKS-30) shows a much lower adhesion than pure butadiene caoutchouc. In the
copolymer SKS-30, the molecular chains become much stiffer under the influence
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Adhesion of Synthetic Rubbers to Different Hi(;h- 3/153/60/003/01/051/058
molecular Substrata BO11/BOO5
of pb:nyl side groups# and diffusion is Inhibited, A higher styrene content
(abov '30%) reduces adhesion even more* An increase in methyl-styrene groups
in butadione-methyl-styrene caoutohoucs weakens their adhesion. The introduction
of methyl groups into the polymer reduces adhesion in-most oases, obvioualy
by decreasing flexibility of the chain. P01yiBobutylene shows a higher adhesion
to all substrata than natural caoutcho- but a lower adhesion than SKB-50 and
SKBM-~50- Polar butadiene agrylonitrilercaoutohoue SKN-40 shows a comparatively
high adhesion to polar substratal.and a very weak adhesion to nonpolar ones.
This is explained by the mutual solubility of adhesive and substratum in the
former case, and their insolubility in the latter* Nonpolar adhesives generally
show good adhesion to polar and nonpolar substrata. A very bad adhesion of-
polymers to polyethylene film is striking. There are I table and 9 references,
6 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimioheskoy tekhnologii im.
M. V. Lomonosoval Kafedra kolloidnoy khimii
(Moscow institute of Fine Chemical Technology imeni M. V. Lomonosov;
Chair of Colloid ChemistryT_
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Adhesion of Synthetic Rubbers to Different High-
molecular Substrata
SUBNITTED: April 24, 1959
S/15 60/003/01/051/058
B011YBOO5
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" I
I
I N

3
S/643 A&00/000/002/007
E040/E485
AUTHORS- Voyutskiy, S.S., Va--kula, V_.~;L., Gull, V.Ye~,
Ho Yun-tsui
TITLE-. Effect of molecular weight, polydispersiveness and
polarity of high polymers on their adhesion to high-
molecular substrata
SOURCE: Konferentsiya po poverkhnostnym. silam. Moscow, 1960.
Issledovaniya v oblasti poverkhnostnyxn s.11; sbornik
dokladov na konferentsii. Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961.
At head of title: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Institut
fizicheskoy khimii. 55-65
TEXT: Because in previous studies of the adhesive properties of
high polymers, no differentiation was made of the effects on
adhesion of the two individual factors on which it depends, i.e.
molecular weight and polarity, an investigation was carried out at
the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology imeni
M.V.Lomonosov on the effect of the molecular weight at constant
polarity, of the effect of the polarity at a constant molecular
weight. as well as of the effects of other factors on the adhesion
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~1897
1
S/ 43/61/000/000/002/007
Effect of molecular weight ... E040/E485
of polymers to polar and non-polar substrata. Furthermore, the
results obtained were compared with data obtained for polydisperse
products. The investigation was made on specimens of butadiene-
acrylonitrile copolymers with various concentrations of the
olar component in the macro-molecule (nitrile rubbers CV.H-18
KNI-18), C.XH-26 (SKN-26) and CKH-40 (SKN-40)). Molecular
N
weight was determined by the light dispersion method, while the
acrylonitrile content, which varied from about 19 to 40%, was
calculated from the nitrogen content. A polyamide substratum was
used in the tests designed to elucidate the effect of molecular
weight on adhesion and a polybutylene substratum was used In
examining the effect of polarity. Adhesion between the various
polymer fractions and the substrata was determined at a constant
rate of separation (0-3 cm/sec) using an apparatus designed at the
TsNIKZ (Ref.9: S.S.Voyutskiy, V.M.Zamazly, Kolloidn. zh., 1953,
v-15, 407 and Ref.llg A.I.Shapovalova, S.S.Voyutsk-iy.,
A.P.Pisarenko. Kolloidn. zh., 1956, v.18, 485). Test specimens
were prepared as described previously by two of the present
authors (Ref.33 Vysokomolekul. soyedineniya, 1960, v.2, 51),
Some spec.,mens were also cured under load at the tsmperatures of
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3 8
S/643/61 000/000/002/007
Effect of molecular weight E040/P85
50, 100, 150, 175 and 2000C for 30 minutes, cooled to room
temperature and then tested for the dependence of adhesion on the
specimen temperature. It was found that the adhesion of
butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers to polyamide substrata
diminishes with rising molecular weight of the copolymer and then
remains constant for molecular weights exceeding 300 to 350 thousand,
The adhesion of all specimens was found to be considerably improved
with rising curing temperature. This applies especially to the
lower molecular weight fractions (transition from adhesive to
cohesive bond type). Curves were plotted for the variation of
adhesion of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers to polyamide
substratum as a function of the concentration of the polar groups
(acrylonitrile). It was found that, at room temperature, the
strength of adhesion depends little on the polar groups. However,
if the temperature of the contact is raised to 1500C. adhesion
drops sharply with increasing polarity and, conversely, the
strength of adhesion rises rapidly with curing temperature as the
polarity of the specimens is decreased. A theoretical
explanation is given of this dependence. Adhesion data from tests
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31897
S/643/61/000/000/002/007
Effect of molecular weight ... E040/E48.5
on polyamide base of various fractions of butadiene-acrylonitrile
copolymers were compared with those obtained in parallel tests of
the adhesion of non-fractionated products (polydisperse). It was
found that, in the first case, adhesion of contacts at room
temperature is practically independent of polarity but that in
the second case of polydisperse fractions, the strength of adhesion
diminishes with increasing content of the polar acrylonitiiie group.
At elevated temperatures, the effect of polarity on adhesion is
identical for non-fractionated products and the fra,,~.tions with
molecular weight of about 320000. An examination oi the influence
of the nature of substrata on the adhesion of polymers of different
molecular weights and polax-ities showed that the adhesion of polar
adhesives to non-polar substrata is rather low and is independ-~-nt
of the molecular weight and polarity of the adhesive and the
temperature of the contact. V.I.Tsvetkov and V.Petrova are
mentioned in the article in connection with their contributions in
this field. There are 8 figures, 2 tables and 32 referenc-es-
22 Soviet-bloc, 3 Russian translations from nozi-Soviet-blo-
publications and 7 non-Soviet-blol-, The four most rec-ent
references to English language publ.irat:ons read as followc..
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31~97
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Effect of molecular weight E040/ W 5
Ref.13: W.G.Forbes, L.A-McLeod. IRI Tran'sadtions, v.341, 1958, 154;
Ref.16: A.Litken, R.M.Barrer. Trans..Faraday Soc., v-51, 1955, 116;
Ref.19: F.Bueche. J. Chem. Phyp., v.20, 1952, 1959;
Ref-30: J.Rutzler. Adhesives Age, 1959, v.2, no.6, 39; 1959, v.2,
no-7, 28.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii
im. M.V.Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M.V.Lomonosov)
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'2.2. 0 0
AUTHORS%
22569
S/1 90J61/003/005/012/014
BVT/B220
Vakula, V. L., Tutorekiy, I. A,, Smelaya, N. I., Smelyy, Z.,
Voyutskiy, S. S.
TITLE: Adhesion of polymers. VIII. Adhesion to polyamide of graft
ana modified polymers obtained from carboxylic butadiene
styrene rubbers and 6.-caprolactam and its derivatives
PERIODICAM Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, v. 3, no. 5, 1961, 775-782
TEXTs B. A. Dogadkin et al. (Kolloidn. Zh. 20, 43, 1958) proposed an in-
termediate polymer as binding agent in order~_Tto increase the binding
strength between natural and butadiene styrene. The diffusion of the
chains of the natural rubber of the graft polymer into the natural rubber
and the diffusion of the butadiene styrene rubber chains into the butadiene
styrene rubber would give a firm bond. Correspondingly, the graft polymers
produoed by V. A. Kargin, Kh. U. Ustanov, and B. I, Aykhodzhayev from
styrene and viscose showed a strong adhesion to rubber. Thus, graft and
modified polymers on the basis of carboxylic butadiene styrene rubbers
(CBSR) and &-caprolactam and its derivativee would be able to increase the
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22569
S/190/61/003/005/012/014
Adhesion of polymers... B11O/B220
adhesion of CBSR to polyamide considerably. The authors studied the ad-
hesive properties of the above graft and modified polymers whose synthesis
has been described previously by the second author (Ref. 3: Mezhdunarodnyy
Simpozium po makromolekulyarnoy khimii (international Symposion of Macro-
molecular Chemistry), Moscow, June 1960, sektalya III, p. 224). Their
structure has been ascertained by means of infra-red spectrum and chemical
determination of nitrogen and carboxyl. The films of the polymers and the
polyamlde were glued together and then submitted to a heat treatment of up
to 100 C and tested for exfoliation by means of the dynamometer of TsNIKZ.
Tables I to 3 show the results (A a adhesion, K - cohesion, C - miscel-
laneous character of destruction of the binding agent). The tested poly-
mers of the structure
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S/190/61/003/005/012/014
,kdhesion of polymers... B110/3220
Cff,
G - Gil, - Gil Gil - C111 - cliz Gil
-C112 - CH Cif - Gill - Cill -
CIO
I -n
\C0
fill
c
sho*wed various lengths of the polyamide chains graft at the carboxyl
groups and various frequencies of their sequence in the length of the
macromolecule. If all carboxyl groups of the CBSR are substituted by long
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rw

2869
S/"90/61[003/005/012/014
A:dhesion of polyme4s... B110/B220
polyamide chains 12 caprolactam members), the ad:qes4cvn to the poly-
amide is reduced. (The introauction of groups of higher polarity (CON-H)
than the COOH group causes an.increased rigidity and reduced diffusibility
by starting intra- and intermolecular reactions. In case the chains are
shor.t (3 caprolactam members)"for the safe quantity of polyamide, the'
number of individual ends-diffusing into the polyamide increases. Tem-
perature rise incteases the Brownian movement and, thus, the adhesion.
The strongly polar CONH groups of the gr4ft polymer have twice as much
cohesive energy as the COOH gtoups of the CBS9; they cause a particularly
.close chain packing and enable the.forming 9f.hydrogen bonds. S-12 gave
good binding results, since it contains a definite amount of bound
monomers. Modified CBSR polyiaers containing still some methyl ester of
the ~.-amino caproic acid were studied. Also in this case, the cohesive
power of these polymers surpasses that of the initial polymers, but their
adhesion is independent of the amount of ester. The introduction of poly-
amide chains into CBSR containing-more than 3* of styrene reduces the-ad-
hesion due to increasing rigidity. Increase of the contact temperature
increases the adhesion and maintains the adhesive character of exfolia-
tion. As compared to the initial polymers, the cohesion is also higher.
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n
s/", K/6'i/oc)3/005/01 21014
Adhesion of polymere.j. B110/B220
The kinetic character of the adhesion results also from its increase with
increasing temperature. Thus, adhesion is fundamentally dependent on
polymers oX similar polarity in highly elastic or viscous state, i.e. with
sufficient molecular mobility. Polymers modified by the methyl ester of
,-amino caproic acid,(!' '-24 and "-25)
(3-24 and S-25) are more adhesive
than polymers with polyamide chains (.-17 and '"-19) (S-17 and S-19). In
the absence of styrene, a slight addition of caprolactam does not deteri-
orate.the adhesive properties of rubber. The binding force between the
rubber (SKS-ZOA) and ordinary material (0- 5 kg/cm) increased for
material impregnated with graft polymbr from CBSR and polyamide to
0-95 kg/cm. For -'~-(SKB) rubber and caprone tissue impregnated with
butadiene poiymer modified by ~-caprolactam monomer (polymer _-33 (S-33~)'
the binding force amounted to 0.8 kg/cm (0-4 kg/cm without impregnation).
The specimens tested were produced by V. G. Rayevskiy in the NIIRP. There
are 1 figure, 3 tables, and 9 Soviet-bloc references.
ASSOCIATION; Mosk~vskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii
M. V.!.,Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
imenkM. V. Lomonosov
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im.
Technologyl.'-