SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT VARFOLOMEYEV, A.A. - VARFOLOMEYEV, L.P.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001858610015-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
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• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 9, 2001
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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Y J-7- -\/ - I /
11 W ).
USSR/Nuclear Physics - Installations and Instruments. C-2
Methods of Measurement and Research.
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 4, 1957, 8598
Author : Alpero, V.V., Varfol
Inst
Title : Emulsion Camera
Orig Pub : Pribory i tekhn. eksperimenta, 1956, No 1, 28-32
Abstract : Description of a procedure for preparing and using pac-
kets of emulsion layers as a solid emulsion camera for
the recording of charged particles. The construction
of a camera made of round emulsion layers 10 cm in dia-
meter is described, and the method of photographic treat-
ment of the layers and the gluing them on glass after
processing is described, along with the method for tracing
the trajectories of the particles through the packet by
means of a coordinate grid dravn on the camera by X-rays.
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ir A
USSR//Buclear Physics - Elementary Particles. C-3
Abs Jaur : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 4, 1957, 8641
Author : VarfolomeyEv, A*A., Gerasimova, R.I., Zamchalova, Ye.A.,
Podgoretskiy, M.I., Shcherbakova, M.N.
Inst : AcadeW of Sciences, USSR.
Title : Energy Spectrum of Negative Pions, Formed by Cosmic Rays
in a Photo Emulsion.
Orig Pub : Zh. eksperim. i teor. fiziki, 1956, 30, No 6, 1164-1166.
Abstract : The authors give the energy spectra obtained for 195 Posi-
tive and 328 ne6ative pions, generated in the R-5 emulsion
(emulsions 330 and 450 mecrons thic1c, 10 cm in diameter),
exposEd to cosmic rays in the stratosphere. Corrections
are made to the obtained data to take into account the
finite dimensions of the emulsion blocks.. The author be-
lieves ti possible that in the negative pion spectrum, in
the range of 10 -- 30 Mev, there is a small maximum which
in their opinion can be interpreted as the decay of /~ 0
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a ,
USSR/Nuclear Physics - Elementary Particles. C-3
Abe Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 4, 1957, 8641
particles, absorbed by the same nucleus. The shift in
the position of the maximum can be explained by the fact
that the /~ 0 particle may turn out to be a lower energy
level 'than the least bound neutron, and also by the slo-
wing down of the negative pion in the Coulomb field of
the aucleus.
Card 2/2

USSR/Nuclear Physics Elementary Particles. C-3
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika,.No 4, 1957, 8634
Author : Varfolomeyov, A.A., Gerasimova, R.I.
Inst EaW-of_TcTe-ffTft, USSR.
Title Disintegration of Beryllium and Carbon Nuclei as a
Result of 'rj- -Meson Capture.
Orig Pub Zh. eksperim. i teor. fiziki, 1-956, 30, No 6, 1166-1167-
Abstract Seven cases were observed of the absorption of -5--mesons
in microcrystals of beryllium and 12 cases of absorption
in microcrystals of carbon, introduced into the photogra-
phic emulsion. The characteristic feature of the above
6% stars is the absence of tritons with energies grea-
ter than 10 Mev, and the fact that the mean energy of
the emitted protons does not exceed 10 Nev. In the
author's opinion, the above data are evidence that in the
primary act a greater portion of the rest energy of the
It -meson is received by 1 -- 2 neutrons vhich do not ex-
perience! secondary collisions in such light nuclei, as
Card 1/1 beryllium and carbon.

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INSTRUMENTATION: NUCLEAR PHOTODULSIONS
"International Conference on Photoemulsion Prccedures, Dubna) 1957",
by A.A. Varfolomeyev, Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No 2, March-
Apr 1957, pp _1_21_-121~_.
Report on a conference held in Dubna from 25 February to 2 March
1957, organized by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Atten-
ding this conference, in addition to representatives of many institutes
of tha Soviet Union, were specialists and scientists from China, Korea,
Mongolia, Poland Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and East Germany. This
article gives a concise listing of all of the papers delivered and the
topics touched upon. The complete record of the conference will be pu-
blisheed by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.
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Him

JV
V4
56-5-5/55
'
AUTHOR _B_RFOL01aE 1W aAeAse GERASIMOVA,, R.I., TUMA
NYAN,,4.A.
TITLE Multipbs Electron Pr-ioctinn in a High Energy Blectron-PhAnn Shower
(MnozhestvarrME o~n~=#u ilektronov v alektronno-fotomom livne bol'shay
onergii. Aussian)
PERIODICAL Zhurnal Eksperim. i Toorst. F#iki, 1957, Vol 32, Nr5 . pp969 - 973

"TRACT In co"ction with the syst4matiq-investigation of electron-photon sho-
wers occuring in the nuclear emlsion layers in the stratosphere an un-
usual formation of showers was recorded, je, 150 - layer plate of the
emulsion 'IF" was used an photoplat.4.,i f;,%*'thickness of a layer was about
400~m and the plates had a diami*r oi 10 cm.
Exposure was carried out for about 10 hours in an altitude of about 20
24 km. The density of orbital traces in the emulsion was 37 grains per
100 e in the case of a minimuia of ionozation,
The unusual shower.was caused by single electrons the path of which in
the individual layers of the imulsion was-O.,5 cm.
olectron-positron pairs were found, of which 12 had an oner.
21 a;condF7
.
gy 0 -10 eve
An exiict analysis of these traces allows the conclusion that the primary
Card 1/2 electrons causing the effect had an energy of from 0.,6 to 2:1014 eV.
.4

56-5-5/55
Multiple Electron Production in a High Energy Electron-Photon Shower
Ax a particular feature Vnen analyting the traces it was found that 6
slectron-positron pairs,always in couples occured and must therefore
also haire been formed simultaneously.
ASSOCIATION Not given
MESENTED BY
SUBMITTED
AVAILABLE Library of Congress
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21 M
AUTHORS: Vnrfn1nmPv(-v.- A. A., Golenko, D. I., SOV/2o-122-5-10/56
Svetlolobov, i. -A. -
TITLE: The Characteristics of the Electromagnetic Cascades
in a Photoemulsion With Consideration of the Influence
of the Medium on the Radiation Processes (Kharakteristiki
elektroma6-nitn-rkh kaskadov v fotoemullsii s uchetom
vliy--niya sredy na protsessy izlncheniya)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademi-i nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol 122, lir 5,
PP 785 - 787 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This paper gives the recults of the calculations
(Carried out by means of the Monte-Carlo (Monte
Karlo) method) of the elc-ctromagnetic cascades
in a distance of up to 1.5 radiation units. These
oloctromagnotic crincrtdr-r-, are assumed to be prodi,,ced
by cloctrorin of' initial ow-!rgior of 1011 and 1012
eV. These calculations were carried out by taking
account of the real (not of the asymptotic) cross
Card 1/4 sections of the elementary electromagnetic processes

The'Characteristics of the Electro~mal-.etic Cascades SOV/2o-122-5-10/56
in a Photoemulsion With Consideration of the Influence of the ~Jedium
on the Radiation Processes
(as functions of the particle energies). Two
variants of the calculations were carried out:
In the first variant only the relations of Bethe
(Bete) and Heitler (Gaytler) for the elementary
processes were used, and in the second variant
the formulae of A.B.MiUdal (Ref 1) were used in
order to take into account the influence exercised
by the medium upon the radiation processes of the
high enerU- electrons. The conditions of the cascade
calculations are discussed in short. The cross sections
of the elementary processes were calculated for
the ruclear emulsions Ilford (Illford) G-5. Both
of the above-mentioned variants gave thr. following
results: 1) The energy s.pectr:~ of the electron-
positron pairs produced in depths of up to ti and t 2
respectively, f?r tho in-itiz-.1 eneviies cf
101 eV and 101 eV. 2) The eneri;j spectra of the
Card 2/4 electrons which rr~ach t~l,- d1cothc t1and t2for the

The Chr.r.~_cte:~,ictics of Elect_re):7 C~iscr_"Ic-
in a, PhfJtoer:,u1_,iw! Vi_iL*~ of t~:e -?f1"'-"cL- Of
on th(;
initial enerL;it~s 10 12 eV and 10 11 eV respectively. 3)
Various data which permit conclusions concernint, the
fluctuu-tions of the ro-M,1tc ,nd concernin,!, thf~ de-
pendence of the fluctuations on the inve.,.-,ti.-:.te(]
dep4;h t, on t"-(~ initi;-,l eri,_;r -y, ,md (in thc, canurl;y
ir1t('.rv._LL of Uno jo,'!rticlotl. to
t ~1 C! t'. tt'j, i!lvc.,.t i- - t i on 2 of a f ew sho... e ro of L`10
le ry-10y, __ - -
en e:* a o 1 '- V sul)p?y definite arS-u:7--~:nts in f,wor
of -the investiLat-2d effects. In ordeT to obt;7in
tho --ourt of infor-ation, the invect-4----tion
of --Tc-~+cr nu-_-,b~~-_r of 1011 eV showers -,-.,ould be
Tne r--cults of this -a,,c-r can be aj;,rplied
al_~o to, Other "edia. The authors thzn!- I.I.Gurevich
for h4s interest in this -
.P~--er and for discus!~ir.,,3
the reoults, and also I.P.Lavrush;-in for his help
in :'ormu1,:_tin- the rfsults. There ar~ "~ fijil.-res,
1 tzahle' and 4 references, 3 of which are Soviet.
Card 3Y4

The of 1.'r- Lie" C C- e SOV '2,,-122-=-1o
in a Pliotoemulf;ion With, ConsJ,lur,2!-ion of the Influence of t~,r- Medium
on the Radiation L'roces.-,es
PRESENTED: 14,~y 29, by
SUBYITTED: May 15, 19~:S
Card 4/4

VARFOLOIN[KnYt -A.A.
"CALCULATION OF CASCPJ)HS WITH ENERGIES FROM 109 to 1013 ev BY THE MONTE
CARLO P=,HOD TAKING .'INTO CONSIDaATION TW~ INFLUTINCE OF TIFF _'ff_;,D1U2sj MIS EF04S-
STRAHLUNG"
A.A. Varfolomeyev, I.A. SvetloloWv
The longitudinal development o" electromagnetic cascades in neclear emulsion has
'been calculated at a depth up to 2.8t0 for primary electron energies from 109 to jo 13
ev. The calculation was carriped out by the Monte Carlo method using the "Strela"
electronic computer.
In the calculations, use was made of the actual (not asymptotic) cross sections
of the following elementary processes in the field of the nuclei and electrons all the
emulsion components: Bermsstrahlung, production of pars by photons and electrons,
Compton-effect, and ionization losses.
report presented at the International Cosmic R-y Conference, Moscow 6-11 July 1959

vARPOLOMEYEV, A.A.
"DIE=' PRODUCTION OF M=011-FOSITRON PAIRS BY HIGH ENERGY ELEMON511
A.A.Varfolomeyev, R.I. Gerasimova, L.A. Makaryina, A.P.Mishakova, AlS. Parrantseval
G.S. Stolyarovs, V.A. Tumany, S. A. Chuyeva
The cross-section of direct production of electron-positron pairs ,by high energy
electrons was measured experimentally. For this purpose, a study was Ujade of isolation
electron,,.photon cascades and the photon component of high energy nuclear interactions
in emulsion stacks exposed to radiation in the stratosphere. In order to exclude
spurious cases of direct pair Droduction, which constitute the m2in difficulty in
exprrimental measurement of the cross-section of such pairs, the calculation wpe
carried out by the Monte Carlo method.
The calculation was made for three values of primary electron energy: lo; 100 and
1,000 Bev, taking into consideration two possible variants of the Premstrablung
spectrum: Bethe-Heitler and Migdal Variants (Launder-Pameranchik and Ter-Mikaelyan
effects). A method Bor determiping the energy of untra-relativistic electrons from
the lateral distribution of the apexes of electron-positron pairs is suggested.
During the expreimental measurement of very high electron energies, certain possible
sources of underestimation were eliminated.
The cross section of direct pair production by high energy electrons was found
to be in agreement with Bhabhs's calculation within the limits of experimental error.
report presented at the International Cosmic Ray Conference, Moscow 6-11 July 1959

VARFOLOS-PET, A. A.
"IMEMON-MrIGN CASCABEE) WITH FMGIF~ FROM loll to 10_13 ev IN NUGI-ZAR
EslisicNsn
A.A. Varfolomeyev, R.I. &-rasimova, I.I. Gurevich, I.A. Makcax7ina, A.S. Ra=ntsev,,,
S.S. Chuyeva
Fifteen electron-photon cascades with energies from loll to lo13 ev, recorded
in six emulsion stacks with a total volume of lo 1, have been investigated.
The energies of the primary photons evoking the cascades were determined by the
energy spectrum of the cascade electrons at a depth of 2.5 -& 3to (to- rad. unit).
The grain density and the gap density were measured for the first pairs. In all
the pairs with energies 3x1011 ev, a decrease in pTain density at the apex caused by
the screening effect was discovered.
The following experimental relation of the ionization losses of pair (1) was
obtained:
where I pe is the specific ionization electron loss At the ionization Dleateau,
x is the distance from the apex of the pair in cm, and E, Is the enerP7 of the Dhoton
which produced the pair.
The expression obtained for I/21pe may 1-e used to determine the E energy from
experimental values for 1. An estimation of the E error is viven, taking into consider-
ation the screening effect;
The number of electron-position ptiirs produced ~at depths of 1.0to and 1.5to was
measured.

VARFOLOMEYEV, A.A. (CONTINUED)
The results agree with the calculated data obtained t,,y the Monte C-rlo method,
taking into account the effect of the medium on Bremsstrahlung (Landau-Pomeranchbk-
and Ter-Mikaelyan effects)
for 10 cascades Viith 1.8x.1011 ev, the probability of P ( )2 from the
criterion 2,.is 2.5 -& 5% when compared with the curves which do not consider the
effedt of ".,he medium, and PO-95% when compared with the calculations that take into
consideration the effect of the medium on the 'Premsstrahlung.
report presented at the International Cosmic Pay Conference, Moscow 6-11 July 1.959

Pliys-:,.,ath sci t"C
VA 11 FV)I,OL, .,, I ICIV 9-V
IJ~Prl (erder
1-h r: PlIV,
q pp
Of 101, -sio Am-
-J A
C
vic 11 Of
t Of Atordc Lnorcy A
of Loilill II'f3 y t of
printe
Q -113)
~Ie A (11 titles) ( -1.1, 1~

3/6%7~0802/000/023/027
D
0 1117 171, 17 1'rrf) D299 D304
AUTHORS: Varfolomeyev, A. A., and Svetlolobov, I. A.
TITLE: Computing cascades with energies of 1011 - 1013 ev. by
the Monte Carlo method with allowance for the influence
of the medium on the bremestrahlung
SOURCE: International Conference on Cosmic Radiation. Moscow,
1959. Trudy. v. 2, Shirokiye atmosfernyye livni i kas-
kadnyye protsessy, 292-298
TEXT: The calculations were carried out on the electeonic compu-
ter "Strela" by the Monte Carlo method. The primary particles were
electrons with energies E0 = 109 - 1013 ev. The one-dimensional
problem was considered, involving the following processes in the
field of nuclei and electrons of the emulsion: bremestrahlung,
pair creation, the Compton effect, photonuclear absorption and ion-
ization loused. The investigations were carried out for depths t
ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. Two methods of calculation were used: The
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0
S/6 60/002/000/023/027
Computing cascades with ... D299 D304
exact non-asymptotic Bethe-Heitler formulas for the effective cross-
section of bremsetrahlung and pair creation, and Migdal's formula
(Ref. 6: ZhETF, 32, 633, 1957; Phys. Rev., 103, 1811, 1956) for the
effect of the medium on the bremsstrahlung, A table lists the ab-
sorption coefficients of gamma-quanta interacting with the nuclei
and electrons of the emulsion. The differential energy spectra of
pairs and electrons for energies E. = 1011 - 1013 ev. are listed in
another table, whereas the integral spectra of pairs are shown in
a figure, from which it is evident that in the soft part of the
spectrum the number of pairs computed by the Bethe-Heitler formula
is more than double the number obtained by Migdal's formula. As the
authors did not possess many statistical data (which are required
for a complete solution of the fluctuation problem), they confined
themselves to the study of cascades at small depths. Denoting by
Q,,(E,989t) -the actual number of electrons with energies exceedingF_
at depth t in an electron cascade with energy Eo, and by Q(Eo,& t)
- the number of pairs with energy>F formed at a depth 4t, it is
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31540
S/62 60/002/000/023/027
Computing cascades with D299YD304
possible to formulate the main result as follows: With given Eogelt
it is always possible to choose the coefficient k in such a,way that
the cascade distribution with respect to the number (or
should follow Poisson's distribution with mean value k, whereby N
and N. are the mean values of Q and Q. respectively. With small t
and small E, (1 to 10 Mev), the coefficient k does not depend on E0
and on the method of calculation (for the energy range under consi-
deration, 1010 - 1013 ev.). The coefficient k was found to be the
same for both electrons and pairs, k(ti) = 1.5 and k(t2) = 3v (t,
= 1.0 to and t2 = 1.5 to), There are 2 figures, 5 tables and 8 re-
ferences: 6 Soviet-bloc and 2 non-Boviet-bloc. The references to the
English-language publications read as follows: W. H. Furry, Phys.
Rev., 52, 5601, 1937; S. K. Srinivasan, J. C. Butcher, B. A. Char-
m 8 1
tres, H. e sel. Nuovo Cim. Suppl., 9. 77. 1958.
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31541
B/627/60/002/000/024/027
-3, 0 D299/D304
AUTHORS: Varfolomeyev, A. A.) Gerasimova, R. I., Gurevich, I.I.,
Romantseva, A. S., and Chuyeva, S. A.
TITLE: Electron-photon showers with energies of 11 1013ev.
in nuclear emulsions
SOURCE: International Conference on Cosmic Radiation. Moscow,
1959. Trudy. v. 2. Shirokiye atmosfernyye livni i kas-
kadnyye protsessy, 299-306
TEXT: A detailed investigation was carried out of 15 electron-pho-
ton showers with energies 1011 ev., at low depths. In contradis-
tinction to other works, ?he results are compared with those ob-
tained for cascades by the Monte Carlo method. Six emulsion stacks
were used, with total volume of about 10 liters. In 5 of the
stacks of emulsion P-HWXt 14 (R-NIKPI), the grain density of relati-
vistlu cl6ctrons waa 30 - 35 grains per 100/i. The energy E r of
primary quanta which generate the shower, was determined from the
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31541
S/627/60/002/000/024/027
Electron-photon showers D299/D304
number of cascade electrons of energy higher than 6. = 300 Mev, at
a depth of 2.5 - 3.0 to . A table lists (for comparison) the values
of Ep obtained by the Monte Carlo method and by formula
R = - 1- 45,0 + 1n 2x\2 0 + 140 (1)
1711 1 1(9 xj~
where x is the distance from the pair vertex in cm; this formula is
semiempirical and represents the ratio of ioz)iiation losses of
pairs to those of relativistic electrons; the ionization losses are
due to mutual shielding of electron and positron fields. In the ex-
periments, particular care was taken to detect the vertices of the
~,1-5 t - After determin-
electron-positron pairsv formed at depths /
0
ing the lateral shower distribution, the energy of the electrons of
the pairs was measured by means of multiple scattering (to an accu-
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31541
S/627/60/002/000/024/027
Electron-photon showers ... D299/D304
racy of 20 - 30%) for energies of up to (5-7)-10 8 ev. The total
number of pairs formed at depths, K+ + no or aimilar processes.
In such a reaction, a path of the K+ particle of up to 15 mm would
correspond to a mass of the D+ meson of from MD = 1230 to 1580 electron
masses. 98 events with the K path 4 15 mm were detected. It is
concluded that the production probability of slow D+ particles which
decay to form a K+ meson is leas than the 500-th part of the production
probability for slow K+ mesons. The authors thank 1. 1. Gurevich for his
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B/056/62/1)42/()03/048/049- i*
+
Search for the D meson B108/ 102
interest as woll an A. P. Mishakov, S. A. Yudin, G. V. Pleehivtoev, L. A.
Chernyshev, A. M. Alpers, V. M. Kutukov, Z. Galkin, Z. Volobuyev, A.
Smelyanskiy, R. I. Gerasimov, L. A. Makarlin, and M. I. Oveyannikov for
assistance. There are 5 references: 2 Soviet and 3 non-Soviet. The
three references to English-language publications read ae-followa: T,
Yamanouchi. Phya. Rev-, 1, 480, 1959; Y- Eisenberg et al. Phys*
120~ 1021, 1960; V. Cook et al. Phys. Rev., 123, 655, 1961.
SUBMITTED; March 6, 1962
V/1
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S/811/62/000/000/003/003
AUTHORS: Varrolomeyev, A.A., Makar'ina, L,A.
TIT L&-;-~-Tl,~,dn~sity of Tc,,glorrierates (blobs) in the traces of clectron pairs ard
the iletimetric effect.
SOURCE: - Yadornaya fotografiya; Trudy Tretlyego McAidunarodnogo soveshcha-
niya po yadernoy fotografii. Monkva, iyul' 1960g, K. S. Bogoinalov
and N.A. Perfilov, eds. MLo!,cow. f-.,-.d-vo AN S59R. jq6z, 415-418.
TEXT: The paper presentzi a r(;purt crl experinientattoit drid thf.-oretical cont-;,.-
sions relative to the so-called geometric effect which leads to a change in the para-
meters of the trace of an electron- positron pair 'Under constant ionization losses.
Ionization lous,'-s oil the initial portions of the track of high-energy ( 1, IOIZCV)
electron-p03itron pairs are attribut.cd to tile mutual screening of the electron and
positron fields, when their mutual distance r does not exceed an ordur of 5 - 10-
The theoretically predicted effect has been verified expcrinnentally (Varfolonleyev
et al., Ume Colloque Internat'l Fhotogr. Corptisc., Montr~al. Presses Univ.Mont-
real, 1958; ZhETF, Y. 36, 1959, 707). As the dintance r grows up to an beyond tne
diameter of the sensitized grain, the dongity of the grains (or conglome rates) of the
trace of the pair in a nuclear ernulsio,i attatris a value of In tillies tile lolil.-ation Loss;
this georrictric effect was first point(.d out by R. W*!ill et al. (N. Cimento, v. 6, 1957,
413 and 1430). The present study adduc-! the results of measurcy"nents of the density
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The density of conglomerates (blolbs) in tine tracez-,. S/811/62/000/000/003/003
of the congtorne rates and the denaity of the gaps along the traces of 18 e /C+ pairs.
The finding that the changes in prob-ability of a flare-spot formation on AgBr grain.,;
are attributable to the geometric effect are ,,cry amall contradicts Weill's conclu-
sions. The traces of the 18 pairs Kad energies of 8.5 . 1010 t Z., . 1013 ev; they
were registered in six ernulsion pilas with a total volume of 10 liters which were
irradiated in the stratosphere. The fmergy of a pair was determined by the clectron-
cascade energy-spectrum method expounded in Varfolorneyev et al.. ZhETIF, v.38,
1960, 33. The density of the traces was established frorn a visual determination of
the density of conglome rates or blcbs and from a measurement of the density of the
gaps along the trace of a pair. An appreciaHe geometric effect is noted on the
magnitude of the density cf the conglomerates, but not on that of the gaps. This is
attributed to growing flarcspot~s bet-,.Veen grainst until the distanec has attained a value
comparable to the diameter of a sensitized grain, a~0.611; there is no corriparabie
growth in the size of the g,.,ips. Weill's inconsistent results are at! riLul .1c; a poss-
ib!e m-sun6e.-standing of Dclia Corte I s 6,ata (cf. NT. Cirn, v- 10, 19533 , V-56) to
the effect Of PWe recon-ibination on the probabiLity r'.4 the fiaria.~ of A;j3i, S
There are I figttrv and 6 references (3 Soviet an~ 33
ASSOCLATION-, LRSLitlt', atomno,/ (~.rl
~j L"Zil C
'ergii
En e r
I- , i n i 1. V , Ku r,- hat o v) . Aa d,~ i i i.iS
USSR..
Card Z/