SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT VOROBYEV, A.A. - VOROBYEV, A.A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001860810020-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 14, 2001
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SOV/143-59-6-7/21
The Development of the Studies of Interaction Between Ionic Crystals
in the Works of the Tomsk Scientists
Fifties, such work was also started at TPI. Some cry-
stal properties (heat capacity, modulus of deformation
and others) do not only determine the lattice energy,
but also its derivatives in various parameters. Study-
ing the properties of ionic crystala of haloid compounds
of metals of the first and second group of D.I. Mende-
leyev's system and metal oxides of the second group
resulted in some data which are presented by the au-
thor in the form of a comparison of the properties of
ionic crystals and the energy of the crystal lattice.
The author does not presont any names of personnel
involved in the research in Tomsk. There are 10 graphs.
ASSOCIATION: Tomskiy ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni politekhni-
cheskiy institut imeni S,N. Kirova (Tomsk-Red Labor
Banner Order- Polytechnic Institute imeni S.N. Kirov)
PRESENTED: Kaf edra tekhniki vysokikh. - napryaizhenly (Chair of High
Voltage Engineering)
SUBMITTED: December 22, 1958
Card 2/2

:y9YDA!rjL_A.A.J-_*VAWVSK&TA, Ts.K.; ITANKINA, M.S.; SAYINTSAY, ?.A.
Physical properties of solid solutions of alkali halide coD-
pounds, snd the molecular concentration. Izv*vys&uchebvz&v.;
fix, no.6:162-165 159. (KRA 13:6)
1. Tomakiy politekhnicheakiy institut imeni B.H.Kirovao
(Alkali metal halides) (Solutions, Solid)

", VORGE IYEV . A.1.
. 11 7'. ~'. -,
2*5 Mev microtron of the Institute of Physics of NapIes Univers Ity.
Izv.vys.ucheb.zav.; fiz. no.6rl67-170 159. (XIRA 12:4)
1. Tomskiy politekhnicheekly institut im* B.Mo.Kirova.
(Particle accelerators) ,

SOV/144-59-,"-1/17
AUTHORSS Vo-ob"yev A A Doctor of Pliys�.,.,,)-Yta4-li-kematiraI Scieru--as7
and Mogilevskaya, T.Yu.~ Senior
TITLE-, r~e Hotion of a Single Unipolar Voltage Pulse Along a
Coaxial Cable with a Farromagnetin, Sheath and the Transfer
of the Pulse ;into a Semi(-on(Juoting Medium
Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniyj Elektromekhanika,
PERIODICAL,. 1959, Nr 7, PP 3-9 (USSR)
ABSTRACT; Thr, phy3ioal arrangement of the oable is shown in Fig 1.
It is assumed in the arLilysis tha-10-: no sutface effects
exis t; the madlum at the output of the system is uniform,
isotropic and semiconducting; the pa:,~ameters of the "lead
and tubell which form the coaxial line are ohosen to give
distortionless tran..imission. Fig 2 13 an equivalent
circmit wharq e1 is the exciting line aonnected to the
generator, 42 is the uoaxial lina an' I V. is the
termination representing the impedance of Igo medium.
The effect of ?i is negler;ted .3J,n,-,e it is much shorter
than a wave lengfh and its longitudinal and transverse
alentrinal elements are insIgnifirant i-lompared with those
'Card 1/4 of the pulse soliTce. The condition for distortionless
transmis.,don is Hoavlsldefi Ej (1). The induotance i3

SOV/14!f-59-17 1/:L7
t-
The Motion of a Single Unipolar Voltage Palstt Along a Coaxial Cable
with a Ferromagnetia Sheath and the Tzamfer of the Pulse into a
Semic6liducting,Medium
und from the mean Nalus of tube permeability; the
.G
A
capaoitance and qonduataac-~ of 4.-Ihcj spa,?a between the lead
and the 1,abii are found fi-om the nomogram for a mixture of
dielectrics given in Refs ~ a, d The impedance of the
A)
madillm at the arb-1 o-f tile .2.1no ta oq1oulated as an 'lend-
(Affect" due t V
-o the fringeing of the fiqld Into the medium.
The end-iapacitanca is naloulaf;ed from Eq (2) found in
Ref 5 and plotted in F19 3. The onrl-ranductanca is
SIM41arly bound as Eq (3). Sinio the transmission ti-me
.L -
for the pulao is vuc4tt ionge"_ 14;hari the pulse duration the
oquivalent oi.-_~uit for transiGnit n:,,ndltiona~ Fit 4, may be
used. The shape of the gent-rat;;;d pulse ii Eq !+). The
-voltage and power at the end of the coaxial section are
respectively Eqs (8) and (9) . In th-~ majorit of cases'
where the line length is a few k1lometres and the
disle,--tric is crushed "he attGrklzatlon is small. Also
tht? terminating J_mp,.q0.rrjce is high and tPhe output vo."Atage
i's prantioally doubled. TIA3 Laorease in pulae voltage
Card 2/)+ favours the oreat-lon of a spark dis-,-harge. The penetration
of the voltage whve into the modi= is calvalated using the

SOV/14L~-59-7-1/17
The Notion of a Single Unipolar Voltage Pulse Along a Coaxial Cable
with a Ferromagnetic Sheath and the Transfer of the Pulse into a
Semiconducting Medium
"refractive indices" of power and energy defined in
Eqs (10) and (11). - Fig 5 shows how these indices vary
with the pulse shape as controlled by pl and P2 in
Eq (4). The specific oondugtance of the terminating
'medium is assumed to be 10-b MKS units. Fig 6 shows the
dependence of the refractive indices on the wave-
resistance of the coaxial line. The optimum value of the
latter is 283 ohms. For this value, Fig 7 shows that the
absorption of energy into the mediiun is practically 100%
when the specific conductance is about 10-2 14KS units.
Card 3/4

SOV/144-59-7-1/17
The Notion of a Single Unipolar Voltage Pulse Along a Coaxial Cable
with a FerAromagnetic Sheath and the Transfer of the Pulse into a
Semiconducting Medium
There are 7 figures and 5 referennes, 1r, of whinh are
Soviet and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION: Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy institut (Tomsk
Polytechnical Institute) and Kafedra teoretiche3kikh
Card V4. asnov Alektrotelchniki, Tomskiy politeklLnicheskdy institut
(Chair of Theoretical Fundamentals of Eleetro-Technology,
Tomsk Polytechnical Institute)
SUBMITTED% Maroh 227 1959

66196
4, SOY/143-59-7-6/20
AUTHORS: Voroblyev,_A.A. Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
Professo~ and Kislina, A#N.j Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLEs The Electric Strength and Microhardness of Solid Solution Crys-
tals of Sy3tems KJ-KCl and KC1-NaCly Disintegrating During the
Growing Process from the Melt
PERIODICALS Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy,'Energetika, 1959, Nr 7,
pp 41-42 (USSR)
ABSTR.kCTs Studying the properties of ionic solid-solutions and obtaining
stable systems is of great importance for the theory and practi-
cal application of dielectrics. Academician N.S. Kurnakov showed
that ionic solid solutions are not stable and disintegrate after
some time. For checking the influence of the disintegration of
solid solutions on their physical and chemical properties, sys-
tems YJ-KCI and KCI-NaCl were investigated. Measurements of the
electric strengtht the microhardness and structural X-ray anal-
yses were performed. Solid solutions of systems KJ-KCl and KCl-
Card NaCl are characterized by a low thermodynamic stability. Th

66196
SO'V/143-59-7-6/20
The Electric Strength and Microhardness of Solid Solution Crystals of Systems
10-KC1 and KC1-NaClj Disintegrating During the Growing Process from the Melt
microhardness was measured by a PMT-3 device. The dependence of
the microhardness of KJ-XCl and KCI-NaCl crystals is of a com-
plicated nature, as shown in fig.2. The dependence of the elec-
tric strength of KJ-XCl crystals on their chemical composition
is shown in fig.3. The authors established that the disintegra-
tion of solid solutions leads to changes of the electric strength,
the microhardness, the loss angle tg d, and their properties
approach those of mechanical mixtures, as indicated by Academi-
cian N.S. Kurnakov for some other properties. This paper was
presented at the Kafedra tekhniki vysokikh napryazheniy (Depart-
Card.2/2 ment of Ifigh Voltage Engineering). There are 3 graphs and 3
Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONs Tomskiy ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni politekhnicheskiy in-
'
stitut imeni S.M. Kirova, (Tomsk - Order of the Red lAb6r
Banner
Polytechnic Institute imeni S.M. Kirov)
SUDMITTED: January 209 1959

~-- -IJOROB ITLT, A.A,
History of the development of electron accelerators. Yop.
Ist.eat.1 takh. no.8:33-47 159. 1 04M 13:5)
(Particle accelerators).

66170
--756F 0 SOV/143-59-9-7/22
AUTHORSs Voroblyev, A.A., Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences jPxORmEW,,
'N#jOaudidate of Technical Sciences, and
~i* ntsev, P.A*9 Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
Docent
TITLEs, The Physical and Chemical Properties of Insulating Crystals
PERIODICALs Izvestiya vyssbikh ucebuykh zavedeniyq Energetikag 1959, Nr 9,
pp 43-47 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs During the years of Soviet rule, the scientists of Tomsk performs
ed considerable research in studying the structures mechanicalf
thermal and electrical properties of ion crystals and alloys. The
energy of the crystal lattice was selected as the magnitude which
determines the structure and the interaction of particles in a
crystal lattice, A.A* Voroblyev (Ref.1). The values of the crystal
lattice energy are unknown for crystals with admixtures. P&A. Sa-
vintsev (Ref*2) showed that the comparison of properties of crys-
tals and alloys with identical type of the crystal lattice and
Card 1/4 identical chemical bonds between the particles may be performe

66170
SOV/14-3-59-~-7/22
The Physical and Chemical Properties of Insulating Crystals
by the molecular concentration C% t L% . R . 103 where D - crystal
M
density; M = molecular weight. According to the Born formula,OL
is connected with the crystal lattice energy U - C-1fly- where C
V i
is a constant. According to Born's formulat the energy of alkali
halides in proportional-to the ratio DeM. The authors compare the
properties of crystals and alloys with the lattice energy and the
molecule doncentration. The Tomsk scientists devoted great atten-
tion to studies of the mechanical properties of ion crystals. V*D*
Kuznetsov (Ref.3) analyzed methods of determining the hardness of
brittle bodies and developed a number of new mathodst drilling,
damped oscillations, mutual grinding. V.N. Kashcheyev (Ref.4) and
L.A. Indry"tae-va (Refe.5,6) showed that the hardness in the me-
thod of mutual grinding does not depend on the type of the abra-
sive powder used for grindingg only when the mechanical strength
of the powder is several times greater than the strength of crys-
tals to be ground. In this case the hardness ratio co 'incides with
Card 2/4 the ratios of surface energies calculated by Born and Shtern. V~(

66170
SOV/143-59-9-7/92
The Physical and Chfmical Properties of Insulating Crystals
P.A. Savintsev, V.Ya. Zlenko and A*P. Naumov (Refs7) determined
the hardness in drilling of alkali halide monocrystals with ad-
mixtures. They found that admixtures of alkali halide salts reduce
the hardness of crystals. PeAs Savintsev and V.V. Kutsepaleako
(Refx*RpIO) stated that the greatest hardness value is found in
the t%rea of equal component concentrations, which corresponds to
the nmallest value of & . Us& Ivanklum (Refs.12$13#14) investi-
gated the structure of the crystal lattice of solid solutions of
alkali halide salts and a number of their thermal properties de-
pending upon the composition in connection with the energy of
interaction of components. A.A. Voroblyev, Ye#K. ZdYado"k.^Aland
A.M. Trubitsin (Ref.16) and K.A* Vodoplyanov and G.I. Galibina
(Ref.23) determined the electrical properties of ion alloys of
different stability degrees at room temperature. A.N. Kislina
(Refs.19,20,21) investigated the electric strenght of LI-RDr,
KJ--NaJ and other properties of alkali halides. The authors present
the following conclusionst The physical and chemical properties of
Card 3/4 ion crystals and their solid solutions are determined by the crys-V

66170
SOV/143-59-9-7/22
The Physical and Chemical Properties of Insulating CyrstalB
tal lattice energies. The formation of alkali halide solid solu-
tiont KCl-NaCl, NaCl-NaDr, N&CI-NoAJ, are accompanied by a destruc-
tion of the crystal lattice, absorption of heat, increased linear
expansion coefficient, increased electric conductivity, a reduc-
tion of the density and molecule concentrationq and a hardness re-
duction in mutual grinding and drilling. The aging of solid solu-
tionn will result. There are 2 sets of graphs and 24 Soviet refer-
enceile
ASSOCIATIONs Tomskiy ordena Trudovo o Krasnogo Znameni politekhnicheakiy insti-
tut imeni S.M. Kirova ITomak - Order of the Red Labor Banner
Polytechnic Institute imeni S.M. Kirov)
SUBMITTED% April 21, 1959
Card 4/4

12RODUE11-911 2achi,NAUHOVA, A.S., red.; MRDOVINA,
[Physical Properties of ionic cryat.allino dielectrics)
Fisichaskis OvOiStVa ionnykh krista3.1icheskikh dielek-
trlkov. Tomsk., Iad-vo Tomakogo univ. Book 1. 196o.
p. (Ionic crystals) (MIRA 160)

Bow, P. [Boning~ Paul]; HELINIKOV~ M.A. (tranalator); VOROBIXKV#.-A%A*.#.--
prof.p doktor"fiziko-matm. naukp red.j URIONOV, V.P.p red.; PINTALI,
Yu.S.., red.; E~ORWCV, tekhn. red,
(De3ign and electrical strength of electric insulating materials]
Blektricheakaia prochnout' izollatsioraWkh materialov i konstruktaii,
Pod obshobei red. A.A.Vorobleva. Moskva, Goa, onerg, izd-vo, 1960.
215 p. Translated from theGerman. (HIRA 34 111)
(Electric insulators and insulation)

PHASE IkOK EXPLOITATION SOV/4809
Vorobtyev, A.A., G.A. Vorobtyev, N.I. Voroblyev, A.F. Kalganov, I.I. Kalyatakiy,
V.D. XMMW_, G.A. Mesyats, S.F. Pokrovskiy, K.K. Sonchik, and A.T. Chepikov
Vysokovolltnoye lopytatellnoyecborudovaniye I izmereniya (High-Voltage Testing
Equipment and Measurements) Moscow, Gosenergoizdatp 1960. 583 P. Errata
slip inserted. 10,500 copies printed.
Ed. (Title page)i A.A. Voroblyev, Professor; Ed. (Inside book): A.I. Dolginov;
Te~h.,Ed.i K.P. voronin
PURPOSE: This book is intended as a textbook for students taking courses dealing
with high-voltage technique and high-voltage testing equipment. It may-also-be
of use to the personnel in high-voltage laboratories and scientific institutions.
New data contained in the book may be of interest to electricians.
COVERAGEt The book describes methods and installations used for generating and
measuring high and ouperhigh constant, alternating, and pulse voltages used in
laboratory work and In charged-particle acceleration processes. Some data con-
tained in the book could be used in deoigning and computing high-voltage instal-
lations. The book was written by the staff members of the Department of High-
Voltage Technique of the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute. Chapters I and 11 were
written by A.A. Voroblyevp with paragraphs I-1 and 1-2 written jointly with

High-Voltage Testing (Cont.) SOV/4609
I.I. Kalyatakiy, paragraph 1-6 with N.I. Voroblyev, paragraphs II-1 to 11-6
and II-10 to 11-13 with A.F. Kalganov, and paragraphs 11-7 to 11-9 with
V.D. Kuchin. Ch. III was written by A.A. Vorobtyev, with the exception of
paragraph III-49written by S.F. Pokr6vskly, -and paragraph III-6,written jointly
by A.A. Voroblyev and the latter. Ch.,IV: paragraphs IV-1 to IV-3 were
wrRTen _byI.I_.Kalyatakiy; paragraphs IV-5 and IV-6 by A.A. Voroblyev; para-
graph. IV-4-by.A.A_,_Yorob1yev and I.I. Kalyatakiy jointly; ffra-jFa=pIV-7
by K.K. Sonchik; paragrapM-S by G.A. Mesyats; and paragraphs IV-9 and
IV-10 by K.I. Voroblyev, Ch. V.- paragraphs V-1, V-2 and V-12 were written
by.A.A. Vorobfyev; paragraphs V-3, V-4 and V-8 by A.A. Voroblyev and G.A.
Voroblyev joll-t-1y; paragraphs V-5 to V-7 by A.A. "~5`roye~van_d~.T. Chepikov
jointly; paragraphs V-9 to V-11 by A.A. Vo y9y; an agraph. V-13 by
K.K. Sonchik. ThG authors thank Eng neer T. Murashko for his assistance.
,._,_..Aq,ferences accompany each chapter.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword 3
Ch. I. Methods and Installations for the Generation of High Alternating
Voltage

High-Voltage Testing (Cont.) SOV/4809
1. High-voltage testing transformers 5
2. Series co~fiection of testing transformers 17
3. Voltage regulation and stabilization at transformer terminals 34
4. Principle of operation of an h-f resonant transformer 47
5. Arrangement of h-f resonant transformers 56
6. Inductor 63
Bibliography 70
Ch. II. Electrostatic Generators and Transformers
1. Theoretical fundamentals and classification of electrostatic generators, 71
2. Development of electrostatic generators 81
3. Principle of operation of electrostatic generators with conductive
transporters 88
4. Conditions for power increase of electrostatic generators with con-
ductive transporters and of generator efficiency 97
5. Setup and construction diagrams of electrostatic generators with con-
ductive transporters 101
6. Physical principles of the operation of electrostatic generators with
dielectric transporters 110
7. Arrangement and principle of operation of an electrostatic generator
with a moving belt 117
Care 3/6

High-Voltage Testing (Cont.)
8. Voltage measurement and stabilization of an electrostatic generator
with a moving belt 125
9. Descri,tion of designs of electrostatic generators with moving belts 141
10. Principle of operation of electrostatic rotor generators with a di-
blectVicAransporter 1522
11. Description and technical characteristics of electrostatic rotor
generators 164
12. Characteristics of electrostatic generators 168
13. Electrostatic transformers 178
14. Nuclear generators 184
Bibliography 196
SOV/4809
Ch. III. Rectification Circuits. Cascade Generators
-1, Rectifiers and certain a-c rectification circuits 198
2. Voltage-multiplication circuits 218
3. Circults.illustrating the principle of operation and the theory of
performance of a loaded cascade generator 228
4. Effect of spurious capacitance on the output voltage of a cascade
. generator under no-load conditions 253
5. Cascade-generator circuits for generating high currents at low pulsa-
tion 267
Card 4/6

High-Voltage Testing (Cont.) SOV/4809
Cascade-generator electric circuits with parallel stage power supply 274
7. Some existing cascade generators 283
Bibliograph.,,r 297
Ch. IV. Syateis for Generating T)Alse Voltages and Currents
1. Principle of operation of'a pulse-voltage generator 298
2. Computation of a charging circuit of a pulse-voltage generator 305
3, AnalysIs and computation of the discharge circuit of a multistage
pulse-voltage generator, 312
4. Description of designs and arrangement of the compononts of Oise-
voltage generators 332
5. Capacitive generators of strong currents 349
6. Circuits and installations for the synchronized generation of constant
and pulse voltages and currents 356
7. Generntiori of rectangular high-voltage pulses 366
8. Generation of steep-front high-voltage pulses 379
9. Pulse transformers 393
10. Pulse-transformer designs 406
Bibliography- 412
Card 5/6

High-Voltage Testing (Cont.) SOV/4809
Ch. V. High-Voltage Measurements
1. General Information on high-voltage measurements and measuring instru-
ments 414
2. Electrostatic voltmeters 422
3. Generalling voltmeters 429
4. Capact'ive-rectifying circuits for high-voltage measurements 435
MeaBurament of alternating and constant voltages by means of
arresters 444
6.' Measurement of pulse and h-f voltage amplitude by means of arresters 455
7. Dividers for constant-and alternating-voltage measurements 467
8. Dividars for pulse-voltage measurements 481
9. Certain physical processes occurring in cathode-ray tubes 503
10. Special features of oscillographic recording of rapid processes 521
"11-;- Oscillograph circuits for the recording of single phenomena 529
12. "Klidonograf" [wave recorder) and its use in fixing voltage amplitude 541
13. Pulse-current measurements 546
Bibliography 557
Appendixes 559
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 6/6
2-17-61

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69439
S/139/60/000/01/013/041
2-Y,7700 E:201/E491
AUTHOR: Vorob'XevL A.A.-
rroblem of the Relationship of Dielectric
TITLE,. Mn~h e.~
Losseskof Crystals with the Energy and the Degree of
Perfection of the Lattice 'PI
PERIODICAL: I7.vestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Fizika,
1960, Nr 1, PP 73-76 (USSR)
ABSTRAM This communication discusses-an earlier paper by
Bcogoroditskiy, Kulikland Fridberg (Ref 1).
Bogorodit=siy et a state on p 2166 that "it seems
more correct to relate electrical losses directly with
crystallochemical properties of the lattice, especially
as these properties govern the lattice energy". The
present author points out that the lattice energy is
itself a fundamental crystallochemical property and is
not governed by other such properties. Voroblyev uses
Fig 3 of Ref I to show that there is a definite
relationship (denied by Bogoroditskiy et al) between
the lattice energy and the dielectric losses of alkali
Card 1/2 halides: the losses decrease with increasing lattice energy

69439
S/139/60/000/01/013/041
E2oi/E49i
On the Problem of the Relationship of Dielectric Losses of Crystals
with the Energy and the Degree of Perfection of the Lattice
(cf Fig I in the present communication). Bogoroditskiy
et al suggest that losses in ion-relaxation
polarization are governed by the lattice defects.
Voroblyev supplements this suggestion by pointing out
that the number of lattice defects decreases with
increase of the lattice energy. Voroblyev ends his
communication with criticism of Bogoroditskiy et al's
interpretation of the dielectric losses of solid
solutions (especially the concentration dependence of
the losses). Voroblyev advises careful analysis of
composition of mixed crystals and measurement of at
least two properties in studies of decomposition of
solid solutions. There are I figure and 6 Soviet
references.
ASSOCIATIONs Toriskiy politekhnicheskiy institut imeni S.M.Kirova
.(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M.Kirov)
SUBMITTEDA April 9, 1959
..Card 2/2

S/139/60/ooo/oi/040/041
29~ E391
AUTHORS: Vorob'yej2_A.A. and Ternov,_1
TITLE: Conference on High-energy Particle Accelerators
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchabnykh zavede'rYiy, Fizika,
1960, Nr 1, pp 256 - 241 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The conference was opened by the Chairman of CERN,
Dr. S^Upr,
At the first session four papers were read on the necessity
of building new high-energy accelerators. One of these
papers was read by Professor Panovskiy, who argued that
large accelerators give no information which could not be
obtained from cosmic rays., The evening session on
September 14 and two sessions on September 15 were
occupied by twenty-one papers on extension of the
.accelerator energies towards higher values. During these
sec~sions papers were preaented by Kolomenskiy, V.P.
Dmitriyevskiy (description of a 12 MeV cyclotron in Dubno,
which uses spatial variation of the magnetic field) and
Cardl/4 X

S/139/60/000/01/040/041
International Conference on High-energy ENar'001 Accelerators and
on Nuclear-phypics Instrumentation
I.I. Zamolodehikov (description of a 1.5 m cyclotron
with azimuthal variation of the magnetic field). The
morning session on September 15 included 7 papers on
acceleration of charges in Elasmas %-I
among these were papers by R6dionov, Academician
.I.F. Kvartskhava (experimental investigations of production
and acceleration of plnmas), Academician V.I.Vglisler
(coherent shock acceleration of ring plasmas),
A.U. Lebedev and A.A, Kolomenskiy (theory of stochastic
aci;eleration and accumulation); A.A. Voroblvnv - drew the
attention of the conference to the absence of papers on
injection.
The morning ses.91on on September 1-6 was devoted to
fundamental limitations of accQ1nrftLnrRb I
Anong the papers presented at this session there were
ccmmunications from D.G. Koshkarey (theory of non-linear
problems of betatron oscillations and particles losses
itt resonances); V.V. Vladimirskiy (space-charge limitations),
Card2/11 Lobedev, Finkel.'shteyn and Velcoler.

S/139/60/000/oi/o4o/o4i
Int*rnational Conference on High-ene'12og
r y . Mhe Accelerators and
on Nuclear-physics Instrumentation
Another group of papers dealt with departure from cyclic
acceleration of electrons due to radiation and quantum
effects (AoN. Lebedev and D.G. Koshkarev participated
in this group).
At the evening session on September 16, twelve papers
were presented which described technical details of high-
energy accelerators.
TIle 7 BeV proton synchrotron in Moscow and a planned
50 BeV synchrophasotron in Serpukhov were~described by
V.V. Vladimirskiy.
Enkineer-Zinoylvey-described 30s 90 and 200 MeV linear
electron accelerators, constructed at UPTI.
A.A. Voroblyev read a paper on "The Theory of Cyclic
Waveguide Electron Accelerators", based, on his own work
and that of A.N. Did-enkol Ye.S. Kovalenko and B~N.Morozo,7____
A.t the morning session an September 17, devoted to
Card3/4

S/139/60/000/01/040/041
International Conference on High-energEY2RAMe Accelerators and
on Nuclear-physics Instrumentation
prciduction, extraction and separation of particles in
high-energy machines, papers were read by S.V. Chuvilo
(formation of a meson beam of 7 BeV/c momentum in the
Dubno synchrophasotron) and by Professor Panovskiy
(microwave separation of -particles).
ASSOCIATIONS: Moskovskiy gosuniversitat imeni M.V, Lomonosova
(Moscow State University imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
Tomskiy pollt elf hn.Lch eskiy institut imeni. S.M. Kirova
(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M. Kirov)
SUBMITTED: December 11, 1959
Card 4/4

5/139/60/000/03/042/045
1?324536~imtsev, B.F.
AUTHORS: Voroblyev A A. Savintsev, P. a
The Ion'
TITLEo, isa~tion tentials of Atoms and the Mutual
Solubility of Metals
PERXODICAL: izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh ztvedeniy, Fizika,
1.960, No 3, pp 233.- 2341(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Depending on the type of interaction between the
components, fused metals can form various types of
alloys, e.g. eutectic mixtures, solid solution.84or
chemical compounds. It is well known that there is
a definite periodicity in the ionisation potentials
of elements,cbpending on their position in the per7Aodic
table. It is argued that intermetallic compoundallare
fomed when the ionisation potentials of the two metals
are considerably different. Conversely, in the case of
eutectic alloys, the ionisation potentials of the
components are roughly the same. Solid solutions are
formed-when the difference between the ionisation
potentials of the components approach a certain average
value. These ideas are illustrated in Table 1, in which
Cardl/2 eutectic alloys are shown on the left and solid solutions

The Ionisation Potentials of Atoms and the Mutual Solubility of
Metals
on the right. 9 1 and. %02 are the ionisation potentials
and-It-9-- is the difference between them.
There are 1 table and 2 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Tomskiy politekhnicheakiy inatitut imeni, S.M. Kirova
(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M. Kirov)
SUBMITTED: October 26, 1959 ke*-,-c
Card 2/2

$3366
S/139/60/000/004/033/033
Y-3 00 E201/E591
AUTHORS: -Voroblyev, A.A. and Melik-Gaykazyan, I. Ya.
TITLE: Electron and Hole Centres in Ionic Ciystals and the
Lattice Energy
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Fizika,
ig6o, No.4, p.239
TEXT: Many physical and chemical properties of real ionic
lare related to the lattice energy (Ref.1). The lattice
crystals .
energy characterizes an ideal crystal and its relationship with
real crystals suggests that crystal imperfections may be governed
by this energy (Ref.2). Among the defects related to the lattice
energy are electron capture centres in alkali-halide crystals
(Ref-3). It is also known that the energy quantum corresponding
to an absorption band maximum rises with increase of the lattice
energy in ionic crystals (Refs.4,5)- Several electron and hole
centres have their own absorption bands, each is characterized by
a definite binding energy of the excess charge captured in the
lattice. Figs. I and 2 compare the energy quanta corresponding
to the maxima of electron and hole bands with the energy lattice
of NaCl, EC1. and KBr using 7), V,)T- all
Card 1/2

83366
S/139/6o/ooo/oo4/033/033
E201/E591
Electron and Hole Centres in Ionic Crystals and the Lattice Energy
-these electron and hole centres the electron or hoie binding
,energy rises with increase of the lattice energy, showing a definite
relationship between defects In an ionic lattice and its energy.
There are 2 figures and 7 references: 5 Soviet and 2 English.
ASSOCIATION: Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy institut imeni S.M.Kirova
(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute imeni S. It. Kirov)
SUBMITTED: September 21, 1959
Card 2/2

S/139/6o/000/005/017/031
E032/9114
AUTHORS: and Ternov, I.M.
TITLE: Physical Problems in the Development of Cyclic
Electron-Ageelerators/I
PERIODICALt Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniyj Fizikaj
1960,'No. 5, PP 100-107
TEXT: The present paper is a.summary of the Proceedings of
the International Conference on High-Energy Accelerators and
Instruments which.took place in-Geneva in September 1959.
There are.7 figures and 3 Soviet referencess
ASSOCIATIONt Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy ins.titut imeni S.M.Kirovaj
(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M. Kirov),
Moskovskiy gosuniversitet imeni M.V. Lomonosova
Woscow State University imeni M.V. Lomonosov)
SUBMITTED; December 22, 1959
Card 1/1

S/139/6o/00OF/Oo6/028/032
/j 104.3 -.E032/9414
to ~/1~0
AUTHORS, A,A. Vorob4yev, G,-A. and Kostrygin, V.A'.
TITLE?. Dependence on Thickness of the Breakdown Time of a
Dielectric
PERIODICAL2 Izvestiya vyashikh uchebnyUh zavedeniy, Fizika,
1960, No.6, ppa-166-167
TEM: Previous work on the electrical breakdown of solid
dielectrics (Ref.1 to 4) showed that there ex1sta an analogy
between the -behaviour of solid dielectrics and air. It was
shown that the formation of discharge in NaCl and KC1 trystals,
having a th3.ckneas of a few tenths of a millimeter or more,
ia in fact a single cascade process. Fig.1 shows the
dependence of the discharge delay time td as a function of the
specimen thickness of NaC1, KC1 and KBr crystals (td is in
secondsT d is in cm), Fig.2 which was obtained experimentally
by the Oresent authors shows the discharge delay time td for an
air gap as a function of the air gap length d (in mm),o The
results shown in Fig,2 were obtained*with P -- 759 mm Hg,
Card 1/3

s/t39/60/000/006/028/032
E032/9414
Dependence on Thickness of the Breakdown Time of a Dielettric
t ~- 20*C and the spherical electrodes irradiated with VV to
avoid stattattcal effects, The analogy between the two figures
is apparent, There are 2 figures and 8 referencest 7 Soviet and
1 non-Soviet,
ASSOCIATION4 Tamskiy polftekhnicheskiy institut Imeni S-MAtrova
(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute imeni S.,M,Kirov)
SUBMITTED2 October 6. 1960
Card 213

88059
S/139/60/000/006/028/032
E032/E4i4
'Dependence.on Thickness of the Breakdown Time of a Dielectric

JN

t-rr-

A~

J'a al,,4
Pitc. 2. SAMICHMOCIb spette
WI 3MI3AtAU3MISI P33pflaa
PlIc. 1. 3allIMIUMb Opeue. 07 AAIIIIU 81)33YWHoru npo-
mewpica d,
It" 3Ajia:;Auuamiw d3pflAd 13
a xp#scsaA.jdx Nail, KC1 If,
KBr OT 10AUUMU u6pa3lta
Card 3/3

Fig.2.

86088
/9.3 s/no/60/000/007/001/005
9'2'~00 2073/E535
0~e~ Doctor of Physic*-Mathematical Sciences,
AUTHORSs V~oFrobt
6 Candidate of Technical Sciences,
0 6
0
Dmitrevskiy, V.S., Candidate of Technical Sciences and
Ka'lyatakiy, I.I., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLEt New High-Voltage Laboratory in Siberia.
PERIODICAL: Vestnik elektropromyshlennosti, 1960, No-7, pp.18-21
TEXT: In 1960 a comprehensive high-voltage laboratory was
built at the Tomakly politekhnicheakiy institut (Tomsk Polytechnical
Institute). Breakdown phenomena of gaseous and liquid Insulation,
the breakdown and destruction of solid dielectrics'and the insula-
tion systems of high-voltage power equipment will be studied in
this laboratory; it will also be available for experiments by
stud'ents specializing in high-voitage engineering. The laboratory
has a high-voltage hall of 460 m floor space, an open testing area
of 4600 M2. and auxiliary buildings. The main equipment consists
ofa 5000 kV outdoor and a 3000 kV indoor surge generators and a
series of test transformers rated at 50 c-P-s-, 1000 kV and
1000 kVA. The space occupied by this equipment was the main
Card 1/5

88068
s/110/60/000/007/001/005
E073/E535
Now High-Voltage Laboratory in Siberia
factor determining the dimensions of the high-voltage laboratory.
The high-~voltage hall is 21 x 22 m with a height of 16 m. It has
natural illumination from the southern and western sides, a
ventilation system that ensures complete replacement of the air
five times an hour, water-operated heating and electric lighting.
For handling the equipment a 5 ton gantry crane with a span of
20 m4s available. The 3000 kV surge generator is 9 m high with
cross-section dimensions of 2.5 x 4 m. The step up-rectifier
system for charging the surge generators is based on a doubling
circuit with a maximum voltage of 300 kV and a power consumption
of 20 kVA during maximal conditions. Aphotograph is included
of the 3000 kV surge generator with a sphere-sphere gap. The total
weight of the generator is about 12 tons. It has equipment for
automatic striking of the first discharge gap, automatic grounding
on disconnecting the generator, equipment for changing the polarity
of the pulse and remote control of the movement of the rod with the
intermediate discharge gaps and of the bottom, 1 mm dia., metering
sphere. A 12-stage, 1200 kV surge generator is also erected in
Card 2/5

88088
s/ilo/60/000/007/001/005
9073/2535
Now High-Voltage Laboratory in Siberia
this hall and is built in six storeys, each containing condensers
in metallic housings, 0.28 )LF, 100 kV operating voltage; when using
a surge capacitance of 23 000 pF, the energy reserve is 16.5 W-secs.
There is also a third surge generator, of 600 kYj made up of two
stages and having an energy reserve of 17-3 W-secs when the
capacitance during the surge is 96 000 pF. The screening, which in
described, proved sufficient during operation of the surge
generator to exclude any electromagnetic influence on the metering
and radio circuits in the halls neighbouring the high-voltage hall.
Test transformers are used as the high-voltage a.c. source, and
are installed in two zones of the high-voltage hall. For inter-
phase tests, a 250 kV, 150 kVA transformer is used. Phase
insulation is tested by means of a 200 kV9 35 kVA transformer. The
transformers have a stepless voltage regulation and the necessary
protective equipment. For measuring the high-voltage, 50 cm dia.
sphere-sphere discharge gaps and 300 kV voltmeters are provided.
Liquid insulation is tested in a tank of 3 m dia. and 16 m3 volume
which has a removeable lid and a bushing designed for 110 kV.
Card 3/5

88088
S/110/60/000/007/001/005
E073/E535
New High-Voltage Laboratory in Siberia
Control of each of the high-voltage apparatus and the metering
equipment in independent and is concentrated on a platform 3 m wide
located at the third storey fitted with control panels for the
200 kV and.250 kV transformers and for the 600, 1200 and 3000 kV
surge :generators. The dimensions of the hall were governed by the
size of the 3000 kV surge generator. The outdoor test space,
80 x 50 m, is provided for investigating insulation under the
conditions.of the Siberian climate. The high-voltage equipment of
this test area consists of three 1000 kV, 1000 kVA transformers and
a 5000 kV surge generator. The control of the high-voltage outdoor
apparatus-is from a single-storey building with a floor space of
2
170 m A photograph in included of the outdoor test area which
also shows a general view of the high-voltage laboratory building.
The training and auxiliary buildings consist of a high-voltage
laboratory with equipment for obtaining aece, d.c. and surge
voltages up to 300 kV, an over-voltage laboratory, an oacillograpuAc
.laboratory and an insulation engineering laboratory, with an air-
conditioned chamber in which any temperature between -70 and 100%
Card 4/5

88088
S/110/60/000/007/001/005
9073/Z535
New High-Voltage Laboratory in Siberia
can be maintained while a high voltage of 30 kV is applied.
There are 4 figures.
Card 5/5

S/003/60/ooo/oo8/ool/oo2
E073/E535
AUTHORS: Vorahly-ev, A.A., Professor, Doctor of Physico-Mathematical
-5clences an dr-eyev, G. A., Candidate of Technical
Sciences
TITLE: The Problem Laboratory Stimulates Ma .Jor Creative Work
PERIODICAL:Vestnik vysshey shkoly,,1960, No.8, pp.48-51
TEXT: The problem laboratories which were created in 1957 are
now fully in.operation and have yielded the first results. The
scientific activity of the Chairs has considerably expanded as a
result of these laboratories, both as regards research.on acute
problems and the 'teaching activity of the Chairs. Positive results
have been achieved by a number of Chairs of the Tomsk PolytechnIcal
Institute imeni S. M. Kirov after establishing a problem laboratory
on electronics,-dielectri*cs' and semiconductors* The laboratory,
whic.h. was jointly by the Chairs of Physics, High-
voltage Engineering, Electrical Insulation and Cable Engineering
has brought about full coordination of the activities of the 32
.scientific workers of these Chairs, During the three years which
have elapsed since the establishment of this laboratory, the
1/5

S/003/60/000/008/001/002
E073/E533
The Problem Laboratory Stimulates Major Creative Work
personnel of these Chairs have prepared two doctor dissertations
and six candidate dissertations and have published over 100
articles, although before hardly any scientific work was carried
out in the Chair of Physics. The relevant feature of the
Jaboratory is its unified scientific leadership. At present, 73
scientific workers of the Institute participate in the investigations,
of which three are doctors of science, 16 are candidates of science
and 21 are post-graduates. The laboratory consists of three
sections, each of which deals with a subject relating to the
following two problems: physical and chomical properties, strength V
and failure of dielectrics and semiconductors; development of radio
circuits for instruments incorporating semiconductors4 In the
individual sections of the laboratory, the electrical, mechanical,
physical and chemical properties of single crystals of alkali-
haloid salts, solid solutions, oxides of the metals of the second
group of the periodic table are being studied. The results
enabled the theoretically and practically important conclusion on
the existence of an inter-relation between the electrical,
,Card 2/5

S/003/60/000/008/ool/002
E073/E535
The Problem Laboratory Stimulates Major Creative Work
mechanical and other characteristics of simple dielectrics and the
energies of their crystal lattice, thus providing a theoretical
basis for developing dielectrics with pre-determined properties.
In the second on the physical and :chemical properties of dielectrics,
the mechanism of formation of a contact layer in dielectrics and
semiconductors was studied. Extensive data on the conditions and
causes of generation of cando-luminescence of industrial crystal
phosphors due to the effect of flames were obtained by Docent
V. A. Sokolov and formed the basis of a recent doctor dissertation.
Considerable successes have been obtained In the High-voltage
Division (headed by Candidate of Technical ScienceB 1. 1. Kalyatskiy)
relating to the electric strength of ionic solid dielectrics; it was
found that short duration impulses produce In solid dielectrics a
discharge which develops in a similar manner to gas discharges.
It was also found that in the case of the point electrode being of
positive polarity, the average speed of the discharge increases
with decreasing temperature and with increasing energy of the
crystal lattice of the dielectrici the results were presented in
candi'date dissertations (defended in 1958) by G. A. Andreyev,
Card 3/5

s/oo3/6o/ooo/oo8/ooi/oo2
9073/9535
The Problem Laboratory Stimulates Major Creative Work
A. F. Astafurov and V. D. Kuchin. Under the leadership of Docent
V. S. Dmitrevs1dy and senior reader M. F~ Pisartsev, the electro-
physical properties of electrically insulating concretes have been
investigated. This laboratory participates in the work relating to
astablishing the largest teaching and research high-voltage
laboratory in Siberia. The Iligh-voltAgo Hall of this laboratory is
already equipped with test transformers for 200 and 350 kV, surge
generators of 3 million volt, I million volt and 600 kV. A series
of transformers for 1 million volt have already been installed and -the
erection has begun of a unique 5 million volt surge generator and of
a 2.5 million volt electrostatic generator. This laboratory will be
used for testing industrial equipment rated for voltages up to 220 kV.
In the division on millimicrosecond techniques (headed by Candidate
of Technical Sciences G. A. Voroblyev), the volt-second character-
istics of various dielectrics are being investigated. It was found
that for equal electric strength of gaps the breakdown of the
dielectrics occurs 'in the following sequence: solid dielectric,
gas, liquid dielectric, a conclusion of great importance from the
point of view of insulation coordination. Circuits and instruments
Card 4/5

S/003/60/000/008/001/002
E073/E535
The Problem Laboratory Stimulates Major Creative Work
were devised which enable recordi ng on a film ultrashort (of 10- 10 see
duration) voltage surges and also a fast-action arrestor for over-
voltage protection of high voltage apparatus. Furthermore, 27
for single high voltage qrges with amplitudes up to 40 kV and
durations up to 3.2 X 10 sec were developed,
Under the leadership of Docent I~ A. Suslov, methods of calculation
of video amplifiers and of designing miniature transistorized
television cameras1have been developed. The theoretical and
experimental work of this laboratory is reflected in 206 papers and
6 books published by the personnel; at present 12 books and 76 papers
are in the process of publication. In addition, 87 papers and
communications were presented at conferences. The laboratory is in
contact with numerous other Soviet scientific establishments and
also with the Polytechnical Institutes of "Ts-ftnkhuall (China) and
Jassy (Roumania),, The studies of the Power Engineering Department
have established the possibility of using concrete as a dielectric
in high voltage engineering. As a result of this, the cost of
building a 22 m insulated tower for the 5 million volt surge
generator was reduced considerably. in eni
WFDTION: Tvskky pylitelchniche k' J,M.Ktrova
ar 5 oms Po ytechnical Ns'~ituttilmutenimS.M irovi

'Y1
3/181 607CV2'/04/18/034
B002YS063
AUTHORS: Yoroblyevt A# A,t Budylint B. V.
TITLE: Spontaneous Formation of F-Centera~ln Irradiated Alkali
Haloid Crystals After Ann-ea-Trn-g 7?
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, 1960, Vol, 2, No- 4P pp. 663-664
TFJT: Crystals of NaClp KC1, KBr, and KI were bombarded with thermal
neutrons in a nuclear reactor for three days. The color of the specimens
changed so strongly that even 1 mm thick layers weis opaque* The crystals
regained their transparency when heated to 200-450 C. But changes occurred
again in the course of time. At the same timet the electrical conductivity
of the crystals decreasedp and their microhardness increased. The color
changes were due to gamma- and beta radiation of the nuclei activated in
the reactor., They vanished almost completely after 5 - 7 days., This effect
may be utilized for the following experiment: A small amount of
Bi209 Is Isomorphously lntr~oduced-into a KCI crystal, The former passee
83 210 209 210
over into 83 Bi during the irradiation: 83 Bi + 0n# --0 83 Bi +
Card 1/2

81958
Spontaneous Forration of F-Centers In B1181J6010021641181034
Irradiated Alkali Haloid Crystals After B002/Bo63
Annealing
The latter is a P'emitter which passes over into 84po 210 with a half-life
of five days. Thelatter is a strong a-emitter with a half-life of 138 days.
About 10-12 days.after their removal from the reactor the crystals sbow -
di'ter heating - only the effect of the a-radiation of polonium. There are
5 non-Soviet references,
SUBMITT,ED: July 20, 1959
Card 2/2

TOBOBITZT,, A*Ai AXDRNM*,G.A.
Determing the energy of destruction following breakdown In a6.'Id
dielectricos Fiso tvar, tala 2 no-3:987-992 Ky 160.
(ULU 1"410)
1. Politakhr4chaskiy Inatitut, Tomak.
(Dielectrics)

S/181/60/002/609/037/047/XX
B004/BO70
AUTHORSs Vorobt ev, A. A., Voroblyev, G. A., and Mellnikov, M. A.
Propagation of a Discharge in Monocrystais of NaCl and KCI
PERIODICALt Fizika tverdogo tela, 1960, Vol. 20 No. 9, pp. 2019,2024
monocrystals of NaCI and KC1 were studied.
TEXT: Electric disc
Table 1 giM a summary of the different conditions under which the
experiments were carried out t discharge between a negative point
electrode and a plane, between a positive point electrode and a plane,
and between two point electrodes in a homogeneous field. Fig. 1 shows
microphotographs of an incomplete discharge between a positive point
.electrode and a plane, and a negative point electrode and a plane.
According to the calculations of Ref. 9, there is formed a molten channel
of a diameter of some microns. Therefore, the duration td of the diacharge
was measured by means of an oscillograph, and the length id of the channel
was determined with a microscope; the functions 1 d 0 f(td and vd . dl/dt
were obtained. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the function vd f(t d) for
Card 1/3

Propagation of a Discharge in Monocryst.als S/181 60/002/009/037/047/XX
of NaCl and KCI B004XB070
positive and negative point electrodes. Since ld increases with t d' the
observed phenomena may be explained as a single-avalanche discharge. The
'discharge proceeds*along the (1003 plane of the crystal for a negative
point electrode; it proceeds along the plane [m) and, less often, along
L110] for a positive point electrode. The average value v m of the rate
of propagation of the discharge was calculated (Table 2). v is consider-
M
ably higher for a positive than for a negative point electrodes Therefore,
there is an analogy between the discharge in the crystals investigated and
that in a long stretch of air. The following relation was found to exist
for positive point electrodes: v d - 0.1(db/t d min )e(bt/t d min )(1), where
.,d is the distance of the electrodes (0.4 - 1.2 mm), b a constant, td min
the minimum dincharge time. Fig. 4 shows a microphotograph of the dis-
charge between two points. The discharge channels are in the neighborhood
of the negative point. Direction and rate of discharge depend on the
structure of the field, which is influenced by the positive ion charge.
On account of impact ionization, the ionic charge is so concentrated in
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Propagation of a Discharge in Yon,)crystals 8/181 60/002/009/037/047/XX
of NaCl and KCI B004YB070
solid dielectriae that the propagation of the discharge depends on it..
There are 4 figures, 2 tables, and 12 referencoss 11 Soviet and I German.
ASSOCIATIORt Tomskiy politekbnicheakiy institut tTomnk Polytechnic
Institute)
SUBMITTED: February 10, 1960
Card 3/3

YORCBITZV, A.A.-, d0ktor takha.oauk, prof.; xL-orLIVSKATA, T.Tu., ln:sb.
Possible desing of a grounding system. rzv. vys. acheb. say.;
energ. 3 no. 7:42-44 J1 160. (KRA 13:8)
1.-Tamokty ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Zaameni politakhnicheakiy
Institut imeni SoM. Itrovas Predstavlena lafedrqy tekhniki
vysokIkb nipryasbenty.
(Blectric currents--Grounding)
(Lightning protection)

2o623
7,y.3aa
Vi. I g Ot 10 40JI 10-141
S10631601005100510121021
1051/AO29
AUTHORSs Voroblyev. A.A.. Professor, Zavadovskaya, Ye.K., Professor,
Idy-.ev, V.V-.,'Candidate 6f Chemical Scienc,:,9, Melik-Gaykazyan,
I.Ya., Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Savintsev,
P.A., Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
TITLEt Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics
PERIODICALt Zhurnal Vaesoyuznogo Khimicheskogo ObBhchestva im.D.I.
Mendeleyeva, 1960, No. 5, Vol. 5, PP- 573-562
TEXTs Dielectrical materials should have a high thermal, chemical and radi-
ation resistance, a high mechanical and electrical strength, in some cases
they~should have a low value of the angle of losses, a low electroconductiv-
ity and a high dielectrical constant (Ref.1). Some of the more recent
fields of application are scintillation counters, where the dielectrics with
a large width of the forbidden zone of energy are used, or in exploeives
(Ref.2), where the electronic and ionic processes which occasionally take
Card 1/-PT

S/063/60/005/005/012/021
.A051/AO29
Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics
place in the-dielectrics are applied. In outlining the physico-chemical
properties of dielectrics, the connection between these properties are dis-
cussed in reference to the energy of the lattice. It is pointed out that,
since little is known of the physical processes in dielectrics when acted
upon by an electrical field# chemistry and the science of electrical materi-
als is mostly empirical. The physical properties of dielectrics in relation
to their chemical composition and structure were studied. The dieleatrical
properties of simple substances with a known chemical composition were in-
vestigated (Ref.1,4-24). It was found that the main properties of the di-
eleotrics (thermal resistancet binding energy of the elotron in the lattice,
mechanical strength, optical properties~ etc.),were directly determined by
the strength and nature of the particle bond in the lattice. Under the ef-
foot of external conditions the interaction energy between these particles
can be overcome and the lattice destroyed. A number of graphs are presented
.indicating how the various properties are affected by the lattice energy, i.
o., the energy value necessary to divide the crystal lattice, consisting of
ions, to individual ions and separation of these from one another to an in-
finitely large distance at a temperature of absolute zero. The case of bi-
nary ionic compounds of the 'mBn type, as described by Kapustinakiy (Ref. 25),
Card 2/+T~'

20623
510611601005100510121021
Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics A051~AO29
is given where the calculation of the 'energy of the lattices with a coordin-
ation number 6, is eatimated according to formula (I)i U - 256.1
(a + b)Wk-WB , where a is the number of cations, b the number of anions,
RA + RB and WB the Valencies of the anion and tte cation, RA WA
and RB the radii of the corresponding ions for. the stiucture of a lattice of
the sodium chloride type. A later version of-the formula, where also the re-
pulsionjas well as the attraction of the ions is considered, is given ast
WA 0 W,,(a + b) 0.345 )
U W 287.2 RA + RB - (I - RA +RB (2). The ionic crystals have a high
value of lattice energy and thus also a high value of thermal and mechanical
strength. In the case of isodesmio ionic lattices of the same structural
type, the properties of the materials are connected with the energy of the
crystal lattice determined by the chemical composition. Fig-1 in a graphical
representation of -the effect of the hardness according to Mooop melting
point, electrical strength of the ionic crystals by the lattice energy, Fig.2
shows the same relationship for alkali earth metal oxides. From equation 1
it is seen that with a decrease in the size of the particles, which make up
X
Card 3M_

2o623
S/063J60/005/005/012/021
Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics A051/A029
the1att ice, tbellattice energy increases. Fig.3 represents the relationship
between the change in volume of an elementary nucleus of a molecule (Rej-.3)
in various compounds according to data from Y-rav analyses,.and the lattice
energy for crystals of alkali-halide c3mpouncLs. Fig.4 gives the relation-
ship of the number of ions n in one cm to the lattice energy for crystals of
alkali-halide salts. The value of n was determined fromi
N-d 23
n a 2(A1+A2) (3), where N is - 6.06,10 , d the speci Ifie gravity, A1and A 2
.atomic weights of the ions. The specific thermal capacity c , at a constant
pressure, is giren in Fig. 5 in relation to the lattice cmergyp and Fig. 6 shows
the relationship of the melting heat to the lattice energy. Experiments show-
ed that the optical properties of ionic crystals also depend an the lattice
energy. With an increase in the latter, the absorption of light changes in
the infrared, visible andultraviolet regions according to certain' rules.
The electronic polarizability in relation to the lattice energy for alkaline
halides is shown In Fig.8 (Ref.30931). A decrease or an increase of the di-
.electrical constant and of its components will be noted due to the shift in
the ions corresponding to the change in the ion polarizability of the ions
and their concentration with a change in the lattice energy. Fig.9 repre-
Card

20623
S/063/60/005/005/0!2/021
Physico-Chemioal Problems of Dielectrics A051/AO29
sents the change in the electronic component of the dielectrical constant
with a change in the lattice energy for crystal,, of the alkali-halide com-
pound seriea. The relationship of the electroconductivity to the tempera-
ture of ionic crystals is described by the formulas
6-=,e,le-u1 /kT + c3pe-u2/kT
, where u is the activation energy of the libera-
tion processes of the ions in the lattile. Experimental data showed that a
significant increase of'the high-temperature range of the activation energy
takes place with an increase in the lattice energy of the alkali-halide salt
crystals. The Bum of the activation energies at low and high temperatures
was found to depend on the lattice energy. The conclusion is drawn here
that the electroconductivity of the crystals is connected with the energy of
the crystal lattice in a law sequence. Other properties, such as the effect-
ive mass.of the electron and the magnitude of the oscillating quantum, are
also thought to depend on the lattice energy. It is pointed out here that
these relationships must be accurately established. The electrical strength
of the dielectric is thought to increase with an increase in the lattice
energy (Pig,10). Other properties, such as the thermal resistance of the
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20623
s/o63/60/005/005/012/021
Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics A051/ "029
icnic crystals are in a reverse relationship to the lattice energy, but this
phenomenon is assumed to be illusionary, since the decomposition of these
substances is also determined by the ionization potential, aswell as the
lattice energy-. The reverse relationship is also observed in the case of the
heterodoamic ttructures. Data obtained from Refo.9110 on a comparison of the
phyaico-chemical properties of liquid and ganootto organic dielectriGa with
their electrical strength in the aliphatic hydrocarbon series showed that the
electrical strength changes sympatically with the change in the intermolecu-
lar bond strength and does not depend on the bond strength within the mole-
cule. These results were used to form a graph of the spark-over of the or-
ganio dielectrlc--~ (Fig,11). Further mention is made of the connection be-
tween the phy31oo-chemical properties of dielectrics and the lattice energy
when the stru,.ture is destroyed. The contraversial facts noted in real crys-
tale.viz., the mechanical properties of these single crystals changing ac-
cording to certain rules with the change in the lattice energy, are explain-
ed by the behavior of the defects, especially of dislocations, i.e., by the
energy of the crystal lattice. One of the possible means for obtaining a
controllAble concentration of the defects in the lattice is the formation of
solid solutions. Upon investigating the electrical properties of the solid
Card 6/T7-

20623
S10631601005100510121021
Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics A051/AO29
solutions Cac, ZrO , a defect in their structure was noted (Ref,47). A com-
plex.investiE;tioR of the physioal properties of the solid solutions KC1-RbCl,
KC1-KBr, RaC!--NaBr was carried out. It was proven that the general oharac-
teristio, wh:'.ch determines the physical properties of a complex dielectric,
was the heat of formation. It 'is expected that a drop in the interaotion
forces would involve a drop in the strength and an increase In the defeet of
the solid solution. The relationship between the heat of formation of the
solid aoluti3n and the average number of particles n included in the volume
of the elemeatary nucleus (for an ideal single crystal n - 8) leads to the
conclusion that the more heat absarbed in the formation of the solid solution,
i.e., the lower the energy of interaction of the particles in the crystal
lattice of the crystal,the more defective is its structure. The connection
between the defectiveness of the struoture and the lattice energy leads the
authore'to assume that the laws obtained for the single crystals are also ap_
plioable to the polycrystals used commercially. Finally, the authors discuss
the connection between the physico-chemical properties of solid solutions of
alkali-halide salts. It is said that the introduction of admixtures into the
crystal can lead to a change in the interaction between the particles of the
crystal lattice of the substance. Experimental data on the physico-chemical
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20623
S/063/60/005/005/0'!2/021
Physico-Chemical Problems of Dielectrics A051/AO29
properties cf solid solutions of ionic compounds are compared and certain as-
aumptions are therefrom derived on the interaction of ions in the investight-
ed systems. The most important value characterizing solid solutions is their
heat of formation and reference is made to the formula used by Grimm (Ref.61)
for caluclating the energy of the crystal lattice. The heat of formation of
the solid solution is estimated experimentally as the difference between the
heats of dic3olution of the solid substance and the mechanical mixture of
components having the same weight and composition. The connection between
the heat of formation and the electrical properties of the alkali-halide
polid solutions In noted. The electrical strength of NaCl-NaBr, KBr-KJ, KC1-
-m3r. NaBr-Y.3r is lower than that of the components. Solid solutions formed
by heat absorption have a weakened structure and are characterized by a low-
ered electrical, schematic and thermal strength, high,dielectrical losses and
a defective structure. The electrical characteriBtics of dielectrics are
connected with other properties, e.g., in the case of ionic crystals with the
lattice energy, in homeopolar crystals with the energy of atomization, in
molecular.orystals with the energy of intermolecular bonds and in solid so-
lutions with the amount of heat liberated in their formation. All these va-
lues are the higher, the higher the mechanical, thermal, chemical and elec-
Card 8/t%

S106,1~ elftIO0510121021
Physico-Chcmical Problems of Dielectrics A051/AO23
trical strength of the dielectrics. The authors point out that in selecting
new materinla for dielectrics compounds with highly-charged atoms (boron, si-
licon, ete.),should be combined with non-deforming atoms creatine rigid bonds
(nitrogen, fluorine, etc.). It is worthwhile to investigate the possibil-
ities of uaing temperatures and pressures obtained in explosive procosses and
electrical explosion3 when producing dielectrics to overcome the high activa-
tion, barri~~rs of the reaction. The problem of selecting new dielectrical
materials'is a matter for the chemist,as well as the physicist. There are
15 figures,, .4 formulae, 1 table and 81 references: 62 Soviet, 12 English,
-6 German, I"unidentified.
,Card 9/q

AUTHORS:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
8170
S/089/60/WB/05/07/008
BO06/B056
Voroblyev, A. A., Didenko,_ A. N., Kovalenko, Ye. S.
Acceleration of Electronelln a Circular Traveling-wave
Iccelerator
Atomnaya onergiya, 1960, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 459 - 461
TEXT; The suggestion to use a closed circular curved waveguide (the
cross saction of which is shown on p. 459) as accelerator system was
made by Voroblyev *(Ref. I); in this waveguide an electromagnetic ways
with a non-vanishing y-component of the electric field propagates. The
charge of tho waveguide is such that within the range of the mean ra-
dius the phase velocity of the wave is v = oe The propagation of the
ph
waves in curved waveguides which are unlimited in the axial direction
have already been investigated in an earlier paper (Ref. 2). Proceeding
from the results then obtained, theauthors in the present paper in-
vestigated the possibilities of a control of the particle trajectories
by the wave field itself. From the results obtained in Ref. 2 the
Card 113

81747
Acceleration of Electrons in a Circular B/089/60/008/o/07/008
Traveling-4ave Accelerator B006/BO56
conclusion may be drawn that 1) the curvature of the waveguide reduces
the phase velocity of the cophasal waves, and 2) that the influence
exerted by the curvature upon the dispersion properties of a system
closed in the axial direction .is at vph --t c considerably greater than
In an axially not closed system. These results are discussed. Several
questions,relating to the selection of the waveguide parameters are
briefly discussed. Contrary to an ordinw.-y synchrotron, the high fre-
quency field in this waveguide accelerator is highly inhomogeneous in
axial and radial direction (all components depend in a complex manner
on r,and z). The dynamics of the particles In the cyclic waveguido
accelerator is, however, similar to those in a cyclotron, and the com-
:plex wave field does not disturb the norsal operation of the accelera-
tor. The Puggestions for the control of particle trajectories in the
curved waveguide by means of the traveling wave field, which had been
made by Voroblyev already in Ref. 6, are finally discussed (stability
conditions - equation (5)). These possibilities of trajectory control
by the traveling wave field as well as the possibility of avoiding some
technical difficulties occurring in the construction of cyclic
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81747
Acceleration of Electrons in a.Circular 8/089/60/008/05/(Y7/008
Traveling-wave Accelerator B006/BO56
high-energy electron accelerators make the use of curved waveguides in
cyclic accelerators interestinge There are I figure and 6 Soviet refe-
rences*
SUMIITM., March 90 1959
3/3

80028
0
SI04816010241011061009
.7 .2 B006/BO14
IUTHORSt Voroblyev, A. A.9 Voroblyevv 0. A_
X
TITLEx Rules Governing Pulsed Breakdown of Solid Dieleotrics~
PERIODICALs ~Izysstiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Serlya fixiche'skaya, 1960,
Vol. 24, No. 1, PP- 75-83
TEXTs The article under reviewq which was read at the Second Ill-Union
Conference on the P~Xsics of Dielectric (Moscow, November 20-27, 1958),
gives an acoount of the present stage of research concerning the subject
mentioned in the title. In the fifties the Tomskiy politekhniehookiy
institut (Tomsk Polytechnic Institute) developed a method which is used
to study pulsed breakdown of solid dielectrics as well as a method
employed for the production and recording of pulsed voltages with
durations of down to 10-9 see. 0. 1. Voroblyev and T. D. Kuchin measured
the dependence of electric strength of NaCl, M, KBr_,_&_n_d1U_single
crystals upon the duration of -voltage action. It is shown that the
minimum wat strongly shifted toward shorter times. This effect was
explained by M. A. Mellnikov. Mellnikov also took the volt-second
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80028
.Rules Governing Pulsed Breakdown of Solid S1048160102410110"1009
Dielectric3- B00971~14
characteristic of the same crystals with exposures from 1 10-9 see on
(Fig. 2).. The corresponding results as well as those obtained from a
number of.other publications are discussed in this article. K. M. Kevroleva
carried out investigations of crystal hydrates, and obtained volt-second
characteristics similar to those of alkali halides. Ye. A. Konorova
6 _ -8 -
studied the electric strength wiWin the range I - 10- 5-10 aso without
finding any change. Similar investigations carried out by MeVnikov showed
that the disruptive strength increased by 15 per cent when the shortest
exposure within the range 1,10-6 _ 5-10-9 see was used. Furtherv he studied
the volt-a econd characteristics of pplymeral(Fig- 5), Again# he noticed
that the disruptive strength inered_s_~Tt_775-20 'per cent when the shortest
exposure was applied. A. V. Astafurov measured the volt-sec d character-
istics of-rock salt, river ice, paraffinp and organic glaBagn breakdown
in great thicknesses (Fig. 6). Next, the authors give further results
concerning characteristics obtained at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute and
give a :3urvey of details reported in numerous publications on the break-
down delay. The authors discuss results obtained by A. F. VaVter, L. D.
Inge, Mellnikov, Vor.oblyev, Kevroleva, Astafurov, and many WestWr-n autho
Card 2/4

80028
Rules Governing Pulsed Breakdown of Solid S1048160,10241011061009
Dielectrics B006/BO14
The duration of breakdown delay is composed of the delay time and the
duration of the development of the discharge tf. An confirmed by the
data of the accompanying table, the mean velocity vm of propagation of a
discharge may be satisfactorily described by the formula v M - d/tfj where
d is the sample thickness.,The sentence of this equation is formulated
and discussed. It. K. Sonchik determined the delay time for FaCl, KC1, KBr,
and KI single crystals. Ee found that vm increases with increasing over-
voltage, increasing lattice energy, and positive polarity of the peak. In
the following, the authors discuss a few details concerning the depend-
ence of tho breakdown voltage on the thickness of the-sample, and some
rules iscovered by various authors (Sonchik, Voroblyev, Mellnikov, N. M.
Torbin) are described. The following rules are summarizedt 1) At high
values of d a polarity effect is observable; 2) positive polarity of the
peak shows a higher vm than negative polarity, vm rises with increasing
overvoltagag.3) tf Increases 'With d'i 4) the second stage of discharge in
alkali-halide crystals is shorter by several orders of magnitude than tf.
5) The volt-sooond charaoteristic of alkali-halide single crystal1jakes
a bucket-like course. 6) In -solid dielectrics vM is of the ord er emlabc
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WA
Rules Governing Pulsed Breakdown of Solid 5/048/60/024/01/06/009
Dielectrics B006/BO14
and decreases with a rise in temperature. 7) The breakdown voltage
increases in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous fields'more slowly than with
the thiokne3s of the dielectric. In the case.of many solid dielectrics
it can be described by the same type of equations. In conclusion, a
number of problems are mentioned, which so far have not been solved.
There are 8 figures, I table, and 28 references, 20 of whi0h are Soviet.
ASSOCUTIONi Tonskiy politekhnichaskiy institut (Tomak Polytechnic
Institute)
Card 4/4

AUTHORS:
S/048 IpZ24/000/016/017
B012~B,067
Vlasov, A. G., Voroblyev, A. A., Kislov, A. N.,
MeshchePy-akov,,
TITLE: Investigation of the Losses in Electrons Due to
Scattering in the Residual Gas In the Accelerating
Chamber _1P\ /i
.PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheskaya, 1960,
Vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 1006-1012
TEXT: In the present paper the theoretical calculations of the losses
in accelerated particles due to scattering in the residual gas were
experimentally examined. A suggestion is made for calculating these
losses. First, only the definite results of calculations according to
the methods by N. M. Blachman and E* D. Courant (Refs- 5p6), j. m.
Greenberg and T. H. Berlin (Refs- 7,8) and A. N. Matveyev (Refs. 9,10)
are studied and compared in a Table. This comparison shows that the
various methods lead to different results. The control method and the
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Investigation of the Losses in Electrons S/048 108)924/008/016/017
Due to Scattering in the Residual Gas in the B012~�B(067
Accelerating Chamber
experimental apparatus are then described'. Fig. I shows the measuring
block diagram. The results of measurements are given and compared with
the results of theoretical calculations. In conclusion the following
is stated: character and quantitative comparison of the curves shown
in Fig. 6 indicate that the losses in electrons due to scattering in the
residual gas can be calculated according to the method of Greenberg and
Berlin as well as according to that of Matveyev with sufficient accuracy
since the results differ only by 1.5 -* 1.7 times from one another.
According to the inethod of Blachman an~ Courant the losses in protons
due to scattering in the gas may be estimated, whereas for the electrons
the values obtained by this method are too low. The sufficient agreement
between the experimental and the theoretical results also confirm the
correctness of the method of measurement chosen. V. G. Shestakov
.assisted in the measurements. The collaborators of the NT.I TPI and FTF
assisted the authors in this work. There are 6 figures, 1 table, and
15 references: 8 Soviet and 7 British.
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82839
Investigation of the Losses in Electrons S104Y6010241008101 6/017
Due to Scattering in the Residual Gas in the B012 ]3U67
Accelerating Chamber
'ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-isaledovatellskiy inatitut pri Tomskom
politekhnicheskom institute im. S. M. Kirovs. (Scientific
Research Institute at the Tomsk Polytechnical Inst1tute
imeni S. M. KirovT-
Card 3/3

VOROBIYEV,-Aleksandr Akimovich;PINTALI, Yu.S., red.; VORONIN, K.P., tekbn.
reat
[High and superbigh voltages) Blektricbeskle vyookle i overkbvyoo-
kie napriazhoniia. Mookvaj, Goo, energ, izd-vop 1961. 95 p.
(MIRA 3-4:22)
(Electricity)

PHAm I BOOK mwrunoN SOV15832
Ananlyev., L. M.., A. A. Voroblyev, and V. I. Gorbunov
Induktsionnyy uskoritell elektronov -- betatron (Inductive Accelerators of
Electrzins -- Betatrons) Moscow, Gosatomigdat, 1961. 349 P. 6000 copies
printel.
Ed.: A. F. Alyablyev; Tech. Ed.: Ye. I..Ma*ell.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for students in schools of higher education and
for obientific personnel and engineers copcerned with nuclear physics and with
the design of related machinery and instrumentation.
COVERAGE: The book begins with an explanatign of the elementary electron t66ry of
inductive accelerAtion and the physical pToceases in a betatron. The design of
a tetatron in(itallation., its optinnim pararpetersi =I the design and calculation
of betatron units, e.g.., electromagnets., qircuit diagrams., vacuum systems,, and
adjustment elttments.~azre described. Publi4hed materials and the authors' experience
in the development, construction.. adjustm4ut,, and use of circular-orbit accelerators
C ard

Inductive Acceleraltx-rs of Electrons (Cont.) SOV/5832
and betatrons have been syst.6matized.and used in the book. No personalities
are mentioned.* There are 151 references: -83 Soviet., 59 English,, and 9 German.
References accompany each chapter.. except Ch. VII.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Introduction 3
Ch. I. Elementary Theory of Electron Motion ~n a Betatron 9
1. )&)tian equation of a single electron ip a betatron 11
2. Conditions of steady electron motion i7p a betatron 16
3. Shape of potential functions and the mOtion of electrons 22
4. Variation of electron motion vith time 29
5. Basic condition of electron Injection ~n a betatron 33
6-. Maximum charge being accelerated in a Vetatron 38
.
7. Effect of the magnetic field of an accelerated electron
Peam on electron capture 47
8. Effect of a space charge and certain other factors on the
capture of electrons in order to accelerate them 56
9. Energy absorbed by.electrons in a bet4ron 62
Bibl,iogiraphy to Oh, 1, 67
Card 2/7

2403
S/024/61/ooo/oovool/oA
_y,, . _AIALj Vorob yevi G. A, and Kostrygin, V.A#
AUTHORSs o"I ya 4
.(To sk)
TITLEs On the dependence.of the breakdown time and the
breakdown voltage of die le ctrics on their thickness
PERIODICALi Izvestiya Akadem-ft nauk SSSRI otdoloniye tekhnicheakikh
naul:, Energetika;,1 avtomatika, 1961, No&21 ppe 62-64
TEXTs Tests show that &ere are many identical relationships
between the impulse breakdown of solid dielectric* and of air, and
there is reason to return to the hypothesis of breakdown of solid
dielectrica-by Impact ionisation with electrons. It in of interest
to study the relationship between the breakdown voltage and delay
time of the dielectric an a function of thickness. In air, when
Pd 71,1000-1500 mm HS.cm a:n''d the overvoltage is several percent,
streamer discharge occurs agd at atmospheric pressures the delay
time is of the ordex of Lo see.. At low-air pressures when
pd 4- 200 mu Hg.cm the delay time in of the order of 10-5 see.
This increase in delay time is due to a change in the mechanism of
brea.kdown.- At.low.values of pd,. Townsend's electron avalanche
Card 1/3

4
24403
S/024/61/000/002/Ooi/oi4
on the dependOncO of the breakdown time and the bro'akdown voltage
of dielectrics oll their thickness
breakdown occurs, In the first ionization theory of breakdown of
solid dielectrics, due to A.F* loffe, it was shown that the
electric strength should increase with reduction of thicknesst
it was later noted that in thin solid dielectrics the delay time
may be large because of its statistical nature or because of the
large n'umber Of avalanches necessary to form a conducting path
between the electrodes. Early experiments on rock malt of micron
thickfiess confirm the increase in-electr-ic-strongth and delay time
in thin layers and show that breakdown of solid dielectrics
commences with impact ionization. Fig.1 shown the dependence of
the delay time (in secs) on the thickness, d, in It (leftordinate,
KI; right ordinate, NaCl, KC1, KBr). In this figure the diloy
time is plotted on the y axis and the thickness on the x axis for
rock malt and crystals of KC1, KBr and Klo An the thickness is
reduced the delay time increases. Using the data of this figure
and other data on discharge delay in crystals of 0.1 mm thick and
more, a curve in constructed in Fig.2 for the relationship between
Card .2/

2"03
S/024/61/000/002/001/014
E194/F,133
'On the dependence of the breakdown time and the breakdown voltage
of' dielectrics.on..their, thickness
'the delay tim The'sudden
e see) and the thickness, d,cm.
change in breakdol;rn mechanism-at a critical thickness of about
10 cm is notwd an briefly discuised. The relationship between
the 'delay time (10-9 see)-and the thickness, d, mm, was studied
experimentally for air at atmospheric pressure and the results are
:Plottedin Fig.3. The overvoltage was 10-159. The electrodes
~were radiated with weak ultraviolet light to-avoid statistical
Aelay effects. Here again#.at a thickness of 1.6 mm, there Is a
sudden,change in the.delay~time due to change in the mechanism of
breakdown. Curves of this kind are typical for dielectric& in
which breakdown commences w .ith impact ionisation. Ac6ording to
Paschen's lair, starting from a certain value of pd,. where d and
are very near to one another Ubr' commences to increase'as pd
reduced. Fig.4 shows the relationship of Ebr (MV/cm) and, Ubr
;(kV) and thicknems (6, cm) forrock saltj an the thickness is
:reduced Ebr incre 'ases and possibly if the thickness*were still
.q.'',:further reduced U6 might increase. It- would be of great
r
Card 3/3

24403
S/024/61/000/002/001/014
On the-dependence of the breakdown time and the breakdown voltage
'of dielectrics on their thickness
theoretical interest to verify this experimentally. The results
presented are in agreement with-the hypothesis of impact
ionisation breakdown of solid dielectrics,
There are 4-figures and 9 referencesi 8 Soviet and I Engliah.
The English language reference reads as followal
RG.V.8s F. Seitz. on the theory of electron multiplication in'
cryztals. Phys. Rev., 1949, 76, 9, 1376.
SUBMITTED, ctober 18, 1960
0
top,
- - - rV

4403
S/024/61/000/002/001/014
on the dependence of,the breakdown E194/Ei33
00
rem 30,06
L6
gel
tiff
Ig, to jo
it bw
-TR-f
AP Nit
Fig6 2 Pis.
Card 3/3

VOROBIXEV, A.A.; KOVALEIIKO, Ye.S.
Cyclic accelerator vith trajectory control effected by means
of a high-frequency field. Izv,.vys.ucheb.zave; fiz, no*5:36-38
16L, (MIRA W10)
1. Towzkiy politekhnicheskiy institut, imeni S.M.Kirova.
:(Particle accelerators) (Electric fields)

YOROBOXV, A.A.; VOROBIYEV9 G.A.; MSYATS,, G.A.; USOVs Yu-P.
Spark gap comutation t1me, lzv.vys.ucheb.zav.; fiz. w.5:174-
175 '61- 14:10)
-1, Nauchm-iseledovateltakiy institut pri Towkom politekhnicheakom
institute imeni S.M.Kirova.
(Commtation (Ele#"rricity))

311711/61/003/011/004/056
13 B102/BI38
JLUTHORS, Voroblyev Voroblyevo G. A., and Torbin, N. U.
TITLE1 Discharge formation processes in solid dielectrics
PERIODICALt Pisika tverdogo tolat v. 3, no. lit 19619 3272-3277
TEM Breakdown effects were studied in NaOlt X01 and KBr single crystals&
Breakdown was induced by applying a point with positive or negative
potential to a crystal face. In HaQ1 discharge propagates along the [100
direction if the point his negative polarity# along [Ili] if it has Positive
polarity (minimum breakdown voltage) and along [110] in the case of
positive overvoltage, With growing overvoliage-anods eyarkover thus
changes it3 direction according toll 11]" [1 19]-t [1007 . Discharge propagates
with Vbro d/t fwhere d is the thickness of the crystal and t f the discharge
formation 'times In order to gain data of great interest for the theory of
electric breakdoyni in solid dielectrics the authors measured the currents
passing through the sample before# and in the moment of, breakdown and the
time required for the formation of a breakdown. In most experiments the
point was of positive polarity and the other electrode# a platel of
a ard 1/ 4

~Discharge formation processes in solid
377
0 1 8~61/003/011/004/056
B102 'a 136
negative, The discharge-forming ourrent if increases with increasing
md
sample thickness according to i fske where k,and m ar* constants,
m a 0,2 mm -1 and k a 4#2,104 & (N&01)t 2,5004 & (X01) and 1#8.104 a (KBr)
for positive point polarity. For negative polarity k n 13.5.104 S for
VaOI, From Ithis it may be seen that the higher the lattice energy the
higher must be the disoharge-forming current# The energy of discharge
t2
formation in given by *M& uidt, org in tthe case of breakdown with a
2
square pulse (u - us, . const) W. 0 uzq f idt. An estimation of the
tI
spark channel-in NaCl radii yields the following rasultso
d#mm 2 5 7 10
WM-10-5joule 0.3 1.27 3,21 9.85
r9 o.64 0.83 1.11 1,63
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30772
S11811611003101110041056
Discharge formation processes in solid ... 3102/B138
The channel diameters measured in incomplete breakdown were between 2
and 4~L. The channel radii of streamer sparkover were found to be
-10-4cm. The density-of the discharge-formation current wa3 10 4_105a/cm2
The radius of the luminescent zone in an incomplete breakdown. Light
emission starts at currents of 10-3a and is probably due to thermal
ionization.-'Disoharge propagates 'at a rate of 1.4 - 1.3-10 6 cm/sec.
Conclusionst The channel walls of an incomplete breakdown are melted
-through by the discharge-forming current. Highest breakdown voltage
for negative point polarity and the polarity dependence of the direction
of discharge indicate that impact ionization occurs during the formation
ofthe discharge. The'faot that dis6harge propagates faster if the
point is positive indicates that discharge formation in rock salt is a
process similar to streamer discharge in air. Breakdown voltage and
formation current are higher where the lattice energy is higher. The
high current densities and tM presence of luminescence indicate that
thermal and photoionizations may also be possible during breakdown in
solid.dielectrics. There are 2 figures, 3 tables, and 12 referencess
Card 3/4

30772
S/181/61/003/011/004/056
Discharge formation processes in solid ... B102/B136
7 Soviet and 5 non-Soviet. The four references to English-language
publications read as followso-O.'Zener;-Proc. Roy. Soc. (A), 145, 523,
1934; A. Hippel. Phys.Rev., 5A, 1096, 19381 H; H. Raol. QCRj _4A, 8, 445,
19411 D. W. Gilmang J. Stauff. Appl. Phys., alp 2, 120, 1958-
ASSOGIATIONt Tomskiy politekhnicheakiy Anstitut im. S. M. Kirova
(Tomsk Polytechnic Institute imeni S. M. Kiro,,r)
.SUBMITTEDs May 4, 1961
Card 4/4

High-energy electron accelerators; from materials of the 1959 Geneva
Go'rferenca~j. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; elektramekhe 4 no. D130-142 161.
(MIRA 14;4)
(Particle accelerators)

VOROBIIZV - KOSTRYGIN, V.A.
A.A.; VOROBIYEV, G.A.t
Relation between the time lag and the path lon th in air.
Zhur. tekh. fize 31 no-9:1135-2-137 S 161. fmIIRA 14:8)
1, 19auchno-isoledovatel'skiy institut yademoy fizikip elektroniki
i avtoraatiki pri Tomokom polite)dinicheBkom institute imeni
S.M. Kirova.
(Electric discharges)

ANANIYKV, Lev 14artemlyanovieb, kand. tokhn.noukj VOROBIYEV Alokpandr
4_kixovieb 10VO
,d,~qr tekbn. nauk GORBUI
kand.-tekhn.zLauki KPOrCM,S-A-m red.; RUDINOVA, L.Te,,tekhz.rcd.
[Betatron and its uses]Betatron J P4 Toctakp Toc&.!
okoo'knizbnoo izd-vo 1962. 83 (KatA 3.5: n)
-P
1. Towskiy politekbnicheskiy institut imeni S.14.Kirova (for
Ananlyevo Vorob" yev,'Gorbunov).
(Betatron)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/6212
Budylin, B. V., and A. A. Voroblyev
Deystviye lzlucheniy na Ionnyye struktury (The Effect of Radiation
on Ion Struotures). Moscow, Gosatomizdat, 1962. 166 P. 5000
copies printed.
Rd.: V. A. Podoshvina; Tech. Ed.:' N. A. Vlasova.
PURPOSEt This book is intended for specialists In atomic and nuclear
physics, physical chemistry, and radiation.
COV M OR: The book describes the effects produced by radiation in
matter and investigates the changes occurring in the structure and
mechanical properties of solid bodies and crystal lattleesas a re-
sult of radiation, No personalities are mentioned. References
follow each chapter.
TABLE OF.
Introduction
3
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too,
c 07TE, Rli E -
Ca:-!

Technfq-ies for the !~.--s-arement (Cont.
Plrc-'-ce
)~qroblyvv, A_,_A. Study of a-Zmlttlng, Prepa.-at'llons lellt'n ',.e
- Gr: :~-Ied
f P- -- onization. C*,aml~er
o
Bernotat, V. I., V. A. Go:-odyskly, N. K. Sem&rcva, 1. F.
~upltsyr, and 0. A. Filippov. DIrect Measurement of the
c-I Tr-'--ate~ Cwzpounds
j. I., Yl-,. A. Fir-ogov,- and 0. A. Filippov. Measure-zne.nt
of the Aativit:r of Tritiated Thick Organlc --~Ilms
L'vovaj'H. A. Experimental Evaluatlon of the Accuracy of
a ILa thod for Meazurement of 5-EmItters by Pleanrz
2/

1966o-63 BWT(:'L)/EWP(q)/En(m)/WP(B)/BD5 AMC1ASD1ZSD-31IJF(G) - JDIJG;'..
ACCESSIONNR: AR3006994 S/0058/63 000/008/E071/EO71.*~
SOURCE: RZh. FLzika, Abs. SE495
AUTHOR: Voroblyev, A. A.
TITLE: Radiation changes and endurance of alkali halide crystals,)~
CITED SOURCE: Sb. Fiz. shchelo'chnogaloidn. kristallovll"7Riga, 1962,
,,304-316. Diskus., 317-318
TOPIC. TAGS: 'alkali halide crystal., radiation damage, radiation en--
durance, color center
.,TRANSLATION: Review of the research done on radiation effects in
alkali-halide compounds with Variable anion or cation, aimed at ob-'
staining information on the radiation endurance of bodies. The fol-
!lowing questions are considered:'.dependence of rate of formation of
color centers and of the rate of their decay on the radiation dose,
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L 1966043
ACCESSION NR: AR3006994
chemical composition of the crystal, and irradiation conditio s; the
n
coefficient of absorption of the electrons and the lattice energy;
the coefficient of attenuation of the X-rays and the lattice energy;
the characteristic energy losses of the electrons in alkali-halide
compounds; optical absorption in ionic crystals following irradia-
tion; spontaneous occurrence of color centers in irradiated crystals
following annealing; change in hardness and plastic properties of _7
-Crystals,; regeneration of properties of irradiated crystals upon an-
neal'ing; change in electiic conductivity of alkali-halide crystal's.
irradiated with X-rays or neutrons; effect of irradiation on the
e
lectric strength of the crystals. Conclusions are drawn with re-
spect to the nature of radiation endurance of solids and methods for
estimating this endurance. Bibliography, 21 titles. A. Timofeyev.
DATE ACQ: 06Sep63 SUB CODE: PH ENCL: 00
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M Y

,
.
L 1966,7
6
-
3
EWT(I)/EWP(q)/J:WT(m)/EidP(B)/BPS/ES(
AF
FTC/A&D/ZSD-3/.
I.TP (C)ISSD pt-4.
aa/JD
ACCESSION NR: AR3006987-~ S/0058/0/000/008/E049/Z049
,.SOURCE: Rzh. rizika, Abs. 8E347
AUTHOR: -Vorob'yev, A. A.; Vorob'yev, G. A.

"TITLE: Ionization trocesses in thd electric breakdown-of-alkali
.halide-salt-crysta r
'
-
'
'
'
~
llov. Riga, 1962'.
loidn..krist
. sh
chelo4thnoga
Fiz
-~CITED SOURPE-
Sb.
;361-364,
:TOPIC'TAGS: electric breakdown, 'alkali halide crystal,,"ionization,
'Townsend mechanism,-streamer mechanism-

,;TRANSLATIONv Experimental results and the main laws o~*the electric
bre6Lkdown. of NaCl, kCl, KBr, and KI, - obtained at the laboratorie's
of the Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy institut (Toms% Polytechnic Insti-
tute) are briefly reported. Discharges from the posMire sh4a.L.P j
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L 19667_~3
'ACCESSION NR: AR3006987
in the directions (111) and (1101, and from a negative.
p6i~t along'! [100) -.-The average'ratd- of dische*ge,,in. the case wben
,:the point has a positive polarity is larger than in the case,of a
measurement ol the currents'flowing during forma-.
-the discharge shows that the formation of,incomplete:breik-
tion of
down channels in dielectrics is due to th~a melting ofthd dielectric'.
-by the current of the produced discharge. -It is proposed that if
fthe dielectric has a small thickness (d) (from several to several
.:dozen microns) -the discharge has a multiple-avalanche character.
When d decreas6s from tenths of- a-m*illimeter to several microns, one
:;observes at a certain value d (on the order of '10-3,cm) a.dhange
cr
in the dischargq time t thus indicatin4 a change in the dis-
disch"
charge mechanism in'the.solid diel'ectrics from the avalanche-
streamer type d > d to the multi-avalanche-streamer type d < d.
r cr
in. the same*manner as in gases on going over krom'thp Townsend
C 2/3
Pt

S/139/62/000/001/019/03,'.'
E032/Ell4
AUTJ1OR j Yorob'Yevv A.A.
TITLE: Optical absor-ption in alicali-halide crystals and
the lattice energy
I-LRIUDICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniyj
Fizika, no.1, 1962, 118-124
TEXf., The author reports a review of published information
on the fundamental optical absorption and additional absorption
'in ionic crystals containing colour centres. The long-wave
fundamental absorption edge of ionic crystals in the ultraviolet
part of the spectrum and the short-wave edge in the infrared are
displaced towards longer wavelengths for lower lattice energies
U. The additional absorption bands which appear in crystals of
alkali-halide salts containing n- or p-type colour centres are
displaced in the direction of the longer wavelengths for crystals
with lower lattice energies. This displacement can be described
by a formula of the form
hmax,. 512.2 OL A U_Q
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S/139/62/000/OOJL/ojLg/o32
Optical absorption in alkali-halide..
E032/E.114
-where A. and a are constants. it is shown that.the lattice
energy determined from the ionic radii and charges reflects
the relation between the optical characteristics, the chemical
composition and the structure of the crystals more fully than
the dependence on the lattice constant. These results are
said to be in agreement with the work reported by the present
author in Ref.15 (AN SSSR, v.10, 1956, 47)..
There are 2 figures and 7 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy institut imeni S.M. Kirova
(Tomsk Polytechnical institute imeni S,M. Kirov)
SUBMITTED: April 7, 1961,
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