SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT YEFREMKIN, V. V. - YEFREMOV, A. I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001962410015-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 19, 2001
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

137-58-~j-9291
Translation from: Referativ-nyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 5, p 72 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Mikulinskiy, A.S., Yefremkin, V.V., Selyanskiy, A.P.
Serebrennikova, M.A
TITLE: Loading of a Calcium Carbide Bearing Charge Into a Hot
Furnace ( Za8ruzka shikhty, 5oderzhashchey karbid kaltsiya,
v goryachuyu pech')
PERIODICAL: Tr. Ural'skogo n. -i. khim. in-ta, 1957., Nr 4, pp 200-202
ABSTRACT: In order to achieve conditions conducive to safety in the load-
ing of a charge containing CaC2 into a hot furnace, a number of
experiments was conducted at temperatures ranging from 9500C
to 11500 on a pilot-plant furnace with a charge containing NaCl
and Ca C2- Pure Na C1, thoroughly heated for 1- 1.5 hrs at a temp-
erature of 500-6000, was employed during the experiments to-
gether with waste products of high-purity CaC2 (particle size
0.2 mm) containing about 65% Caft The charge was subjected
to briquetting under a pressure of 0 kg/cmZ. The furnace in
which the experiments were conducted consisted of a cylindrical
housing with an internal lining of fireclay brick. A Fe retort
Card 1/2 vessel 140 mrn in diameter was placed into the furnace. It was

137-58-5-9291
Loading of a Calcium Carbide Bearing Charge 1nto a Hot Furnace
established that a backfire occurred 2-5 minutes after an entire charge
weighing approximately 4 kg had been introduced in one batch into the furnace
which was inclined at an angle of 250; a portion of the charge would occasion-
ally be ejected from the furnace. When a small portion of the charge (partic-
ularly if the charge had not been briquetted) was placed into the furnace,
flames formed over it and subsequent charging proceeded without backfire.
Therefore, in order to eliminate the hazard connected with the loading of
charges containing CaC2 into a hot furnace, it is imperative that only a small
portion be introduced into the furnace initially, followed by the rest of the
charge in small batches only after an open flame has appeared.
G.S.
1. Electric furnaces--Operation 2. Transformers--Operation
Ca rd 2/2

V - -p E 1)~7- V, V,
SOV/137-58-9-18754
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallu rgiya, 1958, Nr 9, p 86 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Yefremkin, V.V., Fefelova, G.F.
TITLE: -Fn-vestigation of a Calcium Hydrogenation Process (Issledo-
vaniye protsessa gidrirovaniya kalltsiya)
PERIODICAL: Tr. Ural'skogo n.-i. khim. in-ta, 1957 (1958), Nr 5, pp
136-151
ABSTRACT: An investigation is mz 4e of the possibility of hydrogenating
Ca filings with and without ~he addition of catalyst thereto. It
is found that the reaction of :~a filings (without the addition of
catalyst) and H2 Occurs at a t,rnace temperature of 600-7000C.
The filings overheat and fuse. Addition of 1.3-2.616 NaC1 re-
duces hydrogenation temperature to 3000. Fusion of the filings
can be prevented by introducing a given amount of Ar into the
reaction vessel. The hydrogena'tion, process goes in 3 stages:
Chemo-sorption of HZ on the surface of the Ca; an autocata-
lytic reaction described by the equation g=kT n+C and a period
of diffusion in which the hydrogenation reaction goes in accord-
ance with the equation g= I %1-T -,. MT*.:- d. 1. Gale ium--Hydrogenat ion
Card 1 1 2. Calcium--CatKysis 3. Hydrogenation--Analysis G.S.

YE F=1 In#) 1I.V.
Serebryakava, A.V., and V.V. Yefrarnkin (Urals Branch) Academy of Sciences
USSR). A Study of Some Questions of the Chlorination of Titaniferous Materials
in a Fusion of Mixed Chlorides, p. 78. Titan i yego splavy. vyp. II:
Metallurgiya titRna (Titanium and Its Alloys. No. 2: Metallurgy of Titanim)
Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. 179 p.
This collection of papers deals with sources of titanium; production of
titanium dioxide, metallic titanium, and titanium sheet; slag composition;
determination of titanium content in slags; and other related matters. The
sources,of titanium discussed are the complex sillimanite ores of the Kyaklitin-
skoya Deposit (Buryatskaya ASSR) and certain aluminum ores of Lastarn Siberia.
One paper explains the advantages of using ilmenite. titanium slags for the pro-
duction of titanium dioxide by the sulfuric acid method. Production of metallic
*titanium by thermal rf.-duction process*s (hydrogen, magnesium, and cafDon reduc-
tion) is the subject of severai papers, while other papers are concerned with the
electrolytic production of titanium. Other subjects dealt with are interaction
of titanium with water vapor and with hydrogen and the determination of t1tanlLun
in slags.

W~Wxn
SOY/136-59-4-19/24
AUTHORS: Mtkulinskiy, A.S., Professor, Doctor of T*chnical
Sciences and Yefremkin, V.V., Candidate of Technical
Sciences - t5A51r-
;atell A-ogz) inAll ti~tc pod-aiTan--ly ga?,Allikatsii ngley.

YEFREKOCHKIN, N.V.; KEVOI11,33KATA, R.S.
Draining operating ems producing sections Nos. 8 m2d 9 in
the Moscow Station "Podzemgaz." Nauch. trudy VNIIPodzemgaza Ile
no.9s22-28 163. (KIRA 16:11)
1, Laboratoriya lKidrogeologicheokays. Voesoyuznogo nauchno-
isoledovateltakollo instituta podzemnoy gazifikataii ugley.
f

YEFREIMOCHKIN, 111.11.
Effe,--L cf the air-blast ani ga.9 r-res:.,-,~re --n ~f
vertical drainage holes. Trudy nc.-'3--~-J-55 '-~4
"-~A 18; 8)
1. lAboratoriya gornognologichenk~iya V,;Fooy-az.'v.)go
vat,~I'Skog-,-) inatituta pod-.,eranoy razi-rikats] I ugley.

YEFRE-MOV, A.
"Hydrogeological and Yeteorological Research Work on Board a2 the Ice Breaker
'Sedovl." Dokl. AN SSSRJ 27, No.2, 1940

BUSHIN, B.,;_jKFREV.V~ A.
Now devices. Biul.tel-b.inform. 4 no.11:24 9 158. (HIRA 11:12)
(BuIlding-Tools and implements)
, M, "M

BUSHIN, V.; YEFIMMOV, A.
Suggestions by finisbarB of the Charepovets Trust for the
Con6truction of Hatallurgical Plants. Stroitell no.11:
18-20 N 159. ORM, 1313)
1. Glavm7 Inzbener stroltelinogo upravleniya Spetostroy
treata Cherepovetametallurgetroy (for Bushin). 2. Glavnyy
inxhaner upravlaniya, 14ontazhzhiletroy (for Yefremov).
(Building--Toole and implements)

BUSHIN, V., inah.; TIMMV, A., imoho
Precast concrete porches with mosaiclika surfaces. Zhil.stroi.
no.12:16 159. (KIRA 13:4)
(Porches)

BUSHIN, V.; YMMMOV, A.;MUMOV, V., Inxhd
Uaing assembly-line methods in building large-panel
houses. Strottell no,12:7,7L%^,-II D 159* (MMA 13:3)
1. GlavzWy inshener upraylenlya, Spettetror (for Bushin).
2. GlavMy inzhoner upravleniya Montazhshiletray (for Yeframov).
3. Treat Cherepovetanistallurgetroy, Cherepovets, Vologodskaya
oblast' (for Stounov).
(Assembly-line methods) (Leningrad--Apartment houses)

YEFWOVO A4,
and technical cooperation of the Ministry of -the-
Merchant Marino with foreign countries. For. flot 19 ao.5:43-J*
MY '59. (MIRA 12:7)
l.Starshi.v inzhener Tekhnicheskogo upravleniya Hinisteratva 14orskogo
flota.
(Merchant marine)
(Russia-Itelations (General) with foreign countries)

. I
BUSHIN, V., inzh.,; YIYRSMOV, A., inzh.; DHITRIYIWKO, A., inzh.
Precast tile floors. Stroitell no.5:10 M7 160. (MBA 13:9)
1 (Tiles) (Floors)

YEFREMOV, A. A.; 7ELIVENSKIY, Ya. D.
Studying the purification by rectification of methylphenyldichloro-
siland with the method of radioactive indicators. Khim prom no. 3:
201-207 Mr 164. (MIRA 17:5)
1. k
s ktv s k enA Janina khImikB;~,ekhnologicheskiy institut

f
L 18316-65 Dn W/Vdr (1)1E-W?(&)1&G(k)1FdT (,I)JEPF(c)/EFt-( n)-2/FPR/EEG(b)-2/EWP(b)
Pz-6/Pr4/Pa-.h/Pu-4 IJP(C)1Ar-dL15M ir%AT1WH
i ACCESSION NRz AP4049532 S100 i64/017/005/0329/0335
1 AUTHOR: Millionshchikov. m. D.; Gverdtaiteli, 1. G.Y Abramov,
A. Sj Gorlov, L. V.; Gubanov, Yu._D.L YeEremovl A. A.j_Zhukov, V. F.'j
I Ivanov, V. Ye.; Kovy*rzTn, V. t~16v, ~ YaA.1 Kosovski V. G.
XURE'arUn, -N. Ye.; Kucherov, R: Ya.1 L i Markin, V. I,,,
1Te_c_Wa_yev,Yu. A.; Pozdnyakov, B.- .1 Ponomarev-Stepnov, N. k.1
Gamarin, Ye. N.; Serov, V. Ya.j_ Usovj V. A. Fading V. G.1 Y lenylau.
V. V.; Yakutovich, M. V.t Khodakov. V. A.1 Kom-paniyets, G. V.
Ila
TITLEs The " Romashkat' high- temperature reactor -conXEITY 7
SOURCEs -Atomnaya energiya, v. 17, no. 5, 1964, 329-335
TOPIC TAGS: nuclear power reactor,'reactor feasibility study, re-
search reactor, thermoelectric converter/Romashka
ABSTRACTt The authors brienydes6ribe the construction, parameters,
test results, and operating experience of the "Romasbka" reactor-
Card 14~

Z. 18316-65
ACCESSION NR: AP4049532
converter unit, which has been in operation at the Kurchatov Atomic
Energy Institute ince August 1964 The fuel used is uranium di-
to 90% U235.
carbide enriched LraLhi~eXnd beryllium are used as
reflectors, Electricity is generated by silicon-geManium semicon-
ductor thermocouples distributed on the outer surface of the reflec-
tor and connected in four groups which can be connected in series
or in parallel. The temperatures of the active zone and outer Bur-
face are 1770 and 1000C, respectively. The power ratings are 0.50-
0.80 kW electric and 40 kW thermal, the maximum current (parallel
connection) is 68 A, the neutron flux is 1013 neut/cm2 sec in the
center of the active zone and 7 x 1012 on its boundary. The reactor
has . negative temperature reactivity coefficient. The equipment
.has high inherent stability and requires no external regulator, and
little change was observed in the thermocouple properties after 2500
hours of operation. Tests on the equipment parameters are continu-.
in% and the results are being analyzed for use in future designs.
Orig. art. hasi 8 figures and 1 formula.
Card 2/3

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ME
A.A.; ZELIVENSKIY, Ya.D.
Effect of the isotopic substitutiM of dkUterium for hydrogen
on the v,~por pressure of acme alcohols. Zhur.VKHO 6 noa,3:359-
360 1616- (Deut4rium) (Alcohols) (MIRA 14%6)

ZELIVENSKlYg Ya. D.; YEFREMOV, 1. A.
Separation of hydrogen, carbonp and oxygen isotopes during
the rectification of iaopropanol. Izv. vys. ucheb. zavel
khim. i khim. tekh. 5 no.5*.727-730 t62,
(MM 16:1)
Mookovskiy khbdko-tekhnologicheskiy institut imeni D. I.
Mendeleyeva., kafedra tekhnologii razdeleniya i primeneniya
izotopov.
(Isopropyl alcohol) (Distillation, Fractional)
(Isotope separation)

11!!~IOV A-_____
Variation of the design for the frame of one-story industrial
buildings with a cellar. Prom. stroi. 40 no.5:51 162. (MIM 15:5)
(Factories-Design and construction)

ACCESSION XR: AP4031444* S/0064/64/000/003/0201/0207
AUTHORS: Yefremov, A.A.; Zellvenskiy, Ya.D.
TITLE: Investigation of distillation purificatloh of methylphenyl-
i dichlorosilane by the.,radloaotive tracer method
1 SOURCE: Khimicheskaya promy*shiennost', no. 3t 1964, 201-207
1,~TOPIO TAGS: mothylphanyldichlorosilanap purification# distillations
I radioactive tracer, tag6ed carbon, vacuum distillation, separation
i-factor, liquid vapor equilibrium, phenyltrichloroollane methyl-
phenyldichlorosilane system, dimethylphenylahlorosilane methyl-
phenyldichlorosilane systems heat of vaporizati6n
ABSTRACT: To Provide data required for the vacuum distillation
purification of mothylphonyldiohloroollane (MPDKhS) the liquid-
1 vapor equilibria were experimentally determined for the two binary
systems-, the dilute solutions of phanyltriohlorosilane (FTKhS)
and of d.imethylphenylohlorosilane (DMFKhS) in Z4FDKhS, and the
effect of pressure on the effectiveness of KFDXhS rectification via
also aetermined. Concentrations of FTKhS and DMFKhS were determined
the radioactivity of the solutions: their phenyl, groups were
113 ------

AP4031444
jAGOESSION NR,
tagged with 014 by the following synthesis:
SIC14
HOBr me C;H&MgBr C4HASICIS
IH, - C;Hjk (CH.),r
tho ICS"Sho
C, ;HeSia:
IWIth concentrations of 0.01-5 moll (pressures of 5-760 mm Hg) the
investigated systems are subject to Henry's law. The separation
factor-temperature relationship for the FTKhS-MPDKhS system.is shown
by and for the DMFKhS-MFDKhS system by 19 a - 0,0230 + 3.67
r
These values can be used for calculations for fractionation of the
itechnical 14PDXhS. For MPDKhS, lg P 8.001 - 2440
T
;and for DMMS, lgP 8.013 - 2400
T
~The heat 6f vaporization for MFDKhS 10980 cal/mol; for DMFKhSO
111170 cal/mol. The height equivalent of the theoretical degree of
Iseparqtiou,, its dependence on pressure, and the dep6ndence of the
Card 2/3

ACCESSION NR: AP4031444
degree of separation on pressure were determined. It was found
that maximum separation is at prossur3S of 25-100 mm Hg- "The
experimental part of the work waa conducted with the participation
of V.I. Morozova." "A purified eample of HFDKh3 was obtained by
M.A. Kleynovsk and A.S.*Ginzburg.11 Orig. art. hast 7 figurese
5 tables and 10 equations,
ASSOCIATION: None
SUBMITTED: d0 ENCL: 00
SUB 0()DE; 1C, NP-- NR REP SOV:. 009 OTHER3 005:.".-*
A
Card 3/3
-------- ---- --

k A 11 4 0 4, 4 2 'i 1 0 2 A 66 40 1) 1 3
AUT11f)R Kleynovs~~. Ginzbur&,_A. S
j 4. A. Sobolevgkiy, K. V. __ - - ____ --- I I _L
to 1 ' ve n r~ 1, iy, Ya. D. ,Y e f re rae v-L.-A. A . , I t r P b k o v,_ VA--A-,--
rT TLF -11 ro cc s sfor the purificati:n of technical
dichlorof;ildne Class 26F No. 163613
SOURCE; Byulleten' izobreceniy i tovarny*kh znakov, no. 13. 1964. 23
TOPIC TAGS: methylpheny1dichtorosilanet technical methylphenyl-
dichlorosilane, methylphenyldichlorosilane purification
ARSTRACT: An Author Certificate has been issued for a proceaft for
the purificatinn of technical methylphenyldichlarosilane involving
its trnntment with air and subsequent rectification. In order to
simplff,y the process and to incre,.i9a the yield and purity of the pro-
duct. tlic starting mi-terint !,; trze,%ted with moist air at room teno-
erature.
ASSOCIATION, Organizatsiya gookomiteta khimichegkAy promykshlennosti
Dri gosplAne 999R (Org-anization of the State Commtttee of the Chemical
5, G o a p I a nSSSR)
Cc:rd

WIN
L 112:5-65
ACCESSIOil N11i AP4044291
SUBMITTED: 25.Jun63 ATD PRESS! 3104 F14CL i no
SUR CODE: HT OC No PIEF SOVI 000 OTTIC R t000
A 2 /r2

MILLIONSHCHIKOV, M.D.; GVERDTSITELI, I.G.; ABW.MDV, A.S.; GORLOV, L.V.;
GUBANOV, Yu.D.; YEITXMC)V,-,A-A-; ZHUXOV, V.F.; IVANOV, V.Ye.;
KOVYRZIN, V,K.; XOPTELOV, Ye.A.; KOSOVSKIY, Y.G.; KEWHARKIN,
Me.; XUCHEROV, R.Ya.; LALYKIN, S.P.; MKINj V.I.; NFCHAYFV,
Yu.A.; POZDNYAKOV, B.S.; PONOMAREV-STEPNOY, N.N.; SAMARIN, U.N.;
SEROV, V.Ya.; USOV, V.A.; FEDIN, V.G.; YAKOVLEV, V.V.; YAKUTOVICH,
M.V.; KHODAKOV, V.A.; KOMPANIYETS, G.V.
High-temperature reactor-converter "Romaahka." Atom. energ.
17 no.5:329-335 11 164. (MIRA 17:12)

YEFREIAOV, A.A.; ZELIVENSKIY, Ya.D.
Pireparatlyq of some organochlorosi-lanes tagged with the
isotope 0 't. Zhur. ob. khim. 34 no.8:2622-2625 Ag 164.
(.14111A 17-.9)
1. Moskovskly khimiko-tekhnologicheskiy institut imeni D.I.
14endeleyeva.

ZELIVENSKIY~ Y.A.D.; YEFREMOV, A.A.; LM~SN, G.M.
Sti-dying th,;~ vaprr-liqijj.d equilibrium in the 3yetemis hydroclarbon-
water with the use of Lbe hydrogen-tritiLm radiolootope. U-1m. i
tekh. topl. i masel 10 no.7;3-7 rL 165. (MIFix 18:9)
1. Mcskovakiy ordena L-anina khimikt-tekhnologichaskly irlatitut im. D.T.
Mendeleye-7a.

UR/0080/55/038/005/0987/0992
541.183+546.18
'P
AUTHOR: Zellvenskiy, Ya. D. A.; Afanaslyev, 0.
TITLE: Adsorptivia. purification of trichlorosilane ontaining traces of phospforus
SOMCE: Zhurnal prikladnoy khimil, v. 38, no. 5, 1965, 987-992
TOPIC TAGS: adsorptive purification, purification, trichlorcsilane, phosphorus ad-
sorption, adsorbent
ABSTRACT: Purification of trichlorosilane containing phosphorus using several com-
mercial adsorbents and radioactive tracer technique (PC13 containing p32) was
stu ked inboth liquid and vapor :phases. In the case of the liquid phase, adsorb-
~~nts sed e re: A-1 alumina, ASH and KSH silicagels, CKT and DAU charcoals, and
NEW S thetic zeollite. Adsorption capacity of these materials for phosphorus was
s
measured at 200C and PC13 concentrations in trichlorosilane ranging from 1 to 10
For~the liquid phase operation the specific purifying capacity (in kilograms per
kilogram) of the adsorbents is as follows: A-1 alumina= 4300, ASH silicagelz 24,
CKT charcoal= 4.4v and KSM silicegel= 1.4. In the case of the vapor phase, ad-
Card 1/2

SSI
M154
sorptive cap~ddfty -of varii6us sorbent -was-measu rculatin tri. 10 s ane
and phosphorus trichloride vapor until equilibr ached. A-1 alu 'na and
ASM silicagel showed the highese adsorption capacity in the vapor phase operation.
At 400C, the adsorption capacity of A-1 alumina at the initial concentration of
PC13 in trichlorisilane of 2.34 wt. % was 1.01 millimoles per gram. At 400C, the
adisorptive canacity of ASM silicagel at initial PC13 concentration of 3.33 wt. % I
was LI.45-10-lrmillimoles per gram. At PC13 concentrations higher than 1)-S%, puri-
fying effectiveness of A-1 alumina is greater in the liquid phase than in the
vapor phase, In the case of ASM siAcagel the reverse is true at 40*C. Orig. art.
has: 6 tables, 3 fig--i-res and 4 fortnilas.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy khimiko-tekhn~,logicheskiy institut imeni D. I.
Mendeleyeva (Moscow Institute of Chomical Technology)
SUBMITTED: 13Mar,63 E14 C L: 00 SUB CODE: GC
NO REF SOV! 003 OTHER: 001
Card 2/2

YEFRENIOV,.,-.A.A.; ZELIVENSKIY, Ya.D.
Liquid - vapor equilibrium in the binary sygtems methyl-
trichlorosilane - dimethyIdichlorosI.Lni,tj dnd phenyidichloro-
ol.lane - phenyltrichlorontlane. Zhur.prikl.khim. 38 no.1.1-.2513-
2522 N 165, (MIRA 180-2)
1. Moskovskiy ordana TAnina khimikc--tekhno1ogichesk--7.y inetitut
Jinent D.I.~%ndeleyevao Submittod (Xtober 1.1-f 1963o

L h20614-'.('
AUTHORSt Soboley,, As Fs; Kuznetoov,, A. A.; Y9fL~M_0_V#A-
ORG: none
(0094--,
TITLEz Electronic integrator. Class 42, No. 177646
SOURCE-. Izobroteniya, promyshlennyye obrazt3y,, tovarnyye znaki, no. 1, 1966j, 94
TOPIC TAGS% electronic circuit, pulae integrator
ABSTMT: This Author Certificate presents an electronic continuous signal
integrator containing an integrating capacitor. To increase the integration
accuracy and the response rate, the signal is fed to the input of the pulse-amplitude
converter. The output signals are fed to the input of a pulBe-width converter
at whose output the integrating storage capacitor is connected (see Fig. 1)9
Fig. 1. 1 - pulse-amplitude converterj
2 - pulso-width converter; 3 capacitor
Orig, art. has: 1 diagram.
SUB CODE2 091 SURH DATE, 14AU90
Card 1/1 UDCx

L
ACC NR' APG034916 SOURCE CODE: UR/0419/66/000/003/0005/0011
AUTHOR: Ogloblina, I. P. Krasnyy, E. B. m
_Yqfr.e oy, A. A. Musin, T. G.
'.ORG: none
TITLE: Preparation and properties of high-purity silicon dioxide sorbents
SOURCE: AN BSSR. Vestsi. Seryya khimichnykh navult, no. 3, 1966, 5-11
TOPIC TAGS: silica gel, silicon dioxide, sorbent, ethyl. silicate, silicon
tetrachloride, impurity
ABSTRACT: Two methods, both based on the hydrolysis of ethyl silicate and
silicon tetrachloride, have been developed at the Institute of Chemical Reagents
and High-Purity Substances (IREA) for obtaining high-purity synthetic silicon
dioxides having a variety of adsorption properties. These are: Si(OC2H5)4 + 4H 20
Si(OH) + 4(' R 01-I and SiC14 + 4H 0 --> Si(OH)4+ 4HC1. The silica gels
-.obtained Am eAyisilicate showed stAbng water-repellent properties. A compari-
son of the capacity of heat treated samples to absorb benzene and water vapor
17,howed that surface resistance to water is a function of surface dehydration. Silica
Card 112

ACC NR- AP6034916
gels obtained by either method are characterized by a purity of not less than
2 .10-616 and may be used.for the absorption of microimpurities in processing
leading to a high degree of purification. [SP]
SUB CODE: 07/SUBM DATE: none/ORIG REF: 012/OTH REF: 002/
Card 2/2

ZELIVENSKIYp Ya.D.;_YEFREMOV.. A.A.; AFANASIYEV, O.P.
Adsorption purification of trichlorosilane for the remam-7 of
phosphorus impurities. Zhur. prikl. kbim. 38 no.5:987-992
My 65. (MIRA 18:U)
1. Moskovskiy 'khi-riko-takhnologicheskiy institut imeni D.I.
Mandeleyeva.

YXFRBMOV. A.D@ (M Iyanovsk).
"Astronomy textbook for grade 10 of secondar7 schools" by B.A.
Toronteov-Telliaminov. Reviewed by A.D. Wromov. Fir. Y shkole
18 no.2:86-87 Kr-Ap 156. (MIRA ll::2)
(Astronomy-Taxtbooks)
(Vorontsov-Velllaininoy, B.A.)

q1,1
22(l) SOV/3-59-4-1
AUTHOR: Yefremovt 1,1FU Professor
TITLE: The School is Waiting for an All-Round lEflucated Teachur
PERIODICAL: Vestnik vysshoy shkoly, 1959, Nr 4, PP 31-33 (U~e,;R)
ABSTRACT: In connection with the alteration of the vuz ciirri.cula and
programs taking place at pros ent, the author examincs the
proble'n of teaching the historyof the Rusoian literary
lant~uage in-p6dagogical institutes. Ile points out that con-
trary to the demands contained in the school prograr~,, it is
suggested in the pedaf;ogical instituto program3 that the Stu-
dents study the language of ancient Hussian literature during
their practical traininl,,-. The author cites the works of
Rusoian literature which the students should use in attxd,,,int~
the history of ~he Russian literary language. Ti,er~~ are 2
Soviet references.
ASSCCI.,',TIOIT: Saratovskiy peda-o-icheakiy institut (Saratov PedaUo~-ical In-
stitute)
Card 1/1

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YEFRF3v:0V I A. F.
Dispensaries
Observation on d1spensar-y services available to workers in leading professions at the
1/41otov GorIkii Automobile Factory. Sov. zdrav. 11 rio. 31 2952.
Montfily List of Russian Accessions, L*brary of Congress, September 1952. UNCLASSIFIED.

1. YEFREMOV, A. F.
2. USSR (600)
4. industrial Hygiene
7. Results of the struggle to lower the incidence of diseases at the Gorkiy V. M.
Molotov Automogile Plant. Sov. zdrav. 11 no. 5, 1952
9. Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, January -1953. Unclassified.

MESHCHANIKOV. B.N.; SMLKHOV, K.I.; LEVIX, Yaje.; BOSIKO, K.P.; KUZIMIN, V.A.
Y"MOV, A$F*
Now ,uethod.of.mpp~tXng avA pouring oxIdising alloys. Promi. energ, 12
no,3:25 Kr 157. (NLU IOW
(Alloys)

Heating from Central Station
Control of the operation of a I-Aiating system. Elek. sta. 23 no. 2, 10,52.
0
Month1v List of Russian Accessions, Library of Gongress) April 1952. TUMICLAS-11IFIED.
I

SIIAWIATOV, S.S., gornyy inzh.; USACHEV, P.A., gornyy inzh.; TrXREI,107, A.G.,
gornyy inzh.; MEIENOV, P.I., gorn3rr inzh.;
inzh.
Using flotation and settling ror drosaing nomnagnotic ores. Gor. zhur.
no.7:60-62- JI. 164. (IURA 17: 10)
1. Kollskiy filial AII SSSR (fnr Sh:tIdmmtov, Usachev, Yefremov). 2.
Olonogorskiy 1,,ornoobogatitellnyy kombinat (for Zelenov, Bordichovskiy).

ism
YEIqu. lov A. I.
The TM4-1 hold bucket loader. Biul.tekh.-ekon.inform. no.6:67-68
161. (NMA 14: 6)
(Loading and unloading-Equipment and supplies)
En2 9--.XAI

YEFREMOV, A.I.
The ENT-3 small bilge bulldozer. Biul.tekh.-ekon.inform.
no.5:71-72 161. (MIRA 14:6)
(Bulldozers)

YEFRF14OV9 AoI*
The MVSh-1 and MVS-3 car-unloading machines. Biul, tekh.,-ekon.
inform. no. 2:67-69 161* ~Railroads-Freight)

YEFREKOV, A.I. (Petrapavlovsk-Kamabatskiy)
On the problum of photodermatitis cauBed by Heraclem dulce.
Test.derm.i ven. 35 no.4t64"66 Ap 161. (MIRA 14:5)
(SM-DISMFZ)

Y[-
TOROPOV, N.A.; XONOVALOV, P.F.; YXFREMOV, A.I.; ANANIYEVA, G.V.
Use of the high-temperature X-ray Ionization method for studying
processes that take place in alumina production. TSvet.met. 27
no.2:37-42 Mr-Ap 154. (MIRA 10:10)
1. Giprotsement
(Alumina) says)

USSR /thernical Technology. Chemical Products
and Their Application
Silicates. Glaso. Ceramics. Binders.
Abs Jour: Referat Zhur Khimiya, No 9, 1957, 31638
1-12
Author Konovalov F. F., Yefremov A. I.
Title Use of Rapid Ionizational Roentgenostructural
Analysis in the Studies of Cements
Orig Pub: Tr. Soveshchaniya po khimii tsementa. M., Prom-
stroyizdat, 1956, 106-113
Abstract: Description of an accelerated ionizational roent-
genographic method for the investigation of
kinetics of formation of silicates under the In-
fluence of high temperatures. Results are given
of studies of the transformations of kaolinite
and alumina at different temperatures and diff-
erent duration of heating.
Card 1/1

Y
USSR/ Laborato-r-i Equipment. Apparatuses, Their I
Theory, Construction and Application.
Abs Jour: Referat. Zhur.-Khimiya, No. 8, 1957.0 27324.
Author P.F. Konovalov,-A.I. Yefremov.
Title Application of Fast Ionization X-Ray-Structural
Analysis to Study of Crystalline Substances.
Orig Pub: Zavod. laboratoriya, 1956, 22, No. 7, 824 - 827.
Abstract: The installation with Ionization recording (self-
quenched counter tube) was constructed on the
basis of the x-ray goniometer. The recording of
ionization curves is carried out on oscillographic
photographic paper 120 mm wide with a mirror gal-
vanometer. Several ionization curves and the
voltampere characteristic of the counter are
shown.
Card 1/1

24(2,4) PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3149
Konovalov, P. F., A. I. Yefremov, and B. V. Volkonskiy
Ionizatsionnaya rentirenostrukturnaya ustanovka dlya iosledovaniya
kristallicheskikh veshchestv pri razlichnykh temperaturakh (Ioni-
zation X-ray Apparatus for Study of Crystalline Substances at
Various Temterature6) Leningrad, 1958. 133 p. Errata slip in-
serted. ljO00 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Nauchno-tekhnicheskoye obshchestvo promyshlenno-
sti stroltel Inykh materialov, Leningradskoye oblastnoye pravleniye.
Ed. (Title page): N. A. Toropov, Member of the Academy of Building
and Architecture USSR, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences;
Ed.. (Inside books: V. I. Sadkov.
,PURPOSE: This book is intended for physicists and engineers JA
industry, civil engineers, physical metallurgists, researchers
in scientific research institutes and persons affiliated with
higher educational institutions who are interested in the con-
struction, application and operation of ionization x-ray units
Card 1/7

Ionization X-ray Apparatus (cont.) SOV/3149
for studying the composition and structure of building materials,
metals and other substances.
COVERAGE: The book gives a detailed description of the development
and operation of an ionization x-ray unit by members of the
laboratory for physfeal chemistry and petrography at Giprotse-
ment and present some practical methods for its utilization.
The second part of the book reviews a number of investigations
which demonstrate the superiority of this method in the analysis
of polycrystalline substances and,building materials, and In .
studies of polymorphic transformation processesp clinker forma-'
tion, and the hydration processes of cementa~ clinker metals and
other materials. Many of the figures are reproductions of Ioni-
zation roentgenograms of hydration and dehydration products of
metallic salts. No personalities are mentioned. There are no
references.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword 5
Card 2/ 7

Ionization X-ray Apparatus (Cont.) SOV/3149
introduction 7
PART I. IONIZATION X-RAY UNIT FOR INVESTIGATING CRYSTALLINE
SUBSTANCES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
A. Some Relationships Which Determine the Basic Parameters of
an Ionization Unit 9
1 . The 'k-ray source 9
2. The X'-ray receiver 11
3. D-c Amplifier 12
4. Quantum fluctuations in low intensity x-ray beams and
their connection with conditions for choosing the basic
parameters of an lonitation unit 14
5. The ionization.unit 17
6. High temperature platinum-rhodium furnace 22
B. Modernization of the Ionization X-ray Unit 23
1. Purpose of the i-ray goniometer GR-2 25
2. Technical characteriati6s of goniometer GR-2 26
3. Structural design of a gonlometer 26
Card 3/7
faw
ii_- url KEYiT-

Ionization X-:-ray Apparatus (Cont.) SOV13149
4. The goniometer 28
5. Gear tox 28
6. The synchronous motor 28
Electromagnetic clutch coupling 31
Counter dial 31
9. Photo-drum 31
10. Platinum-rhodium f7urnace with lifting device 31
11. Radio engineering diagram of the amplification,
formation and conversion of pulses 34
12. Rectifier for supply of a radio circuit and of a counter 34
13. , High-voltage source of an x-ray tube 37
PART II. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS CARRIED OUT BY THE
"GIPROTSMENT" INSTITUTE WITH THE AID OF AN IONI-
ZATION X-RAY UNIT AND AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES-
A. S tudy.Qf Polymorphic Transformation Processes 39
1. Dicalcium silicate 39
2. icalcium silicate
Synthesis of d 43
3. ,
Different modirications of dicalcium silicate 43
Clird 4/7.

Ionization X-ray Apparatus (Cont.) SOV/3149
4. TrIcalcium silicate 47

.
g -Synthesis of tricalclum silicate 47
o Temperature measurements of tricalcium silicate 49
7. Quart2t 1, 50
8. Aluminum oxide 51
9. Hydrate of aluminum oxide 54
10. Thenardite 7
11. Sodium sulfate, ~O
B. Study of Dissociation Processes 64
1. Aragonite-calcite-l.linestone 6

2.
Magnesium carbonate and magnesite g
6
3. DolomIte 68
4. Kaolinite 71
5. Tricalcium silicate,. 76
6. Synthesis of tricalclum aluminat.,e 77
7. Decomposition of tricalcium alqmInate by fluoride salts 79
8. Thermal variation in the Interplangr spacings of a
crystal lattice of the main clinker minerals 85
Card 5/7

Ionization X-ray Apparatus (Cont.) SOV/3149
C. S tudy of-Hydration and Dehydration Processes 97
1, Hydration of calcium oxide 97
2. Dehydration of calcium hydrox1de 97
3. Hydration of magnesium oxide 99
4. Dehydration of magnesium hydroxide 101
5. Dehydration of brusite 101
6. Hydration of dolomite 101
7. HydVtion and dehydration of satin Opar (CaSOI,) 108
D. Processes Which Take PJace During the Solidification of
H ydraulic Binding Substances 110
1. Hydration of calcium silicates 116
2. Hydration of tricalclum silicate 118
3. Dehydration of tricalclum silicate hydration products 120
4. Hydration of dicalcium sili.cate 120
5. Hydration of calcium aluminates
' 123
6-. of tricalcium aluminate
Hydration 123
7 Dehydration of hydrous tiicalcium aluminate 123
8: Hydration of pentac&lcium trialuminate 127
9. Dehydration of hydrated pentacalcium trialurninate 127
Card 6/7

Ionization X-ray Apparatus (cont.)
1
. AVAILA13LE: Library of Congreoe (QD 945.K67)
. Card 7/7 '~
ISOV/3149
TM/os
2/16/60

YEFREMOV, A. 1. and P. F. KONOVALOV
"Use of Ionizing X-ray Structure Analysis in the Study of Certain
Physicochemical Processes" p. 146
"Oifthesis ova Stmwbtue of Ebr tesilAemobee eenbWokc Gimqae m&
Bewy me%& AGM8.11 P are-
Transactions of the FAtth Cmforence on Experlmutal axxd AWlied Maeralolw
and PetToGrapby., Trudy lbscov., lzd-vo P11 SM, 1,958j. 5169p.
reprints of reports presented at comr. held In Leningra, 26-31 mar 1956. The
purpose of the conf. was to e=hsnee informtion and coordi=te the activities
in the fields of ex3rorimental. and aM)Iied minernloey and yetroerayby, and to
stress the increaning caVlexity of jamctiml proble=.

5011/58-59-7-15386
Translation from: Referativnyy Zhurnal Fizika, 1959, Nr 7, p 112 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Konovalov, P.F., Yefremov-, A.I.
TITLE: Application of t6iil2ation X-Ra'y_-Diffraction Analysis to the Study of Some
Physico-Chemical Processes
PERIODICAL: Tr. 5-90 Soveshchaniya po eksperim. I tekhn. mineralogii i petrogr., 1956,
Moscow, AS USSR, 1958, Pp 146 - 158
ABSTRACT: The authors describe the design of an ionization X-ray diffraction device.
Studies were carried out In the region of polymorphie transitions for
V-2CaO - S102, alumina, and aluminum bydroxide. The authors point out
the advantages of the ionization method of registration as compared with
the usual photographic method. It makes it possible to study rapidly
proceeding processes, as well as high-temperature reactions. (Vses. n.-i.
i proyektnyy in-t tsementnoy promyshlennosti, Leningrad, USSR).
Card 1/1

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25(2)
AUTHORS:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
SOV/32-2",-71-37/62
Marinets, T. K.~ Yefremov, A. I.
Apparatus for the Recording of the Flexure of a Bracket-sample
in Testing the Fatigue-=ezietance (Pribor dlya registratsii
progiba konsollnogo obraztsa pri ispytanii na ustalostnuyu
prochnost')
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Hr 3, pp 353-355 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In a previous paper it was shown that in fiLtigUe-testo in all
stages of cyclic disrup-tion-teste a control of the stage of
the test is possible by plotting the curve of variations in
flexure. In the laboratory of metallography of the institute
mentioned in the Association a device was constructed which
facilitates an automatic plotting of the curves showing the
variation in the flexure of the bracket-samplee in tests of the
fatigue resistance. The device is equipped with a differential
induction element, a measuring arrangement and an electric
arrangement for charging the element and the measuring device
(Figs 1,2). The flexure of the sample is transformed into an
electric quantity by means of the induction element and measured
Card 1/2 with an efectronic automation-recorder-potentiometer EPP-06 or

SOV/32-25-3-37/62
Apparatus for the Recording of 'the Fier~re of a Bracket-sample in Testing the
Fatigue-resistance
a millivoltmeter MS5hchPr-054. The current-charge of the
element and the potentiometer is carried out over a ferro-
resonant voltage stabiliz2r ST-200. In the case under investi-
gation the fatigue-tests are carried out on a bracket-machine
VU-8 of the Veler-type. In order to secure an increased accuracy
and sensitivity and a reduced vibration the load scheme has
been changed (Fig 2). A diagram obtained on a copper sample M 2
at a stress of 13.6 kg/mm2 is mentioned as example (Fig 3).
There are 3 figures and 4 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy politekhnichoskiy institut im. M. I. Kalinina
(Leningrad Polytechnic Institute imeni M. I. Kalinin)
Card 2/2

Hill
onsp
1!
MI
to
10
Al 0

S/137/62/000/012/054/085
A0061AI01
AUTHORSt Lebedev, T. A., Marinets, T. K., Yefremov, A. I.
TITLEi Investigating cyclic strength of metals by the method of recording
fatigue diagrams
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no. 12, 1962, 104, abstract
121638 (In collection: "Tsiklich. prochnost' metallov", Moscow,
AN S,9SR,. 1962, 141 146)
TEXT: The authors investigated the cyclic strength of r.!etals by record-
ing fatigue diagrams. The investigations were made with specimens of annealed
red copper (M2) (a--, 8.9 kg/mm2), technically pure,Fe (6--l 21 kg/mm2) and.Ti
alloy, containing 2.5% Al (611 34 kg,/mm2). In-the fatigue tests a device was IJ
used for recording the deflection of a bracket specimen; it was thus possible
to record automatically the curves of varying deflections of the specimen in the:,
fatigue process, directly during -the test. These tests revealed some peculiar-,,
ities in the behavior of the materials investigated during the process of their"~-
cyclic loading. Fatigue diagrams illustrate the deveiopment of cracles during
Card 1/2

3/137/62/000/01P-/05VO85
Investigating cyclic strength of... A006/A1O1
the second stage of cyclic loading. They show that the fatigue,crack develops
initially very slowly and only at the end of the second stage its development
is considerably accelerated. The speed of the crack propagation depends mainly
upon the magnitude of alternating loading. The data obtained are In a satis-
factory agreement with the curves showing the growth of the fatigue crack, ob-,
tained by'A. Forest on annealed steel specimens. The authors recommend the use
of the proposed method for investigating the fatigue strength of metals for a
large-scale material range. There are 8 references.
Z. Fridman
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Card 2~

HOR
YEFREMOV, A.I. (Petropavlovsk-Kamehatakly)
Bicillin-3 therapy of acute uncomplicated gonorrhea in =.aleE.
Vest. derm. i ven. no-2:58-60 164.
(MMA 17: 11)
Mn= AnM....
A Y,

'03,
to
'6intlor X-Ruk Anol)-sis for the Invvitigation of
Ujilerits. lanizatsloonyl verace"OVAH is"Illij dli~ ls*ledo-
vaniis t*e-nicitictiv. (1twilard-N-A-3 P. F, Kontnalov
=,and t;, Y,
tuni, ~Ilj, 4. 17 21)
Eclutpinvail aml m"hods (or owly ii i litikuT
grum, plloAf)gT:lpll, X.Tily revordingh.

UrREKOV, A.I.; TYUTIKOV, A.K.
Recording X-ray vacuum spectrograph (for the 20--300 A range).
Izv.AN SSSR,Ser.fix.20 no-71794-797 Jl 156. (KLHA 9:11)
(SWtrograph) (X-ray opectroacopy)

YE-F NE-010y)
AUTHOR 4, S.L., YEFREMOV. A.I0 53-lb-11/118
TITLE Invesrigations of t'IW-gFo-r-t---W-a-v-e-Ultraviolet Radiation of the Sun
(Issledovaniya korotkovolnovogo ulltravioletogo 1zlucheniya solntsa.
Russian)
PERIODICAL Uspekhi Fiza Nauk, 19579 Vol 63., Nr lbi pp 163 - 18o (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTMCT The present paper gives a short report on recent results obtained by
experimental and theoretical work on the short-wave radiation of the
sun which were published since the first survey given of this topic
(S*L..MANDEL5HTAf. Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, Vol 469 p 145 (1952))* The author
furth6r suggests that experiments be carried out by means of artificial
earth satellites.
The.radiation of the 0h2tosphere.0 The authors describe the paper by H.
cmwalr; Astrophyso Jo Vol 117# p 29 (1953 ) as the most important in
this field, Above all the presence of various elements in the sun is
discussed.9 something is also said on molecular bondso According to the
authors' opinion this paper by Clearman does not contain any essentially
new results. Other papers (among them theoretical ones) are then dis-
cussed,
The radiation of the chromosphere was investigated by the spectral ana-
lysis of light by means of spectrographs. Photoelectric receivers with
Card V4 separation of a narrow spectral region -were also used. By special systems

53-lb-Ii/J.8
Investigations of the Short-Wave Ultraviolet Radiation of the Sun
Card 2/4
the optical axis~of the spectrograph could be oriented to the sun,, while
the rocket covered the upper part of its orbit. In this manner the re-
corded spectrum could be farther advanced into the short-wave region.
Various papers on this problem are discussed.
The radiation of the corona was investigated in earlier as well as in
more recent works by means of photoelectric receivers, Le, photon coun-
ters, which separate narrow spectral regions by filters. The papers on
this problem are discussed in short,
The variations of radiation and the exeeriments carried out !!Z means of
artificlal earth satellites; The results given in the preceding articles
indicate the existence-lo=very consitlerable variations of intensity of
the line L a emitted by the chromosphere and of the roentgen region of
the spectrum emitted by the corona. These variationsare doubtlessly con-
nected with physical processes taking place in the chromosphere and in
the corona of the sun. These variations of the intensity of short-wave
ultraviolet ionizing radiation of the sun cause considerable perturba-
tions in the terrestrial atmosphere (disturbance of radio communication,
magnetic storms etc.), The attempt Tras recently made to connect thege
variations with solar eruptions.

53-lb-11/18
Investigations of the Short-Wave Ultraviolet Radiation of the Sun
Theinternational geophysical year just coincides with the 11 years,
period of maximum solar activity, which is very favorable for the in-
Yestigations of the variations of the intensity of short-wave solar ra-
diation. Artificial earth satellites should be well suited for this pur-
pose, Experiments planned in the USA are mentioned* In the UeSeSOR, the
measurements of solar radiation will be 'begun in the rurontgen region of
the spectrum. The individual spectral regions will be separated by fil-
torn. The radiation currents will be meausured by a single receiver. The
block system of an apparatus for the recording of the roentgen region
of the solar spectrum in illustrated by it drawing. Multipliers of be-
ryllium bronze will be used as radiation receivers for secondary oleo-
tronse In front of the receiver are placed filters consisting of alu-
minum,, beryllium, and polyethylene filters of various thicknesses. The
calc4ated transmission curves of various filters are illustrated by a
diagram and discussed. Every other two filters are changed in series.
In the disk with the filters there are also normal holes through which
the radiation directly impinges on to the photocathode. The Signals
(voltage pulses) coming from the receiver impinge on to a counting and
recording radiotechnical system, At the output of this system continous
Card 3/4 voltage* develop proportional to the countinj speed of the pulses. The

/
1Y 4 6 c,
2(D-2-22/60
AUTHOIRSt Tyutikov, A. M. Yefremov, A. I.
TITLEs Secondary Electron Multipliers for Recording Long-Wave X-Ray
t,
Radiation (vtorichno-olektronnyye umnozhiteli dlya regiotra-
taii dlinnovolnogo rentgenov8kogo izlucheniya)
PERIODICALs Doklady AN SSSR, 1958, Vol- 118, Nr 2p pp. 286 -,288 (USSR)
AMRACTs The application of the open type of a secondary electron mul-
tiplier (the multiplier is fastened in the vacuum-zore of the
spectrometer without separating windows and the radiation
directly falls upon the photo-cathode) as receiver prevents
the absorption in the window, whereas all the other advantages
of the photoelectric recording are kept up. At such a secon-
dary electron multiplier to the usual requirements (high coef-
ficient of amplification, low background, high performance
rating, high stability of the current) is added also the claim
for high stability of the parameter in case of application
of the device in air. These requirements meet multipliers with
Card 1/3 diodes, which are made of alloys of a light component (tic, Be,

20-2-22/60
Secondary Electron Multipliers for Recording Long-Ttave X-Ray Radiation
Al) with a heavy component (Cu, Ni). These alloya were acti-
vated by ox-jgen at a certain temperature. The authors worked
out secondary electron multipliers of beryllium-bronze, which
combine a high coefficient of amplification with a good usa-
bility in air. The method for producing multipliers i3 short-
ly described. Such electron multipliers with 16 cascades (in-
cluding photo-cathode and collector)p at a voltage 0" 3600 V,
have a coefficient of amplification of I .109 to 2,10 The
stability of the coefficient of amplification in case of long
working in dry and also in moist air is illustrated by a dia-
gram. The background is 5 to 10 impulses per minute. On occa-
siQn of working in a vacuum of 1o-4 to 10-5 torr and in cane
of current of 10 microamperes, which emerges from the collec-
tor, the coefficient of amplification does not change remark-
ably during a duration of work of 1 to 2 hours. In case of
daily operation the apparatus must become overhauled after
3 to 5 months. Such multipliers with a photocathode of nickel
have been used succesofull for recording the radiation in
the reach of 10 to 2 000 Ry. The effect of the secondary elec-
tron multiplier in the range of the long-wave X-ray radiation
Card 2/3 and of the remote ultraviolet radiation is at least a few
2'

20-2-22/60
Secondary Electron Multipliers for Recording Long-Wave X-Ray Radiation
per cent. Thus 9 the secondary eloctm n multiplier of beryl-
lium-bronze with a photo cathode of platinum, gold, nickel
is a device, which fits very well for investigation in the
reach of the long-wave X-ray radiation and of the remote
ultraviolet radiation. There are 4 figuresq and 8 referen-
ces, 3 of which are Slavic.
PRESENTEDs July 22, 1957, by A. A. Lebedev, Academician
SUBMITTEDs July 16, 1957
AVAILA13LEo Library of Congreen
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D299/D302
11. 'ILI SO
AUTHORS: --Y-qfremov, A. I., Podomoahenakiy, A. L.,
Yefimov, 0. N., and Lebedev, A. A.
TITLE: Study of short-wave radiation of the sun
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Iskusetvennyye sputniki
Zemli. no. 10. Moscowo 1961, 3-11
TEXT: The apparatus was installed in the 2nd soviet sputnik.
Depending on the orientation of the space-ship, the various
photon-counter units were switched on and off. The "zero" (i.e.,
the reading when the entrance window was covered by an aluminum
film 1 mm thick) was basically determined by radiation penetrat-
ing the photon-counter unit through the gaps between the entrance
window and the discs with filterB. Owing to the little sensiti-
vity of the apparatus to hard X-rays, no significant increase in
the "zero"-level was observed in the polar regions. The effect
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of charged-particle flow on the readings was accounted for by
means of a special tungsten-plate in front of one of the entrance
windows; this effect was found to be negligible. Sample-readings
(taken on August 19, 1960) for a photon-counter with a BeO
photo-cathode are shown in a figure; another figure shows the
readings for a SrF 2 photo-cathode. Each figure has 3 parts
indicating the readings for various positions of the disc with
filters. The area and thickness of the Ou, Be, Al, ('H)n -
filters are also indicated, The figures show the variations in
the readings due to the rotation of the space-ship. A comparison
of the curves corresponding to the SiO 21 LiF and CaF2 -filters
with those for Al, (CH)n , Be and Cu -filters permitted ascer-
taining the X-ray level registered. The results of data process-
ing led to the following conclusions: (1) The radiation in the
44 - 110 range (CH) n- filter) was constant to an accuracy of
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+ 8~, corresponding to 1.5- 10 7 counts- cm- 2. 8eco- 1. (2) The
radiation in the 8 - 21 R range (Al-filter) was constant
(6.2- 104 counts- cm-2. sec,-') except for the time between 15 hr.
45 min. and 15 hr. 54 min.t when it increased by a factor of
3.2, and also between 14 hr. 24 min. and 14 hr. 28 min., when
it increased by 63%. (3) In the region below 8 R (Be-filter),
the radiation was very weak and often could not be distinguished
from the background radiation of non-solar origin. (4) During
increased solar activity, the radiation in the 5 - 10 range
Be-filter) increased elevenfold. (5) In the 1.4 - 3 range
-filter), only background radiation of non-solar origin was
M
recorded. In order to determine the energy flux from the re-
corded data, it was assumed that the spectral distribution of
the radiation follows the law of black-body radiation (Planck's
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Law). A figure shows the dependence of output signals on sun
temperature for a receiver with BeO-photocathode and Cu, Be, Al,
and (CH) n-filters. Another figure shows the spectral distribu-
tion of the short-wave radiation. It was found that the radia-
tion fluctuations are constant for wavelengths shorter than
20 R and in particular for those shorter than 10 R. The tempera-
ture of the quiescent corona was found to be almost double the
value obtained by American investigators (Ref. 3: H. Friedman,
Trans. Intern Astr. Un., 10p 706, 1960, Cambridge Univ. Press.).
The observed flare, too, corresponds to a higher temperature
6.5- 1.6 oK as compared to (4 _' 2)- 10 6 oK). There are 7 fi-,
and 3 references : 2 Soviet-bloc and 1 non-Soviet-bloc. The
reference to the English-language publication reads as follows:
H. Friedman, Trans. Intern. Astr. Un., 10, 706, 1960, Cambridge
Univ. Press.
SUBMITTED-, April 10, 1961
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~7' 60 (a ts D299/D302
AUTHORS: Yefremov A. I., Podmoshenskly, A. L.9 Ivanov,
M . r. ' _9_1 N~Yo i ~ t v , V .N., and Yefimov, 0. N.
TITLE: Filtering equipment for study of the short-
wave radiation of the sun
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Iskusstvennyye sputniki
Zemli, no. 10. Moscow, 1961, 48-54
TEXT: The method of investigation involves separation of
the various spectral components of the short-wave radiation of
the sun by a set of filters which successively pass in front of
a detector. The most suitable detector for such purposes is a
secondary%-electron multiplier which operates under the condi-
tions of cosmic-space vacuum. The main requirement towards the
photocathode of the detector is a sharp decline in its photo.-
emission in the near ultraviolet and visible regions of the
spectrum. The most suitable material for such photocathodes is
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BeO and SrF2' The spectral senBitivity,of secondary-.electron
multipliers with such cathodes is shown in a figure. The fil.-
ters are mounted on a disk which rotates in front of the detec-
tor. Each second, the disk makes 1/12 of a full turn, placing
a different filter in front of the detector. 3ix positions of
the disk are occupied by filters for soft X-rays and far-
ultraviolet radiation; three have filters of crystalline quartz
for the ultraviolet region with wavelength longer than 1500
vehere the sun's radiation does not undergo fluctuations; the
quartz filters can be used for correcting the readings of the
apparatus related to the other filters; thereby, a -source
(radioactive C14) is placed in front of the apparatus for
calibrating its sensitivity. Two other position3 serve for
checking the zero of the apparatus. The above method of inves-
tigation has the following advantages over the Geiger-MUller
counter methodi (1) The filters can be chosen from a wide
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range of materials, as they are not part of the detector itself
(as in the case of Geiger counters), (2) The radiation in the
various spectral regions is measured by a single detector, and
not by different ones (as with Geiger counters), which excludes
errors due to variations in the sensitivity of the various de-
tectors. (3) A wide spectral range (from X-ray to ultraviolet)
can be covered (unlike Geiger counters). (4) The sensitivity
to cosmic-ray and hard X-ray background is smaller. (5) The
range of recorded counting-rates is at least a hundredfold that
of Geiger counters. (6) Regular checking of the zero and of
the sensitivity of the apparatus is possible. The apparatus
consists of 2 main parts: the three optical units CO- I , C 0-2
CO-39 (SP-1, SF-2, SF-3), and the racording unit PT (RT).
Each of the SP-units incorporates 2 detectors and disks with
filters, a relay inechanism for turning the disks, a premiplifier,
and optical sensors for switching off the apparatus when it is
on the dark Bide of the orbit. The SF-units are placed on the
outside of the space-ship at various points. The presence of
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3 autonomously operating units, each having 2 detectors, permits
increasing the total angle of vision of the apparatus. The
RT-unit, placed inside the space-ship, incorporates 3 autono-
mous counting-rate meters (CRM) with a common output connected
to the telemetering system; each CRM is linked to its SF-unit.
The radiation is recorded by means Of pulse counting. The
pulses pass through the 8econdary-electron multiplier, the pre-
amplifier, and the integrating circuit. For greater accuracy,
the integrating circuit of each counting-rate moter operates
over 3 ranges, corresponding to 0 - 500 counto per sec,, 0 -
5000 counts per sec., and 0 - 50000 counts per see. Each SF-
unit is switched on autonomously by means of a special sensor.
Particular care is taken to prevent switching-on by light re-
flected from the earthIB surface. The overall power requirement
of the apparatus is 12 watt. To ensure a normal heat balance,
the SF-unitB on the outside of the space-ship have aluminum
polish and colorless-oxidized casings. The equipment was tested
and calibrated in the laboratory prior to being installed in
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the Sputnik. There are 10 figures and 8 references: 9 Soviet-
bloc and 1 non-Soviet-bloc,, The reference to the English-
language publication reads as follows: H. Friedman, Trans.
Intern. Astr. Un., 10, 706, 1960, Cambridge Univ. Press.
SUBMITTED: April 10, 1961
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AUTHORS:
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3/169/62/000/007/130/149
D228/D307
Yefremov, A. I., Podmoshenskiy, A. L., Yefimov, 0. N.
6E_n`~eu~ee ~. A.
TITLE; Investigating short-wave solar radiation
PERIODICAL, Referativnyy zhurnal, Geofizika, no. 7, 1962, 8, ab-
stract 7G53 (V sb. Iskusstv. sputniki Zemli, no. 10,
M., AN SSSR, 1961, 4-11)
TEXT: The authors state -the results of measuring -the intensity of
short-wave solar radiation through different filters by means of
secondary-electron multipliers, working under pulse-counting condi~
tions on the 2nd space satellite of 19 AUGL18t.19060, Specimen records
of readings are given. These were made on equipment with a BeO pho-
tocathode when the sun was quiet (14-15 hrs - 14.21 lirs; 17.1.8 hrs
- 17.23 lirs; and 20.17 hrs - 20.-25 hrs) and at the time of solar
flares (15.45 hrs - 15-54 hrs) and also on equipment with a SrF 2
photocathode when the sun was quiet (17-18 hrs - 17.23 hrs). Signal
-variations are connected with the change in the orientation of*in-
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Investigating short-wave ... D228/D307
struments relative to the sun. Zero instrumental readings, even in
polar regions, corresponded to the normal working background dur-
tj
in- laboratory tests; the effect from charged particle flows con-
?
stituted a negligible portion of the effect from short-wave solar
radiation. There were, however, occasional splashes of radiation
when -the equipment was not aimed at the sun. It is supposed-that
roentgen radiation, induced by particles of an atmospheric radia-
tion belt in the polar region, may be a possible cause of'this phe-
nomenon. Comparis;n of the recordings for SiO LiF and CaP filters
C_~ 21 2
with those for Al, (CH)n, Be and Clu filters showed that roentgen
radiation is registered through Al and (CH)n filters but not
through a Ou filter (1.4 - 3 100. The Be filter recording level in-
creased distinctly at the time of solar flares, but it was negli-
gible in quiet periods. The following conclusions are draval or. the
basis of tile processing of the measurement results. The radiation
flow in the region 44 - 110 19L (OlOn-filter) was constant with a
--precision of + 8c;46 and corresponded to 1,5 x 10 7 pulses-cm-2.sec-1.
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V.