SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT YEPATKO, YU.M. - YEPIFANOV, G.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001962710009-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 1, 2001
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SPITIOt Tu.N. CIV~Stko, IU-M-1; XNL'NlX. Tu.P. Nellnyk. IU.P.]
------------
Role of supergens, leac)-ting out of qmurtx duripg tbo enriching erf
% iron rocks and area fr(im the BakmagmnO area of the Irivoy Rol
Biala, Geol.shur, 18 nQ.5:63-69 158. (NBA 12: 1
(Krivoy Rog Basin-Irou-orea) (ore dressing)

XEPATKO, Yu.Y. [IEpatko, 1U.M.]y MELINIK, Yu.P. [Mallnyk, 1U.P.)
Snfw experimental and theoretical d4ta on the forrAtion of
giAthite-andihematite in the'wpathering nurface of the Krivoy
Rol Iron ore,basin. Cool. zhur. 25 no.2tl2-21 165.
i'k (MIRA 18s6)
1. Institut geologicheakikh nauk AN UkrSSR.

PA If k 0
BALEWSAY, Takov Hikoloyevich: MIRA, Galina Georgiyevna; XJBIIMIHA, Raise
Favlovna; YVIM, Turly_Mikhaylovich; IMHMO, Drdtrly Irano-
vloh: SWGIN, Alsksey Il'ich. Prinimali
uchastiyu: KOMURA, 1Y.L.; KRAVCHMO, V.M.; TAKHTUM, G.V.: SEIM-
BAKOVA, K.F.. RODIONOV, S.P., otv.red.; ZAVIRYUKHINA, V.N.. red.
izd-va; TSPIMOVA. X.I., tekhn.red.
[Genesis of iron oreu in the Krivoy Rog Basin) Genesis zheleznykh
rud Krivorozhokogo bossains. Xiev, Izd-vo Aknd.nauk USSR, 1959.
3o6 p. (MIRA 13:2)
1. Chlen-korresponde'at AN USSR (for Rodionov).
(Krivoy Rog Basin--Iron ores)

WMA&A
BELIVTSEV, Ya.N.; YZPATKO. YU.M.; STRYGIN, A.I.
5mbourface oxidation 20neS in tha Krivoy Rog Basin. Sov.geol.
2 no.11:110-123 N '59. (MIRA 13:3)
1. Institut geologichoskikh nauk AN USSR.
(Xrivo.v Rog Basin--Oxidation)

YEPATKO, Yu.M.; SHNYUKOV, Ye.F.
Conditions governing the forrAtion Of carbonate concre-
tions in the Kerch be.sin. Zap. Ukr. otd. Ydn. ob-va, (no.11:
75-82 162. (MIRA 16:8)
1. Institut geologicheskikh nauk AN UkrSSRj Kiyev.

BEUVTSEV, U.N. (Bielievtsevp.U.M.10- XEFATKO '1u.N. [lEpatkot TU.M.1;
PBTUKHOU9 G.N. (Petukhovap lk-ml
Solubility of quartz and hematite in waters of various
ion. Geol. zhur. 20 no. 501-56 160. (MM 14:1)
(Quartz) Olematite)

UFATKO, I&J,-ClEpatko., IU.M.]; LAGUTIN, P.K. (Lahutin.. F,K.I; LALO, V.M.
Experimental data on theleaching of quai-tz-fe3ABpar vandstonep,
Geol.zhur. 23 no.1:8c~-92 163. (MIRA 16:4)
le Institut ologicheskikh nauk AN UkrSSR.
tallandatoxie) (Leaching)

BELEVTSEV, U.N.; FOYENKO,'V.Yu.; NOTAROV, V.D.; MOLYtVK0jG.I.;MEL1NIX,
Yu.P.; SIROSHTAN, R.I.;/DOVGANI, M.N.; CHERNO%'SKIY, M.I.;
SHCHERBAKOVA, K.F.; ZAOORMOO,L,G.;.GOEOSHNIK(;V,,B.I.;
AXIMENKOp N.M.; SEMEROEYEVAv Te.1.;-XUCVER9 V.N.~ TAKHTUYEV,
G,V.j KALYAYEV, G.I.j'ZARUBA, VA; NAZAROV, P.P.) MAKSIMOVICH,
Y.L.j STRUYEVA, G.M.; KARSHENBAUX, A.P.1 SKARZHINSK.IYA, T.A.;
CHEREDNICHENKO, A.I.; GERSHOYG, Tu.G.; FITADE, A.Aq :'kDUTSKAYAp
P.D.; ZHILKINSKIY,;S.I.; KAZAK, VA; KACHAN, V.G.; STR;','IN,
A.I., red.; LADIYEVA, V D red ; ZHUKOV, G.V., red.; WATKO,
Yu.M._,,red.; SHCHERBAKOiI.D., *red.; SLENZAK, 0.1., red.iiza--ft;
RAKRLINAt N.P., tbkhn. red.
[Geology- of Krivoy Rog iron-ore.deposito]Geologiia 4rivorozhakikh
zhelezorudnykh mestorozhdenii. Kiev, Isd-vo Akad. nauk USSR.
Vol.l.[General problems in the geology of the Krivoy Rog Basin.
Geology and iron oresof the depositus of the "Ingulets,"
Rakbmanovo,, and Illich Mines]Obshchie voprosy geologii. Krivbassa.
Geologicheskoe stroenia i zheleznye rudy mestorozhdenii rudnik9v
"Ingulets," Rakhmanovs'kogo i im..Ilticha. 1962. 479 p.
.(Krivoy Mg Basin-Mining geoloF) (MIRA 16:3)
(Krivoy Rog Basin--Iron ores

y3m, Boyll, P.
-------- m-rokly Brick Yaotory in produci cernnic
Practices of Starchenir nf
robbon roofing tile". liill.lmd, 10 no.1:19-21 Ja 60.
(MIRA 13:5)
1. Nachallnik otdola stroitellnykh materialov Kiyevskogo,
oblmezhkolkhosetroyas
(Starchenkovskiy District-Brick industry)

T&BLIBOYM P.
How to sample clay to be used in laborator7 and semiindustrial.
testing. Sill.bude 10 no.5%18-19 Ar 160.
OWU 13 s 7)
1. Fachallnik otdela, stroitelInVkh naterialoy Ilyevskogo
oblmeshkolkhoxotroys
(Clay-ves;ing)

YEPIELIBOM."', P.
Waareor,''lizinE; Sill-
161. C
no.3:1,1-17 '-~r
1. NacIallnik otdc!,L a4~ro,-Aarlalav Kiyalo,'Orp
Proviqcc--' Holl oi r bric"t's)

3, P.P.: IREIEBTIKOVA, Z,P-
Our proposals. -210kt-i tePl-tiaga RO-5111-13 MY 157, (KLU 10,?)
1. Zacestitell nachallnila slushby lokomotivnogo khosyaystva
Sverdlovskoy sholesnoy_4tcogi'(for-.Toperin). 2. Fachallnik otdola
remonta Sverdlovskojv shelesnoy dorogi (for lhrobtikova).
(Locomotives-Kaintenance and repair)

TIMIN. P.P.: TRETITAK. T.P.
Our reaults and resezi-es for further economisirg of electric
:snerffs 31skei tspl.tlags 4 no.1:4-6 Jo 160.
(MIR& 13:4)
1. GlavrW inshener s:Luxbby lokomotivnogo khoxyaystva Svordlov-
~.skoy dorogi (for Yepwrln). 2. Glavr*T Insbaner sluzhby alaktrifi-
imtsii i onergeticheo'cogo khotyaystys Sverdloyakojr dorogi
(for 'fret Iyakov).
(Blectric railroado-Cost of operation)

1 ~04_' Ac-.-P
USSR/Analytical Chemistry k*v3,lysis of Inorganic Substances G-2
Abs Jour : Referat Zhur fgiiniya, No 2, 1957, 4(90
Author : Babkdn, R.L., Yepeykina, K.P.
Title : Rapid DeterminatLon of-Nitrates in Boiler Water
'tik
Orig Pub Energe 1956,1(110 Bo 13-14
Abstract The method which the authors recommend as a rapid method
is based on the possibility of a direct titration of n03
with a solution of indi,3ocarmine (1) in a strongly
acid medium. Into a 100 ml flask are placed 10 ml of the
water being investigated, 10 ml concentrated 112Soj~ (SP.
Gr. 1.84) are rapidly added and the hot solution is
titrated immedin.tcly with a solution of I to a dirty-
green coloration. To prepare the titraCing sultiLion of
1, a weighed sample of finely comminuted I is placed
Into a porcclairt di6h, caref),11y molsteneJ with concen-
trated H2S04 (6-8 ml 112S01, per 1 g I), heated with
Card 1/2 37

USSR/Analytical Ch,,J,t,y _ ".I
Abs jour An4l'010 Of Inorpnic Subatances 0-2
Referat Zhur - 101'm-tYa, 1-10 2, -195(, 47go
O"aglOnal istirring on a water bath until. completely
dissolved, dilutXI to the predetermined volume) allowed
to stand for 5-6 days, filtered.# and the titer of this
Solution is then deteratiled by unina a standard sOlution
Of IC1103 or
by secondar 1131-103- S'nce the Main reaction is accompanied
y pi-oce,380i it is necessary to adhere strictly
to the set conditions Of titration,
Card 2/2
38

BABKIN, R.L., Inzh.; YXPMINA, X.P., Insh.
Determining adcroquantitien of silicon and phosphorus In condensate.
Xlek.sta. 29 no,6:34-37 LTG 138- (MIRA 11s9)
. (SiliCOL n--Analysis) (Phosphorus--Analysis) (Steam--Analysis)

BABEIII, R.L.g Insh.; YIPSYKIlRo K~P,, Inzhe
Determining pH of weakly buffered mediu=. Teploenw;etika
7 no.2-.66-70 7 160. (MM 13:5)
1, Vostochnyy filial Tessoyusnogo toplotakhniche8kogo instituta.
(Hydrogen-ion concentration)

BABKIN, R.L., inzh.;,:~g~ INA,.K.P.
Analysis of oxygen dissolved in water. Teploenergetika 9 no.2:
48-54 F '62. NM 15:2)
1. Vostochnyy filial Vsesoyuznogo teplotekhnicheskogo instituta.
(Water--Analysis) (Colorimetry)

YEEPIFANOV, A.
Radioperedaiushchie ustroistva. Z-Radio transmitting eauipr.--nt_7. Yoskva, Voen-
morizdat, 1945, 159 P. illus.
SO: Soviet Transportation and Communications, Bibliogra]2hZp Library of Congress,
Reference department, Washington, 1951, Unclassified.

~,1417,a! ~~_AS%Q
IfR
UR/
ACCMIOr AMOM49 BOOK MTATIOK
Dmitriyqvicli
Alakundr;
LA-vo 4(ashlrostroyeniyeff,
9JWQ Coplas P.-sntod. 64. (1335 p. illun., biblio. Errata sUp inserted"
ng~
UMM AM r.effeffts the 8
GDVMI*t The book p ths~& tical w=ipies.or iaut=ue
stemm naIleb4lfty mid afforn mathoda qf analyffis and gyrLthsaid or gyst,=b with andL,
rrAuManny, resiored uA non-rwst~orod. Koet of the theoretical proposi"
T-n toil 11 a v is- "ho -,ok ia InTar-Aad for broad soctio"
cI or-ior- ~Ic iml tochnical ongInverinC p43rsonnaj connscLud wlLb dovlgii dovt,~_j M.O"
CA--' _.' 4"_1, :_"I R r)(1. a; Ag &r. Ptia 4()r
Tom Or C011ITNTS' labridged) 1 44-
rorewrd~
JWY.
aV
7
Ch. IT TN." characteristica of' Ums f*004amm operation of dyntems. cozwonent
,_Gard 1/2

YIPIPANOV, A.P.; inzh.
Rzoollont track maintenance under difficult condition-s. Puti I put.
khoz, no*4:9-10 Ap 159. (MIRA 13:3)
1,Kachallnik distantaii, stantsiya Vavilovo, Ufimakoy dorogi.
(Chelyabinsk Province-Railroads--Maintenance and repair)
S

YXPIYAKOV, A.R., podpolkaynik.
P-
'-~- ~ 111minate mistakes In coidetmO piloting technique. Yest.Tozd.71.
40 no,7:58-63 J1 157. 'I (MIRA 10:11)
(Flight training)

1. YEPIrANCV, B. 1'..
2. USSR (600)
4. Iron Ores-Tula Province
. 7. Calculation of the Tula iron ore reserves based on prosrecting and previcus surveys,
for Januaryl, 1944. Izv. Glav. upr. geol. fon. no. 2 1947.
9. Monthly List of Russian Accession3, Library of Congressj_LIjrch 1953. Unclassified.

r-pin"ji,ov, r3. P.
51
Uagm/Cljology soidimutwy Rocks vAr
"on Pustovalov's-Article 'Problem of Scientific
State of Sedimew.tary Rocks,." Assoc Prof B. P.
y,epifanory Vorowzh State U
"Iz Ak Nauk ol" No 2, PP 139-149
Ser.Ge
Yepifanov outlines his opinion on Pustovalov's
errors in latter's theory of "sedimentary differen-
tiation" and "p4riodicity law of deposit formation"
and on his incoiTect application of Marxl,en dia-
lectical m.'ethodc to theory of sedimentary rocks.
LC l6oT6i

TZFIYANOYT B.P,
Interrelations betwoon farruginous quartsites and overlaying
pre-Cambrian shale-ceirbonate series found in the Voronezh
auticline. Dokl.AH SESR 107:no.3t453-454 Mr 156. MPA 9t7)
l.Mookovskiy inatitut tavotufth metallov i solota imeni H.I.
Kalinina. PredetavlanD akademikom N,M.Strakhovym.
(Voron02h-Geolog7, Stratigraphic)

20-2-34150
'AUTHORt Yepifanov, B.P.
......
.
TITLEs .. ..
On the Geological Conditions of the Iron-Ore Horizons of Lipetsk
and Tula (0 geologicheskikh otnosheniyakh lipetskoZo I tullskogc
zhelezorudnykh gorizontov)
PERIODICALs Doklady AN SSSR, 1957, Vol- 116, lir 2, pp. 284 - 286 (USSR)
ABSTRACTt These two ore deposits were considered as results of the accumula-
tion of brown iron oxides in a network of lakes at the beginning
or in the middle ol' the Jurassic era, i.e. as of the same age and
formed under the same conditions. It was later on proved, however#
that the Tula ores irere formed In littoral-marine lagoons in the
middle of the Vis6 epoch. Material for a similar revision concern-
ing the Lipetsk ores also exists now. The paleontological material
indicates that the Lipetsk ore horizon can by no means be younger
than Lower Carboniferous. The lithological characteristics do
not admit the assumption that the deposits of the ore horizon in
one and the same reservoir wore accumulated with the Jurassic rocks
covering it. TIfis is also contradicted by a complete absence of
remaino of Jurasaio organism and by the cutting off of the ore ho-
rizon by Jurassic rocks. A further precise definition of the stra-
Card 1/3 tigraphic position of the Lipetsk ore horizon at first view meets

. to-2-34150
On the Geological Conditions of the Iron-Ore Horizons of Lipetsk and Tula
with insuperable difficulties. It is deposited on limestones of
the Fran stage and is covered by Uiddle Callovian rocks. The
author' a observations showed, however, that the Lipetsk ores
northward rise to higher Devonian horizons and then to the Lower
TournS. Nowhere, however, they lie on carboniferous (stalinogorsk)
deposits. On the contrary, in the Tula and Smolensk regions iron
ores were discoverei under the carboniferous deposits. The totali-
ty of data leads to the conclusion that the Lipetsk ore horizon
is of the same age its the bauxite horizon of the Moscow basin,
and northward goes over onto the latter. It belongs to the lake
stage,of facies of --,he carboniferous period. The adginal siderite
nature of the Lipetak ores was supposed and provedt too. These
siderites shall be considered as diagenetic. Consequently certain
comaon features of the Tula and Lipetsk ore horizons are explained
by their belonging to the humid formation of the Vist stage and
by their common history in the Post-Paloozoic (namely washing out
in the Mesozoic). The difference3between them, especially the
lack of remains of marine fauna in the Lipetak ores, is explained
by their belonging to different faoiec. The technological differ-
ences of the Lipetsk ores, well-known to the metallurgists, are
Card 2/3 to be traced to their original siderite-like nature. There are

20-2-34/50,
On the Geological Conditions of the Iron-Ore Horizons of Lipetsk and Tula
1 figure, I table and 14 Slavic references.
ASSOCIATIONt Moscow Institute for Nonfc=oue Metals and Gold imeni M.I Kalinin
(Moskovskiy inatitut tsvet-zykh metallov i zolota im. M.I. Kali-
nina)
PRESENTED: May 3, 1957p by N.M. Strakhov, Academician
SUBMITTEDt April 28, 1957
AVAILABLEt Library of Congrees
Card 3/3

~,XPIFANOVO B.P. .
Pre-CambrLan stratigrapby on the Kura),.-Yorone.zh arch* Nat* po geole
i pol. iskop. tsentr. raino. evrop. chasti SSSR no.2:28-52 159.
(HIRA 13:9)
1. Institut tsvetnyich metallov i zolots. im. lalinina.
(Kursk j%gnetic Ancmaly--Geology, Stfatigraphic)

YIPIYANOV B i YT icheskiy nauk; SMIRINNIKOV.
Pq kandidat tekhn
A 0
"ORMI, -
par Miltherier; ORISHKIN, B.S.,rodaictor; ARNOLIDOTA.
K.S..redaktor Izdatel'stva; SHITS, V.P.,tekhnicheskiy redalctor;
[Operation and repair of railroads for transportation of lumber]
lkepluatai,siia t remont lesovoznykh zheleznykh dorog. Moskva,
Ooeleebumizdat, 1956. 207 P. (KLRA 10:5)
(IALmber--Trans; ortat ion) (Railroads)

HILOEMSU, Vasiliy Tefimovich, kand.takhn.nauk; KUTSHINSCIT, Y.T.,
It insh., retaenzent;_-IVIh 111, Xvy---dotsent, kand.takhn.nauk,
rotsenzent; IONOV, B.D., red.; PITZMI, Ts.L.. red,izdva;
PARAKHIIIA, K.L., takhn.rfid.
[Road-building machinery] DorozhnoBtroitelInye mashiny. Xoekva,
Goolonbumisdato 1960. 7,63 (HIIIA 1143)
(Road machinoWl

Dori! Tefimovloh:,dotsent; IONOVj Boris Dultriyarich, dotsent;
IMUNOYP_K_
,M,# prof ratmenzent; BUCHILMOT, V.V,, dotment,
rotsonzent; SHCHINNIKOV, P,N,, dotsent, reteensent; OMMOT,
A.1,, dotmett, red.; PHIMAN, Te.L., red.ixd-va; YDOVINA, Y.H.,
tekhn.red.,
(Road-building machineryin the forest industries and principles
of road building] Dorosbuo-strottelizqe mashiny v lesnal pro-
zkyahlannostl I oenovy d(troshnogo dels.. Moskva, Goolesbumisdat
1961, 376 p. (MIRA i4rl2~
1. UrallsklyIloootakhnicheskly Institut (for Korunov). 2. Arkho-
gel'skiy lenotekhnichesidy Institut (for Shchelkuzov).
(Road machinery) (Wood-using Industries)

.YE FANOVLjbd-ttiy-Yafimpyjch: ~ISIPOVj G.A.p otv.red.; FROINA9 Ye.I.p-
red.lzd-va; SHKLYAR9 S.Ycop tekhn.reds
[Protectiv.e grounding of electric systems in mini ] Zaahchitnya
zatemleniia elektricheskM ustanovok v gornorudnoi promphlen.-
nosti.. Moskvap Gos.naucImo-tekbn.izd-vo lit-ry po gornam delup
1960. 161 P., (MIRA 34%6)
(Electricity in mining)
(Electric currents-Grounding)

KI.1,11111SKIY, Mikhail 1111ch, kand. tekhn. nauk, dots.;,-Xj~F~FANOV,
SMIR12411KOV,
JLoX,is~Yefimovicb$ kand. tekhn. nauk, dots.;
Pavel Stepanovich., inzli.; SMSHIIISKIY, B.A.p inzh,,
retsenzent; NOVIKOV, G.G., prepodavatells retsenzent;
GAVRILOV, I.I., red.
(Use and repair of logging roads) Ekspluatatslia i remont
lesovoznykh dorog* Iz(1,2*, perer. Moskvaj, Izd-vo "Lesnaia
prorqshlennostt," 1964.. 40. p. (VIRA 17:7)
1. Alatyrskiy lesotekhaicheakiy tekhnikum (for Novikov).

Y&FIFANOV, G., inzh.; YERMOLOV, Yu.., inzh.
Standardize the design of safety valves. B449p.truda, v prom. 6
no.603 Je 162. OURI 15sll)
(Pressure vessels-Safety appliances)

USSR/Diseases of Farm Animals. Diseases Caused by R-1
Bacteria and Pungij
Abs Jours Ref Zhur-Bidl,., No.18j, 195Bo 83537
Author t JS Rifs
Inatitutet Siverian Soientifio Research Veterinary Institute
Title t The Diagnostic Value of Blood Serum leaction in Para-
tuberculosic Enteritis in Cattle.
Orig Pub t Sbe nauchn, rabct Sibirsk, n.-i. vet. in-ta, 1957j,
vyp,, T, 195-197
Abstract Allergic testa vith fowl tuberculin may fail on all
the animals of ihe herd in long lasting paratubercu-
losiB (P) enzooty. Control of P on farms can not
always be achieved with methods of allergio examina-
tions alone. The blood serum reaction is of great
diagnostic impoitance and is recommended for wider use.
From the author's summary.

'ATNI'My D`3eascs of Farm AnimaI3. Gonoral Problems
No.13,1958 ?11% 596-52
ATITHOR t -Enifanov, G.
T IT [,f-: Theraptilit'Le Pr~:)purtia-- of Colostrie Oin,,44a
J I's, CID.t3. Vh. 3'LbIrIj 1957P No 12t 73-74
T
A33'VUCT i Por the trenbi-)nt and prophylaxis of g
, stock) dx-y colostric
tinal di3oases of the younp
curda (DCC) wom applied with a good result. For
the prophylaxio, DCO was acb-ainistered on--e a e-ay I
along, with foot! in the following doses: to a calf,!
up to 10 days of age - 20 to 35 9-; from 10 to 20
days of age - !')0 to 70 g. : to a Youn!Z Pit',, uP to
20 days of age - 2 to 3 9- , and to an oldor one -
3 to 5 g- SIck anli-Als ware given DOC twice daily
Cj?'~M: 1/2

MY IJ,'I.'3n
i""Wri Animals. Gyens.,ral Problo.-is
1 95 2
1,U7HCR
u
7 lic in twice a3 laiifn dosos. The technique of pre-para-!
i
I corstid. ti-ion of DCC is describeil.- L. S. lKiric-rionko I

ussn / virology. Human and AnjUuLl viruses. Swine Disease viruses. E-3
Abu Jour :Ref Zhur - Biole, No 20, 1958) No 90592
Authora :Okunteov, I. F.
Inst :Siberian Veterinary Scientific Research Institute
Title :Experimental Studies of Immunization of Hogs Against Plague
With Dry Rabbit Vcvzcine.
Crig Pab :Byal. nauchno-tekhi. inform. Sibirsk. n.-i. in-t, 1958, No. 3
21-23.
Abstract :No abstract givene
Card 1/1
12

rl
YBPIYANOTO G,,, na,.whmy ootrudnik,
-Hogging off potato fields& NaUkEL i pered, op. v sellkhoz. 8 no.5t
42 V7 158,, (KIRA 1195)
1. Sibirskly usuohno-Iscledovatelleldy vaterinwVy institut.
(Swine-Feedirg and feeding stuffs) (Plotatoes)

UP37ANOV, OJet referent.
1.
, '- ~ ~- , ~ ~ 1T,' I I F - ~ i I ~ -' ~ -, , -, -1 ' ' ~:' - , ' I I I
Testing a virus passed through rabbits for use in Immunizing swine*,
against plague (from %Llletin do I'Aaaamie Yeterinailre do Yrance,,
nvi, 10.9. 1953). Veterinariia 35 no*6:75-76 je 158. (MIR& 11t6)
(Swine plague)
M

I
ROMANCEMMO, I.F.; OVSYANOV, 11.1%; YEPI!AEgy,,S,,x.j-,OVANESOVA, II.B.;
SHHULEVICH. I.S.
Throughout the Soviet Union. Veterinarita 35 no. 7:92-95 JI 158.
(Veterinary medicine)

OMMTSOV, I.V., kand.vet.nauk. isasluzhennyy veterinarnyy vrach RSFSR;
YICPIFANOV, G.F., nauchn37 sotradnik
--awwambis"
1 0"
.nised vaccine againtit hog cholera in experiments and in practice.
Veterinariin 36 no-2:4&-51 7 159. (MIRA 12:72)
1. Sibirskiy nauchno-iaiiledovatellskiyveterinarnyy institut*
(Omsk Province--Hog cholera)

YIPIYANOV. G.F.
Parakeratools. an acLullibrium disorder syn rome related to the feedIng
of pigs, Le Porper$ Le Placidi. Recuel do fiedioino Veterinairo do
Vocole d'Alfort, OT 'I, NO-12, 1956. Voterinnrlia 36 no-3:82 Mr 159.
(MMA 12:4)
(Swine-Dineasas and paste)

YEFIFANOV,, G., starshiy nauchny3r sotrudnik
Now booka on vatorinary wdicinee Votertrariia 37 nos4s
89 Ap'60. (KM 1616)
lo Sibirskly nauchno-iseledovatellakly veterinarnyy in-
atituVi (BlUTOM21TY--VETMINARY RDICINE)

YEPIFANGV G VARDOSANIDZE, D.G.1 ALIVMIUV A.Ao GUL'YEV., P.R.
Information and brief news. Veterinariia 38 no.705-96
J3. ! 61. (KMA 16: 8)
(Veterinary-medicine)

WBANOV, K.P.; YKPIFANOV, G.F., kand.veterin.nauk
_14, - e~, ~ - I ", ~, -'.
Eradication of hog cholera in Omsk Province. Veterinarlia 40
no.7t25-26 J1 163. (MIRA .16:8)
1. Nachallo1k vaterinarnogo otdela Omskogo oblastnogo upravleniya
proizvodstvt% i zagotovcJc sel'skokhozyaystvennykh produktqv (for
Lobanov). 2. Sibirskiy, riauchno-issladovatellskiy veterinarnyy
institut (for Yepifanor). (Omsk Province-Hog cholera)

BORISOVICHP Yu.F.. rPIFANOV, G,.F.; HELINIKOV, P.; SERGIYENKO, Ye.S.;
SHEVCHENKO, R.; FROLOV, L.; LODYANOV, V.; NIKOLISKIYp Ya.D.;
LUZYANIN, D.; AZIMOV, D.
Information and brief new. Veterinariia 40 no.2*91-96 F 163.
(MIRA 17:2)

IFANOV, G.F.; MEDVEDVI, I.D.; FCRTUSHIIYYP V.;
MNIKOV, Po; OBTAPENNO,
IERAGNOV, R-P-,' KoLEGAYEV, G.
Brier news. Veterinarlia. 41 no.12:lol-109 D 164. OZAIRA 18:9)

OSTAPENKO, K.; KRYKIN, Aq DULtN&V, V.I,; OSETROV, V.S.; TOPALYAN, K.M,,j
FEDOROV, Yu.; YATSYSHIH, A~I.; TITOK, V.A.; YEPIFANOV. G.;
I - I -- - ~ 1. - -10 - -- ~ ~ I
RASTEGAYEV, Yu.
Controlling little-knp-rn animal diseases. Vaterinariia 42
no.8tlit~-124 Ag 165V--- (NIRA 18,31)

YEPIFANOV, G.F., kanji. v,A-'I-y in. nauk
Practices in the extermination of hog cholera. Vaterinariia 41
no.9:4-6 S 164. ( KIRA 1824)
1. Sibirskiy nauchno-ls3ledovatellskly vetorinarnyy institut.

MIN 1 0 0 0 0 4-0-0-,
_JL__L .9_01 r a
.A -9-A 20 kL W U I v k IL
IV- 0-
*'Wa bra" on
00 t at
'(rkdZ
0* lab.. DrAudahikau).
h
h
p
764U(1")(W RusWan).
I I wim of 1.0 mm. diam.
-am" (am 64 -go
hm -ec"Ing. to a diam, of 0.69 mt"..
drawn out wit
$011,614h& NJM*t Wt" M046104 PfWfrWVdY. hT 1041
door,410011min allhat 24*to3QU*. 11moler. V*
j Us with silln j b all 16- be-
=117 flat 24.
The cum drs",", r1p,
tween 34* and,10) . uns I hs
Ann. Ptylik 16. M. W7(1 : Z. memubmwe
IM1934)) In that It Sboars tbeffrilwootinuilk-1 of f
Tht astas 3 d1womillnul-
around I ft 100, 2UO, arW S301.
tilm appear, W"ll mom 4(stladly. Ill the curve o(the 11m.
gmx1m. *-oil. V of toast wirt anaratrit lit I a"Iftst the
mnw wim AoW:y anr"W at 4W. 30 inim. I - re 0
Imey. of Irlds asAinst # sbcor 3 distinct I=
00 an
temp. 110-240' and W-3W* thow P
Afte z
logo
Ago
1100
too
000
~6 T Ir goo
1, - fit a AW a I W
0 4P14 a of it ft it 09 aAa q 1 14
10 o * 0 o
0 # * 4:* 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 * 0 o 40 0 * 9 e * 0 0 0 0 0 0
V 000 * 0 # 0 0 6 to 00 # *#I* *_0 0 0000 a 0 00-0 0 0

I UA

A!"O=~v"OM Xv.
P
And
.
O'k
l
l
*
#6, V"4 1"9) .-The itat. of twern absorbed
ms excew poteetial 0= Id dw Orw &Atlkw W the
d
l A
f
In the
rilling of
ormitt
pl"tkAUY dt
n v 1=
gon: ;.
At dct4 by the differvace at ibe It work A wW th*
'
;;L
4b
b
i
i
tf
Idtvv
vv
"tQ.peco lobe
w
mUFMWNO
udo-
g f
tl
d A
it
b
I
h

4 ow c1
"lc
e ess
ut a VM Wan
n t
a
e prejenet
.
uf repilwyWO" 1"holon"I 14 within the limits of #%Ptl.
rffW. 11111S, to PUDINSIAt 11~110. NAM in WhIS, OWN,
In millImales/l.) ot carylic acid 1201, palmitle acid (0).
Is y1 Isle. (S"), SOW tea sk. 61k IW(A - QA -
T
%
2
nup. t v"d thic a of
OA, 1.6, 1J. uA I
m r
remand ="at lepw (eqW dm of drillift)
,
04 caols".4cilvi substance 41lerressrs t 2-3 times

ho I".
"Opffed *fib their
t14 Ne almallw4l
a=
06. mries to ok*k I the in the 0=6 pr-, Is

Itrkputad to a Dart a Mtn, I - - .-.- .---
-
:
,7,Z
a cartfill 7.
=
so wher of =. Thin point 6
f
d
f
e
ormation o
no tomb" k The apw of visa
.-matak. PwAl, the werkal cuttimejo of thearder of 1010
( UP
d
L

er o
e.
M. tw, thi awarlied lmvW of the or
or"111
,
Tholl
b
In
west with the ti
t
N
t %
.
,
oo
*
Alne
.
p

,wo
$W*4 -it '*T Jot 4#10104A
U
0 we Doped using PlItIng 19 a 1
A* 2 2 ~22 21 :1
4 0 a 0 0
T: 0 lit
low" R"tqw
I I Ow 0 It 4 1 9 9 All 4 11 V
v0
1,00
190
199
W&
fee
0
4104111
moo
too
too
too

***Gee*** goes*** 4111":
0 V, to 12 11_~ 0,16 11 It. "'a a it J? a Nis JIM Ux Jill #P4#? 4W#14M a C*
.A 11-9 t J! -_ a -it 1. 1 -It. I Ao'_K_.ccjv_U ii. A_t_ ol_.J_L~A 0_1 'A
of
11111111110MIN Of tb* 1111tWO 0 tbl 09W 00 tit AdWPOWS
so emsids of The cuft*j Meta
jo~r,. C.. 1. FjoiNnar, 1'. A.
00 A Rchinder. anti I.- A.- P414dy Jkdsf~ NOW
00 A ss-v.R. 66. m-m-SH focque, it, to( thr ofrill
I diAm. 7 mom.,rutting angle "I'. 44M r.1w -in.). thr cutting
go wmk A, suit thickm6. At. of nomortal renotived tit one rrytilu-
thin of the iftill. weve defol. low 3 Irmulm ill onsmil-: (Is
00 At 4nd Cie. crtilorsortiting highly t-LWw illet.414. undergling *0
high degree of void wmking in tht tulting (111 -00
00
00 Zn. Sn. And Cd, triownfing 1110,ito oil lqivvrf pUttirity;
4nd "" '"I", "I'"*1111fig 1,11111c 11SVI'll.,
uh tiolk def..a'.. '. ,y. The sr.i-ing tit thr
00
so -E due in iniffsersim i liquid it rotljfo,~l by
W7 k InItAy 'utting firtlirl. In
I, I. where A. refen 11,
no, lo,jilimuni cowit. tit onillininic 1.) #4 hrpiyl AV, rop 0
1313). crtyl 41c. OID. c.41-rvlk- m-0 41111 11 41111ilk'
,DID `
.19-1-14141, fis 114"It"Am kvjn~o fie... it flishr.1 I At hof Or.wl.
so I (At). torlsob1loff -IA) (,or It (/n). (sold -1 bw III
i'r, Its the I.S.1 p(MIJI, miff4tr-m-tivi. floor nib
so
Ofect on .1. The will k 4, volirv in Ow illiv pril.
00 losprtion at a, i v it a it. Owl it. poret-rotte #d I vitfocr,
ivtv in grioull 11, 11411 At all in Soloist, 111.
3 Tloi.
"70 0
I.luviaw u( On-3 ni Ignifullr% anti y fro-1.11til liv ft - f. I
J-)) lwov" Ow the rkT%vt tit th, I-I.Ar ~,Jn. ctnj.i%t, in An
"A.ing tit the jol.toov Ow us-fAl. Lv., in zoo
..'"Infrr~1issg its nold wwItins, two in.& fuhtiemmx... mon
I I I lie Lit fer " r" I he rig JHXjjd 1111.14 rg,).i 01,1111p.,
firriwill unch-inged; actuilly, 11 rrnwits. tAp:
"yoo.s., nd A chAr
S. Th.
A #ITALt,krrIr4j 111filaft,111 tt&jjjFKA'j#0b cgs
it,
U a iv so At -ri 'r-
tA I I I NJ 14 0
Is of ft It will 0941 111K Kan LCOE-Oan 1:14 lfi4ii)f
00 0 0 606 09 0 0 0 0 of*** 000 go 000000 00 0
g
VAI 0 0 0 0 * 41111 0 0 0 Its
10 * 0 0 * * * 0 00

Jdassigoa, 0 on mambwAwj 0
N"k he 111M diagoft- 0.1. loole
fa!!?j-AAc%d. Sri. U-841,11t.. Mogocow). PAtlady ;WC-
I
A'suAl S.S.S.R. 73 liquid
media lower the word of cutting in inetals of high Astic-ity.
but have very little effect oa laor-plookwir brilic mettals.
The lot group should compriote the facv-centored cubic
me" A] and Cu. whereu in So and Zn. reat
.p.. teLroggonal
and hexagonal. plastic dow is litnited to few slip planes, and
btitLk rupture OCVVtg lilt Al relatively early stage Of the Ah4V-
Ing operation, A 3nI group Includes typically brittle
me". torunic. cast irots. and Sol, the cutting of which in-
7 veto prAcLically no plastic deformallon. Tte &9m of
plastic arturma(hon Ito the Illilling of annealed talloples of
. U'Z andlnwtstlttd-bythemiloultheleallb
44 The I and the length ul the chl . I* dr 1411111. Ohio
'!T 4j. 1 1: and I ON-
ratio was (in the alkwe actler) .
under BuO)I, 2.8, 2.7. 1.65. and 1~6- 60;~eQhAttltly.'Ibe
efiect of the surflioce-octive medium. BuOH. Is mo at marked
with the mort highly Plastic metals, and is MitivAy in-
significant with 5n. slid. even noore. with Zoo. For the
highlY 14AA11C InflAIN. the wtwk of plastir dviogrustitm wAlorit
up tfic, t of the wark of cuttlud. The fawwIng
data ive t doorm (kg./sq. nign.). the op. wxk of cut.
tin 'lm.) tuodeor dry ctnuflikous. and The Wougg under
On H - A). 20. W. 29-6: Cu. 46 130 fil. M 84. It 4.
a. ; Zo, 52, 46A 42.5; brunse 14 ii 62' ;;~ lrom 3113
() ib' N
62 43; 1.111. 1.4. RZ groolt ;I c.1titis clearly In:
er gri Icity of dw n*W; thus. at approx.
ZLZ itb t!%g%
equal bar 51) that work is only 1.8 In a* cam at
d. ZO
Sb. 48.6 lot Zu and to 130 tat Cu-, for cast
increw"
loon. It is ed as law All log A]. despite the cuagoitimlAy
1.5 tku
greater hardness. and comparlson o( Sh %ith % shims Gw
Sb a work u0 cutting only otle-alith of that u(No. desplir a
hardnea 7 time@ as Itcat. In the series of the stlove 7
metals, the ratio of the work expended on aluving undcr dry
conditions sold in fligoll jo, graft.. 3ri. 1.14, 1.43. 1.1. 1 0.
1". 1.M. to tho cam "I the Piffillfir illegalli, the hrarling
of the *"it by the goolace-active usedlurn W due to a dr.
ctuse of the plastic deforguallou. or. in other words. to
earlier occurrence of brittictim. The effectiveness of the
surface-gictive medium decreases with decreasing ftacepti-
bility to culd-work, and disappears almost compkicly in
Zn, and curuilletely in brogue. With very highly ficoille
Slovials. CNA1 i"M and .12l. $be dcAl"
beLmnseseffective. In this IltSlAtkV. ittg(dC"Mtbtl 10 4,1-
sorptive prevrALIM of the Collapse of the MiclulrackA. the
formation of which vrftvdts brittle rupture. V. Thon

-----------
Of L
the 01106090NOW a so 160SO W A~~
M. G d Y A linTSW W
cf ~1,_
S. Ila, ;p
7Q .411, 50m-Att expil, study was
made of t efectiveaeas of water and of %011 in the ft"
Ing of coninnescialty pure A] that had been cold-cullml
at 4W Specimens
oW 0% #her anwalim
Lspeed of 10cm./'
mia., Of"400JIMM The
litud" IbriampaFthocUpson cuttinscify was about
II (or specimens cd&toikd 0% mW was 4.6% for speci-
me" COW-raw 75%. This behavlow was explained by i
the "baustim bulicated that chip forma-
1100 occurs #1 a given degree af deforneallon whether this
dekwasation 6 produmi by prelimina" cold-warking or by
the Cutting action. Tito weak _1 dT-!Wiu Ltss
cowrolled 113 The sparisc work of cutting
in water W" 56 kg. M. 0% and 33 at 75% evId-week.
W"I *&W AdakW was about 4.4
and two J" wao "wentiallY Inde-
jwnsdent of tw amt. at it for cutting in NOR.
Tbe dweleace In belsaiiar bet"n cutting dry awl In OvOll
Is due to tin &%bw dderniation *1 The cW that occurs in
dry-cutting. Wlun IAwOH is used In cutting a ductile
metaJ. Prounably a m wMar sow of twittle material is
at the cutting edge, A. G.%ry

77~ A:Efwj
I ad 14139ftudIn-tl Mllaq of tho MID In Lhe rrv*
kim-, rwxj, & z4:z i ir, F.-Acarij. T)~. Piperimants r~n-
aw.ed of J"Lub I Al. Ft% Fo. Bit. Lnd Zn With high-wrNwi
_,4
_ ~f ~"' ,od 6X* Ln _1jer
_,ttprg ~_
tudy the efflu Har kem,~na . ni~thyl-, vtbyl
and hriptyi Alcr vi l1:-' L1.1 ..1 U~Vj
AM - 4 41 11 .1 1-1,. -
!u"a
iia-d ."I
1'h, vrion of -z,rWce a-ti-e ljfiwda is txr-rupliged
6y the'& C74pwta r tu Uwmfurm 4L very -MR me Of the Mew
tdpc~mt to tht cattir%7 edge of the tool Into a pecullube
brittle state, w sich kads to detachm.crit of the qtdp etl
em-ttle devt-_ of or thaL-eatfm cuttrwx We-
(3) -The -tbko& a-a-qtof
uti-modis. ti im P*t&ft Uw W6 ItIttaitting of t 14 chlp;~
it is '=rladed that tht *baala POXL of the %Tmk of wuhic
plastiIiateUlpla apended in Ptuti-a deformatialt Of I fie cuttLig
rnn~ Ulm tl%m*v ra of whkii it thee longifadfimf aetting 6f the
chiD. Ile relIttion 1~t-- Ill- -W!,ir -crlc " wflnjr tw
f-MUIA n. I r- wherp a .

The istised"eam of the arfim of UqWd ms"idk is Im
~Mvbg 4d maimble. It. A. Pleteneva and 6. 1. F44assov
(Acad. Sri. U.S.S.R.. 1friscow). "Wy Abird. Nesk
S.S 3 R. " 1061-3(1931).-The op. work of cutting, III I
A (i; Q./ml, was deld. for a series at mittalit, in shavitigat a I
cutting anglir Ot all" (M* with C). I* a d4vib to 0-21) mm. I
for At " Cu 0.16 Fir Ito Ni and stainless steel, IM10 foe I
flo. and OM iiti Ph. In i6 L~;ttlng (without liquiti). the
values, As, we; A) 60, Cu 90, Fe 271). Ni 110), Pb h.7. fln
11.3, isWulm steel Zito, he-Al-redstant alloy MKI. Vulurit of I
,be cido AsM In lklukl merild. In the pame tinier of the
ovirtist.. are., its jm)npnW hysirnmrimms, 1.4 -1.7. 1.7-2.0,
O.K14, 1.1. 1.4. 1.3, 0.84, 0.1113; In U0. I I. I -it. 2A. 20. 0 4
I.S. 1-1. 1J. 1.1; ba ItteOll, 3.A. 14, 1.7, 1.7, I.A. 1.4. 1
1. 1, 1.0; in Wolf, -1.5, 1.6, 1.9, 1.6. - 1.3 1 A) 1 1); 111 1
IluOll. 4.5. 1.8, 2.1, 1.4. IZ, 1.4, 1.2. im; 'in 61i"Off, i
3.10. I.9. 2.3, 1.4. -. 1.4. -, -; In AcOll. 2.0. I.A. 2.4.
- 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0; in BuCOJI, 3.1, 1.0, 2.4. 1.9, 1 .1.
:i. 111, R; ElfaCChIl. 4.41. 2.1.2.3, 1 T. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4.
11 .. 1: im okle selil. 4.11. 2.1, 2.2, 1.6. 1.3 i 8 15 1 1 - its
19tC01M. 34.1.7,2.8,1.7. t.2.1.3,
3.0. 1.7. 2,3, 14. 13, 1.3. 0.93. 1.0, In Cj1foCOEt, 5.3.
1.0. 2.2. 1.5, 1 .1. 1. 1. 1 .0. 1 .0; In AmCOjEt, 5.9. 1.9. 22.
1.4 .2, 1 J, 1.0. 1.0; In CCII, A.9, 2.11. 2111 2 A f) 7 it P7.
lJOIJI, Then dism show the stserMty of dif.
felt"i Uqukls on dife'ent Metals. and thq diversity 14 the
phiettomenis whkbobviously involve Immelaclors this" limple -
"Jar"tion, N. Tbnn

Y121FAtlivo G.
USSR/metals -4luminum, Nachining 11 Oct 51.
'fDecrease of the Zone of Plastic Deformation, Caused
by Removal of a Chip, Under the Action of Active
Liquid Media," G. 1. Yepifanov, L. A. Shreyner, Inst
of Phys Chem, Acad Sci USSR
"Dok Ak Wauk SSSR" Vol LM, No 5o pp 781, 782
Investigates effect of ethyl-laurate on extent of
plastic deformation zone in surface layer of alumi-
num during sbaping. Dry cutting produces 2 zones of
cold working, high and weak, total deformation zone
being 2j times cutting depth, while cutting in ethyl-
laurate givee; single zone of weak cold working equal
approximately to depth of cutting. Submitted.by Acad
P. A. Rebindor 16 Jun 51. 221T48

YEPIFANOV, 0. 1.
I]r"OV. (I. I.
ta L
metal cutting
%ttij g
Two theorisi2i on c
Two theories on cutting of metals. 2hur. tekh. fiz. 22, no. 3, 1952.
9. Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, 1953. Unclassified.

USSR/Chemistry - Metallurgy Lubricants 21 Sep 53
Metallurgy - Extrusion.
"The Effect of Lubricants on the Coefficient of
Friction during Extrusion of Metals," S.Ya. Veyler
and G.I. Yepifanov, Inst of Phys Chem Acad Sci USSR
DU SSSR, Vol 92, No 3, pp 593-595
Studied the effect of MeOH~ BuOH, and nonylic acid
on the coef of friction of steel, copper, and brass
during punch-press extrusion of these metals. Pound
that these lubricants effectively reduce the coal
of friction. This reduction is due to the planti-
cising action of the lubricant, i.e. the layer of
26ft4
metal closest to the punch is plasticized and hence
in .moie readily deformed. The eZZeet 'L;; ~dlst_I-t
from that of external lubrication. Presented by
Acad P.A. Rebinder 11 Jul 53.

YEPTFANOV, Coorgly Ivanovich.
Academic degree of Dcctor of Phymico-Mathematical Sciences, based
on his dcfenne, 10 June 1954, It the Council of the Trist of Fhyulcal
y, Acad Sci tSSR, of Iniz; diesertation entitled: "Fhysical
qbemistx-
Bases of the External. "4edium on the Processes of Deformation and
Destruction of Metals during Cutting.."
Academic degree and/or title: Doctor of Sciences
SO: Decisions of VAK, List no. 10, 30 Apr,55, By-ulleten' WIO SSSR,
I F-S/
No. 15, Aug 56, Moscow, pp. 5-24, Uncl. J? NY-537

T111
Techn. ftrsics,~
Card', 1/1
AuthOrs- A.:'and Ej~
-,I---Shreynor.-L 4fanov I-
Title Strengthening coefficJ1.1ent of metallic monocrystals
-~Perlodlcal Dokl. AN SSSR, 97, Ed, 11 1, �5 87, July 1954
-Abetr he strengthening coefficient" is explained.
ract g The phenomenon calledt"It
----The 7disolacement-of - oll.W-part -of-the -.crystal- -rol ative-tothoother _in
a narrow band orientoilin a-slidin-g-.vu-rfaco,-is apparently-tho re -sult--
of the non-homogeneous displacement of atoms which distort the crystal
lattice and hinder friDe displacement. The quantitative measure of
strengthening -is -exprassed -by -the tangent of the - sloping, angle of the
curve which expresoes.tho.relation between the shearing stress and the
the-spedtfic crystallographic displacement,-.Four USSR
f G h'----
orences, rap
Institution Acad.-of Sc. U.S.SR Institut,o,of Physical Chomistry
-7 PrOsented-by Academician, P. Av Ro'bindear., Harch 30 1954

ROT,
r
- ----------
MR/Chemistry Physical Chemistry
t
.-,Card 1/1
---Authors--- ._____!___Epifanov G.-I N.-A.,-aM-Rebinder-P.-A,, Academician
J-Pletenivap
Title About-the-machanism of "Oe' effect of active media.during cutting of metals.
,Periodical DokI. AN SSSR, 97, Ed. .2, 277 279, July 1954,
,-Abstract ---The- affect of- active malla, -is- analogous: to:.the -effect-of- additions intro------:
duced -into -ths--metal- fo:r -the purpose -,of -improving-its- workability- and---- -
include -a only a narrowAtone.of disintegration. The idea about the cutting
effect of active media iierves as an aid in explaining the large experimen-
tal material regarding 4~he effect of medla-on the deformation and disinte-
gration processes of mailals during the cutting. Cutting is the only process
which produces a clear inetal-surface free of any films or impuritibs.
Thirteen references'.
In3titution Acad..of Se. USSR# InnW.tute of Physical Chemistry
Stibmitted March 30, 1954

i M-. MWA i~rfil
AM
:USM/ Chemistry Physical cho mis t
ry
7
C&rd i/1
Pub 022 - 35/56

Authors_ s - -i----Academician
- Epifanov,. Gi -1 8; -_SO1osh~6V__F_~ _P i-p-and-Rebinde'ri Pi -A

Title_ New -method of-determitiing--the--alidine-friction-coefficient-ard-, its appli-w---_-:-_
cation to the study of the adsorption-lubrication effect.
Periodical I Dok. All SSSR 99/5 801-804) Dec.3.1,, 1951L
-Abstract__ J- --A-rww method - is-- pre senteA- f or-- th e--dete rminati on -of -the -slid ing-friction
-coefficient j __ _-The - -dis tinative -characteristic-- of- this - meth od -is Ahe - existen ce
of a nonstationary zone ~In which continuous conversion from rolling friction
through mixed friction ihto sliding friction takes place. Tho sltationarY
state of the system is the state of the, pure sliding triction at irhich tho
--system arrives- F_,radual1y_',,-throuji -as~mptatic-:apprcr/.Inl-tion--t ---This asymptotic-
arnrodmation .of thesyStem towaM_the stationary I Bt-ate, corresponding to
-the sliding friction prevents any rossibilit-,r for tho orie:ination of au"Vo-
vibration in the E7sten.;, Slwh a vjstomwill have only a p~.riodic vibraioions
s-r-hich.-vill, lead it_inIL,,o ii _AbLbla eouilibriuni-ctate. . Seven. referencon: 6- -
USSR and l-En!-
lish (1935!'-1954). G-.;a-phs; dra%,in!7.
,
Institution'. -AcadcrV of-Sciences USSR~O_ Institute -of PhY31
..cal
'Submitted ')eptcnb~3r 23, 1954,

, - (- I

~.UPTV. Xja"y Iv~a4ovich, doktor f iziko-matematicheakikh nauk;
tMALITSOV, f.IT.-.-g ~vnyj redaktor-, BRYANTSBVA, V.P.,inzheaer, redaktor
[Asymptotic method of studying gliding friction] Asimptotichaskit
metod izuchenila tranila skollzheniia. Tana 2, no. P-56-463.
Nookva,,Akad. nauk SSSR. 1956 9 p. (KWA 10: 5)
(Priotion)

TI
?TVs
ems Min
offiffier im their ell-em. dcjjjj! y
on the axtiv,
-15 uf tile ta tntemn-
'ErEtEthl!ti ~ ~f

J6

Category: USSR / Physical chemistry - Surface phenomena. Adsorption.
Chrcmatography. Ion exchange. B-13
Abs Jour: Referat Zhur-Mimiya, No 9, 1957, 30196
Author : Pleteneva N. A., Yepifanov G. I.
Inst : Academy of Scienc-e~SSR~'
Title : Effectiveness of the Action of Yedia in Cutting of Noble Metals
Orig Pub: Dokl. AN ISMOR, 1956, 110, 110 3, 414-416
Abstract: A study of the effectb of vater and organic liquids (hydrocarbons,
alcohols, acidz, esters, M11) cn the process of cutting Ag, Au and
Pt, The effectiveness of cutting action was evaluated on the basis
of the ratio CK of dry cutting action (A ) and cutting acticn in
the given medium (A). It i,~as found that with Ag ani Auc.,4 has a
relatively low value ~~- 1.2 - 1.6), vhich is practically the
same for all the liquids vhich were :nvestigated. In the case of
Pt-A ";f3 - 4. Effect of the length (n) of the hydrocarbon chains
of the molecules is practically nil on cutting of Ag and Au, while
with Pt the c< lecreases with increase of n in the alcohol series
Card 1/2 .12-

M
Category: USSR / Physical Chemistry - Surface phenomena. Adeorpticn.
Chrom,tography. Ion exchimge. B-13
Abe Jour: Referat Zhur-Mimiya, No S1, 1957, 30196
and eupecinlly In the acid. series; with equal n the effcct of acids
in more pronounced than ttat of alcohols.' on the other hand the
authors had showA previoualy (DOkl- AN OSSR 1951, 77, No 6), that
with more active metals (Al, M, Fe) the effect of acids and alco-
hols is practically the same, and that it is less pronounced than
with Ft. Hence, it follows that effectiveness of media, in cutting
of zetals, is not directly-ccrrelated with their chemical activity;
their slight effect in the-ca-ae of Ag and Au is due not to the cne-
mical inertness of the metal.,.,,but to mechanical properties which
are unfavorable to manifest4tion of the action of the medium. In
particular, there are invoLVed in these instances the extent of
shrinkage of the chips a~d ene degree of adcorptive plasticizing
of the surface layers of the-metal.
Card 2/2 -13-

YrArl~41VOi~ G-l-, 137-58-5-10611
Translation f rom: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 5. p 250 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Rebinder, P,A., Yepifanov, G..
" - i_~~
TITLE: Effect of a Surfac e -tension Reducing Medium on Boundary Fric-
tion and Wear (Vliyaniyc poverkhnostnoaktivnoy sredy na gran-
ichnoye treniye i iznos)
PERIODICAL: V sb.; Razvitiye teorii treniya i iznashivaniya. Moscow,
AN SSSR, 1957, pp 47-56
ABSTRACT: A literature survey is presented along with results obtained
in the authors' euperiments in investigating the effect of a sur-
face-tension reducing medium on boundary friction (F) and wear.
The experiments are founded on a method involving immersion
of surfaces of F in excess lubricant (L), the latter being fluids
ranging in polarity from water to non-polar hydrocarbon oils or
a solution of a surface-tension reducing substance in a non-polar
solvent. A schematic diagram of a new instrument for investiga-
tion of the physical chemical regularities of F and wear is pre-
sented. This instrument was used to study the effect of solutions
of surface-tension reducing substances on the coefficient of F in
Ca rd 1 2 boundary lubricalJon. It is established that in a pure benzene

Effect of a Surface-tension (cant.
medium the coefficient of F is not constant, but upon attaining a maximum
value of rJO.7, corresponding to dry F, drops sharply to 0.3-0.4 and then again
rises to 0.7, and so forth. The hypothesis is advanced that these fluctuations
occurring at approximately equal time intervals, are due to in(initesmal con-
ta-mination by surface-tension reducing substances not discoverable by ordi-
nary methods. When surface-tension reducing substances are introduced into
benzene in gradually increasing concentrations, the magnitude of the jumps
dithinishes, finally disappearing, and the coefficient of F takes on a com-
pletely stable value equal to rb,O.l in the case of the most powerful surface-
tension reducing additives. It Ls shown that the action of lubrication under
conditions of boundary F in the! case of an arbitrarily established layer of L
is purely ad5orptive in nature. The adsorptive reaction, which may be pro-
moted by the purely chemical bond between polar groups and atoms of metal,
determines the strength of the bond of the lubricant layer and the surfaces of
the metal. The phenomenon of adsorptive facilitation of the deformation and
failure of solids is examined as it affects the process of adsorption fatigue
and fatigue wear of microscopic asperities on the surface of mating contacts
as is the effect of active media on the process of the cutting of metals. Bib-
liography: 24 references.
L.G.
Ca rd 2/2 1.,Friction--Theory

YEFIFAI "OV C; - L
"The Binomial Law of Friction" P. 60-69, in book Research in the Physics of
Solids, Moaccnr, Izd-vo AN SSSRI 1957. 277 p. Ed. Bollshanina, M. A. Tomsk
Universitet, Siberskiy fiziko-tekhnicheakiy institut.
Personalities, Deryagin, B. V.; Kragellskiy, 1. V., and Minayev, N. 1.
Materils tested: electrolytic copper, high purity alurainum. Armco iron, brass,
steel EI -417, and alloy EI -437. rhere are 7 figures, 3 tables, and k 5 references,
3 of which are Soviet.
This collection of articles is maeant for metallurgical physicists and for
engineers of the metal-working indu3try. This book contains results of
research in the field of failure and plastic deformation of materials, mainly
Of metals, Problems of cutting, abrasion, friction, and wear of solid materials.
(metals) are discussed.

TEPIFANDV. G.I.
Avt,i4w~--
,,.-~Imtoticylme't or the study of sliding friction# Trudy Inst.
!~V~ ?~
fizAhim. no.6:174-180 157. (MBA 1l.-10)
(Friction-Measuraments)

AUZHOR YEPIFANOV G.I. PA - 3o46
TITLE --M-the- Depien-dedifc-e of CoMitional Cutting Stress on the Supply
of Material.
(0 zavisimosti. uslorvnogo napryazheniya rezaniya ot podchi -Russian)
NANDICAL Dekladjr Akademii Nauk S3112t, 1957, Vol 323, Nr 4, PP 799-802 (U.S.S.R.)
Received 6/1957 Reviewed 7/1957
ABSTRACT First, the opinions expressed by other author in connection with this
problem are discussed. The author believes that what has been said by ~.M.
ROZENBERG in "The Dynamics of Milling" (1945) is, on the whole, correct,
but does not serve as a sufficient basis from which to obtain a quantitati-
ve expression for the depindence of the conditional cutting stress on the
thickness of the cut. ROUNBERG explains the lack of direct proportionality
between the cutting force and the thickness of the out by an inhomogeneous
distribution of the deformation over the cross section of the cutting.kc-
cording to the author's cpinion it is necessary to proceed from the point of
of view of the scale factor w1wn explaining this dependence.
An samples grow smaller, their properties with regard to strength are known
to increase, particularly-within the range of small dimensions. It is note-
worthy that the modification of these properties (in dependence of the size
of the eamp1p)-is expressed by the same formula as also the dependence of
the conditi6na cutting -stress depends onthe thickness of t he cut JT -;'O+(c/a).
HereTdenotes the strength characteristic of the material, a -the lincar di-
Card 1/2 mension (diameter of the sample to be torn, length of the diagonal of the

AMOCIATION
FRESENTO Br
MET=
AVAILABLx,
Card 2/2
on the Dependence of Condf FA
itional Cutting Stress on the - 3o46'
Supply of Material.
pyramid impression when dotermining the strength etc.). To and c are con-
stants. Cutting is a local. destruction of metal within a narrow zone with
following displacement of individual 'elements of.the cutting. The details
of this process of destruction are discussed in short. A conditional in-
crease of sheAring strength due to a scale factor must increase cutting
stre8s. The following formula is obtained for the principal component:
FZ 0 , + k b. Here a detnotes the thickness of the cut, b -the width of
the ca'ki ;n; kx are coefficients which depend on cutting conditions. In
conclusion some information is given concerning the cutting of brittle ma-
terial.
(with 2 illustrations)
Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Science of the UsbR
REBRMER, P.A., Member of the Academy
2o.6.1956
Library.of Congress

AUTHOR: Yepifanov, G, 1. 20-3-14-4-24/63
TITLE: Friction as Resistance to Shear of Thin Surface Layers of
Solids (Treniye kak soprotivleniye advigu tonkikh po7erkhnost-
nykh sloyev tverdykh tel)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademil. Nauk SSSR, 1957P Vol. 114P Mr 4,
Pp. 764-767 (USIM)
ABSTRACT: First the present stage of the problem is shortly described
and reference is made to some relevant preliminary works.
In the first toot series the relation between the friction
layer and the adhesion of the slicte-blook to the surface of
the sample was investigated. Adhesion was determined as
follows: A lubricant was inserted under the slide-block which
came to.s, otandstill but which was not unloaded. The stress
was then determined, which is necessary for moving the slide-
-mblook in a direotion opposite to that of the initial motion.
When the slide-b"' oak was slowly pushed aside the tangential
force increased up to a certain maximum value and then it
sharply decreased. to a value which corresponds to the
frictional force in the given lubricant. This sudden change
Card 1/3 was usually accompanied by a characteristic sound. The author

Friction as Resistance to Shear of Thin Surface Layers of 20. 114-4-24/63
Solids
here equates the eAhesive power with the difference between
the maximum deflaction of the dynamometer and the frictional
force when a lubricant is present. The results thus obtained
are compiled in a table, according to which the adhesive
force does not amount to more than 15~ of the dry friction.
Therefore the resistance caused by adhe ion bridges (in
contrast to the opinions of various ooi:ntiato) probably
constitutes only a small portion of the frictional force. The
surface Eb on which the metal practically shifts during
friction is considarably larger than the total surface of
the,crons section of the bridges of molecular intermeshing.
For the purpose of estimating So the author investigated the
surface of a sample under the slide-block and then metallo-
graphically determins& the plastic deformation caused by the
motion of the slide-blook under the surface of the sample.
If the amount of the area of displacement is correctly
estimated the frictional force practically agrees with the
shearing resistance of the surface layer of the metal.
There are 2 figures, 2 tables, an& 9 references, 7 of which
Card 2/3 are Soviet.

Friction as Resistance to ftear of Thin Surface Layers of 20-114-4-24/63
Solids
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizichotikoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR. (Institute
of Physical Chewlstry of the AS USSR)
PRESENTED; December 11, 1956# by P. A. Rebinder, Member, Academy of
Soiencent USSR
SUBMITTED: December Ill 1956
Card 3/3

BARTIMY, G.K.;_jRjfAML-JL-L~
Nature of external friotion of metallic surfaces [with sun-
mary In Ingliabl. Insh.-fissibur, nool2sl8-24 1 58.
(MIRA IWO
1, Pedagogichankly Insif;itut Iment Potemkina, Techernly maebino-
stroltel'M Inatitutg. Moskva*
( Action)

AUTHOR: Yepifanov, G. 1. 20-118 6-17/43
TITLE: An Experimental Check of the Two-Term Friction Law
(Eksperimentalina,ya proverka dvukhohlennogo zakona treniya)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSRp 1958t Vol- 118p Nr 6,
PP- 1113-1115 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The present paper checks experimentally the two-term friction
law
F - S 3' + kd So a S _T + kN.
0 0 n 0
The term S X of titis formula describes the dependence of the
a 0
frictional force ort the plane of displacement and the term kN
takes into account the r8le of the normal forces (among them
also of the adhesion forces) on the deVelopment of the
frictional force. 'The author atudiao here the relative r8le
of these two terms. The first sarioa of exparlments
investigates the dupendence of the amount of the plane of
displacement, of the frictional force, and of the coefficient
of friction on the standard load by means of a device which
Card 1/3 is similar to the device descrilyod in a previous paper by

i
kn Experimental Check of the Two-rerm Friction Law 20-118-6-17/43
the author (ref 1). The first diagram shows such a dependence
for the friction couple: spheric ball of hardened high-speed
steel-fresh-cut aluminum surface. With increasing normal
load N the displacement surface gradually increases in the
case of friction more slowly, however, than N. In complete
agreement with the increase of the displacement surface also
the frictional force P increases. The coefficient of frictionp
decreases gradually with increasing normal load. This is
explained by the absence of a direct proportionality between
the displacement surface and the normal load. In the second
series of experiments the dependence of the frictional force
on the normal preetsure was investigated under following
conditions: The true contact surface could develop only up to
a certain strictly fixed value, and remained constant after
having reached this value in spite of further inoroase of
normal pressure on the contact. The special method worked out
by the author for such investigations is based upon the
application of a ohisel in the case of which amount of the
contact surface of the front edge is strictly limited. 1 further
Card 2/3 diagram illustratos the dependence of the frictional force

An Experimental Check of the Two-Term Friction Law 20-1.18-6-17/43
ASSOCIATION:
PRESENTED:
SUBMITTED:
Card 3/3
on the normal load for the friction couple high-speed steel -
fresh-cut aluminum surface. The first and also the second
series of experiments lead to the same final conclusions
concerning the r8le of the separate terms of the two-term
friction law; The Srictional force is determined chiefly by
the term that'depends on-the total displacement surface
deireloping in the friction. The r8le of the term which does
not depend on the amount of the displacement surface and
which describes thia dependence of the frictional force on the
normal pressure is not so important in contrast to the
opinion of several researchers.
There are 3 figure,s and 5 references, 4 of which are Soviet
Inatitut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute,of Physical Chemistry )AS USSR)
April 17 1957, by P. A. Rebinder, Member of the Academy of
Sciences USSR
April 9, 1957

180) SOV/20-12J-4-24/5..~
AUTHORS: Yepifanov, G. I., C.la,-olev, 11. 1., Pebinder, P. A., Acadeniciar,
TITLE: The Influence of Surface-.'.Ctive Media on the Surface-Hardening
.of Metals (Vliyaniy(i poverkhnostno-aktivnykh sred na pover-
knostnyy naklep metallov)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nalik SSSRp 1958, Vol.1231 Nr 4P pp 663--666
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Whon invoijtiga ting the hardening of motaln it is necossary to
diatingAtioh bot,"non true at0 affoativo htirdoitinr. The
true hurdanint-, of tho slipping ourfaaaa notina incroana of
the shearing strene:th alonp a givan surface with groving ab-
solute shearing. The effective strengthening of a ainele
grain as a single crystal characterizes the increase of the
,resistance of the natal to plastic deformation with increas-
ing deformation and is expressed by the effective hardening
coefficient X - dr/da, where a lenotes the specific crys-
tallographic dinplacement in the grain. For the true harden-
ing coefiicient 1. it holds that k - d-r/dn, where T denotes
extreme tangential tenoion and s - the absolute shear.
'Card 1/4 Between k and h the connection X - hk holds , where h denotes

SOV/20-123-4-24/53
The Tnfluence of Surface-Active Hedia on the Surfaco-Hardening of Metals
the average density of the olipping layers. The offontive
coefficient of hard,3nina thus depends not only on the true
strengthening capacity of the slipping wirfacesbut also on
the degree of dispe:rsion of the crystal during deformation.
Tho prooont paper donoribou the results obtained by the com-
plox invaitiration of the kinotion of tho forr.-iation of tho
hardened layer in the surface hardening of tochnionlly pure
iron in air and in some active media. In this connection,
the influence exercised by some given effects produced by the
hardening instrument (small roll) iipon the riicrohardnesi of
the sample surface, the frictional force, the structure of
the hardened surface of the samplQf the specific work of
hardening, and the temperature at the place of contact bet-seen
roll and sample, are investigated. These investigations were
carried out by the method developed by T. Yu. Lyubimova (Ref 3)
in an improved forn. .', diaeram shows, by way of an examtple,
the results obtainod by experiments carried out in air and
in a 0.2% solution of stearic acid in Decalin, The micro-
hardness H. increat3es with an increase of the number of
Card 2/4 hardening actions: this increase iE3 irret-,ular and passed-

SOV/2o-123-4-24/53
The Influence of Surface-Active Media on the Surface-Hardening of Metals
through neveral maxima. A vary charactorintic quantity is
the differential work of the plastic preacinp-in of a hole
(a -- dA/dV). Thin qu"ntity conveys an idea of the degree of
resiAance offered by the sample to groving plastic deforma-
tion. Surface-active media exercise a dual influence upon
the process of metal surface hardening: An a recult of the
reduction of strength due to adsorption, they fucilitate
the developvent of plastic deformation during the first
stages of hardening and they cauoe an intense strengthening
of the surface layer during the following stages of hardening.
The strengtheninG and plasticizing effect produced by surface-
actice media is able to influence the process of metal cold-
working considerably. In the cutting of metals the strengthen-
ing and plasticizing effects of these metals usually lead to
to the same reEult, viz. to a reduction of the degree of
volume-deformalion of the cuttinj;e and of the surface layer
of the workpiece. There are 3 firurea and 8 Soviet refer-
onces.
Card 3 /4

S/68 61/000/000/001/012
D207%303
AUTHOR: epifanovy Go I.
TITLE: Effect of adhesion on the process of external friction
of clean surfacet)
SOURCE: Soveshchaniye po voprosam teorii sukhogo treniya i obra-
zovaniya chastito iznosa pri sukhom trenii. Riga, 1959,
21-27
TEXT: The author reports an investigation of dry friction on
freBhly-cut and, therefore, clean surfaces of tin and lead. A sli-
der, loaded with'25 kg on tin and with 12.5 kg on lead, was moved
along a plane surface of t1a or lead. The slider was a rod with a
hemispherical end of 18 mm radius; it was made of one of the fol-
lowing materials: Copper, brasst commercial iron, a magnesium al-
loy, coconut shellt'and ivory. The slider was washed in benzene be-
fore tests. Tangential friction forces were measured with a dynamo-
meter and adhesion was determined by finding a vertical force nec-
essary to separate the slider from the tin or the lead surface.
Card 1/3

S/686/61/000/000/001/012
Effect of adhesion ... D207/D303
Adhesion forces were nearly equal to friction forces in the case of
iron, brass and copper sliders, but they were weak in the case of
coconut shell, ivory and the Mg alloy. In all cases the friction
force per unit actual contact area was approximately equal to the
shear strength of tin or lead. These facts indicated that friction
was primarily due to surface roughness (slip in the top layers of
lead or tin, scratching of lead or tin by the harder sliders,
shear of microscopic projections) rather than to adhesion (stick-
ing together of smooth surfaces). This conclusion was confirmed by
further experiments on friction during planing of lead and tin by
cutters made of the same materials as the sliders, and by experi-
ments on sliding a metal rod with a hemispherical end on aluminum.
The following equation is proposed for the friction force: P =
= SVO + M, where S is the total actual contact area,*Vo is the
shear strength at zero normal stress, k is a coefficient which
gives the dependence of the tangential on the normal BlreBuea) and
N is the normal load. There are 5 figures, 1 table and 5 referen-
cea: 4 Soviet-bloc and 1 non-Soviet-bloc. The reference to the
Oard 2/3

S/686/61/000/000/001/012
Effect of adhesion ... D207/D303
English-language publication reads as follows: P. Bowden and D. Ta-
bor, The friction and lubrication of solids, Oxford, 1950.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii AN SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemiatry) AS USSR)
Card 3/3

S/686,/61/000/000/002/012
D207/D303
AUTHOR: Yepifanovq Go I*
TITLE: Dependence of the force of friction on the normal load
(the fundamental law of friction)
SOURCE: Soveshchaniye po voprosam teorii sukhogo treniya i obra-
zovaniya chstitB iznosa pri sukhom trenii. Riga, 1959,
29-40
TEXT: The author reports experimental work intended to establish
the fundamental law of dry sliding friction. In one series of ex-
periments a hardened steel slider with a hemispherical end of 6 mm
radius was loaded with 5 - 100 kg and was moved across clean alumi-
num and copper surfaces. This slider was cleaned before tests with
a fine abrasive and washed in.pure benzene. Friction forces and
contact areas were measured with a dynamometer and a microscope
respectively. In another series of experiments lead, tin, aluminum,
copperl brass, iron and zinc were cut with a hardened high-speed
tool in such a way that the friction between the cutter and the
Card 1/3

Dependence of the force ...
S/686/61/000/000/002/012
D207/D303
shavings occurred over an area which was constant under varying
loads. It was found that external friction of metals sliding over
clean metal surfaces involves plastic slip in surface layers of -Vhe
mechanically weaker member of the friction pair. The friction for--,--
F obeyed the equation F = SVO + kN, where S is the area over which
plastic slip occursq T'O, is the shear strength of the weaker mets.7
at zero normal loado k is the ratio of the shear strength to the
tensile strength of the weaker metal, and N is the normal load. The
value of S was found to be the dominant parameter, while N affected
friction only insofar as it altered the area S. When S was constant
(the second series of experiments, with cutters)9 the friction
force F was independent of N. These results contradict the equation
proposed by B. V. Deryagin (Ref. 7: ZhFKht V. 59 8t 9, 1934: Sbor-
nik: Treniye i iznos v mashinakh (Friction and Wear in Machines),3,
Izd. AN SSSR9 1949): F '~=jj(N + a03 a) where/a is the true coefficient
of friction, N is the normal load, 5 a is the area over which ad-
Card 2/3

B16861611000100010021012
Dependence of the force ... D207/D303
hesion occurs, and ao is,the "specific adhesion". There are 8 fi.-
gures, 2 tables and 7 references: 6 Soviet-bloc and 1 non-Soviet-
bloc. The reference to the English-language publication readu as
follows: P. Bridgman, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts. Sci., 71, no. 9, 1937.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii AN SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry AS USSR)
Card 3/3

24(6) SOV/139-59--i-6/31+
and Minayev, N. I.
AUTHORS: ,YepAMq
TITLE: Investigation of the Dependence of the Friction Force
on the Real Area of Friction and the Normal Load
(Issledovaniye zaviBimosti sily treniya ot istinnoy
ploshchadi treniya i normallnoy nagruzki)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Fizika,
1959, Nr 1, pp 35-43 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A great d"r a w b, ac k of most of the work devoted to
experimental study of the process of external friction
lies in the fact that the experiments were carried out
without knowing the magnitude of the real friction area
which really -does participate in the friction process.
The friction theories prevailing at present are based
on the incorrect concept that the real area of friction
is the area of contact of the rubbing pairs. This
complicates understanding the process of external
friction and also complicates the physical interpretation
of experimentally established facts. This relates
particularly to the dependence of the coefficient of
Card 1/6 external friction on the normal load. In earlier work
one of the authors of this paper (Refs 8-10) applied

SOV/139-59-1-6/31+
Investigation of the Depondence of the Friction Force on the Real
Area of Friction and the Formal load
the concept of V. D. Kuznetsov (Ref 1) and of Bowden and
Tabor (Ref 12) on the physical nature of the process of
external friction and attempted to justify the point of
view that this process consists basically of plastic
shear which proceeds inside relative~r thin surface layers
of the rubbing pairs. As a result of this, the real
friction area Is that along which the process of shear
takes place dixring friction. This point of view follows
directly from analysis of the basic types of interaction
of solid surfa.-.es which bring about external friction
(Refs 8,9), To verify experimentally this concept, the
friction was studied of a semi-spherical slide block made
of hardened steel along freshly out surfaces of the
following metals: tin,, lead, aluminium, copper, zinc,
bronze, steels 45 arid U12, Iron, alloys E1437, VT2 etc.
It was found that displacement of the slide block along
a freshly cut surface of the specimen brings about the
Card 2/6 formation of a "stagnant" zone (build-up) and that the
displacement of the slide is not effected by external

SOV/139-59-1-6/31+
Investigation of the Depondence of the Friction Force on the
Real Area of Friction and the Normal Load
sliding along the surface of the specimen but by
shifting (sheal-) along the internal boundary of this
zone. Thus, ixt the case of pure metallic rubbing pairs,
the friction does not consist in cutting off the
molecular brideps occurring at the points of physical
contact5 as waE suggested by Bowden, but by shear along
the internal surface of the "stagnant" zone. On
increasing the normal load N there will be an increase
in the real area of friction 8 and of the friction
force. Thereby I, with increasing N the specific
friction force f will remain practically unchanged and
will equal approximately the shear strength of the
material of the specimen (Ref 10); this indicates that
the friction force is determined de facto by the friction
surface and is almost independent of the normal pressure.
Since this latte~r conclusion is considered of great
importance, the authors studied the behaviour of the
friction force under conditions such that the friction
Card 3/6 area remained practically unchanged in spite of the
continuous incroase in the normal load. These experiments

SOV/139-59-1-6/34
Investigation of the Dependence of the Friction Force on the
Real Area of Friction and. the Normal Load
were carried otit by means of a cutting tool with a
limited fricticn area. In the experiments chips of a
pre-determined thickness between 0.02 and 1.0-3.0 mm
were planed off' by means of a specially built cutting
tool, a sketch of which is shown in Fig 3, p 38. This
tool consisted of a high speed steel wedge with an
an&le of 300 at the apex and a facet with an angle of
25u, whereby the width of the facet varied between 0.2
and 1.0 mm. In Fig 5 the dependences are graphed of
the horizontal and the vertical components of the planing
force of brass as a function of the depth of out.
Fig 6 shows a typical curve of the dependence of the
friction force on the normal force applied during planing
of aluminium by means of the special cutting tool used
in the experiments which had a limited area of friction.
In Fig 7 the depenhence is graphed of the friction force
on the normal force for iron, copper,, brass, aluminium,
Card 4/6 lead and tin. It can be seen from the graphs, Fig 77
that qualitatively the picture is the same for all metals.