SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT YERUKHIMOVA, M.L. - YERUSALIMCHIK, I.G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001962910017-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 15, 2001
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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4215 7
S/203/62/002/001/005/019
1023/1223
AUTHORS: ArtemlyevA,G.M., Belikovich,V.V., Benadiktov,Ye.A.,
Yerukhimov,Z.M. and Korobkov,Yu.S.
TITLE: Measurements of cosmic radloemIssion absorption
during the solnr eclipse on February 15, 1961
PERIODICAL: Geomagnatizm i Aeronomiya, v~2, noel, 1962, 58-60
TEXT: During the solnr eclipse of February 15, 1961 observations
of the cosmic radloemis3lon were made in Yevpatori-ya at the
following frequencies: 25, 18.6 and 13 Mes, and in Gorlkiy at
25 and 13 lots. Such measurements were omitted during previous
eclip3es, The purpose of the present measurements is to discover
any decrease in the absorption of cosmic radioemission caused by
the solAr eclipse and to differentiate between the absorption of
~different layers, The apparatua used in bq.th,, Isees loins identicale
The receiving antennas consisted of six waVT,~t),1-0,-tarao The
maximum pointed to thei'zonith, and the vildth
at half power vias 300. The ineasuroments were conductod for 10-12
Card 1/3

S/203/62/002/001/005/019
1023/1223
Measurements of cosmic rsdioemissiono..
days9 before and after the eclipse. Data from the five days, on
which foF2 was not much different from Its value on the eclipse
day, were used for f-rther analysis. The variations of the
absorption during the eclipse are presented graphically. in
Gorfkiy at 25,14cs no effect Yaa observed vAthin experinental errors,
The maximum decrease of the absorption is shifted several minutes
with respect to the maximum of the eclipse. The lag is near to
the value of relaxation time in the D-layer. in Yevpatori7a a
second, smaller rmxlzrium, lagging by approximately 30 inin, was
observed. This maxi-mum in probably connected with changes in the
absorption in the F-layer, where the relaxation time Is much
longer than in the D-layer. The ratio of the maximum changes of
the absorption in Gor'kiy and In Evpatorlya is approximately equal
to the ratio of the ""olar zenith angles cosines. The main reason
for the changes In the atsorption are changes In the electron
density in the D-layer, There are 2 figures and 1 table.
Card 2/3

S/203/62/002"001/00.5/019
1023/1223
Measurements of cosmic radioemissione.,.
Ac'SOCIATION: Gorlkovskiy gosudarstvann
universitot,
Radiofizicheskiy InstitutyTGorlkly State
University, Rndiophynical Institute)
SUBILUTTED: OctobeP 25, 1961
Card 3/3
, T~ll
I Mi T, 11 [71 1 fl" I I M, Olt I IIli -471 IFIF! llff I I

L 35816-66 ExP (k)/ag W/T/E ~JP (v) /E7dP (t) /_M IJP(c) -MADI
ACC NRs
"6015245
SOURCE CODM ult/0125/661000/005/0031/0034,
AUTHOR: Germagg S. I.; Yerukh1movich, A. A.
43
ORG: Kharlkov Turbine Plant im. S. M. Kirov (Kharlkovskiy turbinnyy zavod)
TITLE: Heat resistance of the welde"oints of high-temperature peaTlitic alloys
1%
SOURCS: Avtocatichaskaya ovarks, u** 5j 19660 31-34
TOPIC TAGS: high temperature steel, pe&rlitic steel, beat resistance, weld evaluation,
alloy composition/2OKhH-L steel, 20DW-L steel., 15KhlAllF-L steel, l5Xh2MF2FBS-L (P-3)
steel, 15Ku4FKR-L (P-i) steel
ABSTRACT: On the basis of the newly introduced concept of the coefficient Xw of the
heat resistance of welded joints, expressing the ratio between the stress-rupture
strengths of the welded joint and the base metal and characterizing the degree of
softening of the welded metal under conditions of prolonged operation at high tempera-
tures, it is shown that the stress-rupture strength of pearlitic high-temperature
steels designed for prolonged operation at temperatures of up to 600*C is a function
of their che*~ai composition. *hese steels may be divided into three groups accordinj
to their Kw: ~~IOKW-L Cr-Mo steeY 1.0), for which the strength of the base metal
and the weld metal is the same; 4,1501MIF-L and 15MMMS-L (P-3) Cr-Ko-V-
If

m
116411JHIMI~ i N ik.1110.114 W
L 35816-66
ACC NRs ~ AP6015245
Nb steel. (Kw - 0.8-0.9); and 15KhMFKEt-L (P-1) Cr-Ho--V-Co-B steel od 0.6). The
lower stress-rupture strength of the welded-Toints in the 2nd and 5 groups may be
explained as follows: their fracture in the near-weld zone is due to the decrease In
plasticity owing to prolonged hLgh-tempersture loading; thust the Kw of welded joints
also depends on the long-time plasticity of welded Joints. in addition to its depen-
dence on chemical composition of the steel. It is shown that the ~tress-ruptura
strength of the welded joints of pearlitic high-tempirature yteel~'bay be related to
their hardenability, I.e. to the depth of penetration of martensitic or troosto-
martensitic structure during the quenching of steel. The -relative effect of the
chemical composition (alloy elements) on hardenability of a steel may be evaluated
according to the change in the stability of the supercooled austenite in the pearlitic
and intermediate regions: the greatest effect on hairdeuability is exerted by B, -
followed by Cr, No and other alloy el ats. Thus, 1~, also depends on the hardenabil-
ity of steels: it decreases with increasing hardenability, as illustrated by FIg.-l
and the following formula, where hardenabLlIty of ISILhl4FKR steel is expressed-by Its
carbon equivalent (in %):
Cequiv " C + MA + cc + N' + + No-
Y
2/3

TERUKWOVid A. M-.-
MR/Yadicine - Taborculosis, Epidemiology, -Tul/Aug 47
Nedicine, - Tuberculosis, Statistics
-df S. Ginzbtzrg, A. M. EnOdmorvich,
0*44rAd.68- -Field Work at Villagest &
UkrZ~d~ Tuberculosis InstAtute (Directors 'Prof B. M. XhMel1nitskiy)# Ukrainian
Roefitgen Institute (Director: Ye. A. Bazlov); l* pp
"Problemy Tuberkuleza" No 4
An aow=t of a field tr:bp to the kolkhoz KraswWa AgrDnomiya which is located close
to Krasnopavlovka Tzzovskiy region of Kharkov Oblwto There hms been a lotge patient
for this kolkhoz and in 1~6 there was an expedition to thia area to determ"ne the
status of tuberculosis. he article is a o=p13A#,on of the data which was collected.
PA 34T53

I I I I, I "Ila HII I I Will I I ill muff-, Hii-A M
.. .........
YMUMMVIGH, A. M. mom
29298. Rolt i znacheniye rentgenologicheskogo IssledovwAya v diagnobtike
khronicheskogo appenditbita, Voprosy onkologii i rentgenologii, No 1-2,
1948. s. 252-63
SO: Izvestiya Ak. Nauk Latviyskoy No. 9, Septa, 1955
~d
- ril
k R--

IF1
rrT7fTrTn
rARUKUKOTIM, A.M.
Roentgenologic-data on the Ileo-cecal region in cbr*nlc qqiendieltin.
Ter. arkh. 23 no.1:71-79 Jazt-Feb 51. (CLWL 20:8)
1. Candidate Yadical Scienceise 2. Of the Ukrainian Roentgen-Radiolo-
gical m~d Oncological Institute.

Ji A
17MMIMOVICH, A.H., kandidat meditainskikh nauk.
RoentgenodiagnosiR of cancer of the duodenal trulb. Vest.rent.l rad. no.
2:67-69 Mr-Ap '53. (Ml-RA 6:6)
(Duodenum--Cancer) (Diagnosis, Radloscopic)

YERUERIMOVICH, A.H., dotsent (Khartkov, Puahkinakaya, 82)
Cousidorations on chronic appendicitis. Test. khir. 74 no.5:53-57
Jl-M 154. OaRA 7:10)
(APPANDICITIS,
chronio)

FM
USSR/General Proble-ma of -Latholo,.~7 - TtL.11)ro. Tlmiors of Win. U.
Abs Jour ,Qf I-,ur - Biol.) IL, 21, 195,", c,18275
Author Yo ld.~ir~~~
Inst
Title A Case af Gicat Call Tw-io:.- (Octaoclastolblastwn) ,-' t-7-,C;
Too ~
Ori[, -Pub 11ovyy !dArurr,. 1957, ;13 6) 73-74.
Pibstract In a 33-year-old paticat imu su-I'fered from andartcrj-t,-w~'3
oblitcrans) there ucrc iains -i;l the ri[~ht finGer of t%,j
lo.-L"u, -Zoot. The thirO. of the toe vas iiicvcza~;&
in 9:bzc, hypererde, teaCor palpation.
r~ically, an absence of -.).jac st::ucturo was notc,' ill the
Ciscased. reGion. By )f
,Liialanx., a twior imu Jiscovered whic!-, cons-J-,t"o('
rem,jvce. -
of small. cells of oatooclastic and ostcoblastic
c:iaract-cristic for tuiaors.
/Ve jz
Ic
CarO. 1/1
. I I Iiii "1'V11111,11, I i
Ill; MIT '11,1011
~

. - I , , , ~~ w ; - I] 'I ' ~~ I 1I I, - I I! It 1111 I~ it Fit; A I it F If I i Hit III RMI
!!NIA!. 1 Rd k!
H W.. tIL At
MUMKOVIGH, A.M., kandidat meditsinskikh nauk
Interrelation between peetic ulcer and chronic appeadiaLtis fron s
radiological viewpointe .ovemdo 21 aool:96-100 J& 157. (XW 10:6)
1. Is Kharikovskoy oblastnoy bolinsologidheskoy lechabnitsy (dir,
P.L.Shpak).
(PMIC UIM, etiol, and pathogen,
appendicitis, x-ray diag.)
(APPRO 'ICITIS. compl.
peptic ulcer, x-ray ding.)
..........
lkli: Hid 11! 1
ON 1111111i

MUKRIMOVICH. A*K. (Darskov, PusW.InsImyu ul.. d. 62, kv. 6)
Dynamics of development and malIgnant dageneration, of ascohmeal
polypt. Vop. onk. 5 no.1:106-111 159. ONIRA 22:3 )
1. Iz oblastnoy klinicheskoy leababnitsy (dir. - kand. mad. nank
P. L. Sbnak) Miarikovskogo oblzdravotdela.
(POLYPI, case reports,
esophagus, malignant degen. (Run))
OMOPHAGUS. neoplasms,
polyp, malignant degen. (fts))

73RL711MOVICH, A..~[.V_Aqtpent Obarlkav).
Chronic appendicitis in children wA x-ray diagnosis. Fediaturiia
37 no.6:74-77 Je 159. (KMA 12: 9)
(APP M ICITIS, in inf. & child,
x-ray diag. (Rua))

v ; :
I.. i q L - .I -
I -st - f,,-
, ~ - ~ --,. - %~. -- 14;1*,- -1 - r - :- a y , , j-, f -.3, 1 c;v , -, g a p 1; e n , i ~~: * o v, .V, - rc -
.1 - - .: - - ~- 1. -R
. ~) I 1 -1 ., -1 (1'l; A. 1?;rl,
i :(,,A. 38 .

YUM114DVICH. L.R.
Increasing the wear rosistanco of Blush ymV cylindrical bush-
ings. Azerb.noft.khois. 37 no.6:41-45 Jo 159.
(MM 13:4)
(oil well pumps)

LITVIN(3vv V.M.; YERUKHIWIICHP L,R.j NIKOLAYET, Kl.
- -
BenA for testing the parts of drMing pumpa. Mauh. L neft, obor.
no.8t2l,23 164. MRA 1711l)
1. Grozmenskiy nef tyanoy nauabno-iseledovatel I alciy institut,

PMGOMVA.. A.I.,-'YFRUMiIMOVICH.,X.B., inzh.; NOVOMILOVA, L.I., insh.
Experience of a factory laboratory. Tekst*Mom. 23 no.1:74
ja 63. (MM lpt2)
1, Vachallnik nauchno-isaledovatel'okoy laboratorii Vitebokoy
chulochno-trikotwJw,by fabrW ipani Xc=uniatjoheskogo
internatsionala moladezhi, (for Fpdgorzxjvm). 2, Nauchno-
isoledovatellokaya jaboratooriya, Vitebolcoy chulachno-
trikotazbnoy- fohriki-.-immd.lkdpmi-stitheakogo Internat-sionala
molodezhi (f4lerukhimoviah, ko4ozhilov&
(Dyes and &ping-Kuit gocds~-
(Ultrasonic waves.-Induptrial ap, ications)

D'YAWOUX0. Petr Takovlovich; KIROI!VORS&IT, Ssrgey Alaksandrovich-,
MUXHIROVICH P L usuchnyy red,; ISMOTA, T.N., md.izd-va;
. 0 M.-J!=0
0 . , rel..izd-va: TUXIIIII. YeA., takhn,red,
[Prefabrication of precast reinforced concrete] 7av0dakoe i2go-
tovlanie abornogo zhelazobetona. Moskva, Goo.lzd-vo lit-ry po
stroit., arkhit. i stroit.materialem. 1960. 281 p.
OIRA 13:12)
(Precast concrete)

YFRUVIIIIUVIClit P.L.9 kand.tekhn.naO
Preliminary results of the study of the vibratory pressing of con-
crete. Trudy NUMB no.21:138-140 '61. (YJ_3A 14:12)
1. Nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut betona i zhelezobetona
Akademii stroitellstva i arkbitektur7 SSSR
(Vibrated concrete~

Ylff-
112-;6-11861
Translation from: Ref erativnyy zhuxual, Elektrotekhnika, 1957, ft6i p. 12 (USSR)
AUTEIO.R: Yendd3imovich, S.Z.
TITLE: Automatic High-Voltage Testing Outfit
(Avtomaticheekaya vysokovolltnaya ispytatelinaya uBtanovka)
PERIODICAL: InformatBionno-tekhnicheWdy abornik, Ministerstvo elektrotekhaicheakoy
promyshlennosti SSSR, 1956,NxIO, pp-37-42
ABSTRACT: Factory testing of.most flexible cords, wires, and cables include keeping
them, or their semiproducts, under a certain voltage for a specified time
period, then changing the voltage and keeping them up to the insulation
breakdown. Most testing laboratories at cable plants use conventional h-v
outfits for these t-ests with voltage changes and timing performed by a
special worker. Deviations from the specified programs are not excluded
with this system. In this connection, automation of teBtfj seems interesting.
Circuit diagrams are given, and an automatic h-v cable testing outfit is
described.
ASSOCIATION: Cable Industry Research Inatitute
(Nauchno-isBledovatel'Wdy institut kabellnoy promyshlennostt)
Card 1/1

YERUKHIMOVICii P L., kand. teklm.nauk- MADATYAN, S-A.., imh-;
SMCINk, T.N., tekbn. md.
(Instructiow on the techniques of proutresaing rod, Aro,
and strand reinforcement of reinforced-4onerete elements by
electrothermal and electro--mechanical methods)Instruktaiia
po tekbnologii redvaritellnogo napriazheniia sterzhnsvoi,
i priadevoi armatury zhelezobetm*4rkh kozt--
struktaii'elektrotermicheskim i elektromekhanichookim spo-
sobemi. Moskva, Gosstroiizdat.. 1962. U5 p. (HIM 15:8)
lo Akademiya stroitellstva i arkhitektur7 SSM. Institut be-
tons, i zhelezobetona, Perovo.
(Concrete reinforcement)

S/196/62/000/002/007/023
E194/EJL55
AUTHOR3 Yerukhimovich, S.Z.
TITLE: "g-u-bstitutes for ~`opper and lead in the cable indust-y
PERIODICAL3 Referativnyy zhurnall Elektrotekhnika i energetiRa,
no.2, 1962, 12, abstract 2B 61. (Vastn.
elektroprom-sti, no.8, 1961, 5-7).
TEXT: During the period 1959-1965 the Soviet cable industry
is required tn save 400 000 tons of copper and 400 000 tons cf
lead. Aluminium-core power cables of all sizes and voltages are
now manufactured, In 1965, 90% of all cables should have
aluminium cores and up to half of the output should have
aluminium sheaths. Cables with aluminium cores and polyvinyl-
chloride (PVC) sheaths should comprise 40% of the output. For
cables of I - 35 kV insulated with PVC and polyethylene it is
possible and desirable to replace their lead sheathing by PVC.
Plastic-insulated and PVC-sheathed cables have been developed for
voltages of 0.5, 1, 6, 10 and 35 kV. It is planned to make all
control cables with non-metallic and mainly plastic sheathing, an'j
more than 60% of them will have aluminium cores. In 1965 it is
Card 1/3

Substitutes for copper and lead s/196/62/000/002/007/023
E194/EI55
planned to replace ccpper cores by aluminium in 52,5% Of Power
cables and only 5Y6 of them will have lead sheathing,, All
signalling and interlocking cables will be made with plasti,~
shoathing. Electric wires for lighting and general installations
in buildings will havo elluminium conductora~ mminly insulatej
with rubber, PVC and Inairit', Work im procaoiding towarelm ~b~.
introduction of flexible aluminium-cored conductors for
electrified transport and also similar conductors and cables fc-
electric welding. Because of their lightness, ~condurtors w.4ti,
aluminium cores are also important for shipbuilding and aviaticn.
Copper may be saved by using non-metallic cores instead of
copper for high-voltage ignition wiring in all kinds of
automobiles. This wiring with non-metallic cores has been
developed and is in series production. A study is being mad,~
the possibility of replacing copper screening in a number of
conductors and cables by various kinds of n-on-metalliz~ screening
materials. The cable works are manufacturing aluminium
conductors insulated with enamel of vinyflex and -metalvyn,'
Card 2/3

Substitutes for copper and lead ... s/196/62/000/002/007/023
E194/E155
(conductors grades 17 (PEVA-1) and n~SA-2 (PEVA-2)) and witt,..
polyamideresol enamel ( II-).APA-1 (PELRA-1) avid
(PELRA-2)), and alao aluminium conductors with copper insulation
type krl[;A(APBD), telephone or cable paper types AIIS (APB) and
nA6CA(PABSD), and glass-fibre insulated type AnC;4(APSD)~
The electrical properties of these conductors are not inferior to
the corresponding copper grades and they have better heat-
resistance. Oxide-insulated aluminium conductors have been
developed (grade n AO(PAO)) for operation at temperatures abovr,
200 OC (long-term operation at 300 OC and 6 hours at 540 OC).
Prototypes and batches of transformers and electric motors have
been made with aluminium windings instead of copper. The Vilnius
Electric Welding Equipment works is regularly producing welding
transformers with aluminium, windings. Recommendations are made
concerning the introduction of grades and dimensions of
aluminium winding conductors.
[Abstractor,s notet Complete translation.j
Card 3/3

YHRM-HIYOVICH TaTwa
Alt anhanCef t he rAm Rab 1 $141 33 no 6: 5 Ac 97. (MrAA- lo: P,
T.IJ

STSBAKOV, Ye.S.; RUBTSOV, N.N., prof., doktor tolichn.nauk, lauroat
Stalinskoy premil, red.; IWIMKOVICH, TS.K., red.; ZUDAKIN,
I.M., takha.red.
(Specialist in removable flask molding] Formovshchik po bes-
opochnoi formovke. Pod red. U.N.Rubtsove. Moskva, Goe.izd-vo
obor.promyshl.. 1946. 83 p. WRA 120)

ABIANTS, Vjktor Khristoforovich; tjjTRoKHO, V.T.p kand, -tekhn.
naukj yEEtUKHIMOVICH. TS.M., red.
(Theory of gas turbines for jet engines] Teoriia gazo-
vykh turbin reaktivnykh dvigatelei Izd,2.t.perer. i dOP-
Moskvaq Mashinostroeniev 1965. 310 P. iRA 18t6)

ROVIKOT, M.P.; SIVAY, A.V.; TROSEIRV, A.I.;jOUUUH=V-IAff W-
MKIN, I.M., tekhnicheakiy redaktor.
ClustallAtion of airplane engines; tools] Hontaxh aviatmiounvkh
dylgatelei; montashaye prisposoblenita. Moskva, Oborongiz;glavnaia
redaktatia aviatelonnoi lit-ry, 1947. 26'? p. (KWA 8:2)
(Airplanes-Inginso)

KALOV, A,N,, dotsent. kand.teldm.nmuk; URUKENOTICH, TS.K.. red.;
ZMAKUp I.M., takhn.red,
[Manufacturing cartridges for small arms] Proizvodetva patronov
strelkovogo orazhila. Moskva. Goo.izd-vo obor.promyshle, 1947.
414 p. (HIM i4a)
1. Noskovskoye vyscheye takhnichookoye uchillshche in. Baumana
(for K&Iov).
(Cartridges)
--l

YFRIJKHIVOVICH, yu.A.;pIMMOV, Yu.V. (Mskva)
Calculation of a specific Integral contaflni-ng BessOl's functiorl.
Zhur. vych. mat. i Rkit. fiz- 4. no.30S6-599 Vq-Je 16!4.
OdIfUt 17:6)

AUTHOR:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL
I.Yeruklijagg4p Llember of -.he SCV/ios-13-1o-111113
:55-ciety
The Effect of Asymmetry in Radiolocation Units J11
Tneir Performance (Yliy,!.niyc aoimmetrli v
na yeGo rabotu)
Radioteklinika, 1950, Vol 13, Ur 10, n 64 - 75 NS510
ABSTRACT: This is an investijation of the set-irregul--rities
and of the smearing of the minima in multi-tower
radiolocation stations with spaced antennas, if amplitude
and phase are asymmetrical. General rules governiing
these phenxiena are presented [Lnd the diajr,ans are
-~ quantities
plotted specifying the variation of the
mentioned, if one pair of antennas is asyzime-,,rical, and
for the radiolocation station as a whole. The kinds of
irregularities which are the subject of thiZ paper
e-ru to a high degree decisive for the accurate
operation of the ra-diolocation unit. Phase -;~.symmetry
is much more detrimental with re-pect to the occurrence
of great location errors than is amplitude asymmetry.
Card 1/3 This is true in particular for the long-v;ave iiiter-.-a-1

The - Effect of Asymmetriy in Radiolocat ion Unit3 -iii
Their Performaznce
of the frequency range in radjOlOCLLtiOn units with a
gro.at frequency overlap. The rules go"arning t"110 mo('i-
fication of location errors with tho modulu::i and tile
rules governin- the minima smearing of the radiation
pattern are different with the two types of asymmetry:
If a small location error corresponds tc amplitude
asyrmnetry, the accompanying smearinG is relatively lar,:e.
For phase asymmetry conditions are inverted. In this
paper a possibility is shown of com,)ensatin~; that Dart
of the set irregularity curve by introducinl!-'~ L, corresponding
controllable cartificial aoynmetry into the circuit of
the radiolocation unit. In stationary radiolocation units
this method also permits to eliminate part of the local
irregularities. Th,--.re are 6 fieures and 5 references,
5 of which are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: June 14, 1957 (initially) and April 21, 1956 after
Card 2/3- revision)

The Influence of Asymmetry in Radiolocatior Units Upon S!-"i /1 "3-1
Their Performance
pZ=LaMjON; Vsesoy=oye nmehm-tekhniches1mye obsbehestvo radioteldmiU
j e3.ektxosVazi im. A.S. popova (All-Union Scientific and
Tachnical Society of R&1io, and Co=mnieations Ragine-ering
ix. A.S. Popov-)
Card 3/3

41
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10
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ri q)
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9~1 ILI
%f C)

S/108 60/015/06/05/006
Y731
B007 Z014
AUTHOR% Yerukhimovich, Yu. A., Member of the Society
TITLE: Some Problems Concerning the Radio Bearing of Interfering
Radio WavesV
PERIODICALt Radiotekhnika, 1960f Vol. 15, So, 61 pp. 62-66
TEXT: Contrary to Ref. 1, the author of the present article did not
utilize the concept of a beam of rays for the incoming wave, but studied
the radio bearing of interfering radio waves6directly with special
regard to the specific features of the radio bearing of two interferine
beams. Here, automatic two-channel direction finders of the amplitude type
with direct reading on the screen are examined. These may be multiple-
tower systems with spaced or crossed-coil antennas. It in assumed that
the direction finder does not react to the horizontally polarized
component of the wave field. First, the author studies initial relations,
for which purpose he treats the case in which two coherent radio waves
with different parameters are received by the direction finder. He
utilizes results published by him in a preceding paper. Next, he examines
Card 1/3
j, Wil I'll

Some Problems Concerning the Radio Bearing S1108~6010151061051G,06
qf.~'Xnterfering Radio Waves B007/BD14
the rules governing the radio bearing of beams witb constant or slowly
varying parameters. Figs. 1 and 2 show a typical picture of the specific
features of radio bearing for A 2 = 100 (difference of the deviation of
the angles of incidence of the two beams from the arc of the major circle
drawn between the points of emisBion'and reception). An analysis of the
formulas and figures of this article shows that considerable errors are
observed both with maximum ellipticity and with a minimum of the major
axis of the ellipse. Next, the author investigates the radio bearing of
two stations with almost equal frequencies. On the radio bearing of such
transmitters operating at the same time, an image in the form of a
parallelogram appears on the screen of the tube of the tro-channel
direction finder. A theoretical explanation of this phenomenon is given,
and an exact mathematical solution of this problem is offered in the
appendix. It is shown that the difference between the frequencies of two
stations, which cause this "parallelogram", follow the condition (5).
On the other hand, inequality (6) must be satisfied in order that no
"parallelogram" occurs. Otherwise the signals of two stations are received
Card 2/3

Some Problems Concerning the Radio Bearing S110916010151061051006
of Interfering Radio Waves B007/BO14
as two beams from one source. Summing ups 1) Interference of two beams
leads to the reception of the signals of two stations as two beams from
one source, to a "parallelogram", and to "measuring of angles in sets"
(krugovoy priyem), 2) The main factor of the occurrence of interference
errors are the lateral deviations of radio waves from the are of the
major circle. 3)'The nature of the erromunder consideration is such
that they cannot be completely eliminated in any case. The number of
erroneous readings and heavy errors in radio bearing can be reduced bir
an exact analysis of the nature of the radio-bearing image. 4) On the
strength of the data obtained it is assumed that, in accordance with
Ref. 2, the heavy errors in radio bearing within the "dead" zone of the
transmitter and in the neighborhood are mainly due to lateral deviations
of'radio waves. There are 4 figures and 3 references: 2 Soviet and
1 German.
SUBMITTED: November 3, 1958
Card 3/3

Yu A
rl
~.UKHIMOVICH, Yu. A Co a n d e c h S c i
va,4,d,
4'7,,4A
determination of the advent of radio un-yes In, sys-
L 4e
tems arrmtV d with antennas,." Mos, 1961. (Min of
GOmji/tTSSR. Mos i&~~ Inst of Communications) (KL,
B-61, 243)
228 -

............ .......... ..... ..... . .
I Hilt ; IE
8/106/61/()00/004/003/004
L9,, 13 06 A055/A133
AUTHOR: Yerukhimovich. Yu. A.
TITLEt Calculation of non-linear distortions in waveguide transmission
lines
PERIODICAL: Elektroavyazi, no. 9, 1961, 19-27
TEXTt This article is a further development of Lewin's works and, in
particular, of Lewin's article (Ref. 1i "The Multiple Reflections in the Long
Feeders", Wireless Eng., 1952, v. 290 No- 346). Lewin gave, indeed, an ap-
proximate solution of the problem of long feeders in the case of a large num-
ber of discontinuities M. In the present article, the author gives a precise
solution of the same problem for any value of number M, within the limits of
applicability of the used method. The works of Lewin are taken to be known,
and various expressions, formulae and designations used by him are currently
resorted to in the present article. Like Lewin, the author assumes that thEM
are, in the waveguide (feeder), M equidistant discontinuities, their reflec- 0Y
tion factor being the same. The article consists of tTro parts or chapters:
1) - Calculation of harmonic interferences in waveguide lines for any number
Card 1/3

S/10 61/000/004/003/004
Calculation of non-linear distortions... A055YA133
of discontinuities: Taking as starting point Lewin's formula for the inter-
ference-power P orresponding to the q-th harmonic of the frequency Wa, the
author finds that'the sums included in this formula can be calculated with
precision for any value of M. After a comprehensive mathematical analysis,
he derives, therefore, a new and more developed formula for P 2) - Voities
due to non-linear transitionst After another comprehensive malh*ematical cal-
culAtion, the alAthor derives a general formula giving the level of the re-
lative power (Gf) of non-linear-transition noises for the maximum kequency of
the multichannel signal. As a numerical example, he uses this formula for
the calculation of the level of non-linear-transition noises in the case of a
waveguide transmission line in a typical radio-relay oysteia. In conclusion,
the author states that the results obtained by him allow to widen the possi-
bilities offered by Lewin's method and to analyse sectionalized transmission
lines containing any number of sections. He also states thaL the existing
recommendations concern4ng the calculation of noises due to non-linear tran-
sitions necessitate corrections (Marko - Ref- 4: Die Borechnung der KlirrfaV-.
toren und dea Klirrgeraeusches fuer die verechiedenen Vei~zerrunparten bei
Vielkanal-Richtfunksystemen mit Prequenzmodulation. 1111TZ11, Sept. 1957, B. 10,
146
Card 2/3

S/106/61/000/004/003/004
Calculation of non-linear distortions... A055/A133
No. 9). There are 6 figures and 5 references, 3 Soviet-bloc and 2 non-Soviet
-bloc. The English-language reference ist Lewin. The multiple reflectio-71B
in the long feeders. "Wireless Eng.11, 1952, v. 29, no. 346.
SUBMITTED: September 27, 1960
J.9
Card 3/3

I."~.~i"!=.,.;;~.~..~~II.""ilhl.~-.1i.,!,.~~il;I "IIMIMII.Oi.~ UILIMURNA., 11,11, INI~,;! il,.~ 11 A 11 '11.1. !,~'i 111"i
YERUKHIMOVICH, Yu.A.
Consideration of nonlinear distortions in waive pfl.,itl
linps. EJ.ektros*iaz' 15 no.4;19-27 Ap 161.
(Wave guides)

0 %b o

C-), (LI --j c,,4,

CO
-1-5

(Tj !-7,

71

11111 lit I

THRUMUMOVICH-
PrOPMPtion of pUns e3actromqpaLic inivea abMils the emrtb
In tho prenence of horlmaw reim4latiq 3.1radi, R&4jatokh-mjkA
16 no.W5-~26 F 26). (KM 16M)
la %Y8 twitelln" ablart lauabno-tohnicheolcogo otabobeotys
radlotekhniki i alaktros"i Imni Pbpovaa
Radio,Antenmas)

YERUKHIMOVICH~ Yu.A.
Solution of a rroblxm of the diffraction ce a pjang
wave in a sphere with large diameter using an approximation methrd.
Ra:dioterkh. i elektrkn.,10 no.1:21-30 A 165.
(KIRA 18:2)

YERUKHIMOVICH, Yu.A.
Firequency correlation in radio cowrmication using dispersive
media. Radiotakhnika 20 no.9:27-35 4'41065. (MIRA 18i9)
1. Deystvitelinyy chlen Nauchno-teMnicheakogo obabehestva
radiotekhniki i elektroaVazi imeni A.S, Popova,

I ;- " j Y', H 1 , I ~I " 4 C, 'j, P- j . " .
GLIWIN, N. M.; YERU-MAINOV, DIU.; MIN, G.S.
Spravochnik Mastera 14etalloobratyvayushchogo Tsekha, published by
Rosgismestprom., Moscow., 1950
UB& Sma #148

VYROVJ A., inzh.; YE:RTRIOV, I., inzh.
-- -- - 4
Our building organizations must improve their work. Sell.stroi,
18 no.11:7-8 H 163. (KRA 17: 1)
1. Upravleniye sellskogo stroltellstva Glavsradnevolvhakstroya.

50, 2, 3) S 7/15 3 e - 5 - 2,"j / 2~;;
AUTHORS: Gvozdov, S. P. I (Dec ease d)
Yeru mrra
.
TITLE: Chemical Temperature Indicators (Minicheakiyo indikatory
temperatury)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Khimiya i khimicher,~.r_-_-,
tekhnologiya, 1958, Nr 5, PP 154-156 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A simple and rapid measuring of the temperature of the surface
of a heated body is of special interest in industry where the
overheating of one or the other machine or its parts must not
occur. As is known, for this purpose so-called heat-varying
colors can be used. Although such a temperature measuring
serves for orientation it can be used in iindustrial practice and
it is accurate enough if the variation of the color may be
clearly noticed and the temperature of the variation had earli-
been accurately determined. In cases where other methods can-
not be used the chemical temperature indicators may become ir-
replaceable. The task of the present paper was 1) to synthcs'17.
compounds the variation in color, of which with temperature is
very marked
2) to determine the temperature of their variati--:-
Card 1/3 of color; 3 to devise a method of applying these compounds s~~
~

".I W41.i I 1~ I' WHO IM Phi I" NWflul
Chemical Temperature Indicators
Card 2/3
SOV/153-58-5-26/28
temperature indicators from 50 -to 5000 in industry. Two ap-
paratus for the determination of the variation in color were
designed: a) for an informative, and b) for an accurate de-
term-ination (F'9 P 155). The scale of the apparatus b was
checked by means of compounds the temperature dependent
variation of color of which may be found in literature. The
results of these determinations are given in table 1. The
authors decided to regard that temperature as the temperature
of the variation in color a t w h i c h t Ii e v a r i -
ation of color takes place abruptly,
i. e. within 1-2 seconds. By means of paraffin a color pencil
was produced from a corresponding color (additiona of animal
or synthetic fat, wax or ceresin as well as of fillers are
recommended). With this pencil a line was drawn, or a point,
on the surface of the test apparatus. The surface temperature
was fixed by means of a millivoltmeterl the period during which
the variation in color took place was measured by mean3 of a
stop-watch. Table 2 shows the variation in color of some com-
pounds. From table 2 the dependence of the duration of the de-
composition of some salts upon the temperature at which a
variation of color occurs may be clearly seen. Based on thiis

Lov/.157 58-'---26/28
Chemical Temperature Indicators
also the errors may be classified which usually occur in 'Lhi
temperature determination of the heated surface by means of
heat-varying colors. The temperatures of the color variation
of many compounds were determined (Table 3) by the method
mentioned. In this way a set of color penoils for temperature.,
of from 35 to 4500 was arranged. As the fat additions, as well
as the fillers, somehow displace the,temperature of the color
variation of the pencils,. this temperature is to be determinel
by this method in each single case. On the paper cover of tha
pencil there are to be indicated the temperature as well as th~.
type of color variation. There are 1 figure-, 3 tables,and
4 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy politekhnicheskiy institut imeni M1. I. Kalinina,
Ka'.edra obshchey khimii (Leningrad Pol~ytechtical Institute
imeni M. 1. Kalinin, Chair of General Chemistry)
SUBMITTED: December 16, 1957
Card 3/3

.4i i"P i1h 1E 1146i,11.1 jUlaI310
11,14ild 91.11, u.-J. ii--V mmmw n
I O'\
VIffOGRAWYA. X.Ye.; YBEESALIMCHIZ. gjavnyy-vrILch
Certain characteristics of the course of chicken-pox under the administra-
tion of ultruviolet rayn. Vbp.pediat. 21 n0-3:38-41 Ifq-Je '53,
OGELL 6:7)
1. Infektsionnaya bollnitea iment B.P.Botkina.
(Chicken-pox) (Ultraviolet rays-Therapentic uBe)

GRIBOV, To. I.; M RIX A If laxhanor. nauchay redaktor; SHPAY]IR,
MHOO a - ,
A.L., tor; LY sft , 9.1.0 talchnichaskiy rvdaktor
[Roofing paper] Krovellayl, kartout Moskyal Gomp lxd-~o lit-ry po
stroitd zatsrtslx~, 1956...267 Lo.. (MM 9.10)
(Roof ing)
i ~

GOLUBOVICH, Aleksandr Andreyevichp inzh.; YERUSALDIC)ILK_, 14bram Me erovich,
z . p ROZEII O.B. p
1~
inzhq ZHAREHOVv Andrey Sargeyevic p kand, tdA~x.
nauk r OS137
,, nauchn. red.; SOKOLISKU, I.F., red. izd-va KO, L.M., tekhn.
red.
[The technology of bituminous roofing materials) Tekhnologiia biturinoz-
rqkh krovellmykh materialov. Moskya., Gos. izdl-vo lit-ry po stroit.,
arkhit. i stroit. materialamp 1961 373 (MTRA 14;11)
(Roofing,.BiQiinous~*

ILIINSKAYA, L.A.; TOLCHINSKAYA, G.Ya.; YERUSALIMCHIK, G.L.
Characteristics of antidiphtheria Immity in children in Leningrad.
Zhur.mikrobiol.epid.i im=. 33 no.5,.6-10 My 162. (HIPA 15:8)
1. Iz Leningradskogo instituta imeni Pastera, sanitarno-epidemiologi-
cheskoy stantsii Dzerzhinskogo rayona I Bollnitsiy imeni Botkina.
(LENINGRAD-DIPHTHERIA)

AUTHORS: Yefimov, Ye. A. , Yeruealimc 1o 0. 76-32-2-26/38
TITLE., An Investigation of the KinEtics of the Anodic Disoolution of
Germanium (Isaledovaniye kinetiki anodnooo rastvoreniya ger-
maniya)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, 1958, Vol. 32, fIr 2, pp. 413-417
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: According to the method of polarization curves and potential
over time curves the Anetics in the anodic dissolution of
germanium in dependence on its type of conductivity -elec-
tron- and hole conductivity - was investigated It is shown
. the
that with current densities of more than 3.10-3 A/cn2
process of anodic dissolution of n-germanium is greatly dif-
ferent from that of p-germanium. It in assumed that the kine-
tics of the anodic dissolution of germanium is limited by
the diffusion velocity of the positive charge carriers- the
holes from the depth of the semiconductor to its surf ce.
Card 1/2 It is shown that with current densities of 0,15 A/ell tile

'76-32-2-26/38
An Investigation of the Kinetics of the Anodic Dissolution of Germaniu:n
anode potential of p-germanium. increased to 200 mV within
30 minutes, showing the same periodic oscillations of the
potential gs with n-germanium. It is assumed as not being
impossible that the oxide layer at the germanium surface has
semiconductor properties itself, which complicates the pro-
cess investigated here. Summarizing it is stated that an
investigation of the electrochemical reaction of jermanium
without takinG into account the type of conductivity and the
electric parameters c~m not furnish a correct picture of the
processes investigated. There are 4 figureat and 5 references,
SUBMITTED-. December 3, 1956
1. Germanium-Electrochemistry
Card 2/2

AUTHORS: Yefimov, Ye. A., Yerusaliachik, I. G. 76-32-5-24/47
TITLE: The Effect of the Electrophysical Properties of Germanium on
the Process of Its.Anodic Dissolution (Vliyaniye elektro-
fizicheskikh svoystv germaniya na protsess yego anodno,,o
rastvoreniya)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1958, Vol- 32, lir 5, pp. 11o3-11o6
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Since the kinetics of the process depends on the diffusion of
the holes to the surface of the semiconductor it is 'to be ex-
pected that the magnitude of the specific resistance of
germanium and the diffusion length also exert an influence
on the course of the anodic process, so that in the present
work this is investiCated with respect to p- and n-types of
germanium. Foia.~ization curves were plotted by means of an
already described plant and method, in which case it was
especially clearly observed with the increase of the resistance
of the n-type of the Germanium that an essential decrease of
polarization takes place, while in the case of the n-type the
effect is essentially smaller and has a reverne character. In
Card 1/2 the case of hif,,her apacifte roo i fi tallo w1 the dil,fovo:lco botwo"11

The Effect of the Electrophysical Properties of Gerr-aniu-, 76-32-5-24/47
en the Process of its Aaodic Dissolution
the polarization curves of the two typos is sinall, W.ich is
explained by the assumption that the kineticQ of the anode
dissolution of germanium at current densities of above
3.1o-3 A/CM2 is determined by the diffusion. velocity of the
carriers with positive charge - the holes from, the depth of the
semiconductor to its surface; thin is proved by the data on
the influence of the temperature on the aha-pe of the anode
polarization curves. From the experimental results on the in-
fluence of the diffusion length can be seen that with the above
mentioned current densities the same effect was observed as in
the case of the specific resistance, but that it is smaller.
On the mentioned conditions a decrease of the saturation current
of the holes in the crystal will lead to an increase of the
polarization with the increase of the diffusion length with
e(:ual current densities, which is in agreement with the obtained
experimental data. There are 4 fi,,nires and 2 references, 2 of
which are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: January 29, 1957
1. Ge.-manium--Electrical properties 2. Germanium--
Card 2/2 Physical properties 3. Germaniur,--Electron, transitions

AUTHORS: Yemifov, Ye. A., Yerusalimchik., I. G. S 011'17 6, - 7 2 -6 /L 6
TITLE: A Study of the 57d55-Gen Overvolta_;7e on Germanium (Issledovaniye
perenapryazheniya. vodoroda na germanii)
PERIODICAL. Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1958, Vol 32, Nr 9,
~p 1967 - 1970 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors investigated the deposition of hydro,3en
on germanium from a 0,1 N solution of HC1 at 200. The
polarization curves for current densities between lo-5
and 10-1 A/cm 2 were drawn (Pigs 1-i~). In addition to the
pure hydrochloric acid solution (polari-.-~ition curves
in figure 1) the authors employed hydrochloric acid
solutions with the following compounds added: sodium
citrate (polarization curve in fiMire 2); tetraethyl
ammonium iodide (polarization curve in figure 3); and
octyl alcohol (polarization curve in figure 4). The
authors found that the overvaltaC-;e of hydroLen on
ger-manium is high, lying between -0,5 anal -1,2 V 1~ and 1
that at current densities of jo-5 to 10 3 and 10- to 10-
Card 1/2 the overvoltage follows the equations: V 0,97 + 0,12 le I

r 7
A Study of the Hydrogen Overvoltage on Germanium, 5 0 7/7 ~ _.., 2 - 9 - 6
and k= 1,33 + 0,12 19 1 (1 is the current density in
amperes per quarter centimeter). The kind of conductivity
of the germanium cathode has no influence on the do-
position of the hydrogen (Fig 1). All results show that
the electro-chemical deposition of hydrogen on germanium
takes place according to a -nechanium of delayed discharge;
this conclusion agrees completely with the theory of
AX.Fruml:in (Rof 5). There are 4 V.Ciireci and 10 i-eforoncesv
8 of which are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: March 27, 1957
Card 2/2

5(4) OOV120-12~2-11' -26/57
AUTHORS: YefLimov, Ye. A. , Yerusalimahik I. G.
TITLE: A Germanium Electrode With a p-n-Transition
(Germaniyevyy elektrod s p-n-perekhodom)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Alcadamii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol 122, tir 4, pp 652-634
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: According to the results of some -7ev-ious papers (Refs 1, 2),
the anodic dissolution of germani m depends on the concentra-
tion of the holes on the surface of the semiconductor. It was
interesting, therefore, to investigate the behavior of a ger-
manium electrode with a p-n-transition.;By means of such a
transition, holes could 'be injected and a region of a reduced
content of carriers could be formed. The exDeriments describ-
ed in this paper were carried out on a plate of germanium
of the electron conductivity type (specific resistance 20 Ohm.c;a,
diffusion length I mm). The initial thickness of the plate
was 250 i1. The carrying out of the exparimento is diacussed
In a few lines. A diagram gives the polarization curves for
the anodic dissolution of germanium found for the current
Card 1/3 density interval
M IN, A
M
177~"t li 1 Irtri ~` I ~& I I MI il' I IT it M!"" vi, 1171.1 MIN I H H 1111111111 ft M a U H IIII

A Germanium Electrode With a p-n-Transition SOV/2o-122-,-Z6,,)7
-6 _ -2 2. mfi r I I loti
10 10 A/cm Thri o1jeond diturn 1 tion vrjt,'!j?,'
of the potential of the (.,,ermanium anode if t1iv. positive iolc~
of the current source in connected with an Ohmic rint, contact,
aM if the external ciroult of' tho p-n-tratwition 13 diB-
connected. It i3 expected that the injection of the holds
into the germanium will diminish the polarization of the elec-
trode reaction. In thin germanium platen (for current den3ities
I > 10-3 A/cm 2) the anodic dissolution proceeds vith a hiiher
polarization than in thick germanium plates. An increase of
the return displacement (U return) may extend the region of the
space charge to such an extent that it reaches the germanium
surface which is in contact with the electrolyte. In order to
investigate the behavior of the electrode under such condi-
tions, the authors measured its potential and its capacity
for a frequency of 5000 cycles and for various retui-n din-
placements on the p-n-transition. If u return increases to
15 - 20 V, the capacity of the electrode decreases sharply.
7owever, the potential of the electrode does not vary up to
Ureturn = 15 - 20 V, and it grows elowly above this value.
If the space charge reaches the surface of the germanium plate,
Card 2/3 the selfdissolution of germanium becomes slower because of a

A Germanium Electrode With a p-n-Tranaition SOV2o-1 22-4-26/57
lack of holes, and the potential of the electrode becomeo
higher. There are 2 figures and 3 references, 1 of which is
Soviet.
PRESENTED: May 23, 1958, by A. N. Frumkin, Academician
SUBMITTED: May 21, 1958
Card 3/3

5(4) SO 7/76 - 3-2 2,14
AUTHM-IS YefLimov, Ye. A.f.Yerusalimchikj 1.
TITLE: An Investigation of the Capacity of the Germanium Electrode
(Is--ledovaniye yemkc-ti -,,-ermaniyevoeo A-lel-troda)
PERIODTCAL: Zhiirnal fizichenkoy khimii, 195), Vol 33, 'Ir 2,
PP 441 - 446 (usn)
ABSTRACT: The method of curves of differential c,,~racity makes
possible a determination of the zero point of the electrode
metallaswenas ~;iving information on the condition of the
electrode surface. The sinjle paper -.Yhlch reports a
measurement of the capacity of the germanium electrode io
that of Bohnenkamp and En.rel (Bonenicamp)(Ref 1). In the
present pal,,er the measurement was carried out according
to the method described by M. A. Prookurnin and A. N.
Frun,kin (Rof 2), A GSITCh-99I gener-~toro a brid~;e connection
oonatructed on the tianis of t,~e ujjivc-rf,,Pj P,'V T brid~,e, ar;d
a LV-9-2 lamp voltometer -.,,ere used. The anodic meaouremen,~.,,-,
took plane in a nitro,.-Ien atmosohere an:1 t'-e c-:.thodic in a
hyr.lro~~en atmo-iph---re. Before each wirvo determination the
Card electrode polished ana clenned in SM-4 r,,-)rrlqnt. According

An InvestiCation of tile Capacity of the Germaniun Electro,le SOV/76-32~,'-'7~2/,!:~
to the equation of R. L'. Tacenin (Ref 4) 'the zero c*---r-e
for ger-nanium is 0.34 volt and accordin- to the calculation
dita of Ye. A. Ukshe and A. I. Levin (Ref 5) it in
o.63 (-0.47) volt- In the %,.,ork reported here the melasure-lentS
were carried out in 0.1 n hydrochloric acid at frequencies
of 60, 200 and 1000 hertz. The C- T, curves for germanium of
P-type (Figs 1,2) and for monocrysLals of germanium of the
U U
electron type (n-type) show a sharp mini-mum at 0.6 volt. This
valuo in clone to that of (Rof bilt molch lover thc'.t
calcul_~-ted from tile equation of Vasenin. C;!rves were plotted
for the differential capacity for germn-nium of the p -nd
n-types at current densIties of about 10-5 - 10-1 ampere/cal 2
in 0.1 n hydrochloric acid and at frequencies of 200p 1000,
and 5000 hertz (Pigs 3-5). These curvea showed oe~,reral differ-
ences in that thcre was a dependence shown upon the type
(n- or p-) and upon the cize of the specific reciztance of
the Go. A polarization at potentir.1s eomewhnt above 0-5 volt
led to tho for.-ri-tion of opoto (yelloly-bro',n) nrll')r) on tho
gor-~ianium ar)ode, which woo attributod to the formation of -.t
phase oxide of the type GcO. There are 6 filpircs and 7 refer-
Card 2/3 ences, 6 of which are Soviet.

5W
AUTHORS:
SOV/20-124- 3-33/67
Yefimov, Ye. A., Yerusalimchik, 1. G.
TITLEi The Investigation of Elect:oode React ions. an a Silicon Cathode
(Issledovaniye elektrodnykh reaktsiy na kremniyevom katode)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 124, Nr 3, pp 609-612
(USSR)
ABSTRACTs By employing the method of polarization measurement the authors
investigated the electronic separation of hydrogen and the
reduction of potassium ferricyanide or. monoCTYStallire SiliC:n
of the p- and n-type orientated J.n the dire,~tior "I. These
investigations were carried out at curren-~ densities of from
10-6 to 10-1a/cm 2 at t - 200. The method of experimental
investigation has already been described (Ref 6), The ohmi~:
contacts with silicon were established by the electroiyti~~
application of rhodium. By a previous treatment of sillson ir.
boiling KOH (5-10~-) the same results were obtained.. A hydroger.
electrode was used in the acid solutions for purposes of
comparison, and in basic solutions a saturated calomel
half-element was used for the same purpose. A diagram shows the
Card 1/3 dependence of the overpressure of hydrogen on the logarithm of

The Investigation of Electrode Reactions on a
Silicon Cathode
current density in 2n H 2s04 on silicon of the p.- ard r--type
with different, specific resistance and with a 14-fe of the
unreal current carriers of 30--4G./-set*- All curve3 in the
6 L.2 Pr
interval of current densiti83 Of 10- to 10**4 a/-
practically in agreement and have a coefficient of inclination
of b - 0.18. However, at higher current densities this agreemeni.
coasoo, For In KOJI tho curvai; uz-ji of nitriL-1pir chiLracteir-
curvea shown in the diagrams were determifted with the
electrolyzer complete'Ay darkened. Tho cours,~ taken by the
curves of hydrogen overpressure for silicozi differs considerably
from the analogous curves for germaniiim. According -.-3 the
authors opinion, the difference in the course taken by the
curves of hydrogen on silicon of the p- and r.--type in 2n H 2s04
is due to the ohmic voltage drop in the impcverished layex of
the semiconductor. 1br the purpose o-C confirming this assumptf.or'.,
the authors determined the differential capacity of the silico7
electrode at a frequency of 200 cycles. The greatest ohM4G
Card 2/3 voltage drop must occur with silicor.of the p-type. The d;?.-;reaag

The Investigation of Electrode Reactions on a
Silicon Cathode
of hydrogen overpressure on p-type silicon at 100-200 mv
under the effect of light tends to ahor that certain.
difficulties exist in connection with conveying the supp--,y of
electrons from the interior of the semiconductor to its surface.
This ie, however, not the only reason for hydrogen overpressur.-,,
According to the experiments carvied out by the authors the
influence of the semiconductor properties of the cathode upon
the kinetics of electrochemical reactions manifests -itself in
a different manner in the case of difTerent reactions. The more
electrochemical polarization of the reaction on the cathode
decreases, the more distinctly will the influence exercised
by the semiconductor properties of the electrode material
manifest themselves. There are 4 figures and 6 references,
2 of which are Soviet.
PAESENTED: September 11, 1958, by A. N. Frumkin, Academiciar
SUBMITTED: September 10, 1958
Card 3/3

5W SOV/20-128--l-33/58
AUTHORS: Yefimov, Ye. A., Yerusalimchik, 1. Gz
TITLM On Fartioular Fouturen of Moctrolytic Oxfdrition Roactiorul
on a Germanium Anode
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akudemii nauk SSSRI 1959, Vol 128, fir 1, pp 124-126
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: It is an established fact that the kinetica of the anodic
dissolution of n-germanium is limited by the diffusion of the
holes from the interior of the semioonddotor to the surface
(Refs 1-5). A similar influence of the semiconductor proper-
ties was therefore to be expected also for other anodic re-
actions. The electrolytic oxidation of bivalent vanadium
on a rotating n-germanium anode, however, showed (Ref 6)
that the V2+~~ione are oxidized without any restriction in
that potential range in which the disoolution rate of ger-
manium is limited because of the lack of holes. The auestion
was therefore investigated as to whether in this case a
specific behavior of vanadium ions is concerned, or whether
this phenomenon occurs also with other oxidations. An inves-
tigation was carried out of the oxidation of the oxalate anions
Card 1/4 and of iodine. Figure 1 shows the dependence of the potential

SOV/2o-, 126 -.1 - 33/5-2
On Particular Features of Electrolytic Oxidation
Anode
(referred to normal hydrogen electrode) on the curreni danaity
of an n- and p-germanium anode.with a specifir, resistivity
of 1.5 ohm-cm and a diffusion length of O,ij 0.1 mm. The
introduction of potassium oxalate into the solutions decreases
the potential of n-germanium. This phenomenor. is particular-
ly marked in the case of high current densities at
for the anodic dissolution of the n-,Ge the limiting r-arreat
of the diffusion of the holes occurs. By the addition of
the oxalate ion this limiting current vaninhes, The o-xida-
tion of the oxalate, which occurs aimultaneo-aaly with the
dissolution of the Ge, increases the lRtteX' -within the pcten
tial range, in which it is ot,ier-wise limited by d1iffusion
of the holes to the surface of the semiconductor. The im.
preseion is conveyed that the anodic oxidation of
C increases the concentration of the holes on the surface
2 4
and thus facilitates dissolution. This is explained by the
authors by the fact that the oxidation of the oxalatile ion
is not due to the holes but to the penetration of electrons
Card 2/4

SOV/20-120- I - 33/519
On Particular Features of Electrolytic Oxidation Reaction-4; on a Ge-rman--an
Anode
into the Ge-anode. In the case of p-Ge the lowering of the
potential by oxidation of the oxalate ion occurs only at lov
current densities. If current densities are higher, an anodic
dissolution of Ge, which is not influencrd by the presence
of the C 02- occurs. In a similar manner the oxidation of
2 4
KJ (Fig 2) develops. Ifere a further procese is added, rhich
accelerates the anodic dissolution of Get viz. the reduction
of J on the anode by the capture of electrons from -the
valence zone. This reduction could also be visually confirmed
because the discoloring of the solution, which is character-
istic of iodine, did not occur. Iodine in this case probably
plays the part of a current carrier and promotes the exchange
of electrons between the valence zone and the zone of con-
ductivity. Herefrom the authors draw the following conclu-
sions; Only the reaction of the anodic dissolution of Germaniumj
which is connected with the destruction of the crystal lattice,
is limited by the diffusion of the holes to the surface.
Other oxidation reactions develop without the assistanco of
Card 3/4 the holes, but by the penetration of electrons into the anode.
There are 2 figures and 8 references, it of which are Soviet.
I ;I ii I;, E"041i"Ifill h if 111111, 11 11 [Ill! Ill PIN. I I! RIRIE!; I I ill I HT I 1i I! ill 10 1 ~ I

YeIr-MrALMIChIK, 1. '1., Cana L;Iiei-- If-ci - (diss) "Kine'.1c.,; of (A-cl.r:x:l,--!r-c-,~l
-1 - -
111
on a gerirznium electrocie," 1GI&D, I') pp (frl~tit.~Ac~! f~-,f ~z
(KL, '05-60, 123)

5/076/60/,D34/012/017/027
B0201BO67
AUTHORS: Yefimovp Ye. A. and Yerus%limchikf Is Gop Moscow
TITLE: Hydrogen Evolution on a Germanium Cathode
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheakoy khimii, 1960, Vol. 34, No. 12,
pp. 2804-2607
TEXT: In contrast to the results obtained by W. Brattain and C. Garrett
(Ra ' 1) the authors found no difference in the course of the polarization
curves (lq-logl) which were taken on p- and n-type germanium at current
densities of 10-5 to 1o-1 &/OM2 after previous long-lasting polarization
(Ref. 2). The authors attempted to study tho reasons of the absence of
a distinct electron diffusion boundary ourrent on the polarization curvea.
The curves potential - ourrent were taken by a quick method which permitted
the polarization measurements to be made at a low hydrogen overvoltage, In
'he experiments the voltage was applied to the electrolyzer by a special
;enerator of sawtooth Rulees which allowed the voltage supply to be
changed from 30 to 10-4 sec. The potential of the germanium electrode
was measured in 0.1 N HC1 at current densities of 10-3 to 3.10-2 a/CM2
Card 1/3

Hydrogen Evolution on a Germanium Cathode 5/076/60/034/012/017/027
B020/BO67
and 200 as referred to a hydrogen electrode in the.same solution (Fig. 1).
Curve 1 corresponds to n-type germanium and curve 2 to p-type german'Aum.
The curves were taken within three seconds. At a potential more negative
than 0.6 v the curvisd - I for n- and p-type germanium cathodes diverge.
At I _ 3.10-2 a/cm he polarization of the *j-type germanium electrode
increases by 0.3 v compared to that of n-type germanium. When measuring
the potential after preceding cathodic polarization of the electrode to
a constant potential no deviation was found between the ourvou of p--type
and n-type germanium. The difference in the kinetioa of the electrolytic
evolution of hydrogon on p- and n3type prmanium booomuo iumnif oat only at
current densities exceeding 3.10' a/cm and in a very short initial
range. This phenomenon is connected with the bending of the energy zones
on the semiconductor surface during adsorption and the entrance of the
hydrogen atoms into the crystal lattice. Fig. 2 showe the y - I curves for
a solution of 0.1 N HU + 0.1 N (NH 4)2S208 which were taken within three
seconds on n-(curve 1) and p-(curve 2) type germanium, whereas curve 3
corresponds to the hydrogen evolution in 20.1 N HC1 on n-type germanium.
At current densities exceeding 10-1 a/cm the potential of the p- and
Card 2/3

I ; i19 01 t:,I~ t4! 5 gg R1 uI 11-JU lit U1141 110
4drogen Evolution on a Germanium Cathode S/076/60/()34/012/017/027
B020/3067
n-type germanium electrode rose strongly and anomalously (Fig. 3). This
was not the case in degenerate semiconductors because of their ohmic fall
of potential in the impoverished layer on the germanium sarface and in
the semiconductor mass. The electron diffusion from the mass of p-Lype
germanium to its surface reduces the rate of electrochemical reaction
neither in hydrofren evolution nor in the reduction of the persulfato ion.
There are 3 fiCurcs and ~; roferencea; 3 SovioL, ~ 0~;, .IrLd " Bri,tish.
Card 3/3

89574
(0 Ll S 11614 11$1 5/076/61/035/002/011/015
B107/B220
AUTHORS*. Yefimov, Ye. A. and Yerusalimchik, I. G. (Moscow)
TITLE: knodic dissolution of silicon in hyli-Maoric acid
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, v. 35, no. 2, 1961, 384-388
TEXT: The proce3s of anodic dissolution of p-type and a-type silicon with
specific resistance of about 102 cm in 2.5 N hydrofluoric acid at 200C has
been stud-ied. The investigation is of practical interest for the electro-
chemical etching of silicon. The silicon samples tested were toward (ill);
the minority carriers have an average lifetime of 30-40 osec. Polarization
and differential capacity were measured referred to a saturated calomel
electrodej the potential-versue-time curves were measured with anMo-l
(ENO-1) oscilloscope. The method has been described by the alithors in a pre-
vious paper on the dissolution of germanium (Zh. fiz. khinii, 31, 441, 1959)-
Fig. I s9ows the rtential for anodic dissolution at current densities bet-
ween 10- and 10- A/CM2. n-type silicon shows a clearly marked limiting
current which is still increased by adding potassium ferricyanide to the
Card 1/5

89574
8/07" /6' 1103 5/002/011 /015
Anodic dissolution of ... BI 07713220
solution. For p-type silicon, howeverp T is a linear function of log I
between 10' 6 and 5-10-3. It follows therefrom that the dissolving process
is determined by the number of holes at the silicon-electrolyte interface.
The dissolution causes the formation of an oxide layer which is dark on
p-type silicon and dissolves hardly in concentrated hydrofluoric acid, but
with vigorous evolution of hydrogen in cold potassium hydroxide. The ox-
ide lajer on n-type silicon is much thinner and reacts hardly with potassium
hydroxide, but is dissolved in concentrated hydrofluoric acid. Apparently,
the oxide layer on p-type silicon consists mainly of bivalent, and that on
n-type silicon of tetravalent silicon compounds. Differential capacity was
measured at 200, 1000, and MOM cps. (Figs. 2 and 3)1 the curves corre-
spond to those for germanium, but the capacity is lower. For p-type silicon
it is about one order of magnitude higher than for n-type siliconj this is
due to the fact that ii the latter t~e impov6rished carrier band is broader. The chalge
of the electrode potential after reversing from cathode to anode direction
is shown in Fig. 4- Conclusions: The first stage of anodic dissolution is
the electrochemical oxidation of the electrode surfacel then, the hydro-
fluosilicic oompounds formed on the surface enter the soltition; this process
Card 2/5

KI VmTfT
hodic dissolution S/0 -lb/ 61/035/CC2/Cl 1.1/0-1
-of B107./B220
Ist however? limit ed by ~he number of holes at the semiconductor-electrolyte
0 fYiterface. If there is an insufficient number of holes (as in the case of
.it-type silicon), the dissolution of the silicon 'oxide compounds formed on the
durface is rendered difficult and electrochemical oxidation of the electrode,
.durface continues unimpeded. Probably, this is the reason why tetravalent
and bivalent silicon compounds are formed on n-type and p-type silicon,
respectively. There are 4 figures and 5 references: 1 Soviet-bloc and
4 non-Soviet-bloc. The references to the three English-language publications
.read as follows: Uhlir, Bell System Techn. J., 15, 333 , 1956; Turner,
J - Electrochem. Soc - , 105, 402, 1958, Flynn, J. Electrochem. Soc - , 105, 715,
1958.
SUMITTED: June 10, 1959
,.Legend to Pig. 1: Anode polarization in the dissolution of silicon:
'(1) n-type silicon in 2-5 N HF;(2) p-type silicon in'2.5 N HF;(3) n-type
silicon in 2-5 N HF + 0 *05 N KjFe'(CN)6-
Legend to Fig. 2: Differentia capacity' for p-type silicon: (1) 200 cps;
~(2) 1000 cps; (3) 10000 cps-
'Legend to Fig. 3: Differential capacity for n-type silicon: (1) 200 cps;
6ard 3/5 (2) 1000; (3) 3.0,.000 cps.
0
H I I NIRA HIR

Is., 1; .111,111111
HUM M ".1 wm~ -M i
3/076/61/035/002/011/015
Anodic dissolution Of ... B107/B220
44-
44 6 41;
-0.2 0) 42 4 , 41
V.
Card 4/5

S/076/6 /035/002/011/015

V- Anodic diesolution of ... 33107/13220

iTi,;., Legend.to -Fig 4: Electrode potentialo for.the
reversial of current directio n: (1) P-type
siliconj I - 10-4 A/cm2; (2) p-type ailicon,

.16-4 2
2
~A/Cm (3) P-type

ilicon,
4 2
5-10 A/cm (4) n-type
silicon,
74 2
1 10 A/cm n-type a
ilicont
-4 2
1 2-
10 A/cm; (6) n-type
ailicong
1
4 2
1 5-10- A/cm
04

Card 5/5

SM'/20-130-2-31/069
AUTHORS3 Yefimov, Ye~ A., Yerusalimchik, I, G,
TITLEt On the Particular Features of the Electrochemical Dissolu-
tion of n-Type Silicon ~~
PERIODICALs Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 196o, Val 130. Ur 2,
pp 353 - 355 (USSR)
ABSTHAM This paper is an experimental confirmation of the assump-
tion made by J. Flynn (Hof 4). according to which, un-
like what is the case with germanfum, mainly the holell
are used up in the electrochemical disualution of Si which
are formed in the space charge layer on the boundary between
semiconductor and electrolyte, and where only an insigni-
ficant number of holes is formed-by gerkeration within the
semiconductor, The method employed is described in refer-
ence 3. The experiments vrere made-by means of an n-silican
lamella (resistivity about 3 olim-cm). on one side of the
lamella a p-n junction with an area of O~03 cm2 was pro-
duced by melting aluminum, and on the same side an ohmic
contact was connected. The lamella was insulated by means
Card 1/3 of silicon-varnish and paraffin with the exception of the

On the Particular Features of the Electrochemical S0V/20.-130--2.,:'1/69
Dissolution of n-Type Silicon
place opposite the p-n junction-The thickness of the
n-Si layer between the boundary of the p-re,-ion and the
electrolyte was 20-25 The experfmentm were mafle at,
200 in 2.5nl[F~ Figure shows the pola:rIzatic,n curveo )f
the anodic dissolution of Si in the inti~rval or curru:it
densities from 10-6 to 5,1o-4 a/CM2, Curve 1 vTLI3 obtainod.
with an open circuit of the p-n junction and connect�cn
of the positive pole of the current souTce tv the ohmic
contact. Curve 2 was obtained by connection of a back bias
of 100 v to the p-n junction, Both curves arn irk full
agreement. For ccmparison, curves are introduced; whi-,h
were obtained with ordinaxy Si-electrodes with a specific
resiatance of 3 ohm,cm and 10 ohm,cm. The change in elec-
trode thickness in the case of the same Gpeci " fic resistance
exerts no influence on the anodic diasolution of S-4, which
is in contradiction to the reigults obtained with germanium
(Ref 3), Thua it hau been provert that tho holos necesoary
for the anodic disoolution of 5J. are euoonti.ally forn"d
Card 213 within the region of the space charge on flie buundary

On the Particular Features of the Blectrochemi,,,al S07/20-130,,2-31/69
Dissolution of n~,Typo 3ilioon
between semiconductor and slectrolyte? but not withila
the semiconductor. A further confirmation of this opinion
was provided by the experiments made with reduced
(C 02- ) and oxidizing (K Fe )-additions to the slec-
2 4 3 (C")6
trolyte (Refs 6,7). There are I figure and 7 references,
3 of which are Soviet,
PRESENTEDi September 8, 1959, by A. N. Frumkin, Academician
SUBMITTEDt September 8, 1959
Card 3/3

5/020/60/134/006/023/031
B000054
AUTHORS: Yefimov, Ye. A. and Yerusalimahik, 1. G.
Investigation of the -_ - __~ically Polarized
TITLE: _~ =urfacX~ate of ;~o 3-"'
Germanium in Alkaline Solutions
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 134, No. 6,
PP. 1387-1389
TEXT: Tha authors studied the state of anodically polarized germanium
by recording the curve of charge. To exclude aemiconductor effects, they
used degenerateopolycrystalline germanium. The experiments nere made in
0.1 N KOH at 20 C. The germanium electrode was anodically polarized at
various current densities for a certain- eriod. Then, the curve of charge
was recorded at a current density of 10 3 a/cm2 by means of an DHO-1
(ENO-1) oscilloscope. Fig.1 shows the curves of charge after anodic polari.
zation at the potentials -0-350 v and -0-330 v, and a duration of 10, 205
60, and 120 sec. In all cases, the authors observed, at about-0,75 v,
a retardation of the potential increase which is due to the oxygen dis-
charge on the germanium surface. In anodic polarization T - -0.35 v,
2
the amount of electricity needed is about 4-5-io-4 coulomb/cm , and does
Card 1/3

Investigation of the Surface State of S/02oj6o/134/oo6/023/031
Anodically Polarized Germanium in Alkaline B004/BO54
Solutions
not depend on the time of polarization. The potential of about 1.4 v cor-
responds to the'potential of hydro en separation on a pure germanium sur-
face in 0.1 N KOH at I - 10-3 a/cmg. The amount of chemically adsorbed
oxygen depends on the potential of anodic polarization. It in completely
eliminated by cathodic polarization at Y t. -0.35 v. With an increase in
the potential to -0-330 v, a horizontal step appears in the curve of charg/
at ft -0-75 v. The total amount of electricity needed to remove the oxygen--
rises by one order of magnitude, and now depends on the duration of the
preceding anodic polarization (jo-3 coulomb/oM2 at T - 10 see,
7-10- 3 coulomb/CM 2 at T - 120 sea). The observed step makes the authors
conclude that with anode potentials higher than -0,35 v, part of the elec-
trochemically adsorbed oxygen is bound more closely to the surface. A
monomolecular GeO layer is formed. Fig. 2 shows that the retardation at
~ = -0-75 v can only be observed at anodic potentials belor q - -0.180 v.
At higher potentials or after longer polarization, the horizontal step
disappears. Fig. 3 shows the curve of charge at anodic polarization rith
I = 2-5- 10-2 a/cm2 (T - -0-03 v). After longer duration of polarization,
the potential of the electrode rieoB to +0.6 v due to slow diffusion
Card 2/3

Investifation of the Surface State of S/02% 60/134/oo6/023/031
Anodica ly Polarized Germanium in Alkaline B004 054
solutions
of OH_ ions to the electrode surface, and a ne% retardation appears on
the curve of charge at f - -0.25 v. The experimental data show that the
total amount of 0 adsorbed to Ge may attain more than 10 monomolecular
layers. In the case of anodic dissolution, an oxide layer forms which is
cathodically reduced at -0-75 . There-are 3 figures and 3-non-Soviet
references.
PRESENTED: June 8, 1960, by A. 11, Frumkin, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 8, '1960
Card 3/3

1.11 All, W.9 I, 11.1111.1"MRi .11-111 in, HWUNNUU,
IEFIMOV, Ye.A.; YERUSALIMCHIK., I.G. (Moscow)
Anodic dissolution of silicon in krydrof2uorie acid. Zhur. fiz.
khim. 35 no.2:384-388 F f61. (MIRA 16:7)
(Silicon) (Hydrofluoric acid)
Wectrochemistx7)

V)
AUTHORS:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
1173
S/076/61/035AWC06/0-222,
B121/B203
Yefimov, Ye. A. and Yerusalimchik, I. G.
Anodic dissolution of germanium in the presence of reducing
agents
Zhurnal fizicheakoy khimii, v. 35, no. 3, 1961, 543-547
TEXT: The authors studied the mechanism of anodic dissolution ?I thin
germanium electrodes on addition of reducing agents ouch an C20 4 or I-. The
electrode used was a germanium lamina with a resistivity of 20 acm and a
4iffusion length of I mm. The germanium lamina was 200 p thick. On one
side of the germanium laminaj a p-n electron transition was produced by al-
loying with indium. The potential of this germanium electrode with respect
to a saturated calomel electrode was determined for various current densi-
ties at 2000. All polarization curves obtained in the presence of reducing
agents showed a distinct limiting current with potentials more positive than
0-5 v. The authors discussed the mechanism of accelerated germanium dissolu-
tion on addition of a reducing agent. Experimental data showed an additiorial
supply of holes from the lower semiconductor layers to its surface in the
Card 41/2

Anodic dissolution
S/076J6 1103 5100311006102 3
B121/BP03
presence of reducing agents. Electrons are injected in germanium during
the oxidation of reducing agents. This produces an electric field permit-
ting the supply of holes from the interior of the semiconductor to the sur-
face. This accelerates anodic dinnolution. The inoroatio In tho sattiration
current is higher on addition of I- ions than of C 02- ions to the solution.
2 4
This circumstance is due to partial reversibility of the reduction of
molecular iodine according to Gerisher and Beck's mechanism (Ref. 3: J.
Phys. Chem. (N. F.)t 131 389t 1957). There are 3 figures and 4 references:
2 Soviet-bloc and 2 non-Soviet-bloc. The two references to English-lanpguage
publications read as follows: Gerisher, Beek, J. Phys. Chem. (N. F.), 13,
389, 19571 Shockley, Bell, System Tech. J., 28, 435, 1949-
SUBMITTED: June 19, 1959
Card 2/2
14

S'/076/62/036/001/008'017
B 107/B110
AUTHOPS: Yefimov, Ye. A., and (Moscow)
TITLE: Study of the surface condition of anodically polarized
germanium in acid solutions
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, v. 36, no. 1, 1962, 98 - 102
TEXT: The surface condition of a germanium anode has been studied at a
current density of 10-5 to 10- 1 a/cm2 in 0.1 N H 2s04 at 200C. All the
experiments were made with polycrystalline, non-semiconductive, degenerate
germanium with an impurity concentration of nearly 0.01%. Preliminary
tests have shown that germanium of this type behaves in anodic dissolution
like p-type germanium. The charge curves were measured with an 3HO-1
(ENO-1) oscilloscope. The germanium electrode was anodically polarized
at different current densities for some time, whereupon the~j -Q curve was
2
recorded at a cathode current density of 10-5 a/cm . The germanium
electrode was etched in [P-4 (SR-4) before each experiment. In addition,
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S/076 62/036/001/0CP,/017
Study of the surface condition... MOM
its resistance and capacitance were determined between 60 and 5000 clis.
It has been found that an electrochemically adsorbed layer of oxygen is
formed on the germanium surface at a potential less than 0.38 v. The
)ayer has a thickness of about 2 - 13 oxygen atoms, Phich is independent
of the potential and of the time of polarization. A monomolecular 1-ayer ~,f
a defined compound of one germanium atom per oxygen atom starts formin,-
above 0.38 v. This monomolecular layer exhibits a high resistance anj
can be entirely dissolved cathodically. At 0.57 v and more, thick,
macroscopically detectable layers of GeO, the thickness of which gro-i-is
with the potential and with the duration of polarization, are formed on
the germanium surface. The oxide is not completely dissolved by cathodic
polarization. The potential required for the separation of' Oxygen on it
is higher than on pure germanium. There are 5 figures and 5 references:
1 Soviet and 4 non-Soviet. The two references to English-language
publications read as follows: D. Turner, J. Electrochem. Soc., 103, 21)-2,
1956; J. Law, P. Meigs, Semiconductor Surface Physics, N. Y., 583.
SUBIMITTED: April 6, 1960
Card 212

S/076j62/036/004/005/012
Oxidation of germanium surface BIOI/B110
of the Ge electrode after etching for 15 sec were measured, and also the
quantity of electricity (coulomb/cm2) required for removal of the oxygen
bound to the Ge surface after etching the sample for 5, 10, 15, 30 or
60 sec. Results: (a) on the germanium surfacet each of the etching agents
formed oxide films of a structure and composition specific to the etching
agentj (b) the most homogeneous film in formed by the H2 02 etching agent
no. 4; the charging curve of Ge treated with this etching agent shows a
clearly horizontal course for T - -0.3 v; (a) with the exception of the
etching agent no- 4, the specific effect of all etching agents is lost
after 1-4 hra exposure to air. The quantity of electticity necessary for
reducing-the oxide film_was 4-3010-3 after I hr exposure to air; 5-0-lo-3
after 2 hrs; and 5-8*1o 3 coulomb/cm2 after 4 hra, from which the formation
of GeO2, which is reduced at V-ej-0.2 v, may be inferred, this being in
good agreement with R. J. Archer (Js Slectrochems Soo.j 104-9 619# 1957)-
There are 4 figures and I tables
SUB14ITTED: : June!3o, ig6o
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5/076/62/036/004/0()5/012
Oxidation of germanium surface v9* Blol/B110
Fig. 1: Charging curves of Ge after 15 seo etching. (I)t (2)p (3)y (4)
and (5) etching agents seen in the body of the! abstract.
Legend: ordinate v; abscissa coulomb/cM2.
-47S-
Vs
-N 10 94ACHI
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