SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ZHELTUKHIN, D.V. - ZHELUDEV, I.S.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R002064710010-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 20, 2001
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SOV/129-58-12-8/12
AUTHORS; Ipatlyev, VOVO$.Professor (Deceased) and
~ Zheltukhin9',D*V*,,Rngineer

TITLE: - -Ni
eXiAS*UU---Or -ekeLIn Sulphurous Gas at Elevated
ftij~ei~atur'es (Okisleni e nikelle. v sernistom gaze pri
vysokikh temperaiurs.M.
~-FMODIOAL Metallovedeniye,i,Obrabotka Metallov
S, 9 19589 Rr 12,
-
pp 42 -~4 +-l~pl e~(USSR)
5 at
ABS RAM
T Little data has lished in literature on the
beewpub
nd its alloys with sulphurous gas
,..oxidation of ni ke 1, a
,
,
at eleyate& Itemperature&. Accardim.ttRkt ron
'Steel Inst.",:Vol 115, 1927'(Ref 1), the effect of sul-
phurous gas on pure nickel is strongly dependent on the
temperature. According to his opinion, nickel iS
intensively disruped~bg sulphurous gases at 800 the
effect is less at 990 C,and ceases almost completely at
0
0. The investigations of Hatfield were of a
11 000
comparative'nature and he did not consider the kinetics of
coxidation of nickel in sulphurous gas. In this paper,
the author presents the results of investigation of the
kinetics of toxidation of nickpl in sulphurous gas at
eloyaLted temperatures and also data on the phase and
chemical compositions of the scale. The oxidation speed
Cardl/3

MV/129-58-12-8/12
OX
idationl~of.Nickel in Sulphurous.Gas at Blevated Temperatures
was determined by~p6riodic weighing of the specimen
.,(99.?% Nil 0'.002% S) which.,was located in a pure sulphurous
-gas. The 1xidatio'n of the niskel was effected at the
temperatureabOO, 700 and 800 C, Figure 3 (plate) shows
microphotoe-.8f.the scale producea by oxidation at 600,
706-and 800 0 respectively. In Figura,4 (plate) an
"tion. picture obtained tr the case,
X-ray diffrac of
,oxidation of nickel in sulphurous gas at 700 0 is re-
produted. The following conclusions are arrived atl
eVX:14*1os& of nickel ~in sulphurous gas complies with the
pambolic law in the temperature range 600 to 800 0;
the constantof scale formation dependalto a considerable.
extea!'91.0.U the temperature and has a - maxi milm value - at
8001, the-speed of,!.`6xidation of nickel. in the sulphurous
gas, 16 than, its speed 'of ", oxidation in~
airv --;bhe.ticale.o*ptained'on.-Aicki3l in the case of an
''Of --.'Su4hiir6u s
o-spLeri gas consists of the two phases
HiO..and IUS;:~.apparently, oxidation of nickel in the
sulphurous gas proceeds in atcordance with the relation:
Mi +'902 2 A0 t Nis
Card2/3,

Abstract -. No abstract
Cardj/1

NRj AP 60 34 2 69
rc
I ?. ~0411:1,
16 Will$
ii; R. -if. Ila Rj=CH3; RS=H; XwCL:
Is R, C1
1b Rim R2,w CH.. Ilb Rj-Rj-CHj X=CI.
lie R,~CH3; RI=H; XmBri,
Ild R,-Rj-CHe.. X-Pt.
On boiling with.diluce sulfuric acid the dihalogen derivatives are coa-
''verted into the 3-ch,loro'darivatives 111a (mp 83-84% yield 512) and,
111b,. (mp ~67-08*G, :yield 45%):,
03
VOL
II11jiR,.CHJ; R,-H.,
~.On boiling-with --diluted'sulfuric acid the dibromo derivatives undergo
~transformation-into quinoline bases Us, (mp 56-59*C) and.lVb (mp 46 to
LC5rd 2 3

4
1 i :

1 : ,
iii 1 1
v I - ; :i I
I 1i I'll, - ;i .1, ~ -
4 5,
t A4

I ~l
oild".1 11 Ulltlf Nil' Mi -.1 ~: It,- ~

imi
~ .4, ~.ql " ,~, m

mv;--TVWIIIOVA
EVLIT4 Ch-e-le-b"""--- Kv Efe-nd
F-ttr w or I G BUZOVA V- Si
(transla.tor.;-VEHIDVI-A ans AR
lat
an I t
[translators GRIGORIYWj A..Po [tr 8 a or]; ZYRIN) A.A.
[traiisiaur' rvAgOVA-' R-.D.~Jtrans tor 1 IVPIIOV, S.N.[trans-
IAL I
LEV M2
Prini~ali,uchaqtiyes VAMI [trawlatorb
lator
MASHTAKOVA, 1901. [tra'ns3Ator);, GRUNIVA, E.A.0 red, izd-;Ya;
KUZ,IMI.Nl I.F*j tekh,n. redo
(A'travel book,(excerpto from the work of a 17th century-Turkiab.
traveler); trawlation mid ccumentery] Kniga puteshostviia (izvle-
cheiiia iz sochineniia turetskogo puteshestvenni" XVII veka);-.-pe-
rev Iod i komentArii. Moskvap Isd-vo, vo Istochnoi lit-ry. (Pamiiat-
niki literatur7 narodov Vostoka: Perevodyp no.6) Noil. [Moldavia
and,the,Ukraine] Zemli Moldavii i Ukrainy. .1961. 337 P.
(MIRA .14:12)
11 Vostocbmyy fakulltat Leningradskogo Gosudarstvennogo univer-
siteta. (for all except Kyamilevy Hashtakovas Gruninaj, Nuzlmin)*
2. Institut narodav Azii 'AN SSSR (for Kyamile* p Mashtakova)..
(Elviya).Efendi) ca. 1611- ca. 1682)
Moldavia-Description.and travel)
Mraine-Description-and travel)

~ I R 9 1

ACC Nai
e ys ev, u. W
iond:~ -Volga Branch' S-cientific,Reaeach' Institute of the Rubber Industry Mlzteki~
filial nauchno-isaledovatellskogo instituta rezinovoy promyshlennosti.)
TITLE:
-Study of the 'reinforcement of rubbers with various fibers
SOUHCE, ~Kauchuk i rezina, no.~12, 1966, 20-22
TOPIC TAGS. reinforced rubber*, filler,: natural rubber, synthetic fiber
ABSTRAM: :A study has,been made.of the'.reinforcement of rubbers with fibers and
of the effect of various fibers on the properties of rubber vulcanizates., The tu
was undertaken for the purpose of preparing substitutes for fab ri c-rein forced rubbers'
whore production technology.is of some:compltxity. The experiments were conducted
with natural, butadiene-styrene (SKS-30 ARM-101
nitrile,(BKN-26), or polychlorop
'(Writ) Arubbers,~ and with natural (flax, cotton) or synthetic (polycaprolactam,-L
dacron, viscose) 30 mm fiber strands. The adhesiumi of the synthetic fibers to the
rubbers "was improved by impregnation of, the fibers with adhesive componitiono#
Caprolactam fibers required. preliminary treatment with a 20% HaOlf solution at 75C,
Rubber-fiber mixtures vere-prepared on preheated mills* Other (unspeclfietil
ingredients were added under, the usual conditions. The mixtures,. contalning 100
parts rubber, 60 p4rts fiber- and in most instances, 30 parts carbon black, were
678.4/.7-.678,046.76
I C 1/2 C.

ACCRR, APT000913
-rA
vul
vulcanizedlat 143C for 40, min The properties of the vulcanizates with and without.,
carbon black were investigated, Carbon black did not improve the properties of
car
the
the vulcanizates, but carbon black of any type proved to be a necessary ingredient
Ireason unspecified). Fiber-and-carbon-black-reinforced vulcanizates had high
Ere
resistance to thermal aging and creep,*satisfactory elasticity, and high tear-
res
res
resistance. The.best reinforcing properties were exhibited by caprolactam fibers J
irpre.gnated with a mixture' of corboxylatedpolybutadiene (SKD-1) latex (dry Mtter.
content, 20%) and a 409 solution of resoreinol-formaldehyde resin., Heat treatment
of,Nairit vulcanizates yielded products with the following propeAies.- 'tensile
-strenSth, 500 kg/cm7; elongation 1,50%; residual elongation, 2%. It in concluded
thiii the good properties of fiber-and-carbon-black-reinforced vulcanizates are
favorable.to the expansion of their use In industry as eventual substitutes for
fabric -reinforced rubber product's -:such, as tires, conveyer belts or hoses. Orig.
art. has; 1 f igure and -tables#
.3
5 OTH FW., 001/ ATD PTM
COIS; 11 OTI SUBM DAM". 22Jul6 OkG Mii 001/
Card
2/2
7

IJ
1~

za
VSKAYA
Studying',the late.-gIdclal history. of the Baltic area on the basis
of diatomic and-palynolojle investlg&tiono of across section of
the*, LLkh+,a, trough. Dokl, AN SSSR 246 no.,6:1383-1385 0 162.
WRA 15:10)
IQ Predstavleno akvAeiuikom V*Nu Sukachevym.,
(lakhta region (laningrad Province)-Paleobotanyj Stratikraphic)

AYNEMER2 A.I.; ZUELUBOVSKAYA, N.Ya.; LIKHACHEVA, A.A.; SAPM60H, E.I.

USSR 0
Abs Jour Ref,Zhur Biologiyaj No 22j, 1958, No 99545
Author Zhelubovoks
Inst I.Aningrad ~Ikagogical Tastitute im.A.I.Gertoen,
Investi ti'
fthe Sysmozero Expedition of the Chair
e gm ons'O
of Zoology of f955- Parasitic Fauna of the Gastro In-
testinal Tmct" of the Ruff in take - Sysmozero'.
Crig Pub to Uch zap.Leningrogoo.ped.in-ta lm#A.I*Gertsena, 1958)
143 39~_399.
Abstract 25,ruffs from Iake Byamozero (Karelian AM) were investi-
gated@ Intestinal parasites were found In 13 fish. These
were Camallanus truncatump Acanthocophalus lucii,
Haphidascaris acus and pleurocercoides DiphyllobothriUM
latumi In all, 32 species of parasites were found in the.
ruffs of Symmo, Pmark of the reviever: Assignment
of pleuroceraoidee D, latum to parasites of the gastro-
intestinaltract Is incorrect# The title of the article
is inapproTriatee--O&N.Bauer.
Card 1/1

AUTHOR:, -------------- ------ -
Zhelubovskly, YuiS. SOV/10-56-5-8/28
TITLE; u any
Quaternary V`oYcanoei in Monj6lia (Chetvertichnyye v lk'
Mongolii).
PERIODICAL: ''Izvesti a,Akademii nauk SSSR Seriya geograficheakaya,
y
Nr 5,, Pp 50--~57 (USSR)
ABSTRAM A large area of Quaternary volcanoes exists in Central Asia.,
The article mentions existing literature on volcanoes in~the._'
Da
rizangs, and Khangay regions and presents a detailed de-
.
scription of such Quaternary volcanoes situated in these.
regions and other parts of eastern and south-eastern Mon-..
golia, based on investigations carried out by the author
from 1941 - 47- Quaternary volcanism can be assumed as a
-
continuation of volcanic activity in the Tertiary and Meso
,
-Asiatic volcanoes are no' do
zoic periods, Some Central
finitely extinct and it can be expected that they might
resume their activity because of an increased seismicity
:Card '1411

." t,-1
F. I'll IN i I ~.

gi,
fA I
soil
lib 0
16
DO
-As
llw~
its g
If
MEM.-M WO-111"WAIMM, lummillil 114111i i 1 31111

. t !
I
.; I

---- --- lit

............. .
kz-

-Opti6a JWt 52
USSR/Blectionies'-., Odtrw
HI
!'Reflection of Filamente eAd Other MetAllic Sur-
faces by an Emissive2lectron Microscope of
High Resolving Power," G. V. Spivak and I. S.
Zheludevj, ~Chair of.Electron Optics

,-"Vest Moskor U., Ser Piz i Yest Nauk" No 4.,
Mat
-,pp -31
Author. studies vith: ai& of emissive -electron
thi iigiation of thorium on the sur-
microscope
face of tungstem atid'observes the structure of
threw a
i o, metals melting point. Cam-

f the inetz"ment satis-
Siders, _the..pirfo e~ a

_~~A664iVedjW-U6 51
fe4to~
242T51

-1. "IM,

Ili

S kc~
/_ Phy :!r -Fiezoelectricity-- -
-UrCl/l_ !Pub i 13/

d i

h S

Zheludevy I
. . . . . .I tj
Ci
tation- of flex' al 'oscillations of metallic plates~ by means of
-polycrystallir,6 barium titanate
ieki6dical Zhur tekh Lf'~ 1467 1473, Aug 1954

Abstract StUd~ th

Describes ethodo~ C
aL M to y_ e
6:( 6x I ition -that Pnables one
Ono' of,,plat0i 'it nd membranes of various Vh8peS..._'
osc

-is- a so~_possible-,-,~O 'ob t a -in the-flex,irul oscillations Of
t
t _' fi6

bar um
-bim6rphid bariw~ I ite plates by exciting Lwo plates of I
here the direction of polorizati(in in the
titanate glued t
ogetherl
,
glued plates must.be opposite In sign, LThank A. V. Shubnikov,
Corr-Mem, Aced. Sci, USSR, for his guidance RLd also, 1. M. 8.
I'vestrova, , L: 1_. Bi.0giyevich, and V. F. Farvov for their~help. live
USS (B.. M' Vul.(discoverer of piezbelectric,barim
referencesi 5
titanate),- I~ M. Golldmahl 1945; G. A. Smuleni)kiy. N. VL. Kozhevnikoys;
1951;. A.Y. Hzlianov,-1949; V. P. Kunstantinuva, A. V. Shubiaikov.,
195i)
natitution

'S'ubmi.t,te
d
13 Juno, 1953

,~a r-j -
A'! t - - rw"
A , - , ~ - fi
t ,
TI., I
:92
f ~

---
L--~ - 1
zMUMKvt-I.S.
I if,
. 1. Nov research in piezoelectricity; meeting In the Institute of

L4 L~ V
G-2
Abs Jour
Ref Zhur Flzika, NO'll 1957 X-1 1512
Author Zheludev, 1.0
Inst Institute or taUography, Academy of Sciences USSR
Title Dielectric Ellipsoids and Dielectric-Cmatant Surfaces
Or.ig Pub Kristallografiya...lq%j 1, 40 1) 105 -111
Abstract The authcr proposes a methoi ~for the. analvais of the polarization of an-
isotropic media and a method for interpretation of the dielectric constant
tensors( E_), sV--table for dielectrics in vhich.the el,46ctric field intensity
(E) and the p,)larizaticn (P) are linearly related. The geometric interpre-
tation ofthe temor F_ and of its.reciprocal tensor lead to the Fresnel ellip-
soid and to the ellIpsoi& of the indices. By characterizing the anisotropic
dielectric with the aid of these el-Upsoiks, it Is possible, given one of the
specifi eed vectors , (D. E or F) to determine graphically the other tvo. In anal-
ogy vith optics, the author intreduces the concept of the radial (in the d:L-'
rection of the. specified vector 9) and notmal (in the direction of the speci,-
fied vect:;r D) -mlued'of ES. A matbad is,given for plotting their surfaces.
In the~case of an anis:,trepic boAy the Esurfaces are doubled surfaces. The
iA#h6&f;6n9ide0r,4, lor, the,-,'1i~teryrjtdt1,ojm of --the eae Polarizat, OL,-Lcw
eliAo -01 r_-phen' cmM --_d~scriba le by symetrical tensors of the,
s;c

I I I Z, I j -I b to, 14,0-' i ~
I ~ -, 4

SIVIKOp7lRag
7~z
........ . . . . .
WES
e-7
c
tfWlie
tric Fields -by I. B. Zheludev and R. Ya. B itute
it
ko, Inat
Crystallogrc
LAY) AcaGmY Of-Science$~~, ~GtillograMA,
lp No 6) Nov/Dec 56, pp,689-691
.2 On. the, basis of individual:frames the behav T.KK
of motion pictures,
e domains of Seignette s 1t in alternating electric fields vithl''~!`,_
lit, 6
_t~tia l Eprad i-ent - of 50
~uomains in,'a.Lter.Ua'tlng.7rieldg~:vtis;:Lnvestigated.

G-3

I
i , Tle.. .
t1 It .

V~ Z -S,
USSR Electricity
Abe; Jour Ref Zhur Fizika, No 4.,~1957.- no 9653
Author ~Zheludev., I.S..1 Turin, V.A4
Inst :'7Mstitute or Crystallography, Academy of Sciences USSR
Title Certain Physical Properties of Rochelle Salt Crystals Sub-
jected to Radioactive Radiation.
drig Pub Izv# AN SWI ser. fiz., 1956, 209 No 2p 21i-a4
Abstract An anomalous -larization P was observed in an X-cut of Ro-
chelle Bait (:I measuring 20 x.10 x 1.5 = after expocure"by
means of a Co ~J compound (irradiation dose amounted to appm-
ximately 105 roentgen/hour).' As the time of exposure in-
creased the curve of the,hysteresis narrows dawn at small
values of field intensity up to the formation of sections
with linear polarization. After prolonged exposure, I po-
larizes like a linear dielectric. An investigation was
made of the influence of a dc bias field E on the shape of.
Card

USSR [Electricity
Abs Jour Ref 21ur Fizika.,~ No 4Y 1957)~ No 9653
Abstract the anomalous hysteresis loop. Increasing E deforms one
of the branches of the loops until,it vanishes fully at E
~Ea'(4is.the amplitude value of the alternating field).
Further increase in E distorts the second branch of the hys-
teresis loop. "When Z;;:~ Ea the dependence of,P on E becomes
I Tie r. It was established that the domain structure of ir-
radiat~a I is retained even at large exposure times. Prolon-
ged exposure produces a large number of damages to the crys.
talline structure of I,-but does not change the value of-the
p piezo-constant. It is proposed that the anomalous polariza,
tion. of 11 subjected to exposure, is due to the damage of a
portion of.the molecules of I~ to a loss of the spontaneous
P n" ~~+_ ^,P O:vv%-+.4^n M-P +ha ^0110 +n +hA2

AUTHOR: Zheludev, I.S. 70-2-2/24
TITLE: The symmetry.of scalars, vectors and tensors of the,
second- rank.. . (Simmetriya skalyarov, vektorov i tenzorov
vtorogo ranga),
PERIODICAL: "Kristallografink" (Crystallography), 1957 Vol-29
No.2, pp. 207-216 (U'S.9.R.)
ABSTRACT: The symmetry of tensors up to the second rank can be
represented geometrically by the point group notation. Com-
binations of two different.types of tensor may give a symmetry
different,from either. The 17,groups found werez.
scalar oo/oo.m ; pseudoscalar ooo/6p; polar vector c0 m
axial vector oo:m ; polartensor m.oo:m and m.2:m ; axial
Oo :2 , 2; 2 and i 4.m ;combination of polar tensor and
axial vector 2:m and combination of axial tensor and
polar vector Oo, 21 1, 2.m-and m -, combination of axial tensor
and axial vector 4
Card. 1/1. Aolmowledgments to Acad. A-V, Shubaikov. Thnre aie 3 33aViG
referencesp 1 figure and 4 tables*
'ASSOCIATION: Institute of Crystallography, Ac.Sc.U.SSR.
(Institut Kristallografti AN SSSR)
SUBMITTED:: January 21S 195?.
Library OfLCongress

AUTHORt Zheludev IeS. 70-3-3/20
TITLE s The - -symmet Of homo, "Ous.continuous isotropie.media in
,:n
e
tensor, veloor and a Jar fields. (Simmetriya odnorodnykh
nepreryvnykh izotroynykh sred v tenzo=;ylchg vakt;ornykh i
skalyarnykh polyakh),-.
''PERIODIGALs I'Kristfillogrgf~jall (Crystallography), 1957,
Vol'o 2 No PP 0 3~4 - 339
ABSTRACTs In describing.a number otphysioal: henomena in crystals
there is no.neceaBity to considir their lattic"O structipo ando
in suoh.oases the cgrstal can be considered as a unifoft
a mehum. In addition to crystalline substance
e out inu ou at
there~ are numerous amo ous substances which do not have a
lattice Structure (Pa in, resins I etc); of the various
amorphous media,.the Uthor Oonsidemonly those which are
microscopically isotropic in--the absence of external forces.
In. this paperp the author determines seventeen point groFps,
of symmetry of homopmous, continuous isotropic media wbich
are obtained for the case *hen they are in the fields deser'-
ibed bry palar and axial tensors of the second order. In the
here desci~lbed sense# continuous isotropic media can-be solidt
liquid, or faseoush
There are f i-~zzo 1 table and 3 Slavic refe xences

elli~w ;f V1 'mtl Ito,,
AUTHORS: Zholudev, I.S.~and Fridkin, V.M. 70-5-28/31
TITLE: On Two Limiting Point Symmetry Groups of Polycrystalline
Blectrets (0 dvukh,predel1nykh tochechnykh gru akh
simmetrii, pol ikris tall iche skikh, f otoelektretov5p
PERIODICAL: Kristallogrefiya, 1957, Vol-2, Vo.5, pp. 705-706 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A polyarystalline electret specimen of sulphur bas
earlier been shown to have the symmetry group 0o.m (Fridkin
-Kristallografiya, Vol.1, 557, 1956). A mixture of asphalt ;7n&
NaCl-dusts have:been used for developing the charge pat-tern on
the surfaces of theelectrets as by friction the former becomes
-positively charged and the latter negatively. A specimen with
the symmetry group_..m.()d -.m. has now been produced. A layer
of polyerystalline.sulphur 50,A thick was evaporated on to an
Al plate in vacuo and was then pglarised by a field of 5 kV/C:m
And illuminated at 5 x 10-1 W/cm it was then overlaid with a
metallic raster with a pattern of 0.9 mm diameter holes,.,
polarised in the reverse direction and*illuminated at tie same
intensity for the same time (4,minuteB). On dusting with the
asphalt and salt powder a pattern became apparent showing a:
Pattern with a non-polar texture of symmetry m.oom. The salt
settled on the parts which had been exposed through the holes and
Uardl/2 the asphalt on, the remainder. This texture is non-piezo-electric-

On Two Limiting Point Symmetry Groups of Polycrystalline Electrets
non-pYroelectric in contrast to the former with point
group 00-m This experiment could be the basis of a two-
colour.system of electro-photography or xerography. only
the dusting method will show the charge distribution as the
total charge on each surface is zero. Acknowlbdgments to
Academician A V. Shubnikov.
There are
1 figure and 3 Slavic references.
.':,ASSOCIATION: Institute.of Crystallography Ac.5c. U35R.
(Institut Kristallografii AN SSSR)
SUBMITTED: Mav 19. 1999.

r- r
.AUTHOR: Zheludev, I.S. 70-6-4/12
..,TITLE:. Thd oin ymmetry Groups of Crystals and their Physical
Interpretation (Tochechny5egruppy simmetrii kristallov
i ikh fizicheskaya interpretatsiya)
MIODICAL: Kristallografiya,~1957, Vol.2, Vo-6, pp. 728 - ?33
(USSR).
ABSTRACT: It is shown that the,32 crystallographic point groups can
be obtained by scalar,.vector and tensor operations on a cube.
The hypothesis is put forward that to the different groups
obtained in this way but havingthe same symmetry there corres-
pond.differences in the properties of crystals belonging to.one
and the same symmetry group. An earlier attempt has been made
to deduce the point groups from a representation of the geo-
metrical connections between physical properties (Kristallogra-,
fiya, Vol.2, P-3341 1957)- In polar and axial tensor fields of
the second rank isotropic,media were shown to belong to one of
1? point symmetry groups:- 00/04m; 00/00; m.v;m W m
tP. 2 ob . m. m m. 2: 2: 2 2;.m
1 Various mechanical forces such as coinpression, twisting,~
etc. may produce fields of these symmetries. The 32 point
Cardl/2 groups can all be produced by the methods used previously but
.14
"11 !'i

xivbiutil
The Point Symmetry uroups o-t urysza.La ana -une.Lr
Interpretation..
by applying various kinds.of field to acube. For example, a
"uniform compression, having the symmetry 00/bo.m leaves -te
=try of the cube ii-naffected. A uniform twisting of symmetry
-leads to a new group 3/4. Extending the cube (symmetry
m 0o:m) along the 4-fold axis produces the group m.4:m. Thus
M action of a polar tensor along various axes of the cube
produces the groups 9/4, m.4:m, m.21m, 9.m, 2:m, Iff and
~m.G:m. Twisting ksymmetry tw.2) gives the additional groups
4;21 2;2, 3;21 29 1 Two perpendicular twists give the group
4-m. A polar tensor (symmetry oo.m) gives the groups 4,m
2 m ; 3.m ; m ; 1 . The simultaneous application of a polar
v;ctor and an axial:tensor give further groups making up te 32-
The same group's) may.be obtainable by several different processes
and will explain the differences in the physical properties of
crystals which have the same point group. Acknowledgments to
Academician A.V. Shubnikov. There are 6 figures and 8 referenceg,
of which are Slavic.
-Institute ofOrystallography Ac.Sc. USSR.
(Institut Kristallografii AN SSSR)
MMITTED: ''August 7, 1957.
A
-EarW/Ly: Library -of, Congress.

AUTHORSx. Zholu
dov, I.S. and Shuvalov, L#A~
-
. ........................... . .................
TITLEs~ Domain Orientation and Macrosymmetry of Properties
of Forroolootric Monocrystalo (Orientaisiya domenov
I makrosizdmetriya si6yetv segnotoolektriche,skikh
monokristallov)
PERIODICALs Jzvestiya Akademii HauX SSSR, Vol. M, #2g_ pp .264-
274, 1957, USSR Seriya fislebse1ca3m

ABSTRAGT; All fe ro
r electric crystals can be classified into
two.groupst electrically uni-axial.and electrically
multi-axial. Theel6etrically
,uni-axial crystals can
.
have o9ly "longitudinal inversion", i.e.f displacement
1setTically multi-axial
of 180 domain borders, E
.
crystals can have, in addition to the iongitudinal
inversion., also traneverso inversion, and some type
of multi-axtal crystals have several different,
transverse Inversions as,well-aff peveral longitudinal.
The domain atruoturef its behavior and a Beries,of
the most important properties of ferroolectric mono-
crystals essentially depend upon the crystal type
Card 1/4 and its number of spontaneous polarioation axes.
a

It t W" RPF MMM I't,
TITLE: Domain Orientation and Macrosymmstry of Properties
of Ferroelectric Monocrystale (Oriontatigiya doxonov
i makrooimmetriya avoyertr sagnitoolektrichoukik-h
monokristallov)
This number is determined,by'tito.ey=atry--t-ype of the,
initial. non-ferroeleotrlo~-etate.,
'The conclusion is that the domain orientation and the
general cha3acter of the do-main''s'truoture art determined
bylhe,symmotry of a crystal in its initial non- ferro-
electric. phase and by the direction of the initial
phase along which the apontanebuer polarization in the
f*rroolectrio phaec"iBese
The regulated orientation of domains along one or
several axes of spontaneou&.I~oel&iriiat ,ion leads to the
fact that a polydomain crystal becomes'a polysynthetic
twin. The elements of twinning are symmetry elements
which the orystal pasat'ssed in,the initial non-forro-
ell, and 4hich ar*,Iost during the transition
Card 2/4 into;thq,f4*r**l*otrio p4ase.

- -------- --
TITLE t Domain OriAntUtion and Macroeymmetry of Properties
of Forroolectrio Monooryetals (orientatiaiya domenov
I' makrosimmetri7u-uvvyotv-segnotoolektricheakikh--
monokristallov)
In.view of the determining role of the initial symmetry,
it is posvib.1's to establish all possible forroolootric
phase transitions for all-crystal classes. The known
forroolectric phase transitions are accompanied by
changes, of crystal- symmetrr and- trairsitionEr Imto- anothwr
~oryBtallogTaphio class,- shown-in-Table, I.:
It can be stated that each forroolectric phase transition
is accompanied by Rpiontaneous deformation, at the
boundaries ofths forrooleo.trio.region which leads to
a change In the crystal symmet The reason of this
7o'
deformation is piezooffect and r-olectToet-riction in
connection-. wiW spon-tantrous -polari,~zation,
Af to r analysis. of all.trystal ogra hic classes, the
P'
possible forroslectric, phase,tranvitions were compiled
as shown in Table ~ of.ths article. All known transitions
are in accordance with Table 2. The table enables oho
to'-determine i'the number of all possible forroolootric
Card 3/4 phases$

TITLE Domain Orientation and Maorosymmetr
Of F
f
orroalectric 'y O
Properties
Ifonocrystals (brientatii
i
mak
.
rosimm9triya avoystve~gnatoele Ya domenov
ktrich
k-
monokri
t
es
s
1kh
allov)
_*_p4otographic recording of phase transitio
'
BaTio '
no in
carried out b
~of thh,IrProperties I Y the author (12.) and investigation
hav
e confirmed th
larities ~of . domai
e general regu-
I
n orienta,tions- . a,nd
i
n polyd
their boundaries
omain fe
''
rrO8l*OtTi0
monoorystaI61k, as,
In thi
a article. stated
2 figures and 2 tables'are
lists 12 -giv-en. The bibliography
reference

S
IN TITUTION, s, 7 of which are S1,1vic (Russian).
InsituI
tut0lbf C
rystallog
Sciences raphY of,the uSSR Academy of
PRESENTED Byt
BUBIIITTBD:,.: No date,
AVAILABLE f
-
-At the
Library of Congress

-~Gard 4/4 ,

AUTHORSs Zheludsvp 1.3, and Sitlkoj,~k.Ya.
TITLEs Character of Change in the Domain Structure of~
Seignette's Salt in Alternate Elso Fields (Kharaktsr
izmeneriiya domennoy struktury segneto*oy soli v
'peremennykhelectrichalkikh pqlyakh).
PERIODICAM Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol. XX1j #2, pp,286-
288P 1957, USSRy Seriya fizicheakma
LBSTRACTs In order to clear up the role of domains in the!
process of ro-polarization of fervoolectriosp the
domain structure of Saignatte's salt was filped at
frequencies of 32 and 1,000 hertz at various
field applied. The filming
intensities of the elec
.
method used was the conventional one with stroboscopic
il-lumination.
The photos:showp in the article picture the change
of domain structure at a frequency of 32 hertz ind
voltages of 36 and 56 v/cm and a frequency of 1#000
Card 1/2 hertz and voltages of 56 and 76,v/cm.

TITLEt Character of Change in the Domain Structure of
Ssign*ttels Salt in Alternate Slec Fields (Kharakter
izmenehiya domenno.1- struktury sagn:tovoy-soli v
'perem*nnykh *1sotrioheskikh Wlyak
The most important conclusion drawn from them* photos
is the fact that the domain structure appears dff-,',.'
f*rent at equal field voltages,depanding.upon whether
this field voltage is arrived at by increasing or
decreasing t4e field intsneAy.' This phenomenon.is
a manifestation of hysieresis-ofdomain structure
changes during application~of else fields.
The hysteresis of domain re-orientation is more
clearly expressed with iudrease in field intensity.
2 photos are given. I Russian reference is listed.
'INSTITUTION: Inatitute of Crystallography of the USSR Academy-of,
Sciences
''PRESENTED BYs
BUBMITTEDi ..No dats
AVAILABLEs At'the-Library of Congress
Card 2/2'

ludev, I.S.
AUTHORS: erkovic et 0 7 32-12-26/71
TITLEI ble Mlcrosoope or the Determi-
Use of Lj=Ik Dou
nation or the ttei'mot'.on Index of Baritua-Titatiate (Primeneniye
dvoynogo mikroskopa Linnika d1ya opredeleniya pokazatelya
prelomleniya. titanata bariya)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratorlya, 1957, Vol@- 23, N r 121 spp. 1456-1458 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the introduction the authors may that 2uoh.aeterminations present
difficulties in the case of high refraction indices. This Is the oase
with BaT'03, because its.'bry3tal have a refraPtion index which
is near to 2.5. The attempt was therefore made in this work to em-,
ploy a method already vivrked out LRef. ~j for measuring thin, tmns-
parent.plates, laquer coatings, eto. at a certain refraction index
%vith respect to BaT'03 with a corresponding thickness of the plate
of the monoorystal. A similar application has already beenput into
practice CRef.37J , which differs from the refractometric method only
by the fact that in that case the angle formed.by the beam and the
surface is always 450. In this case the "UtIC-11" double microscope
TAIS used. In the course of calculation the conclusion is arrived at
Card 1/2 that for BaT'03 crystals only an average refraction index 'can be de-

'Use of Zdnnik ouble MicroscopE 32-12-26/71
f6r the Determination of the Refraction Index of
Barium-Titanate
terminea by this method. In the further course of this work the
following new method is suggested: Suitable BaTiO3 crystals with
.:straight parallel surfaces are selected and measured by means of a
micrometer. They are placed upon a aharp-edgea well-ground plate in
such a manner that they protrude somewhat beyond its edge. On these
of their parts they are ineasured by tnean3 of the double microscope
With adjustable slite-constructed by the-Institute for Machine Science.
AN USSR [Ref A'mea3uring accuracy of I + 0,5 N or 4,7(,11, Is
attained. IOX mioroobjeotives with A=0,14 and-an ocular micrometer
~,"AM9-2,15X- is used for this purpose. (Results are given In a table).
If oi7stals are suitably selected, this method makes it possible to
attain the most accurate result*. In general, the possible error
amounts to, 2%. There are 2 tables, and. 5 Slavic references.
ASSOCIATIOM Inztitute for Machine Science MIT USSR 6nd Institute for Orygtallog-
raphy AN USSR (Institut mashinovedeniya Akademil nauk- SSSR I
Institut kristallografii Akademii nrauk SSSR).
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Pard 212 1. Barrium. titanate-Refraction index 2. Double microscope-
Application

I
T
d
AUTHORS: .p Zholu
Fridkin, V. II
., Kaahukeyev, H.
ev,
TITLE: On Lho, Theory of -Photoeleotr6ts (K teorii fotoelektrotov.).
PERINDICAL: Doklady All SSSRt .1957o,VO14 117P Nr 5t PP, 004 007 (USSR)
ABSTRACTt The pre8ent paper investigates the explanation of some data ob-
tairied at an.examination of photoelectrets, At the outeett the
kinetic equations, for the replenishing of the adhesion levels
(urovni prilipaniya) by electrons are given. The problem reduces
to the determination of the dependence or the conoentratinn 11 of
the electronq.in the.adheuion levels on time. Ifthe initial va-
lues assumed here are satisfied, the following solution is ob-
tained for the' kinetic equationes H -It (I - e-82M)O No - 81/82
denoting the concentration of-electrone In the steady state, a
and s2 coefficients, which are dependent upon the absorption ol
light and on the'quantum yield.-and E denoting the intensity of
light. This solution was here determined for the case, that only
an insignificant part of the free levels is filled up by electrons
by polarioation, The expression given,here for the dependence on
time of the density of concentration of electrons on the adhesion
a -d the saturation effect discovered by V. M.Fridkin
levbls des ribc
.(reference 7)-Acciording tothe experimental curves given hare the
formula given above'describee the exponential character of the do-,
pendence of the charge of the photoeleotret on the intenuity of
Card-1/2 illumination and on the duration of polarisation quite satisfact-

.,On the Theory of Photoolootrets.
orily. Besides, the.rule.of interchangepbility is satisfied in
the Pase of theproduction of the photooleatret. Therefore,the
charge of thephoto electrete in a functIon of the product B. t at
an arbitrary duration of polarisation Vand at an arbitrary in-
tensity of illumination E. With the help of the curves attached
to the paper thin rale of mutual replaceability was vorified for
a sulphur monoorys'tal, Thia rule is complied with at every in-
tensity of illuminationemployed. for the polarisation of the
sulphur monoorystal.The theoretical deduction and the experimen-
tal verification of the rule of mutuality in photoelectrets are
quite independently of intereit. The saturation effect mentioned
above occurring at the investi#ation of the dependence of the
charge on'the duration,of polarisation and on the intensity of
illumination may be explained by the fact, that only an insigni-
ficant part or the freelovele is filled up by electrons. This is
verified by the experimental investigation of the dependence of
the charge of the photoelectret on the intensity of the piariaing
field.If the temperature effect is taken into considerationothe
rule of interchangeability no longer holds.There are 4 figures,
11 references, Io of which are Slavic.
PRESENTED: _July27, 1957, by A. V.,Shubnikov, Academician
SUBMITTEDv
July 27,.1957
ard V2,

1. --C:

t

AUTHORS:- Zheludev,, -I.S.. and Fridkin, V.M. .?0-3-2-8/26
:T~TIE: On MrnTsnTrpy of the Polarisation of Photoelectrets
n
i 'Monocrystals of Sulphur (Ot anizotropii polyarizatsii
fotoelektretov iz monokristallov sery)
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1958, Vol 3, Nr 2, pp 182 185
(USSR
ABSTRACT: The charges of photoelectrets produced in single
crystals of sulphVw bypolarisation in cLifferent crystallographic
directions have been measured. It was earlier assumed that
these crystals were orthorhombic but they are now shown to have
been monoclinic, The observed anisotropy in the polarisation
of the~photoeleotrets is determined by the anisotropy in-the
photo-conduction of the single crystal of sulphur. The
measurement of the-chargesof photoelectrets can.serve as a
very convenient method of studying the anisotropy of.the ph6to-'.
conductivity..
A cube, with edges about 6 mm, was cut from a aingle crystal
of sulphur-and polished. Superficially, the crystal was ortho-
rhombic and the cube faceswere out perpendicular to -the 2-fold
axis. The-faces 001. and 001 were perpendicular to the acute
bisectrix; 100 and.
TOO-were perpendicular to the obtuse
Cardl/4 bisectrix and 010 and 010 were parallel to the optic a3cial

70-3-2-8/26
Anisotropy of the Polarisation of Photoelectrtts inMono-
crystals of Bulphur-.
plane. -The cube was,polarised for 10 #nutes,in a field of
700 V/pm and in n ill ination of 10
a um WIce. This was
repeated in each.of the 6 cube axis directions and the electret
cha~rges were measured by meastwing the change in charge when,
under continued illuminatioy the electrets were de-polarised.
The.,alues foignd were (x 10- 0 COU104/CM4); 010, 95; 010, 60;
1009 1.50;. 100, 1.47; 001, 44; 001, 20 To eliminate the
effects of.cracks, the above measurements were repeated with
three other speeimens.~ To eliminate the effects of anisotropy
in the light absorption the chgrges were re-measured with Nad--
jakoff's volume method (Izv Bulg. Akad. fiauk. Ser.Fiz, Vol 2,
pp.321-337, 1951). Onoof ;he specimens was piaced between
the-plates of'a,candenser, one of the plates of which was
fixed and connected to the needle of an electrometer and the
other plate (the lower) was earthed and bleing movable could be
lowered a known distance. As a result of the motion of the
lower electrode with the eleetret the needle of the eleetro-
meter was deflected-and the surface charge of the photoolectret
could be measured. The condenser was.constructed so that the
specimen could be illuminated during polarisation in a direction
Card2/4

70-3-2-8/26
On the Anisotropy of the Polarisation of Photoeleetrets in Mono-
crystals,of Sulphur
perpendicular to that in which it.-was being polarised.
Hence, for eaeh'direction of polarisation there were two
independent directions in which the crystal could be illum-
inated. Specimens were polpLrised with 1-3 kV/em for 10 min.
with an illumination of 10-"t W/ci2 The values for the
charge density (in Coulombs x 10-10 per cm2) were as follows:,.
indices of-illuminated~face first, then direction pf polari-
sation then charge density) 001 010 28; 001 * 010 18;
0101~010, 31; 0101 610 19; OR, 166, 40; OR, i6b, 38;
100~ 100, 4' ~ 100 -To 5t
Q~ 39; 100s 001, 12; '1001 001
0019 12; 010 001, 5. it is apparent that the charge
density depends oay on the direction of the polarising field.
and not on the density of the incident illumination. Hence,,
the anisotropy must be due to the anisotropy of photo-
conductivity. It is.then found by Rgumann's principle, that,
the,crystal class must be m (moaoclinic) with the plane of'
symmetry perpendicular to the obtuse bisectrix. Acknowledg
ments*to Academician Shubnikov. There are 2 tables and
6 references, 5 of which are Soviet and 1 German.
'Card 3/4

AUTHORS: hall v -I.S. and Fotchenkov, A.A. 70-3-3-9/36
TI~qg:, The Blectrostriction of Linear Dielectrics (Elektrostriktsiya
lineynykh dielektrikov)
PERIODICAL: ~Xristallografiya, 1958, Vol.3, Hr 3, PP 08 314
MSR).
ABSTRACT:. Four possible equations for the electrostriction of
linear dielectrics~are derived and lead to the examination
of the new coefficients Rijmn, Gijjnn . written 0 erroneously
in one place) and H- By the method of linearisation of
ijmn
electrostriction.the electrostriction coefficients R were
ijmn
Teasured-for eskapon (GASH), NaC1 and Z-cut quartz. In a non-
piezo-electric dielectric the equations used are
rij Qijmndmdn: A :t ij HijmnEmEn =0
ij=0 /r ij
r -Rijm.JmEn /tii-O and t G dmd
ij ij 7 ijmn n /r
ij =0
dm ~is the induced electric induction$ Em isthe electric
Card 1/3

The Bleetrostrietion of Linear Dielectri-cs 70-3-3-9/36
field, r. themechanical deformation and t the.mechan-
:ij ij
ical stress. H, R and G, can be expressed as derivatives,
EM
as: etc,
;Bt ~Dd
n
'Relations can,also be.found.between the various electrostriction
coefficients in terms of for example the dielectric suscep-
tibility.measured.at constant Btz9as, compliance -for constant
E.,and D efc. - The electrostriction tensor has 21 components
and Lavalls theory is not applied here. The notation is conr
densed by denoting BjEl by 11, etc. by
C_ ; F-4
B F 3 by E This tensor is quite analogous
3 1*:by 5 331~2 6
to the compliance.tenso.r sij The apparatus used for
measurements has been described (Kristallografiya, 1957, Vol 2,
N-r 53 pp r553 - 65?) and works on the principle of modulation
nterferometr7 permitting the measurement of displacements to
L05A.
-14
Card2/3FOr Z-cut quartz R was found to be (0-1 0.05) x 10 c9su.
33

- -- -- . -- . - - . . - -1 ~ - ~ -1 fM

----------
~'AUTHORS: -Zheludev. I.S; and yridkint V.M. 70-3-3-10/36
TITIZ: The Piezo-electric Effect in Photo-electrets (Plyezo-
'elektricheskiy effekt v fotoelektretakh
PERIODICAL. 321
Kristall6Srafiya, 1958, Vol 3. Hr 3, PP 315
(USSR).
ABSTRACT: Piezo-eleatric effects in photo-electrets have been
:dete-.ted and measured The cha;rges and the piezoelectric
moduli:of a photo-pol;rised crystal of anthracene have been
measured and the decay of the charge and the d modulus
33
during de-polarisation in the darkhave been followed. The
can be completely explained by the changes in the
electric polarisation as a result of the changes ih the
geometrical dimensions of the sper-imen on mechanical strain.
When the crystal becomes a photoelectret, its symmetry drops
to become one of the sub-groups of (~Y>.m The case of crystals
of Class 2 is, examined. Here,'the piezo-electrie moduli
d d d d and d "are.non-zero
15 d24v 25 t:, d317d
141 1 321 33 36
and relate the polarisation vector I to the strain tensor
ik' 'Sik are the elastic moduli and riic is the deformation
tensor. 8 is the charge.density on the surface of,the
Cardl/2'-photoelectret. For a cube polarised parallel to its X
3

AUTHORS: Belyayev, L.M., Belikova, G.S., kridkin, V.M. and
.: Zheludev.
TITLE: ' On the Question of the Electret State in Naphthalen'
e
(K voprosu ob~elektretnom sostoyanii v naftaline)
PE.RIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1958, Vol 3, Nr 6, pp 762-763 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Baldus (Z. Angew.Phys., 1954, Vol 6, p 481) reported
observing, the.transformation of hetero-charging'in a
naphthalene elect~ret into homo-charging. This-result
work.and:experiments were carried out
to clarify the situation. Liquid naphthalene was allowed
to set in.an electric field betweentyD Al plates 5 am,
a part-, The field of 4kV/cm was applied for 90.minutes.
] T he n aphthalene plate was removed from the condenser and
tested with'a dynamic electrometer. Heterocharging was
lound. Discharging by:illumination was then-tried.
Integratio,n:ofothe discharge current gave an initial

, 2
charge of.10: coulomb/cm . Repeated illumination gave,
no further discharge current. Hence the heterocharging
' is conditioned by'localised electrons. Plates cut from
single crystals of naphthalene were then tried. They
Cardl/2 were'subjected to a field of 3 kV/cm for 10 min with U/V

AUTHORS: Zheludev,-I. -S., Pridkin, V. M. 48-22-3-28/30
--------------------
TITLE: On the Photoelectret and Thermoolectret State in Sulfur
gonoorystals (0 fotoelsktretnom i termoelektretnom
sostoyaniyakh v monokristallakh eery)
-.PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR,Seriya Fizicheskayat 1958,
Vol., 22, Nr 3, pp. 352-358 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors investigated the dependence of the charge ofthe
photoelectret on the conditions of its polarization as well
asthe duration of existence of the residual polarization in
the monocrystails of sulfur. They investigated the dependence
of the depolarization velocity on the temperature and intro-,
duced the.conception 6f a thermoelectret state, The duration
of existence of the inner polarization was investigated in
the monocrystalline and polycrystalline sulfux. A depolarl-
zation ought to'be carried out after a aufficiently long
period for the determination of the amount of photopolarization
of the polyorystalline sulfur with a short-time illumination
during the polarization process (ref, 2). The dark polarization
disappears completely during this period and the photo-
Car& I/ polarization is preserved. Nevertheless, this method seems to

_-Mi'A LwA_ -.1-- __.-______'_..______
o Oe ret and Thermoelectret State in Sulfur 48-22-3-28/30
Monocrystals
be unfit with the polarization of the Vulfur crystals since
thetotal residual polarization drops to zero in this case,
From the comparison of the curves (figs. 4 and 2) it may be
concluded thatIthe law of mutual substitution in the crystal
is not-oomplied,with,with the formation of an inner
polarization..This signifies that with one and the'same E.T-
-value the amount of the residual polarization depends on
the duration of illumination. The velocity of depolarization
of the sulfur-monoorystal was investigated at different
temperatures., The depolarization-curves of the photoelectret
which were determinedg are analogous to the depolarization
curves of the thermo-electrets in the oase of simultaneous
illumination and heating (e.g. refa 5). The photoelectret
state of the sample is also thermoelectret at the same time
under the conditions described) since the illumination of the
photoelectret at low temperatures leads only to a partial
discharge.-A complete depolarization only takes place at an
increase in t temperature up to the temperature prevailing
at its polarization. This state of the sulfur-aample is at,
Card 2/4 the same time also thermoolectret, since a simultaneous

- ---------

'On the,Photoelectret and Thermoelectret State in Sulfur 0-
22-3-28/30
Monocrystals
hea ing, and Illuminat nis required for,the co lete'de__
io ml
..polarization.:'-This state can consequently be denoted,,*'as thermo-
The thermo-photo-eleatret atate"in the sulfur-
-photo-eleotret,
-monocrystal is apparently caused on the one hand by the
levels and on the other
fastening of the ions on some local
,
-of a thermal barriers This barrier
hand by the presence,.
separates the lavel of OXCitatiOA from the zone of conductivity.
The mechanism
whioh was proposed for the explanation ofthe
,
temperature-dependence of the.photo-conduotivity in alkaline-
-halogen crystals (ref 7), is apparently able to explain the
thermo-photoelectret effect and consequently also the
formation of the maximum of transition of the discharge-
-current duringthe depolarization process of the photo-
~eleotrets with simultaneous illumination and heating.The
authors thank A. V. Shubuikov, Member, Academy of Sciences,
and G. Hazhdakov, Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
forthe disouseion'*f the work-resulte as well as Yus No
Martyshev and A& L Delovaya for their aspistance in'earrying
out the measurements. There are 5 figilres and 7 references,
Card V 4~of which are Soviets

- - - - - ------ ----------
AlUTHORS: Zheludev, 1. S., Sonin, A. S. SOV/48-22-12-7/33
TITLE: On the Queation,of the Search for Now Piezoelectrics (K voprosu.
o poiske n
ovykh'segnetoelektrikov
PERIODICAL. Izvestiya Akademii'nauk SSSR. Sariya fizicheakaya, 1958p
Vol.'22, lir 12, PP 1441 -,1444.(tTS3R)
ABSTRACT: The search for.new materials possessing piezoelectric propertiles
is of topical interest for both science and technique..New
piezoelectrice,can only be found on the basis of essential
characteristics marking the-formation conditions of spontaneous
polarization in the crystal. These characteristics are
ascertained basing on the analysis of characteristic properties
of known piezoolectrics. Th6~existence of a domain atruicture
can.be considered as an.essential characteristic feature. The
phase tr,ansitions~of the first or second type stre also an
important characteristic of piezoelectric properties. Piezo-
electrics of the oxygen-octahedron type and those containing
by4rogen compounds present other characterintio features.
~Card 1/3 Smolenakiy-gattiast crystallo-chemical characteristic

----- - -- -------
10n the Question of the Search for Now Fiezoolectrics BOV/40-22-12-7/33
.(Refs 9,10) is regarded as belonging to the firat type. Plezo-
electrica containing hydrogen, make the problem more compli-
cated. HereTit is much more difficult to furmulate the
characterieticep because the mechanism leading to the formation
of spontaneous-polari.zation is very unclear (Ref 11). The
chemical.composition and its structure are moreover extremely.
complicated.and varied. It was already earlier mentioned
(Ref 13) thatAthe symmetry.vaiiation of all piezoelectrice
hitherto_known~whiqh takes place during the phase transitionst*
is subject to pertain rules. Symmetry variations of a few
piezoelectrics during their phase transitions are given in
table A.-ThLa ~talAeis a supplement of the published data.
(Ref 13).The-conclusion has been drawn that a variation of
point eymmetry,-belonging;to one of the pyroelectrio olaacea,
can be hold as a characteristic of piozoolectrie~phase,transi.tiope
for all~dielectrics Thin characteristic is called the
Crystallographic feature of spontaneous polarization. Such
materials-were-chosen in this-work for which the variation
..Of symmetry,at phase transitions was known to be subject
to the crystallographic characteristic (Table 2)sIn conclusion
Card.12/3 it is pointed out, howevero that the mentioned characteristics

NMI
__K or__H~e_ ---ezoeleetries 80,r/48-22-12-7/33
On the ques-tioq- "fh-e-_S#-arG_
are indeed necessary, but not sufficient. The search for,new'
piezoelectrica is facilitated by them, but neither ahortened nor
-theoretically completely substantiated., The next paper, there-
fore,~will~be dedicated to the investigating of piezoelectric
propeIrties of the-materials recorded in table 2t as well
as to the~determination of optimum conditions of existence
forepontaneous polarization in crystals. The authors thank,
L. Z. Rusajcovf~l. S. Rezj V. V. Gladkov for their-assistance.
There are 21ables and-13 references, 4 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION:, Institut kristallografii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Crystallographyl Academy of Sciences USSR) TaNILP Komiteta pa
radioelektronike Soveta Ministrov SSSR (TeNILP of the Committee
of Radioelectronics, Cabinet'Council USSR)
Card 3/3
LIM 11 1171TIR ?l "I F MVI I'VE I B It