THE WORLD FACTBOOK NINETEEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIVE

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CIA-RDP86S00596R000200790001-2
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K
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299
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December 22, 2016
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February 9, 2011
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1
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May 1, 1985
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Central Intelligence Agency The World Factbook Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Five Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 This publication is prepared for the use of US Government officials, and the format, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements. US Government officials may ob- tain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Requesters outside the US Government may ob- tain subscriptions to CIA publications similar to this one by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Requesters outside the US Government not inter- ested in subscription service may purchase spe- cific publications either in paper copy or micro- form from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 To expedite service call the NTIS Order Desk (703) 487-4650 Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock Number 041-015-00159-2) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Central Intelligence Agency The World Factbook Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Five The World Factbook is produced annually by the Directorate of Intelligence of the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are provided by various components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Bureau of the Census, and the US Department of State. In general, information available as of 1 January 1985 was used in the preparation of this edition, with the following exceptions: ? Population figures are projected estimates for 1 July 1985; the average annual growth rates listed are projected estimates for the period mid-1984 to mid-1985. ? Military manpower estimates are as of 1 January 1985, except the numbers of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the five-year period 1985-89. ? Major political developments through 22 April 1985 have been included. Comments and queries are welcome and may be addressed to: Central Intelligence Agency Attn: Public Affairs Washington, D.C. 20505 (703) 351-2053 For information on how to obtain addi- tional copies, see the inside of the front cover. CR WF 85-001 (Supersedes CR WF 84-001) May 1985 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes Abu Dhabi (see United Arab Emirates) Afghanistan Ajman (see United Arab Emirates) Anguilla (formerly St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla) 7 Antigua and Barbuda 8 Argentina 9 Bangladesh 17 Barbados 18 Bophuthatswana (see South Africa) Botswana 27 British Honduras (see Belize) British Solomon Islands (see Solomon Islands) Brunei Burma Cabinda (see Angola) Cambodia (formerly Kampuchea) 37 Cameroon 38 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Central African Republic Ceylon (see Sri Lanka) Chad Cyprus 56 Czechoslovakia 58 Djibouti (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) 61 Dominican Republic Dubai (see United Arab Emirates) Ecuador Egypt Ellice Islands (see Tuvalu) El Salvador France 77 French Guiana 78 French Polynesia French Territory of the Afars and Issas (see Djibouti) Fujayrah, al (see United Arab Emirates) Gabon Gambia, The 82 Gaza Strip (see West Bank and Gaza Strip, listed at end of table) German Democratic Republic 83 Germany, Federal Republic of 85 Ghana 87 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Greenland 91 Grenada 92 Guadeloupe Guatemala Guinea-Bissau (formerly Portuguese Guinea) Guyana Iceland India 103 104 106 107 Ireland 113 Israel (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) 114 Italy 116 Ivory Coast 118 Jordan (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) 122 K Kampuchea (see Cambodia) Kiribati (formerly Gilbert Islands) Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Libya Liechtenstein Luxembourg 125 126 127 129 133 135 136 137 139 Madagascar 141 Madeira Islands (see Portugal) Malagasy Republic (see Madagascar) Malaysia Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Mali N Namibia (South-West Africa) Nepal New Caledonia New Hebrides (see Vanuatu) Northern Rhodesia (see Zambia) Papua New Guinea Pemba (see Tanzania) Philippines Poland Portugal Portuguese Guinea (see Guinea-Bissau) Portuguese Timor (see Indonesia) Ra's al-Khaymah (see United Arab Emirates) Rhodesia (see Zimbabwe) Rio Muni (see Equatorial Guinea) Romania 147 148 149 150 152 157 158 161 162 163 165 166 168 169 170 178 179 181 182 185 186 188 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 St. Christopher and Nevis (formerly St: Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla) 194 St. Lucia 195 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 196 San Marino 197 Seychelles Sharjah (see United Arab Emirates) 199 200 201 202 Sierra Leone 204 Singapore 205 Solomon islands (formerly British Solomon islands) 206 Somalia 207 South Africa Southern Rhodesia (see Zimbabwe) South-West Africa (see Namibia) Soviet Union Spain__ Spanish Sahara (see Western Sahara) Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) Swaziland Sweden 210 212 214 216 218 220 221 223 Tanganyika (see Tanzania) Tanzania 224 Tasmania (see Australia) Thailand Togo Tonga Transkei (see South Africa) 226 227 Trinidad and Tobago 229 Tunisia 231 Turkey 232 Turks and Caicos Islands 233 Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) 234 Uganda 235 Umm al-Qaywayn (see United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, al Fujayrah, 237 Ra's al-Khaymah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaywayn) _ United Arab Republic (see Egypt) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 United Kingdom United States Upper Volta (see Burkina Faso) Uruguay V Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides) Vatican City Wallis and Futuna Walvis Bay (see South Africa) Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) Western Samoa 238 240 243 244 245 248 249 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) 250 Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of (South Yemen) 251 Yugoslavia 252 Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) 255 Zanzibar (see Tanzania) Zimbabwe (formerly southern Rhodesia) 257 Taiwan (China listed alphabetically) 258 West Bank and Gaza Strip 260 Appendixes A. The United Nations System B. Selected UN Organizations C. Selected International Organizations D. Country Membership in Selected Organizations Maps I. The World (Guide to Regional Maps II-XIII) H. North America III. Central America and the Caribbean IV. South America V. Europe VI. Middle East VII. Africa VIII. Soviet Union, East and South Asia IX. Southeast Asia X. Oceania XI. Arctic Region XII. Antarctic Region XIII. Standard Time Zones of the World 262 263 264 266 274 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes Fiscal Year: The abbreviation FY stands for fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. GDP and GNP: GDP is the total market value of all goods and services produced within the domestic borders of a country over a particular time period, normally a year. GNP equals GDP plus the income accruing to domestic residents arising from investment abroad less income earned in the domestic market accruing to foreigners abroad. Imports, Exports, and Aid: Standard abbreviations used in individual entries throughout this factbook are c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight), f.o.b. (free on board), ODA (official development assistance), and OOF (other official flows). ,Land Utilization: Most of the land utilization percentages are rough estimates. Figures for "arable" land in some cases reflect the area under cultivation rather than the total cultivable area. Maritime Zones: Fishing and economic zones claimed by coastal states are included only when they differ from territorial sea limits. Maritime claims do not necessarily represent the position of the United States Government. Money: All money figures are in contemporaneous US dollars unless otherwise indicated. Oil Terms: Barrel (bbl) and barrels per day (b/d) are used to express volume of crude oil and refined products; a barrel equals 42.00 gallons, 158.99 liters, 5.61 cubic feet, or 0.16 cubic meters. Note: Some of the countries and governments included in this publication are not fully independent, and others are not officially recognized by the United States Government. Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Afghanistan Land 647,497 km2; about the size of Texas; 75% desert, waste, or urban; 22% arable (12% cul- tivated, 10% pasture); 3% forest Labor force: 4.98 million (1980 est.); 67.8% agriculture and animal husbandry, 10.2% in- dustry, 6.3% construction, 5.0% commerce, 7.7% services and other; current figures un- available because of fighting (1984) Organized labor: government-controlled unions are being established Government Official name: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Type: Communist regime backed by multidivisional Soviet force Political subdivisions: 29 provinces with cen- trally appointed governors Legal system: not established; legal educa- tion at Kabul University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Communists: the PDPA claims 120,000 members Other political or pressure groups: the mili- tary and other branches of internal security are being rebuilt by the Soviets; insurgency continues throughout the country; wide- spread opposition on religious grounds; widespread anti-Soviet sentiment Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG; suspended from OIC in January 1980 Economy GNP: $2.8 billion (FY79), $163 per capita (1984); real growth rate 2.5% (1975-79); cur- rent figures not available (1984) Agriculture: subsistence farming and animal husbandry; main crops-wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton People Population: 14,792,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.7%; these estimates in- clude an adjustment for emigration to Pakistan during recent years, but they do not take into account other demographic conse- quences of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective- Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pashtun, 25% Tajik, 9% Uzbek, 9% Hazara; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baluchi, and others Religion: 74% Sunni Muslim, 25% Shi'a Mus- lim, 1% other Language: 50% Pashtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor lan- guages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Branches: Revolutionary Council acts as leg- islature and final court of appeal; President of Council acts as chief of state; Cabinet and judiciary responsible to Council; Presidium chosen by Council has full authority when Council not in session; Loya Jirga (Grand Na- tional Assembly) supposed to convene eventually and approve permanent constitu- tion Government leaders: BABRAK Karmal, President of the Revolutionary Council and head of the People's Democratic Party of Af- ghanistan (since December 1979); Soltan Ali KESHTMAND, Prime Minister (since June 1981) Political parties and leaders: the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) is the sole legal political party; has two factions; the Parchami faction has been in power since December 1979; members of the deposed Khalgi faction continue to hold some impor- tant posts; the Sholaye-Jaweid is a much smaller pro-Beijing group Major industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement for domestic use; handwoven carpets for export Electric power: 465,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1984), 96 kWh per capita Exports: $680 million (f.o.b., 1984); mostly fruits and nuts, natural gas, and carpets Imports: $940 million (c.i.f., 1984); mostly food supplies and petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries; im- ports-mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries Budget: current expenditure Af22.7 billion, capital expenditure Af10.9 billion for FY82 (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 50.6 afghanis=US$1 (official, February 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Afghanistan (continued) Communications Railroads: 9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge, spur of Soviet line from Kushka (USSR) to Towraghondi and from Termez (USSR) to Kheyrabad Transhipment Point (15 km) on south bank Amu Darya (govern- ment owned) Highways: 18,752 km total (1978); 2,846 km hard surface, 14,035 km gravel and improved earth and unimproved earth and tracks Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles steamers up to about 500 metric tons Pipelines: natural gas, 180 km; crude oil, 68 kin Airfields: 41 total, 35 usable; 12 with perma- nent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; tele- vision introduced in 1980; telephones 31,200 (0.2 per 100 pop].); 5 AM and no FM stations, 1 TV station, 1 earth satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Air and Defense Forces, border guard forces, Defense of the Revolution Force, National Police Force, Government Information Service, People's Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, about 3,507,000; 1,947,000 fit for military service; about 143,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the USSR Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1984, $210 million, about 63% of cen- tral government budget ake Ohrid Adriatic Sea ,Lake Prespa V Land 28,748 km2; slightly larger than Maryland; 43% forest and wood; 21% arable; 19% meadows and pasture; 5% permanent crop; 5% inland water; 7% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) People Population: 2,968,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.2% Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective- Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian; remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state; prewar est. 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catho- lic; observances prohibited Language: Albanian (Tosk is official dialect), Greek Labor force: 584,000 (1978); about 22% agri- culture, 40% industry and commerce, 38% other(1978) Government Official name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 26 rrethet (districts) Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assem- bly, which is not a true court; legal education at University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November Branches: legislature (People's Assembly), Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Ramiz ALIA, Chair- man, Presidium of the People's Assembly (chief of state; since November 1982); Adil cARcANI, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier; since November 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections held every four years; last elections 12 November 1982; 100% of electorate voted (with one dissenting vote) Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Ramiz Alia (since April 1985) Communists: 122,600 party members (No- vember 1981); 4.5% of population Member of. CEMA, FAO, IAEA, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with USSR in 1961; officially withdrew from War- saw Pact 13 September 1968 Economy GNP: $2.15 billion (1979); $820 per capita (1981) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops- corn, wheat, potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton Major industries: agricultural products and processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries (chrome and oil) Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 1,390,000 kW capacity (1984); 4.635 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,600 kWh per capita Exports: $151 million (1978); asphalt, bitu- men, and petroleum products; metals and metallic ores; agricultural products, includ- ing vegetables, fruits, and tobacco Imports: $137 million from OECD countries (1982); machinery, machine tools, iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals, pharma- ceuticals Major trade partners: exports-Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Italy, Poland, Austria; imports-Yugoslavia, Czechoslo- vakia, FRG, Poland, Italy, Greece Budget: (1982 prov.) revenue $1.30 billion, expenditure $1.29 billion; state investment $677.3 billion (1984 planned) Monetary conversion rate: 7.1328 leks=US$1 (February 1984) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar year Communications Railroads: 228 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track, government owned (1980 est.); claims over 400 km (1983) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sec- tions of Lake Shkoder, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1979) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined prod- ucts, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); high- ways 39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Defense Forces Branches: Albanian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Interior Troops, Albanian Coastal Defense Command, Air and Air Defense Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 786,000; 669,000 fit for military service; 32,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 4 submarines, 2 mine warfare ships, 54 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 6 mine warfare craft, 2 underway replenishment ships, 1 other auxiliary Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 1 billion leks; 11% of total budget Algeria Land 2,381,471 km'; more than three times the size of Texas; 80% desert, waste, or urban; 16% pasture and meadows; 3% cultivated; 1% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 22,025,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective- Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Sunni Muslim (state religion); 1% Christian and Jewish Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Labor force: 3.7 million (1984); 40% industry and commerce, 30% agriculture, 17% gov- ernment, 10% services; at least 11% of urban labor unemployed Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Algeria (continued) Organized labor: 16-19% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front Government Official name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Member of. AfDB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Communications Railroads: 3,908 km total; 2,659 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,129 km 1.055-meter gauge, 120 km 1.000-meter gauge; 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km con- crete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Political subdivisions: 48 wilayas (depart- ments or provinces); 160 dairat (admin- istrative districts); 691 communes Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitu- tion adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of vari- ous public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court di- vided into four chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constan- tine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Revolution Day, I Novem- ber Branches: executive; unicameral legislature (National People's Assembly); judiciary Government leaders: Col. Chadli BENDJEDID, President (since February 1979); Abdelhanio BRAHIM, Prime Minister (since January 1984) Elections (latest): presidential 12 January 1984; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30-March--1.975 legislative March 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Liber- ation Front (FLN), secretary General Chadli Bendjedid Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Economy GDP: $51.9 billion (1984 est.), $2,430 per capita; 4.0% real growth in 1984 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus fruits, dates, veg- etables, sheep, cattle, industrial crops Major industries: petroleum, light indus- tries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, automotive plants (under con- struction), and food processing Crude steel: 842,000 metric tons produced (1982) Electric power: 3,113,000 kW capacity (1984); 12.546 billion kWh produced (1984), 587 kWh per capita Exports: $12.6 billion (f.o.b., 1984); major items-petroleum and gas 98.0%; US 39.0%, France 23.0% (1984) Imports: $10.0 billion (f.o.b., 1984); major items-capital goods 35.0%, semifinished goods 25.0%, foodstuffs 18.0%; France 25.7%, US 6.0% Major trade partners: US, FRG, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada Budget: $20 billion revenue, $20 billion expenditure (1984) Monetary conversion rate: 5.01 Algerian dinars=US$1 (August 1984) Pipelines: crude oil, 6,612 km; refined prod- ucts, 298 km; natural gas, 2,948 km Airfields: 161 total, 153 usable; 55 with per- manent-surface runways; 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 72 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,722,000; 2,919,000 fit for military service; 239,000 reach military age (19) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 466 km2; half the size of New York City People Population: 47,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 5.4% Legal system; based on French and Spanish civil codes;. Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves. as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative (General Council of the Valleys) consisting of 28 members; execu- tive-syndic (manager) and a deputy subsyndic chosen by General Council; judi- ciary chosen by Co-princes who appoint two civil judges, a judge of appeals, and two batlles (court prosecutors); final appeal to the Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan, France, or to the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain Government leaders: head of state- Frangois MITTERRAND (President of France; since 1981) and Juan Marti ALANIS (Bishop of Seo de Urge], Spain; since 1971),. Co-Princes; Syndic-Francesc CERQUEDA Pasquet (since 1982); Subsyndic-Josep Maria MAS Pons (since 1982); head of gov- ernment-Oscar RIBAS Reig (Chief Executive; since 1982) Economy Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism (particularly ski- ing), sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Electric power: 35,000 kW capacity (1984); 140 million kWh produced (1984), 3,121 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Monetary conversion rate: 9.375 French francs=US$1(October 1984); 169.96 Spanish pesetas=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjec- tive-Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 61% Spanish, 30% Andorran, 6% French, 3% other Language: Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized (unions prohib- ited); largely shepherds and farmers Government Official name: Principality of Andorra Type: unique co-principality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Span- ish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers Suffrage: those of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members Elections: General Council chosen every four years; last election December 1981 Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but only partisans for par- ticular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups devel- oped in 1972; first formal political party Andorran Democratic Association-formed in 1976, reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party Telecommunications: international landline circuits to Spain and France; 1 AM station, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; about 12,800 tele- phones (43.5 per 100 popl.); about 7,000 radio receivers (1982) Defense Forces Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Angola Government Official name: People's Republic of Angola south Atlantic Ocean 10 to Type: people's republic Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 18 provinces includ- ing the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November Land 1,246,700 km2; larger than California and Texas combined; 44% forest; 22% meadow and pasture; 1% cultivated; 33% other (in- cluding fallow) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 7,953,000, including Cabinda (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7%; Cabinda, 129,000(July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective- Angolan Ethnic divisions: 38% Ovimbundu, 23% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European Religion: 68% Roman Catholic, 20% Protes- tant, about 10% indigenous beliefs Language: Portuguese (official); various l3antu dialects Labor force: 1,865,000 economically active (mid-1980 est.); 60% agriculture, 15% industry Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution; legislative-National People's Assembly Government leader: Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS, President (since September 1979) Political parties and leaders: Popular Move- ment for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by dos Santos, only legal party; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgen- cies Member of: AfD13, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $4.2 billion (1981 est.), $550 per capita, 0.1% real growth (1981) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar pro- cessing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 630,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.650 billion kWh produced (1984), 212 kWh per capita Exports: est. $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1983); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish prod- ucts, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton Imports: est. $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equip- ment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77 Major trade partners: Cuba, USSR, Portugal, and US Budget: (1981) est. reserve $2.0 billion; est. total expenditures $3.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 30.214 kwanza=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067- meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bitumi- nous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Namibe), 5 minor Airfields: 354 total, 272 usable; 26 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio-relay and troposcatter routes; HF used extensively for military/Cuban links; 2 At- lantic Ocean satellite stations; 40,300 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.);16 16AM, FM, and 2 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air De- fense; paramilitary forces-Peoples' Police Corps, Peoples' Defense Organization, Fron- tier Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,757,000; 885,000 fit for military service; 74,000 reach military age (20) annually Anguilla Land Anguilla, 91 km2; about one-half the size of Washington, D.C.; Sombrero, 5 kmz People Population: 7,000 (1982 est.) Nationality: noun-Anguillan(s); adjec- tive-Anguillan Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Religion: Anglican and Methodist Language: English (official) Literacy: 80% Labor force: 2,000 Anguillans living overseas send remittances home; high unemployment (40% in 1977) Government Official name: Anguilla Type: British dependent territory Capital: The Valley Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect on 1 April 1982 Branches: 11-member House of Assembly, seven-member Executive Council Government leaders: Allistair BAILLE, Governor (since February 1984); Emile GUMBS, Chief Minister (since March 1984) Suffrage: native born; resident before sepa- ration from St. Christopher-Nevis; 15 years residence for "belonger" status Political parties and leaders: Anguilla Na- tional Alliance (ANA), Emile Gumbs; Anguillan People's Party (APP), Ronald Webster Votingstrength: ANA, 4 seats; APP, 2 seats;1 independent Communists: none Member of: Commonwealth Economy GDP: unknown (January 1985) Agriculture: pigeon peas, corn, sweet pota- toes, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, poultry Fishing: inshore and reef fishing; catch un- known Major industries: lobster exports, tourism, salt Electric power: 1,500,000 kW capacity (1984); 2 million kWh produced (1984), 285 kWh per capita Budget: revenue, EC $9,899,801 (1982); ex- penditure, EC $10,759,868 (1982); grant-in- aid, EC $1,081,000 (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=$US1 (February 1984) Fiscal year: probably calendar Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Anguilla (continued) Communications Railroads: none Ports: 1 major (Road Bay), 1 minor (Blowing Point) Airfield: I with permanent-surface runways of 1,100 mat Wallblake Airport Telecommunications: modern internal tele- phone system (1,200 telephones est.); 1 radio broadcasting service Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of UK Antigua and Barbuda rington Barbuda SAINT JOHN S Land 280 km2; less than two-thirds the size of New York City; 54% arable; 18% waste and built on; 14% forest; 9% unused but potentially productive; 5% pasture; the islands of Re- donda (less than 2.6 km and uninhabited) and Barbuda (161 km) are dependencies Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm economic zone) People Population: 80,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective- Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 88% Organized labor: 18,000, 22-26% unemploy- ment (1983 est.) Government Official name: Antigua and Barbuda Type: independent state recognizing Eliza- beth II as Chief of State Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 depen- dencies (Barbuda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate juris- diction, consists of Chief justice and five justices Branches: bicameral legislative, 17-member popularly elected House of Representatives and 17-member Senate; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr., Prime Minister (since 1976); Lester BIRD, Deputy Prime Minister (since 1976); Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS, Governor General (since 1967) Elections: every five years; last general elec- tion 17 April 1984 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; United People's Movement (UPM), George Herbert Walter; Progressive Labor Move- ment (PLM), Robert Hall Voting strength: (1984 election) House of Representatives-ALP, 16 seats; indepen- dent, 1 seat Other political or pressure groups: Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small leftist nationalist group led by Leonard "Tim" Hector Member of CARICOM, Commonwealth, G-77, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ISO, OAS, UN, UNESCO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Economy GDP: $129.5 million (1982), $1,682 per capita Major industries: tourism, cotton production Electric power: 43,000 kW capacity (1984); (i1 million kWh produced (1984), 756 kWh per capita Exports: $34.5 million (1985); clothing, rum, lobsters Imports: $138.1 million (c.i.f., 1982); fuel, food, machinery Major trade partners: 30% UK, 25% US, 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-80) from Western (non-US) countries, $20 million; no military aid Budget: (current) revenues, $107.5 million (1983); expenditures, $124.5 million (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean (EC) dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March Communications Railroads: 64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, 13 km 0.610-meter gauge, employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 240 km main Ports: 1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones (9.2 per 100 pop,.); tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Gua- deloupe; 5 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable; about 19,000 radio and 16,000 television receivers (1982) Defense Forces Branches: Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force Major ground units: Defense Force Argentina ao ~a,s,ep s se,~~y a-no?tatf/o Land 2,766,889 km2; four times the size of Texas; 57% agricultural (46% natural meadow, 11% crop, improved pasture, and fallow); 25% for- est; 18% mountain, urban, or waste Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) People Population: 30,708,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjec- tive-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Argentina (continued) Labor force: 11.2 million (1982 est.); 19% ag- riculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 1.1% commerce, 6% transport and communi- cations, 19% other; 6% estimated unem- ployment (1982 est.) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) Government Official name: Argentine Republic Type: republic; changed from military to ci- vilian government in December 1983 Political subdivisions: 22 provinces,1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: mixture of US and West Euro- pean legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Communists: some 70,000. members in vari- ous party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist- dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' associa- tion), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organiza- tions, students, the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB- Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-Inter- national Whaling Commission, IWC- International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy GNP: $58.2 billion (1982), $1,995 per capita; 80% consumption, 14% investment; 6% net exports; real GDP growth rate 1983, 3.1% Major trade partners: (1983) exports-20% USSR, 9% Brazil, 9% Netherlands, 9% US, 6% Italy, 6% FRG, 5% Japan, 2% Spain; im- ports-22% US, 10% Brazil, 10% FRG, 6% Japan, 6% Italy, 2% Chile Budget: (1983) general government revenues $15.8 billion; expenditures $22.2 billion at average annual exchange rate Monetary conversion rate: 104.2 pesos argentinos=US$1 (October 1984); Argentina redenominated its currency 1 June 1983; 10,000 pesos=l peso argentino Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 35,476 km total; 3,086 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 22,788 km 1.676- meter broad gauge, 13,461 km 1.000-meter gauge, 403 km 0.750-meter gauge; of total in country, 116 km are electrified Highways: 208,100 km total, of which 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101,000 km im- proved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth Branches: executive (President, Vice Presi- dent, Cabinet); legislative (National Congress-Senate, Chamber of Deputies); national judiciary Government leaders: Raul ALFONSIN, President (since December 1983); Victor MARTINEZ, Vice President (since Decem- ber 1983) Elections: general elections held 30 October 1983; next congressional elections scheduled for 1985 Political parties: operate under statute passed in 1983 that sets out criteria for par- ticipation in national elections; Radical Civic Union (UCR)-moderately left of center; Justicialist Party (JP)-Peronist umbrella po- litical organization; Movement for Industrial Development (MID); Intransigent Party (PI); several provincial parties Agriculture: main products-cereals, oil- seed, livestock products; major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 475,770 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $177.3 million (1983 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meat packing), motor vehicles, consumer du- rables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 1.8 thousand metric tons pro- duced (1984) Electric power: 13,661,000 kW capacity (1984); 39.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,312 kWh per capita Exports: $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseed Imports: $4.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km re- fined products; 9,918 km natural gas Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,840 total, 1,694 usable; 125 with permanent-surface runways;1 with runways over 3,695 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 324 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: extensive modern sys- tem; telephone network has 3.23 million sets (10.3 per 100 pop).), radio relay widely used; 2 satellite stations with 3 Atlantic Ocean an- tennas; 154 AM, 45 FM, and 191 TV stations; 30 station network domestic satellite Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Defense Forces Branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Ar- gentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture, National Aeronautical Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,601,000; 6,168,000 fit for military service; 251,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed defense budget for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $2.0 billion; 12.9% of central government budget Indian Ocean Brisbane j. AdeiAitle Sydney CANBERRA /Melbourne o' s Tasman Sea Land 7,686,848 km2; almost as large as the continential US; 58% pasture; 6% arable; 2% forest; 34% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm; prawn and crayfish on conti- nental shelf) People Population: 15,658,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun-AustralianO; adjec- tive-Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1 % Asian and aborigine Religion: 27.7% Anglican, 25.7% Roman Catholic, 25.2% other Protestant Language: English, native languages Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 7.2 million (November 1984); 8.7% unemployment (December 1984) Organized labor: 57% of total employees (December 1982) Government Official name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal parliamentary state recogniz- ing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territo- ries-Australian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpreta- tion of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: bicameral legislature (Federal Parliament-Senate and House of Represen- tatives); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Sir Ninian STEPHEN, Governor General (since July 1982); Robert HAWKE, Prime Minister (since March 1983) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: held at three-year intervals or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election 1 December 1984 Political parties and leaders: government- Australian Labor Party (Robert Hawke); op- position-Liberal Party (Andrew Peacock), National Party (Ian Sinclair), Australian Democratic Party (Donald L. Chipp), Nu- clear Disarmament Party (Michael Denborough) Voting strength: (1984 parliamentary elec- tion) House of Representatives-Labor Party 82 seats, Liberal-National coalition 66 seats; Senate-Labor Party 34 seats, Liberal-Coun- try coalition 33 seats, Australian Democratic Party 7 seats, Nuclear Disarmament Party 1 seat, independents 1 seat Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Australia (continued) Other political or pressure groups: Austra- lian Democratic Labor Party (anti- Communist Labor Party splinter group) Aid: donor-ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-82), $5.7 billion Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,158,000; 3,542,000 fit for military service; 139,000 reach military age (17) annually Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, I13A, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whal- ing Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: $144.1 billion (1983), $9,440 per cap- ita; 62% private consumption, 17.5% government expenditure, 21% investment; 2.2% real average annual growth (1976-82) Agriculture: large areas devoted to grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products-wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 5.6 million metric tons produced (1983) Electric power: 28,950,000 kW capacity (1984); 107.4 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,950 kWh per capita Exports: $20.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products-coal, wool, wheat, iron ore, beef Imports: $19.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products-manufactured raw materials, capital equipment, consumer goods Major trade partners: (1982-83) exports- 26% Japan, 12% US, 6% New Zealand, 4% North Korea, 4% Singapore, 3% USSR; im- ports-21% US, 21% Japan, 6% UK, 6% FRG, 4% New Zealand Budget: (FY83-84) expenditures, A$56.7 bil- lion; receipts, A$48.3 billion; deficit, A$8.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1.23 Australian dollar=US$1 (1 January 1985) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: 42,855 km total (1980); 9,689 km 1.600-meter gauge, 15,783 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 17,383 km 1.067-meter gauge; 900 km electrified (June 1979); gov- ernment owned (except for a few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 837,872 km total (1980); 243,750 km paved, 228,396 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 365,726 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft Pipelines: crude oil, 2,400 km; refined prod- ucts, 500 km; natural gas, 5,600 km Airfields: 1,067 total, 1,023 usable; 220 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 18 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 502 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: very good interna- tional and domestic service; 7.4 million telephones (52 per 100 popl.); 223 AM, 5 FM, and 111 TV stations; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam Defense Forces Branches: Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $5.3 billion; about 9.1% of total central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 83,835 km2; slightly smaller than Maine; 38% forest; 26% meadow and pasture; 20% culti- vated; 15% waste or urban; 1% inland water People Population: 7,540,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective- Austrian Ethnic divisions: 99.4% German, 0.3% Cro- atian, 0.2% Slovene, 0.1% other Religion: 88% Roman Catholic, 6% Protes- tant, 6% none or other Labor force: 2.9 million (1983); 41.1% indus- try and crafts, 57.55% services, 1.35% agriculture and forestry; 4.1% unemployed (October 1984); an estimated 200,000 Austri- ans are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 142,030 (1984) Organized labor: 61.4% of wage and salary workers (1983) Government Official name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic. Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (lander) in- cluding the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920,. repromulgated 1945; judicial review of legis- lative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vi- enna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral legislature (Federal. As- sembly-Federal Council, National Council), directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, inde- pendent federal judiciary Government leaders: Rudolf KIRCH- SCHLAGER, President (since July 1974); Fred SINOWATZ, Chancellor (since May 1983), leads a Socialist/ Freedom Party of Austria coalition Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections Elections: presidential, every six years (next 1986); parliamentary, every four years (next 1987) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPO), Fred Sinowatz, chairman; Austrian People's Party (OVP), Alois Mock, chairman; Liberal Party (FPO), Norbert Steger, chairman; Communist Party (KPO), Franz Muhri, chairman; Alternative List Austria (ALO), no leader; United Greens (VGO), Josef Buchner, leader Voting strength: (1983 election,prelimi- nary) parliamentary-SPO 47.65%, OVP 43.22%, FPO 4.98%, VGO 1.93%, ALO 1.26%, KPO 0.66% Communists: membership 15,000 est.; activ- ists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Aus- trian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Aus- trian People's Party (OVP) representing business, labor,and farmers; the OVP- oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of. ADI3, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, 11313-Inter-American Devel- opment Bank, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy GNP: $67.24 billion (1983), $8,904 per cap- ita; 57% private consumption, 19% public consumption, 22% investment; 1983 real GNP growth rate, 1.9% Agriculture: livestock, forest products, cere- als, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient Major industries: foods, iron and steel, ma- chinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp; beer. sales, 7,682,150 hectoliters (1981) Crude steel: 4.4 million metric tons produced (1983) Electric power: 14,610,000 kW capacity (1984); 43.750 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,800 kWh per capita Exports: $15.43 billion (f.o.b., 1983); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals Imports: $19.40 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs, cars Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Austria (continued) Major trade partners: (1983) imports- 41.5% FRG, 8.9% Italy, 6.2% East Europe (excluding USSR), 4.8% Switzerland, 4.3% USSR, 3.4% US, exports-30.8% FRG, 8.9% Italy, 8.2% East Europe (excluding USSR), 7.4% OPEC, 6.8% Switzerland Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ments(ODA and OOF), $1.1 billion (1970-82) Budget: expenditures, $24.31 billion; reve- nues, $19.03 billion; deficit, $5.28 billion (1984) Monetary conversion rate: 17.96 schillings=US$1 (1983 average); 20.50 shillings=US$1(third quarter 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 6,497 km total; 5.857 km govern- ment owned; 5,403 km 1.435-meter standard gauge of which 3,017 km electrified and 1,520 km double tracked; 454 km 0.760- meter narrow gauge of which 91 km electri- fied; 640 km privately owned 1.435- and 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 95,412 km total; 34,612 km are the classified network (including 1,012 km of autobahn, 10,400 km of federal and 23,200 km of provincial roads); of this number, ap- proximately 21,812 km are paved and 12,800 km are unpaved; additionally, there are 60,800 km of communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 53 usable;-17 with perma- nent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 160 AM, 536 FM, and 988 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT sta- tion; 3.33 million telephones (44.1 per 100 popl.) Defense Forces Branches: Army, Flying Division Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,944,000; 1,646,000 fit for military service; 65,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $770 million; about 3.6% of the proposed federal budget The Bahamas ASSA a Exuma . Long Island Land 13,934 km?; about the size of Connecticut; nation is made up an archipelago of some 700 islands and keys; 29% forest; 1 % cultivated; 70% built on, wasteland, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Island, 76 km) People Population: 232,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun-Bahamian(s); adjec- tive-Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 85% black, 15% white Religion: Baptist 29%, Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 22%, smaller groups of other Protes- tants, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English; some Creole among Haitian immigrants Labor force: 82,000(1982); 30% government, 25% hotels and restaurants, 10% business ser- vices, 6% agriculture; 30% unemployment (1983) Organized labor: 25% organized Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth rec- ognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Economy GNP: $1.4 billion (1982), $6,581 per capita; real growth rate 2% (1982) Agriculture: food importer; main crops fish, fruits, vegetables Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 78,150 tele- phones (35 per 100 popl.) in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Flor- ida; 3 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 3 coaxial submarine cables Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law National holiday: Independence Day, 10 July Branches: bicameral legislature (Parlia- ment-apppointed Senate, elected House of Assembly); executive (Prime Minister and Cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Lynden Oscar PIND- LING, Prime Minister (since 1969); Sir Gerald C. CASH, Governor General (since 1979) Elections: House of Assembly (June 1982); next election due constitutionally in five years Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Free National Move- ment (FNM), Kendal Isaacs, Cecil Wallace- Whitfield Voting strength: 73,309 registered voters (July 1977); (1982 election) House of Assem- bly-PLP (55%) 32 seats, FNM (45%) 11 seats, others (3%) 0 seats Other political or pressure group: Vanguard Nationalist and Socialist Party (VNSP), a small leftist party headed by John McCartney Member of. CARICOM, CDB, Common- wealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAS, PAHO, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Major industries: banking, tourism, cement, oil refining and transhipment, lumber, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuti- cals, spiral weld, and steel pipe Electric power: 348,000 kW capacity (1984); 880 million kWh produced (1984), 3,860 kWh per capita Exports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); pharma- ceuticals, cement, rum, crayfish Imports: $3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); food stuffs, manufactured goods, mineral fuels Major trade partners: exports-US 90%, UK 10%; imports-Iran 30%, Nigeria 20%, US 10%, EC 10%, Gabon 10% (1981) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (1970-82), from US, $42 million; from other Western countries (1970- 82), $136 million; no military aid Budget: (1982 actual) revenues, $305 million; expenditures, $369 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,400 km total; 1,350 km paved, 1,050 km gravel Airfields: 61 total, 56 usable; 29 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bahamas Defense Force (a coast guard element only), Royal Bahamas Police Force Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982 $28.7 million, about 7.7% of the total budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Gulf of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independent since 1971 Legal system: based on Islamic law and En- glish common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 National holiday: 16 December Branches: Amir rules with help of a Cabinet led by Prime Minister; Amir dissolved the National Assembly in August 1975 and sus- pended the constitutional provision for election of the Assembly; independent judi- ciary Electric power: 1,408,000 kW capacity (1984); 5.952 billion kWh produced (1984), 14,480 kWh per capita Exports: $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 1983); nonoil ex- ports $614 million (1983); oil exports $2.6, billion (1983) Imports: $3.3 billion (c.i.f., 1983); nonoil im- ports $1.9 billion (1983); oil imports $1.4 billion (1983) Major trade partners: Japan, UK, US, Saudi Arabia Land 676 km2 plus group of 32 smaller islands; smaller than New York City; 5% cultivated, negligible forest; remainder desert, waste, or urban Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm People Population: 427,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.8% Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective- Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 63% Bahraini, 13% Asian, 10% other Arab, 8% Iranian, 6% other Religion: Muslim (60% Shia, 40% Sunni) Language: Arabic (official); English also widely spoken; Farsi, Urdu Labor force: 140,000 (1982); 42% of labor force is Bahraini; 85% industry and coin- merce, 5% agriculture, 5% services, 3% government Government Official name: State of Bahrain Government leader: Isa bin Sulman Al KHALIFA, Amir (since November 1961) Political parties and pressure groups: politi- cal parties prohibited; several small, clandestine leftist and Shia fundamentalist groups are active Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDB- Islamic Development Bank, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $4.0 billion at current prices (1982 est.), $10,000 per capita; real growth. rate 9% (1981) Agriculture: not self-sufficient in food pro-' duction; produces some fruit and vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; shrimping and fishing Major industries: petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore bank- ing, ship repairing Budget: (1983) $843 million current expendi- ture, $691 million capital Monetary conversion rate: 0.376 Bahrain dinar=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 225 km bituminous surfaced; un- determined mileage of natural surface tracks; 25 km bridge-causeway to Saudi Ara- bia is tinder construction with completion scheduled for January 1986 Ports: 1 major (Bahrain), 1 minor, I petro- leum, oil, and lubricant terminal Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km'; refined prod- ucts, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; I with runways over 3,659 m; I with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent interna- tional telecommunications; adequate domestic services; 86,000 telephones (24.4 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean, and 1 Aral) satellite station; tropospheric scatter and mi- crowave to Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Bangladesh Defense Forces Branches: Army, Naval Wing, Air Wing Military manpower: males 15-49, 121,000; 71,000 fit for military service Supply: from several West European coun- tries, especially France and UK not pre enlotioncs n ce sarily aulhorilalive. Government Official name: People's Republic of Bangla- desh Type: republic; under martial law since 24 March 1982 Political subdivisions: 21 districts, to be re- vised to approximately 370 thanas (rural townships), consisting of 4,470 unions (village groupings) Land 143,998 km2; slightly smaller than Wisconsin; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow); 18% uncultivated (not available); 16% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) People Population: 101,408,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); adjec- tive-Bangladesh Ethnic divisions: 98% Bengali; 250,000 "Biharis" and fewer than one million tribals Religion: 83% Muslim, about 16% Hindu, less than 1% Buddhist, Christian, and other Language: Bangla (official), English widely used Labor force: 32.4 million (FY83); extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, and Kuwait; 74% of labor force is in agricul- ture, 15% services, 11% industry and commerce (FY81/82) Legal system: martial law currently prevails and civilian legal system suspended; tradi- tionally based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritar- ian presidential system; changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic character of nation; further change, by proc- lamation in December 1978, to provide for the appointments of the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other ministers of Cabinet rank, and to further de- fine the powers of the President Branches: constitution (currently suspended) provides for unicameral legislature (Parlia- ment), strong President; independent judiciary; President has substantial control over the judiciary Government leaders: Lt. Gen. Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD, President and Chief Martial Law Administrator (since March 1982) Elections: some local elections held in De- cember 1983; higher local elections scheduled for December 1984 postponed; presidential and parliamentary elections may be held in 1985 Political parties and leaders: Bangladesh Na- tionalist Party, Begum Ziaur Rahman; Awami League, Sheikh Hasina Wazed; United People's Party, Kazi Zafar Ahmed; Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Bangladesh (continued) Democratic League, Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed; Muslim League, Khan A. Sabur; Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (National Socialist Party), M. A. Jalil; Bangladesh Communist Party (pro-Soviet), Mohammad Farhad; nu- merous small parties; political activity banned following March 1982 coup; ban lifted in March 1984 Member of. ADB, Afro-Asian People's Soli- darity Organization, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB- Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IRC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WFTU, WMO, W TO Economy GNP: $11.6 billion (FY83, current prices), $121 per capita; real growth, 5.1% (FY83) Agriculture: large-scale subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages grain, cotton, and oilseed Fishing: catch 426,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing, and cotton textiles Electric power: 1,025,000 kW capacity (1984); 3.86 billion kWh produced (1984), 39 kWh per capita Exports: $650 million (f.o.b., FY83); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $2.3 billion (c.i.f., FY83); food- grains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manu- factured products Major trade partners: exports-US 10%, Mo- zambique 7%, Iran 6.1 %, Pakistan 5%, Sudan 5%; imports-Western Europe 16%, Japan 12%, US 6% (FY83) Budget: (FY83) current expenditures, $800 million; capital expenditures, $1.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 25.65 takas=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 4,085 km total (1980); 2,198 km 1.000-meter gauge, 1,852 km 1.676-meter broad gauge, 35 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge, 300 km double track; government owned Highways: 45,633 km total; 4,076 km paved, 2,693 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major (Chittagong), 2 minor Pipelines: 610 km natural gas Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 18 total, 13 usable; 14 with perma- nent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate interna- tional radio communications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 100,000 (est.) telephones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 9 AM, 6 FM, 7 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force; paramili- tary forces-Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Armed Police Reserve, Coastal Police Military. manpower: males 15-49, 23,961,000; 14,738,000 fit for military ser- vice Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $279 million; about 10% of central government budget North Atlantic Ocean :. Bathsheba The crane Land 430 kml; about half the size of New York City; 60% crop; 30% unused, built on, or waste; 10% meadow Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) People Population: 252,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.3% Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjec- tive-Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 16% mixed, 4% European Religion: 70% Anglican, 9% Methodist, 4% Roman Catholic, 17% other, including Mora- vian Labor force: 103,900 (1982); 65.6% services and government, 24.6% industry and com- merce, 9.8% agriculture; 11% unemploy- ment (1979) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, Highways: 1,533 km total; 1,476 km paved, 7 Official name: Barbados FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, km unpaved, 3 km four-lane highways under IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, construction, 96 km gravel and earth Type: independent sovereign state within the IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, Commonwealth recognizing Elizabeth II as INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Chief of State Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Economy Airfields:1 with permanent-surface runways Political subdivisions: 11 parishes and city of GDP: $997.5 million (1982), $3,977 per cap- 2,440-3,659 m Bridgetown ita; real GDP growth rate -2.7% (1982) Telecommunications: islandwide automatic Legal system: English common law; con- Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, telephone system with 72,850 telephones stitution came into effect upon indepen- subsistence foods (27.9 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link dence in 1966; no judicial review of to Trinidad and St. Lucia; UHF/VHF links legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations, 1 ICJ jurisdiction light manufacturing, component assembly FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean for export satellite station National holiday: Independence Day, 30 November Electric power: 146,000 kW capacity (1984); Defense Forces 339 million kWh produced (1984), 1,345 Branches: Barbados Defense Force, Royal Branches: bicameral legislature (Parlia- kWh per capita Barbados Police Force ment-21-member appointed Senate and 27-member elected House of Assembly); Exports: $358.7 million (f.o.b., 1983); sugar Cabinet headed by Prime Minister and sugarcane byproducts, electrical parts, clothing Military manpower: males 15-49, 67,000; Government leaders: Bernard St. John, Act- 48,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- ing Prime Minister; Sir Hugh SPRINGER, Imports: $572 million (f.o.b., 1983); food tion Governor General (since 1984) stuffs, consumer durables, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: exports-36% US, 27% CARICOM, UK; imports-34% US, 18% Elections: House of Assembly members have CARICOM, UK, Canada (1980) terms no longer than five years; last general election held 18 June 1981 Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY70-82), from US, $10 Political parties and leaders: Barbados La- million; ODA and OOF commitments from bor Party (BLP; leader not yet named other Western countries (1970-82), $84 mil- [former leader was Prime Minister Tom Ad- lion; no military aid ams, who died in March 1985]); Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow Budget: (1983) revenues, $242 million; ex- penditures, $247.3 million Votingstrength: (1981 election) BLP, 52.4%; DLP, 46.8%; independent, negligible; House Monetary conversion rate: 1.989 Barbados of Assembly seats-BLP 17, DLP 10 dollars=US$1 (November 1984) Other political or pressure groups: Move- Communications ment for National Liberation (MONALI), Railroads: none Ricky Parris; People's Progressive Move- ment, Bobby Clarke; People's Pressure Movement, Eric Sealy Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Belgium Land 30,540 km2; slightly larger than Maryland; 28% cultivated; 24% meadow and pasture; 20% forest; 28% waste, urban, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 9,856,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective- Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Fleming, 33% Wal- loon, 12% mixed or other Religion: 75% Roman Catholic, remainder Protestant, none, or other Language: 56% Flemish (Dutch), 32% French, 1% German; 11% legally bilingual; divided along ethnic lines Labor force: 4 million (1983); 36% transporta- tion, 33% industry and commerce, 21% public services, 2.3% agriculture; 11 % unem- ployed (1983) Government Official name: Kingdom of Belgium Political subdivisions: nine provinces; as of 1 October 1980, Wallonia and Flanders have regional "subgovernments" with elected re- gional councils and executive officials; those regional authorities have limited powers over revenues and certain areas of economic, ur- ban, environmental, and housing policy; the authority of the regional subgovernments will increase over a five-year period; Wallonia also has a separate Walloon Cul- tural Council Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial re- view of legislative acts; legal education at four law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction, with reservations Branches: executive branch consists of King and Cabinet; Cabinet responsible to bicam- eral parliament (Senate and Chamber of Representatives); independent judiciary; co- alition governments are usual Government leaders: BAUDOUIN I, King (since August 1950); Wilfried MARTENS, Prime Minister (since 1981) Elections: held at least once every four years; last held 8 November 1981 Political parties and leaders: Flemish Social Christian (CVP), Frank Swaelen, president; Walloon Social Christian (PSC), Gerard Deprez, president; Flemish Socialist (SP), Karel van Miert, president; Walloon Socialist (PS), Guy Spitaels, president; Flemish Liberal (PVV), Guy Verhofstadt, president; Walloon Liberal (PRL), Louis Michel, president; Francophone Democratic Front (FDF), Georges Clerfayt, President; Volksunie (VU), Vic Anciaux, president; Communist Party (PCB), Louis van Geyt, president; Walloon Rally (RW), Fernand Massart; Ecologist Party (ECOLO-AGALEV), loosely orga- nized, has no president; Anti-Tax Party (UDRT-RAD), Robert Hendrick and Thomas Delahaye, presidents; Vlaams Blok (VB), president unknown Voting strength: (1981 election) Chamber of Representatives-CVP 43 seats, PS 35 seats, PVV 28 seats, SP 26 seats, PRL 24 seats, VU 20 seats, PSC 18 seats, FDF and RW 7 seats, ECOLO-AGALEV 4 seats, UDRT-RAD 3 seats, PCB 2 seats, VB 1 seat Communists: 10,000 members (est., October 1981) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associa- tions representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medi- cal professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Flemish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons and Pax Christi Member of. ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, EI13, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $81.24 billion (1983), $8,243 per cap- ita; 66% consumption, 16% investment, 18% government consumption, 0.0% net foreign balance (1982); 0.3% real growth rate in 1983 Agriculture: livestock production predomi- nates; main crops-grains, sugar beets, flax, potatoes, other vegetables, fruits Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Fishing: catch 40,580 metric tons (1983); ex- ports $29,991 million, imports $25,787 million Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, and petroleum Crude steel: 17.9 million metric tons capac- ity (December 1981); 10 million metric tons produced, 1,015 kg per capita (1983) Electric power: 14,941,000 kW capacity (1984); 54.198 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,490 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $51.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); iron and steel products (cars), petroleum products, precious stones Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $53.7 billion (c.i.f., 1983); motor vehi- cles, chemicals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxem- bourg Economic Union, 1983) exports-70% EC (21.3% FRG, 18.3% France, 14.3% Neth- erlands, 9.8% UK), 5.1% US, 2.6% Communist; imports-68% EC (21.1% FRG, 18.7% Netherlands, 14.5% France, 8.7% UK), 6.6% US, 3.1 % Communist Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ments(ODA and OOF), $3.3 billion (1970-82) Budget: (1983) revenues, $24.5 billion; ex- penditures, $35.7 billion; deficit, $11.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: 62.0 Belgian francs=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 4,111 km total; 3,920 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, government owned; 2,563 km double track; 1,763 km electrified; 191 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned, electrified Highways: 103,396 km total; approximately 1,317 km limited access, divided autoroute; 11,717 km national highway; 1,362 km pro- vincial road; approximately 38,000 km other paved; approximately 51,000 km unpaved rural Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial trans- port Pipelines: refined products, 1,115 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 25 with perma- nent-surface runways; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic' and international telephone and telegraph facilities; 3.96 million telephones (47.0 per 100 pop].); 6 AM, 36 FM, 32 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,497,000; 2,112,000 fit for military service; 80,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $2.7 billion; 8.0% of the cen- tral government budget Belize (formerly British Honduras) BfLMOP Land 22,963 km2; slightly larger than Massachu- setts; 46% exploitable forest, 38% agricultural (5% cultivated); 16% urban, waste, water, off- shore islands, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm People Population: 161,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective= Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% black, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerindian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-Day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mennonite Language: English (official), Spanish Maya, Carib Labor force: 51,500 (1984); 30% agriculture, 16% services, 15.4% government, 11.2%com- merce, 10.3% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical person- nel; over 14% are unemployed Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Belize (continued) Government Official name: Belize Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, cit- rus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products, honey; net im- porter of food Ports: 2 major (Belize City, Belize City South- west), 5 minor Type: parliamentary; independent state; a member of the Commonwealth Branches: bicameral legislature (National As- sembly-electoral redistricting in October 1984 expanded House of Representatives from 18 to 28 seats; eight-member appointed Senate; either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its membership); Cabinet; judiciary Government leaders: Manuel ESQUIVEL, Prime Minister (since December 1984); Dr. Elmira Minita GORDON, Governor General (since December 1981) Suffrage: universal adult at age 18 Elections: parliamentary elections held De- cember 1984 Political parties and leaders: United Demo- cratic Party (UDP), Manuel Esquivel, Curl Thompson, Dean Lindo; People's United Party (PUP), George Price Voting strength: (December 1984) National Assembly-UDP 21 seats (25,785-54.1%), PUP 7 seats (20,971-44.0%); before re- districting, PUP held 13 seats, UDP 4 seats, and independents 1 seat Other political or pressure groups: United Workers Union, which is connected with PUP Member of. CARICOM, CDB, Common- wealth, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, G-77, NAM, ISO, ITU, UN, UNESCO Economy GDP: $176 million (1983), $1,143 per capita (1983); real growth rate 2% (1983) Fishing: catch 1,349 metric tons (1980) Major industries: sugar refining, garments, timber and forest products, furniture, rum, soap, beverages, cigarettes Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1984); 57 million kWh produced (1984), 360 kWh per capita Exports: $78 million (f.o.b., 1983); sugar, gar- ments, fish, molasses, citrus fruits, wood and wood products Imports: $113 million (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels Major trade partners: exports-US 36%, UK 22%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Canada 10%; imports-US 55%, UK 17%, Nether- lands Antilles 8%, Mexico 7% (1983) Aid: economic-authorized from US, includ- ing Ex-Im (FY70-83), $25 million; bilateral ODA and OOF commitments from Western (non-US) countries (1970-82), $110 million Budget: revenues, $50 million; expenditures, $64 million (budget for April 1983 through March 1984) Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 (19 January 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,575 km total; 340 km paved, 1,190 km gravel, 735 km improved earth and 310 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 825 km river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navi- gable Airfields: 41 total, 37 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 8,650 telephones; (4.5 per 100 popl.); above average system based on radio-relay; 5 AM stations and 1 FM sta- tion; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces Branches: British Forces Belize, Belize De- fense Force, Police Department Military manpower: males 15-49, 39,000; 24,000 fit for military service; 1,700 reach military age (18) annually; the nucleus of the Belize Defense Force (BDF) is the former Special Force of the Belize Police, which was transferred intact to the new organization; the bulk of the early recruits were drawn from the Belize Volunteer Guard, a home guard force that had previously acted as a police reserve; currently, the BDF consists of full-time soldiers referred to as the "Regulars" and an essentially reserve group, which has maintained the "Volunteer Guard" name; recruitment is voluntary and the terms of service vary Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $3.6 million; 7.1% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Benin (formerly Dahomey) Land 112,622 km2; slightly smaller than Pennsyl- vania; southern third of country is most fertile; 80% arable land (11% actually culti- vated); 19% forest and game preserves; 1% nonarable Land boundaries: 1,963 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) People Population: 4,015,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% African (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adia, Yoruba, Bariba); 5,500 Europeans Religion: 70% animist, 15% Muslim, 15% Christian Language: French (official); Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south; at least six major tribal languages in north Labor force: 1.5 million (1982); 70% of labor force employed in agriculture; less than 2% of the labor force work in the industrial sector, and the remainder are employed in trans- port, commerce, and public services Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions Government Official name: People's Republic of Benin Type: Soviet-modeled civilian government Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally ob- tained in France; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: Revolutionary National Assembly, National Executive Council Government leader: Brig. Gen. Mathieu KEREKOU, President and Chief of State (since 1972) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: National Assembly elections were held in November 1979; Assembly then for- mally elected Kerekou President in February 1980 Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB) is sole party Communists: PRPB espouses Marxism- Leninism Member of. AfDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $1.1 billion (1982), $310 per capita (1982); 4.2% nominal growth during 1982 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and to- bacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, rice, sor- ghum, millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 24,000 metric tons (1982 est.) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing, textiles, beverages Electric power: 21,000 kW capacity (1984); 27 million kWh produced (1984), 7 kWh per capita Exports: $304.3 million (f.o.b., 1982); palm products, cotton, other agricultural products Imports: $590.3 million (f.o.b. 1982); thread, cloth, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials, iron, steel, fuels, foodstuffs, machinery, and transport equip- ment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1982) revenues $168.2 million; cur- rent expenditures, $103.3 million; development expenditures, $83.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 397.45 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (October 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 580 km, all 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 8,550 km total; 828 km paved, 5,722 km improved earth Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Benin (continued) Inland waterways: small sections, only im- portant locally Ports: 1 major (Cotonou) Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 9 total, 8 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 Telecommunications: fair system of open wire and radio relay; 16,200 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground sta- tion tinder construction Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 1,759,000; of the 867,000 males 15-49, 439,000 are fit for military service; of the 892,000 females 15-49, 451,000 are fit for military service; about 40,000 males and 41,000 females reach military age (18) annu- ally; both sexes are liable for military service Bermuda Land 53.3 kmz; about one-third the size of Wash- ington, D.C.; consists of about 360 small coral islands; 60% forest; 21% built on, waste land, and other; 11 % leased for air and naval bases; 8% arable Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 58,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.5% Nationality: noun-Bermudian(s); adjec- tive-Bermudian Ethnic divisions: 61 % black, 39% white and other Religion: 37% Anglican, 21% other Protes- tant, 28% Catholic, 28% Black Muslim and other Language: English Labor force: 29,669 employed (1980); 25% clerical, 22% services, 22% laborers, 13% pro- fessional and technical, 9% administrative and managerial, 7% sales, 2% agriculture and fishing Government Official name: Bermuda Type: British dependent territory Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) ap- pointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an ap- pointed Senate and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly; Supreme Court Government leaders: John W. DUNROSSIL; Governor (since 1983); John William David SWAN, Premier (since 1982) Suffrage: universal adult over age 21 Elections: at least once every five years; last general election February 1983 Political parties and leaders: United Ber- muda Party (UBP), John W. D. Swan; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne- Evans Voting strength: 1983 elections-UBP 65.1%, PLP 35%; UBP holds 26 House of As- sembly seats; PLP, 14 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), headed by Ottiwell Simmons Member of.. INTERPOL, WHO Economy GNP: $810 million (FY81/82), $12,400 per capita (FY81/82); real growth rate 4.4% (FY81 /82) Agriculture: main products-bananas, veg- etables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance, struc- tural concrete products, paints, perfumes, furniture Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Electric power: 110,000 kW capacity (1984); 350 million kWh produced (1984), 6,034 kWh per capita Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 17 districts Exports: $17 million (1982); semitropical pro- duce, light manufactures Imports: $348 million (1982); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 54% US, 16% Carib- bean countries, 10% UK, 6% Canada, 14% other; tourists, 90% US Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- chiding Ex-Im (FY70-81), from US $34 million; from Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $252 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $159 million; expendi- tures, $143 million (FY82/83) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 209 km public roads, all paved (approximately 400 km of private roads) Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George, Free- port) Airfields: l with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: modern telecom sys- tem, includes fully automatic telephone system with 46,290 sets (84.6 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces External defense is the responsibility of United Kingdom Land 46,620 km2; the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined; 70% forest; 15% agri- cultural; 15% desert, waste, urban People Population: 1,417,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1 % Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., pl.); adjective-Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhote, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist-influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotes speak various Tibetan dia- lects-most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha (official); Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Labor force: 95% agriculture, 1% industry and commerce (1983); massive lack of skilled labor Government Official name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Legal system: based on Indian law and En- glish common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: appointed ministers and indirectly elected National Assembly consisting of vil- lage elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior government adminis- trators Government leader: Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK, King (since 1972) Elections: popular elections on village level held every three years Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Indian merchant community, ethnic Nepalese organizations Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IMF, NAM, UNESCO, UPU, UN, WHO Economy GDP: $150 million (FY82/83), $110 per cap- ita; 1.4% real growth in FY82/83 Agriculture: rice, corn, barley, wheat, pota- toes, fruit, spices Major industries: cement, chemical prod- ucts, mining, distilling, food processing, handicrafts Electric power: 15,700 kW capacity (1984); 9 million kWh produced (1984), 6 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Bhutan (continued) Exports: $16.7 million (FY82/83); agricul- tural and forestry products, coal Imports: total imports $58.5 million (FY82/83); imports from India $45.2 million (FY82/83); textiles, cereals, vehicles, fuels, machinery Budget: total receipts, $53.6 million; expen- ditures, $63.9 million (FY83/84 est.) Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 12.092 ngultrums=12.092 Indian rupees=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traf- fic Airfields: 2 total; 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 11,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 20 AM stations; no TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bhutan Army Military manpower: males 15-49, 350,000; 188,000 fit for military service; about 17,000 reach military age (18) annually Land 1,098,581 km2; the size of Texas and Califor- nia combined; 45% urban, desert, waste, or other; 40% forest; 11 % pasture and meadow; 2% cultivated and fallow; 2% inland water People Population: 6,195,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Bolivian(s); adjective Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 30% Quechua, 25% Ay- mara, 25-30% mixed, 5-15% European Religion: 95% Roman Catholic; active Prot- estant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara (all official) Labor force: 1.7 million (1983); 47% agricul- ture, 23% services, 19% industry and commerce, 11% government Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concen- trated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation Government Official name: Republic of Bolivia Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: nine departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to.dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 Au- gust Branches: executive; bicameral legislature (National Congress-Senate and Chamber of Deputies); Congress began meeting again in October 1982; judiciary Government leader: Hernan SILES Zuazo, President (since October 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential elections on 29 June 1980 were won by the UDP coalition candi- date, Hernan Siles Zuazo; however, before the planned August inauguration, the gov- ernment was overthrown by the military; a series of military leaders followed; in Sep- tember 1982 the military moved to return the government to civilian rule; the 1980-elected congress met on 1 October and selected the .winner of the 1980 presidential election, Hernan Siles Zuazo, to head the government; Siles was inaugurated on 10 October 1982 Political parties and leaders: all major par- ties have experienced problems with internal divisions but are now trying to prepare for the June 1985 elections. Nationalist Revolu- tionary Movement of the Left (MNRI), Hernan Siles Zuazo; Nationalist Revolution- ary Movement (MNR), Victor Paz Estenssoro; Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Jaime Paz Zamora; Bolivian Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communist Revolutionary Party (PRIN), Juan Lechin Oquendo; National Democratic Action (ADN), Hugo Banzer Suarez; Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) Voting strength: (1980 elections) UDP Dem- ocratic Popular Unity Front, a coalition of the MNRI, MIR, and PCB 38.5%; MNR 20.5%; ADN 16.8% Member of. FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAIA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (cre- ated in May 1969 within LAIA, formerly LAFTA), NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $4.9 billion (1983 est.), $833 per capita; 80% private consumption, 12% public con- sumption, 8% gross domestic investment, -2.4% current account balance; 1983 est. growth, -12% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, coca, yucca, bananas, coffee; imports significant quantities of wheat Major industries: mining, smelting, petro- leum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 490,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.9 billion kWh produced (1984), 315 kWh per capita Exports: $778 million (f.o.b., 1983); natural gas, tin, silver, tungsten, zinc, antimony, lead, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton Imports: $503 million (c.i.f., 1983); food- stuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharma- ceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports-Argentina 48%, US 21%, EC 17%, Communist bloc 8%; imports-US 31%, EC 19%, Argentina 12%, Japan 11%, Brazil 10%, Communist bloc 10% (1983 prelim.) Budget: $284 million revenues, $965 million expenditures (1983 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 9,000 pesos=US$1 (December 1983) Communications Railroads: 3,675 km total; 3,538 km meter gauge (1.000 m) and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track; 105 km meter gauge (1.000 m) privately owned Highways: 38,830 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable water- ways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Airfields: 485 total, 427 usable; 9 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 119 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: radio-relay system being expanded; improved international ser- vices; 144,300 telephones (2.6 per 100 pop].); 143 AM, 29 FM, 43 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces Branches: Bolivian Army, Bolivian Navy, Bolivian Air Force (literally, the Army of the Nation, the Navy of the Nation, the Air Force of the Nation) Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,380,000; 903,000 fit for military service; 63,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $76.0 million; 12.3% of central government budget Boundary representation is not necessarily - n-rat-Land 600,372 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; about 6% arable; less than 1% cultivated; mostly desert People Population: 1,068,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Motswana (sing.), Batswana (pl.); adjective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% European Religion: 40% indigenous beliefs, 15% Chris- tian Language: English (official), Setswana vernacular Literacy: about 24% in English; about 35% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school grad- uates Labor force: about 400,000 total; 103,600 for- mal sector employees (1980-81); most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; 40,000 formal sector employees spend at least six to nine months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1980); 12% un- employment (1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Botswana (continued) Government Official name: Republic of Botswana Communists: no known Communist orga- nization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth Political subdivisions: 12 administrative dis- tricts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland (two and one-half years) and University of Edin- burgh (two years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 30 September Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the Cabinet, which is re- sponsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature (National Assembly with 34 popu- larly elected members and four members elected by the 34 representatives; House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only); judi- cial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: Dr. Quett K. J. MASIRE, President (since July 1980) Elections: general elections held 8 Septem- ber 1984 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett Masire; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma; Botswana People's Party (BPP); Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho Voting strength: (September 1984 election) Legislative Assembly-BDP, 28 seats; BNF, 5 seats; BPP, 1 seat Member of AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $722 million (1982); average annual real growth, 9.7% during 1976-82, 0% in FY81/82 Agriculture: principal crops are corn, sor- ghum, millet, cowpeas; livestock raised and exported; heavy dependence on imported food Major industries: livestock processing; min- ing of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; tourism Electric power: 105,000 kW capacity (1984); 651 million kWh produced (1984), 627 kWh per capita Exports: $640 million (f.o.b. 1983); dia- monds, cattle, animal products, copper, nickel Imports: $740 million (c.i.f., 1983); food- stuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: Switzerland, US, UK, other EC members of Southern African Cus- toms Union Budget: (FY83/84 est.) revenues $420 mil- lion, expenditures $460 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.39 pula=US$1 (5 September 1984) Communications Railroads: 726 km 1.067-meter gauge Highways: 11,500 km total; 1,600 km paved; 1,700 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,177 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Airfields: 103 total, 95 usable; 9 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the small system is a combination of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication sta- tions; 16,700 telephones (1.8 per 100 pop,.); 3 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Wing, Botswana Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 204,000; 108,000 fit for military service; 12,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1982, $26.6 million; 5% of central gov- ernment budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 8,512,100 k2m; larger than contiguous US; 60% forest; 23% built-on area, waste, and other; 13% pasture; 4% cultivated Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 137,502,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-Brazilian(s); adjective- Brazilian Ethnic divisions: Portuguese, Italian, Ger- man, Japanese, black, Amerindian; 55% white, 38% mixed, 6% black, 1% other Religion: (1980) 89% Roman Catholic (nomi- nal) Language: Portuguese (official) Labor force: about 50 million in 1982, 29.9% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing; 24.4% industry; 20.3% services, transporta- tion, and communication; 9.4% commerce; 7.0% social activities; 4.1% public adminis- tration; 2.9% other; significant underemployment and unemployment Government Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential regime since April 1964 Political subdivisions: 23 states, 3 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual sys- tem of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: Independence Day, 7 Sep- tember Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (National Con- gress-Senate, Chamber of Deputies; powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court Government leader: Jose SARNEY, Presi- dent (since April 1985) Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except il- literates; approximately 58,200,000 eligible to vote in 1982 Elections: Tancredo Neves indirectly elected by an electoral college composed of members of congress and delegates from the state legis- latures, ending 20 years of military rule; died before assuming office Political parties and leaders: progovernment before 15 March 1985 election-Democratic Social Party (PDS); Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Ulysses Guimaraes, president; four smaller parties are Workers Party (PT), Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), Democratic Labor Party (PDT), and Liberal Front Party (PFL) Voting strength: (November 1982 federal and state elections) 37% then progovernment PDS; 63% divided among four opposition parties (PMDB, PT, PTB, and PDT) Other political or pressure groups: liberal wing of the Catholic Church has been critical of military government's social and eco- nomic policies in recent years Member of. FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $211 billion, $1,607 per capita (1983 est.); 15% gross investment, 83% consump- tion, 2% net foreign balance (1983 est.); real growth rate -3.3% (1983 est.) Agriculture: main products-coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, soybeans, cotton, manioc, oranges; nearly self-sufficient Fishing: catch 828,656 metric tons (1981); ex- ports, $162 million (f.o.b., 1982); imports, $80 million (f.o.b., 1982) Major industries: textiles and other con- sumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking in- dustries, capital goods Crude steel: 20.0 million metric tons capac- ity; 14.7 million metric tons produced (1983 est.) Electric power: 41,300,000 kW capacity (1984); 160 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,191 kWh per capita Exports: $21.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); soybeans, coffee, transport equipment, iron ore, steel products, chemicals, machinery, orange juice, shoes, sugar Imports: $15.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum, machinery, chemicals, fertilizers, wheat, copper Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Brazil (continued) Major trade partners: exports-23% US, 7% Japan, 6% Netherlands, 5% FRG, 5% Italy, 4% France (1983 est.); imports-16% US, 14% Saudi Arabia, 13% Iraq, 5% Mexico, 5% FRG, 4% Venezuela, 4% Japan (1983) Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $19.6 billion; expenditures, $19.6 billion (Treasury budget only) Monetary conversion rate: 2622 cruzeiros=US$1 (31 October 1984) Communications Railroads: 24,600 km total; 22,450 km 1.000- meter gauge, 1,750 km 1.600-meter gauge (890 km Carajas ore line to open in 1985), 200 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 200 km 0.760-meter gauge; 879 km electrified Highways: 1,399,440 km total; 83,965 km paved, 1,315,475 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Ports: 8 major, 23 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 km; refined prod- ucts, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 176 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3,975 total, 2,989 usable; 300 with permanent-surface runways;1 with runways over 3,659 m; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 410 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good telecom system; extensive radio relay facilities; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations with total of 3 an- tennas; 60 domestic satellite stations; 8.54 million telephones (6.3 per 100 pop].); 1,485 AM, 150 FM, 200 TV stations; 3 coaxial sub- marine cables Defense Forces Branches: Brazilian Army, Navy of Brazil, Brazilian Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 34,539,000; 23,363,000 fit for military ser- vice; 1,465,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $3.5 billion; 8.5% of central government budget BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN ' BruneiBsy Land 5,765 km2; slightly larger than Delaware; 75% forest; 22% industry, waste, urban, or other; 3% cultivable (of which only 10% is cultivated) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm fishing zone) People Population: 221,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Bruneian(s); adjective- Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 70% Malay, 25% Chinese, 5% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official reli- gion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay official; English and Chi- nese Labor force: 68,128 (includes members of the Army); 63% trade and services; 23% manu- facturing and construction; 11% agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining (1981) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: State of Brunei Darussalam Type: became independent 1 January 1984; constitutional sultanate Exports: $18.6 billion (f.o.b., 1981 est.); 95% crude oil, liquefied natural gas, and petro- leum products Imports: $2.7 billion (c.i.f., 1981 est.); in- cludes machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, bever- ages and tobacco, mineral fuels and lubricants, rice and other agricultural goods Defense Forces Branches: Royal Brunei Armed Forces, in- cluding air wing, navy, and ground forces; British Gurkha Battalion; Royal Brunei Po- lice; Gurkha Reserve Unit Military manpower: males 15-49, 56,000; 34,000 fit for military service; about 3,000 reach military age (18) annually National holiday: National Day, 23 February Political subdivisions: four administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitu- tion promulgated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches: chief of state is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council), who appoints Ex- ecutive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah, Sultan (since August 1968) Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; three- tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections-March 1965; fur- ther elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigov- ernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, A. M. N. Azahari, chairman Communists: information not available (Jan- uary 1985) Member of. ASEAN, INTERPOL, OIC, UN Economy GDP: $4.3 billion (1981 est.), $21,625 per capita (1981) Agriculture: main crops-rice, pepper; must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction Electric power: 153,000 kW capacity (1984); 470 million kWh produced (1984), 2,156 kWh per capita Major trade partners: exports of crude petro- leum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, US 24%, UK 15%, Singapore 9% Budget: (1979) revenues $883 million, expen- ditures $500 million, surplus $383 million; 35% defense Monetary conversion rate: 2.163 Brunei dollars=US$ 1 (Setember 1984) Communications Railroads: 13 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge private line Highways: 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bi- tuminous treated), with another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined prod- ucts, 418 km; natural gas, 920 km Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; inter- national service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 17,930 telephones (8.0 per 100 popl.); Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM/FM stations and 1 TV station; 32,000 radio receivers; 1 satellite station Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $161 million; about 13.1% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Bulgaria Land 110,912 km2; slightly larger than Ohio; 41% arable; 33% forest; 15% other; 11% other agri- cultural Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Government Official name: People's Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofia Political subdivisions: 27 okrugs (districts); capital city of Sofia has equivalent status Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 September Branches: legislative (National Assembly); ju- diciary, Supreme Court Government leaders: Todor ZHIVKOV, Chairman, State Council (President and Chief of State; since July 1971); Georgi (Grisha) Stanchev FILIPOV, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier; since June 1981) Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-Interpa- tional Wheat Council, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; War- saw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Associa- tion, International Radio and Television Organization Economy GNP: $35.4 billion, 1983 (1981 dollars), $3,977 per capita; 1983 real growth rate; 0.1% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops-grain, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, sheep, hogs, poultry, cheese, sunflower seeds Major industries: food processing, machine building, chemicals, metallurgical products, electronics, textiles and clothing Shortages: some raw materials, metal prod- ucts Crude steel: 2.8 million metric.tons produced (1983), 313 kg per capita People Population: 8,980,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.2% Nationality: noun-Bulgarian(s); adjec- tive-Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarian, 8.5% Turk, 2.6% Gypsy, 2.5% Macedonian, 0.3% Armenian, 0.2% Russian, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Grego- rian-Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown Labor force: 3,997,615 (1983); 42.6% indus- try and commerce, 23.3% agriculture, 1.5% government, 32.6% other Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: held every five years for National Assembly; last election held on 7 June 1981; 99.96% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secre- tary of Permanent Board Communists: 825,811 party members (April 1981) Mass organizations and front groups: Fa- therland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth Union, Central Council of Trade Unions, Na- tional Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Cap- italism, Committee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian- Soviet Friendship Electric power: 9,524,000 kW capacity (1984); 43.899 billion kWh produced (1984), 4,900 kWh per capita Exports: $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 48% ma- chinery and equipment; 17% agricultural products; 11% fuels, mineral raw materials, and metals; 10% manufactured consumer, goods; 14% other Imports: $11.9 billion (f.o.b:, 1983); 46% fuels and minerals, 34% machinery and equip- ment, 5% chemicals, 4% manufactured consumer goods, 11% other (1982) Major trade partners: $23.3 billion in 1983; 57% with USSR, 21% with other Communist countries, 22% with non-Communist coun- tries Monetary conversion rate: 1.03 Ieva=US$1 (June 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communications Railroads: 4,267 km total; all government owned (1980); about 4,022 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 245 km narrow gauge; 654 km double track; 1,730 km electrified Highways: 36,058 km total; 2,910 km trunk roads, 3,833 km class I concrete, asphalt, stone block; 5,910 km class II asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,701 km class III earth; 3,704 km other (1983) Pipelines: crude, 193 km; refined product, 418 km; natural gas, 1,120 km Freight carried: rail-82.6 million metric tons, 18.1 billion metric ton/km (1983); high- way-930 million metric tons, 16.0 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway-4.8 mil- lion metric tons, 2.3 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic; 1983) Ports: 3 major (Varna, Varna West, Burgas), 6 minor (1981); principal river ports are Ruse and Lom (1981) Defense Forces Branches: Bulgarian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Air and Air Defense Forces, Bulgar- ian Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,156,000; 1,809,000 fit for military service; 64,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 2 submarines, 2 principal surface com- batants, 3 patrol combatants, 2 mine warfare ships, 16 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 25 amphibious warfare craft, 20 mine war- fare craft, 1 underway replenishment ship, 1 fleet support ship, 2 other auxiliaries Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984,1.1 billion leva; 6.2% of total budget Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) Government Official name: Burkina Faso Type: military; established by coup on 4 Au- gust 1983 Political subdivisions: 30 provinces, 250 de- partments Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and customary law National holiday: Independence Day, 4 Au- gust Land 240,200 km2; the size of Colorado; 50% pas- ture, 21% fallow, 10% cultivated, 9% forest and scrub, 10% waste and other People Population: 6,907,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Burkinabe; adjective- Burkinan Ethnic divisions: more than 50 tribes; princi- pal tribe is Mossi (about 2.5 million); other important groups are Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani Religion: 65% indigenous beliefs, about 25% Muslim, 10% Christian (mainly Catholic) Language: French (official); tribal languages belong to Sudanic family, spoken by 50% of the population Labor force: 90% agriculture; 10% industry, commerce, services, and government; about 30,000 are wage earners; about 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment Organized labor: four principal trade union groups represent less than 1% of population Branches: President is an army officer; mili- tary council of unknown number; 21- member military and civilian Cabinet; judiciary Government leaders: Capt. Thomas SANKARA, President (since August 1983) Elections: political process suspended; no talk of returning to constitutional rule Political parties and leaders: all political par- ties banned following November 1980 coup Communists: small Communist party front group; some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: commit- tees for the defense of the revolution, watchdog/political action groups established by current regime throughout the country in both organizations and communities Member of. AfDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, GATT, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $66 million (1984), $157 per capita (1984); real growth, - 1.3% (1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Burkina Faso (continued) Agriculture: cash crops-peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops-sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; food deficiency Major industries: agricultural processing plants, brewery, bottling, and brick plants; a few other light industries Electric power: 55,000 kW capacity (1984); 134 million kWh produced (1984), 19 kWh per capita Exports: $110 million (f.o.b., 1983); livestock (on the hoof), peanuts, shea nut products, cot- ton, sesame Imports: $230 million (f.o.b., 1983); textiles, food, and other consumer goods, transport equipment, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: Ivory Coast and Ghana; overseas trade mainly with France and other EC countries; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 82), $1.5 billion; US authorized including Ex- Im (FY70-83) $178 million; Communist countries (1970-83), $54 million Budget: (1983) revenue $220 million, current expenditures $148 million, development ex- penditures $161 million Monetary conversion rate: about 479.87 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,173 km Ouagadougou to Abi- djan (Ivory Coast line); 516 km meter gauge (1.00 m), single track in Burkina Faso Highways: 16,500 km total; 967 km paved, 7,733 km improved, 7,800 km unimproved Airfields: 54 total, 52 usable; 2 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: all services only fair; radio relay, wire, radio communication sta- tions in use; 8,600 telephones (under 0.14 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,540,000; 776,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Supply: mainly dependent on France, FRG, and UK Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $26.9 million; about 18.1% of central government budget Land 676,552 km2; nearly as large as Texas; 62% forest; 28% arable, of which 12% is culti- vated; 10% urban and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (24 nm security zone and 200 nm economic, including fishing, zone) People Population: 36,919,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun-Burmese; adjective- Burmese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 6% Indian, 3% Chinese, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% indigenous be- liefs, Christian, or other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Labor force: 14.19 million (1982/83); 63.6% agriculture, 12% government, 9.5% trade, 9.4% industry, 5.5% other Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Organized labor: Workers' Asiayone or "association" (1.56 million members) and Peasants' Asiayone (7.83 million members) integrated into the country's sole political party Member of ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bitumi- nous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth Government Official name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Political subdivisions: seven divisions (pre- dominantly Burman population) and seven states (based on ethnic minorities), subdi- vided into townships, village-tracts (rural), and wards (urban) Legal system: People's justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 con- stitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 Jan- uary Branches: Council of State rules through a Council of Ministers; National Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Congress) has legislative power Government leader: U SAN YU, President and Chairman of Council of State (since No- vember 1981) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: National Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1981 Political parties and leaders: government- sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party; U Ne Win, party chairman Communists: est. 15,000 (primarily as an in- surgent group on the northeast frontier) Other political or pressure groups: Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions (all insurgent groups) Economy GDP: $5.9 billion (1982/83, in current prices), $166 per capita; real growth rate 6.5% (1982/83) Agriculture: accounts for 64% of total em- ployment and about 29% of GDP; main crops-paddy, pulses, sugarcane, beans, pea- nuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 594,540 metric tons (1981) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood prod- ucts; petroleum refining Electric power: 818,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1984), 47 kWh per capita Exports: $378.9 million (f.o.b., 1983); rice, teak, hardwoods, base metals, ores Imports: $735.5 million (f.o.b., 1983); ma- chinery and transportation equipment, building materials, oil industry equipment Major trade partners: exports-Singapore, Western Europe, China, UK, Japan; im- ports-Japan, Western Europe, Singapore, UK Budget: (1982/83) $4.7 billion est. revenues, $5.3 billion expenditures, $600 million deficit Monetary conversion rate: 8.6052 kyats=US$1 (September 1983) Communications Railroads: 4,353 km total; all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113 km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Pipelines: crude, 530 km Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: about 17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters) Airfields: 89 total, 86 usable; 24 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: provide minimum re- quirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous ar- eas; 49,597 telephones (1982/83; 1 per 1,000 popl.); 1 AM station, no FM stations, 2 TV stations (December 1982); 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 17,072,000; of the 8,515,000 males 15-49, 4,713,000 are fit for military service; of the 8,557,000 females 15-49, 4,722,000 are fit for military service; about 403,000 males and 393,000 females reach military age(18)annu- ally; both sexes are liable for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, mem- bership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unobtainable Economy GDP: about $1.12 billion (1983), $247 per capita; 3% real growth rate (1983) BUJUMBURA! Agriculture: major cash crops-coffee, cot- ton, tea; main food crops-manioc, yams, peas, corn, sorghum, bananas, haricot beans Major industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing Electric power: 20,000 kW capacity (1984); 17 million kWh produced (1984), 3 kWh per capita Exports: $79 million (f.o.b., 1983); coffee (87%), tea, cotton, hides, skins Land 27,834 km2; the size of Maryland; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated); 23% pasture; 10% scrub and forest; 30% other People Population: 4,788,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Burundian(s); adjec- tive-Burundi Ethnic divisions: Africans-85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pygmy); other Africans include around 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zair- ians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians Religion: about 67% Christian (62% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant), 32% indigenous be- liefs, about I% Muslim Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Labor force: about 1.9 million (1983); 93% agriculture, 4% government, 1.5% industry and commerce, 1.5% services Government Official name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; presidential system; previous military government overthrown in military coup in 1976 Political subdivisions: 15 provinces, subdi- vided into arrondissements and communes according to a 1982 redistricting Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not ac- cepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: executive (President and Cabinet); judicial; legislature (National Assembly) re- established in 1982 Government leader: Col. Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA, President and Head of State (since 1976) Elections: new constitution approved by na- tional referendum in November 1981; election to National Assembly held in Octo- ber 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi-led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966; second national party congress held in 1984; Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza confirmed as party president for five-year term Member of AfDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Imports: $198 million (c.i.f., 1983); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Budget: (1983) revenue $121.4 million, ex- penditure $146.4 million Monetary conversion rate: 120 Burundi francs=US$ 1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 5,950 km total; 2,500 km gravel or laterite; 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika naviga- ble for lake steamers and barges;1 lake port at Bujumbura Airfields: 8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Telecommunications: sparse system of wire and low-capacity radio-relay links; about 6,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces Branches: Army (including naval and air units); paramilitary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,091,000; 567,000 fit for military service; 53,000 reach military age (16) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $32.8 million; about 18.6% of central government budget Cambodia (formerly Kampuchea) Boundary representation is not necessarily a ethn.itati-. Land 181,035 km2; the size of Missouri; 74% forest; 16% cultivated; 10% built on, waste, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 6,249,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Cambodian(s); adjec- tive-Cambodian Ethnic divisions: 90% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 5% other minorities Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% other Government Official name: Coalition Government of Democratic Cambodia (CGDK; composed of three resistance groups deployed along the Thai border); People's Republic of Cambodia (PRK; pro-Vietnamese, in Phnom Penh) Type: CGDK is nationalist coalition of one Communist and two non-Communist fac- tions; PRK is Communist Legal system: Judicial Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly in Demo- cratic Cambodia; no information for PRK Branches: Cabinet, State Presidium, and some form of People's Representative Assem- bly in Democratic Cambodia; People's Revolutionary Council, various ministries, and a "National Congress" held in early 1979 and a second time in September 1979 in PRK Government leaders: CGDK-Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, President (since June 1982); SON SANN, Prime Minister; KHIEU SAMPHAN, Vice President (since December 1979); PRK-HENG SAMRIN, President (since January 1979); HUN SEN, Foreign Minister (since January 1979) Political parties and leaders: CGDK-Dem- ocratic Cambodia Khmer Communist Party disbanded December 1981, though chief po- litical figure still former party chairman Pol Pot, Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under Son Sann, and Na- tional United Front for an independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambo- dia under Prince Norodom Sihanouk; PRK- Cambodian Peoples Revolutionary Party, the Communist party installed by Vietnam in 1979, and Cambodian United Front for Na- tional Construction and Defense (KUFNCD) Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, II3RD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO for CGDK; none for PRK Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Cambodia (continued) Economy GNP: no aggregate information available (January 1985) Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops-rice, rub- ber, corn; food shortages-rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1984); 144 million kWh produced (1984), 23 kWh per capita Exports: probably less than $10 million est. (1983); natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood Imports: probably less than $30 million (1983); international food aid; Soviet bloc economic development aid-value unknown (post-1979) Aid: economic commitments-US (FY70- 82), $709 million; other Western (1970-82), $227 million; military (FY70-82)-US, $1,260 million; Communist data not avail- able Budget: no budget data available since Com- munists took over government Monetary conversion rate: 4 riels=US$1 (1984) Communications Railroads: 612 km 1.000-meter gauge; gov- ernment owned Highways: 13,351 km total; 2,622 km bitumi- nous, 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Airfields: 34 total, 14 usable; 7 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service barely ade- quate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; in- ternational service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; radiobroadcasts limited to 1 station; 1 TV station Defense Forces Branches: CGDK consists of National Army of Democratic Cambodia, Khmer Peoples National Liberation Front, and Sihanoukist National Army; PRK-People's Republic of Cambodia Armed Forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,711,000; 919,000 fit for military service; about 80,000 reach military age (18) annually Land 475,439 km2; somewhat larger than Califor- nia; 50% forest; 18% meadow; 13% fallow; 4% cultivated; 15% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm People Population: 9,771,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Cameroonian(s); adjec- tive-Cameroonian Ethnic divisions: over 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon High- landers, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 11% Kirdi, 10% Fulani, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: over one-half indigenous beliefs, one-third Christian, one-sixth Muslim Language: English and French (official), 24 major African language groups Labor force: (1983) 74.4% agriculture, 11.4% industry and transport, 9.7% other services Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force Government Official name: United Republic of Came- roon Type: unitary republic; one-party presiden- tial regime Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $6.7 billion (1983), about $724 per cap- ita; real annual growth rate, 5.0% (1983) Highways: approximately 65,000 km total; including 2,500 km bituminous, 7,000 km gravel and earth, 7,400 km improved earth, 28,000 km unimproved Inland waterways: 2,090 km; of decreasing importance Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: 10 provinces further divided into departments, arrondissements, districts Legal system: based on'French civil law sys- tem, with common law influence; unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitu- tionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive (President), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court) Government leader: Paul BIYA, President (since November 1982) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: parliamentary elections held May 1983; presidential elections held January 1984 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroon National Union (UNC), instituted in 1966, Paul Biya, president Communists: no Communist party or signifi- cant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Came- roon People's Union (UPC), remains an illegal group with its factional leaders in exile Member of. AfBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (asso- ciate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Agriculture: commercial and food crops- coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, ba- nanas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: 23,000 metric tons (1982/83) Major industries: crude oil; small aluminum plant, food processing, and light consumer goods industries; sawmills Electric power: 569,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.793 billion kWh produced (1984), 188 kWh per capita Exports: $1.904 billion (f.o.b., 1983); crude oil, cocoa, coffee, timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $1.100 billion (f.o.b., 1982); con- sumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages Major trade partners: most trade with France, other EC countries, and the US Budget: (1984 est.) revenues $1,777 million, current expenditures $1,696 million Monetary conversion rate: 417.4 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 (October 1983) Communications Railroads: 1,173 km total; 858 km 1.000- meter gauge, 145 km 0.600-meter gauge Airfields: 58 total, 54 usable; 7 with perma- nent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good system of open wire and radio relay; 30,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 1 FM, noTV stations;1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; planned TV network Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force; paramili- tary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,170,000; 1,092,000 fit for military service; about 90,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $85.4 million; 10.7% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communists: approx. 2,000 Land 9,976,139 km2; slightly larger than the US; 44% forest; 42% waste or urban; 8% inland water; 4% cultivated; 2% meadow and pas- ture Land boundaries: 9,010 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 25,399,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.0% Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjec- tive-Canadian Ethnic divisions: 45% British Isles origin, 29% French origin, 23% other European, 1.5% indigenous Indian and Eskimo Religion: 46% Roman Catholic, 18% United Church, 12% Anglican Labor force: 12.2 million (December 1983); 68% services (37% government, 23% trade and finance, 8% transportation), 18% manu- facturing, 6% construction, 4% agriculture, 5% other; 11.9% unemployment (1983 aver- age); 11.1 % unemployment (December 1983) Government Official name: Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 ter- ritories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution as of 1982 (formerly British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reserva- tions National holiday: Canada Day, 1 July Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parlia- ment (282 seats) consisting of Queen represented by Governor General, Senate, and House of Commons; judges appointed by Governor General on the advice of the gov- ernment; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leaders: Brian MULRONEY, Prime Minister (since September 1984); Jeanne SAUVE, Governor General (since May 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of five years; but in practice usually held within four years; last election September 1984; voter turnout, 72% Political parties and leaders: Liberal, John Turner; Progressive Conservative, Brian Mulroney; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent Voting strength: (1984 election) Progressive Conservative, 50%; Liberal, 28%; New Dem- ocratic Party, 19%; parliamentary seats as of December 1984-Progressive Conservative (121), Liberal (40), New Democratic Party (30), independent (1) Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDB-Inter- American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC- International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, PAHO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $313.6 billion (1983), $12,592 per cap- ita (1983); 58.7% consumption, 19.9% investment, 21.5% government, 0.2% net for- eign trade; -.3% change in inventories; real growth rate 3.2% (1976-83) Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products, feedgrains, oilseeds, tobacco; food short- ages-fresh fruits and vegetables Fishing: catch 1.39 million metric tons (1982) Major industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemi- cals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, preci- sion instruments Crude steel: 12.7 million metric tons pro- duced (1983) Electric power: 92,725,000 kW capacity (1984); 419.118 billion kWh produced (1984), 16,670 kWh per capita Exports: $82.835 billion (f.o.b., 1983; princi- pal items transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $72.267 billion (f.o.b., 1983); princi- pal items transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communica- tion equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Major trade partners: imports-71.6% US, 5.9% Japan, 2.4% UK; exports-72.7% US, 5.0% Japan, 2.7% UK, 2.0% USSR (1983) Aid: economic-(received US, $1.8 billion Ex-Im Bank, FY70-81); Canada commit- ments to LDCs, bilateral ODA and OOF, $14.2 billion (1970-82) Budget: total revenues $61.68 billion; current expenditures $80.82 billion; budget deficit $19.14 billion (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 1.322 C$= US$1 (2 January 1985) Communications Railroads: 66,372 km total; 65,096 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 63 km electrified; 1,131 km 1.067-meter gauge (in Newfound- land); 145 km 0.914-meter gauge Highways: 884,272 km total; 712,936 km sur- faced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth Inland waterways: 3,000 km Pipelines: oil, 23,564 km total crude and re- fined; natural gas, 74,980 km Civil air: 636 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,557 total, 1,328 usable; 395 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 323 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent service pro- vided by modern telecom media; 16.2 million telephones (67.1 per 100 pop].); coun- trywide AM, FM, and TV coverage, including 630 AM, 80 FM, 500 TV stations; 6 coaxial submarine cables; 3 satellite stations with total of 5 antennas and 100 domestic sat- ellite stations Defense Forces Branches: Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Canadian Forces Europe, Train- ing Command Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,028,000; 6,014,000 fit for military service; 197,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1983 the defense budget was $6.6 bil- lion; about 9.7% of central government budget Cape Verde as a0 , 1-011110 Sao Vicente Sao Nicolau Boa Vista Fogo Ilhas do Sots ento Maio ell (PRAIA Sao 7iago Land 4,040 km2, divided among 10 islands and sev- eral islets; slightly larger than Rhode Island Water Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (eco- nomic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 315,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun-Cape Verdean(s); adjec- tive-Cape Verdean Ethnic divisions: about 71% Creole (mu- latto); 28% African; 1% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local su- perstitions Language: Portuguese and Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture Government Official name: Republic of Cape Verde Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Cape Verde (continued) Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: based on constitution National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July Branches: National People's Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Aristides PEREIRA, President (since July 1975); Pedro PIRES, Prime Minister (since July 1975) Suffrage: universal over age 15 Elections: National Assembly election held December 1980, the first since independence Political parties and leaders: only legal party, African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Aristides Pereira, secretary general; PAICV estab- lished in January 1981 to replace the former ruling party in both Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau, the African Party for the Indepen- dence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), in protest of the November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau Communists: a few Communists, some sym- pathizers Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GNP: $106 million (1982 prov.); $353 per capita GNP (1982); 0% growth rate (1978) Agriculture: main crops-corn, beans, man- ioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 10,381 metric tons (1982); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining Electric power: 14,000 kW capacity (1984); 15 million kWh produced (1984); 50 kWh per capita Exports: $1.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); fish, ba- nanas, salt, flour Imports: $68.1 million (c.i.f., 1983); petro- leum products, corn, rice, machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, UK, Japan, African neighbors Budget: $20.4 million public revenue, $26.7 million current expenditures (1984) Monetary conversion rate: 89.27 escudos=US$1 (November 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Ports: 2 major (Mindelo and Praia), 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland radio- relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal and Guinea-Bissau, about 1,740 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 FM 2 AM stations; 1 small TV station; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces Branches: People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP); Army, Navy, and Air Force are separate components of FARP Military manpower: males 15-49, 86,000; 50,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $15 million; about 5% of central government budget Central African Republic Land 622,984 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; 80- 85% meadow, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, or waste; 10-15% cultivated; 5% dense forest People Population: 2,667,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun-Central African(s); ad- jective-Central African Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; 34% Baya, 28% Banda, 10% Sara, 9% Mandjia, 9% Mboum, 7% M'Baka; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 3,600 are French Religion: 25% Protestant, 25% Roman Cath- olic, 24% indigenous beliefs, 10% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influ- ence the Christian majority Language: French (official); Sangho, lingua franca and national language Labor force: 1,320,000 (1983); 88% agricul- ture, 4% industry and commerce, 4% services, 4% government; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: Central African Republic Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts, sesame, wood; main food crops manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes radio-relay links; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Type: republic, under military rule since September 1981 Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures Legal system: based on French law; constitu- tion, which was approved in February 1981 referendum, was suspended after September 1981 military takeover; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts National holiday: Independence Day, 13 August; National Day, 1 December Branches: Gen. Andre-Dieudonne Kolingba is Chief of State and President of the Military Committee for National Recovery, which re- placed the Council of Ministers; no legis- lature; separate judiciary Government leader: Gen. Andre-Dieudonne KOLINGBA, Chief of State and President of the Military Committee for National Recov- ery (since September 1981) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: political parties were banned in September 1981 Communists: no Communist party; small number of Communist sympathizers Member of. AfDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, UEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: $616 million (1983), $244 per capita, -2.3% real growth (1983) Major industries: sawmills, brewery, dia- mond mining and splitting Electric power: 46,000 kW capacity (1984); 80 million kWh produced (1984), 30 k W h per capita Exports: $113.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $136.5 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.); tex- tiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemi- cals, pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: exports-France, Bel- gium, Japan, US; imports-France and other EC countries, Japan, Algeria, Yugoslavia Budget: (1983) revenues $95.3 million; cur- rent expenditures $113.7 million; official foreign debt $268.1 million (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 422.25 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 20,560 km total; 454 km bitumi- nous, 10,196 km improved earth, 12,690 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams Airfields: 67 total, 59 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: facilities are meager; network is composed of low-capacity, low- powered radiocommunication stations and Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 586,000; 303,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, USSR, FRG, South Korea, and PRC Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983; $12.2 million; about 14.5% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 1,284,000 km2; four-fifths the size of Alaska; 35% pasture; 17% arable; 2% forest and scrub; 46% other use and waste People Population: 5,246,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective- Chadian Ethnic divisions: some 200 distinct ethnic groups, including Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Maba) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo- Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 3,000 of them French Religion: 52% Muslim, 43% indigenous be- liefs, 5% Christian Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south; more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken Labor force: 85% agriculture (engaged in un- paid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force Government Official name: Republic of Chad Type: republic Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitution sus- pended and National Assembly dissolved April 1975; Fundamental Act, a quasi-con- stitution decreed in October 1982, provides juridical framework whereby decrees are promulgated by the president; judicial re- view of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted com- pulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: presidency; Council of Ministers; National Consultative Council Government leaders: Hissein HABRE, Presi- dent (since June 1982) Political parties and leaders: National Union for Independence and Revolution (UNIR) es- tablished June 1984 with Habre as president; numerous dissident groups Communists: no front organizations or un- derground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: the devel- opment of a stable government continues to be hampered by prolonged tribal and re- gional antagonisms; ex-President Goukouni Weddeye heads a rebel government, with Libyan backing, that has driven Habre's forces out of the northern third of Chad Member of. AfDB, CEAO, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EEC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy During the last decade droughts and plagues of locusts have caused widespread food short- ages, and years of civil war have devasted the economy; reliable current economic data are unavailable GDP: $500 million (1980), $110 per capita (1980); estimated real annual growth rate 0.6% (1971-81) Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum ara- bic, livestock, peanuts, fish; food crops- millet, sorghum, rice, sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, dates; imports food Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1982 est.) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaugh- terhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1984); 43 million kWh produced (1984), 8 kWh per capita Exports: $45.8 million (1983); cotton 75%, meat, fish, animal products Imports: $84.0 million (1983); cement, petro- leum, flour, sugar, tea, machinery, textiles, motor vehicles Major trade partners: imports-50% Nige- ria, 13% Netherlands Antilles, 8% France, 7% Cameroon, 5% Gabon; exports-37% Nige- ria, 10% Portugal, 9% France, 8% FRG, 6% Cameroon Budget: (1978 est.) public revenue $67.4 mil- lion, current revenue $89.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 422.25 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (February 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communications Railroads: none Highways: 27,505 km total; 242 km bitumi- nous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 2,000 km navigable Airfields: 73 total, 66 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Language: French (official); Sangho, lingua franca and national language Telecommunications: fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links; satellite ground station; 5,000 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 FM, 3 AM stations; many facilities inoperative Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,197,000; 618,000 fit for military service; about 49,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $8.7 million; about 25% of total budget Boundary rep,esentation is not necessarily authoritative Land 756,945 km2; larger than Texas; 47% barren mountain, desert, and urban; 29% forest; 15% permanent pasture, meadow; 7% other ara- ble; 2% cultivated Land boundaries: 6,325 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 11,882,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.5% Nationality: noun-Chilean(s); adjective- Chilean Ethnic divisions: 95% European and Euro- pean-Indian, 3% Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protes- tant Labor force: 3.0 million total employment (1982); 33% industry and commerce; 31 % ser- vices; 9% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 9% mining; 5% construction Organized labor: 12% of labor force orga- nized into labor unions (1982) Government Official name: Republic of Chile Political subdivisions: 12 regions plus one metropolitan district, 41 provincial subdi- visions Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes in- fluenced by French and Austrian law; current constitution came into effect in March 1981; the constitution provides for continued direct rule until 1989, with a phased return to full civilian rule by 1997; judicial review of legislative acts in the Su- preme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several oth- ers; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September Branches: four-man Military-Police junta, which exercises constituent and legislative powers and has delegated executive powers to President of Junta; the President has an- nounced a plan for transition from military to civilian rule by 1989; National Congress (Sen- ate, House of Representatives) dissolved; civilian judiciary remains Government leaders: Gen. Augusto PINO- CHET Ugarte, President (since September 1973); Adm. Jose Toribio MERINO Castro (since September 1973), Air Force Maj. Gen. Fernando MATTHEI Aube] (since July 1978), Carabinero Gen. Cesar MENDOZA Duran (since September 1973), Army Lt. Gen. Cesar BENAVIDES Escobar (since March 1981), junta members Elections: prohibited by decree; all electoral registers were destroyed in 1974 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Chile (continued) Political parties and leaders: all political par- ties are officially recessed or outlawed, but they have been allowed to function on a very limited basis since 1982; National Party (PN), Patricio Philips; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Sergio Fernandez; National Unity Movement (MUN), Andres Allamand; Movement of National Action (MAN), Federico Willoughby; Radical Party (PR), Enrique Silva Cimma; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Luis Bossay; Christian Demo- cratic Party (PDC), Gabriel Valdes; Republican Right, Hugo Zepeda; Socialist Party, Ramon Silva Ulloa and Julio Stuardo (the PR, PSD, PDC, Republican Right, and some elements of the Socialist Party form the Democratic Alliance [AD]); Movement of Unitary Popular Action (MAPU); Movement of Unitary Popular Action-Workers/ Peasants (MAPU-OC), Bias Tomic and Oscar Garreton Purcell; Christian Left (IC), Luis Maira; Communist Party of Chile (PCCh), Luis Corvalan Lepe (in exile); Socialist Party-Almeyda faction (PSCh/Alm), Clodomiro Almeyda (in exile); Socialist Party-Altamirano faction (PSCh/Alt), Carlos Altamirano (in exile); Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Andres Pascal Allende (in exile); the MIR, PSCh/Alm, and PCCh form the leftist Popular Democratic Movement (MDP) Voting strength: (1970 presidential election) 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conser- vative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confederation (PDC and PN) Communists: 248,000 when PCCh was legal in 1973; active militants now estimated at about 20,000 Member of. CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, LAIA, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GDP: $23.6 billion (1982), $2,178.1 per cap- ita; 77% private consumption, 14.8% government consumption; 9.9% gross invest- ment, 1.7% net foreign balance; real growth rate 14.3% (1982) Agriculture: main crops-wheat, potatoes, corn, sugar beets, onions, beans, fruits; net ag- ricultural importer Fishing: catch 4 million metric tons (1982); exports $307.1 million (1983) Major industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, pulp, paper, and forestry products Crude steel: 765.0 billion metric tons capac- ity (1980); 715,600 metric tons produced (1980) Electric power: 3,250,000 kW capacity (1984); 12.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,072 kWh per capita Exports: $3.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); copper, molybdenum, iron ore, paper products, fishmeal, fruits, wood products Imports: $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum, sugar, wheat, capital goods, vehicles Major trade partners: exports-28% US, 13% FRG, 9% Japan, 5% UK, 4% Brazil (1983); imports-24% US, 6% Brazil, 6% FRG, 5% Japan, 2% Venezuela (1983) Communications Railroads: 8,478 km total; 4,257 km 1.676- meter gauge, 135 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 4,221 km 1.000-meter gauge; elec- trification, 1,503 km, 1.676-meter gauge, 79 km 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 78,025 km total; 9,365 km paved, 37,700 km gravel, 32,000 km improved and unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 755 km; refined prod- ucts, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km Airfields: 359 total, 320 usable; 46 with per- manent-surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 51 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: modern telephone system based on extensive radio-relay facili- ties; 595,100 telephones (5.0 per 100 popl.); 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; 2 domestic satellite stations; 151 AM, 81 FM, 122 TV sta- tions Defense Forces Branches: Army of the Nation, National Navy, Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,149,000; 2,369,000 fit for military service; about 119,000 reach military age (19) annually Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Command (CUD), a social grouping of 300 labor organizations and other groups, dominated by the PCCh; labor- National Workers Command (CNT), in- cludes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church Budget: revenues, $4.1 billion; expenditures, $4.4 billion (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 128 pesos=US$1 (January 1985) Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $776 million; 14.6% of cen- tral government budget Fiscal year: calendar year 46 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 China (Taiwan listed at end of table) B , n00C~0S -Oy uiy ,ntn1,0, 5 1 n aulh Onidlroo. Language: Standard Chinese (Putonghua) or Mandarin (based on the Beijing dialect); also Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Can, Hakka dialects, and minority languages (see ethnic divisions) Government leaders: ZHAO Ziyang, Pre- mier of State Council (since September 1980); LI Xiannian, President (since June 1983); PENG Zhen, Chairman of NPC Standing Committee (since June 1983) Land 9.6 million km2; slightly larger than US; 74.3% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed); 11% culti- vated (sown area extended by multi- cropping); 12.7% forest and woodland; 2-3% inland water Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 1,041,346,000 (July 1985), aver- age annual growth rate 0.9% Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Chinese Ethnic divisions: 93.3% Han Chinese; 6.7% Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and numer- ous lesser nationalities Religion: officially atheist; most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclec- tic, not seriously religious; most important elements of religion are Confucianism, Tao- ism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2- 3% Muslim, 1% Christian Labor force: est. 447.1 million (December 1983); 74.4% agriculture, 15% industry and commerce, 10.6% other Government Official name: People's Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authority lies with Communist Party's Polituro; the Na- tional People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, usually ratifies the party's programs; the State Council actu- ally directs the government Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 cen- trally governed municipalities, 5 autonomous regions Legal system: a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of adminis- trative and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court, which reviews lower court decisions; laws and legal proce- dure subordinate to priorities of party policy; regime has attempted to write civil and Com- munist codes; new legal codes in effect 1 January 1980; party and state constitutions revised in September and November 1982, respectively; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil and commercial law Branches: control is exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervises ministries, commissions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the Stand- ing Committee of the National People's Congress Elections: elections held for People's Con- gress representatives at county level Political parties and leaders: Chinese Com- munist Party (CCP), headed by Hu Yaobang as General Secretary of Central Committee Communists: about 39 million party mem- bers in 1981 Other political or pressure groups: such op- position as exists consists of loose coalitions that vary by issue rather than organized groups; the People's Liberation Army has conventionally been seen as a major force, but its political influence has been much re- duced over the past few years Member of. FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, Multifiber Arrangement, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GNP: $309 billion (1984 est.), $300 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, wheat, other grains, oilseed, cotton; agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 12.7 million met- ric tons in 1983 Major industries: iron, steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles, petroleum Shortages: complex machinery and equip- ment, highly skilled scientists and technicians, energy, and transport Crude steel: 43.7 million metric tons pro- duced, 42 kg per capita (1984) Electric power: 79,200,000 kW capacity (1984); 360 billion kWh produced (1984), 346 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 China (continued) Exports: $23.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); manufac- tured goods, agricultural products, oil, minerals Imports: $18.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); grain, chemical fertilizer, steel, industrial raw ma- terials, machinery, equipment Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, US, FRG, Jordan, Canada, Brazil, Singapore (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 2.64 renminbi yuan=US$1(31 October 1983) Communications Railroads: networks total about 52,500 route km common carrier lines; about 600 km 1.000-meter gauge; rest 1.435-meter stan- dard gauge; all single track except approximately 9,500 km double track on standard gauge lines; approximately 3,000 km electrified; about 10,000 km industrial lines (gauges range from 0.762 to 1.067 me- ters) Highways: about 1,001,000 km all types roads; about 260,000 km unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 581,000 km im- proved earth roads; about 190,000 km paved roads Inland waterways: 138,600 km; about 108,900 km navigable Pipelines: crude, 6,000 km; refined products, 1,100 km; natural gas, 3,600 km Airfields: 322 total; 263 with permanent-sur- face runways; 13 with runways 3,500 m and over; 66 with runways 2,500 to 3,499 m; 221 with runways 1,200 to 2,499 m; 26 with run- ways less than 1,200 m; 2 seaplane stations; 7 heliports, 7 airfields tinder construction Telecommunications: fair to good domestic and international services exist primarily for official purposes; unevenly distributed inter- nal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships; 29,092 long-dis- tance telephone exchange lines with direct, automatic service to 26 cities; 5.15 million di- rect line telephones (3-5 telephones per 100 popl. in large cities,1 telephone per 200 popl. national average); local public nets are 65% automatic; 40,000 post and telegraph offices with about 700 main telegraph centers capa- ble of general message service at the county level and above; subscriber teleprinter ex- change (telex) and facsimile available in 14 main metropolitan areas; unknown number of data information transfer points; domestic audio radio broadcast coverage to 64.5% of the population; 122 main AM and 630 trans- mitter and relay stations; unknown number of FM radio and wired rebroadcast stations with 215 million receivers; TV coverage to 60% of the population; 52 TV centers; about 400 local and network TV relay transmitter stations; 7,000 low-power recorder and re- distribution facilities; 36 million mono- chrome and color TV receiver sets; 2 major international switching centers and 1 re- gional outlet, satellite communications and long-haul point-to-point radio circuits, re- gional cable and wire landlines, directional radio-relay, and sealed coaxial telephone ca- ble (damaged) permit linkage with most countries; direct voice and message commu- nications with 46 countries and regions; TV exchange to major cities on 5 continents through INTELSAT Pacific and Indian. Ocean earth satellite; AM radio broadcasts in 38 languages to 140 countries and regions Defense Forces Branches: Chinese People's Liberation Army (CPLA), CPLA Navy (including Marines), CPLA Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 285,513,000; 159,299,000 fit for military ser- vice; 13,080,000 reach military age (18) annually Land 1,138,914 km2; about the size of Texas and New Mexico combined; 72% unsettled (mostly forest and savannah); 28% settled (consisting of 5% crop and fallow; 14% pas- ture, 6% forest, swamp, and water; 3% urban and other) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 29,506,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Colombian(s); adjec- tive-Colombian Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% Cauca- sian, 14% mulatto, 4% black, 3% mixed black- Indian, 1% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 81 % Labor force: 9 million (1982); 53% services, 26% agriculture, 21% industry (1980); 14% official unemployment (1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: Republic of Colombia Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Voting strength: (1982 presidential election) Belisario Betancur 46.8%, Alfonso Lopez Michelsen 40.7%, Luis Carlos Galan 11.1%, Gerardo Molina 1.2%, other 1.2%; 49% ab- stention Major trade partners: exports-29% US, 18% FRG, 7% Venezuela, 5% Italy, 4.5% Ja- pan; imports-35% US, 11% Japan, 7% Venezuela, 6% FRG, 3% France, 2.5% Spain, 1% Ecuador (1983) Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 3 intendancies, 5 commissariats, Bogota Spe- cial District Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; con- stitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reserva- tions National holiday: Independence Day, 30 July Branches: President, bicameral legislature (Parliament-Senate, House of Represen- tatives), judiciary Government leader: Belisario BETANCUR Cuartas, President (since August 1982) Elections: every fourth year; last presidential election held in May 1982; last congressional election March 1982; municipal and depart- mental elections every two years, last held in March 1984 Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party-leadership currently undergoing changes, with eight congressmen sharing plu- ral leadership; main dissident faction is headed by Luis Carlos Galan; Conservative Party-Alvaro Gomez Hurtado and Misael Pastrana Borrero head the two principal wings united behind current President Belisario Betancur, who leads a small faction; Communist Party (PCC), Gilberto Vieira White; Communist Party/Marxist-Leninist (PCC/ML), Maoist orientation Communists: 10,000-12,000 members est. Member of. FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, LAIA and Andean Sub-Regional Group, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $48 billion (1984 est).; $1,660 per cap- ita (1984); 69% private consumption, 26% gross investment, 9% public consumption (1982); growth rate 1.5% (1984) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, marijuana, coca, plantains, ba- nanas, cotton, tobacco Major industries: textiles, food processing, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, metal products, and cement Crude steel: 391,000 metric tons produced (1980/81 est.), 14 kg per capita Electric power: 8,350,000 kW capacity (1984); 26 billion kWh produced (1984),.920 kWh per capita Exports: $3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); coffee, fuel oil, cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cattle and hides, bananas, fresh cut flowers Imports: $5.0 billion (c.i.f., 1983); transporta- tion equipment, machinery, industrial metals and raw materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper products, foodstuffs and beverages Budget: (1983) revenues, $3.9 billion; expen- ditures, $5.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 108.129 pesos=US$1 (31 October 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,563 km, all 0.914-meter gauge, single track Highways: 75,450 km total; 9,350 km paved, 66,100 km earth and gravel surfaces Inland waterways: 14,300 km, navigable by river boats Pipelines: crude oil, 3,585 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,350 km; natural gas, 830 km; natural gas liquids, 125 km Ports: 6 major (Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco) Airfields: 621 total, 608 usable; 61 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,660 m; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 91 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: nationwide radio- relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite sta- tion with 2 antennas and 8 domestic satellite stations; 1.75 million telephones (6.0 per 100 popl.); 375 AM, 130 FM, 85 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Army of Colombia, Colombian Air Force, National Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,646,000; 5,421,000 fit for military service; about 356,000 reach military age (18) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 MORONI ;.\Grande Comore Indian Ocean 1111 njouan Mayotte (administered by France claimed by Comoros) Exports: $18 million (f.o.b., 1982); perfume oils, vanilla, copra, cloves Imports: $19 million (f.o.b., 1982); rice and other foodstuffs, cement, fuels, chemicals, textiles Major trade partners: France, Madagascar, FRG Budget: (1982) domestic revenue, $6 million; foreign revenue, $20 million; current expen- ditures, $10 million; development expenditures, $3 million; extrabudgetary ex- penditures, $31 million Monetary conversion rate: 468.75 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (31 October 1984) Land 2,171 km?; half the size of Delaware; 4 main islands; 48% cultivated, 29% uncultivated, 16% forest, 7% pasture Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 469,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.9% Nationality: noun-Comoran(s); adjective- Comoran Ethnic divisions: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava Religion: 86% Sunni Muslim, 14% Roman Catholic Language: Shaafi Islam (a Swahili dialect), Malagasy, French Labor force: 140,000 (1982); 87% agriculture, 3% government; significant unemployment Government Official name: Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros Type: three of the four islands compose an independent republic, following local government's unilateral declaration of inde- pendence from France in July 1975; the other island, Mayotte, disallowed declaration and is now a French territorial community but is claimed by the Comoros Political subdivisions: the three islands are organized into seven regions Legal system: French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code Branches: presidency; 38-member legisla- ture (Federal Assembly) Government leader: Ahmed ABDALLAH ABDEREMANE, President (since October 1978) Elections: Abdallah Abderemane won 1984 presidential election with 99% majority; Fed- eral Assembly elected in March 1982 Political party: sole legal political party is Comoran Union for Progress (UCP) Voting strength: UCP holds 37 seats in the Federal Assembly Member of. AfDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GNP: $107 million (1982), about $330 per capita Agriculture: food crops-rice, manioc, maize, fruits, vegetables, coconuts, cinna- mon, yams; export crops-essential oils for perfumes (mainly ylang-ylang), vanilla, co- pra, cloves Major industry: perfume distillation Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1984); 5 million kWh produced (1984), 10 kWh per capita Communications Railroads: none Highways: 1,110 km total; approximately 406 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel Ports: 1 major (Mutsamudu on Anjouan Is- land); 2 minor Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways;1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: sparse system of radio-relay and HF radio communication stations for interisland and external commu- nications to Madagascar and Reunion; 1,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, no TV station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 104,000; 61,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $2.9 million; about 16% of the central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Congo Bou ntle,y ,!p, !nt.1- is of nice. s Oy nu lhoriw-. Land 342,000 km"-; slightly smaller than Montana; 63% dense forest or wood, 31% meadow, 4% urban or waste, 2% cultivated (est.) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 1,798,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.0% Nationality: noun-Congolese (sing., pl.); adjective-Congolese or Congo Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups di- vided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Sangha (20%) and M'Bochi (12%) in north, Teke (17%) in center; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French Religion: 48% animist, 47% Christian, 2% Muslim Language: French (official); many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used Labor force: about 40% of population eco- nomically active (1983); 75% agriculture, 25% commerce, industry, government; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unem- ployed Organized labor: 20% of total labor force (1979 est.) Government Official name: People's Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968 Political subdivisions: nine regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and customary law; constitution adopted 1973 National holiday: National Day, 15 August Branches: presidential executive, Council of State; judiciary; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee and Polit- buro Government leaders: Col. Denis SASSOU- NGUESSO, President (since 1979); Ange Edouard POUNGUI, Prime Minister (since July 1984) Elections: elections for local and regional or- gans and the National Assembly were held in July 1979-the first elections since June 1973 Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party Communists: unknown number of Commu- nists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women (URFC), Gen- eral Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC) Member of: AfDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIR (as- sociate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: about $1.8 billion (1984 est.), $1,332 per capita; real growth rate 3.1 % per year (1984) Agriculture: cash crops-sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, to- bacco; food crops-root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish Fishing: catch 18,934 metric tons (1982) Major industries: crude oil, cement, saw- mills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1984); 268 million kWh produced (1984), 153 kWh per capita Exports: $997.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); oil, lum- ber, tobacco, veneer, plywood, coffee, cocoa Imports: $607.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); ma- chinery, transport equipment, manu- factured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, chemical products, sugar Major trade partners: France, other EC countries, US Budget: (1983) revenues, $717 million; cur- rent expenditures, $477 million; development expenditures, $420 million Monetary conversion rate: 443.15 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (August 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Congo (continued) Communications Railroads: 727 km, 1.067-meter gauge, single track Highways: 11,970 km total; 555 km bitumi- nous surface treated; 848 km gravel, laterite, 5,347 km improved earth, and 5,220 km un- improved roads Inland waterways: 6,485 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil 25 km Ports: 1 major (Pointe-Noire) Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 48 total, 43 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: services adequate for government use; primary network is com- posed of radio-relay routes and coaxial cables; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe- Noire, and Loubomo; 17,300 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, 4 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary National People's Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, 398,000; 200,000 fit for military service; about 18,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $51.5 million; about 5% of central government budget Cook Islands 375 km ?t*AVARUA Land About 240 km2 Water Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm People Population: 17,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate -0.7% Nationality: noun-Cook Islander(s); adjec- tive-Cook Islander Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church Government Official name: Cook Islands Type: self-governing in "free association" with New Zealand; Cook Islands Govern- ment fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move to full indepen- dence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands Government Branches: New Zealand Governor General appoints Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand Government; Representative appoints the Prime Minister; Parliament of 24 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only Government leader: Sir Thomas DAVIS, Prime Minister (since July 1978) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every five years, latest in Novem- ber 1983 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey Henry; Democratic Party, Thomas Davis Voting strength: (1983) Parliament-Cook Islands Party, 11 seats; Democratic Party, 13 seats Economy GDP: $15.4 million (1977), $860 per capita (1978) Agriculture: export crops include copra, cit- rus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, and bananas, with subsistence crops of yams and taro Electric power: 4,750 kW capacity (1984); 15 million kWh produced (1984), 880 kWh per capita Exports: $3.0 million (1977); copra, fresh and canned fruit Imports: $16.8 million (1977); foodstuffs, tex- tiles, fuels Major trade partners: (1970) exports-98% New Zealand; imports-76% New Zealand, 7% Japan Aid: Australia (1980-83), $2.0 million; Aus- tralia and New Zealand (1977), $6.5 million Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Monetary conversion rate: 1.533 New Zealand$=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 187 km total (1980); 35 km paved, 35 kin gravel, 84 kmimproved earth, 33 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 6 AM, no FM, no TV stations; 7,000 radio receivers; 1,186 tele- phones (1.3 per 100 pop,.) Land 50,700 km2; smaller than West Virginia; 60% forest; 30% agricultural (22% meadow and pasture, 8% cultivated); 10% waste, urban, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; specialized competence over living resources to 200 nm) People Population: 2,655,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Costa Rican(s); adjec- tive-Costa Rican Ethnic divisions: 96% white (including mes- tizo), 3% black, 1% Indian Language: Spanish (official), with Jamaican dialect of English spoken around Puerto Limon Labor force: 891,000 (1982 est.); 40.4% indus- try and commerce, 32.6% agriculture, 25% government and services, 2% other; 9.5% un- employment (1984 official); 15% unem- ployment (1984 unofficial) Organized labor: about 13.8% of labor force Government Official name: Republic of Costa Rica Type: democratic republic Capital: San Jose Political subdivisions: 7 provinces divided into 80 cantons and districts Legal system: based on Spanish civil law sys- tem; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: executive-President (head of government and chief of state), elected for a single four-year term; two vice presidents; legislative-57-delegate unicameral Legisla- tive Assembly elected at four-year intervals; judiciary-Supreme Court of Justice (17 magistrates elected by Legislative Assembly at eight-year intervals) Government leader: Luis Alberto MONGE Alvarez, President (since May 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: every four years; last, February 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Liber- ation Party (PLN), Luis Alberto Monge, Daniel Oduber, Jose "Pepe" Figueres; Na- tional Movement (MN), Mario Echandi; new United Social Christian Party (PUSC) com- prised of the four Unity Coalition (UNIDAD) parties-Democratic Renovation Party (PRD), Oscar Aguilar Bulgarelli; Christian Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Costa Rica (continued) Democratic Party (PDC), Rafael Grillo Ri- vera; Republican Calderonista Party (PRC), Rafael Angel Calderon Fournier; Popular Union Party (PUP), Cristian Tallenbach Iglesias; three Marxist parties plus another nonregistered leftist party-Popular Van- guard Party (PVP), Humberto Vargas Carbonell; New Republic Movement (MNR), Sergio Erick Ardon; Socialist Party (PS), Alvaro Montero Mejia; Peoples' Party of Costa Rica (PPC), Manuel Mora Valverde; others-National Defense Party, J. Francisco Herrera Romero; National Republican Party, Ronaldo Rodriguez Varela; Radical Democratic Party (PRD), Juan Jose Echever- ria Brealey Agriculture: main products-coffee, ba- nanas, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products Fishing: catch 10,902 metric tons (1982) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertil- izer Electric power: 820,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.7 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,040 kWh per capita Exports: $900 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); cof- fee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao Ports:1 major (Limon), 4 secondary (Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puntarenas) Airfields: 230 total, 224 usable; 27 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: very good domestic telephone service; 265,900 telephones (11 per 100 pop].); connection into Central American microwave net; 55 AM, 46 FM, 14 TV sta- tions; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Voting strength: (1982 election) PLN, 33 seats; UNIDAD, 18 seats; PVP, 2 seats; PS, 1 seat; MNR, 1 seat; MN, 1 seat; other, 1 seat Communists: 10,000 members and sym- pathizers Other political or pressure groups: Costa Ri- can Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD; Liberation Party affiliate), Confed- erated Union of Workers (CUT; Communist Party affiliate), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Develop- ment (ANFE), Free Costa Rica Movement (MCRL; rightwing militants), National Asso- ciation of Educators (ANDE) Member of. CACM, Central American Dem- ocratic Community, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDR-Inter- American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multina- tional Shipping Line-Naviera Multi- nacional del Caribe), OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $3.3 billion (1983 est.), $1,308 per cap- ita; 65% private consumption, 15% public consumption, 23% gross domestic invest- ment, 4% net foreign balance (1981); 0% real growth rate (1983 est.) Imports: $900 million (c.i.f., 1984 est.); manufactured products, machinery, trans- portation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-35% US, 27% CACM, 10% FRG; imports-36% US, 17% CACM, 12% Japan, 4% FRG (1980) Aid: economic bilateral commitments-US authorized (FY70-83), including Ex-Im, $430 million, other Western countries ODA and OOF (1970-82) $241 million, Communist countries (1971-83) $27 million; military commitments-US (FY70-83), $12 million Budget: (1983) $321 million total revenues, $321 million; total expenditures including debt amortization, $544 million Monetary conversion rate: 44.25 colones=US$1 (November 1984) Communications Railroads: 700 km total, all 1.067-meter gauge; 243 km electrified Highways: 15,400 km total; 7,030 km paved, 7,010 km gravel, 1,360 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 730 km, seasonally navigable Defense Forces Branches: Civil Guard, Rural Assistance Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 711,000; 483,000 fit for military service; about 32,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $18.3 million for Ministry of Public Security, including the Civil Guard; about 2.8% of total central government bud- get; $18.8 million for Ministry of Govern- ment; 2.9% of total central government budget Pipelines: refined products, 176 km 54 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 the Americas and Spain, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Isla do la Juventud Land 114,471 km'; nearly as large as Pennsylvania; 35% cultivated; 30% meadow and pasture; 20% waste, urban, or other; 15% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 10,105,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.1% Nationality: noun-Cuban(s); adjective- Cuban Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, l I % black, I% Chinese Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power Language: Spanish Labor force: 3.0 million in 1982; 28% ser- vices, 21% industry, 20% agriculture, 11% commerce, 9% construction, 7% transporta- tion and communication, 4% other Government Official name: Republic of Cuba Political subdivisions: 14 provinces and 169 municipalities Legal system: based on Spanish and Ameri- can law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 re- placed constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referen- dum, which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the en- tire constitution became effective on 2 December 1.976; legal education at Universi- ties of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Revo- lution, 1 January Branches: executive; legislature (National Assembly of the People's Power); controlled judiciary Government leader: Fidel CASTRO Ruz, President (since January 1959) Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: National People's Assembly (indi- rect election) every five years; election held November 1981 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Com- munist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raid Castro Ruz Communists: approx. 400,000 party mem- bers Member of. CEMA, ECLA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), IAEA, ICAO, IFAD, ICO, IHO, ILO, IMO, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Ship- ping Line-Naviera Multinational del Caribe), OAS (nonparticipant), PAHO, Per- manent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of Economy GNP: $14.9 billion in 1974 dollars (1982 est.); $1,534 per capita in 1974 dollars (198.2 est.); real growth rate 1.4% (1982 est.) Agriculture: main crops-sugar, tobacco, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits, coffee Fishing: catch 195,000 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $122 million (1983 est.) Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, tex- tiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals, cement Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods Crude steel: 363,700 metric tons produced (1983); 37 kg per capita Electric power: 3,360,000 kW capacity (1984); 10.42 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,043 kWh per capita Exports: $6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, coffee Imports: $7.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petro- leum Major trade partners: exports-70% USSR, 16% other Communist countries; imports 68% USSR, 19% other Communist countries (1983) Aid: from US (FY46-61), $41.5 million (loans $37. 5 million, grants $4.0 million); economic aid (1960-78) from USSR, $5.7 billion in eco- nomic credit and $11.0 billion in subsidies; military assistance from the USSR (1959-78), $1.6 billion Budget: $11.9 billion (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 0.8772 peso=US$1 (30 June 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Cuba (continued) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 14,925 km total; Cuba National Railways operates 5,295 km of 1.435-meter gauge track; 199 km electrified; 9,630 km of sugar plantation lines of 0.914-1.435-meter gauge Highways: approximately 21,000 km total; 9,000 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced Inland waterways: 240 km Pipelines: natural gas, 80 km Ports: 8 major (including US Naval Base at Guantanamo), 40 minor Civil air: 47 major transport aircraft Airfields: 204 total, 195 usable; 64 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces, Ground Forces, Revolutionary Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Ministry of Interior Spe- cial Troops, Border Guard Troops Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 5,517,000; of the 2,765,000 males 15-49, 1,737,000 are fit for military service; of the 2,752,000 females 15-49, 1,705,000 are fit for military service; 117,000 males and 114,000 females reach military age (17) annually Cyprus qjtoW0 L8lnice Land 9,251 kmz; smaller than Connecticut; 60% ar- able (including permanent crop); 25% waste, urban areas, and other; 15% forest pasture Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: approximately 648 km People Population: 670,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun-Cypriot(s); adjective- Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% Armenian, Maronite, and other Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox; 18% Muslim; 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other Language: Greek, Turkish, English Greek Sector labor force: 240,900(1982); 42% services, 33% industry, 22% agriculture; 3.1 % unemployed Government Official name: Republic of Cyprus Type: republic; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island be- gan after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypri- ots de facto control over the northern 37 percent of the republic; Greek Cypriots con- trol the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983, Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf Denktash declared independence and the formation of a "Turk- ish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which has been recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of inter- communal differences and creation of a new federal system of government Political subdivisions: 6 administrative dis- tricts Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently National holiday: Independence Day, 1 Oc- tober Branches: currently the Government of Cy- prus has effective authority over only the Greek Cypriot community; headed by Presi- dent of the Republic and comprising Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots declared their own "constitution" and governing bod- ies within the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" in 1975; "state" renamed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; the Turkish Cypriots are drafting a new constitu- tion for the Turkish sector and preparing for elections for a new executive and legislature Government leaders: Spyros KYPRIANOU, President (since August 1977); Turkish Sec- tor-Rauf DENKTASH, "President" (since February 1975) Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Elections: officially every five years (last presidential election held in February 1983); parliamentary elections held in May 1981; Turkish sector "presidential" elections last held in June 1981; "Constituent Assembly" appointed in late 1.983 Political parties and leaders: Greek Cyp- riot-Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DESY), Glaf kos Clerides; Democratic Party (DEKO), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; Turkish sector-National Unity Party (NUP), Dervis Eroglu; Communal Lib- eration Party (CLP), Ismail Bozkurt; Republican Turkish Party (RTP), Ozker Ozgur; other minor parties Voting strength: in the 1983 presidential election, incumbent Spyros Kyprianou re- tained his position by winning 56% of the vote; in the 1981 parliamentary election, the pro-Western Democratic Rally and Commu- nist AKEL each received 12 of the 35 seats; Kyprianou's center-right Democratic Party received eight seats; and socialist EDEK won three seats; in 1981 "presidential" elections in the Turkish Cypriot sector, Rauf Denktash won with 52 percent of the vote Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cy- prus Farmers Union (PEK; pro-West); Pan- Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; pro-West); Federa- tion of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk- Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is) Economy GDP: $2.1 billion (1983), $3,213 per capita; 1983 est. real growth rate 2.6% Turkish Sector GDP: $206.3 million (1982 est.), $1,361 per capita Agriculture: main crops-potatoes and other vegetables, grapes, citrus fruit, wheat, carob beans, olives Major industries: mining (iron pyrites, gyp- sum, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption-beverages, footwear, clothing, cement Electric power: 620,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.415 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,137 kWh per capita Exports: $495.4 million (f.o.b., 1983); princi- pal items-food and beverages, including citrus, raisins, potatoes, wine; also cement and clothing Turkish Sector exports: $39.5 million (f.o.b., 1982); principal items-citrus fruits, pota- toes, metal pipes, pyrites Imports: $1.221 billion (c.i.f., 1983); princi- pal items manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, food Turkish Sector imports: $119.9 million (c.i.f., 1982); principal items-foodstuffs, raw ma- terials, fuels, machinery Major trade partners: imports (1983)- 13.6% UK, 10.9% Japan, 9.7% Italy, 8.1% FRG, 6.5% Iraq; exports (1983)-16.4% UK, 13.7% Saudi Arabia, 8.4% Syria, 5.3% Libya, 4.0% USSR Turkish Sector major trade partners: im- ports (1982)-42% EC, 41% Turkey, 4% Japan, 1% US; exports (1982)-67% EC, 18% Turkey, 5% Syria, 3% UAE, 3% Saudi Arabia Turkish Sector budget: (1982) revenues, $49.2 million; expenditures, $63.9 million; deficit, $14.7 million Monetary conversion rate: .63 Cyprus pound=US$1 (October 1984) Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate: 225.46 Turkish liras=US$1 (1983 average) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 10,778 km total; 5,169 km bitumi- nous surface treated; 5,609 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 1 secondary (Vasilikos) under con- struction, 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish Cypriot control Airfields: 14 total, 13 usable; 9 with perma- nent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: moderately good tele- communication system in both Greek Turkish sectors; 150,000 telephones (20 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 6 FM, and 30 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlan- tic Ocean satellite antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna Defense Forces Branches: Cyprus National Guard; Turkish sector-Turkish Cypriot Security Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 181,000; 126,000 fit for military service; about 5,000 reach military age (18) annually Member of. Commonwealth, Council of Eu- rope, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO; Turkish Federated State of Cyprus OIC (observer) Budget: (1983) revenues, $491.3 million; ex- penditures, $645.4 million; deficit, $154.1 million Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $66 million; about 10.4% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Political subdivisions: 2 ostensibly separate and nominally autonomous republics (Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Re- public); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands, 3 regions in Slovakia; republic capitals of Prague and Bratislava have regional status Legal system: civil law system based on Aus- trian-Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960, amended in 1968 and 1970; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal educa- tion at Charles University School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Other political groups: puppet parties- Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Freedom Party, Slo- vak Revival Party Member of. CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $147.1 billion in 1982 (in 1982 dollars), $9,550 per capita; 1982 real growth rate 0.5% Land 127,870 km2; the size of New York; 60% ara- ble, 35% forest, 14% other agricultural, 9% other People Population: 15,503,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.3% Nationality: noun-Czechoslovak(s); adjec- tive-Czechoslovak Ethnic divisions: 64.3% Czech, 30.5% Slo- vak, 3.8% Hungarian, 0.4% German, 0.4% Polish, 0.3% Ukrainian, 0.1% Russian, 0.2% other (Jewish, Gypsy) Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protes- tant, 2% Orthodox, 1% other Language: Czech and Slovak (official), Hun- garian Labor force: 7.8 million; 38.1% industry; 12.5% agriculture; 49.4% construction, com- munications, and other (1982) Government Official name: Czechoslovak Socialist Re- public (CSSR) National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May Branches: executive-President (elected by Federal Assembly), Cabinet (appointed by President); legislative (Federal Assembly; elected directly-House of Nations, House of the People), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary, Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assem- bly); entire governmental structure dominated by Communist Party Government leaders: Gustav HUSAK, Presi- dent (since 1975); Lubomir STROUGAL, Premier (since 1970) Elections: governmental bodies and presi- dent every five years (last election June 1981) Dominant political party and leader: Com- munist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustav Husak, General Secretary (since 1969); Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of "provincial KSC organization" Voting strength: (1981 election) 99.96% for Communist-sponsored single slate Communists: 1.6 million party members and candidate members (August 1984) Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops-wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, pota- toes, sugar beets, hogs, cattle, horses; net food importer-meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables Major industries: iron and steel, machinery and equipment, cement, sheet glass, motor vehicles, armaments, chemicals, ceramics, wood, paper products Crude steel: 15.0 million metric tons pro- duced (1983), 974 kg per capita Electric power: 19,800,000 kW capacity (1984); 78.578 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,080 kWh per capita Exports: $16.265 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 54% machinery, equipment; 17% manufactured consumer goods; 15% fuels, raw materials, metals; 7% foods, food products, live animals, forestry (1982) Imports: $16.219 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 39% fuels, raw materials, metals; 33% machinery, equipment; 14% foods, food products, live animals, forestry; 5% manufactured con- sumer goods (1980) Major trade partners: USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bul- garia, Romania; $32,484 million (1982); 71% with Communist countries, 29% with non- Communist countries (1982) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Monetary conversion rate: 6.45 koronas=US$1(October 1983) fishing; 7.9% construction; 7.0% banking and business services; 6.8% transportation; 9.2% unemployment rate NOTE: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 6.9 koronas=US$1 (January 1982) Communications Railroads: 13,142 km total; 12,883 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 102 km 1.524-meter broad gauge, 157 km 0.750- and 0.760-meter narrow gauge; 2,866 km double track; 3,171 km electrified; government owned (1982) Highways: 73,881 km total; 60,582 km con- crete, asphalt, stone block; 13,299 km gravel, crushed stone (1982) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,500 km; natural gas, 7,000 km Freight carried: rail-288.7 million metric tons, 71.6 billion metric ton/km (1982); high- way 1,281.2 million metric tons, 20.9 billion metric ton/km (1982); waterway 11.4 million metric tons, 3.8 billion metric ton/km (ex- cluding international transit traffic) (1982) Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg, FRG; Ros- tock, GDR; principal river ports are Prague, Decin, Komarno, Bratislava (1979) Defense Forces Branches: Czechoslovak People's Army, Frontier Guard, Air and Air Defense Forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,798,000; 2,924,000 fit for military service; 110,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 24.6 billion koronas, 7.6% of total budget Land 43,076 km2 (exclusive of Greenland and Faroe Islands); the size of Massachusetts and New Hampshire combined; 64% arable, 11 % forest, 8% meadow and pasture, 17% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 5,109,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate -0.1% Nationality: noun-Dane(s); adjective- Danish Ethnic divisions: Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German Religion: 97% Evangelical Lutheran, 2% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, I% other Language: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small German-speaking mi- nority Labor force: 2,700,000 (1983 average); 34.1% social services; 21% manufacturing; 13.3% commerce; 8.2% agriculture, forestry, and Government Official name: Kingdom of Denmark Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 com- munes, 88 towns Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Co- penhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: birthday of the Queen, 16 April Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); ex- ecutive power vested in Crown but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parliament; Su- preme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts Government leaders: MARGRETHE II, Queen (since January 1972); Poul SCHLUTER, Prime Minister (since Septem- ber 1982) Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 10 January 1984) Political parties and leaders: Social Demo- cratic, Anker Jorgensen; Liberal, Uffe Ellemann-Jensen; Conservative, Poul Schluter; Radical Liberal, Niels Helveg Petersen; Socialist People's, Gert Petersen; Communist, Jorgen Jensen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilnjelm; Center Democratic, Er- hard Jakobsen; Christian People's, Christian Christensen; Justice, Poul Gerhard Kristiansen; Trade and Industry Party, Asger J. Lindinger; Progress Party also known now Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Denmark (continued) as Free Democratic Party, Mogens Glistrup); Socialist Workers Party, no chairman; Com- munist Workers' Party (KAP), Benito Scocozza Exports: $16.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-meat, dairy products, industrial ma- chinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equip- ment, fish, furs, furniture Telecommunications:. excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 3.59 mil- lion telephones (70.6 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 46 FM, 38 TV stations; 14 submarine coaxial ca- bles; satellite earth station for domestic service Voting strength: (1984 election) 31.6% Social Democratic, 23.4% Conservative, 12.1 % Lib- eral, 11.5% Socialist People's, 5.5% Radical Liberal, 4.6% Center Democratic, 3.6% Progress, 2.7% Christian People's, 2.6% Left Socialist, 1.5% Justice, 0.7% Communist, 0.2% others Member of. ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ELDO (observer), EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB, Inter-American Develop- ment Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $56.4 billion (1983), $11,026 per cap- ita; 56% private consumption, 12.4% private investment, 28% government consumption, 3% government investment; 0.6% net exports of goods and services; 1983 growth rate, 2.5% Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops-cereals, root crops; food imports- oilseed, grain, animal feedstuffs Fishing: catch 1.93 million metric tons (1982), exports $750 million, imports $295 million (1981) Major industries: food processing, machin- ery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, bricks and mor- tar, furniture and other wood products Crude steel: 0.6 million metric tons produced (1981), 117 kg per capita Electric power: 9,119,000 kW capacity (1984); 21.873 billion kWh produced (1984), 4,279 kWh per capita Imports: $16.3 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items-industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper Major trade partners: 1982 exports-47.7% EC, 17.4% FRG, 14.1% UK, 10.9% Sweden, 6.5% Norway, 6% US Aid: donor-economic aid commitments (ODA and OOF) $2.7 billion (1970-82) Budget: (1984) expenditures, $24.8 billion; revenues, $18.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 10.8 kroner=US$1 (November 1984 average) Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning 1 Janu- ary Communications Railroads: 2,770 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,120 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 97 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard gauge lines are privately owned and operated Highways: approximately 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 417 km Pipelines: crude oil, 110 km; refined prod- ucts, 418 km; natural gas, 421 km Airfields: 132 total, 117 usable; 24 with per- manent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,315,000; 1,108,000 fit for military service; 41,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $1.4 billion; 6.8% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Djibouti Land 22,000 km2; about the size of New Hamp- shire; 89% desert waste, 10% permanent pasture, less than 1% cultivated Government Official name: Republic of Djibouti National holiday: 27 June Type: republic Capital: Djibouti Political subdivisions: 5 cercles (districts) Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem, traditional practices, and Islamic law; partial constitution ratified January 1981 by National Assembly Branches: legislative-65-member parlia- ment (National Assembly), executive, judiciary Government leader: HASSAN Gouled Aptidon, President (since June 1977) Exports: $108 million (f.o.b., 1983); hides and skins and transit of coffee; a large portion consists of reexports to foreign residents of Djibouti Imports: $179 million (f.o.b., 1983); almost all domestically needed goods-foods, machin- ery, transport equipment Budget: (1983) revenues, $118 million; grants, $27 million; current expenditures, $120 million; development expenditures, $32 million; extrabudgetary expenditures, $21 million Monetary conversion rate: 177.67 Djibouti francs=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: the Ethiopian-Djibouti railroad extends for 97 km through Djibouti Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 314 km (includes offshore islands) People Population: 297,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Djiboutian(s); adjec- tive-Djiboutian Ethnic divisions: 60% Somali (Issa); 35% Afar, 5% French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Ital- ian Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Christian Language: French (official), Somali and Afar widely used Labor force: a small number of semiskilled laborers at port Organized labor: some 3,000 railway work- ers organized Elections: Parliament elected May 1982 Political parties and leaders: Peoples Progress Assembly (RPP), Hassan Gouled Aptidon Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of.. AfDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $369 million (1983); per capita income $1,168 (1983) Agriculture: livestock; limited commercial crops, including fruit and vegetables Major industries: transit trade, port, railway, services; live cattle and sheep exports to Saudi Arabia; secondary services to French mili- tary Electric power: 50,000 kW capacity (1984); 88 million kWh produced (1984), 304 kWh per capita Highways: 2,800 km total; 279 km bitumi- nous surface, 229 km improved earth, 2,292 km unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Djibouti) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 11 usable; 1 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radio-relay stations at outlying places; 6,400 telephones (1.8 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground sta- tion Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force; paramili- tary National Security Force Military manpower: males 15-49, about 64,000; about 38,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $27.8 million; about 22% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Xarigot Type: independent state within Common- wealth recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism, soap and other coconut-based prod- ucts, cigars Electric power: 7,000 kW capacity (1984); 16 million kWh produced (1984), 216 kWh per capita North Atlantic Ocean Land 752.7 km2; about one-fourth the size of Rhode Island; 67% forest; 24% arable; 2% pasture; 7% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (200 nm fishing zone; 20 nm economic zone) People Population: 74,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate -0.2% Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjec- tive-Dominican Ethnic divisions: mostly black; some Carib- Indians Religion: 80% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Methodist Language: English (official); French patois widely spoken Labor force: 23,000; 40% agriculture, 32% in- dustry and commerce, 28% services; 15-20% unemployment Organized labor: 25% of the labor force Government Official name: Commonwealth of Dominica Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean Court of Appeals Branches: legislative, 11-member popularly elected unicameral House of Assembly; exec- utive, Cabinet headed by Prime Minister; judicial, magistrate's courts and regional court of appeals Government leader: (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES, Prime Minister (since July 1980); Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET, President (since December 1983) Suffrage: universal adult suffrage at age 18 Elections: every five years; most recent 21 July 1980 Political parties and leaders: Labor Party of Dominica (LPD), Michael Douglas; Domi- nica Freedom Party (DFP), (Mary) Eugenia Charles Voting strength: (1980 election) House of Assembly seats-DFP 17, LPD 2, indepen- dent 2 Other political or pressure groups: Dominica Liberation Movement (DLM), a small leftist group Member of. CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, OAS, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GNP: $56.4 million (1983), $762 per capita; 1981 real growth rate, 8% Agriculture: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa, essential oils Exports: $24.7 million (1982); bananas, coco- nuts, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $48.5 million (1982); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles, cement Major trade partners: exports-US, UK, other EC, other CARICOM countries Aid: economic-bilateral ODA and OOF (1970-80), from Western (non-US) countries, $22.6 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $32 million; expenditures, $40 million (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 750 km total; 370 km paved, 380 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major(Roseau), 1 minor (Portsmouth) Civil air: unknown number of major trans- port aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 4,600 telephones in fully automatic network (5.6 per 100 popl.); VHF and UHF link to St. Lucia; new SHF links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station Defense Forces Branches: Royal Dominica Police Force Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Dominican Republic Government Official name: Dominican Republic illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (PACOREDO), Luis Montas Gon- zalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal; Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Union (UPA), Ivan Rodriguez; Democratic Union (UD), Ramon Antonio Flores; Revolutionary League of Workers (LRT), Claudio Tavarez; in 1983 several leftist parties, including the Communists, joined to form the Dominican Leftist Front (FID); however, they still retain individual party structures Land 48,734 km2; the size of New Hampshire and Vermont combined; 45% forest, 20% built on or waste, 17% meadow and pasture, 14% cul- tivated, 4% fallow Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 6,588,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjec- tive-Dominican Ethnic divisions: 73% mixed, 16% white, 11 % black Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 68% Labor force: 1.2 million; 47% agriculture, 23% industry and commerce, 16% govern- ment, 14% services Organized labor: 12% of labor force Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution National holiday: Independence Day, 27 February Branches: President popularly elected for a four-year term; bicameral legislature (Na- tional Congress-27-seat Senate and 120-seat Chamber of Deputies elected for four-year terms); Supreme Court Government leader: Salvador JORGE Blanco, President (since May 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: last national election May 1982; next election May 1986 Political parties and leaders: Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Jose Francisco Pena Gomez; Reformist Social Christian Party (PRSC), Joaquin Balaguer (formed in 1984 by merger of Reformist Party and Revolutionary Social Christian Party); Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch; Democratic Quisqueyan Party (PQD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Movement of Na- tional Conciliation (MCN), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Antireelection Move- ment of Democratic Integration (MIDA), Francisco Augusto Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Luis Julian Perez; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Luis Homero Lajara Burgos; Domini- can Communist Party (PCD), Narciso Isa Conde, central committee, legalized in 1978; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD), ille- gal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, Voting strength: (1982 election) 74% voter turnout; 46.76% PRD, 39.14% PR, 9.69% PLD; 4.41% minor parties Communists: an estimated 7,000 to 9,000 members in several legal and illegal factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differ- ences and organizational inadequacies Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB- Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IRC, ISO, ITU, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $7.6 billion (1982), $1,400 per capita; real GDP growth -1.0% (1982) Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, rice, corn Major industries: tourism, sugar processing, nickel mining, gold mining, textiles, cement Electric power: 1,360,000 kW capacity (1984); 3.1 billion kWh produced (1984), 483 kWh per capita Exports: $781.7 million (f.o.b., 1983); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa Imports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment Major trade partners: exports-46% US, in- cluding Puerto Rico (1980); imports-45% US, including Puerto Rico (1980) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Dominican Republic (continued) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY70-83), from US, $599 million; ODA and OOF from other Western countries (1970-82), $210 million; military authorized from US (1970-83), $33 million Budget: revenues, $1.1 billion; expenditures, $1.0 million (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1 (December 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 375 km total of 1.435-meter gauge, privately owned Highways: 12,000 km total; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth, 600 km unimproved Pipelines: refined products, 69 km Ports: 4 major (Santo Domingo, Haina, San Pedro de Macoris, Puerto Plata), 17 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft Airfields: 47 total, 34 usable; 14 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio- relay network; 175,100 telephones (3 per 100 popl.); 122 AM, 62 FM, 37 TV stations; 1 co- axial submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,637,000; 1,080,000 fit for military service; 82,000 reach military age (18) annually 300 km Land 283,561 km2 (including Galapagos Islands); the size of Colorado; 55% forest; 11% culti- vated, 8% meadow and pasture; 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available) Land boundaries: 1,931 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,237 km (includes Galapagos Islands) People Population: 8,884,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Ecuadorean(s); adjec- tive-Ecuadorean Ethnic divisions: 55% mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish), 25% Indian, 10% Spanish, 10% black Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing) Language: Spanish (official); Indian dialects, especially Quechua 175 km Boundary repre eniation is not necessarily authoritative Islands not shown in true geographical position Labor force: (1983) 2.8 million; 52% agricul- ture, 13% manufacturing, 7% commerce, 4% construction, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force Government Official name: Republic of Ecuador National holiday: Independence Day, 10 August Type: republic Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces includ- ing Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; pro- gressive new constitution passed in January 1978 referendum; came into effect following the installation of a new civilian government in August 1979; legal education at four state and two private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; unicameral legislature (Chamber of Representatives); independent judiciary Government leader: Leon FEBRES- CORDERO Ribadeneyra, President (since August 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 18; compulsory for literates Elections: parliamentary and presidential elections held January 1984; second-stage presidential election held May 1984; govern- ment and legislature took office in August 1984; an amendment to the constitution in August 1983 changed the term of office for the president from 5 to 4 years; the 59 depu- ties elected by the provinces serve for 2 years; the 12 at-large deputies serve for 4 years Political parties and leaders: Social Christian Party (PSC, the party of President Leon Febres-Cordero), center-right; Popular De- mocracy (DP), Osvaldo Hurtado; Christian Democratic, Julio Cesar Trujillo; Democratic Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Left (ID); Social Democratic, Rodrigo Borja; Radical Alfarist Front (FRA), Cecilia Calde- ron de Castro, populist; Democratic Party (PD), Francisco Huerta, center-left; Radical Liberal Party, Blasco Penaherrera, center- right; Conservative Party, Jose Teran, center- right; Concentration of Popular Forces (CFP), Averroes Bucaram, populist; People, Change, and Democracy (PCD), Aquiles Rigail, center-left; Ecuadorean Roldocist Party (PRE), Abdala Bucaram, Populist; Democratic Popular Movement (MPD), Jaime Hurtado, Communist; Revolutionary Nationalist Party (PNR), Carlos Julio Arosemena, center-right; Democratic Insti- tutionalist Coalition, Otto Arosemena, center-right; Broad Leftist Front (FADI), Rene Mauge, pro-Moscow Communist Fishing: catch 636,532 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $210 million (1982), imports negligible Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 1,716,000 kW capacity (1984); 3.4 billion kWh produced (1984), 390 kWh per capita Exports: $2,365 million (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum exports $1,750 million; bananas, coffee, cocoa, fish products Imports: $1,408 million (c.i.f., 1983); agricul- tural and industrial machinery, industrial raw materials, building supplies, chemical products, transportation and communication equipment Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bo- livar, Esmeraldas), 6 minor Civil air: 44 major transport aircraft Airfields: 167 total, 166 usable; 23 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: domestic facilities generally adequate; 1 Atlantic Ocean satel- lite station; 290,200 telephones (3.3 per 100 pop].); 260 AM, 38 FM, 23 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Ecuadorean Army, Ecuadorean Air Force, Ecuadorean Navy Voting strength: results of May 1984 presi- dential runoff election-Leon Febres- Cordero of the Social Christian Party, who headed the coalition National Reconstruc- tion Front, 52%; Rodrigo Borja of the Democratic Left, 48% Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-Moscow, Rene Mauge-secretary general), 6,000 members; Communist Party of Ecuador/Marxist Leninist (PCMLE, inde- pendent), 6,000 members; Revolutionary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE, pro-Cuba), 100 members plus an estimated 5,000 sym- pathizers Member of Andean Pact, ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPEC, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $11.3 billion (1983), $1,343 per capita; 61% private consumption, 15% public con- sumption, 26% gross investment, 2% foreign (1982); growth rate -3.3% (1983) Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, corn, potatoes, rice Major trade partners: exports (1982)-52% US, 25% Latin America and Caribbean, 1% Japan, 1 % Italy,1 % FRG; imports (1982) 45% US, 15% Latin America and Caribbean, 12% Japan (1982) Aid: economic-other Western countries (1970-82), $498 million; US (FY70-83), $250; Communist countries (1970-83), $46 million; military-US (FY70-83) $57 million Budget: (1982) revenues, $1,424 million; ex- penditures, $2,155 million Monetary conversion rate: official, 67.18 sucres=US$1; floating, 119.50 sucres=US$1 (January 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,930 km total; all 1.067-meter gauge single track Highways: 69,280 km total; 11,925 km paved, 24,400 km gravel, 32,955 km earth roads and tracks Pipelines: crude oil, 800 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,358 km Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,029,000; 1,379,000 fit for military service; 93,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: estimated for the fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $136.2 million; about 7.3% of the central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Egypt 26% services and other; shortage of skilled la- bor; unemployment about 7% Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Organized labor: 1 to 3 million Government Official name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 26 governorates Member of. AAPSO, AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WPC, WSG, WTO; Egypt suspended from Arab League and OAPEC in April 1979 Land 1,001,449 km2; the size of Texas and Oregon combined; 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 2.8% cultivated (of which about 70% is multi- ple crop); 0.7% inland water Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 48,305,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Egyptian(s); adjective- Egyptian or Arab Republic of Egypt Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 6% Coptic Christian and other Language: Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes Labor force: 13.4 million; 45-50% agricul- ture, 13% industry, 11% trade and finance, Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; perma- nent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State, which oversees valid- ity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts com- pulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 23 July Branches: executive power vested in Presi- dent, who appoints Cabinet; People's Assembly is principal legislative body, with Shura Council having consultative role; inde- pendent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leaders: Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, President (since 1981); Kamal Hasan 'ALI, Prime Minister (since 1984) Elections: regular elections to People's As- sembly every five years (most recent May 1984); two-thirds of Shura Council is elected for six-year term (first elections were in Sep- tember 1980) with remaining members appointed by President; presidential election every six years; last held October 1981 Political parties and leaders: formation of political parties must be approved by govern- ment; National Democratic Party, led by Mubarak, is the dominant party; legal opposi- tion parties are Socialist Liberal Party, Kamal Murad; Socialist Labor Party, Ibrahim Shukri; National Progressive Unionist Grouping, Khalid Muhyi-al-Din; Umma Party, Ahmad al-Sabahi; and New Wafd Party, Fu'ad Siraj al-Din Communists: approximately 500 party members Other political or pressure groups: Islamic groups are illegal, but the largest one, the Muslim Brotherhood, is tolerated by the gov- ernment; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned Economy GNP: $20.0 billion (1983; based on market exchange rate of 1.23 Egyptian pounds= US$1), $437 per capita; real growth of 6% in 1982 Agriculture: main cash crop-cotton; other crops-rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 6,836,000 kW capacity (1984); 35.931 billion kWh produced (1984), 763 kWh per capita Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); crude petroleum, raw cotton, cotton yarn and fab- ric Imports: $9.4 billion (c.i.f., 1984 est.); food- stuffs, machinery and equipment, fertilizers, woods Major trade partners: US, EC countries Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Monetary conversion rate: official rate 0.70 Egyptian pound=US$1; official "incentive" rate 0.84 Egyptian pound=US$1; parallel or "own" exchange market rate 1.23 Egyptian pounds=US$1 (October 1983) progress; est. 600,000 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 25 AM, 5 FM, 47 TV stations; 1 Atlan- tic Ocean satellite station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 3 submarine coaxial cables; troposheric scatter to Sudan; radio-relay to Libya El Salvador Boundary ep.esentatw is not newssa,uy ammm1atrve. Fiscal year: July through June Communications Railroads: 4,857 km total; 951 km double track; 25 km electrified; 4,510 km 1,435- meter standard gauge, 347 km 0.750-meter gauge Highways: 47,025 km total; 12,300 km paved, 2,500 km gravel and crushed stone, 14,200 km improved earth, 18,025 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 3,360 km; Suez Canal, 195 km long, used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 meters of water; Alexan- dria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of 550-metric ton capacity; Nile and large ca- nals by barges of 420-metric-ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300- metric-ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-metric-ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1983) 257 mil- lion metric tons, of which 98 million metric tons were petroleums, oils, and lubricants Pipelines: crude oil, 930 km; refined prod- ucts, 596 km; natural gas, 460 km Ports: 4 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez, Safaja);15 minor; 8 petroleum, oil, and lubri- cant terminals Civil air: 46 major transport aircraft Airfields: 95 total, 77 usable; 63 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 44 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system is large but still inadequate for needs; principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air De- fense Command Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,035,000; 7,848,000 fit for military service; about 495,000 reach military age (20) annu- ally Land 21,041 km2; the size of Massachusetts; 32% crop (9% corn, 7% coffee, 5% cotton, 11% other), 31% nonagricultural, 26% meadow and pasture, 11% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 5,072,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun-Salvadoran(s); adjec- tive-Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 89% mestizo, 10% Indian, 1% white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic (probably 97-98%), with activity by Protes- tant groups throughout the country Language: Spanish, Nahua (among some In- dians) Labor force: 1.7 million (est. 1982); 25% agri- culture, 16% manufacturing, 16% commerce, 13% government, 9% financial Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 El Salvador (continued) services, 6% transportation, 15% other (1984 est.); shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation; significant unemployment Organized labor: 8% total labor force; 10% agricultural labor force; 7% urban labor force (1982) Government Official name: Republic of El Salvador Type: republic Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; new constitution en- acted in December 1983; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; ac- cepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: Legislative Assembly (60 seats), Executive, Supreme Court Government leaders: Jose Napoleon DUARTE, President (since June 1984); Rodolfo CASTILLO Claramount Vice Presi- (lent (since June 1984); Abraham RODRIGUEZ, First Presidential Designate (since September 1984); Rene FORTIN, Magana, Second Presidential Designate (since September 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Legislative Assembly (formerly Constituent Assembly), 28 March 1982; presidential election, 25 March 1984; presi- dential runoff election, 6 May 1984 (next scheduled for 1989); Legislative Assembly election scheduled for 31 March 1985 Political parties and leaders: Christian Dem- ocratic Party (PDC), Jose Napoleon Duarte; National Conciliation Party (PCN), Raul Mo- lina; Democratic Action (AD), Rene Fortin Magana; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Francisco Quinonez; National Republican Alliance (ARENA), Mai. (Ret.) Roberto D'Aubuisson; Salvadoran Authentic Institu- tional Party (PAISA), Roberto Escobar Garcia Voting strength: Legislative Assembly- PDC, 24 seats; ARENA, 19 seats; PAISA, 9 seats; PCN, 5 seats; AD, 2 seats; PPS, 1 seat Other political or pressure groups: leftist revolutionary movement-Unified Revolu- tionary Directorate (DRU) and Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), leadership bodies of the insurgency; Popular Liberation Forces (FPL), Armed Forces of the National Resistance (FARN), People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), Salvadoran Communist Party/Armed Forces of Libera- tion (PCS/FAL), and Central American Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRTC)/ Pop- ular Liberation Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARLP); militant front organizations- Revolutionary Coordinator of Masses (CRM; alliance of front groups), Popular Revolution- ary Bloc (BPR), Unified Popular Action Front (FAPU), Popular Leagues of 28 Febru- ary (LP-28), National Democratic Union (UDN), and Popular Liberation Movement (MLP); Revolutionary Democratic Front (FDR), coalition of CRM and Democratic Front (FD), controlled by DRU; FD consists of moderate leftist groups-Independent Movement of Professionals and Technicians of El Salvador (MIPTES), National Revolu- tionary Move ment (MNR), and Popular Social Christian Movement (MPSC); extreme rightist vigilante organizations or death squads-Secret Anti-Communist Army (ESA); Maximiliano Hernandez Brigade; Organization for Liberation From Commu- nism (OLC) Labor organizations: Federation of Con- struction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independent; Salva- doran Communal Union (UCS), peasant association; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); United Confederation of Workers (CUT), leftist; Popular Democratic Unity (UPD), moderate labor coalition which includes FESINCONSTRANS, UCS, and other democratic labor organizations Business organizations: National Associa- tion of Private Enterprise (ANEP), conservative; Productive Alliance (AP), con- servative; National Federation of Salvadoran Small Businessmen (FENAPES), conserva- tive Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $4.3 billion (1984 est.), $872 per capita Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, beans, rice Fishing: catch 12,897 metric tons (1982) Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products Electric power: 700,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1984), 340 kWh per capita Exports: $737 million (f.o.b., 1983); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $892 million (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, intermediate goods, petroleum, construction materials, fertilizers, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-33% US, 15% FRG, 12% Guatemala; imports-39% US, 18% Guatemala, 9% Mexico Aid: economic-authorized from US, includ- ing Ex-Im (FY70-83), $690 million; ODA and OOF committed by other Western countries (1970-82), $95 million; military-from US (FY70-83), $215 million Budget: (1983) government revenues, $502 million; expenditures, $582 million Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones=US$1 (February 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 602 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track Highways: 10,000 km total; 1,500 km paved, 4,100 kin gravel, 4,400 km improved and un- improved earth Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 2 major (Acajutla, La Union), 1 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 156 total, 128 usable; 5 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 7 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio-relay system; connection into Central American microwave net; 100,000 tele- phones (2 per 100 popl.); 76 AM, 9 FM, 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean Satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Guard, National Police, Treasury Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,154,000; 733,000 fit for military service; 60,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $208 million; about 21.4% of the central government budget Equatorial Guinea Island not shown in true geographical position Annob6n 6 See regional map VII Land 28,051 kmz; the size of Maryland; Rio Muni, about 25,900 kmt, largely forest; Bioko (for- merly known as Fernando Po), about 2,072 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 282,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.5% Rio Muni-212,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5%; Fernando Po-71,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Equatorial Guinean(s); adjective-Equatorial Guinean Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Bioko, primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos; of Rio Muni, Primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish (official); pidgin English, Fang Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans in- volved in subsistence agriculture; labor shortages on plantations Government Official name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Type: republic Capital: Malabo Political subdivisions: 3 regions; 7 provinces with appointed governors Legal system: in transition; constitution ap- proved 15 August 1982 by popular referendum; in part based on Spanish civil law and custom Branches: constitution provides for president with broad powers, prime minister, unicam- eral legislature (Chamber of Representatives of the People) and free judiciary Government leader: Col. Teodoro OI3IANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, President (since Au- gust 1979) Elections: parliamentary elections held Oc- tober 1983 Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended; before coup of 3 August 1979, National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) was the sole legal party Communists: no significant number of Com- munists but some sympathizers Member of AfDB, Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Economy GNP: $75 million (1983); $417 per capita (Note: economy destroyed during regime of former President Masie Nguema) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Equatorial Guinea (continued) Agriculture: major cash crops-Rio Muni, Defense Forces timber, coffee; Bioko, cocoa; main food prod- Branches: Army, Navy ucts-rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, livestock Military manpower: males 15-49, 62,000; 31,000 fit for military service Major industries: fishing, sawmilling Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1984); December 1981, $6.2 million; 21% of central 17 million kWh produced (1984), 61 kWh per government budget capita Exports: $16.9 million (1982 est.); cocoa, cof- fee, wood Imports: $41.5 million (1982 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles Major trade partner: Spain Budget: (1976) receipts, $2.8 million Monetary conversion rate: ekuele replaced by Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFA) in 1985; 479.875 CFA francs=US$1 (December 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: Rio Muni-2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Bioko-300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth Inland waterways: no significant waterways Ports: 1 major (Malabo), 3 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways;1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, I with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor system with ade- quate government services; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; 2,000 tele- phones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, no FM stations, 1 TV station Ethiopia 1 Red Sea Land 1,221,900 km2; four-fifths the size of Alaska; 55% meadow and natural pasture; 10% crop and orchard; 6% forest and wood; 29% waste- land, urban, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; for sedentary fisheries, territorial sea extends to limit of fisheries Coastline: 1,094 km (includes offshore is- lands) People Population: 42,289,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.7% Nationality: noun-Ethiopian(s); adjec- tive-Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: 40% Oromo, 32% Amhara and Tigrean, 9% Sidamo, 6% Shankella, 6% Somali, 4% Afar, 2% Gurage, 1% other Religion: 40-45% Muslim, 35-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 15-20% animist, 5% other Language: Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal hus- bandry; 10% government, military, and quasi-government Political parties and leaders: Ethiopian Workers Party (WPE) founded in September 1984; headed by Mengistu Haile-Mariam Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 Ethiopian birr=US$1(31 October 198?3) Organized labor: All Ethiopian Trade Union formed by the government in January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members Government Official name: Socialist Ethiopia Type: under military rule since September 1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also re- ferred to as regional administrations) Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common, and customary law influ- ences; constitution suspended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Popular Revolution Com- memoration Day, 12 September Branches: executive power exercised by the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), dominated by its chairman and small circle of associates; predominantly ci- vilian Cabinet holds office at sufferance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on tradi- tional pattern, without jury system in either Government leader: Lt. Col. MENGISTU Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council (since Feb- ruary 1977) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: none (January 1985) Communists: government is officially Marx- ist-Leninist Other political or pressure groups: impor- tant dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), and Eritrean Lib- eration Front/Popular Liberation Forces in Eritrea; Tigrean People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in Tigray Province; Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) in the Ogaden re- gion Member of. AfDB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICO, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $5.0 billion (1983/84 est.), $119 per capita; real growth rate 3.7% (1983/84) Agriculture: main crop-coffee; also grain Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery Electric power: 412,000 kW capacity (1984); 902 million kWh produced (1984), 26 kWh per capita Exports: $403 million (f.o.b., 1983/84 est.); 61% coffee, 10% hides and skins Imports: $906 million (c.i.f., 1983/84) Major trade partners: exports-US, FRG, Djibouti, Japan, Saudi Arabia, France, Italy; imports-USSR, Italy, FRG, Japan, UK, US Budget: revenues and cash grants, $1.1 bil- lion; current expenditures, $1.0 billion; development expenditures, $467 million (1983/84) External debt: $1.0 billion, 1981/82; debt service payment, $1.3 billion outstanding (1983/84); 11.0% of exports of goods and nonfactor services (1982/83) Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July Communications Railroads: 1,089 km total; 782 km 1.000- meter gauge, of which 9t km are in Djibouti; 307 km 0.950-meter gauge Highways: 44,300 km total; 3,888 km bitumi- nous, 8,344 km gravel, 2,456 km improved earth, 29,612 km unimproved earth Ports: 2 major (Aseb, Massawa) Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft Airfields: 170 total, 136 usable; 7 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 45 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air De- fense; paramilitary Emergency Strike Force Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,580,000; 5,146,000 fit for military service; 489,000 reach military age (1k) annually Military budget: for fisCiil year ending 7 July 1984,4420.1 million; 25.1 % of central gov- ernment budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Government Official name: Colony of the Falkland Is- lands Monetary conversion rate:.833 Falkland Is- land pound=.833 pounds sterling=US$1 (December 1984) (administered by U.K.. claimed by Argentina) NOTE: The possession of the Falkland Is- lands has been disputed by the UK and Argentina (which refers to them as the Islas Malvinas) since 1833. Land Colony-16,654 km2; about the size of Connecticut; area consists of some 200 small islands and two principal islands, East Falk- land (6,680 km2) and West Falkland (5,276 km2); dependencies-South Sandwich Is- lands, South Georgia, and the Shag and Clerke Rocks Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm People Population: 2,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun-Falkland Islander(s); ad- jective-Falkland Island Ethnic divisions: almost totally British Religion: predominantly Anglican Language: English Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14 Labor force: 1,100 (est.); est. over 95% in agri- culture, mostly sheepherding Type: British dependent territory Capital: Stanley Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital Legal system: English common law Branches: Civil Commissioner (replaced gov- ernors in post-Falklands war period); shares power with local garrison commander Government leaders: Rex M. HUNT, Civil Commissioner (since June 1982); Maj. Peter DE LA BILLIERE, Military Commissioner and Commander in Chief Land Forces (since June 1984) Suffrage: universal adult at age 18 Economy Agriculture: predominantly sheep farming Major industry: wool processing Electric power: 1,250 kW capacity (1984); 2 million kWh produced (1984), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: to UK, $5.2 million (1982); wool, hides and skins, and other Imports: from UK, $8.2 million (1982); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the UK, also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the UK Aid: economic commitments-(1970-79) Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF, $24 million Budget: revenues, $5 million (1982); expendi- tures, $4.8 million (1982) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 510 km total; 30 km paved, 80 km gravel, and 400 km unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Port Stanley), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 4 usable, 1 with permanent- surface runways;1 with runways 1,200-2,439 m; 1 new airfield with permanent surface runway under construction Telecommunications: government-oper- ated radiotelephone networks providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approximately 590 telephones (est. 30 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station; satellite sta- tion under construction Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of the United Kingdom Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Faroe Islands North Atlantic Ocean Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 com- munes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948 Electric power: 66,600 kW capacity (1984); 205 million kWh produced (1984), 4,556 kWh per capita Exports: $178.7 million (f.o.b., 1980); mostly fish and fish products Imports: $222.1 million (c.i.f., 1980); ma- chinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Land 1,340 km2; slightly larger than Rhode Island; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 in- habited islands and a few uninhabited islets Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm; fishing 200 nm People Population: 46,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.0% Nationality: noun-Faroese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Faroese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white popu- lation Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Labor force: 17,585; largely engaged in fish- ing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce Government Official name: Faroe Islands Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commissioner, and 32-member provincial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly Faroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsi- ble to provincial parliament ' Government leaders: MARGRETHE II, Queen (since January 1972); Atli DAM, Lagmand, Prime Minister (since December 1984); Niels BENTSEN, Danish Governor (since 1981) Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every four years; most recent, 8 November 1984 Political parties and leaders: four-party rul- ing coalition-Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Tobjern Poulsen; Peoples, Jogvan Sundstein Voting strength: (January 1985) four-party coalition-17 of 32 seats Economy GDP: $369.3 million (1980), about $8,799 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing Fishing: catch 248,705 metric tons (1982); ex- ports, $162.3 million (1980) Major trade partners: exports 21.3% Den- mark, 13.4% UK, 12.4% FRG, 11.7% US (1980) Budget: (FY81) expenditures, $98.8 million, revenues, $98.8 million Monetary conversion rate: 10.80 Danish kroner=US$1 (November 1984 average) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 200 km Ports: 2 major, 8 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good international communications; fair domestic facilities; 20,400 telephones (46.3 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 3 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of Denmark Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Fiji Viti Levu uvh Ka avu Ceva-i-Ra See regional map X Land 18,376 kmz; the size of Massachusetts; consists of more than 300 islands and many more coral atolls and cays; the larger islands-Viti Levu, Taveuni, and Kandavu-are moun- tainous and volcanic in origin, with peaks rising over 1,210 meters; land ownership- 83.6% Fijians, 7.2% European, 6.4% govern- ment, 1.7% Indians, 1.1 % other; about 30% of land area is suitable for farming Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 700,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Fijian(s); adjective- Fijian Ethnic divisions: 50% Indian, 45% Fijian; 5% European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and others Religion: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indi- ans are Hindu with a Muslim minority Language: English (official), Fijian, Hindu- stani spoken among Indians Labor force: 176,000 (1979); 43.8% agricul- ture, 15.6% industry Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into about 60 unions; unions orga- nized along lines of work and ethnic origin Government Official name: Fiji Type: independent parliamentary state within Commonwealth; Elizabeth II recog- nized as chief of state Capital: Suva, located on the south coast of the island of Viti Levu Political subdivisions: 14 provinces Legal system: based on British system National holiday: Fiji Day, 10 October Branches: executive-Prime Minister and Cabinet; legislative-52-member House of Representatives; 22-member appointed Sen- ate; judicial-Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Magistrate's Courts Government leader: Ratu Sir Kamisese MARA, Prime Minister (since 1966 [as Chief Minister during preindependence days]) Elections: every five years unless House dis- solves earlier; last held July 1982 Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by Siddiq Koya; Western United Front, Fijian, Ratu Osea Gauidi Voting strength: (July 1982) House of Repre- sentatives-(Alliance Party 28 seats; National Federation Party/Western United Front co- alition 24 seats Communists: few, no figures available (Janu- ary 1985) Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, EC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, UN, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: $1.85 billion (1982), $1,852 per capita; annual growth rate, 0.5% (1979-82) Agriculture: main crops-sugar, copra, ginger, rice; major deficiency, grains Major industries: sugar refining, tourism, gold, lumber, small industries Electric power: 210,000 kW capacity (1984); 223 million kWh produced (1984), 325 kWh per capita Exports: $280 million (f.o.b., 1981); 70% sugar; also copra Imports: $562 million (c.i.f., 1981); 24% man- ufactured goods, 20.0% machinery, 16.3% foodstuffs, 16% fuels Major trade partners: Australia, New Zea- land, Japan, UK, Singapore, US Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries (1980-82), $438 million Budget: (1981 est.) revenues, $259 million; expenditures, $239 million Monetary conversion rate: .9612 Fiji dollar=US$1 (30 November 1983) Communications Railroads: 644 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge; owned by Fiji Sugar Corp., Ltd. Highways: 2,960 km total (1981); 390 km paved, 2,150 km gravel, crushed stone, or sta- bilized soil surface; 420 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km naviga- ble by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Airfields: 28 total, 27 usable; 3 with perma- nent-surf ace runways,1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio in- tegrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facili- ties; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between US/Canada and New Zealand/Australia; 37,515 tele- phones (6.0 per 100 pop).); 7 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: integrated ground and naval forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 183,000; 101,000 fit for military service; 7,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: military budget for 1982, $17.0 million; 5% of central government budget Land 337,113 km2; slightly smaller than Montana; 58% forest, 34% other, 8% arable Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm; fishing 12 nm; Aland Islands, 3 nm Coastline: 1,126 km (approx.) excludes is- lands and coastal indentations People Population: 4,894,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.4% Nationality: noun-Finn(s); adjective- Finnish Ethnic divisions: Finn, Swede, Lapp, Gypsy, Tatar Religion: 97% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.2% Greek Orthodox, 1.8% other Language: 93.5% Finnish, 6.3% Swedish (both official); small Lapp- and Russian- speaking minorities Labor force: 2.546 million; 23.8% mining and manufacturing; 25.4% services; 18.5% com- merce; 11.9% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 7.2% construcbn; 7.0% transporta- tion and communicatSns; 6.1% unemployed (1983 average) ,ti Organized labor: 8C of labor force Government - Official name: Repblic of Finland Type: republic - I. Capital: Helsinki) Political subdivipns: 12 provinces, 443 communes, 78 tans Legal system: cl law system based on Swedish law; cojtitution adopted 1919; Su- preme Court mrequest legislation interpreting or edifying laws; legal educa- tion at Universbs of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulry ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations ';, National holida: Independence Day, 6 De- cember Branches: legiitive authority rests jointly with Presidentmd unicameral legislature (Eduskunta); eiutive power vested in Presi- dent and exerdd through coalition Cabinet responsible to'Srliament; Supreme court, four superior torts; 193 lower courts Government lders: Dr. Mauno ,KOIVISTO, Piident (since January 1982); ,.Kalevi SORSNrime Minister (since Febru- ary 1982) Suffrage: unir'sal, 18 years and over; not compulsory Elections: pi tmentary, every four years (last in 190residential, every six years Political paes and leaders: Social Demo- cratic PartKalevi Sorsa; Center Party, Paavo Vayien; People's Democratic League (Capunist front), Kalevi Kivisto; Conservati'Party, Illka Suominen; Liberal Party, KyoLallukka; Swedish Peoples Party, Par:nback; Rural Party, Pekka Vennamo;nnish Communist Party, Arvo Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Finland (continued) Aalto; Finnish Chrigan League, Esko Almgren; Constitutigal People's Party, Georg Ehrnrooth; Leque for Citizen Power, Kaarlo Pitsinki Voting strength: (198y arliamentary elec- tion) 26% Social Demoiatic, 22.1 % Conservative, 17.6% Cater-Liberal, 14.0% People's Democratic Legue, 9.7% Rural, 4.9% Swedish Peoples, ,% Christian League, 1.5% Greens, 0% Constitutional People's, 0.1% League f('Citizen Power Communists: 28,000 reg;ered members; an additional 45,000 personielong to People's Democratic League Member of ADB, CEMAspecial coopera- tion agreement), DAC, E(free trade agreement), EFTA (associe), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAcICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Delopment Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, Inrnational Lead and Zinc Study Group, IM IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IBC-International Wheat Council, Nordic C ncil, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WH, WIPO, WMO, WSG Crude steel: 2.4 million metric tons produced (1983), 496 kg per capita Electric power: 11,859,000 kW capacity (1984); 43.390 billion kWh produced (1984), 8,905 kWh per capita Exports: $12.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $12.8 billion (c.i.f., 1983); food- stuffs, petroleum and petroleum products,. chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics Major trade partners: (1983) exports-35.4% EC (9.5% FRG; 10.2% UK), 26.1% USSR, 12.4% Sweden, 4.1% US Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ments (ODA), $652 million (1970-82) Airfields: 163 total, 160 usable; 47 with per- manent-surface runways; 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 2.7 mil- lion telephones (53 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 90 FM, 200 TV stations; 3 submarine cables Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,319,000; 1,014,000 fit for military, service; 35,000 reach military age (17) annually Economy GNP: $49.4 billion (1983),,0,186 per cap- ita; 54.2% consumption, 21% investment, 22.8% government; 0.4% exports of goods and services; 1982 growth to 2.9% (1980 prices) Agriculture: animal husbalry, especially dairying, predominates; fo;try important secondary occupation for rd population; main crops-cereals, sugar ets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortage food and fod- der grains Fishing: catch 145,600 metnons (1982) Major industries: include mil manufac- turing and shipbuilding, forey and wood processing (pulp, paper), cop;- refining, foodstuffs, textiles and clothu' Shortages: fossil fuels; industr raw materi- als, except wood, and iron ore Budget: (1983) expenditures, $13.5 billion, revenues, $11.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 6.6140 Finnmark (Fim)=US$1(2 January 1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 6,071 km total; Finnish State Rail- ways (VR) operate a total of 6,043 km 1.524- meter gauge, 477 km multiple track, and 608 km electrified; 22 km 0.750-meter gauge and 6 km 1.524-meter gauge are privately owned Highways: about 74,960 km total in national classified network, including 31,000 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous- treated surface) and 42,552 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 29,440 km of private (state subsidized) roads Inland waterways: 6,675 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steam- ers Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km Ports: 11 major, 34 minor Civil air: 39 major transport Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $810 million; about 5.1% of proposed central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 547,026 km2; four-fifths the size of Texas; 34% cultivated; 24% meadow and pasture; 27% forest; 15% waste, urban, or other Land boundaries: 2,888 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 3,427 km (includes Corsica, 644 km) People Population: 55,094,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.4% Nationality: noun-Frenchman (men); ad- jective-French Ethnic divisions: Celtic and Latin with Teu- tonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, and Basque minorities Religion: 90% Roman Catholic, 2% Protes- tant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 6% unaffiliated Language: French (100% of population); rap- idly declining regional patois-Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish Labor force: 23.4 million (1983); 54.5% ser- vices, 29.5% industry, 8.5% agriculture; 8.5% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 20% of la- bor force Government Ofcial name: French Republic Type: republic, with President having wide powers Political subdivisions: 22 regions with 96 metropolitan departments Legal system: civil law system with indige- nous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning election of Presi- dent in 1962; judicial review of administra- tive but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law National holiday: National Day, 14 July Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature-National Assembly (491 members), Senate (304 members)- restricted to a delaying action; judiciary inde- pendent in principle Government leader: Francois MITTERRAND, President (since May 1981) Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compul- sory Elections: National Assembly-every five years, last election June 1981, direct universal suffrage, two ballots; Senate-indirect colle- giate system for nine years, renewable by one-third every three years, last election Sep- tember 1983; President, direct, universal suffrage every seven years, two ballots, last election May 1981 Political parties and leaders: majority coali- tion-Socialist Party (PS), Lionel Jospin; Communist Party (PCF), Georges Marchais; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Francois public (RPR, formerly UDR), Jacques Chirac; Union for French Democracy (fed- eration of PR, CDS, and RAD), Jean Lecanuet; Republicans (PR), Francois Leo- tard; Center for Social Democrats (CDS), Pierre Mehaignerie; Radical (BAD), Andre Rossinot Voting strength:. (first ballot, 1981 election) diverse left, Socialist 36.,12%; RPR, 20.8%; UDF, 19.2%; Communist, 16.17%; Left Rad- ical, 1.39%; diverse right,,2.8%; diverse left, 2.05%; other 1.47% Communists: 600,000 claimed; Communist voters, 4 million in 1981 elections Other political or pressure groups: Commu- nist-controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) yearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist-leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail-CFDT) about 800,000 members est.; independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) about 1,000,000 members est.;.independent white collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 340,000 members (claimed); National Coun- cil of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais-CNPF or Patronat) Member of. ADB, Council of.Europe, DAC, EC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP,IIBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and, Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ISO,.ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, South Pacific Commission, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO I Economy GDP: $518 billion (1983), $9,478 per capita; 66% private consumption, 16.4% govern- ment consumption, 16% investment (including government); 1981 real growth rate, .7%; average annual growth rate (1973- 83), 2.3% Agriculture: Western Europe's foremost pro- ducer; main products-beef, dairy products, Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 France (continued) cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone food- stuffs; food shortages-fats and oils, tropical produce Fishing: catch 713,530 metric tons (1982); ex- ports (includes shellfish, etc.) $316 million, imports $1,045 million (1983) Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, automobiles, food processing, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics Shortages: crude oil, natural gas, textile fi- bers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils Crude steel: 17.6 million metric tons pro- duced (1983), 322 kg per capita Electric power: 88,446,000 kW capacity (1984); 320.035 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,832 kWh per capita Exports: $89.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-machinery and transportation equip- ment, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals Imports: $97.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-crude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel prod- ucts, foodstuffs, agricultural products Major trade partners: (1983) imports-49% EC, 13% petroleum exporting countries, 7.7% US, 2.7% USSR, 2.6% Japan, 1.6% other Communist countries; exports-50% EC, 25.3% petroleum exporting countries, 6.0% US, 2.4% USSR, 1.7% other Communist countries, 1% Japan Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ments (ODA and OOF), $29.7 billion (1970- 82) Budget: (proposed for 1985) expenditures, 995 billion francs; revenues, 857 billion francs; deficit, 138 billion francs Monetary conversion rate: 8.40 French francs=US$1 (4 January 1984) Communications Railroads: French National Railways (SNCF) operates 34,599 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 10,660 km electrified, 15,132 km dou- ble or multiple track; 2,138 km of various gauges (1.000-meter to 1.440-meter), pri- vately owned and operated Highways: 1,533,940 km total; 33,400 km na- tional highway; 347,000 km departmental highway; 421,000 km community roads; 750,000 km rural roads; 5,209 km of con- trolled-access divided "autoroutes"; approx. 803,000 km paved Inland waterways: 14,932 km; 6,969 km heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil, 3,458 km; refined prod- ucts, 4,344 km; natural gas, 24,746 km Ports: 8 major, 16 secondary Civil air: 355 major transport aircraft (1982) Airfields: 465 total, 451 usable; 244 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 34 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 128 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed sys- tem provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broadcast ser- vices; 29.37 million telephones (54.2 per 100 pop].); 58 AM, 323 FM, 396 TV stations; 21 submarine coaxial cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with total of 7 anten- Defense Forces Branches: Army of the Ground, Navy, Army of the Air, National Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,997,000; fit for military service 11,864,000; 430,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $20 billion; about 18.1% of proposed central government bud- get North Atlantic 100 km I Ocean $ganti Eautahi to N[aroni Kourou CAYENNE Boundary repro on l alion is no, necr,ssa,t~y au,hor,a, oo Land 90,909 km'; slightly smaller than Maine; 90% forest; 10% waste, built on, inland water, and other, of which.05% is cultivated and pasture Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 rim (fishing 200 rim; economic zone 200 rim) People Population: 82,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.9% Nationality: noun-French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjective-French Guiana Ethnic divisions: 66% black or mulatto; 12% Caucasian; 12% East Indian, Chinese, Amer- indian; 10% other Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: French Literacy: 73% Labor force: 23,265 (1980); services, govern- ment, and commerce 60.6%; industry 21.2%; agriculture 18.2%; information on unem- ployment unavailable Organized labor: 7% of labor force Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: Department of French Gui- ana Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected munic- ipal council Agriculture: limited vegetables for local con- sumption; rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugar Fishing: catch 1,450 metric tons (1982 est.) Major industries: construction, shrimp pro- cessing, forestry products, rum, gold mining Electric power: 31,000 kW capacity (1984); 138 million kWh produced (1984), 1,725 kWh per capita Exports: $35.4 million (1981); shrimp, tim- ber, rum, rosewood essence Airfields: 11 total, 11 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair open-wire and ra- dio-relay system with about 18,100 telephones(25.9 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV stations;1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of France Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeals based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guade- loupe, and French Guiana Branches: executive: Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative-popularly elected 16- member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parlia- ment; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Bernard COURTOIS, Prefect of the Republic (since 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections nor- mally are held every five years; last election February 1983 Political parties and leaders: Guianese So- cialist Party (PSG), Raymond Tarcy (senator), Leopold Helder; Union of the Guianese Peo- ple (UPG), weak leftist party allied with, but also reported to have been absorbed by, the PSG; Rally for the Republic (RPR), Hector Rivierez Communists: Communist party member- ship negligible Economy GNP: $120 million (1976), $1,935 per capita Imports: $245.9 million (1981); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, pro- ducer goods, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-54% US, 17% Japan, 15% France, 5% Martinique; im- ports-53% France, 15% Trinidad and Tobago, 10% US (1981) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (FY70-79), from Western (non-US) countries, $700 million, no military aid Budget: $101 million (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 9.65 French francs=US$1 (January 1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 680 km total; 510 km paved, 170 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by na- tive craft Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Military manpower: males 15-49, 20,000; 14,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 French Polynesia 500 km lies Marquises Branches: 30-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5-member Council of Government, elected by Assembly; popular election of two deputies to National Assem- bly and one senator to Senate in Paris Budget: $180 million in 1979; ODA and OOF commitments from Western (non-US coun- tries) .~ A PAPEETE ,p Tahiti 0,,,c. rP //,Os ""6 4ai Land About 4,000 km2; larger than Rhode Island Water Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm) People Population: 166,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-French Polynesian(s); adjective-French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chi- nese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic Government Official name: Territory of French Polyne- sia Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Papeete Political subdivisions: five districts Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Government leader: Alain OHREL, High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government (since 1983), appointed by French Government; Gaston FLOSSE, Vice President of the Council of Government (since May 1982; highest elected official in the territory) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every five years, last in May 1982 Political parties and leaders: Tahoeraa Huiraatira (Gaullist), Gaston Flosse; Ai'a Api (New Country Party), Emile Vernaudon; Here Ai'a; la Mana (Socialist) Voting strength: (1982 election) Tahoeraa Huiraatira, 13 seats; Ai'a Api, 3 seats; Here Ai'a, 6 seats; la Mana, 3 seats; Independents, 4 seats; Te E'a Api, 1 seat Economy GDP: A$931.3 million (1980), US$6,400 per capita (1980) Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism Electric power: 71,000 kW capacity (1984); 263 million kWh produced (1984), 1,610 kWh per capita Exports: $21 million (1977); principal prod- ucts-coconut products (79%), mother-of- pearl (14%), vanilla (1971) Imports: $419 million (1977); principal items-fuels, foodstuffs, equipment Major trade partners: imports-59% France, 14% US; exports-86% France Monetary conversion rate: 127.05 Colonial Francs Pacifique (CFP)=$US1 (February 1984) Communications Highways: 3,700 km, all types Airfields: 38 total, 38 usable; 14 with perma- nent-surface runways, 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: about 6 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: 17,302 telephones (12.9 per 100 popl.); 72,000 radio and 14,000 TV sets; 5 AM, 2 FM, 6 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of France Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 267,667 km2; the size of Colorado; 75% forest, 15% savanna, 9% urban and waste, less than 1% cultivated Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 100 nm; fishing, 150 nm People Population: 988,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.1 % Nationality: noun-Gabonese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Gabonese Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, in- cluding 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Bapounou, Bateke); about 100,000ex- patriate Africans and Europeans, including 35,000 French Religion: 55-75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist Language: French (official); Fang, Myene, Bateke Labor force: 120,000 salaried (1983); 65% ag- riculture, 30% industry and commerce, 2.5% services, 2.5% government Organized labor: there are 38,000 members of the national trade union, the Gabonese Trade Union Confederation (COSYGA) Government Official name: Gabonese Republic Type: republic; one-party presidential re- gime since 1964 Political subdivisions: nine provinces subdi- vided into 36 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted National holidays: Renovation Day, 12 March; Independence Day, 17 August; major Islamic and Christian holidays Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for seven-year term; unicameral legislature (93-member National Assembly, including nine members chosen by Omar Bongo) has limited powers; constitution amended in 1979 so that Assem- bly deputies will serve-five-year terms; independent judiciary Government leader: El Hadj Omar BONGO, President (since December 1967) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: presidential election last held De- cember 1979, next scheduled for 1986; parliamentary election last held February 1980, next scheduled for 1985; constitutional change separates dates for presidential and parliamentary elections Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party Communists: no organized party; probably some Communist sympathizers Member of. AfDB, African Wood Organiza- tion, Conference of East and Central African States, BDECA (Central African Develop- ment Bank), EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $3.4 billion (1983), $3,692 per capita; 0.7% annual growth rate (1981) Agriculture: commercial-cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops-pine- apples, bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food Fishing: catch 52,638 metric tons (1982) Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petroleum refinery, food and bev- erage processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals-manganese, uranium, iron (not produced) Electric power: 280,000 kW capacity (1984); 735 million kWh produced (1984), 767 kWh per capita Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1982); crude pe- troleum, wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concentrates, gold) Imports: $0.7 billion (f.o.b., 1982); mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equip- ment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: France, US, FRG, Cu- racao Budget: (1982) revenues, $1.4 billion; current expenditures, $0.5 billion; capital expendi- tures, $0.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 479.875 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (December 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Gabon (continued) Communications Railroads: 970 km 1.437-meter standard gauge under construction; 180 km are com- pleted Highways: 7,393 km total; 300 km paved, 3,493 km gravel and improved and 3,600 km unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable Pipelines: crude oil, 270 km Ports: 2 major (Owendo and Port-Gentil), 3 minor Airfields: 78 total, 76 usable; 8 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; 2 At- lantic Ocean satellite stations; 6 AM, 6 FM, 8 TV stations; 11,600 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.) Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 234,000; 121,000 fit for military service; 7,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $73.4 million; 4.9% of cen- tral government budget The Gambia North Atlantic Ocean fenni .77i ~? F ~f: Sei748U Boundary represenratron .s not nece ssar~ly authoritative Land 11,295 km2; twice the size of Delaware; 55% upland cultivable, built on, and other; 25% uncultivated savanna; 16% swamp; 4% forest park Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 751,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.5% Nationality: noun-Gambian(s); adjective- Gambian Ethnic divisions: 90% African (37.7% Mandinka 16.2% Fula, 14% Wolof, 8.5% Jola, 7.8% Serahuli, 5.3% other); 10.5% non-Gam- bian Religion: 85% Muslim, 14% Christian, I% in- digenous beliefs Language: English (official); Mandinka, Wo- lof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Labor force: 378,850 (1980 est.); 75% agricul- ture; 18.9% industry, commerce, and services; 6.1 % government Organized labor: 25-30% of wage labor force at most Government Official name: Republic of The Gambia Type: republic; independent since February 1965 (The Gambia and Senegal in early 1982 formed a loose confederation named Sene- gambia, which calls for the integration of their armed forces, economies and monetary systems, and foreign policies) Political subdivisions: Banjul and five divi- sions Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independence in 1965, new re- publican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 18 February Branches: Cabinet of 13 members; unicam- eral legislative (43-member House of Representatives), in which four seats are re- served for tribal chiefs, four seats are government appointed, 35 are filled by elec- tion for five-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an appointed member; independent judiciary Government leader: Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA, President (since February 1965) Political parties and leaders: People's Pro- gressive Party (PPP), secretary general, Dawda K. Jawara; National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff Dibba Suffrage: universal adult over 21 Elections: general election held May 1982; PPP 37 seats, NCP 3 seats, independents 2 seats Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Member of. AfBD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IMF, IMO, IRC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $138 million (1984), about $190 per capita; real growth rate 13.4% (FY83) Agriculture: main crops-groundnuts, mil- let, sorghum, rice, maize, palm kernels, cotton Fishing: catch-9,704 metric tons (1982) Major industries: peanut processing, brew- ing, soft drinks, agricultural machinery assembly, small woodworking and metal- working, working, clothing Electric power: 30,000 kW capacity (1984); 64 million kWh produced (1984), 88 kWh per capita Exports: $66 million (f.o.b., FY84 est.) pea- nuts and peanut products, fish, palm kernels Imports: $87 million (f.o.b., FY84 est.); tex- tiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery,, petroleum products, chemicals Major trade partners: exports-mainly EC, Africa; imports-,-EC, Africa Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 82), $200 million; US (FY70-83), $42 million Budget: (1982-83 est.) revenues $44.2 mil- lion, current expenditures $34.90 million, development expenditures $19.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 dalasi=US$4.28 (December 1984) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: none Highways: 3,083 km total; 431 km paved, 501 km gravel/laterite, and 2,151 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 400 km Ports: 1 major (Banjul) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: adequate network of radio relay and wire; 3,500 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 2 FM, 3 AM, no TV stations;1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, paramilitary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 167,000; 85,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $2.4 million; 6.2% of central gov- ernment budget; includes fire and police expenditures German Democratic Republic The final borders of Germany have not been established Land 108,178 km2; the size of Virginia; 43% arable, 27% forest, 15% meadow and pasture, 15% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm fishing zone) Coastline: 901 km (including islands) People Population: 16,701,000, including East Ber- lin (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.0% Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective- German Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, 0.3% Slavic and other Religion: 47% Protestant, 7% Roman Catho- lic, 46% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catho- lics active participants Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 German Democratic Republic (continued) Labor force: 8.87 million; 37.9% industry, 20.7% services, 10.7% commerce, 10.1% agri- culture, 7.4% transport and communications, 6.9% construction, 3.1% handicrafts, 3.2% other (1983) Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force Government Official name: German Democratic Repub- lic Capital: East Berlin (not officially recog- nized by US, UK, and France, which together with the USSR have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin) Political subdivisions: (excluding East Ber- lin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,600 communities (Gemeinden) Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels admin- istrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universi- ties of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle, and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968, amended in 1974 and 1979 National holiday: Foundation of German Democratic Republic, 7 October Branches: unicameral legislature (People's Chamber-Volkskammer, elected directly); executive (Council of State, Council of Minis- ters); judiciary (Supreme Court); entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party Government leaders: Erich HONECKER, Chairman, Council of State (Head of State; since October 1976); Willi STOPH, Chair- man, Council of Ministers (Premier; since October 1976) National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off bal- lot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary election held 14 June 1981, and local elections held 6 May 1984 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party of Germany (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; four token parties (Christian Democratic Union, Na- tional Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasants' Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front Voting strength: 1984 parliamentary elec- tions and 1979 local elections; over 99% voted the regime slate Communists: 2.1 million party members Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federa- tion, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated) Member of. CEMA, IAEA, ICES, ILO, IMO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $154.8 billion (1983), $9,270 per cap- ita; 1983 growth rate 2.0% Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops- potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats Fishing: catch 265,015 metric tons (1983) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemi- cals, light industry, brown coal, shipbuilding Shortages: grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef, coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals Electric power: 23,010,000 kW capacity (1984); 113.568 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,793 kWh per capita Exports: $31.5 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1983) Imports: $30.2 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1983) Major trade partners: 65.2% Socialist coun- tries, 29.4% developed West, 5.4% less developed countries Monetary conversion rate: 2.60 ostmarks=US$1 (June 1984) Fiscal year: same as calendar year Communications Railroads: 14,226 km total; 13,933 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 293 km 1.000-meter or other narrow gauge, 3,830 (est.) km 1.435- meter double track standard gauge; 2,096 km overhead electrified (1983) Highways: 120,455 km total; 47,455 km con- crete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,887 km are autobahn and limited access roads; over 73,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1982) Inland waterways: 2,319 km (1983) Freight carried: rail-325.6 million metric tons, 54.9 billion metric ton/km (1983); high- way-584.1 million metric tons, 15.4 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway-17.5 mil- lion metric tons, 2.4 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) (1983) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,200 km; refined prod- ucts, 500 km; natural gas 1,500 km Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor; principal inland water- way ports are E. Berlin, Riesa, Magdeburg, and Eisenhuttenstadt Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over Elections: national every five years; pre- pared by an electoral commission of the Crude steel: 7.2 million metric tons produced (1983), approx. 432 kg per capita Telecommunications: 3.441 million tele- phones in use (1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Defense Forces Branches: National People's Army, Border Troops, Ministry of State Security Guard Regiment, Air and Air Defense Command, People's Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,318,000; 3,460,000 fit for military service; 121,000 reach military age (18) annually Ships: 12 principal surface combatants, 6 pa- trol combatants, 12 amphibious warfare ships, 82 coastal patrol river/roadstead craft, 30 mine warfare craft, 6 underway replen- ishment ships, 2 fleet support ships, 30 other auxiliaries Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 12.2 billion marks; 5.8% of total budget Germany, Federal Republic of agriculture, 1.7% other; 9.2% unemployed (February 1985) The final borders of Germany have not been established Land 248,577 km2 (including West Berlin); the size of Wyoming; 33% cultivated, 29% forest, 23% meadow and pasture, 13% waste or ur- ban, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 4,232 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.) People Population: 61,132,000, including West Ber- lin (July 1985), average annual growth rate-0.2% Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective- German Ethnic divisions: primarily German; Danish minority Religion: 45% Roman Catholic, 44% Protes- tant, 11% other Labor force: 25.668 million (1982); 33.8% manufacturing, 29.2% services, 16.8% gov- ernment, 5.9% construction, 5.4% Organized labor: 37% of total labor force; 46.4% of wage and salary earners (1982) Government Official name: Federal Republic of Ger- many 'Political subdivisions: 10 Lander (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately con- trolled by US, UK, and France, which, together with the USSR, have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin Legal system: civil law system with indige- nous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Su- preme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament-Bundes- rat (Federal Council, upper house), Bundestag (National Assembly, lower house); President (titular head of state), Chancellor (executive head of government); indepen- dent judiciary Government leaders: Richard von WEIZSACKER, President (since July 1984); Dr. Helmut KOHL, Chancellor (since Octo- ber 1982) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: national election generally held every four years; last held on 6 March 1983 Political parties and leaders: Christian Dem- ocratic Union (CDU), Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Stoltenberg, Ernst Albrecht, Alfred Dregger, Lother Spaeth; Christian Social Union (CSU), Franz Josef Strauss, Edmund Stoiber, Friedrich Zimmermann, Theo Waigel; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Martin Banqe- Mann, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Wolfgang Mischnick; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans-Jochen Vogel, Johannes Rau, Hans Apel, Horst Ehmke; National Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Germany, Federal Republic of (continued) Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies; Green Party (Greens), Petra Kelly, Otto Schily, Roland Vogt Electric power: 93,095,000 kW capacity (1984); 394.115 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,420 kWh per capita Inland waterways: 5,222 km, of which al- most 70% usable by craft of 990 metric ton capacity or larger Voting strength: (1983 election) 48.8% CDU/CSU (CDU 38.2%, CSU 10.6%), 38.2% SPD, 6.9% FDP, 5.6% Greens,.5% other Communists: about 40,000 members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of. ADB,'Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EIB, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $655.5 billion (1983), $10,672 per cap- ita (1982); 56.3% private consumption, 20.4% public consumption, 17.5% private invest- ment, 30% public investment, 0.4% inventory change, 2.4% net foreign balance; growth rate 1.1% (1982, at 1976 prices); growth rate 1.3% (1983, at 1976 prices) Agriculture: main crops-grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient Fishing: catch 274,000 metric tons, $126.9 million (1983); exports $228.9 million, im- ports $625.9 million (1982) Major industries: among world's largest pro- ducers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles, machine tools Shortages: fats and oils, pulses, tropical prod- ucts, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur Crude steel: 50-60 million metric tons capac- ity; 35.7 million metric tons produced (1983), 580 kg per capita Exports: $168.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); manu- factures 84.7% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural prod- ucts 5.5%, fuels 3.3%, raw materials 2.8%, other 3.7% Imports: $152.0 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manu- factures 55.4%, fuels 21.3%, agricultural products 12.4%, raw materials 8.2%, other 2.6% Major trade partners: (1983),EC 47.1% (France 12.9%, Netherlands 8.8%, UK 8.1%, Italy 7.5%, Belgium-Luxembourg 7.3%,), other Europe 19.1 %, US 7.6%, OPEC 7.2%, Communist 5.3% Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ments (ODA and OOF), $39.2 billion (1970- 82) Budget: (1983) federal government expendi- tures, $97.4 billion; revenues, $84.9 billion; deficit, $12.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.07 marks=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 32,555 km total; 28,533 km 1.435- meter government owned, standard gauge, 12,491 km double track; 11,140 km electri- fied; 4,022 km nongovernment owned; 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 214 km electrified, 424 km 1.000-meter gauge; 186 km electrified Highways: 466,305 km total; 169,568 km classified, includes 6,435 km autobahn, 32,460 km national highways (Bundesstrassen), 65,425 km state highways (Landesstrassen), 65,248 km county roads. (Kreisstrassen), and 296,737 km of unclassi- fied communal roads (Gemeindestrassen) Pipelines: crude oil, 2,343 km; refined prod- ucts, 3,389 km; natural gas, 95,414 km Airfields: 479 total, 442 usable; 232 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 33 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all re- spects; 31.37 million telephones (51 per 100 popl.); 77 AM, 392 FM, and 6,030 TV sta- tions; 6 submarine coaxial cables; 2 satellite stations with total of 7 antennas Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 16,595,000; 13,858,000 fit for military ser- vice; 525,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $22.1 billion; almost 22.9% of the proposed central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 ,; KuM dkar See regional map V11, Land 238,538 km'; slightly smaller than Oregon; 60% forest and brush, 19% agricultural, 21% other Water Coastline: 539 km Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 13,197,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.0% Nationality: noun-Ghanaian(s); adjec- tive-Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: 99.8% black African (major tribes Akan, Ewe, Ga), 0.2% European and other Religion: 42% Christian, 38% indigenous be- liefs, 12% Muslim, 7% other Language: English (official); African lan- guages include 44% Akan, 16% Mole- Dagbani, 13% Ewe, and 8% Ga-Adangbe Labor force: 3.7 million; 54.7% agriculture and fishing; 18.7% industry; 15.2% sales and clerical; 7.7% services, transportation, and communications; 3.7% professional; 400,000 unemployed Organized labor: 467,000 or approximately 13% of labor force Government Official name: Republic of Ghana Type: republic; 31 December 1981 coup ended.two-year-old civilian government and suspended constitution and political activity Political subdivisions: 8 administrative re- gions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law .and customary law; legal education at Uni- versity of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 March Branches: executive authority vested in seven-member Provisional National Defense Council (PNDC); on 21 January 1982 PNDC appointed secretaries to head most ministries Government leader: Fit. Lt. (Ret.) Jerry John RAWLINGS, Chairman of PNDC (since De- cember 1981) Suffrage: universal at age 18 Elections: elections held in June 1979 for par- liament and president; presidential runoff election held in July; none scheduled since 1981 coup Political parties and leaders: political parties outlawed after 31 December 1981 coup Communists: a small number of Commu- nists and sympathizers Member of. AfDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO,.UPU, World Confederation of Labor, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $10.5 billion (1982 .est.) real growth rate -7.2% (1982 est.) Agriculture: main crop-cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, sorghum, millet, coffee, peanuts; not self-sufficient but can become so Fishing: catch 230,593 metric tons (1981) Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, fishing, aluminum Electric power: 1,200,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.102 billion kWh produced (1984), 152 kWh per capita Exports: $856.9 million (f.o.b., 1982); cocoa (about 45%), wood, gold, diamonds, manga- nese, bauxite, aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance-of- payments data) Imports: $668.7 million(f.o.b., 1982); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: UK, EC, US Budget: revenues, $1.8 billion; expenditures and net lending, $3.5 billion (1.981/82) Monetary conversion rate: 50 cedi=US$1 (December 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 953-km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 32 km double track; diesel locomotives gradu- ally.replacing steam engines Highways: 32,250 km total; 6,084 km con- crete or bituminous surface, 26,166 km gravel or laterite Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 168 km of perennial Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Ghana (continued) navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: refined products, 3 km Ports: 2 major (Tema, Takoradi) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 10 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open- wire and cable, radio-relay links; 68,900 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground sta- tion Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary Palace Guard, paramilitary People's Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,841,000; 1,581,000 fit for military service; 136,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $75.8 million; 5.5% of central gov- ernment budget Mediterranean Lighthouse .... .,~.,, Sea Fortress Headquarter Strait of Gibraltar See regional map V Land 6.5 kmt; smaller than Washington, D.C. Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm People Population: 31,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.9% Nationality: noun-Gibraltarian; adjec- tive-Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, and Spanish descent Religion: 75% Roman Catholic, 8% Church of England, 2.25% Jewish Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non- Gibraltar laborers Government Official name: Gibraltar Legal system: English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral inquiry Branches: parliamentary system comprising the Gibraltar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Gov- ernor is appointed by the Crown Government leaders: Adm. Sir David W. WILLIAMS, Governor and Commander in Chief (since 1982); Sir Joshua A. HASSAN, Chief Minister (1964-69 and since 1972) Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more Elections: every four years; last held in Janu- ary 1984 Political parties and leaders: Gibraltar La- bor Party/ Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Party of British Gibral- tar (DPBG), Peter Isola; Socialist Labor Party, Joe Bossano Voting strength: (January 1984) House of the Assembly-GCL/AACR, 8 seats; Socialist Labor, 7 seats Other political or pressure groups: House- wives Association, Chamber of Commerce, Gibraltar Representatives Organization Economy Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and re- pair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year; UK military establish- ments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force and a recently Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 announced decision to close the Royal Navy dockyard will significantly add to unemploy- ment; local industry is confined to manu- facture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in impor- tance Electric power: 59,600 kW capacity (1984); 210 million kWh produced (1984), 7,000 kWh per capita Exports: $47.8 million (1983); principally re- exports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine Imports: $136.8million (1983); principally manufactured goods, fuels, and foodstuffs; 65% from UK Major trade partners: UK, Morocco, Portu- gal, Netherlands Budget: (FY82) revenues, $89 million; expen- diture, $84.2 million Monetary conversion rate: .833 Gibraltar pound=.833 pound sterling=US$1 (Decem- her 1984) Communications Railroads: 1.000-meter gauge system in dockyard area only Highways: 56 km, mostly paved Ports: I major (Gibraltar) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate interna- tional radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 9,400 telephones(31.5 per 100 popl.); I AM, 6 FM, 4 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom Branches: Gibraltar Regiment ATHENS oQ ?0 n? Rhodes Land 131,944 km2; the size of New York; 40% meadow and pasture; 29% arable and perma- nent crop; 20% forest; 11 % waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 1,191 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm People Population: 9,966,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.6% Nationality: noun-Greek(s); adjective- Greek Ethnic divisions: 97.7% Greek, 1.3% Turk- ish; 1.0% Vlach, Slav, Albanian, Pomach Note: The Greek Government states that there are no ethnic minorities in Greece Religion: 98% Greek Orthodox, 1.3% Mus- lim, 0.7% other Language: Greek (official); English and French widely understood Labor force: 3.7 million (1981 census); ap- proximately 39% services, 31% agriculture, 30% industry; urban unemployment is esti- mated at 10%; substantial unreported unem- ployment exists in agriculture Organized labor: 10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force Government Official name: Hellenic Republic Type: presidential parliamentary govern- ment; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974 Political subdivisions: 51 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by cen- tral ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding pro- grams imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence that prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the de- partments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975 National holiday: Independence Day, 25 March Branches: executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (Parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; unicameral legisla- ture consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary Government leaders: Dr. Andreas PAPANDREOU, Prime Minister (since Oc- tober 1981); Christos SARTZETAKIS, President Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Greece (continued) George Rallis in elections held on 18 October 1981; presidential election 17 March 1985 Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic So- cialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy (ND), Con- stantine Mitsotakis; Communist Party- Exterior (KKE-Ext), Kharilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior (KKE-Int), Giannis Banias; United Democratic Left (EDA), Ilias Iliou; National Political Union, George Popadopoulos Voting strength: Parliament-Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 165 seats; New Democ- racy, 109 seats; Communists (Exterior), 12 seats; independents and minor parties, 14 seats manufactured consumer goods, chemicals, meat and live animals Major trade partners: (1983 est.) imports- 17.3% FRG, 12.4% Saudi Arabia, 8.9% Italy, 6.8% Japan, 6.8% France; exports-20.1% FRG, 13.5% Italy, 7.4% France, 7.3% Saudi Arabia, 6.3% US Aid: economic commitments-US, including Ex-Im, $525 million (FY70-82); other West- ern bilateral (ODA and OOF), $1 billion (1970-82); Communist countries (1970-83), $360 million; military-US, $2.1 billion (FY70-83) Budget: (1983) central government revenues $9.4 billion, expenditures $13.3 billion, $3.9 billion deficit Telecommunications: adequate, modern networks reach all areas on mainland islands; 3.11 million telephones (31.6 per 100 popl.); 28 AM, 37 FM, and 195 TV stations; 5 subma- rine cables; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Indian Ocean antenna Defense Forces Branches: Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,360,000; 1,908,000 fit for military service; about 77,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $2.2 billion; about 17.5% of central government budget Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers Member of. EC, EIB (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $34.9 billion (1983), $3,544 per capita; real growth rate 0.8% (1983) Agriculture: main crops-wheat, olives, to- bacco, cotton, raisins; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages-livestock products Major industries: food and tobacco process- ing, textiles, chemicals, metal products Crude steel:1.3 million metric tons produced (1983 est.), 132 kg per capita Electric power: 9,928,000 kW capacity (1984); 24.613 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,485 kWh per capita Exports: $4.41 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles Imports: $9.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items-machinery and automotive equip- ment, petroleum and petroleum products, Monetary conversion rate: 124.40 Greek drachmas=US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 2,479 km total; 1,565 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km 1.000-meter gauge; 22 km 0.750-meter nar- row gauge; all government owned Highways: 38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: system consists of three coastal canals and three unconnected rivers, which provide navigable length of just under 80 km Pipelines: crude oil, 26 km; refined products, 547 km Ports: 2 major, 12 secondary, 37 minor Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft Airfields: 81 total, 78 usable; 55 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Arctic Ocean Nord Type: self-governing province of Kingdom of Denmark; two representatives in Danish par- liament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish Cabinet Electric power: 80,000 kW capacity (1984); 168 million kWh produced (1984), 3,170 kWh per capita Baffin Bay Land 2,175,600 km'; larger than contiguous US; 84% permanent ice and snow, less than 1% arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 15% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: approx. 44,087 km (includes minor islands) People Population: 54,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.2% Nationality: noun-Greenlander(s); adiec- tive-Greenlandic Ethnic divisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), 14% Danish Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects Literacy: 99% Labor force: 21,378; largely engaged in fish- ing, hunting, and sheep breeding Government Official name: Greenland Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 com- munes Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953; limited home rule began in spring 1979 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with the elected 26-seat Landsting and Dan- ish parliament; executive power vested in Premier and four-person council; 19 lower courts Government leaders: MARGRETHE II, Queen (since January 1972); Jonathan MOTZFELDT, Prime Minister (since May 1979) Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every four years; most recent, 6 June 1984 Political parties: Siumut, 11 seats (moderate socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity and greater autonomy from Den- mark); Atassut Party, 11 seats (more conservative, favors continuing close rela- tions with Denmark); Inuit Atagatigiit, 3 seats (Marxist-Leninist party favoring com- plete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) Economy GNP: included in that of Denmark Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce Fishing: catch 105,830 tons (1982); exports $108.6 million (1980) Exports: $168.4 million (f.o.b., 1980); fish and fish products, metallic ores and concentrates Imports: $259.4 million (c.i.f., 1980); petro- leum and petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, food products Major trade partners: (1980) Denmark 49.4%, Finland 9.5%, FRG 8.1%, US 6.3%, UK 2.9% Monetary conversion rate: 10.80 Danish Kroner=US$1 (November 1984 average) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 80 km Ports: 7 major, 16 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 7 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and radio relay; 15,300 telephones (30.9 per 100 pop].); 9 AM, 13 FM, 4 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Denmark Military manpower: included with Den- mark Major industries: mining, fishing, sealing 91 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 SAINT GEORGE'S ! Carriacou Ob North Atlantic Ocean Land 344 km2 (Grenada and southern Grenadines); twice the size of Washington, D.C.; 44% cul- tivated; 17% unused but potentially productive; 12% forest; 4% pasture; 23% built on, waste, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 88,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate -0.4% Nationality: noun-Grenadian(s); adjec- tive-Grenadian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Religion: largely Roman Catholic; Anglican; other Protestant sects Language: English (official); some French patois Labor force: 38,000 (1980 est.); 38% services, 20% agriculture, 11% construction, 4% man- ufacturing; 27% unemployment Government Official name: Grenada Type: independent state; recognizes Eliza- beth II as Chief of State Capital: St. George's Political subdivisions: 6 parishes Legal system: based on English common law National holiday: Independence Day, 7 Feb- ruary Branches: bicameral legislature (15-member elected House of Representatives and 13- member appointed Senate; executive is Cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary consists of Grenada Supreme Court, com- posed of the High Court of Justice and two- tier Court of Appeals Government leaders: Sir Paul SCOON, Gov- ernor General (since 1978); Herbert BLAIZE, Prime Minister (since December 1984) Elections: last general election held 3 De- cember 1984 Political parties and leaders: the New Na- tional Party (NNP) is the ruling party and is a three-party centrist coalition composed of the Grenada National Party (GNP), the Na- tional Democratic Party (NDP), and the Grenada Democratic Movement (GDM); for- mer Prime Minister Eric Gairy revived his Grenada United Labor Party (GULP) in 1984; the Maurice Bishop Patriotic Move- ment (MBPM) was formed in May 1984 and is composed of pro-Cuban Socialists; the New Jewel Movement (NJM) consists of supporters of Bernard Coard and other hardliners ac- cused of killing Bishop in 1983 Voting strength: (1984 election) NNP 59%, GULP 36%, MBPM 5%; parliamentary seats-NNP, 14; GULP, 1 Communists: the New Jewel Movement, which is currently trying to revitalize, and the less hardline Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement Member of. CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Economy GDP: $119 million (1983), $1,337 per capita; real growth rate 2.6% (1983 est.) Agriculture: main crops-cocoa, nutmeg, mace, and bananas Electric power: 12,000 kW capacity (1984); 26 million kWh produced (1984), 300 kWh per capita Exports: $19.1 million (f.o.b., 1983 prelim.); cocoa beans, nutmeg, bananas, mace Imports: $56.2 million (c.i.f., 1983 prelim.); food, machinery and transport equipment, oil, building materials Major trade partners: exports-32% UK, 10% FRG, 10% Netherlands (1982); im- ports-20% US, 19% Trinidad and Tobago, 15% UK (1982) Budget: (prelim. 1982) revenues, $27 million; expenditures, $62 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 1,000 km total; 600 km paved, 300 km otherwise improved; 100 km unim- proved Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways,1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Guadeloupe Telecommunications: automatic, island- wide telephone system with 5,650 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl.); new SHF links to Trinidad and St. Vincent; VHF and UHF links to Trin- idad and Carriacou; 2 AM stations, 1 TV station Defense Forces Branches: Royal Grenada Police Force Caribbean Sea See regional map 111 North Atlantic Ocean Land 1,779 km2; more than twice the size of New York City; area consists of two islands; 47% waste and built on, 24% crop, 16% forest, 9% pasture, 4% potential crop Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 People Population: 333,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.4% Nationality: noun-Guadeloupian(s); adjec- tive-Guadeloupe Ethnic divisions: 90% black or mulatto; 5% Caucasian; less than 5% East Indian, Leba- nese, Chinese Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Labor force: 120,000; services, government, and commerce 53%; industry 25.8%; agricul- ture 21.2%; significant unemployment Government Official name: Department of Guadeloupe Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by three deputies in the French National Assembly and two senators in the Senate; last Assembly election, 21 June 1981 Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected General Council of 36 members and a Regional Coun- cil composed of members of the local General Council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Maurice SABORIN, Prefect of the Republic (since 1984) Elections: General Council elections are nor- mally held every five years; last General Council election took place in June 1981; re- gional assembly elections held February 1983 Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), Gabriel Lisette; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Henri Bangou; Socialist Party (MSG), leader unknown; Pro- gressive Party of Guadeloupe (PPG), Henri Rodes; Independent Republicans; Federa- tion of the Left; Union for French Democracy (UDF); Union for a New Major- ity (UNM) Voting strength: (1981 election) French Na- tional Assembly-MSG, 1 seat; PCG, 1 seat; UDF, 1 seat Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Guadeloupe (continued) Other political or pressure groups: Guade- loupe Liberation Army (GLA), Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC), Popular Movement for Independent Guadeloupe (MPGI) Economy GDP: $1.18 billion (1980), $3,765 per capita; real growth rate 15.7% (1979-80 average) Agriculture: sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, vegetables Major industries: construction, cement, rum, light industry, tourism Electric power: 80,000 kW capacity (1984); 273 million kWh produced (1984), 822 kWh per capita Exports: $89.2 million (1981); bananas, sugar, rum Imports: $560 million (1981); vehicles, food- stuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-88% franc zone; imports-73% franc zone, 3% Italy (1981) Aid: economic-bilateral ODA and OOF commitments (1970-79) from Western (non- US) countries, $2.4 billion; no military aid Monetary conversion rate: 9.65 French francs=US$1 (January 1985) Communications Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines Highways: 1,954 km total; 1,600 km paved, 340 km gravel and earth Airfields: 9 total, 9 usable, 8 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: domestic facilities in- adequate; 50,200 telephones (15.7 per 100 popl.); interisland radio-relay to Antigua, Dominica, and Martinique; 2 AM, 3 FM, 9 TV stations Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of France Gulf of Honduras Santo omas ..d@i:Castilla Quezaltenango ? GUATEMALA Land 108,780 km2; the size of Tennessee; 57% for- est; 14% cultivated; 10% pasture; 19% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 8,335,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun-Guatemalan(s); adjec- tive-Guatemalan Ethnic divisions: 58.6% Ladino (mestizo and westernized Indian), 41.4% Indian Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; also Protestant, traditional Mayan Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue (18 Indian dialects, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi) Labor force (1984): 2.5 million; 57.0% agri- culture, 14.0% manufacturing, 13.0% services, 7.0% commerce, 4.0% construction, 3.0% transport, 0.8% utilities, 0.4% mining; unemployment 33% Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Organized labor: 10% of labor force (1984) Government Official name: Republic of Guatemala Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Political subdivisions: 22 departments Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966 but suspended follow- ing March 1982 coup; Constituent Assembly elected in July 1984 currently drafting new constitution and other electoral laws in anticipation of national elections later this year; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of Gua- temala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September National United Front (FUN), Gabriel Giron Ortiz; Nationalist Renovator Party (PNR), Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre; United Revo- lutionary Party (FUR), Edmundo Lopez Duran; National Centrist Union (UCN), Jorge Carpio Nicolle Voting strength: (July 1984) Constituent As- sembly-DCG 318,300 (16%), UCN 269,500 (13%), MLN/CAN 245,500 (12%); PR 142,600 (7%); PNR 129,700 (6%); PID 102,800 (5%) Communists: Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT); main radical left guerrilla groups- Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP), Revolu- tionary Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA), Rebel Armed Forces (FAR), and PGT Dissidents Other political or pressure groups: Feder- ated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CACIF) Exports: $1.1 billion(f.o.b., 1983); coffee, cot- ton, sugar, bananas, meat Imports: $1.12 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manufac- tured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: exports (1983)-30% US, 17% El Salvador, 6% Honduras, 5% Costa Rica; imports (1983)-33% US, 10% El Salva- dor, 8% Netherland Antilles, 7% Mexico, 7% Venezuela Aid: economic commitments-US, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $305 million; from other Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $5.8 billion; military-assistance from US (FY70-79), $22 million Central government budget: (1983 est.) ex- penditures, $1.03 billion; revenues, $704 million Branches: traditionally dominant executive; unicameral legislature (National Congress) abolished 23 March 1982; power vested in Office of President; seven-member (mini- mum) Supreme Court Government leader: Maj. Gen. Oscar Humberto MEJIA Victores, Chief of State (since August 1983) Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates Elections: last election (Constituent Assem- bly) held 1 July 1984; Presidential and Congressional elections held 7 March 1982 Political parties and leaders: 20 political groups participated in elections for an 88- member Constituent Assembly in July 1984; national elections tentatively scheduled dur- ing 1985; Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Oscar Humberto Rivas Garcia; Revo- lutionary Party (PR), Napoleon Alfaro; National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan Chris- tian Democratic Party (DCG), Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo; Nationalist Authentic Cen- tral (CAN), Mario Roberto Aguilar Arroyo; Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $8.9 billion (1983), $1,136 per capita; 26% commerce, 25% agriculture, 9% finan- cial services, 7% transportation and communication, 6% government, 11% other; average annual real growth rate (1975-80), 5.7%; real growth rate 1983, -5.4% Agriculture: main products-coffee, cotton, corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas, livestock Fishing: catch 4,898 metric tons (1980) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, non- metallic minerals, metals Electric power: 655,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1983), 235 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal=US$1 (official; February 1984) Communications Railroads: 870 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track; 780 km government owned, 90 km pri- vately owned Highways: 26,429 km total; 2,851 km paved, 11,438 km gravel, and 12,140 km unimproved Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season Ports: 2 major (Puerto Ouezal, formerly known as San Jose, and Santo Tomas de Casti- lla), 3 minor Airfields: 498 total, 451 usable; 11 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Guatemala (continued) Telecommunications: fairly modern telecom network centered on Guatemala City; 97,670 telephones (1.6 per 100 popl.); 98 AM, 20 FM, 25 TV stations; connection into Central American microwave net; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,979,000; 1,343,000 fit for military service; about 77,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $179.8 million; 14.9% of central government budget Land 245,957 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon; 10% forest, 3% crop Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 5,734,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage la- bor force loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers Government Official name: Republic of Guinea Type: republic Capital: Conakry Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, divided into 36 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem, customary law, and decree; 1958 constitution suspended after military coup on 3 April 1984; legal codes currently being re- vised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 2 Oc- tober; Anniversity of Committee for National Redressment, 3 April Branches: coup on 3 April 1984 established the 25-member (currently 20 members) Mili- tary Committee for National Redressment to determine government policy; the highest ranking CMRN member became President, with other CMRN assuming most Cabinet portfolios; precoup unicameral legislature has been abolished Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective- Guinean Ethnic divisions: Fulani, Malinke, Sousou, 15 smaller tribes Religion: 75% Muslim, 24% indigenous be- liefs, 1% Christian Language: French (official); each tribe has own language Literacy: 20% in French; 48% in local lan- guages Labor force: 2.4 million (1983); 82% agricul- ture, 11% industry and commerce, 5.4% services, 1.6% government Government leaders: Col. Lansana CONTE, Head of Government (since April 1984) Elections: none scheduled but CMRN has promised to create a true and viable democ- racy Political parties and leaders: following 3 April 1984 coup all political activity banned and only party, Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), dissolved Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Member of. AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, Mano River Union, Niger River Com- mission, NAM, OAU, OATUU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $1.51 billion (1983 est.), $278 per cap- ita; real growth rate 1.3% (1984 est.) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, citrus fruits, pineap- ples; staple food crops-cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft Ports: 1 major (Conakry), 2 minor Airfields: 17 total, 17 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Army (ground forces), Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, para- military National Gendaramerie Guinea-Bissau (formerly Portuguese Guinea) Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina, diamond mining, light manufacturing and processing industries Electric power: 100,000 kW capacity (1984); 264 million kWh produced (1984), 47 kWh per capita Exports: $537 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); baux- ite, alumina, diamonds, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels Imports: $403 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); pe- troleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: imports-France, USSR, US; exports-US, USSR, France, Spain Budget: (1983) public revenues, $444 million; current expenditures, $330 million; develop- ment expenditures, $104 million Monetary conversion rate: 25.1 sylis=US$1 ;December 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,045 km; 806 km 1.000-meter gauge, 239 km 1.435-meter standard gauge Highways: 30,000 km total; 1,087 km paved, 13,013 km gravel or laterite, 16,000 km un- ,mproved earth Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,282,000; 645,000 fit for military service Land 36,260 km2 (includes Bijagos archipelago); about the size of New Hampshire and Connecticut combined Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including, fishing 200 nm) People Population: 858,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.9% Nationality: noun-Guinea-Bissauan(s); ad- jective-Guinea-Bissauan Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (30% Balanta, 20% Fula, 14% Manjaca, 13% Mandinga, 7% Papel); less than I% European and mulatto Religion: 65% indigenous beliefs, 30% Mus- lim, 5% Christian Language: Portuguese (official); Criolo and numerous African languages Labor force: 90% agriculture; 5% industry, services, and commerce; 5% government Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Guinea-Bissau (continued) Government Official name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau Type: republic; highly centralized one party regime since September 1974 Economy GDP: $154 million (FY83), $182 per capita, real growth rate -5.1% (1983) Agriculture: main crops-rice, palm prod- ucts, root crops, coconuts, peanuts, wood Telecommunications: limited system of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 3,000 tele- phones(0.5 per 100 popl.);1 AM station, I FM station, no TV stations Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities, 3 circumscriptions (predominantly indigenous population) Legal system: new constitution approved May 1984 National holiday: Independence Day, 24 September Branches: president and cabinet; 150-mem- ber National Popular Assembly, overseen by 15-member Council of State Government leaders: Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, President, Council of State (since November 1980); Paulo CORREIA, First Vice President, Council of State (since May 1984); Iafai CAMARA, Sec- ond Vice President, Council of State (since May 1984) Elections: legislative elections held March 1984 Political parties and leaders: African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), led by President Vieira, only legal party; Guinea-Bissau de- cided to retain the binational party title despite its formal break with Cape Verde Communists: a few Communists, some sym- pathizers Member of. AfDB, CEAO, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, ISCON, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Fishing: catch 6,000 metric tons (1983) Major industries: agricultural processing, beer, soft drinks Electric power: 20,000 kW capacity (1984); 26 million kWh produced (1984), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $8.6 million (1983); principally pea- nuts; also palm kernels, shrimp, fish, lumber Imports: $57.1 million (1983); foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, transport equip- ment Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, Spain, and other European countries Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $12.2 million; current expenditures, $27.4 million; invest- ment expenditures, $27.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 83.528 Guinea Bissauan pesos=US$1 (November 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: approx. 3,218 km (418 km bitu- minous, remainder earth) Inland waterways: scattered stretches are important to coastal commerce Airfields: 56 total, 50 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP); Army, Navy, and Air Force are separate components Military manpower: males 15-49, 197,000; 115,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Guyana Government Official name: Cooperative Republic of Guyana and file is conservative and non-Communist; small but unknown number of orthodox Marxist-Leninists within PNC, some of whom are PPP turncoats Boundary rapinannlohon is not necu:ssaniy authowal- Land 214,970 km'; the size of Idaho; 66% forest; 22% water, urban, and waste; 8% savanna; 3% pasture; 1% cropland Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; economic zone 200 nm) People Population: 798,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.4% Nationality: noun-Guyanese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Guyanese Ethnic divisions: 51% East Indian, 43% black and mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2% European and Chinese Religion: 57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1% other Labor force: 200,000 (1982); 44.5% industry and commerce, 33.8% agriculture, 21.7% ser- vices; 64% public sector employment; approximately 21% unemployed Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Georgetown Political subdivisions: 10 government dis- tricts Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: Republic Day, 23 Febru- ary Branches: Executive President, who appoints and heads a cabinet; unicameral legislature (53-member National Assembly) elected by proportional representation every five years Government leader: Linden Forbes Samp- son BURNHAM, Executive President (since 1964; elected in 1980 under new constitution) Political parties and leaders: People's Na- tional Congress (PNC), Forbes Burnham; People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan; Working People's Alliance (WPA), Rupert Roopnarine, Clive Thomas, Walter Omawale, Eusi Kwayana, Moses Bhagwan, Kenneth Persand; United Force (UF), Feilden Singh; Vanguard for Liberation and Democracy (VLD; also known as Liberator Party), Ganraj Kumar, Dr. J. K. Makepeace Richmond; Democratic Labor Movement, Dr. Paul Tennassee Voting strength: (1980 election, unofficial returns) 77% PNC (41 seats), 19% PPP (10 seats), 4% UF (2 seats) Communists: est. 100 hardcore within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Working People's Vanguard Party (WPVP); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Committee (CLAC); the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized Member of: CARICOM, CDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GNP: $430 million (1982), $539 per capita; real growth - 10% (1982) Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages-wheat flour, cooking oil, processed meat, dairy products Major industries: bauxite mining, sugar and rice milling, timber fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining Electric power: 200,000 kW capacity (1984); 266 million kWh produced (1984), 335 kWh per capita Exports: $241 million (c.i.f., 1982); bauxite, sugar, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, rum Imports: $283 million (c.i.f., 1982); manufac- tures, machinery, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-28% UK, 21% US, 14% CARICOM, 6% Canada; im- ports-35% CARICOM, 23% UK, 22% US, 4% Canada (1980) Budget: est. revenue, $200 million; expendi- ture $381 million (1983) Monetary conversion rate: G$4.25=US$1 (December 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Guyana (continued) Communications Railroads: 185 km total, all single track 1.435- meter gauge Highways: 7,650 km total; 550 km paved, 5,000 km gravel, 1,525 km earth, 575 km un- improved Inland waterways: 6,000 km total of naviga- ble waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceango- ing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively Airfields: 86 total, 85 usable; 6 with perma- nent-surface runways; 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair telecom system with radio-relay network and over 27,000 telephones (3.3 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 3 AM, 3 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Guyana Defense Force (including Maritime Corps and Air Corps), Guyana Po- lice Force, Guyana People's Milita, Guyana National Service Military manpower: males 15-49, 206,000; 164,000 fit for military service Land 27,749 km'; the size of Maryland; 44% unpro- ductive, 31% cultivated, 18% rough pasture, 7% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 5,762,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.9% Nationality: noun-Haitian(s); adjective- Haitian Ethnic divisions: 95% black, 5% mulatto and European Religion: 75-80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voo- doo), 10% Protestant Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole Labor force: 2.3 million (est. 1975); 79% agri- culture, 14% services, 7% industry; significant unemployment; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant Government Official name: Republic of Haiti Type: republic Capital: Port-au-Prince Political subdivisions: five departments de- spite constitutional provision for nine) Legal system: based on Roman civil law sys- tem; constitution adopted 1964 and amended 1971 and 1983; legal education at State Uni- versity in Port-au-Prince and private law colleges in Cap-HaItien, Les Cayes, Gonalves, and Jeremie; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 Jan- uary Branches: lifetime President; unicameral legislature (59-member National Assembly) has very limited powers; judiciary appointed by President Government leader: Jean-Claude DUVA- LIER, President for Life (since 1971) Elections: constitution as amended in 1983 named Duvalier President for Life and granted him authority to name his successor; most recent legislative election held Febru- ary 1984 Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party, inactive government party; Haitian Christian Democratic Party, Sylvio Claude (inactive); Haitian Christian Socialist Party, Gregoire Eugene (inactive) Voting strength: (1984 legislative elections) Assembly comprised of regime loyalists Communists: United Haitian Communist Party (PUCH), illegal and in exile; domestic strength unknown; party leaders in exile Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB- Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Highways: 3,975 km total; 950 km paved, 900 km otherwise improved, 2,125 km unim- proved Inland waterways: negligible; less than 100 km navigable Economy GNP: $1.5 billion (1982), $300 per capita; real growth rate 1982, -1 % Agriculture: main crops-coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, baux- ite mining, tourism, light assembly industries Electric power: 184,000 kW capacity (1984); 314 million kWh produced (1984), 54 kWh per capita Exports: $167.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); coffee, light industrial products, bauxite, essential oils, sisal Imports: $284 million (f.o.b., 1982); con- sumer durables, foodstuffs, industrial equipment, petroleum products, construc- tion materials Major trade partners: exports-59% US; im- ports-45% US (1978) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY70-83), from US, $317 million; ODA and OOF from other Western countries (1970-82), $296 million; military US (FY70-83), $3 million Budget: (1982) revenues, $176 million; ex- penditures, $366 million Monetary conversion rate: 4.94 gourdes=US$1 (November 1984) Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September Communications Railroads: 80 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, single-track, privately owned industrial line Ports: 2 major (Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitien), 12 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 12 usable; 3 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: domestic facilities barely adequate, international facilities slightly better; 40,000 telephones (0.8 per 100 pop].); 34 AM, 11 FM, 2 TV stations;1 Atlan- tic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Corps, Volun- teers for National Security Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,293,000; 720,000 fit for military service; about 62,000 reach military age (18) annually Boundary represent ohon is not neuessari y authoritative. Land 112,088 km2; slightly larger than Tennessee; 36% waste and built on; 30% pasture; 27% forest; 7% crop Land boundaries: 1,530 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nut (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 4,394,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.4% Nationality: noun-Honduran(s); adjec- tive-Honduran Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo (mixed Indian and European), 7% Indian, 2% black, 1% white Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic; small Protestant minority Language: Spanish, Indian dialects Labor force: 1.2 million (1984); 54% agricul- ture, 28% services, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 1% other; 30% unemployed; 60% underemployed Organized labor: 40% of urban labor force, 20% of rural work force (1981) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Honduras (continued) Government Voting strength: (1981 election) 1.2 million Exports: $675 million (f.o.b., 1983); bananas, Official name: Republic of Honduras out of 1.5 million eligible voters cast ballots; coffee, lumber, meat, petroleum products PLH 52%, PNH 41%, PINU 2.4%, PDCH Type: republic 1.6%, legislative seats-PLH 44, PNH 34, Imports: $705 million (f.o.b., 1983); manu- PINU 3, PDCH 1 factured products, machinery, transpor- tation equipment, chemicals, petroleum Capital: Tegucigalpa Communists: up to 1,500; Honduran leftist Political subdivisions: 18 departments groups-Communist Party of Honduras Major trade partners: exports-54% US, 8% (PCH), Communist Party of Honduras/ CACM, 6% Japan, 5% FRG (1983); imports- Legal system: rooted in Roman and Spanish Marxist-Leninist (PCH/ML), Morazanist 47% US, 11% CALM, 6% Japan, 5% Trinidad civil law; some influence of English common Front for the Liberation of Honduras and Tobago (1983) new constitution became effective in law (FMLH), People's Revolutionary Union/ ; January 1982; the nine Supreme Court jus- Popular Liberation Movement (URP/MPL), Aid: economic commitments-US, including h tices are appointed by Congress; legal Popular Revolutionary Forces-Lorenzo er Ex-Im (FY70-83), $485 million loans; ot education at University of Honduras in Te- Zelaya (FPR), Socialist Party of Honduras Western (non-US) countries, ODA and ODF gucigalpa; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with (PASO), and Central American Workers (1970-82), $333 million; military-assistance reservations Revolutionary Party (PRTC) from US (FY79-83), $112 million National holiday: Independence Day, 15 Other political or pressure groups: National Budget: (1983) revenues, $389 million; ex- September Association of Honduran Campesinos penditures, $605 million (ANACH), Honduran Council of Private En- Branches: constitution provides for elected terprise (COHEP), Confederation of Monetary conversion rate: 2 lem piras= US$1 President, unicameral legislature (82-mem- Honduran Workers (CTH), National Union (4 January 1984) ber National Congress), and national judicial of Campesinos (UNC), General Workers branch Confederation (CGT), United Federation of Fiscal year: calendar year Honduran Workers (FUTH) Government leader: Dr. Roberto SUAZO Communications President (since January 1982) Cordova Member of. FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, Railroads: 1,207 km total; 444 km 1.067- , ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American meter gauge, 763 km 0.914-meter gauge Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, 18 IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, Highways: 8,950 km total; 1,700 km paved, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, 5,000 km otherwise improved, 2,250 km un- Elections: national election for president and UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO improved earth legislature held every four years; next elec- tion scheduled for 25 November 1985; Economy Inland waterways: 730 km navigable by legislature chosen by proportional represen- GDP: $3.2 billion (1984), $753 per capita; real small craft tation; 282 county cpuncils growth rate average -3.1% (1980-83); real. growth rate 2.8% (1984) Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party (PLH)-party President, Romualdo Bueso Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, Penalba; faction leaders, Roberto Suazo Cor- corn, beans, sugarcane, rice, tobacco dova (Rodista faction); Jose Azcona del Hoyo Airfields: 200 total, 182 usable; 7 with per- (Azconista subfaction); Jorge Bueso Arias Fishing: catch 5,023 metric tons (1982) manent-surface runways; 3 with runways (AL1PO faction), Jorge Arturo Reina (M- 2,440-3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220- Lider faction); National Party (PNH)-party Major industries: agricultural processing, '2,439 in Juan Pablo Urrutia (leader of president textiles, clothing, wood products , MUC faction); leaders are Ricardo Zuniga Telecommunications: improved, but still in- Augustinus (Officialista faction), Mario Ri- Electric power: 255,000 kW capacity (1984); adequate; connection into Central American vera Lopez (Riverista subfaction), and Rafael 1.1 billion kWh produced (1984), 250 kWh microwave net; 33,700 telephones (1.0 per Leonardo Callejas (MONARCA faction); Na- per capita 100 pop].); 129 AM, 32 FM, 7 TV stations; 2 tional Innovation and Unity Party (PINU)- Atlantic Ocean satellite ground stations Miguel Andonie Fernandez; Christian Dem- ocratic Party (PDCH)-Efrain Diaz Arivillaga Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 965,000; 575,000 fit for military service; about 48,000 reach military age (18) annually Hong Kong Government Official name: Hong Kong Type: British dependent territory; scheduled to revert to China in 1997 Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories South China Sea Land 1,064 km2; about one and one-third times the size of New York City; 14% arable, 10% for- est, 76% other (mainly grass, shrub, steep hill country) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm People Population: 5,491,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.6% Religion: 90% eclectic mixture of local reli- gions, 10% Christian Labor force: (June 1984) 2.52 million; 37.3% manufacturing; 22.1 % commerce; 18.4% ser- vices; 7.6% construction; 7.6% transport and communications; 5.4% financing, insurance, and real estate; 1.2% agriculture, fishing, mining, and quarrying; 0.4% other; unem- ployment (seasonally adjusted) 3.6% Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Ex- ecutive Council, legislates with advice and consent of Legislative Council; Executive Council composed of governor, five senior of- ficials, and 12 unofficial members; Legislative Council composed of governor, three ex-officio members, 16 official mem- bers, and 27 unofficial members; Urban Council, which alone includes elected repre- sentatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement; independent judiciary Government leader: Sir Edward YOUDE, Governor and Commander in Chief (since May 1982) Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 pro- fessional or skilled persons Elections: every two years to select half of elected membership of Urban Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor Communists: an estimated 2,000 cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China Other political or pressure groups: Federa- tion of Trade Unions (Communist controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese domi- nated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federa- tion of Hong Kong Industries, Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong Member of. ADB, IMO, INTERPOL, Multifiber Arrangement, WMO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Hong Kong (continued) Economy GDP: (1984 est.) $31.5 billion, $5,830 per capita; real growth, 8.5% Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 20% self- sufficient; shortages-rice, wheat, water Major industries: textiles and clothing, tour- ism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, and clocks Electric power: 5,512,000 kW capacity (1984); 16.870 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,127 kWh per capita Exports: $22.1 billion (f.o.b., 1983), including $7.7 billion reexports; principal products- clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufac- tures Major trade partners: (1983) exports-32% US, 11% China, 5% UK, 5% FRG; imports- 24% China, 23% Japan, 11% US. Budget: (1983/84) $4.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 7.798 Hong Kong dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: 35 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, government owned Highways: 1,160 km total; 794 km paved, 306 km gravel, crushed stone, or earth Airfields: 2 total; 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: modern facilities pro- vide excellent domestic and international services; 62 telephone exchanges, 1.5 million telephones; 5 AM and 9 FM radiobroadcast stations with 11 transmitters; 5 TV stations; 2.5 million radio and 1.1 million TV receiv- ers; 10,100 Telex subscriber lines with direct connections to 47 countries; 2 INTELSAT ground stations with access to Pacific and In- dian Ocean satellites; coaxial cable to Guangzhou (Canton), China; 3 international submarine cables; troposcatter to Taiwan available but inactive Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of United King- dom Branches: Headquarters of British Forces, Gurkha Field Forces, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,628,000; 1,280,000 fit for military service; about 53,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $195.3 million; about 4.3% of cen- tral government budget and 1% of GDP Hungary Land 92,980 km2; slightly smaller, than Indiana; 70.9% cultivated, 54.0% arable, 16% forest, 14% agricultural, 10% other People Population: 10,645,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate -0.2% Nationality: noun-Hungarian(s); adjec- tive-Hungarian Ethnic divisions: 92.4% Hungarian, 3.3% Gypsy, 2.5% German, 0.7% Jewish, 1.1% other Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Cal- vinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other Labor force: 4,970,100 (1983); 32% industry; 22% agriculture; 46% services, trade, govern- ment, and other Government Official name: Hungarian People's Republic Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Political subdivisions: 19 megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county status Legal system: based on Communist legal the- ory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitu- tion adopted 1949 amended 1972; Supreme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legis- lative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos University Faculty of Law in Budapest and two other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Economy GNP: $68.8 billion in.1983 (at 1982 US dol- lars), $6,439 per capita; 1983 growth rate, -0.5% Agriculture: normally self-sufficient; main crops-corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes Major industries: mining, metallurgy; engi- neering industries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals) Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil Highways: 29,805 km total; 24,848 km con- crete, asphalt, stone block; 4,255 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 702 km earth (1981) Inland waterways: 1,688 km (1980) Pipelines: crude oil, 850 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,050 km; natural gas, 3,800 km Freight carried: rail-129.8 million metric tons, 24.4 billion metric ton/km (1980); high- way-231.7 million metric tons, 5.9 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway-est. 4.1 million metric tons, 7.9 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) Branches: executive-Presidential Council (elected by parliament); unicameral legisla- ture-National Assembly (elected by direct suffrage); judicial-Supreme Court (elected by parliament) Government leaders: Pal LOSONCZI, Presi- dent, Presidential Council (since April 1967); Gyorgy LAZAR, Premier, Council of Minis- ters (since May 1975) Elections: every five years (last election June 1980); national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian So- cialist (Communist) Workers' Party (MSZMP), sole party; Janos Kadar, First Sec- retary (since November 1956) Voting strength: (1980 election) 7,809,000 (99.3%) for Communist-approved candi- dates; 97% of electorate eligible to vote did so Communists: about 820,000 party members (June 1982) Member of. CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, IPU, ISO, ITC,'ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Crude steel: 3.6 million metric tons produced (1983), 338 kg per capita Electric power: 6,530,000 kW capacity (1984); 26.709 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,513 kWh per capita Exports: $14.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 37% f u- els, raw materials, and semifinished products; 26% machinery and equipment; 23% agricultural and forestry products; 14% manufactured consumer goods Imports: $13.8 billion (c.i.f., 1983); 67% fuels, raw materials, and semifinished products; 17% machinery and equipment; 9% manu- factured consumer goods; 7% agricultural and forestry products Major trade partners: 30% USSR, 9% FRG (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 50.721 forints=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 8,039 km total; 7,790 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 214 km narrow gauge (mostly 0.760-meter), 35 km 1.524-meter broad gauge, 1,174 km double track, 1,488 km electrified; government owned (1981) River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR; Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szcze- cin in Poland; and Galati and Braila in Romania (1978) Defense Forces Branches: Hungarian People's Army, Fron- tier Guard, Air and Air Defense Command Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,589,000; 2,076,000 fit for military service; about 74,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 21.9 billion forints; 3.9% of total budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: Republic of Iceland Member of. Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fish- ing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Com- mission, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG North Atlantic Ocean See regional map V Land 102,845 kmt; the size of Virginia; arable and forest negligible, 22% meadow and pasture, 78% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 241,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.0% Nationality: noun-Icelander(s); adjective- Icelandic Ethnic divisions: homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norwegians and Celts Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation Labor force: 105,000; 18.6% commerce, fi- nance, and services; 12.2% construction; 9.0% agriculture; 6.3% transportation and commu- nications; 5.4% fishing; 8.0% fish processing; 16.8% other manufacturing; 23.7% other; 1.0% unemployment (1983 average) Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Political subdivisions: 23 rural districts, 215 parishes, 14 incorporated towns Legal system: civil law system based on Dan- ish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Estab- lishment of the Republic, 17 June Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); ex- ecutive power vested in President but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parlia- ment; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts Government leaders: Vigdis FINN- BOGADOTTIR, President; Steingrimur HERMANNSSON, Prime Minister (since May 1983) Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compul- sory Elections: parliamentary every four years, last 23 April 1983; presidential, every four years, last August 1984 Political parties and leaders: Independence (conservative), Thorsteinn Palsson; Progres- sive, Steingrimur Hermannsson; Social Democratic, Kjartan J6hannsson; People's Alliance (leftist front), Svavar Gestsson Voting strength: (1983 election) 38.7% Inde- pendence, 19.5% Progressive, 17.3% People's Alliance, 11.7% Social Democratic, 12.8% other Communists: est. 2,200, many of whom par- ticipate in the People's Alliance, which drew 22,489 votes in the 1983 parliamentary elec- tions Economy GNP: $2.1 billion (1983), $8,898 per capita; 64.7% private consumption, 16.2% private investment, 24% government (1981); -4.9% net export of goods and services (1981); growth rate -5.5% (1983) Agriculture: cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, po- tatoes, turnips Fishing: catch, 788,000 (1982) metric tons; marine product exports, $699.7 million (1981) Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production, hydroelec- tricity Shortages: grains, sugar, vegetables and veg- etable fibers, fuel, wood, minerals Electric power: 913,000 kW capacity (1984); 4.226 billion kWh produced (1984), 17,682 kWh per capita Exports: $677.2 million (f.o.b., 1982); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite Imports: $92.7 million (c.i.f., 1982); machin- ery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: (1982) exports-EC 31.6% (UK 13.2%, FRG 7.1%), US 25.8%, CEMA 8.5% Aid: economic authorizations, including Ex- Im from US, $19.1 million (FY70-81) Budget: (1984) expenditures $619.3 million, revenues $619.6 million Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Monetary conversion rate: 36.36 kronur=US$1 (November 1984 average) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 12,343 km total; 166 km bitumen and concrete; 1,284 km bituminous treated and gravel; 10,893 km earth Ports: 1 major (Reykjavik), 3 secondary (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Seydhisfjordhur), and about 50 minor Airfields: 101 total, 92 usable; 3 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication sys- tem; 116,900 telephones (49.7 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 33 FM, and 96 TV stations; 2 subma- rine cables; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean antenna Defense Forces Branches: Police, Coast Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 63,000; 54,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service) Chinese line of control Arabian Sea NEW* Laccadive Sea See regional map Vlll Andaman Islands i Bay of Bengal t Nicobar Islands , Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative Land 3,287,590 km2 (includes Jammu and Kash- mir, the Indian-annexed part of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir); one-third the size of the US; 50% arable; 22% forest; 20% desert, waste, or urban; 5% permanent meadow and pasture; 3% inland water Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; additional 100 nm is fisher- ies conservation zone, December 1968; archipelago concept baselines); 200 nm ex- clusive economic zone Coastline: 7,000 km (includes offshore is- lands) People Population: 762,507,000, including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed Jammu and Kashmir (July 1985); average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Indian(s); adjective- Indian Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dra- vidian, 3% Mongoloid and other Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 11% Muslim, 2.6% Christian, 2.0-2.5% Sikh, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.2% other Language: Hindi, English, and 14 other offi- cial languages; 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible; Hindi is the na- tional language and primary tongue of 30 percent of the people; English enjoys `associate" status but is the most important language for national, political, and commer- cial communication; Hindustani, a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India Labor force: (1981) about 232 million; 67% agriculture; more than 10% unemployed and underemployed Organized labor: less than 5% of total labor force Government Official name: Republic of India Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Political subdivisions: 22 states, 9 union terri- tories Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: bicameral parliament-Council of States, House of the People; relatively in- dependent judiciary Government leader: Rajiv GANDHI, Prime Minister (since October 1984); Zail SINGH, President Elections: national and state elections ordi- narily held every five years; may be postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses confi- dence vote; last general election in December 1984; state elections staggered Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 India (continued) Political parties and leaders: Indian Na- tional Congress, controlled national government from independence to March 1977; split in January 1978 and 1979; party currently headed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi; the Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party (DMKP), formed in late 1984 by Charan Singh of the Lok Dal Party, also absorbed the Democratic Socialist Party, a breakaway fac- tion of the Janata Party, and Sharad Pawar's Congress (S) Party; Janata Party led by Chandra Shekhar; Bharatiya Janata Party, A. 13. Vajpayee; Communist Party of India (CPI), C. Rajeswara Rao; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), E. M. S. Namboodiripad; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ML), Satyanarayan Singh; All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (AIADMK), a regional party in Tamil Nadu, led by M. G. Ramachandran; Akali Dal representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; Telugu Desam, a regional party in Andhra Pradesh led by N. T. Rama Rao; National Sanjay Front (SVM), led by Maneka Gandhi; Na- tional Conference (NC), a regional party in Kashmir, split into factions led by Farooq Abdullah and G. M. Shah ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $150 billion (FY82/83 at current prices), $210 per capita; real growth 1.8% est. in FY82/83 Agriculture: main crops-rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseed, cotton, jute, sugarcane, to- bacco, tea, coffee Fishing: catch 2.526 million metric tons (1983); exports $337 million (1982) Major industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machinery, transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures Crude steel: 10.0 million metric tons of ingots (1983) Electric power: 40,000,000 kW capacity (1984); 144 billion kWh produced (1984), 194 kWh per capita Exports: $9.4 billion (f.o.b., FY83/84); engi- neering goods, textiles and clothing, tea Highways: 1,633,400 km total (1979); 515,300 km mainly secondary and about 1,118,000 km gravel, crushed stone, or earth Inland waterways: 16,000 km; 2,575 km navigable by river steamers Pipelines: crude oil, 3,497 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,828 km; natural gas, 260 km Airfields: 345 total, 296 usable; 186 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 54 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 96 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair domestic tele- phone service where available, good internal microwave links; telegraph facilities wide- spread; AM broadcast adequate; international radio communications ade- quate; 2.6 million telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); about 174 AM stations at 80 locations, 17 TV stations; domestic satellite system for communications and TV; submarine cable extends to Sri Lanka Voting strength: India Congress, 74%; Telugu Desam Party, 5%; CPM, 4%; Janata, 1.8%; CPI, 1.1%; DMKP, 0.5%; BJP, 0.4%; others, 6.6%; 34 seats vacant as of January 1985 Communists: 466,000 members claimed by CPI, 270,000 members claimed by CPI/M; Communist extremist groups, about 15,000 members Other political or pressure groups: various separatist groups seeking reorganization of states; numerous "senas" or militant/ chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena (in Bombay), Anand Marg, and Rashtriya Swatamsevak Sangh Member of. ADB, AIOEC, ANRPC, Co- lombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, Imports: $15.0 billion (c.i.f., FY83/84); ma- chinery and transport equipment, petroleum, edible oils, fertilizers Major trade partners: US, UK, USSR, Japan Budget: (FY83/84) central government reve- nue and capital receipts, $35.8 billion; disbursements, $37.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 12.092 rupees=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 61,950 km total (1981); 31,750 km 1.676-meter broad'gauge, 25,550 km 1.000- meter gauge, 4,650 km narrow gauge (0.762- meter and 0.610-meter); 12,617 km double track; 5,345 km electrified Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Paramilitary Forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 198,429,000; 121,075,000 fit for military ser- vice; about 8,858,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1985; est. budget $7.3 billion; 17.5% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 North Pacific Ocean Guinea Christian Parties), Sunawar Sukowati; United Development Party (federation of former Is- lamic parties), John Naro Voting strength: (1982 election) Golkar 64.1%, Unity Development 28%, Indonesia Democracy 7.9% Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000-3,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-Octo- ber 1965 hardcore membership has been estimated at 1.5 million Literacy: 64% Labor force: 61 million (1982); 66% agricul- ture, 23% trade and commerce, 10% services Organized labor: est. 5% of labor force Government Official name: Republic of Indonesia Capital: Jakarta Land 2,027,087 km!; about the size of Alaska and California combined; 64% forest; 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other; 12% small holding and estate; 8.6% cultivated Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): under an archipelago theory, claims 12 nm, mea- sured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands (economic, including fishing, 200 nm). People Population: 173,103,000, including East Ti- mor and West Irian (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Indonesian(s); adjec- tive-Indonesian . . . Ethnic divisions: majority of Malay stock comprising 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26% other Religion: 88% Muslim, 6% Protestant, 3% Ro- man Catholic, 2% Hindu, 1% other Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay; official); English and Dutch leading foreign languages; local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese Political subdivisions: 27 first-level adminis- trative subdivisions or provinces, which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous con- cepts and by new criminal procedures code; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of govern- ment; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of Cabinet; Cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (DPR or House of Represen- tatives) of 460 members (96 appointed, 364 elected); second body (MPR or People's Con- sultative Assembly) of 920 members includes the legislature and 460 other members (cho- sen by several processes, but not directly elected); MPR elects President and Vice Pres- ident and theoretically determines national policy; judicial, Supreme Court is highest court Government leader: Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO, President (since March 1968) Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi- official "party" based on functional groups), Lt. Gen. Sudharmono; Indonesia Democracy Party (federation of former Nationalist and Member of. ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Associa- tion of Tin Producing Countries, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $90.0 billion (1984), about $530 per capita; real average annual growth, 6.0% (1979-83); real annual growth rate 4.5% (1984) Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops-rice, cassava, rub- ber, copra, other tropical products; food shortages-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 2.0 million metric tons (1982); exports $180 million (1983), imports $8 mil- lion (1977) Major industries: petroleum, textiles, min- ing, cement, chemical fertilizer production, timber Electric power: 9,100,000 kW capacity 1(1984); 24.3 billion kWh produced (1984),144 kWh per capita Exports: $19.8 billion (f.o.b., FY83/84); pe- troleum and liquefied natural gas ($14.5 billion; 0.9 million b/d), timber, rubber, cof- fee, tin, palm oil, tea, copper Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Indonesia (continued) Imports: $16.3 billion (FY83/84); rice, wheat, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables Major trade partners: (1983) exports-46% Japan, 20% US, 15% Singapore; imports- 23% Japan, 21 % Singapore, 15% US, 4% FRG Budget: (1983-84) expenditures, $18.3 bil- lion; receipts, $14.4 billion domestic, $3.9 billion foreign Monetary conversion rate: 1,063 rupiahs=US$1 (30 November 1984) Communications Railroads: 6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067- meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km 0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned Highways: 93,063 km total; 26,583 km paved, 41,521 km gravel or crushed stone, 24,959 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Jaya 4,587 km Pipelines: crude oil, 2,450 km; refined prod- ucts, 456 km; natural gas, 450 km Civil air: approximately 150 major transport aircraft Airfields: 393 total, 373 usable; 96 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 69 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland micro- wave system and HF police net; domestic service fair, international service good; radio- broadcast coverage good; 392,563 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 251 AM, 1 FM, 14 TV stations; 1 international ground satellite sta- tion (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna), and a domestic satellite communications system Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 43,881,000; 25,964,000 fit for military ser- vice; about 1,915,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1985, $2.1 billion; about 10.2% of cen- tral government budget . Land 1,648,000 km2; smaller than Alaska and Washington combined; 51 % desert, waste, or urban; 30% arable (16% cultivable with ade- quate irrigation; 11.5% cultivated; 14% agricultural); 11% forest; 8% migratory graz- ing and other Land boundaries: 5,318 km (including areas belonging to Iran and now occupied by Iraq during continuing border war) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,180 km, including islands, with 676 km People Population: 45,191,000 (July 1985, average annual growth rate 3.1 %; figures do not take into account the impact of the Iran-Iraq war Nationality: noun-Iranian(s); adjective- Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% ethnic Persian, 18% Turkic, 13% other Iranian, 3% Kurdish, 3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other Religion: 93% Shi'a Muslim; 5% Sunni Mus- lim; 2% Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i Language: Farsi, Turki, Kurdish, Arabic, English, French Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Labor force: 12.0 million, est. (1979); 33% ag- riculture, 21% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor; unemployment may be as high as 35% Government Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran Type: theocratic republic Political subdivisions: 23 provinces, subdi- vided into districts, subdistricts, counties, and villages Legal system: the new constitution codifies Islamic principles of government National holiday: Shi'a Islam religious holi- days observed nationwide Branches: Ayatollah ol-Ozma Ruhollah Kho- meini, the leader of the revolution, provides general guidance for the government, which is divided into executive, unicameral legisla- ture (Islamic Consultative Assembly), and judicial branches Government leaders: Ayatollah ol-Ozma Ruhollah KHOMEINI, "Guardian Jurisprudent" (since February 1979); Ali KHAMENEI (cleric), President (since Octo- ber 1981); Mir Hosein MUSAVI- KHAMENEI, Prime Minister (since October 1981); Ali Akbar HASHEMIRAF SANJANI (cleric), Speaker of Islamic Consultative As- sembly (since July 1980) Suffrage: universal over age 15 Elections: elections to select a president held in November 1981; those to select an Assem- bly of Experts to name Khomeini's successor held in December 1982; parliamentary elec- tions held in 1984; next presidential election to be held during the summer of 1985; next parliamentary elections to be held in 1988 Voting strength: reliable figures not avail- able; supporters of the Islamic Republic dominate the parliament Communists: 1,000 to 2,000 est. hardcore; 15,000 to 20,000 est. sympathizers; crack- down in 1983 crippled the party; trials of captured leaders began in late 1983 and re- main incomplete Other political or pressure groups: People's Strugglers (Mujahedin), People's Fedayeen, and Kurdish Democratic Party are armed po- litical groups that have been harshly but not completely repressed by the government; other ethnic minorities, local leaders, and Is- lamic Committees enforce their political views through armed militia Member of. Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, Regional Cooperation for Develop- ment, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO; continued participation in some of these organizations doubtful under the new Islamic constitution Economy GDP: $118 billion (1984 est.) Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dates, raisins, tea, tobacco, sheep, goats Major industries: crude oil production (2.3 million b/din 1984) and refining, textiles, ce- ment and other building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating (steel and copper) Electric power: 11,212,100 kW capacity (1984); 35.363 billion kWh produced (1984), 807 kWh per capita Exports: $15.5 billion (est., 1984); 98% petro- leum; also carpets, fruits, nuts Major trade partners: exports-Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, France, FRG; imports- FRG, Japan, UK, Italy Budget: (FY84) proposed expenditures of $42 billion; projected deficit of $3 billion-actual deficit likely to be higher Monetary conversion rate: 92.9 rials=US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March Communications Railroads: 4,601 km total; 4,509 km 1.435- meter standard gauge Highways: 85,000 km total; 36,000 km gravel and crushed stone, 15,000 km improved earth, 19,000 bituminous and bituminous- treated surfaces, 15,000 unimproved earth Inland waterways: 904 km, excluding the Caspian Sea, 104 km on the Shatt al Arab (closed since September 1980 because of Iran-Iraq conflict) . Pipelines: crude oil, 5,900 km; refined prod- ucts, 3,900 km; natural gas, 3,282 km Ports: 4 major (Bandar Abbas, Bandar Azadi, Bandar Khomeini, and Bushehr), 6 minor (Khorramshahr destroyed) Civil air: 44 major transport aircraft Airfields: 158 total, 128 usable; 75 with per- manent-surface runways; 14 with runways over 3,659 m, 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 62 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Islamic Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, and Revolutionary Guard (includes Basij militia) Political parties and leaders: Islamic Repub- lic Party (IRP), Ali Khamenei Imports: $18.5 billion (est., 1984); machin- ery, military supplies, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services Military manpower: males 15-49, 10,462,000; 6,428,000 fit for military service; about 448,000 reach military age (21) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Iraq Land 434,924 km2; larger than California; 68% desert, waste, or urban; 18% cultivated; 10% seasonal and other grazing; 4% forest and wood Land boundaries: 3,668 km (including areas belonging to Iraq and now occupied by Iran during continuing border war) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Organized labor: 11% of labor force Government Official name: Republic of Iraq Type: republic; National Front government consisting of Ba'th Party (BPI), weak nation- alist parties, and proadministration Kurds Political subdivisions: 18 provinces under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution adopted in 1968; ju- dicial review was suspended; legal education at University of Baghdad; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holidays: anniversaries of the 1958 and 1968 revolutions are celebrated 14 July and 17 July; various religious holidays Branches: Ba'th Party of Iraq has been in power since 1968 coup; unicameral legisla- ture (National Assembly) Government leaders: Saddam HUSAYN, President (since July 1979); Izzat IBRAHIM, Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (since July 1979) OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $27 billion (1984 est.) Agriculture: dates, wheat, barley,I rice, live- stock Major industry: crude petroleum 1 billion b/d (1984 est); petroleum revenues, $10.2 billion (1984 est.) Electric power: 4,759,000 kW capacity (1984); 14.590 billion kWh produced (1984), 972 kWh per capita Exports: $10.3 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); from nonoil receipts, $300 million est. Imports: $13.7 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); 14% from Communist countries (1980) Major trade partners: exports-France, Italy, Brazil, Japan, Turkey, UK, USSR, other Communist countries; imports-FRG, Ja- pan, France, US, UK, USSR, other Communist countries (1980) Budget: public revenues, $17 billion; current expenditures, $8.9 billion; development ex- penditures, $11.1 billion (1979 est.) People Population: 15,507,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3%; figures do not take into account the impact of the Iran-Iraq war Nationality: noun-Iraqi(s); adjective- Iraqi Ethnic divisions: 75% Arab, 15-20% Kurdish, 10% Turkic, Assyrian, and other Religion: 90% Muslim (55% Sh'ia, 40% Sunni), 10% Christian or other Language: Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions); Assyrian, Armenian Labor force: 3.1 million (1977); 30% agricul- ture, 27% industry, 21% government, 22% other; severe labor shortage due to war; ex- patriate labor force est. at 900,000 Elections: elections-National Assembly elections held October 1984; Legislative Council for the Autonomous Region held September 1980 Communists: est. 2,000 hardcore members Political or pressure groups: political parties and activity severely restricted; possibly some opposition to regime from disaffected members of the regime, army officers, and religious and ethnic dissidents Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,' INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, Monetary conversion rate:.3109 Iraqi dinar=US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 1,700 km total; 1,123 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 577 km 1.000-meter gauge; 16 km 1.000-gauge double track Highways: 20,791 km total; 6,490 km paved, 4,654 km improved earth, 9,656 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al-Arab navigable by maritime traffic for about 104 km (closed since September 1980 because of Iran-Iraq war); Tigris and Euphrates naviga- ble by shallow-draft steamers (of little importance); Shatt al-Basrah canal probably navigable by shallow draft vessels Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Ports: 3 major (Basra, Umm Qasr, Al-Faw), none in operation due to war Pipelines: crude oil, 3,821 km; 725 km re- fined products; 1,360 km natural gas Airfields: 103 total, 94 usable; 50 with per- manent-surface runways; 5 with runways over 3,659 m, 50 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m. Telecommunications: good network consists of coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; about 500,000 telephones (3.9 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM, 81 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean, and 1 Intersputnik satellite station; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Kuwait, Jor- dan, Syria, and Turkey Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,545,000; 2,038,000 fit for military service; about 171,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $14.0 billion Land 70,282 km2; larger than West Virginia; 51% meadow and pasture, 27% waste or urban, 17% arable, 3% forest, 2% inland water Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 3,590,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.0% Nationality: noun-Irishman(men), Irish (collective pl.); adjective-Irish Ethnic divisions: Celtic, with English minor- ity Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other Language: Irish (Gaelic) and English (offi- cial); English is generally spoken Labor force: about 1,173,000 (1981); 19.6% manufacturing; 17.8% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 16.2% commerce; 8.3% construction; 5.8% government; 5.5% transportation; 26.8% other; 10.9% unemployment (average 1981) Organized labor: 36% of labor force Government Official name: Ireland, Eire (Gaelic) Type: republic Capital: Dublin Political subdivisions: 26 counties Legal system: based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous con- cepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: St. Patrick's Day, 17 March Branches: elected President; bicameral par- liament (Seanad, Dail) reflecting propor- tional and vocational representation; judiciary appointed by President on advice of government Government leaders: Dr. Patrick J. HILLERY, President (since 1976); Dr. Garret FITZGERALD, Prime Minister (since 1982); Richard SPRING, Deputy Prime Minister (since 1982) Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every five years-last election November 1982; President elected for seven-year term-last election October 1983 Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, Charles Haughey; Labor Party, Richard Spring; Fine Gael, Garret FitzGerald; Com- munist Party of Ireland, Michael O'Riordan; Workers' Party, Tomas MacGiolla; Sinn Fein, Gerry Adams Voting strength: (1982 election) Dail- Fianna Fail, 75 seats; Fine Gael, 70 seats; La- bor Party, 16 seats; independents, 3 seats; Workers' Party, 2 seats Member of: Council of Europe, EC, EMS, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Ireland (continued) ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $15 billion (1983), $4,263 per capita; 64.2% consumption, 24.8% investment, 21.9% government, 0.6% inventories; - 11.5% net foreign demand; 0.6% real GNP (1983) Agriculture: 70% of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture; main prod- ucts-livestock and dairy products, turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; 85% self- sufficient; food shortages-grains, fruits, vegetables Fishing: catch 197,000 metric tons (1983); ex- ports of fish and fish products $97 million (1982), imports of fish and fish products $36 million (1982) Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, chemicals and pharma- ceuticals, machinery and transportation equipment Crude steel: 66,000 metric tons produced in 1978 Electric power: 3,335,000 kW capacity (1984); 11.422 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,210 kWh per capita Exports: foodstuffs (primarily dairy prod- ucts), $8.76 billion (f.o.b., February 1982); computers, live animals, machinery, chemi- cals, clothing Imports: $9.163 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, semifinished goods, cereals Major trade partners: imports-67.2% EC (45.3% UK, 8.0% FRG, 4.7% France), 14.7% US, 1.6% Communist (1983); exports-68.6% EC (36.9% UK, 9.9% FRG, 8.3% France), 8.1% US, 1.3% Communist (1983) Budget: (1984 est.) expenditures, $7.19 bil- lion; revenues, $6.08 billion; deficit, $1.11 billion Monetary conversion rate: 0.9818 Irish pound=US$1(October 1984) Communications Railroads: 2,190 km 1.600-meter gauge, gov- ernment owned; 485 km double track Highways: 92,294 km total; 87,422 km sur- faced, 4,872 km gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: limited for commercial traffic Pipelines: natural gas, 225 km Ports: 2 major, 6 secondary, 38 minor Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft Airfields: 40 total, 36 usable; 13 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: small, modern system using cable and radio-relay circuits; 779,000 telephones (22.2 per 100 popl.); 24 AM, 14 FM, 74 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine ca- bles; planned satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Naval Service, Army Air Corps Military manpower: males 15-49, 844,000; 691,000 fit for military service; about 27,000 reach military age (17) annually Major ground units: 4 infantry brigades and 2 independent battalions Supply: UK and France are the principal sup- pliers of army materiel; UK provides 105- mm light guns and Scorpion light tanks, and France provides MILAN antitank missiles and Panhard reconnaissance vehicles; Swe- den also provides weapon systems, including RBS-70 surface-to-air missiles, recoilless ri- fles, and armored personnel carriers Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $250 million; about 2.5% of the central government budget Israel (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative NOTE: The Arab territories occupied by Is- rael since the 1967 war are not included in the data below; as stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed by the President's 1 September 1982 peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties; Camp David further specifies that these ne- gotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries; pending the comple- tion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined (see West Bank and Gaza Strip "Factsheet"); on 25 April 1982 Is- rael relinquished control of the Sinai to Egypt; statistics for the Israeli-occupied Go- lan Heights are included in the Syria "Factsheet." Land 20,720 kmz; the size of Massachusetts; 40% pasture and meadow; 29% unsurveyed (mostly desert); 20% cultivated; 4% forest; 4% desert, waste, or urban; 3% inland water Land boundaries: 1,036 km (before 1967 war) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 273 km (before 1967 war) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 People Population: 4,085,000, excluding West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun-Israeli(s); adjective- Israeli Ethnic divisions: 85% Jewish, 15% non-Jew- ish (mostly Arab) Religion: 85% Judaism, 11% Islam, 4% Chris- tian and other Language: Hebrew official; Arabic used offi- cially for Arab minority; English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: 88% Jews, 70% Arabs Labor force: est. 1,400,000 (1984); 29.5% public services; 22.8% industry, mining, and manufacturing; 12.8% commerce; 9.5% fi- nance and business; 6.8% transport, storage, and communications; 6.5% construction and public works; 5.5% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 5.8% personal and other services; 1.0% electricity and water (1983); unemploy- ment about 6% (1984 est.) Organized labor: 90% of labor force Government Official name: State of Israel law; no judicial review of legislative acts; le- gal education at Hebrew University of Jerusalem; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holidays: Israel declared indepen- dence on 14 May 1948; because the Jewish calendar is lunar, however, the holiday varies from year to year; all major Jewish religious holidays are also observed as national holi- days Branches: president has largely ceremonial functions, except for the authority to decide which political leader should try to form a ruling coalition following an election or the fall of a previous government; executive power vested in Cabinet; unicameral parlia- ment (Knesset) of 120 members elected under a system of proportional representation; leg- islation provides fundamental laws in absence of a written constitution; two distinct court systems (secular and religious) Government leaders: Shimon PERES, Prime Minister (since September 1984); Chaim HERZOG, President (since May 1983) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held every four years unless re- quired by dissolution of Knesset; last election held in July 1984; next scheduled for Novem- ber 1988 Voting strength: Labor Alignment, 40 seats; Likud, 41 seats; MAPAM, 6 seats; Tehiya- Tzomet, 5 seats; Citizens' Rights Movement, 4 seats; RAKAH, 4 seats; SHAS, 4 seats; Na- tional Religious Party, 4 seats; Shinui Party, 3 seats; Morasha, 2 seats; Agudat Yisrael, 2 seats; Progressive List for Peace, 2 seats; Ometz, 1 seat; Kakh, 1 seat; TAMI, 1 seat Communists: RAKAH (predominantly Arab but with Jews in its leadership) has some 1,500 members Other political or pressure groups: Black Panthers, a loosely organized youth group seeking more benefits for oriental Jews; Gush Emunim, Jewish rightwing nationalists push- ing for freedom for Jews to settle anywhere on the West Bank; Peace Now critical of government's West Bank and Lebanon poli- cies Member of: FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOOC, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS (observer), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $24.5 billion (1984, in 1984 prices), $6,093 per capita; 1984 growth of real GNP 0.0% Type: republic Capital: Jerusalem; not recognized by US, which maintains Embassy in Tel Aviv Political subdivisions: six administrative dis- tricts Legal system: mixture of English common law and, in personal area, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; commercial mat- ters regulated substantially by codes adopted since 1948; no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the Knesset (legislature)-relat- ing to the Knesset, Israeli lands, the president, the government-and the Israel citizenship Political parties and leaders: Israel currently has a national unity government comprised of 8 parties that hold 97 of the Knesset's 120 seats; members of the unity government- Labor Alignment, Prime Minister Shimon Peres; Likud Bloc, Vice Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Yitzhak Shamir (in 1986 Shamir and Peres will trade government po- sitions); Shinui Party, Minister of Communications Amnon Rubenstein; Na- tional Religious Party, Minister of Religious Affairs Yosef Burg; SHAS, Minister of Inte- rior Yitzhak Peretz; opposition parties- Tehiya-Tzomet, Yuval Ne'eman; MAPAM, Eliezer Grant; Citizens' Rights Movement, Shulamit Aloni; RAKAH (Communist party), Meir Wilner; Progressive List for Peace, Mu- hammad Mi'ari Agriculture: main products-citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef and dairy prod- ucts, poultry products Major industries: food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and clothing, chemicals, metal products, transport equip- ment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, potash mining, high-technology electronics Electric power: 3,585,000 kW capacity (1984); 15.305 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,810 kWh per capita Exports: $5.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); major items-polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and chemical products, electronics; tourism is important foreign exchange earner Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Israel (continued) Imports: $8.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983); major items-military equipment, rough dia- monds, oil, chemicals, machinery, iron and steel, cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, and air- craft Major trade partners: exports-US, UK, FRG, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy; imports-US, FRG, UK, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg Budget: public revenue $10.4 billion, expen- diture $15.2 billion (1981) Monetary conversion rate: the Israeli pound was allowed to float on 31 October 1977; the shekel became the unit of account on 1 Octo- ber 1980 (1 shekel=l0 Israeli pounds); 56.21 shekels= US$1 (average conversion rate for 1983) Communications Railroads: 647 km 1.435-meter single track standard gauge; diesel operated Highways: 4,459 km; majority is bituminous surfaced Inland waterways: none Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined prod- ucts, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 66 total, 56 usable; 26 with perma- nent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: most highly devel- oped in the Middle East though not the largest; good system of coaxial cable and ra- dio relay; 1,302,000 telephones (32.1 per 100 popl.); 11 AM, 24 FM, 54 TV stations; 2 sub- marine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Israel Defense Forces; historically there have been no separate Israeli military services; ground, air, and naval components are part of Israel Defense Forces Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 1,941,000; of 979,000 males 15-49, 616,000 fit for military service; of 962,000 females 15- 49, 603,000 fit for military service; 37,000 males and 35,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $3.7 billion; 32% of central gov- ernment budget Italy Sardinia d w~r~es Tyrrhenian Sea Land 301,223 km2; slightly larger than Arizona; 50% cultivated, 21 % forest, 17% meadow and pasture, 9% waste or urban; 3% unused but potentially productive Land boundaries: 1,702 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 57,149,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.3% Nationality: noun-Italian(s); adjective- Italian Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but popu- lation includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region (for example, Bolzano) are pre- dominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Labor force: 23,272,000 (October 1984); 29.9% industry, 10.6% agriculture, 49.3% ser- vices (October 1984); 10.2% unemployment (October 1984) Organized labor: 50-55% (est.) of labor force Government Official name: Italian Republic Type: republic Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions; five with spe- cial statute (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time, and the remaining 15 regions with reg- ular statute were instituted on 1 April 1972; 95 provinces, 8,081 communes Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial re- view tinder certain conditions in Consti- tutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Repub- lic, 2 June Branches: executive-President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national elec- tion; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme De- fense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; bicameral legislature-popularly elected Parliament (315-member Senate, 630-member Chamber of Deputies); independent judicial establish- ment Government leaders: Sandro PERTINI, President (since July 1978); Bettino CRAXI, Premier (since August 1983) Suffrage: universal over age 18 (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age of voter is 25) Elections: national election for Parliament held every five years (most recent, June 1983); provincial and municipal elections held every five years with some out of phase; regional elections every five years (held June 1980) Political parties and leaders: Christian Dem- ocratic Party (DC), Ciriaco DeMita (political secretary); Communist Party (PCI), Alessandro Natta (secretary general); Social- ist Party (PSI), Bettino Craxi (party secretary); Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Pietro Longo (party secretary); Liberal Party (PLI), Valerio Zanone (secretary general); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almirante (national secretary); Republican Party (PRI), Giovanni Spadolini (political sec- retary) Voting strength: (1983 election) 32.5% DC, 30.5% PCI, 11.3% PSI, 6.6% MSI, 5.2% PRI, 4.0% PSDI, 3.0% PLI Communists: 1,673,751 members (1983) Other political or pressure groups: the Vati- can; three major trade union confederations (CGIL-Communist dominated, CISL- Christian Democratic, and UIL-Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Ital- ian manufacturers association (Confin- dustria); organized farm groups Member of. ADB, ASSIMER, CCC, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECOWAS, EIB, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter- American Development Bank, IFAD, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: $352.8 billion (1983), $6,208 per cap- ita; 63.9% private consumption, 18.0% gross fixed investment, 20.0% government, net for- eign balance - 1.4%; 1982 growth rate - 1.2% (1970 constant prices) Agriculture: important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops-cereals, pota- toes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats, meat, fish, and eggs Fishing: catch 406,828 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $86 million (1983), imports $697 million (1983) Major industries: machinery and transporta- tion equipment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles Shortages: coal, fuels, minerals Crude steel: 24 million metric tons produced (1983), 422 kg per capita Electric power: 50,561,000 kW capacity (1984); 186.332 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,269 kWh per capita Exports: $72.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals, footwear Imports: $80.3 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items-machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleum Major trade partners: (1981) 45% EC (17% FRG, 15% France, 6% UK, 3% Netherlands), 14% OPEC (4% Saudi Arabia), 8% US, 3% USSR, 1% Eastern Europe Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ted ODA and OOF, $8.2 billion (1970-82) Monetary conversion rate: 1,944.0 lire=US$1 (3 January 1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 20,085 km total; 16,140 km 1.435- meter government-owned standard gauge, 8,585 km electrified; 3,945 km privately owned-2,100 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 1,155 km electrified, and 1,845 km 0.950-meter narrow gauge, 380 km electri- fied Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Italy (continued) Highways: 294,410 km total; autos-trade 5,900 km, state highways 45,170 km, provin- cial highways 101,680 km, communal highways 141,660 km; 260,500 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 26,900 km gravel and crushed stone, 7,010 km earth Inland waterways: 1,600 km for various types of commercial traffic Pipelines: crude oil, 1,703 km; refined prod- ucts, 2,148 km; natural gas, 16,660 km Ports: 9 major, 11 secondary, 40 minor Civil air: 132 major transport aircraft Airfields: 147 total, 140 usable; 85 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 34 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: well engineered, well constructed, and efficiently operated; 21.68 million telephones (38.2 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 1,837 FM, 1,407 TV stations; 20 subma- rine cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with a total of 5 antennas Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,187,000; 11,960,000 fit for military ser- vice; 461,000 reach military age(18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $9.5 billion; about 5.3% of central government budget Ivory Coast Land 322,463 km2; slightly larger than New Mex- ico; 52% grazing, fallow, and waste; 40% forest and wood; 8% cultivated; 322 km of lagoons and connecting canals extend east- west along eastern part of the coast Land boundaries: 3,227 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 10,056,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 4.0% Nationality: noun-Ivorian(s); adjective- Ivorian Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approximately 2 million foreign Africans, mostly Burkinabe; about 70,000 to 75,000 non-Africans (40,000 French and 25,000 to 30,000 Lebanese) Religion: 63% indigenous, 25% Muslim, 12% Christian Language: French (official), over 60 native dialects; Dioula most widely spoken Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture, remainder in gov- ernment, industry, commerce, and professions Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force Government Official name: Republic of the Ivory Coast Type: republic; one-party presidential re- gime established 1960 Capital: Abidjan (capital city changed to Yamoussoukro in March 1983 but not recog- nized by US) Political subdivisions: 25 departments subdi- vided into 127 subprefectures Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and customary law; constitution adopted 1960; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal educa- tion at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature (140-member Na- tional Assembly), separate judiciary Government leader: Felix HOUPHOUET- BOIGNY, President (since 1960) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: legislative and municipal elections were held in November 1980; Houphouet- Boigny reelected in October 1980 to his fifth consecutive five-year term; next round of na- tional elections scheduled for October 1985 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast (PDCI), only party; Houphouet-Boigny firmly controls party Communists: no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Member of: AfDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, E1B (associate), Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Monetary conversion rate: 397.45 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (October 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 657 km of the 1,175 km Abidjan to Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, line, all single track 1.000-meter gauge; only diesel locomo- tives in use Jamaica Economy GDP: $7.6 billion (1982), $871 per capita; real average annual growth rate, 1.8% (1982) Agriculture: commercial-coffee, cocoa, wood, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops-corn, millet, yams, rice; other corn- modities-cotton, rubber, tobacco, fish Fishing: catch 92,469 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $44.7 million (1979), imports $71.9 million (1979) Major industries: food and lumber process- ing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery fac- tory Electric power: 974,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.133 billion kWh produced (1984), 220 kWh per capita Exports: $2.45 billion (f.o.b., 1982 est.); cocoa (30%), coffee (20%), tropical woods (11 %), cot- ton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, cotton Imports: $1.85 billion (f.o.b., 1982 est.); man- ufactured goods and semifinished products (50%), consumer goods (40%), raw materials and fuels (10%) Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) ODA and OOF (1970-82), $2.7 bil- lion; US authorizations, including Ex-Im (FY70-82), $340 million Major trade partners: (1979) France and other EC countries about 65%, US 10%, Com- munist countries about 3% Budget: (1982), revenues, $2.1 billion; cur- rent expenditures, $1.9 billion; capital expenditures and net lending, $0.8 billion Highways: 46,600 km total; 3,600 km bitumi- nous and bituminous-treated surface; 32,000 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and im- proved earth; 11,000 km unimproved Inland waterways: 740 km navigable rivers and numerous coastal lagoons Ports: 2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 2 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft, includ- ing multinationally owned Air Afrique fleet Airfields: 49 total, 45 usable; 3 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 13 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system above African average; consists of open-wire lines and ra- dio-relay links; 87,700 telephones (1.3 per 100 pop].); 3 AM, 17 FM, 11 TV stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,424,000; 1,245,000 fit for military service; 94,000 males reach military age (18) annually Land 10,991 km2; slightly smaller than Connecti- cut; 23% meadow and pasture; 21% arable; 19% forest; 37% waste, urban, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 2,428,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun-Jamaican(s); adjective- Jamaican Ethnic divisions: 76.3% African, 15.1 % Afro- European, 3.4% East Indian and Afro-East Indian, 3.2% white, 1.2% Chinese and Afro- Chinese, 0.9% other Religion: predominantly Protestant (includ- ing Anglican and Baptist), some Roman Catholic, some spiritualist cults Language: English, Creole Labor force: 703,000 (1980); 36.4% agricul- ture, 32.7% services, 16% government, 14.9% industry and commerce; shortage of tech- nical and managerial personnel; significant unemployment Organized labor: about 33% of labor force (1980) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Jamaica (continued) Government Official name: Jamaica Type: independent state within Common- wealth, recognizing Elizabeth 11 as head of state Political subdivisions: 12 parishes and the Kingston-St. Andrew corporate area Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, first Monday in August Branches: Cabinet headed by Prime Minis- ter; bicameral legislature-21-member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, eight by opposition leader, if any; currently no official opposition because of People's Na- tional Party boycott of December 1983 election; eight non-Jamaica Labor Party members appointed to current Senate by Prime Minister Seaga), 60-member elected House of Representatives; judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice Government leaders: Edward Philip George SEAGA, Prime Minister (since November 1980); Sir Florizel A. GLASSPOLE, Gover- nor General (since 1973) Communists: Workers' Party of Jamaica (Marxist-Leninist) Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists, na- tionalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group); Workers Liberation League (a Marxist coali- tion of students/labor) Member of. CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $3.0 billion (1982), $1,360 per capita; real growth rate 1984, -1.0% est. Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, citrus fruits, bananas, pimento, coconuts, coffee, cocoa, tobacco Major industries: tourism, bauxite mining, textiles, food processing, light manufactures Electric power: 1,030,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1984), 754 kWh per capita Communications Railroads: 370 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track Highways: 18,200 km total; 12,600 km paved, 3,200 km gravel, 2,400 km improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 10 km Ports: 2 major (Kingston, Montego Bay), 10 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 48 total, 34 usable; 15 with perma= nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fully automatic do- mestic telephone network with 124,300 telephones (6.0 per 100 popl.); 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations; 9 AM, 13 FM, 8 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables Defense Forces Branches: Jamaica Defense Force (includes. Coast Guard and Air Wing) Military manpower: males 15-49, 579,000; 428,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion; 34,000 reach minimum volunteer age (18) annually Suffrage: universal adult at age 18 Elections: at discretion of Governor General upon advice of Prime Minister but within five years; last held 15 December 1983 Political parties and leaders: Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward Seaga; People's Na- tional Party (PNP), Michael Manley; Workers' Party of Jamaica (WPJ), Trevor Munroe; Communist Party of Jamaica Voting strength: in the 1983 general elec- tions 54 seats were uncontested; in 6 contested seats the JLP won overwhelmingly against several fringe parties; the PNP and WPJ boycotted the election; in 1980 general elections approx. 58.8% JLP (51 seats in House), 41.2% PNP (9 seats) Exports: $713 million (f.o.b., 1983); alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); fuels, ma- chinery, transportation and electrical equipment, food, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-US 45%, UK 19%, Canada 6%, Norway 5%; imports-US 32%, Venezuela 18%, Netherlands Antilles 12%, UK 10% (1979) Budget: revenues, $1.0 billion; expenditures, $1.6 billion (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 4.97 Jamaican dollars=US$1 (January 1985) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Personnel: 2,974 total Major ground units: 2 active infantry battal- ions, 1 reserve battalion Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1985, $22.6 million; about 2.8% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Japan ="k Kitakyushu Philippine Sea ,pOkinawa See regional map VIII North Pacific Ocean Land 372,313 km2; slightly smaller than California; 69% forest; 16% arable and cultivated, 12% urban and waste, 3% grass Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm except 3 nm in five international straits (fish- ing 200 nm) People Population: 120,691,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.6% Nationality: noun-Japanese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Japanese Ethnic divisions: 99.4% Japanese, 0.6% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Labor force: (1983) 58.9 million; 52% trade and services; 35% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 10% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 3% government; 2.7% unem- ployed Organized labor: about 30% of labor force Government Official name: Japan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Tokyo Political subdivisions: 47 prefectures Legal system: civil law system with English- American influence; constitution promu- lgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 29 April Branches: Emperor is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in Cabinet domi- nated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the lower house of the bicameral, elective legisla- ture-Diet (House of Councilors, House of Representatives); judiciary is independent Government leaders: HIROHITO, Emperor (since December 1926); Yasuhiro NAKA- SONE, Prime Minister (since November 1982) Elections: general elections held every four years or upon dissolution of lower house, tri- ennially for half of upper house Political parties and leaders: Liberal Demo- cratic Party (LDP), Y. Nakasone, president; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), M. Ishibashi, chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), R. Sasaki, chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), T. Fuwa, Presidium chairman; Clean Government Party (CGP), Y. Takeiri, chair- man; New Liberal Club (NLC), Y. Kono; . Social Democratic Federation (SDF), S. Eda Voting strength: (1983 election) Lower House-45.8% LDP, 19.5% JSP, 10.1% CGP, 9.3% JCP, 7.3% DSP, 2.4% NLC, 0.7% SDF, 5% independents and minor parties; Upper House-35.3% LDP, 24.3% JSP, 10.5% JCP, 7.8% CGP, 5.7% DSP, 1.2% NLC, 0.0% SDF, 11.8% independents and minor parties Sappo {' Communists: approximately 470,000 regis- tered Communist Party members Member of. ADB, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $1,156 billion (1983, at 237.52 yen=US$1); $9,695 per capita (1983); 59% personal consumption, 28% investment, 10% government current expenditure, negligible stocks, and 2% foreign balance; real growth rate 3.0% (1983); average annual growth rate (1978-82), 4.2% Agriculture: land intensively cultivated; rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits; 72% self-sufficient in food (1980); food shortages-meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oils and fats Major industries: metallurgical and engi- neering industries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals Shortages: fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials Crude steel: 97 million metric tons produced (1983) Electric power: 168,700,000 kW capacity (1984); 609 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,075 kWh per capita Exports: $146.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 97% manufactures (including 25% machinery, 18% motor vehicles, 9% iron and steel) Imports: $126.4 billion (c.i.f., 1983); 47% fos- sil fuels, 22.4% manufactures, 12% foodstuffs, 8% machinery Major trade partners: exports-29% US, 23% Southeast Asia, 16% Western Europe, Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Japan (continued) 12% Middle East, 6% Communist countries, imports-27% Middle East, 22% Southeast Asia, 19% US, 8% Western Europe, 6% Com- munist countries Aid: donor-bilateral economic commitments (ODA and OOF), $31.5 billion (1970-83) Budget: revenues, $144 billion; expenditures, $211 billion; deficit, $67 billion (general ac- count for fiscal year ending March 1985) Monetary conversion rate: 251.40 yen=US$1 (2 January 1985) Communications Railroads: 21,387 km total (1982); 1,835 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 19,552 km pre- dominantly 1.067-meter narrow gauge, 5,690 km double- and multitrack sections, 8,830 km 1.067-meter narrow gauge electrified, 1,804 km 1.435-meter standard gauge electrified Highways: 1,113,388 km total (1980); 510,904 km paved, 602,484 km gravel, crushed stone, or unpaved; 2,579 km national expressways, 40,212 km national highways, 43,907 km prin- cipal local roads, 86,930 km prefectural roads, 939,760 km municipal roads Inland waterways: approx. 1,770 km; seago- ing craft ply all coastal "inland seas" Pipelines: crude oil, 131 km; natural gas, 1,800 km; refined products, 275 km Ports: 17 Japanese Port Association specifi- cally designated major ports, 110 other major ports, over 2,000 minor ports Airfields: 181 total, 161 usable; 124 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 25-with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 50 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international service; 58.0 million tele- phones (49.5 per 100 pop].); 318 AM stations, 58 FM stations plus 436 relay stations; about 7,800 TV stations (196 major-1 kw or greater), and 2 ground satellite stations; sub- marine cables to US (via Guam), Philippines, China, and USSR Defense Forces Branches: Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (army), Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (air force), Maritime Safety Agency (coast guard) Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,516,000; 26,283,000 fit for military service; about 865,000 reach military age (18) annually Personnel: Ground Self-Defense Force, 156,000; Maritime Self-Defense Force, 42,100 (including 11,900 air arm); Air Self- Defense Force, 43,400; Maritime Safety Agency, 11,200 Ships: 50 destroyers/frigates, 14 submarines, 50 mine warfare, 8 amphibious, 15 auxiliary and over 300 surface craft (an additional 520 patrol and service craft operate under the ju- risdiction of the Marine Safety Agency) Aircraft: 23 F-15, 130 F-4, and 90 F-104 fighter interceptors; 14 RF-4E reconnais- sance aircraft; 65 F-1 fighter-support aircraft; 31 C-1, 10 YS-11 transport aircraft; 50 T-1, 70 T-2, 50 T-3, 60 T-33A trainers Missiles: 6 operational NIKE-Hercules groups, 8 operational HAWK groups (NIKE in air force, HAWK in ground force) Supply: defense industry potential is large, with capability of producing the most sophis- ticated equipment; manufactured equipment includes small arms artillery, ar- mored vehicles, and other types of ground forces materiel, aircraft (jet and prop), naval vessels (submarines, guided missile and other destroyers, patrol craft, mine warfare ships, and other minor craft, including amphibious, auxiliaries, service craft, and small support ships), small amounts of all types of army ma- teriel; several missile systems are produced under US license, and a vigorous domestic missile development program exists Military budget: actual for fiscal year ending 31 March 1986, $12.8 billion; 5.98% of total budget Jordan (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative NOTE: the war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in con- trol of the West Bank; as stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed by the President's 1 September 1982 peace initia- tive, the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties; Camp David further spec- ifies that these negotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries; pend- ing the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined (see West Bank and Gaza Strip "Factsheet"). Land 97,740 km2; slightly larger than Indiana; 88% desert, waste, or urban; 11% agricultural; 1% forest Land boundaries: 1,770 km (1967) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm People Population: 2,794,000, excluding West Bank and East Jerusalem (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.8% Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Nationality: noun-Jordanian(s); adjec- tive-Jordanian Government leader: HUSSEIN I, King (since August 1952) Monetary conversion'rate:.363 Jordanian dinar=US$1 (1983 average) Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian Religion: 90-92% Sunni Muslim, 8-10% Christian Language: Arabic official; English widely understood among upper and middle classes Literacy: about 70% Labor force: 463,000 Organized labor: about 10% of labor force Government Official name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jor- dan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amman Political subdivisions: five governorates un- der centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; ju- dicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives last chosen by national elections in April 1967, dissolved by King in February 1976, and reconvened in January 1984; Senate last appointed by King in January 1984; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (re- ligious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi- judicial functions in desert areas Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957 Communists: party actively repressed, membership estimated at less than 500 Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $5.1 billion (1983), $1,971 per capita; real growth rate (1983), 3.7% Agriculture: main crops-vegetables, fruits, olive oil, wheat; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, petro- leum refining, cement production, light manufacturing Electric power: 659,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.078 billion kWh produced (1984), 772 kWh per capita Exports: $580 million (f.o.b., 1983); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 13% of total (1983) Imports: $3,036 million (c.i.f., 1983); petro- leum products, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 7% of total (1983) Aid: economic commitments-US, including Ex-Im (1970-83), $1.2 billion; Western (non- US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $744 million; military-US (FY70-83), $1.1 billion Budget: (1983) total revenue, $1,977 million; current expenditures, $1,237 million; capital expenditures, $740 million Communications Railroads: 817 km 1.050-meter gauge, single track Highways: 6,332 total; 4,837 paved, 1,495 gravel and crushed stone Pipelines: crude oil, 209 km Ports: 1 major (Aqaba) Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 25 total, 21 usable; 16 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate system of radio-relay, cable, and radio; 81,300 tele- phones (3 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 2 FM, 24 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station;1 Arab satellite station under construction; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; radio-relay to Lebanon inactive Defense Forces Branches: Jordan Arab Army, Royal Jorda- nian Air Force, Royal Jordanian Coast Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 630,000; 445,000 fit for military service; 40,000 reach military age (18) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Kenya Organized labor: about 390,000 Government Official name: Republic of Kenya Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Nairobi Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nai- robi area Indian Ocean Land 582,646 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing; 21% forest and wood; 20% arable, 13% suitable for agriculture Land boundaries: 3,368 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 20,194,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 4.2% Nationality: noun-Kenyan(s); adjective- Kenyan Ethnic divisions: 21% Kikuyu, 14% Luhya, 13% Luo, 11% Kalenjin, 11% Kamba, 6% Kisii, 5% Meru, 1% Asian, European, and Arab Religion: 38% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 26% indigenous beliefs, 6% Muslim Language: English and Swahili (official); nu- merous indigenous languages Labor force: 5.4 million; about 1.1 million wage earners; 47% public sector, 18% indus- try and commerce, 17% agriculture, 13% services Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; constitution en- acted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment in 1982 made Kenya a de jure one-party state National holiday: Jamhuri Day, 12 Decem- ber Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assem- bly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the Presi- dent; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original juris- diction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal Government leader: Daniel T. arap MOI, President (since 1978) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: Assembly at least every five years; present National Assembly and President elected September 1983 Political party and leader: Kenya Africa Na- tional Union (KANU), Kenya's sole legal political party; Daniel arap Moi, president Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: labor unions Member of: AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $5.5 billion (1983), $295 per capita; real growth rate, 2.1% (1983 est.) Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops-corn, wheat, sugarcane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural process- ing, oil refining, cement, tourism Electric power: 550,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.686 billion kWh produced (1984), 87 kWh per capita Exports: $921.9 million (f.o.b., 1983); re- exporting of petroleum products, coffee, tea, sisal, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract Imports: $1,234.3 million (f.o.b., 1983); ma- chinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles Major trade partners: EC, Japan, Iran, US, Zambia, Uganda Budget: (1982/83) revenues, $1.2 billion; grants, $24 million, current expenditures, $1.3 billion; net lending, -$8 million External public debt: $2.9 billion (1982 est.) debt service payment 23% of exports Monetary conversion rate: 14.964 Kenya shillings=US $1 (30 September 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communications Railroads: 2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 55,400 km total; 6,800 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earth Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria sys- tem is within boundaries of Kenya Pipelines: refined products, 483 km Ports: I major (Mombasa) Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 216 total, 196 usable; 14 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: in top group of Afri- can systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; 216,700 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 11 AM, 4 FM, 4 TV stations; Atlantic and Indian Ocean satellite service from 1 sta- tion Defense Forces Branches: Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, 82 Air Force; paramilitary General Service Unit Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,016,000; 2,472,000 fit for military service; no con- scription Kiribati (formerly Gilbert Islands) *+*TARAWA Gilbert Islands "Phoenix ? ? Line Islands Islands Land About 690 km2; slightly smaller than New York City Water Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 62,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun-Kiribatian(s); adjec- tive-Kiribati Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestant Language: English (official), Gilbertese Literacy: 90% Labor force: 15,921 (1973); general unem- ployment rate 4.9% Government Official name: Republic of Kiribati Branches: unicameral legislature (35-mem- ber House of Assembly); nationally elected President Government leader: Ieremia T. TABAI, President (since July 1979) Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese Na- tional Party, Christian Democratic Party Member of. ADB, Commonwealth, GATT (de facto), ICAO Economy GDP: $20.4 million (1983 est.), $340 per capita Agriculture: limited; copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domes- tic fishing Industry: formerly phosphate production; supply exhausted by mid-1981 Electric power: 2,700 kW capacity (1984); 8 million kWh produced (1984), 126 kWh per capita Exports: phosphate, formerly 80% of exports, exhausted in 1981; copra accounted for 80% (A$1.45 million) in 1982 Imports: $15 million (1979); foodstuffs, fuel, transportation equipment Aid: Western (non-US) commitments ODA and OOF (1970-82), $168 million; Australia (1980-83), $8.1 million committed Budget: $15.2 million (1979) Monetary conversion rate: 1.0392 Australian$=US$1 (23 February 1983) Communications Railroads: none Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Northern Line Islands Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Kiribati (continued) Civil air: 2 Trislanders; however, no major transport aircraft Airfields: 19 total; 16 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways, 4 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 1 AM broadcast sta- tion; 1,400 telephones (2.33 per 100 pop].) Korea, North Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative Land 121,129 km2; slightly smaller than Missis- sippi; 74% forest, scrub, and brush; 17% arable and cultivated; remainder waste and urban Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm; mili- tary 50 nm) People Population: 20,082,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective- Korean Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; reli- gious activities now almost nonexistent Labor force: 6.1 million (1980); 48% agricul- tural, 52% nonagricultural; shortage of skilled and unskilled labor Government Official name: Democratic People's Repub- lic of Korea Type: Communist state; one-man rule Political subdivisions: nine provinces, four special cities (P'yongyang, Kaesong, Chong- jin, and Nampo) Legal system: based on German civil law sys- tem with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1948 and revised 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme People's Assembly theo- retically supervises legislative and judicial function; State Administration Council (cabi- net) oversees ministerial operations Government leaders: KIM II-song, President (since December 1972); KANG Song-san, Premier (since January 1984) Elections: election to SPA every four years, but this constitutional provision not necessar- ily followed-last election February 1982 Political party and leaders: Korean Workers' Party (KWP); Kim 11-song, General Secre- tary, and his son, Kim Chong-il, Secretary Communists: KWP claims membership of about 2 million, or about 11% of population Member of. FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, IPU, ITU, NAM, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO; official ob- server status at UN; does not hold UN membership Economy GNP: $19.6 billion (1984), $998 per capita Agriculture: main crops-corn, rice, vegeta- bles; food shortages-meat, cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domes- tic needs Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, tex- tiles, food processing Shortages: complex machinery and quipment, coking coal, coal, petroleum, elec- tric power, transport Crude steel: 4.3 million metric tons produced (1983), 224 kg per capita Defense Forces Branches: North Korean People's Army (con- sists of the army, navy, and air force) Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,641,000; 2,843,000 fit for military service; 225,000 reach military age (18) annually Personnel: army 700,000 (reserves 230,000), navy 33,500 (reserves 40,000), air force 51,000, security forces 38,000, civilian militia 1,760,000 Korea, South Electric power: 6,500,000 kW capacity (1984); 35.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,810 kWh per capita Coal: 50 million tons (1984) Exports: $1.40 billion (1983); minerals, met- allurgical products, agricultural products, manufactures Imports: $1.50 billion (1983); petroleum, ma- chinery and equipment, coking coal, grain Major trade partners: total trade turnover $2.9 billion (1983); 54% with Communist countries, 46% with non-Communist countries Aid: economic and military aid from the USSR and China Monetary conversion rate: 2 wons=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 4,535 km total operating in 1980; 3,870 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 665 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge, 159 km dou- ble track; about 2,940 km electrified; government owned Highways: about 20,280 km (1980); 98.5% gravel, crushed stone, or earth surface; 1.5% concrete or bituminous Inland waterways: 2,253 km; mostly naviga- ble by small craft only Pipelines: crude oil, 37 km Major ground units: 9 corps headquarters, 2 armored divisions, 3 motorized infantry divi- sions, 35 infantry divisions, 5 armored brigades, 4 infantry brigades, 100,000 special forces, 2 tank regiments, 5 infantry regi- ments, 250 artillery battalions, 80 multiple rocket battalions, 5 FROG battalions, 5 river- crossing regiments Ships: 21 submarines, 4 frigates, 18 missile boats, 32 large patrol craft, 333 fast attack craft, 30 coastal patrol boats, 99 landing craft Aircraft: 70 11-28 bombers, 20 SU-7 fighter/ground attack, 290 MIG-15/-17, 700 MIG-19, 160 MIG-21, 250 transports, 60 heli- copters, 190 jet trainers, 4 SAM brigades with 250 SA-2 in 40 sites Land 98,500 kmz; slightly larger than Indiana; 66% forest, 23% arable (22% cultivated), 10% urban and other Water Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm and 3 nm in Korea Strait (12 nm fishing zone) People Population: 42,643,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.5% Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective- Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chi- nese minority (approx. 20,000) Religion: strong Confucian tradition; perva- sive folk religion (Shamanism); Buddhism (including estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heav- enly way), eclectic religion with nationalist overtones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents Language: Korean; English widely taught in high school Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Korea, South (continued) Labor force: 15.1 million (1983); 47% services and other; 30% agriculture, fishing, forestry; 21 % mining and manufacturing; average un- employment 4.1% (1983) Organized labor: about 10% of nonagricul- tural labor force president currently named; Korean National Party (KNP), Lee Man-sup, acting president; several smaller parties Communists: Communist activity banned by government Exports: $24.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); textiles and clothing, electrical machinery, footwear, steel, ships, fish Imports: $26.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains Government Official name:'Republic of Korea Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive Political subdivisions: nine provinces, four special cities; heads centrally appointed Legal system: combines elements of conti- nental European civil law systems, Anglo- American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved 1980; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 August Branches: unicameral legislature (National Assembly), judiciary Government leaders: CHUN Doo Hwan, President (since August 1980); LHO Shinyong, Prime Minister (since February 1985) Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: under new constitution of October 1980, President elected every seven years in- directly by a 5,000-man electoral college; last election February 1981; four-year National Assembly, elected in March 1981, consists of 276 representatives, 184 directly elected and 92 chosen through proportional representa- tion Political parties and leaders: major party is government's Democratic Justice Party (DJP), Chun Doo Hwan, president, and Rob Tae Woo, chairman; opposition parties are New Korea Democratic Party (NKDP), Lee Min-woo; Democratic Korea Party (DKP), no Other political or pressure groups: Korean National Council of Churches; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; large, potentially volatile stu- dent population concentrated in Seoul Member of. ABD, AfDB, Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Asian Par- liamentary Union, APACL-Asian People's Anti-Communist League, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949 for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, IWC-Inter- national Whaling Commission, IWC- International Wheat Council, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNIDO, UN Special Fund, UPU, WACL-World Anti- Communist League, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; official observer status at UN; does not hold UN membership Economy GNP: $75.3 billion (1983, in 1983 prices), $1,820 per capita; real growth 9.5% (1983); real growth 4.3% (1979-83 average) Agriculture: 25% of the population lives on the land, but agriculture, forestry, and fish- ing constitute 16% of GNP; main crops-rice, barley; food shortages-wheat, dairy prod- ucts, corn Fishing: catch 2,793,023 metric tons (1983) Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemicals, steel, electronics, ship building Shortages: base metals, lumber, and certain food grains Electric power: 13,970,000 kW capacity (1984); 53 billion kWh produced (1984),1,261 kWh per capita Major trade partners: exports-33% US, 14% Japan; imports-24% US, 24% Japan (1983) Aid: economic-US (FY46-83), $11.2 billion committed; Japan (1965-75), $1.8 billion ex- tended; military-US (FY46-83) $8.1 billion committed; other Western aid, ODA and OOF (1980-81), $707 million Budget: expenditures, $13.7 billion (1985) Monetary conversion rate: 822 won=US$1 (4 January 1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,106.5 km operating in 1983; 3,059.4 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 46.9 0.610-meter narrow gauge, 712.5 km double- track, 417.9 km electrified; government owned Highways: 53,936 km total (1982); 13,476 km national highway, 49,460 km provincial and local roads Inland waterways: 1,609 km; use restricted to small native craft Freight carried: rail (1983) 51 million metric tons; highway 126 million metric tons; air (1983) 47,000 metric tons (domestic) Pipelines: 294 km refined products Ports: 11 major, 32 minor Civil air: 93 major transport aircraft Airfields: 129 total, 120 usable; 68 with per- manent-surface runways; 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international services; 4.8 million tele- phones (121 per 100 popl.); 79 AM, 46 FM, 256 TV stations (57 of 1 kW or greater); 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Naval Marine Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 11,876,000; 8,008,000 fit for military service; 457,000 reach military age (18) annually Personnel: army 540,000 (reserves 1,100,000), navy 29,000 (reserves 25,000), marines 20,000 (reserves 60,000), air force 33,600 (reserves 55,000) Major ground units: 3 army headquarters, 6 corps headquarters, 20 infantry divisions, 3 airborne divisions, 1 mechanized infantry di- vision, 2 special forces brigades, 2 AAA brigades, 2 SSM battalions with Honest Johns, 2 SAM brigades, 1 army aviation brigade Ships: 11 ex-US destroyers, 8 frigates, 3 ex-US Auk corvettes, 11 FAC with SSM; 8 ex-US large patrol craft; 28 coastal patrol craft, 8 minesweeping vessels, 24 ex-US landing ships Aircraft: 7 combat wings, 2 transport wings, 18 FGA squadrons (250 F-5A/B/E/F, 70 F-86F, 6 A-10), 4 AD squadrons (70 F-4D/E), 1 COIN squadron (13 OV-10, some A-37), 1 recce squadron (10 RF-5A), 2 ASW squad- rons (20 S-2A, 10 helicopters), 1 SAR helicopter squadron (26 UH-H/UH-1B/H), 5 transport squadrons (34 aircraft), 192 trainers Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $4.6 billion; about 33.6% of central government budget; for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $4.6 billion; about 33.6% of central govern- ment budget Land 17,818 km2 (excluding neutral zone but in- cluding islands); slightly smaller than New Jersey; nearly all desert, waste, or urban; in- significant forest; 1% cultivated Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 1,870,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 6.2% Nationality: noun-Kuwaiti(s); adjective- Kuwaiti Ethnic divisions: 39% Kuwaiti, 39% other Arab, 9% South Asian, 4% Iranian, 9% other Religion: 95% Muslim, 5% Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other Language: Arabic (official); English widely spoken Labor force: 630,000 (1983 est.); 74% ser- vices, 11 % industry, 11 % construction; 70% of labor force is non-Kuwaiti Organized labor: labor unions, first autho- rized in 1964, formed in oil industry and among government personnel Government Official name: State of Kuwait Type: nominal constitutional monarchy Capital: Kuwait Political subdivisions: 3 governorates, 25 vot- ing constituencies . Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitu- tion took effect in 1963; popularly elected 50- man National Assembly (the 15 cabinet members can also vote) reinstated in March 1981 after being suspended in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Day, 25 Febru- ary Branches: Council of Ministers; legislature- National Assembly Government leader: Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al SABAH, Amir (since December 1977) Suffrage: nativeborn and naturalized males age 21 or over; law requires 20 years resi- dency after naturalization Elections: National Assembly elected in Feb- ruary 1985 Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited, some small clandestine groups are active Other political or pressure groups: large (300,000) Palestinian community Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $26.7 billion (1983), $16,162 per capita GNP (1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Kuwait (continued) Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of potable wa- ter must be distilled or imported Major industries: crude petroleum produc- tion average for 1981, 980,000 b/d; effective refinery capacity approximately 0.5 million b/d; other major industries include petro- chemicals, retail trade, and manufacturing; water desalinization capacity 387.6 million liters per day (1981) Electric power: 3,987,300 kW capacity (1984); 15.718 billion kWh produced (1984), 8,940 kWh per capita Exports: $11.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983 est.), of which petroleum accounted for about 80% Imports: $10.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983 est.); major suppliers-Japan, US, FRG, UK Budget: (1982/83) revenues, $14.9 billion; expenditures, $11.1 billion Monetary conversion rate:.30 Kuwaiti dinar=US$1(October 1983) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,875 km total; 2,585 km bitumi- nous; 290 km earth, sand, light gravel Pipelines: crude oil, 877 km; refined prod- ucts, 40 km; natural gas, 121 km Ports: 3 major (Ash-Shuwaikh, Ash- Shuaybah, Mina al-Ahmadi), 4 minor Airfields: 11 total, 5 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: excellent interna- tional and adequate domestic telecom- munication facilities; 232,000 telephones (15.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM, 3 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations, 1 INMARSAT satel- lite station; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Iraq and Saudi Arabia Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, about 463,000; about 281,000 fit for military ser- vice Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $1.4 billion; 11.2% of central gov- ernment budget Phan Bali ? j Lauangphrat ? t VIENTIAjg,E Land 236,804 km2; slightly larger than Utah; 60% forest; 8% agricultural; 32% urban, waste, or other; except in limited areas, soil is poor; most of forested area is not exploitable People Population: 3,805,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.2% Nationality: noun-Lao (sing., Lao or Lao- tian); adjective-Lao or Laotian Ethnic divisions: 48% Lao; 25% Phoutheung (Kha); 14% Tribal Tai; 13% Meo, Yao, and other Religion: 50% Buddhist, 50% animist and other Language: Lao (official), French, and En- glish Labor force: about 1-1.5 million; 80-90% ag- riculture Organized labor: only labor organization is subordinate to the Communist Party Government Official name: Lao People's Democratic Re- public Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 shortages (due in part to distribution defi- ciencies) include rice Political subdivisions: 16 provinces subdi- vided into districts, cantons, and villages Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President; 37-member Supreme People's Council; Cabinet; Cabinet is totally Communist but Council contains a few nomi- nal neutralists and non-Communists; National Congress of People's Represen- tatives established the current government structure in December 1975 Government leaders: SOUPHANOU- VONG, President (since December 1975); KAYSONE PHOMVIHAN, Chairman (since December 1975) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections for National Assembly, originally scheduled for 1 April 1976, have not yet been held Political parties and leaders: Lao People's Revolutionary Party (Communist), Kaysone Phomvihan, party chairman; includes Lao Patriotic Front and Alliance Committee of Patriotic Neutralist Forces; other parties moribund Other political or pressure groups: non- Communist political groups moribund; most leaders have fled the country Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, W TO Economy GNP: $525 million, $144 per capita (1983 est.) Agriculture: main crops-rice (overwhelm- ingly dominant), corn, vegetables, tobacco, coffee, cotton; formerly self-sufficient; food Major industries: tin mining, timber, green coffee, electric power Shortages: capital equipment, petroleum, transportation system, trained personnel Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1984); 900 million kWh produced (1984), 240 kWh per capita Exports: $52 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.); elec- tric power, forest products, tin concentrates; coffee, undeclared exports of opium and to- bacco Imports: $125 million (c.i.f., 1983 est.); rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: imports-Thailand, USSR, Japan, France, China, Vietnam; ex- ports-Thailand, Malaysia Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries ODA and OOF (1970-82), $348 million; US (FY70-79), $276 million; military-US assistance $1.119 billion (1970- 75) Budget: (1979 est.) receipts, $100 million; ex- penditures, $191 million; deficit, $91 million Monetary conversion rate: official-10 kips=US$1; commercial-35 kips=US$1; inward remittances-108 kips=US$1 (Feb- ruary 1984) Communications Highways: about 21,300 km total; 1,300 km bituminous or bituminous treated; 5,900 km gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth; 14,100 km unimproved earth and often im- passable during rainy season mid-May to mid-September Inland waterways: about 4,587 km, primar- ily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m Airfields: 66 total, 51 usable; 10 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service to general public considered poor; radio network pro- vides generally erratic service to government users; approx. 10 AM stations; 1 TV station; over 2,000 est. telephones; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Lao People's Army (LPA, which consists of an army with naval, aviation, and militia elements), Air Force, National Police Department Military manpower: males 15-49, 908,000; 485,000 fit for military service; 44,000 reach military age (18) annually; no conscription age specified Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Boundary representation is not necessarily authortatve. Official name: Republic of Lebanon Type: republic Capital: Beirut Political subdivisions: 5 provinces Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, and civil law system; constitution mandated in 1926; no judicial review of legis- lative acts; legal education at Lebanese University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 November Branches: power lies with President elected by unicameral legislature (National Assem- bly, formerly Chamber of Deputies); Cabinet appointed by President, approved by legisla- ture; independent secular courts on French pattern; religious courts for matters of mar- riage, divorce, inheritance, etc.; by custom, President is a Maronite Christian, Prime Minister is a Sunni Muslim, and president of legislature is a Sh'ia Muslim; each of nine reli- gious communities represented in legislature in proportion to national numerical strength Land 10,360 km2; smaller than Connecticut; 64% desert, waste, or urban; 27% agricultural; 9% forest; 400,000 hectares under cultivation Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 2,619,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.7% Nationality: noun-Lebanese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Lebanese Ethnic divisions: 93% Arab, 6% Armenian, 1% other Religion: 57% Muslim (Sunni and Shia) and Druze, 42% Christian (Maronite, Greek Or- thodox and Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant), 1 % other (official estimates); Muslims, in fact, constitute a majority Language: Arabic (official); French is widely spoken; Armenian, English Labor force: 650,000 (1981); 75% industry, commerce, and services, 17% agriculture, 8% goverment; high unemployment Government NOTE: Between early 1975 and late 1976 Lebanon was torn by civil war between its Christians-then aided by Syrian troops- and its Muslims and their Palestinian allies. The cease-fire established in October 1976 between the domestic political groups gener- ally held for about six years, despite occasional fighting. Syrian troops constituted as the Arab Deterrent Force by the Arab League have remained in Lebanon. Syria's move toward supporting the Lebanese Mus- lims and the Palestinians and Israel's growing support for Lebanese Christians brought the two sides into rough equilibrium, but no progress was made toward national reconcili- ation or political reforms-the original cause of the war. Continuing Israeli concern about the Pal- estinian presence in Lebanon led to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982. Israeli forces occupied all of the southern por- tion of the country and mounted a summer- long seige of Beirut, which resulted in the evacuation of the PLO from Beirut in Sep- tember under the supervision of a multi- national force made up of US, French, and Italian troops. Within days of the departure of the multina- tional force (MNF), Lebanon's newly elected president, Bashir Gemayel, was assassinated. In the wake of his death, Christian militia men massacred hundreds of Palestinian ref u- gees in two Beirut camps. This prompted the return of the MNF to ease the security bur- den on Lebanon's weak army and security forces. In late March 1984 the last MNF units withdrew. Lebanon continues to be occupied by Israel in the south and by Syria in the north and east. Israel and Lebanon signed a withdrawal agreement on 17 May 1983. The agreement was never implemented and was subse- quently voided. A partial Israeli withdrawal and government attempts to extend its au- thority have led to renewed factional fighting. The following description is based on the present constitutional and customary practices of the Lebanese system. Government leader: Amine Pierre GEMAYEL, President (since September 1982); Rashid KARAMI, Prime Minister (since May 1984) Suffrage: compulsory for all males over 21; authorized for women over 21 with elemen- tary education Elections: National Assembly held every four years or within three months of dissolu- tion of Chamber; security conditions have prevented parliamentary elections since April 1972 Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, con- sisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations; most parties have well-armed militias, which are still involved in occasional clashes Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communists: the Lebanese Communist Party was legalized in 1970; members and sympathizers estimated at 2,000-3,000 Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, ' INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GDP: $4.2 billion (1980 est.) Agriculture: fruits, wheat, corn, barley, pota- toes, tobacco, olives, onions; not self- sufficient in food Major industries: service industries, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, some metal fabricating, tourism Electric power: 922,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.212 billion kWh produced (1984), 465 kWh per capita Exports: $690 million (f.o.b., 1983) Imports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983) Budget: (1984 est.) public revenues, $500 million; public expenditures, $1.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 7.6 Lebanese pounds=US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 378 km total; 296 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 82 km 1.050-meter gauge; all single track; most not in use Highways: 7,370 km total; 6,270 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 650 km im- proved earth Ports: 3 major (Beirut, Tripoli, Sayda), 5 mi- nor Airfields: 9 total, 7 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; major mil- itary airfields are Riyaq, Kleiat, and al-Fidar Air Strip Telecommunications: rebuilding program disrupted; had fair system of radio relay, ca- ble; approx 150,400 telephones (5.0 per 100 popl.); 3 FM, 5 AM, 15 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean statellite station, both inactive; 3 submarine coaxial cable and radio-relay to Jordan and Syria inoperable Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $272 million; 26% of central government budget Land 30,460 kmz; slightly larger than Maryland; 15% cultivable, 13% arable, largely moun- tainous People Population: 1,512,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Mosotho (sing.), Basotho (pl.); adjective-Basotho Ethnic divisions: 99.7% Sotho; 1,600 Europe- ans, 800 Asians Religion: 80% Christian, rest indigenous be- liefs Language: Sesotho (southern Sotho) and En- glish (official); also Zulu and Xhosa Labor force: 426,000 economically active (1976); 87.4% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 150,000-250,000 spend from six months to many years as wage earners in South Africa Government Official name: Kingdom of Lesotho Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Lesotho (continued) Type: constitutional monarchy under King Moshoeshoe II; independent member of Commonwealth Member of. AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Airfields: 28 total, 28 usable; 1 with perma- nent surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Political subdivisions: 10 administrative dis- tricts Legal system: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; legal education at National University of Lesotho; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, divided between a largely ceremonial King and a Prime Minis- ter who leads Cabinet of at least seven members; Prime Minister dismissed bicam- eral legislature in early 1970 and subse- quently appointed Interim National Assembly to act as legislative branch; judi- cial-63 Lesotho courts administer custom- ary law for Africans, High Court and subor- dinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction Government leaders: MOSHOESHOE II, King (since 1966); Dr. Leabua JONATHAN, Prime Minister (since April 1965) Elections: elections held in January 1970; nullified allegedly because of election irregu- larities; elections promised in 1985 Political parties and leaders: Basotho Na- tional Party (BNP), Leabua Jonathan; Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhehle; Christian Democratic Alliance (CDA), C. D. Molapo; National Independent Party (NIP), A. C. Manyeli Votingstrength: (1965 election) National As- sembly-BNP, 32 seats; BCP, 22 seats; minor parties, 4 seats Communists: negligible, Communist Party of Lesotho banned in early 1970 Economy GNP: $640 million (1982), $455 per capita Agriculture: exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, bar- ley Electric power: 2,000 kW capacity (1984); 1 million kWh produced (1984), 6 kWh per capita Exports: labor to South Africa (deferred re- mittances $94 million est. in 1983); $30 million (f.o.b., 1983), wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins, tourism Imports: $450 million (f.o.b., 1983); mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, petroleum, oil, and lubricants Major trade partner: South Africa; member of Southern African Customs Union Budget: (FY83/84) revenues, $160 million; current expenditures, $130 million; develop- ment (capital) expenditures, $50 million Monetary conversion rate: the Lesotho maloti exchanges at par with the South Afri- can rand; 2.1 maloti=US$1 (30 December 1984) Communications Railroads: 1.6 km; owned, operated, and in- cluded in the statistics of the Republic of South Africa Highways: approx. 4,221 km total; 508 km paved; 1,585 km crushed stone, gravel, or sta- bilized soil; 946 km improved, 2,128 km unimproved earth Telecommunications: system a modest one consisting of a few landlines, a small radio- relay system, and minor radio- communication stations; 5,920 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM stations; 1 TV station planned; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Army Air Wing, Police De- partment Military manpower: males 15-49, 344,000; 184,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 111,370 king; slightly smaller than Pennsyl- vania; 40% forest, 30% jungle and swamp, 20% agricultural, 10% other hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs; 70.5% agriculture, 10.8% services, 4.5% industry and commerce, 14.2% other Government Official name: Republic of Liberia Type: republic under military rule since April 1980 Political subdivisions: country divided into 12 counties Legal system: new constitution approved by nationwide referendum in July 1984 super- ceded old constitution (suspended in April 1980); judicial powers invested in People's Supreme Court and lower courts Communists: no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers Member of. AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, Mano River Union, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $1.06 billion (1982), $492 per capita; -5% real annual growth rate (1982) Agriculture: rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet Fishing: catch 13,553 metric tons (1982) Major industries: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, dia- monds) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 mn People Population: 2,232,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Liberian(s); adjective- Liberian Ethnic divisions: 95% indigenous African tribes, including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Crebo, Mano, Krahn, Cola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella; 5% descendants of repa- triated slaves known as Americo-Liberians Religion: 75% traditional, 15% Muslim, 10% Christian Language: English (official); more than 20 lo- cal languages of the Niger-Congo language group; English used by about 20% Labor force: 510,000, of which 160,000 are in monetary economy; non-African foreigners National holiday: National Redemption Day, 12 April; Independence Day, 26 July Branches: executive powers held by Head of State, assisted by appointed Cabinet; legisla- tive powers held by Interim National Assembly; independent judiciary Government leader: Gen. Samuel Kanyon DOE, President, Interim National Assembly, and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (since April 1980) Suffrage: universal at age 18 for property owners Elections: military has set 6 January 1986 as the date for return to civilian rule; presiden- tial and legislative elections scheduled for 20 October 1985 Political parties and leaders: 13 parties have formed since lifting of ban on politics in July 1984; chief among them are National Demo- cratic Party of Liberia, headed by Samuel Doe; United People's Party, headed by Ga- briel Baccus Matthews; Liberian People's Party, headed by Amos Sawyer; and Liberian Action Party, headed by Tuan Wreh Electric power: 370,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.134 billion kWh produced (1984), 525 kWh per capita Exports: $429 million (f.o.b., 1983); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee, cocoa Imports: $424 million (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs Major trade partners: US, FRG, Nether- lands, Italy, Belgium Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US), ODA and OOF (1970-82), $454 million; US authorizations (including Ex-Im) (FY70-83), $377 million; Communist (1970- 79), $23.0 million; military commitments US (FY70-83), $44 million Budget: (FY84-85) revenues, $315 million; current expenditures, $258 million; develop- ment expenditures, $113 million Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Liberia (continued) Communications Railroads: 487 km total; 342 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 145 km 1.067-meter narrow gauge; all lines single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and fi- nancial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government Highways: 10,087 km total; 603 km bitumi- nous treated, 2,848 km all-weather, 4,313 km dry-weather Inland waterways: no significant waterways Ports: 1 major (Monrovia), 4 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 79 total, 75 usable; 2 with perma- nent-surface runways; l with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone and tele- graph service via radio-relay network; main center is Monrovia; 7,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV stations; 1 At- lantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces of Liberia, Liberia National Coast Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 482,000; 260,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $22.4 million; 5.8% of central gov- ernment budget Libya Land 1,759,540 km2; larger than Alaska; 93% desert, waste, or urban; 6% agricultural; 1% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (except for Gulf of Sidra where sovereignty is claimed and northern limit of jurisdiction fixed at 32?30'N and the unilaterally pro- claimed 100 nm zone around Tripoli) People Population: 4,003,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 6.5% Nationality: noun-Libyan(s); adjective- Libyan Ethnic divisions: 97% Berber and Arab with some black stock; some Greeks, Maltese, Jews, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians Religion: 97% Sunni Muslim Language: Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities Labor force: 1.5 million, of which about 550,000 are resident foreigners Government Official name: Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Type: republic; major overhaul of the con- stitution and government structure in March 1977 established a system of popular con- gresses, which theoretically controls the ruling General Secretariat Political subdivisions: 10 administrative provinces closely controlled by central gov- ernment Legal system: based on Italian civil law sys- tem and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Law School at University of Libya at Ben- ghazi; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 Sep- tember Branches: paramount political power and authority rests with the Secretariat of the General People's Congress, which theoreti- cally functions as a parliament with a cabinet called the General People's Committee Government leaders: Col. Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (no official title; runs country and is treated as chief of state; Miftah al-Ista'UMAR, Secretary of the General People's Congress (chief of state in theory but not treated as such) Elections: representatives to the General People's Congress are drawn from popularly elected municipal committees Communists: no organized party, negligible membership Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nationalist movements and the Arab So- cialist Resurrection (Ba'th) party with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely Member of. AfDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: roughly $26.9 billion (1984 est), $7,175 per capita Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, ol- ives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 65% of food is imported Major industries: petroleum, food process- ing, textiles, handicrafts Electric power: 3,872,600 kW capacity (1984); 11.870 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,170 kWh per capita Exports: $10.0 billion (f.o.b., 1984); petro- leum Imports: $8.0 billion (f.o.b., 1984); manufac- tures, food Major trade partners: imports-Italy, FRG; exports-Italy, FRG, Spain, France, Japan, UK Budget: (1984 est.) revenues, $10.50 billion; expenditures, $10.1 billion, including devel- opment expenditure of $6.3 billion Monetary conversion rate:.2961 Libyan dinar=US$1 (February 1984) . Communications Railroads: none Highways: 19,300 km total; 10,800 km bitu- minous and bituminous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth Pipelines: crude oil 3,893 km; natural gas 938 km; refined products 443 km (includes 217 km liquid petroleum gas) Ports: 4 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, Benghazi, Misratah), 2 secondary, 15 minor, and 6 pe- troleum terminals Airfields: 115 total, 105 usable; 35 with per- manent-surface runways, 7 with runways over 3,659 m, 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 37 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahariyya (including Arab Army, Arab Air Force, Arab Air Defense Command, Arab Navy) Military manpower: males 15-49, 967,000; 569,000 fit for military service; about 40,000 reach military age (17) annually; conscription now being implemented Land 11 160 km2; the size of Washington, D.C.' People Population: 28,000 (July, 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.8% Nationality: noun-Liechtensteiner(s); ad- jective-Liechtenstein Ethnic divisions: 95% Alemannic, 5% Italian and other Religion: 82.7% Roman Catholic, 7:1 ',Piot- estant, 10.2% other Language: German (official), Alemannic di- alect Labor force: 11,368; 5,078 foreign workers (mostly from Switzerland and Austria); 54.5% industry, trade, and building; 41.6% services; 4.0% agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horti- culture Government Official name: Principality of Liechtenstein Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Vaduz Political subdivisions: 11 communes Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Liechtenstein (continued) Legal system: principality has its own civil and penal codes; lowest court is county court (Landgericht), presided over by one judge, which decides minor civil cases and sum- mary criminal offenses; criminal court (Kriminalgericht), with a bench of five judges, is for major crimes; another court of mixed jurisdiction is the court of assizes(three judges) for misdemeanors; Superior Court (Obergericht) and Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) are courts of appeal for civil and criminal cases (five judges each); an adminis- trative court of appeal from government actions and the State Court determine the constitutionality of laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Economy Liechtenstein has a prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and some farming; metal industry is by far the most prominent sector; high-frequency installations, boilers for central heating, hardware, small machinery, canned goods, furniture and upholstery, chemical and pharmaceutical goods, vacuum installations, optical and measuring instruments, oil tanks, artificial teeth, ceramics, and textiles are the principal manufactures, intended almost en- tirely for export; industry accounts for 52% of total employment, service sector 44%, and agriculture and forestry 4%; livestock raising and dairying are the main sources of income in the small farm sector; the sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors, estimated at $10 million annually provides for 10% of state ex- penditures; companies incorporated in Liechtenstein solely for tax purposes provide a further 30% of the state budget; low busi- ness taxes (the maximum tax rate is 20%) and easy incorporation rules have induced be- tween 20,000 and 30,000 holding companies, so-called letter box companies, to establish nominal offices in the principality; economy is tied closely to that of Switzerland in a cus- toms union; no national accounts data are available Budget: (1980) revenues, $124 million; ex- penditures, $124 million Branches: unicameral legislature (Diet) with 15 deputies elected to four-year terms, he- reditary Prince, independent judiciary Government leaders: FRANZ JOSEF II, Prince (since 1938); Hans BRUNHART, Head of Government (Prime Minister; since May 1978); the Prince transferred most of his executive powers to his son, Prince HANS ADAM, in August 1984 Suffrage: universal adult male; female suf- frage limited to national issues Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union (VU), Dr. Otto Hasler; Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), Dr. Peter Marxer; Christian Social Party, Fritz Kaiser; Action Sleeping Beauty (Aktion Dornroschen) Voting strength: (1982) VU 53.4% (8 seats), FBP 46.4% (7 seats) Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, IAEA, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UNICEF, UPU, WIPO; considering UN membership; under several post-World War I treaties Switzerland han- dles Liechtenstein's customs and postal, telephone, and telegraph systems and repre- sents the principality abroad on a diplomatic and consular level whenever requested to do so by the Liechtenstein Government GNP: approximately $16,900 per capita (1980) Agriculture: livestock, vegetables, corn, wheat, potatoes, grapes Major industries: high technology, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharma- ceuticals, food products Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1984); 150 million kWh produced (1984), 5,556 kWh per capita Exports: (1981) $441 million; 40.5% EC, 32.2% EFTA (23.8% Switzerland), 27.3% other Major trade partners: exports (1979)-$466 million; 42% EC, 32% EFTA (24% Switzer- land), 26% other Monetary conversion rate: 2.15 Swiss francs=US$1 (third quarter 1983) Communications Railroads: 18.5 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, electrified; owned, operated, and in- cluded in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways Highways: 130.66 km main roads, 192.27 km byroads Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving about 20,020 telephones (77.0 per 100 popl.); no broadcast facilities Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Switzerland Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Luxembourg Land 2,586 km2; smaller than Rhode Island; 43.9% arable, 33% forest, 27% meadow and pasture, 15% waste or urban, negligible inland water People Population: 367,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.1% Nationality: noun-Luxembourger(s); adjec- tive-Luxembourg Government Official name: Grand Duchy of Luxem- bourg Political subdivisions: unitary state, but for administrative purposes has 3 districts (Lux- embourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons Legal system: based on civil law system; con- stitution adopted 1868; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: parliamentary democracy; seven ministers compose Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature (Chamber of Deputies); the Coun- cil of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; ju- dicial power exercised by independent courts; coalition governments are usual Government leaders: JEAN, Grand Duke (since 1964); Jacques SANTER, Prime Minis- ter (since June 1984) Other political or pressure groups: group of steel industries representing iron and steel in- dustry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Social- ist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation Member of. Benelux, BLEU, Council of Eu- rope, EC, EIB, EMS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GNP: $4.7 billion, $13.988 per capita (1983); 60.9% private consumption, 17.1% govern- ment consumption, 24.9% investment, 2.0% stockbuilding, 4.9% net foreign balance; -0.5% real GDP growth (1983) Agriculture: mixed farming, dairy products, and wine Major industries: banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires, and banking, Crude steel: 4.6 million metric tons produced (1980), 14 metric tons per capita; 6.4 metric ton capacity (1981) Ethnic divisions: Celtic base, with French and German blend; also guest and worker res- idents from Portugal, Italy, and European countries Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% Protes- tant and Jewish Language: Luxembourgish, German, French; most educated Luxembourgers also speak English Labor force: (1981) 161,700; one-third of labor force is foreign, comprising mostly workers from Portugal, Italy, France, Bel- gium, and FRG (1981); unemployment 1.0% (1981 average); 45% services, 42% industry and commerce, 12% government, 0.5% agri- culture Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every five years for entire Cham- ber of Deputies; latest elections June 1984 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Party, Jacques Santer, parliamentary presi- dent, and jean Spautz, party president; Socialist Workers, Robert Krieps, party presi- dent; Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte, party president; Liberal, Colette Flesch; Communist, Dominique Urbany; Indepen- dent Socialists, Jean Gremling, party president; Enroles de Force Voting strength: (1984) Chamber of Depu- ties-Christian Socialist, 25; Socialist Workers, 21; Liberals, 14; Communists, 2; Green Alternative Party, 2 Electric power: 1,497,000 kW capacity (1984); 843 million kWh produced (1984), 2,303 kWh per capita Exports, imports, major trade partners: Luxembourg has a customs union with Bel- gium under which foreign trade is recorded jointly for the two countries; Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products, principal imports are minerals, metals, food- stuffs, and machinery; most of its foreign trade is with FRG, Belgium, France, and other EC countries (for totals, see Belgium) Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $1.34 billion; expenditures, $1.16 billion; deficit, $0.18 million Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Luxembourg (continued) Monetary conversion rate: 62.0 Luxem- bourg francs= US$1 (December 1984); under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal in value to the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg Communications Railroads: 270 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 160 km double track; 162 km electri- fied Highways: 5,108 km total; 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth; about 80 km lim- ited access divided highway .Inland waterways: 37 km; Moselle River- Pipelines: refined products, 48 km Port: (river) Mertert Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in Telecommunications: adequate and effi- cient system, mainly buried cables; 199,000 telephones(54.8 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Army Military manpower: males 15-49, 96,000; 80,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $40 million; 3.4% of central government budget Macau Zhupang causeway Lllha de Taipa llha de Coloane Land 15.5 km2; smaller than Washington, D.C.; 90% urban, 10% agricultural Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm; fishing, 12 nm People Population: 393,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.4% Nationality: noun-Macanese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Macau Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% Portu- guese Religion: mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, of whom about half are Chinese Language: 98% Chinese, 2% Portuguese Literacy: almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese popula- tion Government Official name: Macau Type: Chinese territory under Portuguese administration Capital: Lisbon (Portugal) Political subdivisions: municipality of Ma- cau and two islands (Taipa and Coloane) Legal system: Portuguese civil law system Branches: 18-member Legislative Assembly, with Governor and 5 appointed, 6 nomi- nated, and 6 elected representatives Government leader: Rear Adm. Vasco Fer- nando Lecte da Almeida e COSTA, Governor (since June 1981) Suffrage: Portuguese, Chinese, and foreign residents over 18 Elections: conducted every four years Political parties and leaders: Association to Defend the Interests of Macau; Macau Dem- ocratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macau; Macau Independent Group Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local in- terests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 Macau Government acceded to Chinese demands that gave Chinese veto power over administration of the enclave Economy GNP: $640 million (1980 est.) Agriculture: main crops-rice, vegetables; food shortages-rice, vegetables, meat; de- pends mostly on imports for food requirements Major industries: textiles, toys, plastic prod- ucts, furniture Electric power: 123,000 kW capacity (1984); 330 million kWh produced (1984), 870 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Exports: $755.9 million (f.o.b., 1983); textiles and clothing Imports: $722.4 million (c.i.f., 1983); food- stuffs Major trade partners: exports-27% US, 22% Hong Kong, 12% FRG, 10% France; im- ports-39% Hong Kong, 28% China (1983) Budget: (1982) expenditures, $140.4 million Monetary conversion rate: 8.0 patacas=US$1 (June 1984) Communications Highways: 42 km paved Ports: 1 major Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fairly modern com- munication facilities maintained for domestic and international services; 13,000 telephones; 4 AM and 3 FM radio broadcast transmitters; est. 75,000 radio receivers; in in- ternational HF radio communication facility; access to international communica- tions carriers provided via Hong Kong and China Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Portugal Military manpower: males 15-49, 106,000; 61,000 fit for military service Madagascar c? .? ets 4#0 Land 592,900 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; 58% pasture, 21% forest, 8% waste, 5% cultivated, 2% rivers and lakes, 6% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm (economic, including fishing, 150 nm) People Population: 9,941,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun-Malagasy (sing. and pl.); adjective-Malagasy Ethnic divisions: basic split between high- landers of predominantly Malayo- Indonesian origin, consisting of Merina (1,643,000) and related Betsileo (760,000) on the one hand and coastal tribes-collectively termed the Cotiers-with mixed Negroid, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry on the other; coastal tribes include Betsimisaraka 941,000, Tsimihety 442,000, Antaisaka 415,000, Sakalava 375,000; there are also 10,000-12,000 European French, 5,000 Indians of French nationality, and 5,000 Creoles Religion: more than half indigenous beliefs; about 41% Christian, 7% Muslim Labor force: about 3.4 million, of which 90% are nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agriculture; of 175,000 wage and salary earners, 26% agriculture, 17% domes- tic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11% construction, 9% services, 6% transpor- tation, 2% miscellaneous Organized labor: 4% of labor force Government Official name: Democratic Republic of Madagascar Type: real authority in hands of President Ratsiraka, although Supreme Revolutionary Council is theoretically ultimate executive authority Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and traditional Malagasy law; constitution of 1959 modified in October 1972 by law establishing provisional govern- ment institutions; new constitution accepted by referendum in December 1975; legal edu- cation at National School of Law, University of Madagascar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 26 June Branches: executive-a 19-member Su- preme Revolutionary Council (made up of military and political leaders); assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; unicam- eral legislative-Popular National Assembly; Military Committee for Development; regu- lar courts are patterned after French system, and a High Council of Institutions reviews all legislation to determine its constitutional va- lidity Government leader: Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA, President (since June 1975); Lt. Col. Desire Rakotoarijaona, Prime Minis- ter Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Madagascar (continued) Elections: referendum held in December 1975 gave overwhelming approval to govern- ment and new constitution; elections for Popular National Assembly held in June 1977 and in August 1983; only one political group allowed to take part in the election, The Na- tional Front for the Defense of the Revolution, which presented a single list of candidates; a presidential election in Novem- ber 1982 returned President Ratsiraka with an 80% majority; the challenger, Monja Jaona, received 20% and was later arrested after leading demonstrations to protest elec- tion fraud INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $2.5 billion (1984 prov.), about $260 per capita; real growth rate 1.6% (1984 prov.) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, vanilla, cloves, sugar, tobacco, sisal, rice, raffia]; co- coa; pepper; food crops-rice, cassava, cereals, potatoes, corn, beans, bananas, coco- nuts, and peanuts; animal husbandry widespread; imports some rice, milk, and ce- real Communications Railroads: 1,020 km 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 40,000 km total; 4,694 km paved, 811 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved and unimproved earth (est.) Inland waterways: of local importance only; isolated streams and small portions of Canal des Pangalanes Political parties and leaders: seven parties are now allowed limited political activity un- der the national front and are represented on the Supreme Revolutionary Council: Ad- vance Guard of the Malagasy Revolution (AREMA), Didier Ratsiraka; Congress Party for Malagasy Independence (AKFM), Pastor Richard Andriamanjato; Movement for Na- tional Unity (VONJY), Dr. Marojama Razanabahiny; Malagasy Christian Demcratic Union (UDECMA), Norbert Andriamorasata; Militants for the Establish- ment of a Proletarian Regime (MFM), Manandafy Rakotonirina; National Move- ment for the Independence of Madagascar (MONIMA), Monja Jaona; Socialist Orga- nization MONIMA (VS MONIMA), Jaona Remanindry Votingstrength: 4.8 million registered voters (1982); in 1977 local elections, President Ratsiraka's AREMA captured approximately 89.5% of the 73,000 available positions on 11,400 local executive committees; AKFM won about 7.3% of the seats, MONIMA 1.7%, and VONJY 1.4%; UDECMA won only about 45 seats; in the 1983 legislative election AREMA won 117 out of the 137 seats in the Popular National Assembly Communists: Communist party of virtually no importance; small and vocal group of Communists has gained strong position in leadership of AKFM, the rank and file of which is non-Communist Member of. AfDB, EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, Fishing: catch 48,001 (1982 est.); marketed output-22,150 metric tons fish (1984 prov.); 6,695 metric tons shellfish (1984 prov.) Major industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement plant, auto assembly plant, paper mill, oil re- finery Electric power: 110,000 kW capacity (1984); 420 million kWh produced (1984), 43 kWh per capita Exports: $328 million (f.o.b., 1984 prov.); cof- fee, vanilla, sugar, cloves; agricultural and livestock products account for about 85% of export earnings Imports: $356 million (f.o.b., 1984 prov.); raw materials, intermediate goods, foodstuffs Major trade partners: France, US, other EC, Saudi Arabia; trade with Communist coun- tries remains a minute part of total trade Budget: overall government operations (1984 prov.)-total revenues, $417 million; current expenditures, $295 million; capital expendi- tures, $149 million ' External debt: $2.2 billion disbursed; debt service payment 30% of exports after re- scheduling Monetary conversion rate: 621.12 Malagasy francs=US$1 (October 1984) Ports: 4 major (Tamatave, Diego Suarez, Ma- junga, Tulear) Airfields: 152 total, 125 usable; 28 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 46 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system includes open-wire lines, coaxial cables, and radio-re- lay links; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 38,200 telephones (0.4 per 100 pop].); 14 AM, no FM, 24 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Popular Army, Aeronaval Forces (includes Navy and Air Force), paramilitary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,197,000; 1,344,000 fit for military service; 90,000 reach military age (20) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 118,484 km2; the size of Pennsylvania; 34% of land area arable (of which 86% is cultivated), nearly 25% forest, 6% meadow and pasture, 38% other Organized labor: small minority of wage earners are unionized Agriculture: cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, tung, maize; subsistence crops-corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice; self-sufficient in food production Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1984); 458 million kWh produced (1984), 67 kWh per capita Major industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods Exports: $203.5 million (c.i.f., 1983); tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, corn Imports: $273.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manu- factured goods, machinery and transport equipment, building and construction ma- terials, fuel, fertilizer People Population: 7,056,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Malawian(s); adjec- tive-Malawian Ethnic divisions: Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Asian, Eu- ropean Religion: 55% Protestant, 20% Roman Cath- olic, 20% Muslim; traditional indigenous beliefs are also practiced by some members of these groups Language: English and Chichewa (official); Tombuka is second African language Labor force: 344,052 wage earners employed in Malawi (1982); 52% agriculture, 16% per- sonal services, 9% manufacturing, 7% construction, 6% commerce, 4% miscella- neous services, 5% other permanently employed Government Official name: Republic of Malawi Type: one-party state Capital: Lilongwe Political subdivisions: 3 administrative re- gions and 24 districts Legal system:, based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: strong presidential system with Cabinet appointed by President; unicameral National Assembly of 87 elected and up to 15 nominated members; High Court with Chief Justice and at least two justices Government leader: Dr. Hastings Kamuzu BANDA, President (since 1966) Elections: President Banda designated Presi- dent for Life in 1970; parliamentary elections last held June 1983, next scheduled for 1988 Political parties and leaders: Malawi Con- gress Party (MCP), post of secretary general unfilled since death of Dick Matenje in May 1983 Member of. AfDB, Commonwealth, EC (as- sociated member), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $1.34 billion (1982), $213 per capita; real growth rate 3.0% (1982) Major trade partners: exports-UK, FRG, US, Netherlands, South Africa; imports- South Africa, UK, Japan, US, FRG Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 82), $1.1 billion; US authorized (FY70-83), $45 million Budget: 1983 revenues $211.9 million, ex- penditures $231.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.33 Malawi kwacha=US$1 (June 1984) Communications Railroads: 754 km 1.067-meter gauge Highways: 10,775 km total; 2,364 km paved; 381 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 8,569 km improved earth Inland waterways: Lake Malawi, 1,290 km; Shire River, 144 km, 3 lake ports Airfields: 50 total, 47 usable; 6 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Malawi (continued) Telecommunications: fair system of open- wire lines, radio-relay links, and radio communication stations; 29,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 7 AM, 13 FM, no TV sta- tions; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Army Air Wing, Army Na- val Detachment, paramilitary Police Mobile Unit Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,498,000; about 854,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984 $20.1 million; about 6.1% of cen- tral government budget Malaysia Sabah: 1,279,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.9% Sarawak: 1,532,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.4% r?9 Town KUALA LUMPUR ohor Baharu ~KU h 01100,00 NOTE: Established on 16 September 1963, Malaysia consists of Peninsular Malaysia, which includes 11 states of the former Fed- eration of Malaya, plus East Malaysia, which includes the two former colonies of North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak Land Peninsular Malaysia: 131,313 kmz; larger than New Mexico; 26% forest reserve, 20% cultivated, 54% other; Sabah: 76,146 km; smaller than Nebraska; 34% forest reserve, 13% cultivated, 53% other Sarawak: 125,097 km; larger than New Mex- ico; 24% forest reserves, 21% cultivated, 55% other I Land boundaries: 509 km Peninsular Malay- sia, 1,786 km East Malaysia Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 2,068 km Peninsular Malaysia, 2,607 km East Malaysia People Population: 15,664,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.2% Peninsular Malaysia: 12,854,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun-Malaysian(s); adjec- tive-Malaysian Ethnic divisions: 50% Malay, 36% Chinese, 10% Indian, 4% other Religion: Peninsular Malaysia: Malays nearly all Mus- lim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists, Indians predominantly Hindu Sabah: 38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other Sarawak: 35% tribal religion, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 2% other Language: Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official); En- glish, Chinese dialects, Tamil Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dia- lects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numer- ous tribal languages Literacy: Peninsular Malaysia: 75% Labor force: Malaysia: 5.58 million (1983); 37% agricul- ture, forestry, livestock, and fishing; 39% trade, transport, and services; 22% manufac- turing and construction Organized labor: 612,000 (November 1983), about 11% of total labor force; unemploy- ment about 6.0% of total labor force (1983), but higher in urban areas Government Official name: Malaysia Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: Malaysia: constitutional monarchy nomi- nally headed by Paramount Ruler (King); a bicameral Parliament consisting of a 58- member Senate and a 154-member House of Representatives Peninsular Malaysia: executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are similar in de- sign; a Chief Minister, appointed by hereditary ruler or Governor, heads an exec- utive council (cabinet), which is responsible to an elected, unicameral legislature Sabah: (March ?1981 election) State Assem- bly-Berjaya Party,.43 seats; USNO, 3. seats; SCCP, 1 seat; 1 seat vacant Sarawak: (1979 election) State Assembly Na tional Front controls 45 of 48 seats Peninsular Malaysian states: hereditary rul- ers in all but Penang and Malacca where Governors appointed by Malaysian Govern- ment; powers of state governments. limited by federal constitution Sabah: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 16 seats in House of Repre- sentatives; foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to fed- eral government Sarawak: self-governing state within Malay- sia in which it holds 24 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, and internal security, and other powers are dele- gated to federal government Capital: Peninsular Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Sabah: Kota Kinabalu Sarawak: Kuching Political subdivisions: 13 states (including Sa- bah and Sarawak) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into force 1963; judicial re- view of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of Supreme Head of the Federa- tion; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: nine state rulers alternate as Para- mount Ruler for five-year terms; locus of executive power vested in Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are responsible to bicam- eral Parliament (Senate, House of Repre- sentatives); following communal rioting in May 1969, government imposed state of emergency and suspended constitutional rights of all parliamentary bodies; par- liamentary democracy resumed in February 1971 Sarawak and Sabah: executive branch headed by Governor appointed by central government, largely ceremonial role; execu- tive power exercised by Chief Minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature; judiciary part of Ma- laysian judicial system Government leader: Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad, Prime Minister (since July 1981) Elections: minimum of every five years; last elections April 1982 Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia: National Front, a con- federation of 10 political parties dominated by United Malay National Organization (UMNO), Mahathir bin Mohamad; opposi- tion parties are Democratic Action Party (DAP), Chen Man Hin; and Islamic Party (PAS), Yusof Rawa Sabah: Berjaya Party, Datuk Harris Salleh; Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP); opposition United Sabah National Organiza- tion (USNO), Tun Datuk Mustapha; opposition Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputra Sabah (Perkasa), Datuk Pengiran Othman Rauf Sarawak: coalition Sarawak National Front composed of the Party Pesaka Bumipatra Bersatu (PPBB), Datuk Abdul Taib; the United People's Party (SUPP), Wong Soon Kai; and the Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Datuk James Wong; opposition is Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS), Leo Maggie Voting strength: Peninsular Malaysia: (1982 election) lower house of parliament; National Front, 132 seats; Democratic Action Party, 9 seats; Is- lamic Party, 5 seats; independents, 8 seats Communists: Peninsular Malaysia: approximately 3;000 armed insurgents on Thailand side of Thai/Malaysia border; approximately 300 full-time inside Peninsular Malaysia Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Associa- tion of Tin Producing Countries, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $25.1 billion (1981), $1,750 per capita; annual growth 5.6% (1983) Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, oil palm, rice; 10-15% of rice requirements im- ported Sabah: mainly subsistence; main crops-rub- ber, timber, coconut, rice; food deficit-rice Sarawak: main crops-rubber, timber, pep- per; food deficit-rice Fishing: catch 683,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manu- facturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber Sabah: logging, petroleum production Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Malaysia (continued) Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging Electric power: Peninsular Malaysia: 2,500,000 k W capacity (1984); 10.156 billion kWh produced (1984), 806 kWh per capita East Malaysia: about 5,426 km total (1,644 km in Sarawak, 3,782 km in Sabah); 819 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 2,936 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,671 km earth Inland waterways: Peninsular Malaysia: 3,209 km Defense Forces Branches: Royal Malaysian Army, Royal Ma- laysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,997,000; 2,535,000 fit for military service; 174,000 reach military age (21) annually Sabah: 206,000 kW capacity (1984); 604 mil- lion kWh produced (1984), 490 kWh per capita Sarawak: 155,000 kW capacity (1984); 388 million kWh produced (1984), 260 kWh per capita Exports: $14.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); natural rubber, palm oil, tin, timber, petroleum, light manufactures Imports: $11.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983) Major trade partners: exports-22% Singa- pore, 20% Japan, 15% EC, 13% US; imports- 25% Japan, 16% US, 14% EC, 14% Singapore (1983) Budget: 1985 operating expenditures, $9.1 billion; development expenditures, $2.8 bil- lion; deficit, $2.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.371 ringgits=US$1 (September 1984) Communications Railroads: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,665 km 1.04-meter gauge; 13 km double track; government owned East Malaysia: 136 km 1.000-meter gauge in Sabah Highways: Peninsular Malaysia: 19,753 km total; 15,900 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 3,000 km crushed stone/gravel, 883 km improved or unim- proved earth East Malaysia: 4,200 km (1,569 km in Sabah, 2,518 km in Sarawak) Ports: Peninsular Malaysia: 3 major, 14 minor East Malaysia: 3 major, 12 minor (2 major, 3 minor in Sabah;1 major, 9 minor in Sarawak) Civil air: approximately 28 major transport aircraft Pipelines: crude oil, 707 km; natural gas, 379 km Airfields: 135 total, 133 usable; 29 with per- manent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: Peninsular Malaysia: good intercity service provided mainly by microwave relay; inter- national service good; good coverage by radio and television broadcasts; 609,288 telephones (5.13 per 100 popl.); 26 AM, 1 FM, 20 TV stations; IOCON submarine cables extend to India; connected to SEACOM submarine ca- ble terminal at Singapore by microwave relay; 2 international ground satellite sta- tions; 1 domestic ground satellite station Sabah: adequate intercity radio-relay net- work extends to Sarawak via Brunei; 43,000 telephones (3.94 per 100 popl.); 14 AM,1 FM, 7 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore; 1 ground satellite station Sarawak: adequate intercity radio-relay net work extends to Sabah via Brunei; 64,512 telephones(4.65 per 100 popl.); 5 AM stations, no FM, 6 TV stations External defense dependent on loose Five Power Defense Agreement (FPDA), which replaced Anglo-Malayan Defense Agree- ment of 1957 as amended in 1963 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $1.82 million; about 15% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Male Atoll MALE Arabian , .;t? "Gan Fishing: catch 30,300 (est.) metric tons (1982) Major industries: fishing, tourism, some co- conut processing, garment industry, woven mats, shipping, coir (rope) Electric power: 4,690 kW capacity (1984); 9 million kWh produced (1984), 54 kWh per capita Exports: US$17.3 million (1982) Imports: US$46.0 million (1982) Major trade partners: Japan, Sri Lanka, Thailand Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $22.7 million; expenditures, $41.65 million (at official rate of 5.50 rufiyaa=US$1 Laccadive Sea Land 298 km'; twice the size of Washington, D.C.; 2,000 islands grouped into 19 atolls; about 220 islands inhabited Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): the land and sea between latitudes 7?9'N and 0?45'S and between longitudes 72?30'E and 73?48'E; these coordinates form a rectangle of approximately 37,000 nm; territorial sea ranges from 2.75 to 55 nm; fishing, approxi- mately 100 nm; economic, approximately 200 nm People Population: 178,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.0% Nationality: noun-Maldivian(s); adjec- tive-Maldivian Ethnic divisions: admixtures of Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, and black Religion: Sunni Muslim Language: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala; script derived from Arabic); English spoken by most government officials Labor force: total employment is approxi- mately 66,000; fishing industry employs 80% of the labor force Government Official name: Republic of Maldives Type: republic Capital: Male Political subdivisions: 19 administrative dis- tricts corresponding to atolls, plus capital city Legal system: based on Islamic law with ad- mixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holidays: Independence Day, 26 July; Republic Day, 11 November Branches: popularly elected unicameral na- tional legislature People's Council (members elected for five-year terms); elected Presi- dent, chief executive; appointed Chief Justice responsible for administration of Is- lamic law Government leader: Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM, President (since 1978) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: no organized political parties; country governed by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth (special member), FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IMF, IMO; ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $74 million (1982), $462 per capita; real growth rate (est. 1983), 10% Agriculture: crops-coconut, limited pro- duction of millet, corn, pumpkins, sweet potatoes; shortages-rice, sugar, flour Monetary conversion rate: 5.50 Maldivian rufiyas=US$1, official rate; 7.05 Maldivian rufiyas=US$1, market rate (August 1983) Communications Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 2 minor (Male, Gan) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: minimal domestic and international telecommunication facili- ties; 1,060 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 1 TV, 1 FM, 2 AM stations; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT station Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, about $1.8 million Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: republic; military regime in power since November 1968; began a phased return to civilian rule in June 1979 Political subdivisions: 7 administrative re- gions Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and customary law; constitution adopted 1974, came into full effect in 1979; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September Economy GDP: $1.0 billion (1982), $138 per capita; an- nual real growth rate 4.4% (1982) Agriculture: main crops-millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops-peanuts, cot- ton, livestock Fishing: catch 98,000 tons (1981) Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing Electric power: 92,000 kW capacity (1984); 161 million kWh produced (1984), 21 kWh per capita Land 1,240,000 kmz; larger than Texas and Califor- nia combined; 75% sparse pasture or desert, about 25% arable, negligible forest Land boundaries: 7,459 km People Population: 7,735,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-Malian(s); adjective- Malian Ethnic divisions: 50% Mande (Bambara, Ma- linke, Sarakole), 17% Peul, 12% Voltaic, 6% Songhai, 5% Tuareg and Moor Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% indigenous be- liefs, 1% Christian Language: French (official); Bambara spo- ken by about 80% of the population Labor force: 3.1 million (1981); 80% agricul- ture, 19% services, 1% industry and commerce Organized labor: National Union of Malian Workers (UNTM) is umbrella organization over 13 national unions Government Official name: Republic of Mali Branches: until 1979 executive authority ex- ercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11 army of- ficers; now Cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; unicameral legislature: (National Council); judiciary Government leader: Gen. Moussa TRAORE, President (led Mali as President of MCNL during 1968-79; President since 1979) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM), is the sole political party; under civilian leadership Elections: constitutional elections took place June 1979 Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers (no legal Communist party) Member of: AfDB, APC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OIC, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Exports: $145.8 million (f.o.b., 1982); live- stock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins Imports: $232.6 million (f.o.b., 1982); tex- tiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, sugar, cereals Major trade partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe; also with USSR, China Budget: (1982) revenues, $154 million; ex- penditures and net lending, $169 million Monetary conversion rate: 479.875 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 642 km 1.000-meter gauge Highways: approximately 15,700 km total; 1,670 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 39 total, 31 usable; 8 with perma- nent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Telecommunications: domestic system poor and provides only minimal service; radio-re- lay, wire, and radio communications stations in use; expansion of radio relay in progress; 8,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic and 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,691,000; 854,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $24.8 million; about 22.2% of central government budget Land 313 km'; twice the size of Washington, D.C.; 45% agricultural; negligible forest; remain- der urban, waste, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 25 nm) People Population; 355,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate -0.5% Nationality: noun-Maltese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Maltese Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, English Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Language: Maltese and English (official) Literacy: 83% Labor force: 120,419 (1983); 33% services (ex- cept government), 26% manufacturing, 23% government (except job corps), 5% agricul- ture, 5% utilities and drydocks; 8.2% registered unemployed Organized labor: approximately 40% of la- bor force Government official name: Republic of Malta Type: parliamentary democracy, indepen- dent republic within the Commonwealth since December 1974 Political subdivisions: 2 main populated is- lands, Malta and Gozo, divided into 13 electoral districts (divisions) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into force 1964; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations Branches: executive, consisting of Prime Minister and Cabinet; unicameral legislature (65-member House of Representatives); inde- pendent judiciary National holiday: Freedom Day, 31 March Government leaders: Agatha BARBARA, President (since February 1982); Karmenu Mifsud BONNICI, Prime Minister (since De- cember 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 18; registration required Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Min- ister, but must be held before the expiration of a five-year electoral mandate; last election December 1981 Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, Edward Fenech Adami; Malta Labor Party, Dominic Mintoff Voting strength: (1981 election) House of Representatives-Labor, 34 seats (49% of the vote); Nationalist, 31 seats (51% of the vote) Member of. Commonwealth, Council of Eu- rope, FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC-Inter-. national Wheat Council, NAM, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Malta (continued) Economy GDP: $1.12 billion (1982), $3,145 per capita (1982); 66.2% private consumption, 26.0% gross investment; 18.4% government con- sumption, 16.2% net foreign sector; change in stocks 5.5%; in 1982 real GDP growth was 2.3% Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; gen- erally adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk, and pork products; seasonal or periodic shortages in grain, animal fodder, fruits, other basic foodstuffs; main prod- ucts-potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs Major industries: tourism, ship repair yard, clothing, building industry, food manufac- turing, textiles Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be im- ported Electric power: 157,000 kW capacity (1984); 703 million kWh produced (1984), 1,972 kWh per capita Exports: $397.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); cloth- ing, textiles, ships, printed matter Imports: $732.5 million (c.i.f., 1983) Major trade partners: 72% EC (32% FRG, 17% UK, 10% Italy); 4% US (1980) Budget: (1984) projects $474 million in ex- penditures, $476 million in revenues Monetary conversion rate: 2.0 Maltese pounds=US$1 (September 1984) Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December Communications Highways: 1,292 km total; 1,179 km paved (asphalt), 77 km crushed stone or gravel, 35 km improved and unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Valletta), 1 secondary, 1 mi- nor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runways, 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: modern automatic telecom system centered in Valletta; 82,700 telephones (26.2 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, 5 FM, 2 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Police, Task Force, Paramilitary Dejima Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 89,000; 73,000 fit for military service Supply: various facilities and equipment turned over by the UK in 1965; has received 2 patrol boats, small arms, and mortars from Libya; vehicles and engineer equipment from Italy Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $22.8 million; about 5.6% of central government budget Martinique North '.4 Atlantic Ocean Land 1,100 km2; slightly smaller than Rhode Is- land; 31% crop, 29% forest, 24% waste or built on, 16% pasture Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm) People Population: 327,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.1% Nationality: noun-Martiniquais (sing. and p1.); adjective-Martiniquais Ethnic divisions: 90% African and African- Caucasian-Indian mixture, 5% Caucasian, less than 5% East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, Creole patois Labor force: 100,000; 31.7% service industry, 29.4% construction and public works, 13.1.% agriculture, 7.3% industry, 2.2% fisheries, 16.3% other; 14% unemployed Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: Department of Martinique Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by three deputies in the French National Assembly and two senators in the Senate Other political or pressure groups: Proletar- ian Action Group (GAP), Socialist Revolution Group (GRS), Martinique Independence Movement (MIM), Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC) Member of: WFTU Economy GDP: $1.38 billion (1980), $4,543 per capita Airfields: 4 total; 3 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: domestic facilities are adequate; 68,900 telephones (21.5 per 100 popl.); interisland radio-relay links to Guade- loupe, Dominica, and St. Lucia; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1 AM, 4 FM, 7 TV stations Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected council of 36 members and a Regional Council includ- ing all members of the local general council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under ju- risdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Jean CHEVANCE, Prefect of the Republic (since 1981) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council election nor- mally is held every five years; last General Council election took place in June 1981; re- gional assembly elections held February 1983 Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), Edmond Valcin; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist Party of Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Mar- tinique (UDM), Leon-Laurent Valere Voting strength: RPR, 1 seat in French Na- tional Assembly; UDF, 1 seat; Socialist Party, 1 seat Communists: 1,000 estimated Agriculture: bananas, pineapples, vegeta- bles, flowers, limited sugarcane for rum Major industries: construction, rum, ce- ment, oil refining, light industry, tourism Electric power: 66,000 kW capacity (1984); 319 million kWh produced (1984), 970 kWh per capita Exports: $123 million (1981); refined petro- leum products, bananas, rum, pineapples Imports: $703 million (1981); petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods Major trade partners: exports-56% France (1978); imports-62% France, 28% EC and franc zone, 4.5% US, 5.5% other (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral ODA and OOF commitments (1970-81) from Western (non- US) countries, $3.1 billion; no military aid Budget: (1981) expenditures, $215 million Monetary conversion rate: 9.65 French francs=US$1 (January 1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 1,680 km total; 1,300 km paved, 380 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Fort-de-France), 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of France Military manpower: males 15-49, 84,000 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 1,030,700 km2; the size of Texas and Califor- nia combined; almost 90% desert, 10% pasture, less than 1% suitable for crops Organized labor: 30,000 members claimed by single union, Mauritanian Workers' Union Government NOTE: Mauritania acquired administrative control of the southern third of Western (for- merly Spanish) Sahara under a 1975 agreement with Morocco and Spain. Follow- ing an August 1979 peace agreement with Polisario insurgents fighting for control of Western Sahara, Mauritania withdrew from the territory and renounced all territorial claims. Official name: Islamic Republic of Maurita- nia Type: republic; military seized power in bloodless coup 10 July 1978 IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OM VS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GNP: about $730 million (1982 est.), $460 per capita Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main products-live- stock, cereals, vegetables, dates; cash crops- gum arabic Fishing: artisanal fish catch 350,000 metric tons (1983 est.); commercial fishing exports 312,000 metric tons in 1983 Major industries: mining of iron ore and gypsum, fish processing Land boundaries: 5,118 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 70 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 1,656,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun-Mauritanian(s); adjec- tive-Mauritanian Ethnic divisions: 40% mixed Moor/black; 30% Moor, 30% black Religion: nearly 100% Muslim Language: Hasanya Arabic (national); French (official); Toucouleur, Fula, Sarakole, Wolof Labor force: total labor force 465,000 (1981 est.); about 45,000 wage earners (1980 IMF); 47% agriculture, 29% services, 14% industry and commerce, 10% government; consider- able unemployment Political subdivisions: 12 regions and a capi- tal district Legal system: based on Islamic law; military constitution April 1979 National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November Branches: executive, Military Committee for National Salvation rules by decree; National Assembly and judiciary suspended pending restoration of civilian rule Government leader: Col. Maaouiya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA, President and Prime Minister Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: in abeyance; last presidential elec- tion August 1976 Political parties and leaders: suspended Communists: no Communist Party, but there is a scattering of Maoist sympathizers Member of: AfDB, AIOEC, Arab League, CEAO, CIPEC (associate), EAMA, EIB (asso- ciate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, Electric power: 131,000 kW capacity (1984); 114 million kWh produced (1984), 70 kWh per capita Exports: $275 million (f.o.b., 1984); iron ore, processed fish, and small amounts of gum ar- abic and gypsum; also unrecorded but numerically significant cattle exports to Sen- egal Imports: $215 million (f.o.b., 1984); food- stuffs and other consumer goods, petroleum products, capital goods Major trade partners: France and other EC members, Senegal, and US Budget: $225 million budgeted in 1984; $184 million revenues (planned 1984) Monetary conversion rate: 61.4 ouguiyas=US$1 (30 July 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 740 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track, privately owned Highways: 7,540 km total; 1,350 km paved; 710 km gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved; 5,480 km unimproved Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Ports: 2 major (Nouadhibou and Nouak- chott), 2 minor Airfields: 32 total, 32 usable; 10 with perma- nent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor system of cable and open-wire lines, minor radio-relay links, and radio communications stations; 5,200 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, no FM or TV stations; satellite ground station under construction Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary Gendarmerie, paramilitary National Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 361,000; 175,000 fit for military service; conscription law not implemented Supply: primarily dependent on France; has also received material from Algeria, Mo- rocco, UK, Spain, and Romania Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $39.4 million; 17% of cen- tral government budget r3oodlsnas Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Land 1,865 km2; smaller than Rhode Island (ex- cluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, intensely cultivated; 39% forest, wood, mountain, rivers, and natural resources; 5% lakes; 3% built on; 2% roads and tracks; 1% waste Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 1,011,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9% Nationality: noun-Mauritian(s); adjec- tive-Mauritian Ethnic divisions: 68% Indo-Mauritian, 27% Creole, 3% Sino-Mauritian, 2% Franco-Mau- ritian Religion: 51% Hindu, 30% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic with a few Anglicans), 17% Muslim Language: Creole, French, English, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori Labor force: 335,000; 29% agriculture and fishing, 28% government services, 23% industry and commerce, 20% other; 14% are unemployed Organized labor: about 35% of labor force, forming over 270 unions Government Official name: Mauritius Type: independent state, recognizing Eliza- beth II as Chief of State Political subdivisions: 5 organized munici- palities and various island dependencies Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitution adopted 6 March 1968 National holiday: Independence Day, 12 March Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 19-member Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (Legislative Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected under "best loser" system Government leader: Aneerood JUGNAUTH, Prime Minister (since June 1982) Political parties and leaders: the govern- ment is currently controlled by a coalition composed of the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM), A. Jugnauth, and the Mauritian Social Democratic Party (PMSD), G. Duval; the Mauritian Labor Party (MLP) faction, led by party head S. Roolell, voted to leave the coali- tion in February 1984; the main opposition parties are the Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM), P. Rerenger, and the Rodrigues People's Organization (OPR) Voting strength: MSM, 30 of 70 seats in the Assembly; MMM, 21; MLP, 11; PMSD, 4; OPR, 2; and independents, 2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Mauritius (continued) Communists: may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Communist organizations; Mauritius Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist Party, Mauritius People's Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League, Mau- ritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association, Mauritius/ USSR Friendship Society Other political or pressure groups: various labor unions Member of. AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $1.1 billion (1983/84 prov.), $1,053 per capita; real growth rate, 1.2% (1983/84 prov.) Agriculture: sugar crop is a major economic asset; over 90% of cultivated land area is planted in sugar; most food imported Major industries: mainly food manufactur- ing (largely sugar milling); textiles and wearing apparel; chemical and chemical products; and metal products, transport equipment, and nonelectrical machinery Electric power: 212,000 kW capacity (1984); 464 million kWh produced (1984), 455 kWh per capita Exports: $362.3 million (merchandise, f.o.b., 1983/84 prov.); sugar (59%), textiles; tourism earned an additional $44 million Imports: $383.3 million (f.o.b., 1983/84); food, petroleum products, consumer goods Major trade partners: all EC countries and US have preferential treatment, UK buys al- most all of Mauritius's sugar export at subsidized prices; small amount of sugar ex- ported to Canada, US, and Italy; nonoil imports from UK and EC primarily, also from South Africa, Australia, US, and Japan; some minor trade with China Budget: central government-(1983/84 prov.) revenues, $245 million; current expen- ditures, $276 million Monetary conversion rate: 15.120 Mauritian rupees=US$1 (31 October 1984) Communications Highways: 1,984 km total; 1,152 km paved, 832 km earth Airfields: 5 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: small system with good service; new microwave link to Re- union; HF radio links to several countries; 2 AM, no FM, 4 TV stations; 37,800 telephones (4.0 per 100 popl.); 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: paramilitary Special Mobile Force, Police Riot Units, and Police Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 270,000; 141,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $4.5 million Land 1,972,547 km2; three times the size of Texas; 40% pasture; 22% forest; 12% crop; 26% other, including waste, urban areas and pub- lic lands Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 79,662,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Mexican(s); adjective- Mexican Ethnic divisions: 60% mestizo (Indian-Span- ish), 30% Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1% other Religion: 97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant Labor force: 21,500,000 (1982); 31.4% ser- vices; 26% agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing; 13.9% commerce; 12.8% manufac- turing; 9.5% construction; 4.8% Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 transportation; 1.3% mining and quarrying; 0.3% electricity; 10% unemployed, 40% un- deremployed Government Official name: United Mexican States Type: federal republic operating in fact un- der a centralized government Voting strength: (1982 presidential election) 74% PRI, 15% PAN, 4% PSUM, 7% other op- position and annulled Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO), National Peasant Confed- eration (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), Revolution- ary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC) Exports: $21.399 billion (f.o.b., 1983); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cat- tle and meat, fresh fruit, tomatoes, machin- ery and equipment Imports: $7.72 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machin- ery, equipment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods Major trade partners: exports-58% US, 19% EC, 7% Japan (1983); imports-60% US, 19% EC, 4% Japan Political subdivisions: 31 states and the Fed- eral District Legal system: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution es- tablished in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ juris- diction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September Branches: dominant executive, bicameral legislature (National Congress-Senate, Fed- eral Chamber of Deputies), Supreme Court Government leader: Miguel DE LA MA- DRID Hurtado, President (since December 1982) Suffrage: universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced Elections: next presidential election to be held in 1988 Political parties and leaders: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Adolfo Lugo Verduzco; National Action Party (PAN), Pablo Emilio Madero; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Unified So- cialist Party of Mexico (PSUM), Pablo Gomez Alvarez; Mexican Democratic Party (PDM), Ignacio Gonzalez Gollaz; Socialist Workers Party (PST), Rafael Aguilar Talamantes; Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT), Jose Manuel Aguilar Mora; Mexican Workers Party (PMT), Heberto Castillo Martinez Member of. FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, LAIA, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line), OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GDP: $121.2 billion (1983), $1,601 per cap- ita; 66% private consumption, 9% private investment, 8% public consumption, 7% pub- lic investment (1983); net foreign balance 4%; real growth rate 1983, -5.3% Agriculture: main crops-corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, sorghum, oilseed, pulses, and vegetables Fishing: catch 1,100,045 metric tons (1983); exports valued at $481 million, imports at $21.9 million (1982) Major industries: processing of food, bever- ages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment Crude steel: 10 million metric tons capacity (1982); 6.895 million metric tons produced (1983) Electric power: 18,650,000 kW capacity (1984); 67.8 billion kWh produced (1984), 873 kWh per capita Aid: economic commitments, including Ex- Im (FY70-83), US authorizations $2.8 billion; (1970-82) Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF, $3.5 billion; Communist countries (1970-83), $47 million; military commit- ments, US (FY70-83), $7.6 million Budget: 1983 public sector, budgeted reve- nues, $52.8 billion; budgeted expenditures, $51.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: dual exchange rates-controlled rate 193 pesos=US$1; "free" rate 209=US$1(both rates as of 1 Jan- uary 1985, rates depreciating by 17 centavos as of 1 January 1985) Communications Railroads: 20,680 km total; 19,950 km 1.435- meter standard gauge; 730 km 0.914-meter narrow gauge Highways: 210,000 km total; 65,000 km paved, 30,000 km semipaved or cobblestone, 60,000 km rural roads (improved earth) or roads under construction, 55,000 km unim- proved earth roads Inland waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil, 5,134 km; refined prod- ucts, 6,875 km; natural gas, 9,490 km Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Mexico (continued) Airfields: 1,961 total, 1,771 usable; 179 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 266 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with extensive radio-relay links; connection into Central American mi- crowave net; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground antennas; 5.41 million telephones (7.6 per 100 pop].); 630 AM, 110 FM, 120 TV sta- tions; and about 180 low-power relay stations; 200 domestic satellite terminals Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps Military manpower: males 15-49, 18,887,000; 14,976,000 fit for military ser- vice; 882,000 reach military age (18)annually Military budget: for year ending 31 Decem- ber 1985, $1.09 billion (prof.); expenditures, including support of parastatals, 1.4% of cen- tral government budget Land 1.9 km2; about one-tenth the size of Washing- ton, D.C. Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 28,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.2% Nationality: noun-Monacan(s) or Mone- gasque(s); adjective-Monacan or Monegasque Ethnic divisions: 58% French, 19% Mone- gasque, 17% Italian, 6% unspecified Language: French (official), English, Italian, Monegarque Government Official name: Principality of Monaco Political subdivisions:1 commune composed of 4 communal sectors Legal system: based on French law; new con- stitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative branch is composed of the Prince and National Council of 18 mem- bers; executive consists of the Prince as Chief of State, the Minister of State as Head of Gov- ernment (senior French civil servant appointed by Prince), and the Council of Government as Cabinet; judicial authority is delegated by the Prince to the Supreme Tri- bunal Government leader: Prince RAINIER III, Chief of State (since November 1949) Elections: National Council every five years; national election held January 1983; munici- pal election held February 1983 Political parties and leaders: National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM) Voting strength: (1978) National Council UND 18 seats Member of. IAEA, ICAO, IHO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, UN (permanent ob- server), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO Economy GNP: 55% tourism; 25-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10-15% reg- istration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino Major industries: chemicals, food process- ing, precision instruments, glass making, printing Electric power: 8,000 kW (standby) capacity (1983); power supplied by France (1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through custom union with France Monetary conversion rate: 8.40 French francs=US$1 (4 January 1984) Communications Railroads: 1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge Highways: none; city streets Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable airfield with permanent- surface runways Telecommunications: served by the French communications system; automatic tele- phone system with about 45,000 telephones (160.7 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 4 TV stations Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of France Mongolia Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 3 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar, Darhan, and Erdenet) Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal educa- tion at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: People's Revolution Day, 11 July Land 1,564,619 km2; more than twice the size of Texas; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert waste, varying in usefulness; 10% for- est; less than 1 % arable People Population: 1,912,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Mongolian(s); adjec- tive-Mongolian Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime Language: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the adult population is in the labor force, in- cluding a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable informa- tion available) Government Official name: Mongolian People's Republic Branches: executive-Council of Ministers; legislative-unicameral People's Great Hural; judicial-court system; Supreme Court elected by People's Great Hural Government leaders: Jambyn BATMONH, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural (since December 1984); Dumaagiyn SODNOM, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (since December 1984) Elections: legislative election theoretically held every four years; last election held June 1981 Political party and leader: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Jambyn Batmonh, General Secretary (since August 1984) Communists: estimated MPRP member- ship, 81,000 (1984) Member of CEMA, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: $1.20 billion (1976 est.); average annual real growth, 1.6% (1970-77) Agriculture: livestock raising predominates; main crops-wheat, oats, barley Major industries: processing of animal prod- ucts; building materials; mining Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Mongolia (continued) Electric power: 557,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.885 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,000 kWh per capita Exports: livestock, animal products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals Imports: machinery and equipment, petro- leum, clothing, building materials, sugar, tea, chemicals Major trade partners: nearly all trade with Communist countries (approx. 80% with USSR); total turnover about $1.0 billion (1977) Monetary conversion rate: 3.3555 tugriks=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,600 km (1981); all 1.524-meter broad gauge Highways: 46,700 km total; 700 km hard sur- face; 46,000 km other surfaces (1981) Inland waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1981) Freight carried: rail-10.7 million metric tons, 3,609 million metric ton/km (1981); highway-27.8 million metric tons, 1,624 million metric ton/km (1981); waterway- 0.04 million metric tons, 4.7 million metric ton/km (1981) Defense Forces Branches: Mongolian People's Army, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 438,000; 286,000 fit for military service; 20,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: military equipment supplied by USSR Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, 405 million tugriks, 12% of total budget Organized labor: about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) and the Democratic Confederation of Labor (CDT) Land 446,550 km2; larger than California; 51% desert, waste, or urban; about 32% arable and grazing; 17% forest and esparto grass Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 24,258,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.9% Nationality: noun-Moroccan(s); adjec- tive-Moroccan Ethnic divisions: 99.1% Arab-Berber, 0.7% non-Moroccan, 0.2% Jewish Religion: 98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much busi- ness, government, diplomacy, and postprimary education Labor force: 6.1 million (1982 est.); 50% agri- culture, 26% services, 15% industry, 9% other; at least 20% of urban labor unem- ployed Government Official name: Kingdom of Morocco Type: constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1972) Political subdivisions: 39 provinces (includ- ing 4 in Western Sahara) and 2 prefectures (Rabat-Sale and Casablanca, which consists of 5 divisions) NOTE: Morocco acquired administrative control in 1976 over the northern two-thirds of the former Spanish Sahara under an agree- ment with Mauritania, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be de- termined. Spain's role as coadministrator of the disputed territory ended in February 1976. Morocco moved to occupy and assert administrative control over the former Mauritanian-claimed (southern) sector of Western Sahara in August 1979, thereby establishing a fourth additional province in the Sahara. Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V Uni- versity in Rabat and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes National holiday: Independence Day, 18 November Branches: constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and respon- sible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral legislature (Chamber of Representatives), of which two-thirds are di- rectly elected and one-third are indirectly elected; judiciary independent of other branches Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government leaders: HASSAN II, King (since March 1961); Mohamed KARIM- LAMRANI, Prime Minister(since November 1983) Suffrage: universal over age 20 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; main products-wheat, barley, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; some fishing Fishing: catch 320,000 metric tons (1983); ex- ports $165 million (1983) Airfields: 74 total, 70 usable; 26 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 28 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Elections: provincial elections held 10 June 1983; elections for National Assembly held 14 September 1984 Political parties and leaders: Morocco has 14 political parties; the major ones are as fol- lows-Istiqlal Party, M'Hamed Boucetta; Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), Abderrahim Bouabid; Popular Movement (MP), Mahjoubi Aherdan; National Assembly of Independents (RNI) formed in October 1978 is progovernment grouping of previ- ously unaffiliated deputies in parliament, Ahmed Osman; National Democratic Party (PND), a splinter group from the RNI formed July 1981, Mohamed Arsalane El-Jadidi; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), legal- ized in August 1974, is front for Moroccan Communist Party (PCM), which was pro- scribed in 1959, Ali Yata; new promonarchy party-The Constitutional Union (UC), Maati Bouabid Voting strength: progovernment parties hold absolute majority in Chamber of Repre- sentatives; with palace-oriented Popular Movement deputies, the King controls over two-thirds of the seats Member of. AfDB, Arab League, EC (asso- ciate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $11.9 billion (1984 est.), about $500 per capita; average annual real growth 6-7% dur- ing 1973-77, 3-4% during 1978-80, 2.0% in 1984 (est. ) Major sectors: mining and mineral process- ing (phosphates, smaller quantities of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and other minerals), food processing, textiles, construction and tourism Electric power: 2,100,000 kW capacity (1984); 6.438 billion kWh produced (1984), 273 kWh per capita Exports: $2.10 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); 38% phosphates, 62% other Imports: $3.40 billion (f.o.b., 1984 est.); 29% petroleum products, 18% foodstuffs, 18% capital goods Major trade partners: France, FRG, Italy, Saudi Arabia Budget: (1984 est.) revenues, $4.5 billion; current expenditures, $3.6 billion; develop- ment expenditures, $2.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 8.9 dirhams=US$1 (average 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,756 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 161 km double track; 708 km electri- fied Highways: 55,970 km total; 24,700 km bitu- minous treated, 4,000 km gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 27,270 km unim- proved earth Pipelines: 362 km crude oil; 491 km (aban- doned) refined products; 241 km natural gas Ports: 10 major (including Spanish-con- trolled Ceuta and Melilla), 14 minor Telecommunications: good system com- posed of wire lines, cables, and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Ra- bat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier and Tetouan; 241,100 tele- phones (1.2 per 100 pop].); 14 AM, 6 FM, 47 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; radio-relay to Gibral- tar, Spain, and Western Saraha; coaxial cable to Algeria Defense Forces Branches: Royal Moroccan Army, Royal Mo- roccan Navy, Royal Moroccan Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,352,000; 3,306,000 fit for military service; 262,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited con- scription Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Mozambique Land 783,030 km2; larger than Texas; 56% wood and forest; 30% arable, of which 1% culti- vated; 14% waste and inland water Political subdivisions: 10 provinces subdi- vided into 112 districts; administrators are appointed by central government Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June Branch: unicameral legislature (People's As- sembly) Government leader: Samora Moises MACHEL, President (since June 1975) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: information not available on fu- ture election schedule paints); petroleum products; beverages; tex- tiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos, cement products); tobacco Electric power: 2,200,000 kW capacity (1984); 9.636 billion kWh produced (1984), 718 kWh per capita Major trade partners: Portugal, South Af- rica, US, UK, FRG Budget: (1982) current expenditures, $500 million; revenues, $600 million Monetary conversion rate: 43.39 meticais=US$1 (10 October 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,436 km total; 3,288 km 1.067- meter gauge; 148 km 0.750-meter narrow gauge Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 13,776,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun-Mozambican(s); adjec- tive-Mozambican Ethnic divisions: majority from indigenous tribal groups; approximately 10,000 Europe- ans, 35,000 Euro-Africans, 15,000 Indians Religion: 60% indigenous beliefs, 30% Chris- tian, 10% Muslim Language: Portuguese (official); many indig- enous dialects Government Official name: People's Republic of Mozam- bique Type: people's republic Political parties and leaders: the Mozam- bique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party Communists: FRELIMO is a Marxist orga- nization and maintains close ties to the Soviet Union and its allies but has recently taken steps to improve relations with the West and neighboring South Africa Member of. AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GNP: $2 billion (1983 est.), about $150 per capita; average annual growth rate -1% (1971-81) Agriculture: cash crops-raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal; other crops- corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sor- ghum, cassava; imports corn and wheat Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, Highways: 26,498 km total; 4,593 km paved; 829 km gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil; 21,076 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: approx. 3,750 km of navi- gable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 306 km (not operating); refined products, 280 km Ports: 3 major (Maputo, Beira, Nacala), 2 sig- nificant minor Airfields: 255 total, 216 usable; 29 with per- manent surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 32 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and radio re- lay; 57,400 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 9 AM, 3 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Defense Forces Branches: Mozambique Armed Forces (in- cluding Army, Border Guard, Naval Command, Air Force) Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,030,000; 1,791,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from the USSR and China, and to a lesser extent from other Communist countries and Portugal Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $177.4 million; 29.0% of central government budget Namibia (South-West Africa) Boundary representation s not n-essa,dy anmomatlve. Land 824,296 km2; twice the size of California; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) People Population: 1,108,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.0% Nationality: noun-Namibian(s); adjec- tive-Namibian Ethnic divisions: 85.6% black, 7.5% white, 6.9% mixed; approximately half the Africans belong to Owambo tribe Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either Christian or indigenous be- liefs Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 60% of white population, German of 33%, and English of 7% (all official); several indigenous languages Literacy: 100% whites, 28% nonwhites 161 Labor force: about 500,000 (1981); 60% agri- culture, 19% industry and commerce, 8% services, 7% government, 6% mining Organized labor: 6 trade unions, member- ship almost exclusively white and mulatto Government Official name: Namibia Type: former German colony of South-West Africa mandated to South Africa by League of Nations in 1920; UN formally ended South Africa's mandate on 27 October 1966, but South Africa has retained administrative control Political subdivisions: 10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open to white settlement with administrative subdi- visions similar to a province of South Africa Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law Branches: since September 1977 Adminis- trator General, appointed by South African Government, has exercised coordinative functions over zone of white settlement and tribal homelands, where traditional chiefs and representative bodies exercise limited autonomy; Namibian National Assembly ter- minated February 1983; no elections scheduled Government leader: Willem VAN NIEKERK, Administrator General (since February 1983) Suffrage: universal white adult suffrage at territorial level; lower level elections open to blacks Elections: election of Namibian National As- sembly, December 1978 Political parties and leaders: approximately 45 political parties; the major white parties include Action Front for the Preservation of the Turnhalle Principles (AKTUR), also known as the National Party of South-West Africa, Kosie Pretorius; Federal Party, Bryan Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Namibia (continued) O'Linn; Republican Party, Dirk Mudge; many of the nonwhite parties belong to the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), a multiethnic alliance of traditional tribal lead- ers and the white Republican Party, which is favored in South Africa; the other multieth- nic alliance, the largely moribund Namibian National Front (NNF), consists of the white Federal Party and various nonwhite groups opposed to the homeland system, each of which operates independently; Christian Democratic Action Party, a primarily Owambo party formed in early 1982 as a re- sult of a split in the DTA, Peter Kalangula Voting strength: (1978 election) Namibian National Assembly-DTA, 41 seats; AKTUR, 6 seats; 3 minuscule parties, 1 seat each; NNF and SWAPO boycotted elections; 15 additional, appointed seats have not been filled; Assembly prorogued in January 1983 Communists: no Communist Party; SWAPO guerrilla force is supported by USSR, Cuba, and other Communist states as well as OAU Other political or pressure groups: South- West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), led by Sam Nujoma, maintains a foreign-based guerrilla movement; is pre- dominantly Ovambo but has some influence among other tribes; is the only Namibian group recognized by the UN General Assem- bly and the Organization of African Unity Member of. FAO, ILO, UNESCO, WFTU, WHO Economy GDP: $1.5 billion (1983 est.); annual real growth, -7% (1983) Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predominates; subsistence crops (mil- let, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised but most food must be imported Fishing: est. catch 202,000 metric tons (1982); down by more than a third since 1979; processed mostly in South African enclave of Walvis Bay Major industries: (nearly all for export) meatpacking, fish processing, copper, lead, zinc, diamond, and uranium mining, dairy products Electric power: 400,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.261 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,170 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African rand=US$.47 (as of 30 December 1984); 2.1 SA rands=US$1 Communications Railroads: 2,340 km 1.067-meter gauge, sin- gle track Highways: 54,500 km; 4,079 km paved, 2,540 gravel, remainder earth roads and tracks Airfields: 134 total, 123 usable; 21 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 55 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good urban, fair rural services; radio relay connects major towns, wires extend to other population centers; 57,400 telephones (6.0 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 13 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa; however, a Southwest African Terri- tory Force was established 1 August 1980 (includes an air element) Military manpower: males 15-49, about 248,000; about 148,000 fit for military ser- vice Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $128.3; 8% of central govern- ment budget Land 20.7 km2; less than one-eighth the size of Washington, D.C.; insignificant arable land, no urban areas, extensive phosphate mines Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 8,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun-Nauruan(s); adjective- Nauruan Ethnic divisions: 58% Nauruan, 26% other Pacific Islander, 8% Chinese, 8% European Religion: Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Catholic) Language: Nauruan, a distinct Pacific Island language (official); English widely under- stood and spoken Government Official name: Republic of Nauru Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Yaren District Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communications Railroads: none Nepal National holidays: Independence Day, 31 January; Constitution Day, 17 May; Angram Day, 26 October Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly elected 18-member unicameral legislature (Parliament); Cabinet to assist the President, four members, appointed by President from Parliament members Government leader: Hammer DEROBURT, President (since May 1978) Political parties and leaders: governing fac- tion, President DeRoburt; opposition Nauru Party, Lagumot Harris Member of. Commonwealth (special mem- ber), ESCAP, ICAO, INTERPOL, ITU, South Pacific Commission, UPU Economy GNP: over $155.4 million (1981), $21,400 per capita Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food and water Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year Electric power: 13,000 kW capacity (1984); 48 million kWh produced (1984), 6,000 kWh per capita Exports: $75 million (f.o.b., 1979) Imports: $11 million (c.i.f., 1979); food, fuel, water Major trade partners: exports-75% Austra- lia and New Zealand; imports-Australia, UK, New Zealand, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1.0778 Australian dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Highways: about 27 km total; 21 km paved, 6 km improved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft, one on order Airfields: 1 usable with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate intraisland and international radio communications pro- vided via Australian facilities; 1,500 telephones (20.8 per 100 popl.); 3,600 radio receivers, 1 AM, no FM or TV stations; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces No formal defense structure and no regular armed forces Military manpower: males 15-49, about 1,800; fit for military service, about 1,000; about 100 reach military age (18) annually Land 140,791 km2; the size of North Carolina; 38% alpine land (nonarable), waste, or urban; 32% forest; 16% agricultural; 14% permanent meadow and pasture People Population: 16,996,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Nepalese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Nepalese Ethnic divisions: Newars, Indians, Tibetans, Gurungs, Magars, Tamangs, Bhotias, Rais, Limbus, Sherpas, as well as many smaller groups Religion: only official Hindu kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu (about 88%) and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Chris- tians Language: Nepali (official); 20 mutually un- intelligible languages divided into numerous dialects Labor force: 4.1 million; 93% agriculture, 5% services, 2% industry; great lack of skilled labor Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Nepal (continued) Government Official name: Kingdom of Nepal Type: nominally a constitutional monarchy; King Birendra exercises autocratic control over multitiered panchayat system of gov- ernment Capital: Kathmandu Other political or pressure groups: numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capi- tal; Indian merchants in Terai and capital Member of. ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, W TO Highways: 4,136 km total; 1,751 km paved, 556 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,829 km im- proved and unimproved earth; additionally 322 km of seasonally motorable tracks Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 39 total, 38 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Birthday of the King and National Day, 28 December Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; Rastriya Panchayat (National As- sembly; 112 directly elected, 28 appointed by King) Government leaders: BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King (since 1973); Lokendra Bahadur CHAND, Prime Minister (since July 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: village, town, and district councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage; a constitutional amendment in 1980 provided for direct elections to the National Pancha- yat, which consists of 140 members (including 28 appointed by the King), who serve five-year terms; Nepal's first general election in 22 years was held in May 1981 Political parties and leaders: all political par- ties outlawed but operate more or less openly; Nepali Congress Party (NCP), Ganesh Man Singh, K. P. Bhattarai, G. P. Koirala Communists: Communist Party of Nepal (CPN), B. B. Manandhar; two wings of CPN are Communist Party of Nepal/Left (CPN/L), Man Mohan Adhikari, Pushpa Lal Shrestha, and Communist Party of Nepal/Right (CPN/R), Dr. Keshar Jung Rayamajhi; these wings are each split into several factions Economy GDP: $2.4 billion (FY83/84 current prices), $152 per capita; 9.1% real growth in FY83/84 (est.) Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agriculture; main crops-rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette, and brick fac- tories Electric power: 160,000 kW capacity (1984); 395 million kWh produced (1984), 24 kWh per capita Exports: $79.2 million (FY82/83 est.); rice and other food products, jute, timber, manu- factured goods Imports: $431.8 million (FY82/83); manu- factured consumer goods, fuel, construction materials, fertilizers, food products Major trade partner: India Budget: (FY83/84 revised est.) domestic rev- enues, $211.2 million; expenditures, $438.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 17.50 Nepalese rupees=US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: 15 July-14 July Communications Railroads: 63 km (1977), all 0.762-meter nar- row gauge; all in Terai close to Indian border; 10 km from Raxaul to Biranj is government owned Telecommunications: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiocommunication and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor; 10,000 telephones (less than 0.1 per 100 pop].); 3 AM, no FM or TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal Nepal Army, Royal Nepa- lese Army Air Service, Nepalese Police Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,084,000; 2,062,000 fit for military service; 191,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 15 July 1984, $51.1 million; 8.4% of central gov- ernment budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 (PPR), Herman Verbeek; Democratic Social- ist 70 (DS'70), Z. Hartog; Rightist Peoples Party (RVP), Hendrik Koekoek; Reformed Political Federation (RPF), P. Lamgeler; Center Party (CP), H. Janmatt; Evangelical People's Party (EVP), J. Renes Land 40,844 km2; the size of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island combined; 70% cultivated, 8% forest, 8% inland water, 5% waste, 9% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 14,467,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.4% Nationality: noun-Netherlander(s); adjec- tive-Netherlands Ethnic divisions: 99% Dutch, 1% Indonesian and other Religion: 40% Roman Catholic, 31 % Protes- tant, 24% unaffiliated Labor force: 4.9 million (1981); 30% manu- facturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, 10% agriculture, 9% construction, 7% transporta- tion and communications, 4% other; 11.3% unemployment, September 1982 Government Official name: Kingdom of the Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam, but government resides at The Hague Political subdivisions: 11 provinces and 4 special municipalities governed by centrally appointed commissioners of Queen Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution of 1815 frequently amended, reissued 1947; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order than Acts of Parliament; legal education at six law schools; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive (Queen and Cabinet of Ministers), which is responsible to bicameral parliament (States General) consisting of a First Chamber (75 indirectly elected mem- bers) and a Second Chamber (150 directly elected members); independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leaders: BEATRIX Wilhel- mina Armgard, Queen (since April 1980); Ruud LUBBERS, Prime Minister (since No- vember 1982) Elections: must be held at least every four years for lower house(most recent held 8 Sep- tember 1982); following an amendment to the constitution that took effect in 1983, elec- tions are held for the upper house every four years (most recent August 1983) Political parties and leaders: Christian Dem- ocratic Appeal (CDA), Chairman Pieter Bukman; Labor (PvdA), Max van den Berg; Liberal (VVD), Jan Kamminga; Democrats 66 (D'66), Jacob Kohnstamm; Communist (CPN), Henk Hoekstra; Pacifist Socialist (PSP), Bram van der Lek; Political Reformed (SGP), Hette G. Abma; Reformed Political Union (GPV), Jan van der Jagt; Radical Party Voting strength: (1982 election) 30.8% PvdA (47 seats), 29.3% CDA (45 seats), 23% VVD (36 seats), 4.3% D'66 (6 seats), 2.3% PSP (3 seats), 1.9% SGP (3 seats), 1.8% CPN (3 seats), 1.7% PPR (2 seats), 1.3% RDF (2 seats), 0.8% GPF (1 seat), 0.8% CP (1 seat); 0.7% EVP (I seat); two members of the CDA were ex- pelled from the party in 1984, and they are now serving as independents Communists: CPN claims about 27,000 members Other political or pressure groups: large multinational firms; Federation of Nether- lands Trade Union Movement (comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions) and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catho- lic and Protestant Employers Associations; the nondenominational Federation of Neth- erlands Enter prises; and IKV-Interchurch Peace Council Member of: ADB, Benelux, Council of Eu- rope, DAC, EC, ECE, EIB, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INRO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council (with respect to interests of the Netherlands Antilles and Suri- name), NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $131 billion (1983), $9,120 per capita; 61.1% consumption, 18.5% investment, 17.7% government, -.4% inventories, 3.1% net foreign demand, 0.8% real GNP growth (1983) Agriculture: animal husbandry predomi- nates; main crops-horticultural crops, Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Netherlands (continued) grains, potatoes, sugar beets; food short- ages-grains, fats, oils Fishing: catch 328,000 metric tons (1983); ex- ports of fish and fish products, $416.1 million (1982); imports, $150.2 million (1982) Major industries: food processing, metal and engineering products, electrical and elec- tronic machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, natural gas Shortages: crude petroleum, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp, pulpwood, lumber, feedgrains, oilseeds Crude steel: 8.6 million metric ton capacity (1981); 8.2 million metric tons produced, 586 kg per capita (1983) Electric power: 19,546,000 kW capacity (1984); 61.354 billion kWh produced (1984), 4,250 kWh per capita Exports: $71.6 billion (f.o.b., 1983); food- stuffs, machinery, chemicals, petroleum products, natural gas, textiles Imports: $67.8 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, transportation equipment, crude petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp Major trade partners: (1983) exports-71.3% EC (13.6% Belgium-Luxembourg, 10.3% France, 9.0% UK), 4.2% US, 1.9% Commu- nist; imports-53.2% EC (22.0% FRG, 10.7% Belgium-Luxembourg, 8.7% UK), 9.1% US, 5.8% Communist Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ted (ODA and OOF), $10.5 billion (1970-81) Budget: (1984 est.) revenues, $38.5 billion; expenditures, $47.6 billion; deficit, $9.2 bil- lion, at exchange rate of 3.4160 guilders= US$1 (October 1984); (1983 est.) revenues, $43.1 billion; expenditures, $53.9 billion; def- icit, $10.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.4160 guilders=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,016 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 2,850 km government owned (NS), 1,799 km electrified, 1,800 km double track; 166 km privately owned Highways: 108,360 km total; 92,525 km paved (including 2,185 km of limited access, divided highways); 15,835 km gravel, crushed stone Inland waterways: 6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 900 metric ton capacity or larger Pipelines: 418 km crude oil; 965 km refined products; 10,230 km natural gas Airfields: 29 total, 28 usable; 19 with perma- nent-surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed, well maintained, and integrated; extensive system of multiconductor cables, supple- mented by radio-relay links; 8.03 million telephones (56.0 per 100 popl.); 7 AM, 33 FM, 29 TV stations; 9 submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean antennas Defense Forces Branches: Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy/Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,985,000; 3,381,000 fit for military service; 131,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $4.3 billion; about 9.4% of central government budget Aruba Islands not shown in true geographical position Sint Maarten Philipsburg Saba Sint Eustatiu Curacao WILLEMSTAD Bonaire Land 1,821 kmz; more than one and one-half times the size of New York City; 95% waste, urban, or other; 5% arable Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm, fishing 200 nm People Population: 256,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.2% Nationality: noun-Netherlands Antille- an(s); adjective-Netherlands Antillean Ethnic divisions: 85% mixed African; re- mainder Carib Indian, European, Latin, and Oriental Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; Protestant, Jewish, Adventist Language: Dutch (official); Papiamento, a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predominates; English widely spoken; Spanish Labor force: 89,000 (1983); 65% government, 28% industry and commerce, 1.5% agricul- ture; unemployment about 16% on Curacao and about 10% on Aruba (1984 est.) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: Netherlands Antilles Type: autonomous territory within Kingdom of the Netherlands, enjoying complete do- mestic autonomy Capital: Willemstad, Curacao Political subdivisions: four island territo- ries-Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and the Windward Islands-St. Eustatius, southern part of St. Martin (northern part is French), Saba Legal system: based on Dutch civil law sys- tem, with some English common law influence; constitution adopted 1954 Branches: federal executive power rests nominally with Governor (appointed by the Crown), actual power exercised by eight- member Council of Ministers or cabinet presided over by Minister-President; legisla- tive power rests with 22-member Legislative Council; independent court system under control of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Justice (administrative functions under Min- ister of justice); each island territory has island council headed by Lieutenant Gover- nor Government leaders: Maria LIBERIA- PETERS, Prime Minister (since September 1984); Dr. Rene ROMER, Governor (since 1983) Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: federal elections mandatorily held every four years, last regular held 25 June 1982; island council elections every four years, last held 25 April 1983 Aruba: People's Electoral Movement (MEP), G. F. "Betico" Croes; Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), Benny Nisbet; Aruban People's Party (AVP), Henny Eman; Democratic Party of Aruba (PDA), Dr. Leo Berlinski Bonaire: Union Party of Bonaire (UPB), Charles E. R. Ellis; Democratic Party of Bon- aire, Jopie Abraham; New Democratic Action (ADEN) Windward Islands: Windward Islands Dem- ocratic Party (DPWI), Leo Chance and Claude Wathey; United Federation of Antil- lean Workers (UFA); Windward Islands People's Movement (WIPM); and others Voting strength: in June 1984 the govern- ment of Prime Minister Don Martina lost its majority in the Legislative Council; an in- terim coalition government was appointed by the Governor; the coalition controls 15 of 22 seats in the Council and consists of mem- bers of the PNP, DP, MEP, DPWI, and UPB parties Communists: small leftist groups Member of. EC (associate), INTERPOL; as- sociated with UN through the Netherlands; UPU, WMO Economy GNP: $131.6 billion (1983), $9,140 per cap- ita; real growth rate, 7.0% (1978) Major industries: petroleum refining on Cu- racao and Aruba; petroleum transshipment facilities on Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire; tourism on Curacao, Aruba, and St. Martin; light manufacturing on Curacao and Aruba Electric power: 433,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.517 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,000 kWh per capita Major trade partners: exports-46% US, 2% Canada, 1% Netherlands; imports-35% Venezuela, 11% US, 4% Netherlands (1977) Aid: bilateral ODA and OOF commitments (1970-79), economic-Western (non-US) countries $353 million Budget: (1982) public sector revenues, $373 million; public sector expenditures, $378 mil- lion Monetary conversion rate: 1.8 Netherlands Antillean florins (NAF)=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 950 km total; 300 km paved, 650 km gravel and earth Ports: 5 major (Willemstad, Oranjestad, St. Nicolaas, Philipsburg, Caracabaai); 6 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: generally adequate telecom facilities; extensive interisland ra- dio-relay links; 56,000 telephones (21.1 per 100 pop].); 11 AM, 3 FM, 4 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations Political parties and leaders: political parties are indigenous to each island: Curaqao: Movement for a New Antilles (MAN), Domenico Felip Martina; Demo- cratic Party (DP), Augustin Diaz; People's National Party (PNP), Maria Liberia-Peters; Frente Obrero de Liberacion (FOL), Wilson "Papa" Godett; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Efraim Cintje Exports: $6.0 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 96% petro- leum products, phosphate Imports: $5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 64% crude petroleum, food, manufactures Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of the Netherlands Military manpower: males 15-49, 63,000; 36,000 fit for military service; about 2,600 reach military age (20) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Q he des Pins Economy GNP: $637 million (1979), $4,000 per capita; 1.0% growth (1977) Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; major products-coffee, maize, wheat, vegetables; 60% self-sufficient in beef Electric power: 390,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.1 billion kWh produced (1984), 14,189 kWh per capita Government Official name: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by two deputies and one senator Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group dependencies-Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledo- nia Land 22,139 km'; larger than Massachusetts; 22% pasture, 15% forest, 6% arable, 57% waste or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm) People Population: 153,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.7% Nationality: noun-New Caledonian(s); ad- jective-New Caledonian Ethnic divisions: Melanesian 42.5%, Euro- pean 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6% Religion: over 60% Roman Catholic, 30% Protestant Language: French; Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Labor force: 50,469 (1980 est.); Javanese and Tonkinese laborers were imported for plan- tations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia; est. 8% unemployment Branches: administered by High Commis- sioner, responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and Council of Govern- ment; 42-seat Territorial Assembly Government leader: Edgard PISANI, French High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government (since December 1984); KANAK Provisional Government- Jean-Marie Tjibaou, President (since Decem- ber 1984) Elections: Assembly elections every five years, last in November 1984 Political parties: white-dominated Rassemblement pour la Caledonie dans la Republique (RPCR)-Conservative; Mela- nesian proindependence Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS); Mela- nesian moderate Kanak Socialist Liberation (LKS) Voting strength: (1984 election) Territorial Assembly-RPCR, 34 seats; LKS, 6 seats; splinter groups, 2 seats; FLNKS boycotted the election Communists: number unknown; Palita ex- treme left party; some politically active Communists deported during 1950s; small number of North Vietnamese Exports: $257.4 million (f.o.b., 1980); 95% nickel metal (95%), nickel ore Imports: $318.2 million (c.i.f., 1980); fuels and minerals, machines and electrical equip- ment Major trade partners: (1980) exports-54.9% France; imports-32.5% France Budget: (1981) revenues, $187.1 million; ex- penditures, $168.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 127.05 francs CFP=US$1(December 1982) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 5,399 km total (1979); 558 km paved, 2,251 km improved earth, 2,639 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 major (Noumea), 21 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 31 total, 30 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways;1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 23,000 telephones (17 per 100 pop].); 5 AM, no FM, 7 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Chatham Di Islands Land 268,676 km2; the size of Colorado; 50% pas- ture; 16% forest; 10% park and reserve; 3% cultivated; 1% urban; 20% waste, water, or other; 4 principal islands, 2 minor inhabited islands, several minor uninhabited islands Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 3,295,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.4% Nationality: noun-New Zealander(s); ad- jective-New Zealand Ethnic divisions: 87% European, 9% Maori, 2% Pacific Islander, 2% other Religion: 81% Christian, 18% none or un- specified, 1% Hindu, Confucian, and other Language: English (official), Maori Labor force: 1,325,000 (1981); 29.9% manu- facturing, mining, and construction; 24.2% commerce and finance; 21.2% services; 10.7% agriculture; 8.3% transportation and communications; 2% other; unemployment 3.7% (February 1981) Government Official name: New Zealand Type: independent state within Common- wealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Political subdivisions: 239 territorial units (boroughs, counties, town and district coun- cils); 657 special-purpose bodies Legal system: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; constitution consists of various docu- ments, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments; legal education at Victoria, Auckland, Canterbury, and Otago Universities; accepts compulsory ICJ juris- diction, with reservations National holiday: Waitangi Day, 6 February Branches: unicameral legislature (92-mem- ber House of Representatives, commonly called Parliament); Cabinet responsible to Parliament; three-level court system (magis- trates, courts, Supreme Court, and Court of Appeal) Government leader: David LANGE, Prime Minister (since July 1984) Elections: held at three-year intervals or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election July 1984 Political parties and leaders: New Zealand Labor Party (NZLP; government), David Lange; National Party (NP; opposition), Jim McLay; Social Credit Political League (Socred), Bruce Beetham; New Zealand Party, Bob Jones; Socialist Unity Party (SUP; pro-Soviet), G. H. "Bill" Andersen Voting strength: (1981 election) Parlia- ment-National Party, 47 seats; Labor Party, 43 seats; Social Credit, 2 seats Communists: CPNZ about 300, SUP about 100 Member of: ADB, ANZUS, ASPAC, Co- lombo Plan, Commonwealth of Nations, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $16.2 billion (year ending March 1984), $5,063 per capita; real average annual growth (1974-84), 1.1% Agriculture: fodder and silage crops, about one-half of area planted in field crops; main products-wool, meat, dairy products; food surplus country Fishing: catch 116,000 metric tons (1982); ex- ports-80,000 metric tons valued at $110 million (1982) Major industries: food processing, textile production, machinery, transport equip- ment, wood and paper products Electric power: 7,300,000 kW capacity (1984); 27.08 billion kWh produced (1984), 8,330 kWh per capita Exports: $5.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products-beef, wool, dairy Imports: $5.3 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal products-petroleum, cars, trucks, iron and steel, petroleum products Major trade partners: (trade year 1982/83) exports-15% Japan, 15% Australia, 14% US, 11% UK; imports-21% Japan, 20% Austra- lia, 15% US, 4% FRG Aid: bilateral economic aid commitments (ODA and OOF), $338 million (1970-82) Budget: (1984/85) expenditures, $7.3 billion; receipts, $6.0 billion; deficit, $1.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: NZ$2.13=US$1 (8 January 1985) , South Pacific Ocean North Island Aucklan I ELLINGTON South Island Dunedin ntlaconu.en Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 New Zealand (continued) Communications Railroads: 4,716 km total (1980); all 1.067- meter gauge; 274 km double track; 113 km electrified; over 99% government owned Highways: 93,137 km total (December 1980); 47,236 km paved, 45,901 km gravel or crushed stone inland waterways: 1,609 km; of little impor- tance to transportation Pipelines: natural gas, 1,000 km; refined products, 160 km; condensate, 150 km Civil air: about 40 major transport aircraft Airfields: 205 total, 197 usable; 26 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 50 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent interna- tional and domestic systems; 1.7 million telephones (55 per 100 popl.); 64 AM, no FM, 14 TV stations, and 129 repeaters; submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji Islands; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Royal New Zealand Air Force, Royal New Zealand Navy, New Zealand Army Military manpower: males 15-49, 878,000; 631,000 fit for military service; about 30,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1985, $300 million; about 4.8% of cen- tral government budget Nicaragua Organized labor: 35% of Nicaragua's labor force is organized; of the seven confedera- tions, five are Sandinista or Marxist oriented-the government-sponsored Sandi- nista Workers' Central (CST), 115,000 members, including state-and municipal em- ployees; the Association of Campesino Workers (ATC), 130,000 members; the Gen- eral Confederation of Independent Workers (CGI-I), approximately 15,000 members; the Workers Front, about 100 members; and the Central for Labor Action and Unity (CAUS), about 3,000 members; the other two unions are the Nicaraguan Workers' Central (CTN), 25,000 members, and the Confederation of Labor Unification (CUS), 50,000 members Land 130,000 km'; about the size of Iowa; 50% for- est; 7% arable; 7% prairie and pasture; 36% urban, waste, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (fishing, 200 nm; continental shelf, in- cluding sovereignty over superjacent waters) People Population: 3,038,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.5% Nationality: noun-Nicaraguan(s); adjec- tive-Nicaraguan Ethnic divisions: 69% mestizo, 17% white, 9% black, 5% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish (official); English- and Indian-speaking minorities on Atlantic coast Labor force: 969,000(1983 est.); 40% agricul- ture, 34% service, 26% industry, 3% construction, 5% other; 25% unemployment Government Official name: Republic of Nicaragua Political subdivisions: one national district and 16 departments; in 1982 the Sandinistas established six regions and three special zones, which both the government and the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) increasingly use for administrative purposes Legal system: the Sandinista-appointed Gov- ernment of National Reconstruction revoked the constitution of 1974 and issued a Funda- mental Statute and a Program of the Government of National Reconstruction to guide its actions until a new constitution is drafted by the recently elected National As- sembly National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September; Anniversary of the Revolution, 19 July Branches: executive and administrative responsibility formally reside in the Presi- dent, Vice President, and Cabinet; in reality, the nine-member National Directorate of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) shares power with and dominates the execu- tive; National Assembly was elected in November 1984 and inaugurated in January Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 1985 with the mandate to draft a new con- stitution; the country's highest judicial authority is the Sandinista-appointed Su- preme Court, comprised of seven members Government leaders: Cdte. (Jose) Daniel OR- TEGA Saavedra, President (since 10 January 1985); Sergio RAMIREZ Mercado, Vice Pres- ident (since 10 January 1985) Elections: national elections were held on 4 November 1984 for president, vice president, and a 96-member National Assembly Political parties and leaders: the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) is the rul- ing party and dominates political life; all political parties except those favoring a re- turn to Somozaism are permitted to function; only the Liberal Party, because of its ties to the Somoza family, has been specifically banned; the government prohibited most po- litical activities by opposition parties under the state of emergency in March 1982 but relaxed some restrictions during the election campaign; nevertheless, some opposition parties boycotted the elections on the grounds that the regime had not provided them with sufficient political guarantees and was still restricting their freedoms; the demo- cratic opposition parties include the Social Democratic Party (PSD), Luis Rivas Leiva; the Social Christian Party (PSC), Agustin Jarquin; the Democratic Conservative Party of Nicaragua (PCDN), Mario Rappaccioli; the Constitutionalist Liberal Party (PLC), Alfredo Reyes Duque Estrada; the Indepen- dent Liberal Party (PLI), Virgilio Godoy; the Popular Social Christian Party (PPSC), Mauricio Diaz; and the Democratic Conser- vative Party (PCD), Enrique Sotelo; the PSD, PSC, PCDN and PLC, as well as opposition business and union organizations form the Democratic Coordinating Board-Eduardo Rivas Gasteazoro, president; the PPSC and PCD have been Sandinista allies but fielded their own candidates in the elections; the PLI was allied with the Sandinistas from 1980 to early 1984 but has become increasingly criti- cal of the regime Communist party; the Communist Party of Nicaragua (PCdeN), Eli Altamirano Perez, is an ultraleft breakaway faction from the PSN; and the Popular Action Movement-Marx- ist-Leninist (MAP-ML), Isidro Tellez; all three are Sandinista allies but fielded their own candidates in the elections; the PCdeN and MAP-ML have criticized the Sandinistas for moving too slowly toward consolidation of a Marxist-Leninist regime; the small Revo- lutionary Workers Party was granted legal status in late 1984 but did not participate in the election Other political or pressure groups: the Supe- rior Council of Private Enterprise (COSEP) is an umbrella group comprising 11 different chambers of associations, including such groups as the Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Industry, and the Nicaraguan Development Institute (INDE) Member of. CACM, CEMA (observer), FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITU, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line), OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $3.3 billion (1984), $1,132 per capita; real growth rate 1984, -5% (Note: conver- sion from national currency made at the highly overvalued official exchange rate) Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, beans, cattle Major industries: food processing, chemi- cals, metal products, textiles and clothing, petroleum, beverages Electric power: 400,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1984), 410 kWh per capita Exports: $390 million (f.o.b., 1984); cotton, coffee, chemical products, meat, sugar Imports: $750 million (f.o.b., 1984); food and nonfood agricultural products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, transportation equip- ment, machinery, construction materials, clothing, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-29% EC, 22% US, 14% CACM, 12% Japan, 6% CEMA, 24% other; imports-20% Mexico, 19% US, 15% CACM, 14% EC, 8% CEMA, 24% other (1982) Aid: economic commitments, including Ex- Im (FY70-82), US authorizations, $290 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $397 million; Commu- nist countries (1970-83), $725 million; military (FY70-82), US authorizations, $20 million Budget: 1984 expenditures, $1.9 billion; rev- enues, $1.1 billion; converted at official exchange rate Monetary conversion rate: official 10.05 cordobas=US$1 (January 1985), free market 250 cordobas=US$1 (January 1985) Communications Railroads: 344 km 1.067-meter gauge, gov- ernment owned; majority of system not operating; (3 km 1.435-meter gauge line at Puerto Cabezas; does not connect with main- line) Highways: 23,585 km total; 1,655 km paved, 2,170 km gravel or crushed stone, 5,425 km earth or graded earth, 14,335 km unim- proved Inland waterways: 2,220 km, including 2 large lakes Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km Ports: 1 major (Corinto), 7 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Communists: the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN), Luis Sanchez Sancho, founded in 1944, has served as Nicaragua's Moscow-line Airfields: 299 total, 266 usable; 9 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Nicaragua (continued) Telecommunications: low-capacity radio- relay and wire system; connection into Central American microwave net; Atlantic Ocean station; 60,000 telephones (2.2 per 100 popl.); 52 AM, 11 FM, 5 TV stations; Intersputnik communications satellite facil- ity Defense Forces Branches: Sandinista Popular Army, Sandi- nista War Navy, Sandinista Air Force/Air Defense, Sandinista Popular Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, 676,000; 418,000 fit for military service; 33,000 reach military age (18) annually Niger Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1974 Political subdivisions: 7 departments, 32 ar- rondissements Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and customary law; constitution adopted 1960, suspended 1974; committee appointed January 1984 to "reflect" on a new national charter; has not accepted compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction National holidays: Independence Day, 3 Au- gust; Republic Day, 18 December Land 1,267,000 km2; almost three times the size of California; 7.6% permanent meadow and pasture, 2.6% arable, 2.3% forest and wood- land, .02% inland water, 87% other, remainder desert People Population: 6,495,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Nigerien(s) adjective- Nigerien Ethnic divisions: 56% Hausa; 22% Djerma; 8.5% Fula; 8% Tuareg; 4.3% Beri Beri (Kanouri); 1.2% Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche; about 4,000 French expatri- ates Religion: 80% Muslim, remainder indige- nous beliefs and Christians Labor force: 2.5 million (1982) wage earners; 90% agriculture, 6% industry and commerce, 4% government Government Official name: Republic of Niger Branches: executive authority exercised by President Seyni Kountche in the name of the Supreme Military Council (SMC), which is composed of army officers; office of prime minister created January 1983; since Novem- ber 1983, civilians have held all cabinet portfolios except Defense and Interior, which are held by President Kountche Government leader: Brig. Gen. Seyni KOUNTCHE, President of Supreme Mili- tary Council, Chief of State (since 1974); Hamid ALGABID, Prime Minister (since November 1983) Elections: popular elections currently al- lowed only for choosing representatives for village Development Councils, which advise on local economic development Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no Communist party; some sympathizers in outlawed Sawaba party Member of. AfDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB- Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Economy GDP: $2.0 billion (1982), $425 per capita; an- nual real growth rate -0.8% (1970-1980) Agriculture: commercial-cowpeas, groundnuts, cotton; main food crops-millet, sorghum, rice Major industries: cement plant, brick fac- tory, rice mill, small cotton gins, oil presses, slaughterhouse, and a few other small light industries; uranium production began in 1971 Electric power: 74,000 kW capacity (1984); 96 million kWh produced (1984),15 kWh per capita Exports: $362 million (f.o.b., 1982); about 75% uranium in 1982, rest livestock, cow- peas, onions, hides, skins; exports understated because much regional trade not recorded Imports: $438 million (f.o.b., 1982); petro- leum products, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, electronic equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemical products, cereals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: France (about half), other EC countries, Nigeria, UDEAC coun- tries; US (3.8%, 1981); preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1981/82 prov.) revenues, $234 mil- lion; current expenditures, $190 million; capital expenditures, $38 million; extrabudgetary expendituresss, $215 million Monetary conversion rate: 422.25 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 8,547.km total; 3,001 km paved bituminous, 2,658 km gravel, 2,888 km un- improved earth Inland waterways: Niger River navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March Airfields: 68 total, 62 usable; 7 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: small system of wire and radio-relay links concentrated in south- western area; 9,800 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 2 FM, 12 TV stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations, 4 domestic antennas Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, paramilitary Republican Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,408,000; 759,000 fit for military service; about 64,000 reach military age (18) annually Nigeria Land 923,768 km2; more than twice the size of California; 35% forest; 24% arable (13% of total land area under cultivation); 41 % desert, waste, urban, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 91,178,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.4% Nationality: noun-Nigerian(s); adjective- Nigerian Ethnic divisions: of the more than 250 tribal groups, the Hausa and Fulani of the north, the Yoruba of the southwest, and the Ibos of the southeast comprise 65% of the popula- tion; about 27,000 non-Africans Religion: no exact figures on religious break- down, but last census (1963) showed Nigeria to be 47% Muslim, 34% Christian, and 18% indigenous beliefs Language: English (official); Hausa, Yoruba, and Ibo also widely used Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Nigeria (continued) Labor force: est. 35-40 million (1983); 55% agriculture; 17% industry, commerce, and services; 15% government Council, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Ni- ger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Inland waterways: 8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks Organized labor: 3.52 million wage earners belong to one of 42 recognized trade unions, which are under a single national labor fed- eration, the Nigerian Labor Congress (NLC) Government Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Type: military government since 31 Decem- ber 1983 Political subdivisions: 19 states, headed by appointed military governors Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law National holiday: Independence Day, 1 Oc- tober Branches: ruling Supreme Military Council and Federal Executive Council (cabinet), ad- visory National Council of State Government leader: Maj. Gen. Muhammadu BUHARI, Head of the Federal Military Gov- ernment and Commander in Chief (since December 1983) Elections: last national elections under civil- ian rule held August-September 1983 Political parties and leaders: all political par- ties banned after 31 December 1983 Communists: the pro-Communist under- ground comprises a fraction of the small Nigerian left; leftist leaders are prominent in the country's central labor organization but have little influence on government Member of. AfDB, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Economy GDP: $67 billion (1982), $760 per capita; -4.4% growth rate (1983 est.) Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, cotton, cocoa, rubber, yams, cassava, sorghum, palm kernels, millet, corn, rice; livestock Fishing: catch 512,000 metric tons (1982); imports nonprocessed and processed fish Major industries: mining-crude oil, natural gas, coal, tin, columbite; processing indus- tries-oil palm, peanut, cotton, rubber, petroleum, wood, hides, skins; manufactur- ing industries-textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemi- cal, printing, ceramics Electric power: 3,100,000 kW capacity (1984); 8.146 billion kWh produced (1984), 92 kWh per capita Exports: $10.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); oil (98%), cocoa, palm products, rubber, timber, tin Imports: $12.1 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machin- ery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals Budget: (1984) revenues, $15.1 billion; cur- rent expenditures, $7.0 billion Monetary conversion rate:.8049 naira=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,505 km 1.067-meter gauge Highways: 107,990 km total 30,019 km paved (mostly bituminous surface treat- ment); 25,411 km laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth; 52,560 km unim- proved Pipelines: 2,042 km crude oil; 120 km natural gas; 3,000 km refined products Ports: 6 major (Lagos, Port Harcourt, Cala- bar, Ward, Onne, Sapele), 9 minor Airfields: 87 total, 83 usable; 29 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expan- sion in progress; radio-relay and cable routes; 155,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 37 AM, 9 FM, 34 TV stations; satellite station with Atlantic and Indian Ocean antennas, domestic satellite system with 19 stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 19,548,000; 11,240,000 fit for military ser- vice; 935,000 reach military age (18) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Norway See regional map V Land Continental Norway, 324,219 km2; slightly larger than New Mexico; Svalbard, 62,160 km2; Jan Mayen, 373 km2; 21 % forest; 3% ara- ble, 2% meadow and pasture; 74% other Labor force: 2.024 million (1983); 30.9% ser- vices; 19.6% mining and manufacturing; 16.7% commerce; 8.8% transportation; 7.6% construction; 7.2% agriculture, forestry, fish- ing; 5.7% banking and financial services; 3.3% unemployed Government Official name: Kingdom of Norway Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Political subdivisions: 19 counties, 2 territo- ries, 404 communes, 47 towns Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Voting strength: (1981 election) Labor, 37.3%; Conservative, 31.6%; Christian People's, 9.3%; Center, 6.7%; Socialist Left (Socialist Electoral Alliance), 4.9%; Progres- sive, 4.5%; Liberal, 3.9%; Red Electoral Alliance, 0.7%; Liberal People's Party (antitax), 0.6%; Norwegian Communist, 0.3% Communists: 15,500 est.; 5,500 Norwegian Communist Party (NKP); 10,000 Workers Communist Party Marxist-Leninist (AKP- ML, pro-Chinese) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA (associate mem- ber), IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: mainland 3,419 km; islands 2,413 km (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indentations, which total as much as 16,093 km overall) People Population: 4,160,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.4% Nationality: noun-Norwegian(s); adjec- tive-Norwegian Ethnic divisions: Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic) and racial-cultural minority of 20,000 Lapps Religion: 94% Evangelical Lutheran (state church), 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% other Language: Norwegian (official); small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting- Lagting, upper house; Odelsting, lower house); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parlia- ment; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts Government leaders: OLAV V, King (since 1957); Kare WILLOCH, Prime Minister (since September 1981) Suffrage: universal at age 18 but not compul- sory Elections: held every four years (next in 1985) Political parties and leaders: Labor, Gro Harlem Brundtland; Conservative, Erling Norvik; Center, Johan J. Jakobsen; Christian People's, Kjell Magne Bondevik; Liberal, Odd Einar Derum; Socialist Left, Theo Koritzinsky; Norwegian Communist, Hans I. Kleven; Progressive, Carl I. Hagen Economy GNP: $55.1 billion in 1983, $13,300 per cap- ita; 47.9% private consumption; 19.5% government; 24.5% private investment; net exports of goods and services 8.1 %; 1983 growth rate 3.2%, in 1980 prices Agriculture: animal husbandry predomi- nates; main crops-feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-sufficient; food shortages-food grains, sugar Fishing: catch 2.5 million metric tons (1982); exports $750 million (1982) Major industries: oil and gas, food process- ing, shipbuilding, wood pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals Shortages: most raw materials except timber, petroleum, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore; dairy products and fish Crude petroleum: 20.7 million metric tons produced (1983), exports $5.6 billion (1983) Crude steel: 768,000 metric tons produced (1982), 185 kg per capita Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Norway (continued) Electric power: 22,915,000 kW capacity (1984); 117.882 billion kWh produced (1984), 28,440 kWh per capita Exports: $18.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-oil, natural gas, metals, pulp and pa- per, fish products, ships, chemicals, oil Imports: $13.5 million (c.i.f., 1983); principal items-foodstuffs, ships, fuels, motor vehi- cles, iron and steel, chemical compounds, textiles Major trade partners: 69% EC (34% UK, 19% FRG, 10% Sweden), 4.3% US (1983) Aid: donor-bilateral economic commit- ments(ODA and OOF), $2.1 billion (1970-82) Budget: (1982) revenues, $28.3 billion; ex- penditures, $26.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 9.1500 kroner=US$1 (2 January 1985) Communications Railroads: 4,257 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Norwegian State Railways (NSB) op- erates 4,241 km (2,440 km electrified and 91 km double track); 16 km privately owned and electrified Highways: 78,116 km total; 17,699 km con- crete and bitumen; 19,277 km bituminous treated; 41,140 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Inland waterways: 1,577 km; 1.5-2.4 m draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products, 53 km Ports: 9 major, 69 minor Civil air: 62 major transport aircraft Airfields: 96 total, 95 usable; 54 with perma- nent-surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 14 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services; 2.20 million telephones (53.5 per 100 pop].); 8 AM, 806 FM, 1,623 TV sta- tions; 6 coaxial submarine cables; 6 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,048,000; 851,000 fit for military service; 33,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $1.7 billion; about 10.7% of central government budget Boundary rep- entat,on is not necessarily authoritative Land About 212,380 km2; about the size of New Mexico; negligible amount forested; remain- der desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,384 km Water . Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 1,228,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.9% Nationality: noun-Omani(s); adjective- Omani Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab, with small Baluchi, Zanzibari, and Indian groups Religion: 75% Ibadhi Muslim; remainder Sunni Muslim, Sh'ia Muslim, some Hindu Language: Arabic (official); English, Balu- chi, Urdu, Indian dialects Labor force: 500,000; 50% are non-Omani; est. 60% agriculture Government Official name: Sultanate of Oman Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: absolute monarchy; independent, with strong residual UK influence Electric power: 984,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.155 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,820 kWh per capita Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Royal Oman Police Political subdivisions: 1 province (Dhofar), 2 governorates (Musandam and Muscat), and numerous districts (wilayats) Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; no constitution; ultimate ap- peal to the Sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-Sultan, who appoints 45-member State Consultative Assembly to advise him; legislative-none; judicial-tra- ditional Islamic judges and a nascent civil court system National holiday: National Day, 18-19 No- vember Government leader: QABOOS bin Said, Sul- tan (since July 1970) Other political or pressure groups: outlawed Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO), based in South Yemen Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GNP: $6.8 billion (1982), $6,300 per capita est. Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels), fishing Major industries: petroleum discovery in 1964; production began in 1967; production 1982, 320,000 b/d; pipeline capacity, 400,000 b/d; copper mine and smelter re- cently opened Exports: $4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983), mostly pe- troleum; nonoil consist mostly of re-exports and some agricultural goods Imports: $3.0 billion (c.i.f.', 1983), machin- ery, transportation equipment, manu- factured goods, food, livestock, mineral fuels, lubricants Major trade partners: exports-52% Japan, 30% Europe, 8% US; imports-22% Japan, 19% UK, 18% UAE, 8% US (1983) Budget: (1983) revenues, $3.7 billion; expen- ditures, $4.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: .3454 rial=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 16,900 km total; 2,200 km bitu- minous surface, 14,700 km motorable track Pipelines: crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 850 km Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft, includ- ing multinationally owned Gulf Air Fleet Airfields: 123 total, 117 usable; 6 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 54 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open- wire, radio-relay, and radio communications stations; 23,000 telephones (2.2 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 2 FM, 11 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station, 7 domestic satellite stations Military manpower: males 15-49, 275,000; 157,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $1.9 billion; 38.4% of cen- tral government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Boundary representation is not necessarily aumor,taluvo Land 803,943 km2 (excludes Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir, the Pakistani-controlled parts of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir); larger than Texas; 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 34% probably mostly waste; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 3% forested Labor force: 25.24 million (1982 est.); exten- sive export of labor; 52% agriculture, 21% industry, 8% services, 19% other Government Official name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Type: parliamentary, federal republic; mili- tary seized power 5 July 1977 and suspended 1973 constitution; President Mohammad Zia-ul-Hag won a special referendum in De- cember 1984 confirming him as president through March 1990; he held parliamentary elections in February 1985 and declared he would end martial law and reinstate an amended constitution after the parliament is seated Political subdivisions: four provinces (Balu- chistan, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sind), 1 territory (Federally Administered Tribal Areas) 1983; national elections were held in Febru- ary 1985; political parties were not permitted to participate Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazin Bhutto (major leader)-opposed to accommodation with Zia; Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi (leading moder- ate); Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed Na- tional Awami Party-NAP-of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); all the aforementioned are in the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD), formed in February 1981; Pakistan National Party (PNP), Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Baluch ele- ments of the former NAP); Jamiat-ul-Ulema- i-Pakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; Pakistan Muslim League (PML)- Pir of Pagaro group; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Is- lam (JUI), Fazlur Rahman; political activity restricted but political discussion is permitted Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 99,199,000, excluding Junagardh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu and Kashmir (July 1985); average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Pakistani(s); adjective- Pakistani Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtan (Pathan), Baluchi Religion: 97% Muslim, 3% Christian, Hindu, and other Language: Urdu and English (official); total spoken languages-64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 7% Urdu, 9% Baluchi and other; English is lingua franca Legal system: based on English common law but gradually being transformed to corre- spond to Koranic injunction; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reserva- tions; President Zia's government has established Islamic Shariat courts paralleling the secular courts and has introduced Ko- ranic punishments for criminal offenses; martial law courts also have jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases; common law procedures do not apply National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March Government leader: Gen. Mohammad ZIA- UL-HAQ, President and Chief Martial Law Administrator (since July 1977) Suffrage: universal from age 18 Elections: opposition agitation against rig- ging elections in March 1977 led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but postponed them; in 1979 elections were postponed indefinitely; elections for municipal bodies were held in 1979 and Communists: party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand; party is outlawed Other political or pressure groups: military remains dominant political force; Ulema (clergy), industrialists, and small merchants also influential Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, OIC, Regional Cooperation for Development, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WFTU, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: figures reflect impact of rupee deval- uation in 1982; $31 billion (FY84 est.); $300 per capita (FY84); real growth 4.6% (FY84) Agriculture: extensive irrigation; main crops-wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton Fishing: catch 337,000 metric tons (1982) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Major industries: cotton textiles, steel, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas Electric power: 5,068,000 kW capacity (1984); 19.3 billion kWh produced (1984), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $2.7 billion (f.o.b., FY84); primarily rice, cotton (raw and manufactured) Telecommunications: good international radiocommunication service over micro- wave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic radio communications poor; broadcast ser- vice good; 314,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, no FM, 16 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, Navy, Civil Armed Forces, National Guards Imports: $6.0 billion (f.o.b., FY84); petro- leum (crude and products) Major trade partners: exports-Iran 16%, US 9%, Japan 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, UK 5%; imports-Iran 19%, Saudi Arabia 16%, Japan 13.0%, US 11%, UK 6% Budget: FY83-current expenditures, $5.3 billion; development expenditures, $2.2 bil- lion (reflects impact of rupee devaluation) Monetary conversion rate: 13.48 rupees=US$1 (FY84 average); in January 1982, the rupee was delinked from the US dollar and floated Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: (1984) 8,822 km 1.676-meter broad gauge, 535 km 1.000-meter gauge, and 610 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge; 1,037 km broad gauge double track and 286 km electri- fied; government owned Highways: 98,000 km total (1984); 40,000 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, improved earth, and unimproved earth road sand tracks Inland waterways: negligible Pipelines: 250 km crude oil; 2,269 km natural gas; 750 km refined products Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 114 total, 94 usable; 68 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 38 with runways 1,200-2,439 m Military manpower: males 15-49, 23,880,000; 16,251,000 fit for military ser- vice; 1,202,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $1.98 billion; about 29% of central government budget Land 77,080 km2; slightly larger than West Vir- ginia; 24% agricultural land (11% pasture, 9% fallow, 4% crop); 20% exploitable forest; 56% other forest, urban or waste Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) People Population: 2,038,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.8% Nationality: noun-Panamanian(s); adjec- tive-Panamanian Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 14% West In- dian, 10% white, 6% Indian Religion: over 93% Roman Catholic, 6% Protestant Language: Spanish (official); 14% speak En- glish as native tongue; many Panamanians bilingual Labor force: est. 625,000 (January 1982); 45% commerce, finance, and services; 29% agri- culture, hunting, and fishing; 10% Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Panama (continued) manufacturing and mining; 5% construction; 5% transportation and communications; 4% Canal Zone; 1.2% utilities; 2% other; unem- ployed estimated at 20% (January 1984); shortage of skilled labor but an oversupply of unskilled labor Organized labor: approximately 15% of la- bor force (1982) Government Official name: Republic of Panama Type: centralized republic Capital: Panama Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 1 intendancy Legal s ystem: based on civil law system; con- stitution adopted in 1972, but major reforms adopted in April 1983; judicial review of leg- islative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Panama; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reserva- tions National holiday: Independence Day, 3 No- vember Branches: under April 1983 reforms, a Presi- dent, two Vice Presidents, and a 67-member Legislative Assembly are elected by popular vote for 5-year terms; Supreme Court of jus- tice is appointed by the Cabinet, subject to legislative approval, for a 10-year period Political parties and leaders: (registered for 1984 presidential and legislative elections) National Democratic Union (UNADE; gov- ernment coalition)-Democratic Revolu- tionary Party (PRD, official government party); Republican Party (PR); Liberal Party (PL); Labor Party (PALA); Panamenista Party (PP); Popular Broad Front Party (FRAMPO); Democratic Opposition Alliance (ADO; opposition)-Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Authentic Panamenista Party (PPA); other opposition parties-Popular Na- tionalist Party (PNP); Popular Action Party (PAPO); People's Party (PdP, Soviet-oriented Communist); Socialist Workers Party (PST); Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT) Voting strength: in the May 1984 elections the government coalition received 300,748 votes, narrowly defeating the opposition alli- ance, which received 299,035 votes; UNADE won 45 seats in the 67-member Legislative Assembly, and ADO won the remaining 22 seats Communists: People's Party (PdP), progovernment mainline Communist party, met requirements for certification as a legal party in 1981; PdP has approximately 35,000 adherents; 1,500 members and sympathizers of rival Fraccion movement, which split from PdP in 1974 Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Organized Workers (CONATO); National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP); Panamanian Association of Busi- ness Executives (APEDE) Agriculture: main crops-bananas, rice, sug- arcane, coffee, corn; self-sufficient in basic foods Fishing: catch 337,000 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $60.2 million (1981) Major industries: food processing, bever- ages, petroleum products, construction materials, clothing, paper products Electric power: 1,100,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.9 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,450 kWh per capita Exports: $347 million (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum products, bananas, shrimp, sugar Imports: $1.35 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum products, manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-39% US, 10% Mexico, 7% Switzerland, 5% FRG; im- ports-31% Japan, 20% US, 5% Venezuela, 5% Mexico (1983) Aid: economic-US, authorized, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $382 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 82), $414 million; Communist countries (1970-83), $5 million; military-US (FY70- 83), $23 million Budget: (1983) revenues, $906 million; ex- penditures, $1.13 billion Government leaders: Nicolas ARDITO BARLETTA, President (since October 1984); Eric Arturo DELVALLE, First Vice Presi- dent (since October 1984); Roderick ESQUIVEL, Second Vice President (since October 1984) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: seven electoral slates made up of 14 registered political parties were on the May 1984 ballot with the president and other winners decided by simple pluralities; may- oral and municipal elections were held in June1984 Member of. FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IDB-Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $4.286 billion (1983), $2,177 per cap- ita; real growth (1983), 0% Monetary conversion rate: 1 balboa=US$1 (January 1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 278 km total; 78 km 1.524-meter gauge, 200 km 0.914-meter gauge Highways: 8,530 km total; 2,745 km paved, 3,270 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,515 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Pipelines: refined products, 96 km; crude oil, 130 km Ports: 2 major (Cristobal and Balboa), 8 mi- nor Airfields:; 131 total, 128 usable; 42 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: domestic and interna- tional telecom facilities well developed; connection into Central American micro- wave net; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas; 213,000 telephones (10.0 per 100 popl.); 72 AM, 30 FM, 14 TV stations; 1 coaxial subma- rine cable Defense Forces Branches: Defense Forces of the Republic of Panama (formerly known as the National Guard) includes military ground forces (still designated National Guard), Panamanian Air Force, National Navy, Panama Canal Defense Force, police force, traffic police/highway patrol, National Depart- ment of Investigation, and Department of Immigration Military manpower: males 15-49, 523,000; 360,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Military budget: for fiscal year beginning 1 January 1985, $92 million; 3.4% of central government budget Papua New Guinea Britain Bougainville Land 461,691 km2; slightly larger than California; 70% forest, 3% cultivated, 2% pasture, 25% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) People Population: 3,326,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Papua New Guinean(s); adjective-Papua New Guinean Ethnic divisions: predominantly Melanesian and Papuan; some Negrito, Micronesian, and Polynesian Religion: over half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Catholic, 320,000 Lu- theran, other Protestant sects); remainder indigenous beliefs Language: 715 indigenous languages; pidgin English in much of the country and Motu in Papua region are linguae francae; English spoken by 1-2% of population Labor force: 1.44 million (1979); 352,500 (1980) in salaried employment; 53% agricul- ture, 20% government, 17% industry and commerce, 10% services Government Official name: Papua New Guinea Type: independent parliamentary state within Commonwealth recognizing Eliza- beth II as head of state Capital: Port Moresby Political subdivisions: 19 provinces Legal system: based on English common law National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September Branches: executive-National Executive Council; legislature-House of Assembly (109 members); judiciary-court system con- sists of Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea and various inferior courts (district courts, lo- cal courts, children's courts, wardens' courts) Government leaders: Sir Kingsford DIBELA, Governor General (since March 1983); Michael Thomas SOMARE, Prime Minister (since August 1982) Elections: preferential-type elections for 109-member House of Assembly every five years, last held in June 1982 Political parties: Pangu Party, People's Progress Party, United Party, Papua Besena, National Party, Melanesian Alliance Member of. ADB, ANRPC, CIPEC (asso- ciate), Commonwealth, ESCAP (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, South Pa- cific Commission, South Pacific Forum, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Papua New Guinea (continued) Economy GNP: $2 billion (1980), $650 per capita; real growth (1979) 3% est. Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cocoa, co- conuts, timber, tea Major industries: sawmilling and timber processing, copper mining (Bougainville), fish canning Electric power: 720,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1984), 477 kWh per capita Exports: $960.0 million (f.o.b., 1979); copper, coconut products, coffee beans, cocoa, copra, timber Major trade partners: Australia, UK, Japan Aid: economic-Australia, $1,158 million committed (1976-81); World Bank group (1968-September 1969), $14.8 million com- mitted; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $125 million; other Western countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-82), $4.2 billion Monetary conversion rate:.8658 kina=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 19,200 km total; 640 km paved, 10,960 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 7,600 km unimproved earth Inland?waterways: 10,940 km Rorts: 5 principal, 9 minor Civil air: about 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 535 total, 436 usable; 15 with per- manent-surface runways;.2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 37 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: Papua New Guinea telecom services are adequate and are being improved; facilities provide radiobroadcast; radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio and international ' , radiocommunication services; submarine ca- bles extend from Madang to Australia and Guam; 45,274 telephones (1.5 per 100 pop].); 31 AM, no FM, or TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Papua New Guinea Defense Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 800,000; about 443,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $29.4 million; about 3% of central government budget Paraguay Boundary repre entat on is not necessarily authomatne. Land 406,750 km2; the size of California; 52% for- est; 24% meadow and pasture; 22% urban, waste, and other; 2% crop People Population: 3,722,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Paraguayan(s); adjec- tive-Paraguayan Ethnic divisions: 95% mestizo (Spanish and Indian), 5% white and Indian Religion: 97% Roman Catholic; Mennonite and other Protestant denominations Labor force: 1.1 million (1983 est.); 44% agri- culture; 34% industry and commerce, 18% services, 4% government; unemployment rate 15% (1984) Government Official.name: Republic of Paraguay Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Political subdivisions: 19 departments and the national capital Legal system: based on Argentine codes, Ro- man law, and French codes; constitution promulgated 1967; judicial review of legisla. tive acts in Supreme Court; legal education at National University of Asuncion and Catho- lic University of Our Lady of the-Assump- tion; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 14 May Branches: President heads executive; bicam- eral legislature (Senate, Chamber of Deputies); judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: Gen. (Ret.) Alfredo STROESSNER, President (since May 1954) Suffrage: universal; compulsory between ages of 18-60 Elections: President and Congress elected to- gether every five years (last election February 1983) Political parties and leaders: Colorado Party, Juan Ramon Chaves; Authentic Radi- cal Liberay Party (PLRA), Miguel Angel Martinez Yaryes; Christian Christian Demo- cratic Party (PDC), Alfredo Rojas Leon; Febrerista Revolutionary Party (PRF), Euclides Acevedo; Liberal Party (PL), Joa- quin Burgos; Popular Colorado Movement (MOPOCO), Miguel Angel Gonzalez Casa- bianca; Radical Liberal Party (PLR), Percio Franco Other political or pressure groups: Popular Colorado Movement (MoPoCo) led by Epifanio Mendez, in exile; National Accord includes MoPoCo and Febrerista, Radical Liberal, and Christian Democratic Parties Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, LAIA, OAS, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: $2.5 billion (1984), $700-900 per capita (depending on exchange rate); 7% public con- sumption; 66% private consumption (1983), 28% gross domestic investment, 4-5% real growth rate (1980); real growth rate 1982, -2% Agriculture: main crops-oilseeds, cotton, wheat, manioc, sweet potatoes, tobacco, corn, rice, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most foods Major industries: meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, light con- sumer goods, cement Electric power: 1,100,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.9 billion kWh produced (1983), 800 kWh per capita Exports: $326 million (f.o.b., 1983); cotton, oilseeds, meat products, tobacco, timber, cof- fee, essential oils, tung oil Imports: $551 million (f.o.b., 1983); fuels and lubricants, machinery and motors, motor ve- hicles, beverages and tobacco, foodstuffs Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $494 million; expenditures, $741 million Monetary conversion rate: 240 guaranies=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 970 km total; 440 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 60 km 1.000-meter gauge, 470 km various narrow gauge (privately owned) Highways: 21,960 km total; 1,788 km paved, 474 km gravel, and 19,698 km earth Inland waterways: 3,100 km Ports: 1 major (Asuncion), 9 minor (all river) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 884 total, 769 usable; 6 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 27 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: principal center in Asuncion, fair intercity microwave net; 64,300 telephones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 35 AM, 21 FM, 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satel- lite station Defense Forces Branches: Paraguayan Army, Paraguayan Navy, Paraguayan Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 885,000; 703,000 fit for military service; 43,000 reach military age (17) annually Voting strength: (February 1983 general election) 90% Colorado Party, 5.6% Radical Liberal Party, 3.2% Liberal Party; Febrerista Party boycotted elections Communists: Oscar Creydt faction and Mi- guel Angel Soler faction (both illegal); est. 3,000 to 4,000 party members and sym- pathizers in Paraguay, very few are hard core; party in exile is small and deeply di- vided Major trade partners: exports-21 % Brazil, 14% Netherlands, 12% Argentina, 12% FRG, 9% US, 7% Switzerland, 2% Japan; imports- 28% Brazil, 19% Argentina, 7% FRG, 6% US, 5% Japan, 5% UK (1983) Aid: economic bilateral commitments, US (FY70-83) $151 million, other Western coun- tries, ODA and OOF (1970-82) $490 million; military commitments (FY70-83), US $18 million Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $128.4 million; 14.4% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 South Pacific Ocean Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative Organized labor: about 40% of salaried workers (1983 est.) Voting strength: (1980 presidential election) 45% AP, 27% APRA, 10% PPC Communists: Communist Party of Peru (PCP), pro-Soviet, 2,000; pro-Chinese (2 fac- tions) 1,200 Government Official name: Republic of Peru Member of: Andean Pact, AIOEC, ASSIMER, CIPEC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, INTERPOL, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO Land 1,285,216 km? (other estimates range as low as 1,248,380 km2); five-sixths the size of Alaska; 55% forest; 14% meadow and pas- ture; 2% crop; 29% urban, waste, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 19,532,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.4% Nationality: noun-Peruvian(s); adjective- Peruvian Ethnic divisions: 45% Indian; 37% mestizo (white-Indian); 15% white; 3% black, Japa- nese, Chinese, and other Language: Spanish and Quechua (official), Aymara Labor force: 5.6 million (1980); 41% govern- ment and other services, 40% agriculture, 19% industry and mining; unemployment about 9% (1983 est.) Political subdivisions: 23 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Prov- ince of Callao Legal system: based on civil law system; 1979 constitution reestablished civilian govern- ment with a popularly elected president and bicameral legislature; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Are- quipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July Branches: executive, judicial, bicameral leg- islature (Senate, Chamber of Deputies) Government leader: Fernando BELAUNDE Terry, President (since July 1980); Luis PERCOVICH Roca, Prime Minister (since October 1984) Elections: elections for president and con- gress held every five years; elections for a civilian government were held on 18 May 1980, with the new government installed in July 1980; election for president and congress to be held on 14 April 1985 with a possible second round runoff in May 1985 for presi- dent if no candidate gets a majority; new government to be inaugurated on 28 July 1985 Political parties and leaders: Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Alan Garcia; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes; United Left (IU), Alfonso Barrantes Economy GNP: $16.3 billion (1983 est.), $875 per cap- ita; 71% private consumption, 15% public consumption, 17% gross investment; -3% net foreign balance (1982); real growth rate (1983), -11.8%. Agriculture: main crops-wheat, potatoes, beans, rice, barley, coffee, cotton, sugarcane; imports-wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn Fishing: catch 3.452 million metric tons (1982); exports-oil, other products, $331 million (1979); meal, $202 million (1982) Major industries: mining of metals, petro- leum, fishing, textiles and clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication Electric power: 3,675,000 kW capacity (1984); 12.7 billion kWh produced (1984), 663 kWh per capita Exports: $3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); copper, fish and fish products, copper, silver, iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee Imports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1983); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharma- ceuticals Major trade partners: exports-36% US, 15% Japan, 5% UK, 3% Italy, 3% Germany, 3% France, 3% Belgium (1983); imports- Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 40% US, 8% Japan, 8% Germany, 4% France, 3.5% Italy (1983) Budget: 1982-revenues, $3.6 billion; expen- ditures, $4.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2394.27 soles=US$1 (February (1984) Communications Railroads: 1,876 km total; 1,576 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 300 km 0.914-meter gauge Highways: 56,645 km total; 6,030 km paved, 11,865 km gravel, 14,610 km improved earth, 24,140 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 208 km Lake Titicaca Pipelines: crude oil, 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 64 km Airfields: 241 total, 232 usable; 31 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 24 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fairly adequate for most requirements; nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, 12 domestic antennas; 519,600 telephones (2.8 per 100 popl.); 212 AM, 20 FM, 73 TV sta- tions Defense Forces Branches: Peruvian Army, Navy, and Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,681,000; 3,172,000 fit for military service; 182,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $1,134.0 million; 6.7% of es- timated GDP Philippines Labor force: 17.8 million (1982 est); 47% agri- culture, 20% industry and commerce, 13.5% services, 10% government, 9.5% other See regional map IX Land 300,440 km2; slightly larger than Nevada; 53% forest, 30% arable, 5% pasture, 12% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 0-300 nm (under an archipelago theory, waters within straight lines joining appropriate points of outermost islands are considered in- ternal waters; waters between these baselines and the limits described in the Treaty of Paris, 10 December 1898, the US-Spain Treaty of 7 November 1900, and the US-UK Treaty of 2 January 1930 are considered to be the territorial sea); economic, including fish- ing, 200 nm People Population: 56,808,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-Filipino(s); adjective- Philippine Ethnic divisions: 91.5% Christian Malay, 4% Muslim Malay, 1.5% Chinese, 3% other Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 9% Protes- tant, 5% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other Language: Pilipino (based on Tagalog) and English (both official) Government Official name: Republic of the Philippines Capital: Manila (de facto), Quezon City (des- ignated) Political subdivisions: 72 provinces and 61 chartered cities Legal system: based on Spanish, Islamic, and Anglo-American law; parliamentary con- stitution passed 1973; constitution amended in 1981 to provide for French-style mixed presidential-parliamentary system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and 71 other law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; martial law lifted in January 1981 National holiday: Independence Day, 12 June Branches: constitution provides for unicam- eral legislature (Batasang Pambansa) and a strong executive branch under President and Prime Minister; judicial branch headed by Supreme Court with descending authority in a three-tiered system of local, regional trial, and intermediate appellate courts Government leader: Ferdinand Edralin MARCOS, President (since 1965); Cesar VIRATA, Prime Minister (since 1981) Elections: next provincial elections (for gov- ernors and mayors) scheduled for May 1986 Political parties: national parties are Marcos's New Society Party (KBL); UNIDO, a coalition of moderate opposition groups; and the Liberals, Nacionalistas, and PDP- Laban; prominent regional parties include the Mindanao Alliance and the Pusyon Visaya Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Philippines (continued) Communists: the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) controls about 16,000 armed insurgents; not recognized as legal party; a second Communist party, the Philip- pine Communist Party (PKP), has quasi-legal status Member of ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Co- lombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $32.093 billion (1984 prelim.), $630 per capita; -5.5% real growth, 1984 prelim. Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, coco- nut, sugarcane, bananas, abaca, tobacco Fishing: catch 1.8 million metric tons (1982) Major industries: textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly Electric power: 6,486,000 kW capacity (1984); 23 billion kWh produced (1984), 414 kWh per capita Exports: $5.348 billion (f.o.b., 1984 prelim.); coconut products, sugar, logs and lumber, copper concentrates, bananas, garments, nickel, electrical components, gold Imports: $5.928 billion (f.o.b., 1984 prelim.); petroleum, industrial equipment, wheat Major trade partners: (1983) exports-36% US, 20% Japan; imports-23% US, 17% Japan Budget: (1983) revenues, $4.1 billion; expen- ditures, $4.8 billion (capital expenditures, $.9 billion), deficit, $.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: (floating) 19.855 pesos=US$1(December 1984); 16.698 pesos=US$1 (average 1984) Communications Railroads: total rehabilitation of 474 km 1.067-meter gauge underway; 378 km oper- able (1982); 34% government owned Highways: 152,800 km total (1980); 27,800 km paved; 73,000 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 52,000 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 3,219 km; limited to shal- low-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels Pipelines: refined products, 357 km Ports: 10 major, numerous minor Civil air: approximately 53 major transport aircraft Airfields: 338 total, 289 usable; 68 with per- manent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 49 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: good international ra- dio and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate; 707,000 telephones (1.28 per 100 popl.); 267 AM sta- tions, including 6 US; 55 FM stations; 33 TV stations, including 4 US; submarine cables ex- tended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan; tropospheric-scatter link to Taiwan; 2 international ground satellite stations; 11 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Constabulary-Integrated National Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,232,000; 10,087,000 fit for military ser- vice; about 597,000 reach military age (20) annually Supply: limited small arms and small arms ammunition, small patrol craft production; licensed assembly of transport aircraft; most other materiel obtained from US; naval ships and equipment from Australia, Japan, Italy, Singapore, US, and Italy; aircraft and heli- copters from West Germany, US, Italy, and the Netherlands Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $404.5 million; about 13.5% of central government budget Boundary rep- entation is not necessarily authoritative. Land 312,612 km2; smaller than New Mexico; 49% arable, 27% forest, 14% other agricultural, 10% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (6 nm contiguous zone claimed in addition to the territorial sea; fishing 200 nm, lateral lim- its based on geographical coordinates) People Population: 37,236,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9% Nationality: noun-Pole(s); adjective- Polish Ethnic divisions: 98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrai- nian, 0.5% Byelorussian, less than 0.05% Jewish, 0.2% other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other Labor force: 19.3 million; 27% agriculture, 32% industry, 41% other nonagricultural (1980) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Organized labor: new government trade unions formed following dissolution of Soli- darity and all government unions in October 1982 Government Official name: Polish People's Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Warsaw Political subdivisions: 49 provinces Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napo- leonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system par- allels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal educa- tion at seven law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation Day, 22 July Branches: unicameral legislative (Seim), ex- ecutive, judicial system dominated by parallel Communist party apparatus Other political or pressure groups: United Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo-Catholic Pax Associ- ation and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Patriotic Move- ment of National Rebirth (PRON) Member of. CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICES, IHO, Indochina Truce Com- mission, IMO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, Korea Truce Commission, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, Warsaw Pact, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $203.7 billion in 1983 (1982 dollars), $5,570 per capita; 1983 growth rate 3.8% Agriculture: self-sufficient for minimum re- quirements; main crops-grain, sugar beets, oilseed, potatoes, exporter of livestock prod- ucts and sugar; importer of grains Fishing: catch 715,000 metric tons (1983) Major industries: machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing Monetary. conversion rate: 138 zlotys=US$1 (February 1984) Fiscal year: same as calendar year Communications Railroads: 27,176 km total; 23,969 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 397 km 1.534-meter broad gauge, 2,810 km narrow gauge; 8,843 km double track; 3,828 km electrified; gov- ernment owned (1983) Highways: 291,166 km total; 67,537 km con- crete, asphalt, stone block; 114,904 km crushed stone, gravel; 116,675 km earth (1982) Inland waterways: 4,040 km navigable rivers and canals (1983) Pipelines: 4,000 km for natural gas; 1,600 km for crude oil; 322 km for refined products Freight carried: rail-414.5 million metric tons (1983), 118.1 billion metric ton/km (1983); highway-1,397.2 million metric tons, 34.0 billion metric ton/km (1983); wa- terway-14.28 million metric tons, 1.5 billion metric ton/km (1983) Government leaders: Army Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI, Chairman of Council of Min- isters (Premier; since February 1981); Henryk JARLONSKI, Chairman of Council of State (President; since March 1972) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: parliamentary and local govern- ment every four years; March 1984 election postponed until mid-1985 Dominant political party and leader: Polish United (Communist) Workers' Party (PZPR), Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary (since October 1981) Voting strength: (March 1980 election) 98.87% voted for Communist-approved sin- gle slate Crude steel: 16.2 million metric tons pro- duced (1983), about 441 kg. per capita Electric power: 28,173,000 kW capacity (1984); 131 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,550 kWh per capita Exports: $16.703 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 46.3% machinery and equipment; 29.1% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 11.1% light industrial products, 8.1% agricultural and food products; 5.4% other (1983) Imports: $16.023 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 25.7% machinery and equipment; 39.1% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 11.4% ag- ricultural and food products; 6.4% light industrial products, 17.4% other (1983) Major trade partners: $32.726 billion (1983); 64% with Communist countries, 36% with West Ports: 4 major (Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, gwinoujscie), 12 minor (1979); principal in- land waterway ports are Gliwice, Wrolcaw, and Warsaw (1979) Defense Forces Branches: Polish People's Army, Internal De- fense Forces, National Territorial Defense, National Air Defense Forces, Air Force Com- mand, Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,397,000; 7,460,000 fit for military service; 256,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 4 submarines,1 principal surface com- batant, 1 patrol combatant, 23 amphibious warfare ships, 23 mine warfare ships, 50 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 19 am- phibious warfare craft, 26 mine warfare craft, 3 underway replenishment ships, 5 fleet support ships, 10 other auxiliaries Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 211.9 billion zlotys; 8.7% of total budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Portugal North Atlantic Ocean Azores and Madeira Islands are not shown See regional map V and VII Labor force: 4.6 million (1983); 37% services, 36% industry, 27% agriculture; unemploy- ment, 10.2% (June 1984) Organized labor: about 45% of Portuguese labor is organized; the Communist-domi- nated General Confederation of Portuguese Workers-National Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents about half of the unionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union (UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and repre- sents a little less than half of unionized labor Government Official name: Portuguese Republic Land Portugal, 92,082 kmt, including the Azores and Madeira islands; slightly smaller than In- diana; 48% arable; 31% forest; 6% meadow and pasture 5% waste, urban, inland water, or other Land boundaries: 1,207 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 860 km; excludes Azores (708 km) and Madeira (225 km) People Population: 10,045,000 (July 1985), includ- ing the Azores and Madeira Islands; average annual growth rate 0.5% Nationality: noun-Portuguese (sing. and p1.); adjective-Portuguese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterra- nean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decoloniza- tion number less than 100,000 Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protes- tant sects, 2% other Type: republic, first government under new constitution formed July 1976 Political subdivisions: 18 districts in main- land Portugal; Portugal's two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira Islands, have 4 districts (3 of them in the Azores); Macau, Portugal's remaining overseas territory, was granted broad executive and legislative au- tonomy in February 1976; Portugal has not officially recognized the unilateral annex- ation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted April 1976 and revised October 1982; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; legal educa- tion at Universities of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive with President and Prime Minister; unicameral legislature (pop- ularly elected Assembly of the Republic); independent judiciary Government leaders: Gen. Antonio dos San- tos Ramalho EANES, President (since June 1976); Mario SOARES, Prime Minister (since June 1983) Elections: national elections for Assembly of. the Republic normally to be held every four years; Assembly elections held April 1983; national election for President to be held ev- ery five years, second constitutional president elected in December 1980; local elections to be held every three years, last elections in December 1982 Political parties and leaders: Portuguese So- cialist Party (PS), Mario Soares; Social Democratic Party (PSD), formerly the Popu- lar Democratic Party (PPD), Rui Machete; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Francisco Lucas Pires; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro Cunha]; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Herminio Martinho Voting strength: (1983 parliamentary elec- tion) Socialists, 36.3%; Social Democrats, 27.0%; Center Democrats, 12.4%; Commu- nists (in a front coalition called the United Peoples Alliance-, APU), 18.2%; (1982 local elections) Democratic Alliance (AD), which consists primarily of the PSD and the CDS, 41%; PS, 32.0%; APU, 21.5% Communists: Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 200,753 (December 1983) Member of. Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDB-Inter-American Develop- ment Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $20.7 billion (1983); 15% government consumption, 69% private consumption; 30% fixed capital formation; -1 %. change in stocks; - 13% net exports; real growth rate -0.5% (1983) Agriculture: generally underdeveloped; main crops-grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; deficit foods-sugar, grain, meat, fish, oilseed . Suffrage: universal over age 18 Fishing: catch 315,277 metric tons (1982) 188 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Major industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine Inland waterways: 820 km navigable; rela- tively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 297 metric ton cargo capacity Qatar Crude steel: 668,833 tons produced (1982), 69 kg per capita Electric power: 5,115,000 kW capacity (1984); 16.555 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,648 kWh per capita Exports: $4.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-cotton textiles, cork and cork prod- ucts, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, and appliances Imports: $8.0 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items-petroleum, cotton, industrial ma- chinery, iron and steel, chemicals Major trade partners: 58% EC, 6% US, 2% Communist countries, 20% other developed countries, 12% less developed countries Aid: economic authorizations-US, includ- ing Ex-Im, $1.5 billion (FY70-83); other Western countries (ODA and OOF), $686 million (1970-82); military authorizations- US, $367 million (FY70-83) Budget: (1983) expenditures, $9.7 billion; revenues, $8.8 billion; deficit, $0.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 160.85 escudos=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,602 km total: state-owned Por- tuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,830 km 1.665-meter gauge (432 km electrified and 426 km double track), 760 km meter gauge (1.000 m); 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electri- fied, double, nongovernment owned Highways: 57,499 km total; 49,537 km paved (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), in- cluding 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth; plus an additional 4,100 km of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks) Pipelines: crude oil, 11 km Ports: 7 major, 34 minor Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft Airfields (including Azores and Madeira Is- lands): 69 total, 66 usable; 35 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities are generally adequate; 1.57 million telephones (14.0 per 100 popl.); 47 AM, 55 FM, 66 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 3 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas (on mainland and Azores) Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,418,000; 1,979,000 fit for military service; 90,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $690 million; about 10.2% of central government budget Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Land About 11,000 km2; smaller than Connecticut; negligible forest; mostly desert, waste, or ur- ban Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 301,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.4% Nationality: noun-Qatari(s); adjective- Qatari Ethnic divisions: 40% Arab, 18% Pakistani, 18% Indian, 10% Iranian Language: Arabic (official); English is com- monly used as second language Labor force: 104,000 (1983); 85% non-Qatari in private sector Government Official name: State of Qatar Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Qatar (continued) Legal system: discretionary system of law controlled by the ruler, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is signifi- cant in personal matters; a constitution was promulgated in 1970 National holiday: Independence Day, 3 Sep- tember Branches: executive-Amir and Council of Ministers; legislature-State Advisory Coun- cil Government leader: Khalifa bin Hamad Al THANI, Amir and Prime Minister (since February 1972) Suffrage: no specific provisions for suffrage laid down Elections: constitution calls for elections for part of State Advisory Council, a consultative body, but no elections have been held Other political or pressure groups: a few small clandestine organizations are active Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDB- Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GNP: $7.6 billion (1983); $27,000 per capita (1983) Agriculture: farming and grazing on small scale; commercial fishing increasing in im- portance; most food imported; rice and dates staple diet Major industries: oil production and refin- ing; crude oil production averaged 295,000 b/d (1983); oil revenues accrued $1.8 billion (est.) in FY83, representing 75% of govern- ment revenue Electric power: capacity 1,316,000 kW (1984); 4.149 billion kWh produced (1984), 14,250 kWh per capita Exports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983), of which petroleum accounted for $3.0 billion Budget: (FY83) revenues, $3.8 billion; expen- ditures, $3.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.64 Qatar riyals=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 840 km total; 490 km bituminous; 350 km gravel; undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: crude oil, 235 km; natural gas, 360 km Ports: 2 major (Ad Dawhah, Umm Said), 1 minor Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways, 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Airfields: 4 total, 3 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern system center in Doha; 70,000 telephones (26.1 per 100 popl.);1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter to Bah- rain; radio-relay to Saudi Arabia; 2 AM, 1 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Sea Arm, Air Force, Police Department Military manpower: males 15-49, 128,000; 69,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $157 million; 7.3% of cen- tral government budget Land 2,512 km2; about three times the size of New York City; two-thirds of island extremely rugged, consisting of volcanic mountains; 48,600 hectares (less than one-fifth of the land) under cultivation Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 537,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.1% Nationality: noun-Reunionese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Reunionese Ethnic divisions: most of the population is of thoroughly intermixed ancestry of French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, and Indian origin Language: French (official); Creole widely used Literacy: over 80% among younger genera- tion Labor force: primarily agricultural workers; high seasonal unemployment Government Official name: Department of Reunion Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: overseas department of France; repre- sented in French Parliament by three deputies and two senators Legal system: French law Agriculture: cash crops-almost entirely sugarcane, small amounts of vanilla and per- fume plants; food crops-tropical fruit and vegetables, manioc, bananas, corn, market garden produce, some tea, tobacco, and cof- fee; food crop inadequate, most food needs imported Major industries: 12 sugar processing mills, rum distilling plants, cigarette factory. 2 tea plants, fruit juice plant, canning factory, a slaughterhouse, and several small shops pro- ducing handicraft items Telecommunications: adequate system for needs; modern open-wire line and radio- relay network; principal center Saint-Denis; radiocommunication to Comoros Islands, France, Madagascar; new radio relay route to Mauritius; 71,500 telephones (14.0 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 9 FM stations; 1 TV station with 17 relay transmitters;1 Indian Ocean satellite station Branches: Reunion is administered by a Pre- fect appointed by the French Minister of Interior, assisted by a Secretary General and an elected 36-man General Council; in 1974 France created an elected 45-member Re- gional Assembly to coordinate economic and social development policies; in 1981 both the General Council and the Regional Assembly received greater authority for fiscal policy Government leader: Michel BLANGY, Commissioner of the Republic (since Febru- ary 1984) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last municipal and General Coun- cil elections in 1983; parliamentary election June.1981; Regional Assembly election Feb- ruary 1983 Political parties and leaders: Reunion Com- munist Party (RCP), Paul Verges; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Reunion, Georges Sinamale; other political candidates affiliated with metropolitan French parties, which do not maintain permanent organiza- tions on Reunion Voting strength: (parliamentary election 1981) Union for French Democracy Rally for the Republic coalition elected two deputies; the Socialists elected one deputy; in the 1983 Regional Assembly election, leftist parties re- ceived 45.7% of the vote Communists: Communist Party small but has support among sugarcane cutters and the minuscule Popular Movement for the Liber- ation of Reunion (MPLR) and in Le Port District Economy GNP: not available Electric power: 180,000 kW capacity (1984); 570 million kWh produced (1984), 1,065 kWh per capita Exports: $128 million (f.o.b., 1980); 90% sugar, 5% rum and molasses, 4% perfumes essences, 1% vanilla and tea Imports: $871 million (c.i.f., 1980); manufac- tured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials and petroleum products Major trade partners: France and Mauritius Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 81), $4.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 7.974 French francs=US$1 (31 October 1983) Fiscal year: probably calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,745 km total; 2,168 km paved, 300 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways;1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 155,000; 81,000 fit for military service; 7,000 reach military age (18) annually Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 237,499 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon; 44% arable, 27% forest, 19% other agricul- tural, 10% other Political subdivisions: 40 counties; city of Bucharest has administrative status equal to a county Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory that increas- ingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 23 August Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State Economy GNP: $109.7 billion in 1983 (1983 dollars), $4,860 per capita; 1983 real growth rate, 1.1% Agriculture: net exporter; main crops-corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock-cattle, hogs, sheep; consumer and food supplies weak Fishing: catch 244,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: mining, forestry, construc- tion materials, metal production and processing, chemicals, machinebuilding, food processing Shortages: iron ore, coking coal, metallurgi- cal coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber Crude steel: 12.6 million metric tons pro- duced (1983), 559 kg per capita Land boundary: 2,969 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 22,772,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.5% Nationality: noun-Romanian(s); adjec- tive-Romanian Ethnic divisions: 88.1% Romanian; 7.9% Hungarian; 1.6% German; 2.4% Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy Religion: 80% Romanian Orthodox; 6% Ro- man Catholic; 4% Calvinist, Lutheran, Jewish, Baptist, and other Language: Romanian, Hungarian, German Labor force: 10.5 million (1983); 37.8% indus- try, 29.2% agriculture, 33% other nonagricultural (1983) Government Official name: Socialist Republic of Roma- nia Government leaders: Nicolae CEAU$ESCU, President of the Socialist Republic (head of state; since 1967); Constantin DASCA- LESCU, Prime Minister (since May 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: elections held every five years for Grand National Assembly deputies and local people's councils Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party, Nicolae Ceausescu, Secretary General (since March 1965) Voting strength: (1980 election) overall par- ticipation reached 99.99%; of those registered to vote (15,631,351), 98.52% voted for party candidates Communists: 3,400,000 (November 1984) Member of. CEMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Electric power: 17,805,000 kW capacity (1984); 71.647 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,160 kWh per capita Exports: $11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 31.8% machinery and equipment; 23.7% fuels, min- erals, and metals; 16.2% manufactured consumer goods; 13.5% agricultural materi- als and forestry products; 14.8% other (1981) Imports: $8.7 billion (f.o.b. 1983); 31.8% ma- chinery and equipment; 23.7% fuels, minerals, and metals; 11.6% agricultural and forestry products; 3.9% manufactured con- sumer goods; 10.1% other (1981) Major trade partners: $19.7 billion in 1983; 51% non-Communist countries, 49% Com- munist countries (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 23.2 lei=US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 11,110 km total; 10,506 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 559 km narrow gauge, 45 km broad gauge; 2,367 km electrified, 2,424 km double track; government owned (1980) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Highways: 73,364 km total; 29,228 km con- crete, asphalt, stone block; 38,880 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 5,256 km other (1980) Inland waterways: 1,660 km (1980) Pipelines: 2,735 km crude oil; 1,429 km re- fined products; 6,400 km natural gas Freight carried: rail-274.6 million metric tons, 75.5 billion metric ton/km (1980); high- way-451.2 million metric tons, 11.7 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway-12.3 mil- lion metric tons, 2.3 billion metric ton/km (1980) Political subdivisions: 10 prefectures, subdi- vided into 143 communes Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: executive (President, 16-member Cabinet); unicameral legislative (National Development Council); judiciary (4 senior courts, magistrates) Ports: 4 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 7 minor; principal inland water- Land Government leader: Maj. Gen. Juvenal way ports are Giurgiu, Turnu Severin, and 26,338 km2; the size of Maryland; almost all HABYARIMANA, President and Head of Orsova arable land; about 33% cultivated; about 33% State (since 1973) pasture Defense Forces Branches: Romanian People's Army, Secu- rity Troops; Patriotic Guard, Air and Air Elections: national elections, including con- Defense Forces, Romanian Navy People stitutional referendum and presidential Population: 6,246,000 (July 1985), average plebiscite, held December 1978; National Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,637,000; annual growth rate 3.7% Development Council elected and President 4,757,000 fit for military service; 187,000 reelected in December 1983 reach military age (20) annually Nationality: noun-Rwandan(s); adjective- Rwandan Political parties and leaders: National Revo- Ships: 3 patrol combatants, 6 mine warfare lutionary Movement for Development ships, 81 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, Ethnic divisions: 85% Hutu, 14% Tutsi, 1% (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially a 30 mine warfare craft, 2 material support Twa (Pygmoid) "development movement," not a party) ships, 2 fleet support ships, 4 other auxiliaries Religion: 65% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Communists: no Communist party Military budget: announced for fiscal year Muslim, rest indigenous beliefs ending 31 December 1984, 11.7 billion lei; Member of. AfDB, EAMA FAO G-77 about 3.8% of total budget Language: Kinyarwanda and French offi- , , , GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, cial; Kiswahili used in commercial centers ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Labor force: 2.7 million (1983); 93% agricul- Economy ture, 3% industry and commerce, 3% GDP: $1.537 billion (1983), $270 per capita; government, 1% services real growth rate (1984 est.), 2.9% Government Agriculture: cash crops-mainly coffee, tea, Official name: Republic of Rwanda some pyrethrum; main food crops-bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency declin- Type: republic; presidential system in which ing; country imports foodstuffs military leaders hold key offices; new con- stitution adopted 17 December 1978 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Rwanda (continued) Major industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolfram (tungsten ore), agricultural processing, and production of beer, soft drinks, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes Electric power: 42,000 kW capacity (1984); 132 million kWh produced (1984), 22 kWh per capita Exports: $114 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.); mainly coffee, tea, cassiterite, wolfram, py- rethrum Imports: $182 million (c.i.f., 1983 est.); tex- tiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment Major trade partners: US, Belgium, FRG, Kenya External debt: $225 million (1983), external debt ratio 4.5% (1983) Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $161.5 million; current expenditures, $164.3 million; devel- opment expenditures, $30.6 million Monetary conversion rate: 100.96 Rwanda francs=US$1 (August 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 5,688 km total; 460 km paved, 1,725 km gravel and/or improved earth, re- mainder unimproved Inland waterways: Lake Kivu navigable by shallow draft barges and native craft Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system with low- capacity radio-relay system centered on Kigali; 4,600 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 5 FM, no TV stations; SYMPHONIE sat- ellite station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, paramilitary, Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49,1,334,000; 676,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $34.4 million; 14% of cen- tral government budget St. Christopher and Nevis Saint \Christopher Itt III stow C i Land 261 km'; about one-third the size of New York City; 40% arable, 33% waste and built on, 17% forest, 10% pasture Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) .People Population: 44,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate -0.3% Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Nationality: noun-Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s); adjective-Kittsian, Nevisian Religion: Anglican, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: 80% Labor force: 20,000 (1981) Organized labor: 6,700 Government Official name: Federation of St. Christopher and Nevis Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: independent state within Common- wealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Basseterre, St. Christopher; Charles- town, Nevis Political subdivisions: 11 districts Legal s ystem: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial organ is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 11-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, Cabi- net headed by Prime Minister; separate Nevis Island Legislature and Nevis Island As- sembly headed by Premier Government leaders: Dr. Kennedy Alphonse SIMMONDS, Prime Minister (since 1980); Clement Athelston ARRINDELL, Governor General (since 1981) Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: at least every five years; last elec- tion held June 1984 Political parties and leaders: St. Christo- pher-Nevis Labor Party (SKNLP), Lee Moore; People's Action Movement (PAM), Kennedy Simmonds; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Simeon Daniel Voting strength: (June 1984 election) House of Assembly-PAM, 6 seats; SKNLP, 2 seats; NRP, 3 seats Member of. CARICOM, Commonwealth, IBRD, ISO, OAS, UN Economy GNP: $41.6 million (1982), $950 per capita; 3.9% real growth in 1982 Agriculture: main crops-sugar on St. Chris- topher, cotton on Nevis Major industries: sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra Electric power: 13,500 kW capacity (1984); 30 million kWh produced (1984), 682 kWh per capita Exports: $30.6 million (1983); sugar Imports: $47.3 million (1983); foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel Major trade partners: exports-50% US, 35% UK; imports-21 % UK, 17% Japan, 1l % US (1973) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im, from Western (non-US) countries (1970-81), $15 million; no military aid Budget: (1982) revenues, $23 million; expen- ditures, $23 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: 58 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge on St. Christopher for sugarcane Highways: 300 km total; 125 km paved, 125 km otherwise improved, 50 km unimproved earth Ports: 1 major-Basseterre, St. Christopher, and 1 minor-Charlestown, Nevis Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: good interisland VHF/UHF/SHF radio connections and in- ternational link via Antigua and St. Martin; about 2,400 telephones (5.0 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 5 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal St. Christopher-Nevis Po- lice Force Caribbean Souhi re sea See regional map III North Atlantic Ocean fY 4t ,ux Fort Land 619 km2; about one-fifth the size of Rhode Island; 50% arable, 23%.wasteland and built on, 19% forest, 5% unused but potentially productive, 3% pasture Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) People Population: 122,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.1 % Nationality: noun-St. Lucian(s); adjec- tive-St. Lucian Ethnic divisions: 90.3% African descent, 5.5% mixed, 3.2% East Indian, 0.8% Cauca- sian Religion: 90% Roman Catholic, 7% Protes- tant, 3% Church of England Language: English (official), French patois Labor force: 45,000 (1979); 43.4% agricul- ture, 38.9% services, 17.7% industry and commerce; 13% unemployment (1979) Organized labor: 20% of labor force Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 St. Lucia (continued) Government Official name: St. Lucia Type: independent state within Common- wealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: bicameral legislative (Senate, House of Assembly); executive, Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leaders: John G. M. COMP- TON, Prime Minister (since February 1975); Sir Allen LEWIS, Governor General (since December 1982) Suffrage: universal adult over age 18 Elections: every five years; last election held May 1982 Political parties and leaders: United Workers' Party (UWP), John Compton; St. Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Julian Hunte; Pro- gressive Labor Party (PLP), George Odlum Voting strength: (1982 election) House of As- sembly-UWP, 14 seats; SLP, 2 seats; PLP, 1 seat Member of. CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IC AO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, NAM, OAS, PAHO, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $141.4 million (1983), $1,190 per cap- ita; 3.1% real GDP growth (1982) Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coco- nuts, sugar, cocoa spices Major industries: garments, electronic com- ponents, beverages, corrugated boxes, tourism, lime processing, tropical agriculture Shortages: food, machinery, capital goods Electric power: 18,500 kW capacity (1984); 56 million kWh produced (1984), 467 kWh per capita Exports: $42.07 million (f.o.b., 1982); ba- nanas, cocoa Imports: $119 million (c.i.f., 1982); food- stuffs, machinery and equipment, fertilizers, petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-49% UK, 9% Barbados; imports-36% US, 19% UK, 10% Trinidad and Tobago (1979) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF, Western (non-US) countries, (1970-81), $34 million; no military aid Budget: (1982 prof.) revenues, $47 million; expenditures, $56 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 760 km total; 500 km paved; 260 km otherwise improved Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways, 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 Telecommunications: fully automatic tele- phone system with 9,500 telephones (8.0 per 100 popl.); direct radio-relay link with Marti- nique and St. Vincent; interisland tropo- scatter link to Barbados; 3 AM stations, 1 TV station Defense Forces Branches: Royal St. Lucia Police Force St. Vincent and The Grenadines Caribbean Sea eorgetown Saint KINGSTOWN Vincent North Bequia 4 Atlantic -..ZV Ocean aMustique ~y G, Z JCanouan 1~. See regional map 111 Land 389 km' (including northern Grenadines); about twice the size of Washington, D.C.; 50% arable, 44% forest, 3% pasture, 3% waste and built on Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) People Population: 102,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.4% Nationality: noun-St. Vincentian(s) or Vin- centian(s); adjectives-St. Vincentian or Vincentian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent; remainder mixed, with some white, East Indian, Carib Indian Religion: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Cath- olic Language: English, some French patois Literacy: 82% Labor f orce: 61,000 (1979 est.); about 20% un- employed (1978) Organized labor: 10% of labor force Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government Official name: St. Vincent and the Grena- dines Type: independent state within Common- wealth Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: unicameral legislature (House of Assembly), judiciary (Supreme Court) Government leaders: James "Son" MITCH- ELL, Prime Minister (since 1984); Joseph Lambert EUSTACE, Governor General (since February 1985) Elections: every five years; most recent 18 July 1984 Political parties and leaders: New Demo- cratic Party (NDP), James "Son" Mitchell; St. Vincent Labor Party (SVLP), Hudson Tannis; Progressive Democratic Party (PDP), Randolph Russell; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Parnel Campbell and Kenneth John; People's Political Party (PPP), Clive Tannis; United People's Movement (UPM), Renwick Rose and Oscar Allen; Movement for National Unity (MNU), Ralph Gonsalves Voting strength: (1984 election) House of As- sembly-NDP, 9 seats; SVLP, 4 seats Member of. CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IMF, IMO, OAS, UN, UPU, WFTU Economy GNP: $69.6 million (1981), $628 per capita; 2% real growth in 1982 Major industries: food processing Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1984); 22 million kWh produced (1984), 220 kWh per capita Exports: $32.7 million (f.o.b., 1982 est.); ba- nanas, arrowroot, copra Imports: $61.6 million (c.i.f., 1982 est.); food- stuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels Major trade partners: exports-75% UK, 13% Trinidad and Tobago (1979); imports 30% UK, 20% Trinidad and Tobago, 9% Can- ada, 9% US (1976) Aid: economic-bilateral economic commit- ments, ODA and OOF, from Western (non- US) countries, (1970-81), $25 million; no military aid Budget: (1982) revenues, $25 million; expen- ditures, $36 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: approx. 1,000 km total; 300 km paved; 400 km improved; 300 km unim- proved Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways, 1 with runways 1,220- 2,439 in Telecommunications: island-wide fully automatic telephone system with 6,050 sets (4.6 per 100 pop].); VHF/UHF interisland links to Barbados and the Grenadines; new SHF links to Grenada and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal St. Vincent and the Grena- dines Police Force Land 62 km2; about one-third the size of Washing- ton, D.C.; 74% cultivated, 22% meadow and pasture, 4% built on People Population: 23,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun-Sanmarinese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Sanmarinese Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian Literacy: 97% Labor force: approx. 4,300 Organized labor: Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Commu- nist-dominated General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members Government Official name: Republic of San Marino Type: republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Ma- rino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 San Marino (continued) Capital: San Marino Political subdivisions: San Marino is divided into 9 castles"-Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Dogmanano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Libera- tion of the Republic, 5 February Branches: the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve five-year terms; Coun- cil in turn elects two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of six months, the Congress of State whose mem- bers head government administrative departments, and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs Government leaders: Giordano Bruno REFFI (Socialist), Secretary of State for For- eign and Political Affairs and for information (since July 1978); Alvaro SELVA (Commu- nist), Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and justice (since July 1978); Dr. Emilio DELLA BALDA (Unitary Socialist), Secre- tary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning (since July 1978) Suffrage: universal (since 1960) Elections: elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every five years; last election was held 29 May 1983 Political parties and leaders: Christian Dem- ocratic Party (DCS), Clara Boscaglia; Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Alvaro Casali; So- cialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Barulli; Unitary Socialist Party (PSU), Emilio Della Balda; Committee for the Defense of the Re- public (CDR), leader unknown Voting strength: (1983 election) 42.1% DCS, 24.4% PCS, 14.8% PSS, 13.9% PSU, 2.9% PSDS Communists: approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined); the PCS, in conjunction with the PSS, PSU, and PSDS, has led the government since 1978 Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy; the two Socialist parties are not united Member of: ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, ITU, IRC, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WTO; observer status in NAM Economy Principal economic activities of San Marino are farming, livestock raising, light manufac- turing, and tourism; the largest share of government revenue is derived from the sale of postage stamps throughout the world and from payments by the Italian Government in exchange for Italy's monopoly in retailing to- bacco, gasoline, and a few other goods; main problem is finding additional funds to fi- nance badly needed water and electric power systems expansions Agriculture: principal crops are wheat (aver- age annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock prod- ucts Electric power: power supplied by Italy (1984) Manufacturing: consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogane, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogane, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced Foreign transactions: dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreign- ers visit San Marino every day; several hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging build- ing stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures Monetary conversion rate: 1704.0 Italian lire=US$1 (January 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: about 104 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving 7,700 telephones (25.7 per 100 popl.); no radiobroadcasting or television fa- cilities Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Sao Tome and Principe I/ha de ( Sao Tome See regional map VII I/ha do unto Antonio Principe Pedras Tinhosas Major industries: light construction, shirts, soap, beer, fisheries, shrimp processing Electric power: 4,300 kW capacity (1984); 7 million kWh produced (1984), 78 kWh per capita Gulf of Guinea Land 963 km2 (Sao Tome, 855 kmz and Principe, 109 km2; including small islets of Pedras Tinhosas); slightly larger than New York City Water Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (eco- nomic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 88,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.8% Nationality: noun-Sao Tomean(s); adjec- tive-Sao Tomean Ethnic divisions: mestiFo, angolares (descen- dents of Angolan slaves), forros (descendents of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), and Europeans (primarily Portu- guese) Religion: Roman Catholic, Evangelical Prot- estant, Seventh Day Adventist Language: Portuguese (official) Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; some un- employment, but labor shortages on plantations and for skilled work Government Official name: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe Legal system: based on Portuguese law sys- tem and customary law; constitution adopted December 1975; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holidays: Martyr's Day, 4 Febru- ary; Independence Day, 12 July; Armed Forces Day, first week in September (varies); Farmer's Day, 30 September Branches: President heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers; unicameral legislature (elected National Popular Assem- bly) Government leader: Dr. Manuel Pinto DA COSTA, President (since 1975) Suffrage: universal for age 18 and over Elections: da Costa reelected May 1980 by Popular Assembly; Assembly elections held March-April 1980 Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Manuel Pinto da Costa Communists: no Communist party, proba- bly a few sympathizers Member of. AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $30 million (1981 est.); per capita in- come $300(1981 est.); average annual growth rate 10% (1981 est.) Agriculture: cash crops-cocoa, copra, coco- nuts, coffee, palm oil, bananas Fishing: catch 2,700 metric tons (1982) Exports: $8.8 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); mainly cocoa (90%), copra (7%), coffee, palm oil Imports: $20.0 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); food products, machinery and electrical equip- ment, fuels Major trade partners: main partner Nether- lands, followed by Portugal, US, and FRG Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 81), $583 million; US (FY77-83), $2.7 million; Communist countries (1970-83), $23 million Budget: (1981 est.) central government bud- get $22.0 million; (1979 est.) revenues, $15.7 million; current expenditures, $10.4 million; capital expenditures, $9.1 million Monetary conversion rate: 46.2051 dobra=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Ports: 1 major (Sao Tome), 1 minor Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: minimal system; 1500 telephones (1.7 per 100 pop].); 1 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Jeddah PJeddsh) Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative Capital: Riyadh; Foreign Ministry and for- eign diplomatic representatives located in Riyadh Legal system: based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; com- mercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King rules in consultation with royal family and Council of Ministers Land Estimated at about 2,149,690 km2 (bound- aries undefined and disputed); one-third the size of the US; 98% desert, waste, or urban; 1% agricultural; 1% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") People Population: 11,152,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Saudi(s); adjective- Saudi Arabian or Saudi Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 52% Labor force: about one-third (one-half for- eign) of population; 45% commerce, services, government, and other; 30% agriculture; 15% construction; 5% industry; 5% oil and mining Government Official name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Government leader: FAHD bin `Abd al- `Aziz Al Saud, King and Prime Minister (since 1982) Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Maritime Satellite Organization, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $108 billion (FY84 est.), $10,335 per capita; annual growth in nonoil GDP in con- stant 1969/70 prices approx. 7% (1981-84) Agriculture: dates, grains, livestock; not self- sufficient in food except wheat Major industries: petroleum production 4.5 million b/d (1984); oil revenue payments to Saudi Arabian Government, $39 billion (FY84); basic petrochemicals, cement pro- duction and small steel-rolling mill and oil refinery; several other light industries, in- cluding factories producing detergents, plastic products, furniture Electric power: 18,802,000 kW capacity (1984); 52.702 billion kWh produced (1984), 4,882 kWh per capita Exports: $48 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 99% petro- leum and petroleum products Imports: $39 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manufac- tured goods, transportation equipment, construction materials, and processed food products Major trade partners: exports-Japan, US, France; imports-US, Japan, FRG Budget: FY84 appropriations, $75.4 billion; current expenditures, $31.9 billion; capital expenditures, $43.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.56 Saudi riyals=US$1 (October 1983) Fiscal year: follows Islamic year; the 1984-85 Saudi fiscal year covers the period 22 April 1984 to 22 March 1985 Communications Railroads: 575 km 1.435-meter standard gauge Highways: 63,000 km total; 28,000 km bitu- minous, 39,000 km gravel and improved earth Pipelines: 6,000 km crude oil; 150 km refined products; 2,200 km natural gas, includes 1,600 km of natural gas liquids Ports: 6 major (Jiddah [Jeddah], Dammam, Ra's Tanura, Qizan, Jubail, Yanbu'), 17 mi- nor Airfields: 184 total, 156 usable; 59 with per- manent-surface runways; 9 with runways over 3,659 m, 24 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: good system exists, major expansion program completed with extensive microwave and coaxial cable sys- tems; 790,000 telephones (8.0 per 100 pop,.); 21 AM, 2 FM, 63 TV stations; 2 Atlantic and 2 Indian Ocean satellite stations; radio-relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAR, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Defense Forces Branches: Saudi Arabian Land Forces, Royal Saudi Naval Forces, Royal Saudi Air Force, Saudi Arabian National Guard, Frontier Force, Coast Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,981,000; 1,704,000 fit for military service; about 103,000 reach military age (18) annually Senegal Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force represented by unions; however, dues- paying membership very limited; major confederation is National Confederation of Senegalese Labor (CNTS), an affiliate of gov- erning party Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Land 196,192 km2; the size of South Dakota; 40% agricultural (12% cultivated); 13% forest; 47% built up, waste, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 nm (fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 6,755,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun-Senegalese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Senegalese Ethnic divisions: 36% Wolof, 17.5% Fulani, 16.5% Serer, 9% Toucouleur, 9% Diola, 6.5% Mandingo, 4.5% other African, 1% European and Lebanese Religion: 92% Muslim, 6% indigenous be- liefs, 2% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) Language: French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo Labor force: 1,732,000; 70% subsistence agri- cultural workers; 175,000 wage earners- 40% private sector, 60% government and parapublic Government Official name: Republic of Senegal Type: republic under multiparty democratic rule; (early in 1982, Senegal and The Gambia formed a loose confederation named Sene- gambia, which calls for the eventual inte- gration of their armed forces, economies and monetary systems, and foreign policies) Political subdivisions: 10 regions, subdivided into 30 departments, 95 arrondissements Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem; constitution adopted 1960, revised 1963, 1970, and 1981; judicial review of legis- lative acts in Supreme Court (which also audits the government's accounting office); legal education at University of Dakar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April Branches: government dominated by the President; unicameral legislature (120-mem- ber National Assembly), elected for five years; President elected for five-year term by universal suffrage; judiciary headed by Su- preme Court, with members appointed by President Government leaders: Abdou DIOUF, Presi- dent (since January 1981) Elections: presidential and legislative elec- tions held February 1983; Socialist Party holds 111 of 120 seats Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party (PS), Abdou Diouf; Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), Abdoulaye Wade; 13 other small uninfluential parties Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Senegal (continued) Seychelles Communists: small number of Communists Communications hi 000-meter gauge; 70 034 km 1 Railroads: 1 zers and sympat . , km double track Other political or pressure groups: students, VICTORIA+ Muslim Brotherhood labor teachers Highways: 13,898 km total; 3,461 km paved, Amirante Mahe , , Isles Island 6,741 km gravel or graded earth, 3,696 km of Member of. AfDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, unimproved roads ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB- Inland waterways: 1,505 km Aldabra Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, Islands ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, Ports: 1 major (Dakar), 3 minor OMVS OIC OCAM OAU NAM ITU Farquhar , , , , , (Organization for the Development of the Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Group Senegal River Valley), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Airfields: 25 total, 22 usable; 10 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- Economy 3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m GDP: $2.5 billion (1983),$400(1983) per cap- ita; real growth -14.3% in 1983 . Telecommunications: above-average urban Land system, using radio-relay and cable; 40,200 280 km'; less than two-thirds the size of New Agriculture: main crops-peanuts (primary telephones (0.8 per 100 popl.); 8 AM stations, York City; 54% arable land, nearly all culti- cash crop); millet, sorghum, manioc, maize, no FM, 1 TV station; 3 submarine cables; 1 vated; 17% woods and forest; 29% other rice, livestock; deficit production of food Atlantic Ocean satellite station (mainly reefs and other surfaces unsuited for agriculture); 40 granitic and 50 or more coral- Fishing: catch 213,000 metric tons (1982); ex- Defense Forces line islands ports $120 million (1982) Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary Gendarmerie Water Major industries: fishing, agricultural pro- Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm cessing plants, light manufacturing, mining Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,505,000; (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) 759,000 fit for military service; 70,000 reach Electric power: 184,000 kW capacity (1984); military age (18) annually 725 million kWh produced (1984), 110 kWh per capita Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 People June 1985, $66.9 million; about 8.8% of cen- Population: 66,000 (July 1985), average an- Exports: $438 million (f.o.b., 1983); peanuts tral government budget nual growth rate 0.9% and peanut products, phosphate rock, fish, petroleum products (reexport) Nationality: noun-Seychellois (sing. and p1.); adjective-Seychelles Imports: $820 million (f.o.b., 1983); food, consumer goods, machinery, transport Ethnic divisions: Seychellois (mixture of equipment, petroleum Asians, Africans, Europeans) Major trade partners: France, other EC, and Religion: 90% Roman Catholic, 8% Anglican, franc zone 2% other Budget: (1983/84) public revenues, $500 mil- Language: English and French (official); lion; current expenditures, $517 million; Creole capital expenditures, $99 million Monetary conversion rate: about 479.8 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) Labor force: 15,000 in monetized sector (ex- francs=US$1 (December 1984) cluding self-employed, domestic servants, and workers on small farms); 49% govern- Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June ment, 19% industry and commerce, 18.5% agriculture, 13.5% services Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Organized labor: 3 major trade unions Government Official name: Republic of Seychelles Type: republic; member of the Common- wealth Capital: Victoria, Mahe Island Legal system: based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law Branches: President, Council of Ministers, People's Assembly Agriculture: islands depend largely on coco- nut production and export of copra; cinnamon, vanilla, and patchouli (used for perfumes) are other cash crops; food crops- small quantities of sweet potatoes, cassava, sugarcane, and bananas; islands not self-suf- ficient in foodstuffs and the bulk of the supply must be imported; fish is an important food source Major industries: tourism is largest industry; processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, small-scale manufacture of consumer goods, coir rope factory, tea factory Electric power: 20,000 kW capacity (1984); 52 million kWh produced (1984), 787 kWh per capita Ports: 1 small port (Victoria) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: direct radio commu- nications with adjacent islands and African coastal countries; 8,300 telephones (11.9 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, no FM stations; 1 TV sta- tion; Indian Ocean satellite station; USAF tracking station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 16,000; 8,000 fit for military service Government leader: France Albert RENE, President (since June 1979) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general election held June 1979 gave 98% approval to Rene as only presiden- tial candidate on yes/no ballot; reelected in June 1984 with 92% of vote Political parties and leaders: Rene, who heads the Seychelles People's Progressive Front, came to power by a military coup in June 1977; until then he had been Prime Min- ister in an uneasy coalition with then President James Mancham, who headed the Seychelles Democratic Party; Rene banned the Seychelles Democratic Party in March 1978 and announced a new constitution in March 1979 that turned the country into a one-party state Communists: negligible, although some Cabinet ministers espouse pro-Soviet line Other political or pressure groups: trade unions, church Member of. AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $150 million (1983 est.); $2,310 per capita (1983 est.); real growth rate -0.2% (1981 est.) Exports: $2.8 million (f.o.b., 1982); cinnamon (bark and oil) and copra account for about 60%; fish 35%; tourism earned an additional $32.5 million Imports: $80.9 million (f.o.b., 1983); manu- factured goods about 25%; food, tobacco, and beverages almost 20%; machinery and trans- port equipment almost 20%; and petroleum products about 20% Major trade partners: exports-UK, Italy, Bahrain, Japan Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1978- 82), $184 million; US (FY78-83), $8.7 million; Communist countries (1970-83), $10 million Budget: (1983) revenues, $59 million; grants, $13 million; current expenditures, $65 mil- lion; development expenditures, $16 million; net lending, $9 million Monetary conversion rate: 7.28 Seychelles rupees=US$1 (31 October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 215 km total; 145 km bituminous, 70 km crushed stone or earth Supply: infantry-type weapons and ammu- nition from Tanzania, USSR, and China Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Sierra Leone Labor force: about 1.5 million; most of popu- lation engages in subsistence agriculture; only small minority, some 65,000, earn wages Political parties and leaders: All People's Congress (APC), headed by Stevens North Atlantic Ocean Land 71,740 km2; slightly smaller than South Caro- lina; 65% arable (6% cultivated), 27% pasture, 4% swamp, 4% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 3,883,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Sierra Leonean(s); adjec- tive-Sierra Leonean Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African (30% Temne, 30% Mende, 2% Creole), rest European and Asian; 13 tribes Religion: 60% Muslim, 30% indigenous be- liefs, 10% Christian Language: English (official); regular use lim- ited to literate minority; principal vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; "Krio," the language of the resettled exslave population of the Freetown area, is used as a lingua franca Organized labor: 35% of wage earners Government Official name: Republic of Sierra Leone Type: republic under presidential regime since April 1971 Political subdivisions: 3 provinces; divided into 12 districts with 146 chiefdoms, where paramount chief and council of elders consti- tute basic unit of government; plus western area, which comprises Freetown and other coastal areas of the former colony Legal system: based on English law and cus- tomary laws indigenous to local tribes; constitution adopted 1978; highest court of appeal is the Sierra Leone Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Republic Day, 19 April Branches: executive authority exercised by President; unicameral parliament consists of 104 authorized seats, 85 of which are filled by elected representatives of constituencies and 12 by Paramount Chiefs elected by fellow Paramount Chiefs in each district; President authorized to appoint up to seven members; independent judiciary Government leader: Dr. Siaka Probyn STE- VENS, President (since 1968); Sorie Ibrahim KOROMA, First Vice President (since April 1971); Francis Minah, Second Vice President (since May 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: the Constitution of Sierra Leone Act, 1971, has been replaced by the Constitu- tion of Sierra Leone, 1978, which provides for one-party rule; Dr. Siaka Stevens was named as the first Executive President under the one-party constitution; the President's tenure has been extended from five to seven years; next presidential election June 1985 Communists: no party, although there are a few Communists and a slightly larger num- ber of sympathizers Member of: AfDB, AIOEC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, Mano River Union, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: (currentfactor cost) $1 billion (1983/84 est.); real growth rate 0.5% (1983/84) Agriculture: main crops-palm kernels, cof- fee, cocoa, rice, yams, millet, ginger, cassava; much of cultivated land devoted to subsis- tence farming; food crops insufficient for domestic consumption Fishing: catch 65,500 metric tons (1982) Major industries: mining-diamonds, iron ore, bauxite, rutile; manufacturing bever- ages, textiles, cigarettes, construction goods; 1 oil refinery Electric power: 96,000 kW capacity (1984); 210 million kWh produced (1984), 55 kWh per capita Exports: $104 million (f.o.b., 1983/84); dia- monds, iron ore, palm kernels, cocoa, coffee Imports: $126 million (f.o.b., 1983/84); ma- chinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: UK, EC, US, Japan, Communist countries Budget: (1983/84) revenues, $109 million; current expenditures, $146 million; develop- ment expenditures, $68 million Monetary conversion rate: (official) 2.5 leones=US$1 (October 1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communications Railroads: about 84 km 1.067-meter narrow gauge privately owned mineral line operated by the Sierra Leone Development Company Highways: 7,460 km total; 1,225 km bitumi- nous, 490 km laterite (some gravel), remainder improved earth Inland waterways: 800 km; 600 km naviga- ble year round Airfields: 14 total, 11 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair telephone and telegraph service; 16,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); INTELSAT Atlantic Ocean satel- lite ground station; 3 AM stations, 1 FM, 2 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 853,000; 414,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Singapore e p I APORE Main Strait See regional map IX Land 618 km2; smaller than New York City; 31% built on, roads, railroads, and airfields; 22% agricultural; 47% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) People Population: 2,562,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.2% Nationality: noun-Singaporean(s), adjec- tive-Singapore Ethnic divisions: 76.7% Chinese, 14.7% Ma- lay, 6.4% Indian, 2.2% other Religion: majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim; minor- ities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists Language: Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and En- glish (official); Malay (national) Labor force: 1,142,374 (June 1982); 29.5% manufacturing, 28.5% services, 22.3% trade, 11.4% transport and communication, 6.3% construction, 1.0% agriculture and fishing, 1.0% other Government Official name: Republic of Singapore Legal system: based on English common law; constitution based on preindependence State of Singapore constitution; legal education at University of Singapore; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: ceremonial President; executive power exercised by Prime Minister and Cabi- net responsible to unicameral legislature (Parliament) Government leaders: Dr. YEOH Ghim Seng, Acting President (as of 28 March 1985); LEE Kuan Yew, Prime Minister (since June 1959) Suffrage: universal over age 20; voting com- pulsory Political parties and leaders: government- People's Action Party (PAP), Lee Kuan Yew; opposition-Barisan Sosialis (BS), Dr. Lee Siew Choh; Workers' Party (WP), J. B. Jeyaretnam; United People's Front (UPF), Harbans Singh; Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), Chiam See Tong; Communist Party illegal Voting strength: (1984 election) PAP won 77 of 79 seats in Parliament and received 63% of the vote; WP and SDP won one seat each Communists: 200-500; Barisan Sosialis infil- trated by Communists Member of. ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Co- lombo Plan, Commonwealth, C-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Singapore (continued) Economy GDP: $16.0 billion (1983), $6,395 per capita; 7.8% average annual real growth (1973-83), 7.9% (1983) Agriculture: occupies a position of minor im- portance in the economy, self-sufficient in pork, poultry, and eggs; must import much of its other food requirements; major crops- rubber, copra, fruit and vegetables Fishing: catch 19,099 metric tons (1983), im- ports-99,099 metric tons (1983), exports 56,046 metric tons (1983) Major industries: petroleum refining, elec- tronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services Electric power: 2,691,000 kW capacity (1984); 8.6 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,400 kWh per capita Exports: $21.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum, rubber, manufactured goods Imports: $27.0 billion (c.i.f., 1983); major re- tained imports-capital equipment, manufactured goods, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-US, Malay- sia, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Australia, FRG; imports-Japan, US, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries (1970-82), $490 million; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $575 mil- lion; military-US (FY70-82), $2 million Budget: (FY83/84) revenues, $4.7 billion; ex- penditures, $7.5 billion; deficit, $2.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.20 Singapore dollars=US$1(8 January 1985) Communications Railroads: 38 km of 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 2,314 km total (1980); 2,006 km paved, 308 km crushed stone or improved earth Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with run- ways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good domestic facili- ties; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage; 700,000 telephones (26.5 per 100 popl.);13 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV stations; submarine cables extend to Hong Kong via Sabah, Philippines; 1 ground station to Hong Kong via Sabah, Malaysia; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Army Re- serve, Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Military manpower: males 15-49, 764,000; 599,000 fit for military service Ships: 6 missile attack boats, 19 coastal patrol, 13 amphibious ships, 2 coastal minesweepers, 1 auxiliary Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 March 1985, $1.09 billion; about 11.9% of central government budget Ap,~\ Gizo ON Santa Isabel Malaita South Pacific Ocean HOW RaA ' ' San bCristobal aSanta Cruz Guadalcana Islands O' % Land NOTE: This archipelagic nation includes southern Solomon Islands, primarily Guadal- canal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Santa Isabel, Choiseul; northern Solomon Islands consti- tute part of Papua New Guinea. Land About 29,785 km2; slightly larger than Mary- land Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 273,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.7% Nationality: noun-Solomon Islander(s); ad- jective-Solomon Islander Ethnic divisions: 93.0% Melanesian, 4.0% Polynesian, 1.5% Micronesian, 0.8% Euro- pean, 0.3% Chinese, 0.4% other Religion: almost all at least nominally Chris- tian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Labor force: 20,631 economically active (1980); 30% forestry and fishing, 28.2% social services, 10.8% manufacturing, 9.6% com- merce, 7.7% construction, 7.1% transpor- tation and communications Government Official name: Solomon Islands Type: independent parliamentary state within Commonwealth Capital: Honiara on the island of Guadalca- nal Political subdivisions: 4 administrative dis- tricts Legal system: a High Court plus Magistrates Courts; also a system of native courts throughout the islands Branches: executive authority in Governor General; unicameral legislature (38-member National Parliament) Government leaders: Sir Baddeley DEVESI, Governor General (since July 1978); Sir Peter KENILOREA, Prime Minister (since No- vember 1984) Elections: every four years, latest October 1984 Political parties and leaders: United Party, Peter Kenilorea; People's Alliance Party, Sol- omon Mamaloni, National Democratic Party, Bartholemew Ulufa'alu Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, UN, UPU Economy GNP: $110 million (1980), $460 per capita Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas; self-sufficient in rice Electric power: 15,000 kW capacity (1984); 30 million kWh produced (1984), 114 kWh per capita Exports: $68.4 million (1981); copra, timber, fish Major trade partners: exports-Japan 37%, UK 11%, Australia 3%; imports-Australia 31%, Singapore 16%, Japan 15%, UK 9% (1981) Aid: economic commitments from Western (non-US) countries, ODA (1979), $13.3 mil- lion Budget: (1979) million revenues, $22.45 mil- lion; expenditures, $37.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.222 Australian dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroad: none Highways: 834 km total; 241 km sealed or all- weather Ports: 5 minor (including Honiara, Gizo, Yandina) Airfields: 25 total, 23 usable; 2 with perma- nent-surface runways; 5 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Boundary rep,- entalion is not necessarily authoritative Land 637,657 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; 32% grazing; 14% scrub and forest; 13% arable (0.3% cultivated); 41% mainly desert, urban, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm People Population: 7,595,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.0% Nationality: noun-Somali(s); adjective- Somali Ethnic divisions: 85% Somali, rest mainly Bantu; 30,000 Arabs, 3,000 Europeans, 800 Asians Telecommunications: 4 AM, no FM, no TV stations; 2,000 telephones, no TV sets; one ground satellite station Language: Somali (official); Arabic, Italian, English Labor force: about 2.2 million; very few are skilled laborers; 70% pastoral nomad, 30% ag- riculturists, government employees, traders, fishermen, handicraftsmen, other Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Somalia (continued) Organized labor: General Federation of So- mali Trade Unions, a government-controlled organization, established in 1977 Major industries: a few small industries, in- cluding sugar refining, tuna beef canning, textiles, iron rod plant, and petroleum refin- Airfields: 59 total, 47 usable; 6 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Government Official name: Somali Democratic Republic Type: republic Capital: Mogadishu Political subdivisions: 16 regions, 60 districts National holiday: 21 October Branches: President dominates political sys- tem; Cabinet carries out day-to-day government functions; unicameral legisla- ture (National People's Assembly) exists but has little power Government leader: Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre, President (since October 1969) Political party and leader: the Somali Revo- lutionary Socialist Party (SRSP), created on 1 July 1976, is sole legal party; Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre is general secretary of the SRSP Elections: parliamentary elections held 31 December 1984 Communists: probably some Communist sympathizers in the government hierarchy Member of. AfDB, Arab League, EAMA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB- Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $1.875 million (1982 est.), $375 per capita Agriculture: mainly a pastoral country, rais- ing livestock; crops-bananas, sugarcane, cotton, cereals Electric power: 47,000 kW capacity (1984); 62 million kWh produced (1984), 9 kWh per capita Exports: $101 million (f.o.b., 1983); livestock, hides, skins, bananas Imports: $407 million (c.i.f.., 1983); textiles, cereals, transport equipment, machinery, construction materials and equipment, pe- troleum products; also military materiel in 1977 Major trade partners: exports-Saudi Ara- bia 84%, Italy 6% (1981); imports-UK 29%, Italy 21%, FRG 13% (1981) External debt: $1.2 billion (1983 est.); exter- nal debt service 17% of exports of goods and services Budget: (1983 est.) revenues and grants, $278 million; current expenditures, $216 million; development expenditures and transfers, $143 million Monetary conversion rate: 26.0 Somali shillings=US$1 (September 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 17,215 km total; 2,335 km bitumi- nous surface, 2,880 km gravel, and 12,000 km improved earth or stabilized soil Ports: 3 major (Mogadishu, Berbera, Kisimayo) Telecommunications: poor telephone and telegraph service; radio-relay system cen- tered on Mogadishu connects a few towns; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 2 AM, no FM stations, 1 TV station Defense Forces Branches: Somali National Army (including Navy, Air Force, and Air Defense Force) Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,483,000; 801,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Religion: most whites and Coloreds and roughly 60% of Africans are Christian; roughly 60% of Indians are Hindu, 20% Mus- lim Language: Afrikaans, English (official); Afri- cans have many vernacular languages, including Zulu, Xhosa, North and South So- tho, Tswana Literacy: almost all white population literate; government estimates 50% of Africans liter- ate Labor force: 8.7 million economically active (1980); 53% agriculture, 27% miscellaneous services, 8% manufacturing, 7% mining, 5% commerce elected directly by respective racial elector- ates; judiciary maintains substantial independence of government influence Government leaders: Pieter Willem BO- THA, President (since September 1984) Suffrage: general suffrage limited to whites over 18 (17 in Natal Province) and to Coloreds and Indians over 18 Elections: must be held at least every five years; last white election April 1981; last Col- ored and Indian elections August 1984; because of the introduction of a new constitu- tion in 1984, the next white elections probably will be delayed until 1989 to coin- cide with nonwhite elections Land 1,221,037 km2 (includes enclave of Walvis Bay, 1,124 km2; Transkei, 44,000 km2, and Bophuthatswana, 38,000 km2); four-fifths the size of Alaska; 86% desert, waste, or urban; 12% cultivable; 2% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 32,465,000 (July 1985), includ- ing Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Kwazulu, Lebowa, Transkei, and Venda; average an- nual growth rate 2.4%; Bophuthatswana 1,623,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.9%; Ciskei 763,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.3%; Kwazulu 4,347,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 4.6%; Lebowa 2,208,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 4.5%; Transkei 2,960,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.4%; Venda 412,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-South African(s); adjec- tive-South African Ethnic divisions: 69.9% African, 17.8% white, 9.4% Colored, 2.9% Indian Organized labor: about 7% of total labor force is unionized (mostly white workers); Af- rican unions represent less than 15% of black labor force Government Official name: Republic of South Africa Capital: administrative, Pretoria; legislative, Cape Town; judicial, Bloemfontein Political subdivisions: 4 provinces, eacF headed by centrally appointed adminis- trator; provincial councils, elected by white electorate, retain limited powers Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; constitution en- acted 1961, changing the Union of South Africa into a republic; possibility of judicial review of Acts of Parliament concerning dual official languages; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: president is chief of state, head of government, and chairman of cabinet; tricameral legislature-House of Assembly (whites), House of Representatives (Col- oreds), and House of Delegates (Indians) White political parties and leaders: National Party, P. W. Botha; Progressive Federal Party, Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert; New Re- public Party, Bill Sutton; Conservative Party, Dr. Andries P. Treurnicht; Herstigte Na- tional Party, Jaap Marais Colored political parties and leaders: Labor Party, Allan Hendrickse (majority party); People's Congress Party, Peter Marais Indian political parties and leaders: Na- tional People's Party, Amichand Rajbansi (majority party); Solidarity, J. N. Reddy Voting strength: white parliamentary seats-National Party, 125; Progressive Fed- eral Party, 27; Conservative Party, 18; New Republic, 8 Communists: small Communist Party illegal since 1950; party in exile maintains head- quarters in London; Moses Mabhida, Joe Slovo Other political groups: (insurgent groups in exile) African National Congress (ANC), Oli- ver Tambo; Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), John Pokela Member of. GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, INTELSAT, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, UN, Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 South Africa (continued) UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG (membership rights in IAEA, ICAO, ITU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, and WMO suspended or restricted) Economy GDP: $79 billion (1983), about $2,500 per capita; -3% real growth in 1983 Agriculture: main crops-corn, wool, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, citrus fruits; dairy prod- ucts; self-sufficient in foodstuffs Fishing: catch 577,152 metric tons (1982) Major industries: mining, automobile as- sembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer Electric power: 23,800,000 kW capacity (1984); 114.668 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,617 kWh per capita Exports: $18.2 billion (f.o.b., 1983, including gold); wool, diamonds, corn, uranium, sugar, fruit, hides, skins, metals, metallic ores, asbes- tos, fish products; net gold output $8.9 billion (1983) Imports: $14.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); motor ve- hicles, machinery, metals, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: US, FRG, Japan, UK, France; member of Southern African Cus- toms Union Budget: (FY1983/84 est.) revenues, $16.6 bil- lion; current expenditures, $18.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.1 SA rand=US$1(30 December 1983) Communications Railroads: 35,530 km total (includes Na- mibia); 34,824 km 1.067-meter gauge, of which 6,143 km are multiple track; 16,006 km electrified; 706 km 0.610-meter gauge single track Highways: 229,690 km total; 80,796 km paved, 148,894 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth Pipelines: 931 km crude oil; 1,748 km refined products; 322 km natural gas Ports: 7 major (Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay, East London, and Mossel Bay) Airfields: 915 total, 831 usable; 106 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 199 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is the best developed, most modern, and highest capac- ity in Africa and consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Dur- ban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria; 3.21 million telephones (13.1 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 286 FM, 67 main TV sta- tions with 450 relay transmitters; 1 submarine cable; 1 satellite station with 1 In- dian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Medical Services Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,732,000; 4,659,000 fit for military service; 279,000 reach military age (18) annually; obligation for service in Citizen Force or Commandos begins at 18; volunteers for service in perma- nent force must be 17; national service obligation is two years; figures do not include Bophuthatswana, Transkei, and Venda Military budget: for year ending 31 March 1985, $3.1 billion; 15.1% of central govern- ment budget The Unded States Government he, not recognized the incorporation of Estonia. Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union. Oth., boundary representation is not n.ceea.Iily authmltatlre. NOTE: The US Government does not recog- nize the incorporation of the Baltic States Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union. Land 22,402,200 km2; nearly two and one-half times the size of the US; 35.5% forest, 16.8% pasture and hay, 10.2% cultivated, 37.5% other Land boundaries: 20,619 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 46,670 km (incl. Sakhalin) People Population: 277,930,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.0% Nationality: noun-Soviet(s); adjective-So- viet Ethnic divisions: 52% Russian, 16% Ukrai- nian, 32% among over 100 other ethnic groups, according to 1979 census Religion: 18% Russian Orthodox; 9% Muslim; 3% Jewish, Protestant, Georgian Orthodox, or Roman Catholic; population is 70% atheist Language: Russian (official); more than 200 languages and dialects (at least 18 with more than 1 million speakers); 75% Slavic group, Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 8% other Indo-European, 12% Altaic, 3% Uralian, 2% Caucasian Voting strength: (1984 election) 184,006,350 persons over 18; allegedly 99.95% voted Crude steel: 1.72 million metric ton capacity as of 1 January 1984; 152.5 million metric tons produced in 1983, 562 kg per capita Labor force: civilian 147 million (midyear 1982), 20% agriculture, 80% industry and other nonagricultural fields; unemployed not reported; shortage of skilled labor reported Government Official name: Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics Political subdivisions: 15 union republics, consisting of 20 autonomous republics, 6 krays, 123 oblasts, 8 autonomous oblasts, and 10 autonomous okrugs Legal system: civil law system as modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1977; no judicial review of legisla- tive acts; legal education at 18 universities and 4 law institutes; has not accepted com- pulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: October Revolution Day, 7 November Branches: executive-USSR Council of Min- isters, legislative-USSR Supreme Soviet, judicial-Supreme Court of USSR Government leaders: Mikhail GOR- BACHEV, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (since 11 March 1985) Nikolay Aleksandrovich TIK- HONOV, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers (since 23 October 1980) Suffrage: universal over age 18; direct, equal Elections: to Supreme Soviet every five years; 1,499 deputies elected in 1984; 71.4% party members Political party: Communist Party of the So- viet Union (CPSU) only party permitted Communists: over 18 million party members Other political or pressure groups: Komsomol, trade unions, and other organiza- tions that facilitate Communist control Member of: CEMA, Geneva Disarmament Conference, IAEA, IBEC, ICAC, ICAO, ICCAT, ICCO, ICES, ILO, IMO, Interna- tional Lead and Zinc Study Group, INRO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, UN, UNESCO, UPU, War- saw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, W TO Economy GNP: $1,843 billion (1983, in 1983 geometric mean prices), 6,763 per capita; in 1983 per- centage shares were-53% consumption; 34% investment, 13% government and other, including defense (based on 1970 GNP in ru- bles at adjusted factor cost); average annual growth rate of real GNP (1971-83), 3.1%, av- erage annual growth rate (1976-83), 2.2%, (1983) 3.6% Agriculture: principal food crops-grain (es- pecially wheat), potatoes; main industrial crops-sugar beets, cotton, sunflowers, and flax; degree of self-sufficiency depends on fluctuations in crop yields, particularly grain; large grain importer over past decade Fishing: catch 9.9 million metric tons (1983); exports 453,384 metric tons (1983), imports 320,132 metric tons (1983); exports exclude canned fish, canned crab, and caviar Major industries: diversified, highly devel- oped capital goods industries; consumer goods industries comparatively less devel- oped Shortages: fertilizer, feed, natural rubber, bauxite and alumina, tantalum, tin, tungsten, fluorspar, molybdenum, and finished steel products Electric power: 306,000,000 kW capacity (1984); 1,465 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,305 kWh per capita Exports: $91.652 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood, agricultural products, and a wide variety of manufactured goods (primar- ily capital goods) Imports: $80,440 billion (f.o.b., 1983); grain and other agricultural products, machinery and equipment, steel products (including' large diameter pipe), consumer manufac- tures Major trade partners: $172.1 billion (1983 total turnover); trade 56% with Communist countries, 30% with industrialized West, and 14% with less developed countries Aid: economic-total extended to non-Com- munist less developed countries (1954-81), $22 billion Official monetary conversion rate: 0.743 rubles=US$1 (1983 average) Communications Railroads: 143,600 km total; 141,467 km 1.524-meter broad gauge; 1,833 km mostly 0.750-meter narrow gauge; 112,915 km broad gauge single track; 46,800 km electri- fied; does not include industrial lines (1983) Highways: 1,479,300 km total; 421,000 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 352,000 km as- phalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 706,300 km earth (1983) Inland waterways: 137,900 km navigable, exclusive of Caspian Sea (1.983) Freight carried: rail-3,851 million metric tons, 3.6 billion metric ton/km (1983); high- ways-26.4 billion metric tons, 486 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway-606.7 million metric tons, 273.2 billion metric ton/km, excluding Caspian Sea (1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Soviet Union (continued) Pipelines: 75,000 km crude oil and refined products; 155,000 km natural gas (1983) Ports: 53 major (most important-Lenin- grad, Riga, Tallinn, Kaliningrad, Liepaja, Ventspils, Murmansk, Arkhangel'sk, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Il'ichevsk, Nikolayev, Sevasto- pol, Vladivostok, Nakhodka); over 180 selected minor; 58 major inland ports (some of the more important-Astrakhan, Baku, Gorkiy, Kazan, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuybyshev, Moscow, Rostov, Volgograd, Kiev (1982) Defense Forces Branches: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Defense Forces, Air Forces, Strategic Rocket Forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 65,461,000; 55,070,000 fit for military ser- vice; 2,058,000 reach military age (17) annually Spain ? Balearic Islands Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla are not shown Land 504,782 kmz, including Canary (7,511 km2) and Balearic Islands (5,025 km2); the size of Arizona and Utah combined; 41 % arable and crop, 27% meadow and pasture, 22% forest, 10% urban or other Land boundaries: 1,899 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 4,964 km (includes Balearic is- lands, 677 km, and Canary Islands, 1,158 km) People Population: 38,629,000 (July 1985), includ- ing the Balearic and Canary Islands and Ceuta and Melilla (two towns on the Moroc- can coast); average annual growth rate 0.5% Nationality: noun-Spaniard(s); adjective- Spanish Ethnic divisions: composite of Mediterra- nean and Nordic types Religion: 99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects Language: Castilian Spanish; second lan- guages include 17% Catalan, 7% Galician, and 2% Basque Labor force: 13.2 million (1984); 43% ser- vices, 24% industry, 16% agriculture, 9% construction; unemployment now estimated at nearly 20.5% of labor force (September 1984) Organized labor: labor unions legalized April 1977; represent no more than a quarter of the labor force (1983) Government Official name: Spanish State Type: parliamentary monarchy defined by new constitution of December 1978, that completed transition from authoritarian re- gime of the late Generalissimo Franco and confirmed Juan Carlos I as monarch, but without the exceptional powers inherited from Franco on being proclaimed King 22 November 1975 Political subdivisions: metropolitan Spain, including the Canaries and Balearics, di- vided into 50 provinces, which form 17 autonomous regions assuming numerous powers previously exercised by the central government; also five places of sovereignty (presidios) on the Mediterranean coast of Mo- rocco; transferred administration of Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania on 26 February 1976 Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications; new constitution provides for rule of law, established jury system as well as independent constitutional court to rule on unconstitutionality of laws and to serve as court of last resort in protecting liberties and rights granted in constitution; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, with King's acts subject to countersignature, Prime Minister (Presidente) and his ministers responsible to lower house; bicameral legislature-Cortes Generales, consisting of more powerful Con- gress of Deputies (350 members) and Senate (208 members), with possible addition of one to six members from each new autonomous region; judiciary, independent Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Government leaders: JUAN CARLOS I, King (since November 1975); Felipe GON- ZALEZ Marquez, Prime Minister (Presidente; since December 1982) Suffrage: universal at age 18 Elections: parliamentary election 28 Octo- ber 1982 for four-year term; local elections for municipal councils April 1983; regional elections staggered Political parties and leaders: principal na- tional parties, from right to left-Popular Alliance (AP), Manuel Fraga Iribarne; Popu- lar Democratic Party (PDP), Oscar Alzaga; Liberal Union (UL), Jose Antonio Segurado; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Adolfo Suarez; Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe Gonzalez Marquez; Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Gerardo Iglesias; chief regional parties-Convergence and Unity (CiU), Jordi Pujol, in Catalonia; Re- publican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Herribert Barrera; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Ro- man Sudure; Basque radical coalitions Popular Unity (HB) and Basque Left (EE); Andalusian Party (PA), Luis Urunuela; Dem- ocratic Reform Party (PRD), Antonio Garrigues Walker Voting strength: (1982 parliamentary elec- tion in lower house) PSOE 46%, and 202 seats (26 seats over a majority); AP, PDP, and UL in coalition 25.4%, 106 seats; UCD 7.31%, 12 seats; PCE 3.9%, 4 seats; CiU 3.7%, 12 seats; CDS 2.9%, 2 seats; PNV 1.9%, 8 seats; HB 1 %, 2 seats; EE.47%, 1 seat; ERC.47%, 1 seat; PA .33% 0 seats Communists: PCE membership has de- clined from a possible high of 160,000 in 1977 to roughly 60,000 today; the party lost 64% of its voters and 20 deputies in the 1982 election; remaining strength is in labor where it domi- nates the Workers Commissions trade union (one of the country's two major labor cen- trals), which claims a membership of about 1 million; experienced a modest recovery in 1983 municipal election, receiving 8% of the vote Other political or pressure groups: on the ex- treme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to oppose the government; free la- bor unions (authorized in April 1977) include the Communist-dominated Workers Com- missions (CCOO); the Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller in- dependent Workers Syndical Union (USO); the Catholic Church; business and landown- ing interests; Opus Dei; university students Member of. Andean Pact (observer), ASSIMER, Council of Europe, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Develop- ment Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO; applied for full membership in the EC 28 July 1977 Economy GNP: $156.4 billion (1983); 70% private con- sumption, 12% government consumption, 19% gross fixed capital investment; -1 % net exports; real growth rate 2.3% (1983) Agriculture: main crops-grains, vegetables, fruits; virtually self-sufficient in good crop years Fishing: catch, 1,248,882 metric tons (1982) Major industries: textiles and apparel (in- cluding footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles Crude steel: 12.7 million metric tons pro- duced (1983), 332 kg per capita Electric power: 37,815,000 kW capacity (1984); 119.887 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,120 kWh per capita Exports: $19.76 billion (f.o.b., 1983); princi- pal items-iron and steel products, machinery, automobiles, fruits and vegeta- bles, textiles, footwear Imports: $29.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items-fuels (40%), machinery, chemicals, iron and steel, vegetables, automobiles Major trade partners: (1983) 48% EC, 7% US, 8% other developed countries, 3% Commu- nist countries, 33% less developed countries Aid: economic commitments-US authori- zations, $1.9 billion, including Ex-Im (FY70- 83); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $545.0 million (1970-79); military authoriza- tions-US (FY70-83), $1.6 billion Budget: (1983 central government) revenues, $26 billion; expenditures, $34 billion; deficit, $8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 169.96 pesetas=US $1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 16,282 km total; Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 13,543 km 1.668-meter gauge, 6,156 km electrified, and 2,295 km double track; FEVE (government- owned narrow-gauge railways) operates 1,821 km, of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge, and 441 km electrified; privately owned railways operate 918 km, of predomi- nantly 1.000-meter gauge, 512 km electrified, and 56 km double track Highways: 149,352 km total; 82,070 km na- tional 2,433 km limited-access divided highway, 63,042 km bituminous treated, 17,038 km intermediate bituminous, con- crete, or stone block; the remaining 67,282 km are provincial or local roads (bituminous treated, intermediate bituminous, or stone block) Inland waterways: 1,045 km; of minor im- portance as transport arteries and contribute little to economy Pipelines: 265 km crude oil; 1,719 km refined products; 1,130 km natural gas Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Spain (continued) Airfields: (including Balearic and Canary Is- lands) 117 total, 113 usable; 61 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 33 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: generally adequate, modern facilities; 13.3 million telephones (35.0 per 100 popl.); 175 AM, 293 FM, 1,405 TV stations; 20 coaxial submarine cables; 2 satellite stations with total of 5 antennas Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,310,000; 7,565,000 fit for military service; 344,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $3.5 billion; 10.2% of the central government budget Gulf of Mannar Bay of Bengal Will See regional map Vnl Land 65,610 km2; about one-half the size of North Carolina; 44% forest; 31% waste, urban, or other; 25% cultivated Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm; also pearling in the Gulf of Mannar) People Population: 16,206,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.8% Nationality: noun-Sri Lankan(s); adjec- tive-Sri Lankan Ethnic divisions: 74% Sinhalese; 18% Tamil; 7% Moor; 1% Burgher, Malay, and Veddoh Religion: 69% Buddhist, 15% Hindu, 8% Christian, 8% Muslim, 0.1% other Language: Sinhala (official); Sinhala and Tamil listed as national languages; Sinhala spoken by about 74% of population; Tamil spoken by about 18%; English commonly used in government and spoken by about 10% of the population Labor force: 4 million; 15% unemployed; employed persons-45.9% agriculture, 13.3% mining and manufacturing, 12.4% trade and transport, 26.3% services and other; extensive underemployment Organized labor: about 33% of labor force, over 50% of which employed on tea, rubber, and coconut estates Government Official name: Democratic Socialist Repub- lic of Sri Lanka Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 24 ad- ministrative districts, and four categories of semiautonomous elected local governments Legal system: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Mus- lim, and customary law; new constitution 7 September 1978 reinstituted a strong, inde- pendent judiciary; legal education at Sri Lanka Law College and University of Co- lombo; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 May Branches: the 1978 constitution established a strong presidential form of government un- der J. R. Jayewardene, who had been Prime Minister since his party's election victory in July 1977; Jayewardene was elected to a sec- ond term in October 1982 and will serve until 1989 regardless of whether Parliament is dis- solved; the current Parliament was extended until August 1989 by a national referendum held in December 1982 Government leader: Junius Richard JAYEWARDENE, President (since 1978) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: national elections ordinarily held every six years; must be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; the con- stitution was amended in August 1982 to permit the President to call early presidential election Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Political parties and leaders: Sri Lanka Free- dom Party (SLFP), Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike; Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP; Trotskyite), C. R. de Silva; Nava Sama Samaja Party (NSSP), V. Nanayakkara; Tamil United Liberation Front, A. Amirthalingam; United National Party (UNP), J. R. Jayewardene; Communist Party/Moscow, K. P. Silva; Communist Party/Peking, N. Shanmugathasan; Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front), M. B. Ratnayaka; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP; People's Liberation Front), Rohana Wijeweera; All-Ceylon Tamil Con- gress, Kumar Ponnambalam Electric power: 642,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.1 billion kWh produced (1984), 132 kWh per capita Exports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1983); tea, rub- ber, petroleum products, textiles Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1983); petroleum, machinery, transport equipment, sugar Major trade partners: (1982) exports-14% US, 6% UK; imports-15% Saudi Arabia, 14% Japan Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, Navy, Police Force Voting strength: (October 1982 presidential election) UNP 52.91%, SLFP 39.07%, JVP 4.18%, All Ceylon Tamil Congress 2.67%, LSSP.9%, NSSP.27% Communists: approximately 107,000 voted for the Communist Party in the July 1977 general election; Communist Party/Moscow approximately 5,000 members (1975), Com- munist Party/Peking 1,000 members (1970 est.) Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups; far- left violent revolutionary groups; labor unions; Tamil separatist groups Member of: ADB, ANRPC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, 1BRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, I'TU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; is applying for membership in ASEAN Economy GDP: $4.9 billion (1983), $316 per capita; real growth rate 4.9% (1983) Agriculture: agriculture accounts for about 25% of GDP; main crops-rice, rubber, tea, coconuts Fishing: catch 211,000 metric tons (1982 est.) Major industries: processing of rubber, tea, and other agricultural commodities; con- sumer goods manufacture; garment industry Budget: (1983) revenues, $1.0 billion; expen- ditures, $1.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: 25.990 rupees=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,496 km total (1980); all 1.435- meter broad gauge; 102 km double track; no electrification; government owned Highways: 66,176 km total (1979); 24,300 km paved (mostly bituminous treated), 28,916 km crushed stone or gravel, 12,960 km im- proved earth or unimproved earth; in addition, several thousand km of tracks, mostly unmotorable Inland waterways: 430 km; navigable by shallow-draft craft Pipelines: crude, 14 km; refined products, 55 km Civil air: 8 major transport (including 1 leased) Airfields: 14 total, 10 usable; 10 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good international service; 75,000 (est.) telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 16 AM, 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; submarine cables extend to India; I ground satellite station Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,301,000; 3,378,000 fit for military service; 1.88,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $117.6 million, 5% of cen- tral government estimated budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Boundary represontat,on is not necessarily authontatne employment coexist with urban unemploy- ment Economy GDP: $7.31 billion at current prices (FY84), $346 per capita at current prices (FY83) Land 2,505,813 km2; over one-fourth the size of the US; 37% arable (3% cultivated); 33% desert, waste, or urban; 15% grazing; 15% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") 'eople opulation: 21,761,000 (July 1985), average tnual growth rate 2.7% ttionality: noun-Sudanese (sing. and pl.); jective-Sudanese hnic divisions: 52% black, 39% Arab, 6% a, 2% foreigners, 1% other gion: 70% Sunni Muslim in north, 20% ;venous beliefs, 5% Christian (mostly in h) nguage: Arabic (of` ial), Nubian, Ta dawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo- lmitic, and Sudanic languages, English; cam of Arabization in process Labor force: 8.6 million (1979); roughly 78% agriculture, 12% services, 10% industry; la- bor shortages for almost all categories of Government Official name: Democratic Republic of the Sudan Type: republic tinder military control since coup in May 1969 Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; in September 1983 Presi- dent Nimeiri declared the penal code would conform to Islamic law; some separate reli- gious courts; permanent constitution promulgated April 1973; legal education at University of Khartoum and extension of Cairo University at Khartoum; accepts com- pulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 1 Jan- uary Branches: President and Cabinet; unicam- eral legislature (151-member National People's Assembly); regional assemblies Government leader: General Abdel Rahman SUWAR EL DAHAB, Chairman, Transi- tional Military Council (since 9 April 1985) Elections: presidential referendum last held in 1983 Political parties and leaders: all political par- ties outlawed since May 1969 Other political or pressure groups: Muslim Brotherhood has participated actively in gov- ernment since 1977; Ansar Muslim sect and National Unionist Party do not participate directly in government Member of: AfDB, APC, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Agriculture: main crops-sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans, barley; not self-sufficient in food production; main cash crops-cotton, gum arabic, peanuts, sesame Major industries: cotton ginning, textiles, brewery, cement, edible oils, soap, distilling, shoes, pharmaceuticals Electric power: 450,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.419 billion kWh produced (1984), 67 kWh per capita Exports: $790 million (f.o.b., FY84 prof.); cot- ton (31%), gum arabic, peanuts, sesame; $40 million exports to Communist countries (FY82) Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., FY84 prof.); tex- tiles, petroleum products, foodstuffs, transport equipment, manufactured goods Major trade partners: UK, FRG, Italy, US, Saudi Arabia, France, Egypt, Japan Budget: (FY84) public revenue $1.24 billion, total expenditures $2.9 billion, including development expenditure of $498 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.32 Sudanese pounds=US$1 (October 1984) official; 2.60 Sudanese pounds=US$1 free market (Octo- ber 1984) Communications Railroads: 5,516 km total; 4,800 km 1.067- meter gauge, 716 km 1.6096-meter gauge 'plantation line Highways: 20,000 km total; 2,000 km bitumi- nous treated, 4,000 km gravel, 2,304 km improved earth; remainder unimproved earth and track Inland waterways: 5,310 km navigable Pipelines: refined products, 815 km Ports: 1 major (Port Sudan) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Airfields: 89 total, 79 usable; 9 with perma- nent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 32 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: large system by Afri- can standards, but barely adequate; consists of radio relay, cables, radio communications, and troposcatter; domestic satellite system with 14 stations; 68,500 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, no FM, 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air De- fense Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,006,000; 3,059,000 fit for military service; 229,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 14 September 1985, $211.5 million; 10% of cen- tral government budget Land 163,265 km2; slightly larger than Georgia; negligible arable land, meadow and pasture; 76% forest; 16% built on, waste, or other; 8% unused but potentially productive Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 377,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.8% Nationality: noun-Surinamer(s); adjec- tive-Surinamese Ethnic divisions: 37% Hindustani (East In- dian), 31% Creole (black and mixed), 15.3% Javanese, 10.3% Bush Negro, 2.6% Amerin- dian, 1.7% Chinese, 1.0% Europeans, 1.7% other Religion: Hindu, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Moravian, other Language: Dutch (official); English widely spoken; Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, some- times called Taki-Taki) is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others; Hindi; Ja- vanese Labor force: 100,000; unemployment 20% (1983) Government Official name: Republic of Suriname Political subdivisions: 9 districts, each headed by District Commissioner responsi- ble to Minister of Internal Affairs, Local Administration, and Justice; 100 People's Committees" installed at local level Legal system: suspended constitution; judi- cial system functions in ordinary civil and criminal cases National holiday: Independence Day, 25 November Branches: civilian government controlled by the military Government leaders: Lt. Col. Desire BOUTERSE, Army Commander and strongman (since February 1980); Lachmipersad Frederick RAMDAT- MISIER, Acting President (figurehead; since February 1982); Willem Alfred UDEN- HOUT, Prime Minister (since February 1984) Political parties and leaders: 25 February National Unity Movement (November 1983) established by Bouterse; regular party activ- ity officially suspended, although some continue low-level functioning; leftists (all small groups)-Revolutionary People's Party (RVP), Michael Naarendorp; Progressive Workers and Farmers (PALU), Iwan Krolis Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Suriname (continued) Member of. ECLA, FAO, GATT, G-77, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB-Inter-American Devel- opment Bank, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: $1.298 billion (1983); $3,250 per capita (1983); real growth rate -3.3% (1983) Agriculture: main crops-rice, sugarcane, bananas Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing Electric power: 400,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,784 kWh per capita Exports: $429 million (f.o.b., 1982); alumina, bauxite, aluminum, rice, wood and wood products Imports: $457 million (c.i.f., 1983); capital equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, cotton, flour, meat, dairy products Major trade partners: exports-41% US, 33% EC, 12% other European countries; im- ports-33% EC, 31% US, 16% Caribbean countries (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im-US (FY70-83), $2.5 million, Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $1.4 billion; no military aid Budget: revenues, $289 million; expendi- tures, $441 million (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 1.76 Suriname guilders=US$1 (November 1984) Communications Railroads: 166 km total; 86 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned, and 80 km 1.435- meter standard gauge; all single track Highways: 8,800 km total; 1,000 km paved, 5,400 km bauxite gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth Inland waterways: 1,200 km; most impor- tant means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging from 4.2 m to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways while native canoes navigate upper reaches Airfields: 39 total, 38 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways;1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: international facili- ties good; domestic radio-relay system; 27,500 telephones (6.3 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 10 FM, 6 TV stations; 2 Atlantic satellite sta- tions Defense Forces Branches: National Army (including Infan- try Battalion, Military Police Brigade Navy [company-size], Air Force) Military manpower: males 15-49, 71,000; 43,000 fit for military service Military budget: 1983, $41.8 million; 8.2% of central government budget Land 17,363 km2; slightly smaller than New Jersey; mostly crop or pasture People Population: 671,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.0% Nationality: noun-Swazi(s); adjective- Swazi Ethnic divisions: 96% African, 3% European, 1% mulatto Religion: 57% Christian, 43% indigenous be- liefs Language: English and siSwati (official); gov- ernment business conducted in English Labor force: 195,000; over 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture; 55,000-60,000 wage earners, many only intermittently, with 36% agriculture and forestry, 20% community and social services, 14% manufacturing, 9% construction, 21 % other; 12,000 employed in South Africa (1982) Organized labor: about 15% of wage earners are unionized Government Official name: Kingdom of Swaziland Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth since September 1968 Capital: Mbabane (administrative) Economy GDP: approximately $580 million (1983), about $900 per capita; annual real growth 1.7% (1979-82) Telecommunications: system consists of car- rier-equipped open-wire lines and low capacity radio-relay links; 15,400 telephones (2.3 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 8 FM, 11 TV sta- tions; Atlantic Ocean satellite station Political subdivisions: 4 administrative dis- tricts Legal system: based on South African Ro- man-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Somhlolo (Independence) Day, 6 September Branches: constitution was repealed and Par- liament dissolved by King Sobhuza II (deceased August 1982) in April 1973; new bicameral Parliament (Senate, House of As- sembly) formally opened in January 1979; 80-member electoral college chose 40 mem- bers of lower house and 10 members of upper house; additional 10 members for each house chosen by King; executive authority vested in the King or Queen (with the advice of the Supreme Council of State), whose assent is required before parliamentary acts become law; King's authority exercised through Prime Minister and Cabinet who must be members of Parliament; judiciary is part of Ministry of Justice but otherwise indepen- dent of executive and legislative branches; cases from subordinate courts can be ap- pealed to the High Court and the Court of Appeal Government leaders: Head of State, Ntombi THWALA, Queen Regent (since September 1983); Prince Bhekimpi DLAMINI, Prime Minister (since March 1983) Suffrage: universal for adults Member of. AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Agriculture: main crops-maize, cotton, rice, sugar, and citrus fruits Electric power: 115,000 kW capacity (1984); 150 million kWh produced (1984), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $330 million (f.o.b., 1983); sugar, as- bestos, wood and forest products, citrus, and canned fruit Imports: $464 million (f.o.b., 1983); motor vehicles, chemicals, petroleum products, and foodstuffs ' Major trade partners: South Africa, UK, US; member of South African Customs Union Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 82), $280 million; US (FY70-83), $73 million Budget: 1983/84 (est.)-revenues, $170 mil- lion; current expenditures, $120 million Monetary conversion rate: the Swazi lilangeni exchanges at par with the South Af- rican rand; 2.1 emalangeni=US$1 (30 December 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: 515 km 1.067-meter gauge, single track Highways: 2,853 km total; 510 km paved, 1,230 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, and 1,113 km improved earth Airfields: 27 total, 27 usable; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Defense Forces Branches: Swaziland Umbutfo Defense Force, Royal Swaziland Police Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 146,000; 84,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 e o` ti Ba/tic V See Werner; Swedish Communist Party (SKP), Roland Pettersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel Voting strength: (1982 election) 45.9% Social Democratic, 23.6% Moderate Coalition, 15.5% Center, 5.9% Liberal, 5.6% Commu- nist, 3.8% other Communists: VPK and SKP; VPK, the major Communist party, is reported to have roughly 17,800 members; in the 1982 elec- tion, the VPK attracted 308,899 votes; in addition, there are 4 other active Communist parties, for which membership figures are not available; in the 1982 elections, these par- ties obtained an additional 6,500 votes Land 449,964 km2; larger than California; 55% for- est, 7% arable, 2% meadow and pasture, 36% other Land boundaries: 2,196 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 8,338,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun-Swede(s); adjective- Swedish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white popu- lation; small Lappish minority; est. 12% foreign born or first generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks) Religion: 93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finn- ish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages Labor force: 4.35 million; 31% private ser- vices; 30.6% government services; 21.9% mining and manufacturing; 7.2% construc- tion; 5.2% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks; 3.5% unemployed (1983 average) Government Official name: Kingdom of Sweden Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Stockholm Political subdivisions: 24 counties, 278 municipalities (townships) Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; a new constitution was adopted in 1975 replacing the Acts of 1809, 1866, and 1949; legal education at Universi- ties of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: no national holiday; King's birthday, 30 April, celebrated as such by Swedish embassies Branches: legislative authority rests with uni- cameral parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in Cabinet, responsible to par- liament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts Government leaders: CARL XVI Gustaf, King (since September 1973); Olof PALME, Prime Minister (since September 1982) Suffrage: universal but not compulsory over age 18; after three years of legal residence immigrants may vote in county and munici- pal but not national elections Elections: every three years (next in Septem- ber 1985) Political parties and leaders: Moderate coali- tion (conservative), Ulf Adelsohn; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; People's Party (Liberal), Bengt Westerberg; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Left Party-Communist (VPK), Lars Member of. ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whal- ing Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: $86.9 billion, $10,434 per capita (1983); 53.3% private consumption, 12.7% private investment, 29.7% government con- sumption; 6.0% public investment; 1.0% change in stock building; 0.9% net exports of goods and services; 1983 growth rate, 2.3% Agriculture: animal husbandry predomi- nates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops-grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets Fishing: catch 259,000 metric tons (1982), ex- ports $76 million, imports $199.1 million Major industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Shortages: coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt, oils and fats, tropical products Crude steel: 3.9 million metric tons produced (1982), 468 kg per capita Electric power: 36,841,000 kW capacity (1984); 112.885 billion kWh produced (1984), 13,544 kWh per capita Exports: $26.28 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machin- ery, motor vehicles, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals Imports: $25.022 billion (c.i.f., 1983); ma- chinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, live animals Major trade partners: EC 46.1%, other de- veloped 33.9%, non-OPEC less developed countries 7.7%, OPEC 7.2%, CEMA 3.0% (1982) Aid: donor-economic aid commitments (ODA and OOF) (1970-82), $4.8 billion Budget: (1984/85) revenues $28.0 billion, ex- penditures $38.1 billion, deficit $10.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 8.7 kronor=US$1 (1 November 1983) Communications Railroads: 12,518 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)-11,179 km 1.435-meter stan- dard gauge, 6,959 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gauge; 117 km rail ferry service; privately owned railways-511 kin 1.435-meter standard gauge, 332 km electrified; 371 km 0.891- meter gauge electrified Highways: classified network, 97,400 km, of which 51,899 km paved; 20,659 km gravel; 24,842 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges Airfields: 262 total, 258 usable; 136 with per- manent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 89 with runways 1,220- 2,439 in Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international facilities; 7.13 million tele- phones (85.5 per 100 pop].); 3 AM, 343 FM, 814 TV stations; 9 submarine coaxial cables, 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal Swedish Army, Royal Swed- ish Air Force, Royal Swedish Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,086,000; 1,848,000 fit for military service; 62,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $2.7 billion proposed; about 7.4% of proposed central government budget Land 41,228 km2; the size of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode island combined; 43% meadow and pasture, 24% forest, 20% waste or urban, 3% inland water People Population: 6,512,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.2% Nationality: noun-Swiss (sing. & pl.); adjec- tive-Swiss Ethnic divisions: total population-65% German, 18% French, 10% Italian, 1% Ro- mansch, 5% other; Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Ro- mansch, 1% other Religion: 49% Catholic, 48% Protestant, 0.3% Jewish Language: total population-65% German, 18% French, 12% Italian, 1% Romansch, 4% other; Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Labor force: 3.05 million, about 706,000 for- eign workers, mostly Italian; 42% services, 39% industry and crafts, 11% government, 7% agriculture and forestry, 1% other; ap- proximately 0.8% unemployed in October 1983 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Switzerland (continued) Organized labor: 20% of labor force Government Official name: Swiss Confederation Type: federal republic Capital: Bern Political subdivisions: 23 cantons (3 divided into half cantons) Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; constitution adopted 1874, amended since; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; legal education at Universities of Bern, Geneva, and Lau- sanne and four other university schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 1 August Branches: bicameral parliament (National Council, Council of States) has legislative au- thority; federal council (Bundesrat) has executive authority; justice left chiefly to cantons Government leader: Kurt FURGLER, Presi- dent (1985; presidency rotates annually) Elections: held every four years; next elec- tions 1987 Political parties and leaders: Social Demo- cratic Party (SPS), Helmuth Hubacher, president; Radical Democratic Party (FDP), Yann Richter, president; Christian Demo- cratic People's Party (CVP), Hans Wyer, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Fritz Hofmann, chairman; Labor Party (PdA), Armand Magnin, chairman; National Action Party (NA), Hans Zwicky, chairman; Independents' Party (LdU), Walter Biel, president; Republican Movement (Rep); Lib- eral Party (LPS) Bud Thi Sazrasin, president; Evangelical People's Party (EVP), Paul Gysel, president; Maoist Party (POSH/PSA); Green Party (GP); Autonomous Socialist Party (PSA), Werner Carobbio, secretary; Progressive Swiss Organization (POS), George Degen, secretary Voting strength: (1983 election) 23.4% FDP, 22.8% SPS, 20.5% CVP, 11.1% SVP, 3.5% NA, 2.9% GP, 16.1% others Member of. ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ELDO (observer), ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDB- Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, UNESCO, UPU, World Confederation of Labor, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO; permanent ob- server status at the UN; does not hold UN membership Economy GNP: $100.2 billion (1983), $15,390 per cap- ita; 60% consumption, 22% investment, 0.13% government, -1% net foreign bal- ance; real growth rate 0% (1983) Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient; food short- ages-fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat Major industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments Shortages: practically all important raw ma- terials except hydroelectric energy Electric power: 16,690,000 kW capacity (1984); 56.203 billion kWh produced (1984), 8,650 kWh per capita Exports: $25.6 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-machinery and equipment, chemi- cals, precision instruments, metal products, textiles, foodstuffs Imports: $28.6 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items-machinery and transportation equip- ment, metals and metal products, foodstuffs, chemicals, textile fibers and yarns Major trade partners: 57% EC, 22% other developed, 4% Communist, 15% less devel- oped countries Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ted, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $1.1 billion Budget: receipts, $8.45 billion; expenditures, $9.0 billion; deficit, $0.55 billion (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 2.44 francs=US$1 (third quarter 1984) Communications Railroads: 5,157 km total; 2,952 km govern- ment owned (SBB), 2,879 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 73 km 1.000-meter narrow gauge; 1,432 km double track, 99% electri- fied; 2,203 km nongovernment owned, 710 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 1,418 km 1.000-meter gauge, 75 km 0.790-meter gauge, 100% electrified Highways: 62,145 km total (all paved), of which 18,620 km are canton and 1,057 km are national highways (740 km autobahn); 42,468 km are communal roads Pipelines: 314 km crude oil; 1,046 km natural gas Inland waterways: 65 km; Rhine River- Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Constanz; in addition, there are 12 navigable lakes Airfields: 75 total, 72 usable; 42 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic, international, and broadcast services; 4.98 million telephones (77.0 per 100 popl.); 7 AM, 209 FM, 1,203 TV stations; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,707,000; 1,475,000 fit for military service; 50,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $1.9 billion; 20.1% of proposed central government budget Boundary rep,, entahon is not necessarily authoritative Land 185,180 km2 (including 1,295 km2 of Israeli- occupied territory); the size of North Dakota; 48% arable, 29% grazing, 21% desert, 2% for- est Land boundaries: 2,196 km (1967)(excluding occupied area 2,156 km) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 35 nm People Population: 10,535,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.7% Nationality: noun-Syrian(s); adjective- Syrian Ethnic divisions: 90.3% Arab; 9.7% Kurds, Armenians, and other Religion: 74% Sunni Muslim; 16% Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects; 10% Chris- tian (various sects) Language: Arabic (official), Kurdish, Arme- nian, Aramaic, Circassian; French and English widely understood Labor force: 2.3 million; 37% miscellaneous services, 32% agriculture, 31% industry (including construction); majority unskilled; shortage of skilled labor Government Official name: Syrian Arab Republic Type: republic; under leftwing military re- gime since March 1963 Political subdivisions: 13 provinces and city of Damascus administered as separate unit Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; constitu- tion promulgated in 1973; legal education at Damascus University and University of Aleppo; has not accepted compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 17 April Branches: executive powers vested in Presi- dent and Council of Ministers; power rests in unicameral legislative (People's Council); seat of power is the Rath Party Regional (Syr- ian) Command Government leader: Lt. Gen. Hafiz al- ASSAD, President (since February 1971) Elections: People's Council election Novem- ber 1983; presidential election February 1985 Political parties and leaders: ruling party is the Arab Socialist Resurrectionist (Ba'th) Party; the Progressive National Front is dom- inated by Ba'thists but includes independents and members of the Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), Arab Socialist Union (ASU), So- cialist Unionist Movement, and Syrian Communist Party (SCP) Communists: mostly sympathizers, number- ing about 5,000 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Syria (continued) Other political or pressure groups: non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influ- ence; Communist Party ineffective; greatest threat to Assad regime lies in factionalism in the military; conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GDP: $19.7 billion (1983), $1,964 per capita; real GDP growth rate 3% (1983) Agriculture: main crops-cotton, wheat, barley, tobacco; sheep and goat raising; self- sufficient in most foods in years of good weather Major industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco; petroleum-163,000b/d production (1982), 220,000 b/d refining ca- pacity Electric power: 2,257,000 kW capacity (1984);5.93 billion kWh produced (1984), 588 kWh per capita Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petroleum, textiles and textile products, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, cotton Imports: $7.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petro- leum, machinery and metal products, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-Italy, Roma- nia, US, USSR; imports-Iran, FRG, Italy, Saudi Arabia Budget: 1983-revenues $5.4 billion (exclud- ing Arab aid payments); expenditures $8.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.925 Syrian pounds=US$1(official rate, February 1984); two other officially sanctioned rates-the "parallel" and "tourist" rates are determined by the government guided by supply and de- mand Communications Railroads: 1,543 km total; 1,281 km standard gauge, 262 km 1.050-meter narrow gauge Highways: 16,939 km total; 12,051 km paved, 2,625 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,263 km improved earth Inland waterways: 672 km; of little impor- tance Pipelines: 1,304 km crude oil; 515 km refined products Ports: 3 major (Tartus, Latakia, Baniyas), 2 minor Airfields: 77 total, 71 usable; 27 with perma- nent-surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system currently undergoing significant improvement; 472,000 telephones (4.7 per 100 pop).); 9 AM, no FM, 40 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satel- lite station; 1 Intersputnik satellite station under construction;1 submarine cable; coax- ial cable and radio-relay to Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, and Lebanon (inactive) Defense Forces Branches: Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,316,000; 1,298,000 fit for military service; about 109,000 reach military age (19) annually Lake Nyasa See regional map VII Q Indian Ocean Land 942,623 km2 (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, 2,642 km2); more than twice the size of California; forest 45%, meadow and pasture 37%, inland water 6%, arable 4%, crop 1%, other 7% Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 1,424 km (this includes 113 km Mafia Island, 177 kin Pemba Island, and 212 km Zanzibar) People Population: 21,733,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun-Tanzanian(s); adjec- tive-Tanzanian Ethnic divisions: mainland-99% native Af- rican consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1% Asian, European, and Arab; Zanzibar- almost all Arab Religion: mainland-33% Christian, 33% Muslim, 33% indigenous beliefs; Zanzibar- almost all Muslim Language: Swahili and English (official); En- glish primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education; Swa- hili widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first aDndorOT Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 language of most people is one of the local languages; primary education is generally in Swahili External debt: $2.8 billion (1983); debt ser- vice ratio 68.1% (1984-not including IMF) Labor force: 208,680 in paid employment (1983); 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce Government Official name: United Republic of Tanzania Type: republic; single party constitutionally supreme on the mainland and on Zanzibar Political subdivisions: 25 regions-20 on mainland, 5 on Zanzibar Legal system: based on English common law; permanent constitution adopted 1977, re- placed interim constitution adopted 1965; Zanzibar has its own constitution but remains subject to provisions of the union constitu- tion; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Dar es Salaam; has not ac- cepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Union Day, 26 April; Inde- pendence Day, 9 December Branches: President Julius Nyerere has full executive authority on the mainland; Na- tional Assembly dominated by Nyerere and the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party); National Assembly consists of 233 members, 72 from Zanzibar, of whom 10 are directly elected, 65 appointed from the mainland, and 96 directly elected from the mainland (these numbers are slated to be changed when amendments to the Constitu- tion are approved) Government leaders: Julius Kambarage NYERERE, President (Chief Minister 1960- 62; President since 1962); Ali Hassan MWINYI, Vice President (since April 1972) and President of Zanzibar (since October 1980); Salim Ahmed SALIM, Prime Minister (since November 1979) Political party and leader: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party), only po- litical party, dominated by Nyerere; has considerable power over domestic policies and the enforcement of them Voting strength: (October 1980 national elections) close to 7 million registered voters; Nyerere received 93% of about 6 million votes cast; general elections scheduled for late 1985 Communists: a few Communist sympathiz- ers, especially on Zanzibar Member of. AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77; GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $4.2 billion (1984), $210 per capita; real growth rate, 0.6% (1984 prelim.) Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, si- sal on mainland; cloves and coconuts on Zanzibar Major industries: primarily agricultural pro- cessing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products Electric power: 429,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.127 billion kWh produced (1984), 53 kWh per capita Exports: $396 million (f.o.b., 1984); coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, cloves, to- bacco, tea, coconut products Imports: $831 million (c.i.f., 1984); manufac- tured goods, machinery and transport equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-FRG, UK, US; imports-FRG, UK, US, Iran Budget: (1984/85) revenues, $891.8 million; current expenditures, $1.017 billion; devel- opment expenditures, $359.5 million Aid: economic aid commitments from West- ern (non-US) countries (1970-79), ODA and OOF, $100 million; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $200 million Monetary conversion rate: 17 Tanzanian shillings=US$1 (14 June 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067- meter gauge; 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track; 962 km Tan-Zam Rail- road 1.067-meter gauge in Tanzania Highways: total 34,260 km, 3,620 km paved; 5,529 km gravel or crushed stone; remainder improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,168 km of navigable streams; several thousand km navigable on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Malawi Ports: 3 major (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga) Airfields: 101 total, 94 usable; 11 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, radio relay, and troposcatter; 96,600 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, no FM, 2 TV stations;1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force includes Army, Navy, and Air Force; para- military Police'Field Force Unit Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,569,000; 2,624,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Type: constitutional monarchy Economy GNP: $40.3 billion (1983), $790 per capita; ' Capital: Bangkok 5.8% real growth in 1983 (8.2% real growth, Chiang 1975-79) Political subdivisions: 73 centrally con- trolled provinces Agriculture: main crops-rice, sugar, corn, rubber manioc BAtNQKOK , I Legal system: based on civil law system, with influences of common law; legal education at Fishing: catch 1.9 million metric tons (1982); Thammasat University; has not accepted major fishery export, shrimp, 20,150 metric Gulf of Thailand compulsory ICJ jurisdiction tons, about $138 million (1983) Andaman Sea National holiday: Birthday of the King, 5 Major industries: agricultural processing, December textiles, wood and wood products, cement, tin and tungsten ore mining; world's second Branches: King is head of state with nominal largest tungsten producer and third largest powers; bicameral legislature (National As- tin producer sembly-Senate appointed by King, elected Land House of Representatives); judiciary rela- Shortages: fuel sources, including coal and 514,820 km2; about the size of Texas; 56% tively independent except in important petroleum; scrap iron; and fertilizer forest, 24% farm, 20% other political subversive cases Electric power: 4,976,000 kW capacity Government leaders: BHUMIBOL (1984); 19.1 billion kWh produced (1984), 370 ADULYADEJ, King (since June 1946); Gen. kWh per capita Water (Ret.) PREM TINSULANONDA, Prime Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Minister (since March 1980) Exports: $6.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); rice, sugar, (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) corn, rubber, tin, tapioca, kenaf Imports: $10.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery and transport equipment, fuels and People lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertil- Population: 52,700,000 (July 1985), average Political parties: Social Action Party, Thai izer annual growth rate 1.9% Nation Party, Thai People's Party, Thai Citi- zen Party, Democrat Party, Freedom and Major trade partners: exports-Japan, US, Nationality: noun-Thai (sing. and pl.); ad- Justice Party, Nation and People Party, New Singapore, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Malay- jective-Thai Force Party, National Democracy Party; sia; imports-Japan, US, FRG, UK, other small parties represented in parliament Singapore, Saudi Arabia; about 1% or less Ethnic divisions: 75% Thai, 14% Chinese, along with numerous independents trade with Communist countries 11 % other Communists: strength of illegal Communist Budget: (FY83) estimate of expenditures, Religion: 95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% Party is about 1,000; Thai Communist insur- $7.7 billion other gents throughout Thailand total an estimated 7,000, perhaps as low as 2,000 Monetary conversion rate: 27 baht=US$1 Language: Thai; English secondary language (November 1984) of elite; ethnic and regional dialects Member of ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, ASPAC, Association of Tin Producing Countries, Co- lombo Plan, GATT, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, Communications Labor force: 23.4 million (1981 est.); 76% ag- ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, Railroads: 3,800 km 1.000-meter gauge, 97 riculture, 9% industry and commerce, 9% IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, km double track; 140 km 1.000-meter gauge services, 6% government WHO, WMO, WTO under construction from Chachoeng Sao to Sattahip Government Official name: Kingdom of Thailand Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Highways: 34,950 km total; 16,244 km paved, 5,353 km improved earth; 13,373 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,999 km principal wa- terways; 3,701 km with navigable depths of 0.9 m or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft Pipelines: natural gas, 600 km Ports: 2 major, 16 minor Civil air: 30 (plus 2 leased) major transport aircraft Airfields: 131 total, 106 usable; 56 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service to general public adequate; bulk of service to govern- ment activities provided by multichannel cable and radio-relay network; satellite ground station; domestic satellite system be- ing developed; 496,558 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); approx. 150 AM, 20 FM, 10 TV transmitters in government-controlled net- works Defense Forces Branches: Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,604,000; 8,349,000 fit for military service; about 634,000 reach military age (18) annu- ally Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1985, $1.3 million; 19.45% of cen- tral government budget Togo Land 56,980 km2; slightly larger than West Vir- ginia; nearly 50% arable, under 15% cultivated Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 3,018,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun-Togolese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Togolese Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese Religion: about 70% indigenous beliefs, 20% Christian, 10% Muslim Language: French, both official and lan- guage of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north Labor force: 78% agriculture, 22% industry; about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors Organized labor: one national union, the Na- tional Federation of Togolese Workers Government Official name: Republic of Togo Type: republic; one-party presidential re- gime with a centralized national administration Capital: Lome Political subdivisions: 21 circumscriptions Legal system: French-based court system with a court of appeals National holiday: Independence Day, 27 April Branches: strong executive President; uni- cameral legislature (National Assembly); separate judiciary, including State Security Court, established in 1970; a new constitution was endorsed by referendum in 1979 that provided for an elective presidential system and a 67-member National Assembly Government leader: Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, President (since 1967) Elections: to be held every seven years; last held in December 1979; General Eyadema, the sole candidate, was elected by almost 100% of votes cast Political party: single party formed by Presi- dent Eyadema in September 1969, Rally of the Togolese People (RPT); structure and staffing of party closely controlled by govern- ment Communists: no Communist Party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AfDB, CEAO (observer), EAMA, ECA, EGO WAS, ENTENTE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Togo (continued) Economy GNP: $950 million (1982 est.), about $340 per capita; 3.2% real growth in 1982 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, cocoa, cotton; major food crops-yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum, fish Fishing: catch 14,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: phosphate mining, agri- cultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages Electric power: 172,000 kW capacity (1984); 452 million kWh produced (1984), 154 kWh per capita Exports: $202 million (f.o.b., 1982); phos- phates, cocoa, coffee, palm kernels Imports: $390 million (f.o.b., 1982); con- sumer goods, fuels, machinery, tobacco, foodstuffs Major trade partners: mostly France and other EC countries Budget: (1982 proj.), revenues, $243.1 mil- lion; current expenditures, $219 million; development expenditures, $89 million Monetary conversion rate: 479.875 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: 570 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track Highways: 7,562 km total; 1,505 km paved, 1,257 km improved earth, remainder unim- proved earth Inland waterways: section of Mono River and about 50 km of coastal lagoons and tidal creeks Airfields: 11 total, 11 usable; 2 with perma- nent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: fair system based on network of open-wire lines supplemented by radio-relay routes; 9,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, 3 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station and 1 SYMPHONIE station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramili- tary Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 659,000; 343,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Tonga South Pacific Ocean .Neiafu Vava'u Ha'apai Group Group NUKU'ALOFA, Tongatapu Group See regional map X Land 997 km2 (169 islands, only 36 inhabited); smaller than New York City; 77% arable, 13% forest, 3% pasture, 3% inland water, 4% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): rectangular/ polygonal claim (12 nm for Mi- nerva Reef) Coastline: 419 km (est.) People Population: 107,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.9% Nationality: noun-Tongan(s); adjective- Tongan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian; about 300 Eu- ropeans Religion: Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents Literacy: 90-95%; compulsory education for children ages 6-14 Labor force: agriculture 10,300; mining 600 Government Official name: Kingdom of Tonga Type: constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Political subdivisions: three main island groups (Tongatapu, Ha'apai, Vava'u) Branches: executive-King, Cabinet, and Privy Council; unicameral legislature-Leg- islative Assembly composed of seven nobles elected by their peers, seven elected repre- sentatives of the people, eight Ministers of the Crown; the King appoints one of the seven nobles to be the speaker; judiciary-Supreme Court, Magistrate's Court, Land Court Government leaders: Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV, King (since December 1965); Prince Fatafehi TU'IPELEHAKE), Premier (since December 1965) Suffrage: all literate, tax-paying males and all literate females over 21 Elections: supposed to be held every three years, last in April 1978 Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, FAO, ESCAP, GATT (de facto), IFAD, ITU, South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation, South Pacific Bureau Forum, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Economy GNP: $50 million (1980), $520 per capita Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut and banana production, with subsistence crops of taro, yams, sweet potatoes, bread- fruit Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1984); 8 million kWh produced (1984), 75 kWh per capita Exports: $7 million (1979); 65% copra, 8% ba- nanas, 7% coconut products Imports: $29 million (1979); food, machin- ery, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-36% Austra- lia, 34% New Zealand, 14% US; imports 38% New Zealand, 31% Australia, 6% Japan, 5% Fiji (1979) Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 81), $77 million Budget: (1981-82) revenues, 14,744,237 pa'anga; expenditures, 14,735,833 pa'anga (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 1.0778 pa'anga=US$l (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 198 km metaled road (Tongatapu); 74 km (Vava'u); 94 km unsealed roads usable only in dry weather Ports: 2 minor (Nuku'alofa, Neiafu) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 1,285 telephones (1.4 per 100 popl.); 11,000 radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army Trinidad and Tobago Q~ey,,,.,_ r?wrc+ wr~arn+rv North Atlantic Ocean Land 5,128 km2; the size of Delaware; 41.9% farm (25.7% cultivated or fallow, 10.6% forest, 4.1% unused or built on, and 1.5% pasture); 58.1% grassland, forest, built on, wasteland, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 1,185,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.5% Nationality: noun-Trinidadian(s), Tobagan(s); adjective-Trinidadian, Tobagan Ethnic divisions: 43% black, 40% East In- dian, 14% mixed, 1% white, 1% Chinese, 1% other Religion: 36.2% Roman Catholic, 23% Hindu, 13.1% Protestant, 6% Muslim, 21.7% unknown Language: English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish Labor force: about 473,000 (est. 1979-81); 23.0% service; 20.0% mining, quarrying, and manufacturing; 17.4% commerce; 15.7% Trinidad Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Trinidad and Tobago (continued) construction and utilities; 13.5% agriculture; 7.5% transportation and communication; 2.9% other Representatives-PNM, 26 seats; ULF, 8; DAC, the 2 Tobago seats goods, food, chemicals; includes imports un- der processing agreement Government Official name: Republic of Trinidad and To- bago Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Port-of-Spain Political subdivisions: 8 counties (29 wards, Tobago is 30th) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: Independence Day, 31 August Branches: bicameral legislature (36-member elected House of Representatives and 31- member appointed Senate); executive is Cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice and includes a Court of Appeal, High Court, and lower courts Government leaders: George Michael CHAMBERS, Prime Minister (since 1981); Ellis Emmanuel Innocent CLARKE, Presi- dent (since 1976) Elections: elections to be held at intervals of not more than five years; last election held 9 November 1981 Political parties and leaders: People's Na- tional Movement (PNM), George Chambers; United Labor Front (ULF), Basdeo Panday; Organization for National Reconstruction (ONR), Karl Hudson-Phillips; Democratic Action Congress (DAC), Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson; Tapia House Move- ment, Michael Harris Voting strength: (1981 election)55% of regis- tered voters cast ballots; House of Communists: People's Popular Movement (PPM), Michael Als; February 18 Movement (F/18), James Millette; Workers' Revolution- ary Committee (WRC), John Poon Other political pressure groups: National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), radical anti- government Black-identity organization; Trinidad and Tobago Peace Council, leftist organization affiliated with the World Peace Council; Trinidad and Tobago Chamber of Industry and Commerce; Trinidad and To- bago Labor Congress, moderate labor federation; Council of Progressive Trade Unions, radical labor federation Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, Interna- tional Coffee Agreement, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $7.316 billion (1982), $6,651 per cap- ita; real growth rate (1983), -2.6% Agriculture: main crops-sugar, cocoa, cof- fee, rice, citrus, bananas; largely dependent upon imports of food Major industries: petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement Electric power: 1,009,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.6 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,226 kWh per capita Exports: $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petroleum and petroleum products, ammonia, fertil- izer, chemicals, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus; includes exports of oil under processing agreement Imports: $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); crude pe- troleum (33%), machinery, fabricated metals, transportation equipment, manufactured Major trade partners: exports-US 57%, Netherlands 6%; imports-Saudi Arabia 31%, US 26%, UK 10% Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY70-82), US, $320 million; (1970-82) other Western countries, ODA and OOF, $118 million Budget: (1982) consolidated central govern- ment revenues, $3.1 billion; expenditures, $4.0 billion (current, $3.0 billion; capital, $973 million) Monetary conversion rate: 2.37 Trinidad and Tobago dollars=US$1 (November 1984) Communications Railroads: minimal agricultural system near San Fernando Highways: 8,000 km total; 4,000 km paved, 1,000 km improved earth, 3,000 km unim- proved earth Pipelines: 1,032 km crude oil; 19 km refined products; 904 km natural gas Ports: 2 major (Port-of-Spain, Chaguaramas Bay), 7 minor Airfields: 7 total, 5 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent interna- tional service via tropospheric scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; fair local service; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 86,900 tele- phones (7.0 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Military manpower: males 15-49, 340,000; 243,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Land 163,610 km2; about the size of Missouri; 43% desert, waste, or urban; 28% arable and tree crop; 23% range and esparto grass; 6% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 12 nm exclusive fisheries zone fol- lows the 50-meter isobath for part of the coast, maximum 65 nm) Coastline: 1,143 km (includes offshore is- lands) People Population: 7,352,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.4% Nationality: noun-Tunisian(s); adjective- Tunisian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% European, less than 1% Jewish Religion: 98% Muslim, 1% Christian, less than 1% Jewish Language: Arabic (official); Arabic and French (commerce) Labor force: 1.9 million, 32% agriculture; 15%-25% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor. Organized labor: about 360,000 members claimed, roughly 20% of labor force; General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT), quasi- independent of Destourian Socialist Party Government Official name: Republic of Tunisia Type: republic Capital: Tunis Political subdivisions: 23 governorates (prov- inces) Legal system: based on French civil law sys- tem and Islamic law; constitution patterned on Turkish and US constitutions adopted 1959; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session; legal education at Institute of Higher Studies and Superior School of Law of the University of Tunis Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislative (National Assembly) largely advi- sory; judicial, patterned on French and Koranic systems Government leaders: Habib BOURGUIBA, President (Prime Minister in 1956; President since 1957; President for Life since Novem- ber 1974); Mohamed MZALI, Prime Minister (since April 1980) Elections: national elections held every five years; last elections 1 November 1981 Political party and leader: Destourian So- cialist Party is official ruling party; two small parties-Movement of Social Democrats and Movement of Popular Unity-legalized in 1983 Voting strength: (1981 election) over 95% Destourian Socialist Party; 3.23% Social Democrats, under 1% Popular United Move- ment, under 1% Communist Party Communists: a small number of nominal Communists, mostly students; Tunisian Communist Party legalized in July 1981 Member of: AfDB, Arab League, AIOEC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, Regional Cooperation for Development, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $8.3 billion (1984 est.), $1,150 per cap- ita (1982); 57% private consumption, 16% government consumption, 29% gross fixed capital formation; average annual real growth (1980-83), 4% Agriculture: main crops-cereals (barley and wheat), olives, grapes, citrus fruits, and veg- etables Major sectors: agriculture; industry-min- ing (phosphate), energy (petroleum, natural gas), manufacturing(food processing and tex- tiles), services (transport, telecommuni- cations, tourism, government) Electric power: 1,070,000 kW capacity (1984); 3.271 billion kWh produced (1984), 454 kWh per capita Exports: $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1984); 51% crude petroleum, 17% textiles, 15% phosphates and chemicals, 5% other Major trade partners: France, Italy, FRG, Greece Tourism and foreign worker remittances: $934 million (1984) Budget: (1984 prelim.) total revenues, $2.88 billion; operating budget, $2.5 billion; capital budget, $1.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Tunisian di- nar (TD)=US$1 (30 August 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Tunisia (continued) Communications Railroads: 2,089 km total; 503 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 1,586 km 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 17,762 km total; 9,970 km bitumi- nous; 1,421 km improved earth; 6,371 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 797 km crude oil; 86 km refined products; 742 km natural gas Ports: 5 major, 14 minor; 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants terminal Airfields: 28 total, 25 usable; 12 with perma- nent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is above the African average; facilities consist of open- wire lines, multiconductor cable, and radio relay; key centers are Safaqis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 188,500 telephones (3.0 per 100 pop].); 18 AM, 4 FM, 14 TV stations; 3 subma- rine cables; ARABSAT satellite back-up control station under construction; coaxial cable to Algeria; radio-relay to Algeria, Libya, and Italy Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,777,000; 992,000 fit for military service; about 83,000 reach military age (20) annually Turkey I`tanb Land 780,576 km'; twice the size of California; 35% crop, 25% meadow and pasture, 23% forest, 17% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm, except in Black Sea, where it is 12 nm (fishing 12 nm) People Population: 51,259,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Turk(s); adjective- Turkish Ethnic divisions: 85% Turkish, 12% Kurd, 3% other Religion: 98% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 2% other (mostly Christian and Jewish) Government Official name: Republic of Turkey Type: republican parliamentary democracy Capital: Ankara Political subdivisions: 67 provinces Legal system: derived from various conti- nental legal systems; constitution adopted in November 1982; legal education at Universi- ties of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reserva- tions Branches: executive-President empowered to call new elections, promulgate laws (elected for a seven-year term); unicameral legislature (400-member Grand National As- sembly); independent judiciary Government leaders: Gen. Kenan EVREN, President (since 1982); Turgut OZAL, Prime Minister (since 1983) Elections: according to the 1982 Constitu- tion, elections to the Grand National Assembly to be held every five years; most recent election 6 November 1983 Political parties and leaders: military leaders banned all traditional parties from taking part in the parliamentary election of Novem- ber 1983 and banned many prominent party leaders from taking part in politics for 10 years; three new parties allowed to take part in the election-Motherland Party (MP), Turgut Ozal; Populist Party (PP), Necdet Calp; Nationalist Democracy Party (NDP), Turgut Sunalp; additional parties permitted to take part in local elections in March 1984-Social Democratic Party (SODEP), Erdal Inonu; Correct Way Party (CWP), Yildirim Avci Voting strength: (1983 election) Grand Na- tional Assembly-Motherland Party, 211 seats; Populist Party, 117 seats; Nationalist Labor force: 18.1 million (1983); 61 % agricul- ture, 27% service, 12% industry and commerce; surplus of unskilled labor (1982) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Communists: strength and support negligible Member of: ASSIMER, Council of Europe, EC (associate member), ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OECD, OIC, Regional Cooper- ation for Development, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: $51.0 billion (1983), $1,079 per capita; 3.4% real growth 1983, 4.2% average annual real growth 1973-83 Agriculture: main products-cotton, to- bacco, cereals, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, and livestock products; self-sufficient in food in average years Major industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron miner- als), steel, petroleum Crude steel: 1.76 million tons produced (1982) Electric power: 7,291,000 kW capacity (1984); 31.932 billion kWh produced (1984), 640 kWh per capita Exports: $5,728 million (f.o.b., 1983); cotton, tobacco, fruits, nuts, metals, livestock prod- ucts, textiles and clothing Imports: $9,235 million (c.i.f., 1983); crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, metals, mineral fuels, fertilizers, chemicals Major trade partners: (1983) exports-19.0% Iran, 14.6% FRG, 7.4% Italy, 6.4% Saudi Ara- bia, 5.6% Iraq; imports-13.2% Iraq, 11.4% FRG, 10.3% Iraq, 8.6% Libya, 7.5% US Budget: (FY83) revenues, $9.6 billion; expen- ditures, $11.2 billion; deficit, $1.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: 415.62 Turkish liras=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: 8,156 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 204 km double track; 204 km electri- fied Highways: 60,954 km total; 38,298 km bitu- minous; 16,169 km gravel or crushed stone; 4,180 km improved earth; 2,155 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: approx. 1,200 km Pipelines: 1,288 km crude oil; 2,145 km re- fined products Airfields: 117 total, 97 usable; 61 with per- manent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 26 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair domestic and in- ternational systems; trunk radio-relay network; 2.39 million telephones (5.3 per 100 popl.); 20 AM, 27 FM, 181 TV stations; 2 sat- ellite ground stations, 1 submarine telephone cable Defense Forces Branches: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,548,000; 7,426,000 fit for military service; about 527,000 reach military age (20) annu- ally Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $2.5 billion; 21.4% of cen- tral government budget Turks and Caicos Islands North Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Caicos Ocean Cockburn GRAND TURK Harbouy (Cockburni Town) Turks Islands p Land 430 km2; about two-thirds the size of New York City; more than 30 islands, including 8 inhabited; largest is Grand Caicos People Population: 7,436 (1980) Religion: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, Church of God, Seventh-day Ad- ventist Labor force: some subsistence agriculture; majority engaged in fishing and tourist indus- tries Organized labor: St. George's Industrial Trade Union (Cockburn Harbor), 250 mem- bers Government Official name: Turks and Caicos Islands Type: British dependent territory; constitu- tion introduced in 1976 Capital: Cockburn Town on Grand Turk Is- land Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Turks and Caicos Islands (continued) Legal system: probably based on English common law National holiday: Commonwealth Day, 31 May Branches: executive, bicameral legislature (Executive Council, 14-member Legislative Council), judicial (Supreme Court) Government leader: Nathaniel FRANCIS, Chief Minister (since March 1985); Christo- pher J. TURNER, Governor (since 1982) Elections: last 1984 for 11 Legislative Coun- cil seats Political parties and leaders: People's Demo- cratic Movement (PMD), Oswald Skippings; Progressive National Party (PNP), Norman Saunders Economy GNP: $15 million (1980) Agriculture: corn, beans Fishing: catch 395.76 metric tons (1981) Major industries: fishing, tourism; formerly produced salt by solar evaporation Exports: $2.5 million (1982); crawfish, dried and fresh conch, conch shells Imports: $20.9 million (1982); foodstuffs, drink, tobacco, clothing Major trade partners: US (lobster, conch, tourism) and UK Budget: revenues, $5.9 million; expendi- tures, $7.2 million (1981/82) Monetary conversion rate: uses the US dollar Communications Railroads: none Highways: 121 km, including 24 km tarmac Ports: 4 major (Grand Turk, Salt Cay, Providenciales, Cockburn Harbor) Civil air: Air Turks and Caicos (passenger ser- vice) and Turks Air Ltd. (cargo service) Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: cable and wireless ser- vices (932 telephones, 1981); 1 AM station (21,500 radio receivers, 1982) Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of UK Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) Nanumea 135 km ,Niutao Nanumanga .Nui .Vaitupu Nukufetau0 FUNAFUTI*-ti Land NOTE: On 1 October 1975, by Constitu- tional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony are now named Kiribati. Tuvalu includes the islands of Nanumanga, Nanumea, Nui, Niutao, Vaitupu, and the four islands of the Tuvalu group formerly claimed by the United States-Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulailai (Nukulaelae), and Nurakita (Niulakita) Land 26 km2; less than one-half the size of Manhat- tan Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 8,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.7% Nationality: noun-Tuvaluans(s); adiec- tive-Tuvaluan Religion: Christian, predominantly Protes- tant Funafuti Nukulailai. Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Language: Tuvaluan, English Literacy: less than 50% Government Official name: Tuvalu Type: independent state with special membership" in the Commonwealth, rec- ognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Branches: executive-Prime Minister and Cabinet; unicameral legislature-12-mem- ber House of Parliament judicial-High Court, 8 island courts with limited jurisdication Government leaders: Dr. Tomasi PUAPUA, Prime Minister (since September 1981); Sir Fiatau Penitala TEO, Governor General (since October 1978) Elections: last general election September 1981, next September 1985 Political parties: none Member of.. GATT (de facto), SPC, UPU Economy GNP: $4 million (1980 est.), $570 per capita Agriculture: limited; coconut palms, copra Electric power: 2,600 kW capacity (1984); 3 million kWh produced (1984), 375 kWh per capita Imports: $2.8 million (1981); food and min- eral fuels Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA (1970-79), $22 mil- lion Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $2.59 million; expenditures, $3.6 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.0778 Australian dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 8 km gravel Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor (Funafuti) and Nukufetau Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 1 AM station; about 300 radio telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 4,000 radio sets Uganda Land 235,885 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon; 45% forest, wood, and grass; 21% inland wa- ter and swamp, including territorial waters of Lake Victoria; about 21% cultivated; 13% na- tional park, forest, and game reserve People Population: 14,733,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun-Ugandan(s); adjective- Ugandan Ethnic divisions: 99% African,1 % European, Asian, Arab Religion: 33% Roman Catholic, 33% Protes- tant, 16% Muslim, rest indigenous beliefs Language: English (official); Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages Labor force: estimated 4.5 million; about 250,000 in paid labor; remainder in subsis- tence activities Government Official name: Republic of Uganda Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Uganda (continued) Type: republic Capital: Kampala Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 34 districts Agriculture: main cash crop-coffee (180,600 metric tons produced in 1983/84, est.); other cash crops-cotton, tobacco, tea, sugar, fish, livestock Telecommunications: fair system with ra- dio-relay and communications stations in use; 61,600 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM, 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Legal system: provisional government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law to reinstitute a nor- mal judicial system; legal education at Makerere University, Kampala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reserva- tions National holiday: Independence Day, 9 Oc- tober Branches: government that assumed power in December 1980 consists of three branches-an executive headed by a Presi- dent, a unicameral legislature (National Assembly), and a judiciary; in practice Presi- dent has most power Government leader: Dr. (Apollo) Milton OBOTE, President (since December 1980) Elections: general election (held December 1980) elected present National Assembly; winning party then named President Political parties: Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP) Voting strength: (December 1980 election) National Assembly UPC, 74; DP, 51; other, 1 Member of: AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $4.8 billion in 1982 (est.); real growth rate 5.0% (1983/84 est.) Major industries: agricultural processing (textiles, sugar, coffee, plywood, beer), ce- ment, copper smelting, corrugated iron sheet, shoes, fertilizer Electric power: 200,000 kW capacity (1984); 525 million kWh produced (1984), 35 kWh per capita Exports: $380 million (f.o.b., 1983/84 est.); coffee (98%), cotton, tea Imports: $509 million (c.i.f., 1983/84 est.); petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transport equipment, food Major trade partners: exports-41% US, 10% UK, 8% France; imports-32% Kenya, 18% UK, 11% FRG (1982) Budget: revenues, $473 million (FY82/83); grants, $5 million, current expenditures, $434 million; development expenditures, $85 million; other, $157 million Monetary conversion rate: 495.0 Uganda shillings=US$1(31 October 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,216 km, 1.000-meter gauge sin- gle track Highways: 27,540 km total; 2,504 km paved; 5,036 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Al- bert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Kagera River, Victoria Nile Airfields: 38 total, 34 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Uganda National Liberation Army (including army and air force), para- military Police Special Force Military manpower: males 15-49, about 3,223,000; about 1,735,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 United Arab Emirates Boundary representation is not nooeaaarily authoritolivo. Labor force: 541,000 (1980 est.); 85% indus- try and commerce, 5% agriculture, 5% services, 5% government; 80% of labor force is foreign Government Official name: United Arab Emirates (com- posed of former Trucial States) Member states: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, al Fujayrah, Ra's al-Khaymah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaywayn , Type: federation; constitution signed De- cember 1971, which delegated specified powers to the UAE central government and reserved other powers to member shaykh- doms INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO Economy GDP: $27.5 billion (1983), $22,710 per capita Agriculture: food imported; some dates, al- falfa, vegetables, fruit, tobacco raised Electric power: 5,178,000 kW capacity (1984); 13.58 billion kWh produced (1984), 10,760 kWh per capita Exports: $15.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); $12.8 bil- lion in crude oil, $2.5 billion consisting mostly of gas, reexports, dried fish, dates Land 83,600 km2; the size of Maine; almost all desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,094 km (does not include boundaries between adjacent UAE states) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm for all states except Sharjah, where claimed limit is 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 1,320,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 4.4% Nationality: Noun-Emirian(s), adjective- Emirian Ethnic divisions: Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian 50% (fluctuating), other ex- patriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8%; fewer than 20% of the population are UAE citizens (1982) Religion: Muslim 96%; Christian, Hindu, and other 4% Language: Arabic (official); Farsi and En- glish widely spoken in major cities; Hindi, Urdu Legal system: secular codes are being intro- duced by the UAE Government and in several member shaykhdoms; Islamic law re- mains influential Branches: executive-Supreme Council of Rulers (seven members), from which a Presi- dent and Vice President are elected; Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; unicam- eral legislature-Federal National Council; judicial-Union Supreme Court Government leaders: Shaykh Zayid bin Sul- tan Al NUHAYYAN of Abu Dhabi, President (since December 1971); Shaykh Rashid ibn Said Al MAKTUM of Dubai, Vice President (since 1971) and Prime Minister (since April 1979) Suffrage: none Elections: none Political or pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine groups are active Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, Imports: $8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1983); food, con- sumer and capital goods Budget: (1982 est.)current expenditures, $6.6 billion; development, $1.9 billion; revenue, $8.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.671 UAE dirhams=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,000 km total; 1,800 km bitumi- nous, 200 km gravel and graded earth Pipelines: 830 km crude oil; 870 km natural gas, including natural gas liquids Airfields: 43 total, 30 usable; 20 with perma- nent-surface runways; 5 with runways over 3,659 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate system of radio-relay and coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai; 241,000 telephones Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 United Arab Emirates (continued) (20.0 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, 3 FM, 9 TV sta- tions; 3 INTELSAT stations with 1 Atlantic and 2 Indian Ocean antennas; plan subma- rine cables to India and Pakistan; tropo- spheric scatter to Bahrain; radio-relay to Saudi Arabia Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 547,000; 379,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $1.9 billion; 40% of central government budget United Kingdom Hebridesi North Atlantic Ocean aM Land 243,977 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon; 50% meadow and pasture, 30% arable, 12% waste or urban, 7% forest, 1% inland water Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 56,437,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.1% Nationality: noun-Briton(s), British (collec- tive pl.); adjective-British Ethnic divisions: 81.5% English, 9.6% Scot- tish, 2.4% Irish, 1.9% Welsh, 1.8% Ulster, 0.8% other; West Indian, Indian, Pakistani 2% Religion: 27.0 million Anglican, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterian, 760,000 Methodist, 450,000 Jewish (regis- tered) Language: English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland) Shetland Islands ;'Orkney 9 Islands Labor force: (1982) 26.08 million; 54.4% in- dustry and commerce, 29.9% services, 7.6% self-employed, 6.6% government, 1.5% agri- culture; 12.5% unemployed (early 1984) Government Official name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: London Political subdivisions: 650 parliamentary constituencies Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influ- ences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: celebration of birthday of the Queen, 16 June Branches: legislative authority resides in Par- liament (House of Lords, House of Commons); executive authority lies with col- lectively responsible Cabinet led by Prime Minister; House of Lords is supreme judicial authority and highest court of appeal Government leader: ELIZABETH II, Queen (since 1952); Margaret THATCHER, Prime Minister (since 1979) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: at discretion of Prime Minister, but must be held before expiration of a five- year electoral mandate; last election 9 June 1983 Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Margaret Thatcher; Labor, Neil Kinnock; So- cial Democratic, David Owen; Communist, Gordon McLennan; Scottish National, Don- ald Stewart; Plaid Cymru, Dafydd Wigley; Official Unionist, James Molyneaux; Demo- cratic Unionist, Ian Paisley; Social Democratic and Labor, John Hume; Sinn Fein, Gerry Adams; Alliance, John Coshnahan; Liberal, David Steel Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Voting strength: (1983 election) House of Commons-Conservative, 397 seats (42.4%); Labor, 209 seats (27.6%); Social Democratic- Liberal Alliance, 23 seats (17 Liberal, 6 SDP) (25.4%); Scottish National Party, 2 seats; Plaid Cymru (Welsh Nationalist), 2 seats; Ulster (Official) Unionist (Northern Ireland), 11 seats; Ulster Democratic Unionist (Northern Ireland), 3 seats; Ulster Popular Unionist (Northern Ireland),1 seat; Social Democratic and Labor (Northern Ireland), 1 seat; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland), 1 seat Crude steel: 15.0 million metric tons pro- duced (1983); 266 kg per capita (1983); 25.4 million tons capacity (1981) Electric power: 94,333,000 kW capacity (1984); 280.05 billion kWh produced (1984), 4,970 kWh per capita Exports: $ 96.5 billion (f.o.b., 1982); machin- ery, transport equipment, petroleum, manufactured goods, chemicals, foodstuffs Exports: $91.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); manufac- tured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, transport equipment (including 2,573 km limited-access divided highway); Northern Ireland, 23,499 km (22,907 paved, 592 km gravel) Inland waterways: 3,219 km publicly owned; 605 km major commercial routes Pipelines: 933 km crude oil, almost all insig- nificant; 2,907 km refined products; 1,770 km natural gas Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress, Confederation of British In- dustry, National Farmers' Union, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Member of. ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ELDO, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Com- mission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $460.0 billion (1983), $8,214 per cap- ita; 60.3% consumption, 16.4% investment, 21.7% government; 0.1 % stockbuilding, 1.1% net foreign balance, real growth 3.4% (1983) Agriculture: mixed farming predominates; main products-wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, livestock, dairy products; 62% self-sufficient (1982); dependent on imports for more than half of consumption of refined sugar, butter, oils and fats, bacon and ham Fishing: catch 744,966 metric tons (1983); imports 707,000 metric tons (1983), exports 379,000 metric tons (1983) Major industries: machinery and transport equipment, metals, food processing, paper and paper products, textiles, chemicals, clothing Imports: $99.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manufac- tured goods, machinery, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods Major trade partners: exports-43.4% EC (10.0% FRG, 9.4% France, 9.0% Nether- lands), 13.8% US, 1.9% Communist (1983); imports-45.7% EC (14.8% FRG, 7.8% Neth- erlands, 7.7% France), 11.4% US, 2.3% Communist (1983) Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid commit- ted (ODA and OOF) (1970-82), $13 billion Budget: (national and local government, in- cluding nationalized industries) FY84 (est.) revenues, $193.9 billion; expenditures, $179.9 billion; deficit $14 billion Monetary conversion rate: 0.833 pounds sterling=US$1 (December 1984) Communications Railroads: Great Britain-17,249 km total; British Railways (BR) operates 17,230 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (3,718 km elec- trified, 12,591 km double or multiple track), and 19 km 0.597-meter gauge; several addi- tional small standard gauge and narrow gauge lines are privately owned; Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) operates 332 km 1.600-meter gauge, 190 km double track Highways: United Kingdom, 362,982 km to- tal; Great Britain, 339,483 km paved Airfields: 570 total, 351 usable; 249 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 37 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 139 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern, efficient do- mestic and international system; 29.1 million telephones (51.7 per 100 pop].); excellent countrywide broadcast; 100 AM, 317 FM, 1,784 TV stations; 33 coaxial submarine ca- bles; 4 earth satellite stations with a total of 8 antennas Defense Forces Branches: Royal Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Marines Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,034,000; 11,902,000 fit for military ser- vice; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $24.1 billion; about 19.7% of central government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 This "Factsheet" on the US is provided solely as a service to those wishing to make rough comparisons of foreign country data with a US "yardstick." Information is from US open sources and publications and in no sense rep- resents estimates by the US Intelligence Community. Land 9,372,614 kmz (contiguous US plus Alaska and Hawaii); 32% forest; 27% grazing and pasture; 19% cultivated; 22% waste, urban, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) People Population: 238,848,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9% Ethnic divisions: 80% white; 11% black; 6.2% Spanish origin; 1.6% Asian and Pacific Is- lander; 0.7% American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut (1980) Religion: total membership in religious bod- ies 134.8 million; Protestant 73.479 million, Roman Catholic 50.45 million, Jewish 5.92 million, other religions 4.968 million (1982) Type: federal republic; strong democratic tradition Political subdivisions: 50 states and the Dis- trict of Columbia; dependencies include Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, Vir- gin Islands, American Samoa, Wake and Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and King- man Reef; under UN trusteeship Caroline, Marshall, and Northern Mariana Islands Legal system: based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; con- stitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ juris- diction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 4 July Branches: executive (President), bicameral legislature (House of Representatives and Senate), and judicial (Supreme Court); branches, in principle, independent and maintain balance of power Government leaders: Ronald REAGAN, President (since January 1981); George BUSH, Vice President (since January 1981) Suffrage: all citizens over age 18, not com- pulsory Communists: Communist Party member- ship, claimed 15,000-20,000 (1983); general secretary, Gus Hall; in the 1980 presidential election the Communist Party candidate re- ceived 43,896 votes; Socialist Workers Party membership, claimed 1,800; national secre- tary, Jack Barnes; in the 1980 presidential election, the Socialist Workers Party candi- date received 48,650 votes Member of: ADB, ANZUS, Bank of Interna- tional Settlements, CCC, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, Group of Ten, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICEM, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group,'IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC- International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, PAHO, SPC, UN, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy GNP: (September 1983 prelim, seasonally .adjusted at annual rates) $3,363.3 billion; (September 1983 prelim., seasonally adjusted at annual rates) $2,186.5 billion (65%) per- sonal consumption, $501.0 billion (14.9%) private investment, $701.8 billion (20.9%) government, - $25.9 billion (-.07%) net ex- ports; $14,300 per capita; annual growth rate 6.8% (1984) Language: Predominantly English; sizable Spanish-speaking minority Literacy: 99.5% of total population 15 years or older Labor force: 115.786 million (includes 2.208 million members of the armed forces in the US); unemployment rate 7.2% (1985); 10.411 million unemployed (January 1984) Organized labor: approximately 17.4 million members; 18.8% of civilian labor force (1984) Government Official name: United States of America Elections: presidential, every four years (next November 1988); all members of the House of Representatives, every two years; one- third of members of the Senate, every two years Political parties and leaders: Republican Party, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., chairman; Democratic Party, Paul G. Kirk, Jr., chair- man; several other groups or parties of minor political significance Voting strength: 40% voter participation (1982 congressional election); 53.9% voter participation (1984 presidential election) Re- publican Party (Ronald Reagan), 59% of the popular vote (525 electoral votes); Demo- cratic Party (Walter Mondale), 41% (13 electoral votes) Agriculture: food grains, feed crops, oilbearing crops, cattle, dairy products Fishing: catch 4 million metric tons (1982); 13.0 lb per capita consumption (1981); im- ports $4.173 billion (1981); exports $1.156 billion, (1981); est. value, $2.388 billion (1981) Crude steel: 75.6 million metric tons pro- duced (1983) Electric power: 686,453,000 (public utilities only) kW capacity (1984); 2,651.569 billion (net) kWh produced (1984), 11.216 kWh per capita Exports: $200.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machin- ery, chemicals, transport equipment, agricultural products Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Imports: $269.9 billion (c.i.f., 1983); crude and partly refined petroleum, machinery, transport equipment (mainly new automo- biles) Major trade partners: exports-$33.72 bil- lion Canada, $20.966 billion Japan, $11.816 billion Mexico, $10.644 billion UK, $9.291 billion FRG (1982); imports-$46.476 billion Canada, $37.743 billion Japan, $15.565 bil- lion Mexico, $13.094 billion UK, $11.974 billion FRG (1982) Aid: obligations and loan authorizations, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY82), economic $11.2 billion, military (FY82) $4.2 billion Budget: (1984) receipts, $666.5 billion; out- lays, $841.8 billion; deficit, $175.3 billion Communications Railroads: 270,312 km (1981) Highways: 6,198,994 km, including 88,641 km expressways (1981) Inland waterways: est. 41,009 km of naviga- ble inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes Freight carried: rail-1,430.0 million metric tons, 1,175.0 billion metric ton/km (1982); highways-830.05 billion metric ton/km (1982); inland water freight (excluding Great Lakes traffic)-512.0 million metric tons, 312.24 billion metric ton/km (1982); air- 9,500 million metric ton/km (1982) Pipelines: petroleum, 278,035 km (1981); natural gas, 418,018 km (1981) Ports: 44 handling 10.9 million metric tons or more per year Civil air: 2,699 commercial multiengine transport aircraft, including 2,504 jet, 159 turboprop, 36 piston (1982) Airfields: 15,422 in operation (1981) Telecommunications: 182,558,000 tele- phones (791 telephones per 1,000 pop].); 4,689 AM, 3,380 FM, 1,132 TV broadcast sta- tions; 477 million radio and 142 million TV receivers (1982) Defense Forces Branches: Department of the Army, Depart- ment of the Navy (including Marine Corps), US Coast Guard, Department of the Air Force Military manpower: 2,116,800 total; 790,800, army; 581,000, air force; 553,000, navy; 192,000, marines (1982) Military budget: $205.0 billion (1983); $231.0 billion (1984 est.); $264.4 billion (1985 prof.); 29.1% of central government budget (planned, 1985) Uruguay South Atlantic Oceen Land 176,215 km2; the size of Washington; 84% ag- ricultural (73% pasture, 11% crop); 16% forest, urban, waste, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (fishing 200 nm; overflight and naviga- tion permitted beyond 12 nm) People Population: 2,936,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.3% Nationality: noun-Uruguayan(s); adjec- tive-Uruguayan Ethnic divisions: 85-90% white, 5-10% mes- tizo, 3-5 black Religion: 66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 30% nonprofessing or other Labor force: about 1.28 million (1981); 19% manufacturing; 19% government; 16% agri- culture; 12% commerce; 12% utilities, Boundary repre en tahoe is of necessarily authoritative Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Uruguay (continued) construction, transport, and communica- tions; 22% other services; unemployment more than 15% (1984 est.) Communists: 5,000-10,000, including for- mer youth group and sympathizers countries (1970-83), $65 million; military- US authorized (FY70-82) $39 million Organized labor: government authorized non-Communist union activities in 1981 for the first time since 1973 military takeover Government Official name: Oriental Republic of Uru- guay Type: republic Capital: Montevideo Political subdivisions: 19 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish civil law sys- tem; most recent constitution implemented 1967 but large portions are currently in sus- pension and the whole is under study for revision; legal education at University of the Republic in Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 August Branches: executive, headed by President; bicameral National Congress (Senate and House of Deputies); national judiciary headed by court of justice Government leaders: Julio M. SANGUI- NETTI, President (since March 1985); Enrique E. TARIGO, Vice President (since March 1985) Elections: last November 1984; elections held every five years Political parties and leaders: National (Blanco) Party, Wilson Ferreira; Frente Amplio Colition, Liber Seregni; Colorado Party, Julio Sanguinetti Enrique Tarigo, Jorge Pacheco Areco Voting strength: (1984 elections) 41% Colo- rado, 34.9% Blanco, 21.7% Frente Amplio, 2.4% Civic Union, 0.5% Radical Christian Union Other political or pressure groups: Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Communist Party (PCU), proscribed in 1973; Socialist Party of Uruguay (PSU), proscribed in 1973; National Liberation Movement (MLN)-Tupamaros, leftist revolutionary terrorist group, pro- scribed and now virtually annihilated Member of FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, LAIR, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: $5.4 billion (1983), $1,817 per capita; 89% consumption, 13% gross investment, -2.0% foreign; real growth rate 1983, -4.7% Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing; main crops-wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs Major industries: meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, fishing, petroleum refining Electric power: 1,300,000 kW capacity (1984); 5 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,709 kWh per capita Exports: $1.256 billion (f.o.b., 1982); wool, hides, meat, textiles, leather products, fish, rice, furs Imports: $706 million (c.i.f., 1983); fuels and lubricants (37%), metals, machinery, trans- portation equipment, industrial chemicals Major trade partners: exports-22% LAIA; 21% EC, 8% US, imports-39% LAIA (13% Brazil, 11% Argentina), 15% EC, 7% US (1981) Aid: economic commitments-US autho- rized, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $78 million; other Western countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82) $124 million; Communist Budget: (1983 est.) revenues, $854 million; expenditures, $960 million Monetary conversion rate: 57.75 new pesos=US$1 (August 1984) Communications Railroads: 3,000 km, all 1.435-meter stan- dard gauge (1.435 m) and government owned Highways: 49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth Inland waterways: 1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft Airfields: 95 total, 91 usable; 14 with perma- nent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: most modern facili- ties concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide radio-relay network 294,300 telephones (9.9 per 100 popl.); 82 AM, 4 FM, 22 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite sta- tion Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 679,000; 552,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $283.6 million; 16% of cen- tral government budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides) South Pacific Ocean is Erromango Tannat5 Telecommunications: 2 AM broadcast sta- tions; 2,400 telephones (2.4 per 100 pop].); 1 ground satellite station under construction Defense Forces Personnel: no military forces maintained; however, a paramilitary force is responsible for internal and external security Land About 14,763 km'; about the size of Connect- icut; over 80 islands Water Limits of territorial waters: 3.nm (fishing 200 nm) People Population: 134,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Vanuatuan(s); adjec- tive-Vanuatuan Ethnic divisions: 90% indigenous Melane- sian; 8% French; remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders Language: English and French (official); pid- gin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) Government Official name: Republic of Vanuatu Type: republic, formerly Anglo-French con- dominium of New Hebrides, independent 30 July 1980 Political subdivisions: four administrative districts Legal system: unified system being created from former dual French and British systems Branch: unicameral legislature (39-member Parliament), elected November 1983 Government leader: Father Walter Hadye LINI, Prime Minister Political parties and leaders: National Party (Vanuaaku Pati), chairman Walter Lini Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, G-77, IFC, IMF, ITU, South Pacific Forum, UN Economy Agriculture: export crops of copra, cocoa, coffee, some livestock and fish production; subsistence crops of copra, taro, yams Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1984); 20 million kWh produced (1984), 154 kWh per capita Exports: $24 million (1980); 24% copra, 59% frozen fish, meat Aid: Australia (1980-83), $14.4 million Monetary conversion rate: 102.034 vantus=US$1; 1.0778 Australian dollars=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: at least 240 km sealed or all- weather roads Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor (Port-Vila, Luganville) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 30 total, 24 usable; 2 with perma- nent-surface runways, 2 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Vatican City Land 0.438 km2 than 13 acres; 13 buildings in Rome and Cas- tel Gandolfo, the Pope's summer residence, although outside the boundaries, enjoy extra- territorial rights Legal system: Canon laws of 1929 serve some of the functions of a constitution Branches: the Pope possesses full executive, legislative, and judicial powers; he delegates these powers to the President of the Pontifical Commission, who is subject to pontifical ap- pointment and recall; the administrative structure of the Roman Catholic Church is known as the Roman Curia; its most impor- tant temporal components include the Secretariat of State and Council for Public Affairs (which handles Vatican diplomacy) and the Prefecture of Economic Affairs; the College of Cardinals act as chief papal advis- activity consists solely of printing and pro- duction of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; the banking and financial ac- tivities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Works (IOR) carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communi- ties throughout the world; the Administra- tion of the Patrimony of the Holy See manages the Holy See's capital assets; the Vatican announced an operating deficit of $25 million for 1981 Electric power: 2,100 kW (standby) capacity (1984); power supplied by Italy Monetary conversion rate: the Vatican issues its own coinage, which is interchangeable with the Italian lira; 1690.25 lira=US$ 1 (February 1984) People Population: 1,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.1% Ethnic divisions: primarily Italians but also many other nationalities Language: Italian, Latin, and various other languages Labor force: approx. 700; Vatican City em- ployees divided into three categories- executives, office workers, and salaried em- ployees Government Official name: State of the Vatican City Political subdivisions: Vatican City includes St. Peter's, the Vatican Palace and Museum, and neighboring buildings covering more Government leader: JOHN PAUL II, Su- preme Pontiff (Karol WOJTYLA, elected Pope 16 October 1978) Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 years old Elections: Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals Other political or pressure groups: none (ex- clusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church) Member: IAEA, INTELSAT, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, UPU, WIPO, WTO; permanent observer status at FAO, OAS, UN, and UNESCO Economy The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is sup- ported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tour- ist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial Communications Railroads: none Highways: none (city streets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: 2 AM and 2 FM sta- tions; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Italy Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Bouy r.prosonla1-on is 1 nda rsarily authoritat!uo Land 912,050 km2; more than twice the size of California; 21% forest; 18% pasture; 4% crop- land; 57% urban, waste, or other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm plus 3 nm contiguous zone for customs and sanitation (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 17,810,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3% Nationality: noun-Venezuelan(s); adjec- tive-Venezuelan Ethnic divisions: 67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% black, 2% Indian Religion: 96% nominally Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant Language: Spanish (official); Indian dialects spoken by about 200,000 Amerindians in the remote interior Labor force: 5.5 millio n (1984); 27% services; 22% commerce; 16% agriculture; 16% manu- Other political or pressure groups: FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group Member of. Andean Pact, AIOEC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Ship- ping Line), OAS, OPEC, PAHO, SELA, WFTU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, W TO Economy GDP: $66.4 billion (1983), $3,860 per capita (1983); 58.8% private consumption, 13.6% public consumption, 24.1% gross investment (1982); real growth rate -1.7% (1982) Agriculture: main crops-cereals, fruits, sugar, coffee, rice Fishing: catch 213,000 metric tons (1982); e ports $1.6 million (1979), imports $19.7 million (1980) Major industries: petroleum, iron-ore min- ing, construction, food processing, textiles Crude steel:1.9 million metric tons produced (1982) Electric power: 12,700,000 kW capacity (1984); 36.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,110 kWh per capita Exports: $15.7 billion (f.o.b., 1984 prelim.); petroleum (95%), iron ore Major trade partners: imports-44% US, 7.4% Japan, 4.7% Italy, 4.5% FRG; exports- 25% US, 9.5% Canada (1981) Budget: revised 1983-revenues, $18.6 bil- lion; expenditures, $18.4 billion, capital $110 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.3 preferential, 7.5 commercial, and 12.5 free market bolivares=US$1 (December 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 facturing; 9% construction; 7% transporta- tion; 3% petroleum, utilities, and other Government Official name: Republic of Venezuela Political subdivisions: 20 states,1 federal dis- trict, 2 federal territories, and 72 island dependencies in the Caribbean Legal system: based on Napoleonic code; constitution promulgated 1961; judicial re- view of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; dual court system, state and federal; le- gal education at Central University of Venezuela; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive (President), bicameral legislature (National Congress-Senate, Chamber of Deputies), judiciary Government leader: Jaime LUSINCHI, President (since February 1984) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18, though rarely enforced Elections: every five years by secret ballot; last held December 1983; next national elec- tion for President and bicameral legislature to be held December 1988 Political parties and leaders: Social Christian Party (COPEI), Rafael Caldera, Luis Herrera Campins; Democratic Action (AD), Jaime Lusinchi, Carlos Andres Perez; Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), Teodoro Petkoff, Pompeyo Marquez Voting strength: (1983 election) 56.8% AD, 34.5% COPEI, 4.17% MAS, 4.53% others Communists: 3,000-5,000 members (est.) 245 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Venezuela (continued) Communications Railroads: 419 km total; 240 km 1.435-meter standard gauge all single track, government owned; 179 km 1.435-meter gauge, privately owned Highways: 77,785 km total; 22,780 km paved, 24,720 km gravel, 14,450 km earth roads, and 15,835 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,100 km; Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo accept oceangoing ves- sels Pipelines: 6,370 km crude oil; 480 km refined products; 2,480 km natural gas Airfields: 259 total, 238 usable; 104 with per- manent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 82 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: modern expanding telecom system; 2 satellite ground stations; 1.38 million telephones (8.5 per 100 pop].); 168 AM, 25 FM, 57 TV stations; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite sta- tion with 2 antennas, and 3 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces Branches: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces, Armed Forces of Cooperation (Na- tional Guard), Marines, Coast Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,328,000; 3,287,000 fit for military service; 193,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $1,091 million; about 6.2% of central government budget Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative South China Sea Labor force: approximately 29 million, not including military Government Official name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam Land 329,707 km2; the size of New Mexico; 50% forest; 14% cultivated; 36% urban, inland wa- ter, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm plus 12 nm contiguous customs and security zone (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 3,444 km (excluding islands) People Population: 60,492,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.4% Nationality: noun-Vietnamese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Vietnamese Ethnic divisions: 85-90% predominantly Vietnamese; 3% Chinese; ethnic minorities include Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham; other mountain tribes Religion: Buddhist, Confucian, Taoist, Ro- man Catholic, indigenous beliefs, Islamic, and Protestant Language: Vietnamese (official), French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Political subdivisions: 36 provinces, 3 municipalities under central government control, 1 special zone Legal system: based on Communist legal the- ory and French civil law system Branches: bicameral legislature (Council of State, National Assembly); highly centralized executive nominally subordinate to National Assembly Government leaders: LE DUAN, Commu- nist Party Secretary General (since December 1976); TRUONG CHINH, Chair- man, Council of State (since July 1981) Elections: pro forma elections held for na- tional and local assemblies; latest election for National Assembly held on 25 April 1976 Political parties and leaders: Vietnam Com- munist Party (VCP), formerly known as the Vietnam Workers Party, headed by Le Duan Member of. ADB, CEMA, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee, NAM, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $14.8 billion, $245 per capita (1983) Agriculture: main crops-rice, rubber, fruits and vegetables; some corn, manioc, and sug- arcane; major food imports-wheat, corn, dairy products Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Fishing: catch 445,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: food processing, textiles, machinebuilding, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires Shortages: foodgrains, petroleum, capital goods and machinery, fertilizer Electric power: 1,795,000 kW capacity (1984); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 75 kWh per capita Exports: $652 million (1983); agricultural and handicraft products, coal, minerals, ores Imports: $1,550 million (1983); petroleum, steel products, railroad equipment, chemi- cals, medicines, raw cotton, fertilizer, grain Major trade partners: exports-USSR, East European countries, Japan, other Asian mar- kets; imports-USSR, East Europe, Japan Aid: accurate data on aid since April 1975 unification unavailable; estimated annual economic aid on annual basis is-USSR, $600 million or more; East European countries, $150 million; non-Communist countries, $50 million; international institutions, $50 mil- lion; value of military aid deliveries since 1975 are not available Monetary conversion rate: 10.7 dong=US$1 (November 1984) Communications Railroads: 2,816 km total; 2,224 1.000-meter gauge, 130 km standard gauge, 230 km dual gauge, 212 km unoperable Highways: 41,190 km total; 5,471 km bitumi- nous, 27,030 km gravel or improved earth, 8,690 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 17,702 km naviga- ble; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8-m draft Airfields: 217 total, 128 usable; 46 with per- manent-surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 28 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,185,000; 9,014,000 fit for military service; 671,000 reach military age (17) annually Supply: dependent on the USSR and East Eu- ropean Communist countries for virtually all new equipment; produces negligible quanti- ties of infantry weapons, ammunition and explosive devices (Vietnam possesses a huge but dated inventory of US-manufactured weapons and equipment captured from the RVN) Military budget: no expenditure estimates are available; military aid from the USSR has been so extensive that actual allocation of Vietnam's domestic resources to defense has not been indicative of total military effort Ile Futuna ?Leava lie Aloti MATA. UTUU lie UvEa- Land About 207 km2; about the size of New York City Water Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm) People Population: 12,000 (July 1985) average an- nual growth rate 2.5% Nationality: noun-Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders; adjective- Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Is- lander Government Official name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Matu Utu Political subdivisions: three districts Branches: territorial assembly of 20 mem- bers; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris and one senator Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Wallis and Futuna (continued) Government leaders: Mirhel KUHN- MUNCH, Superior Administrator and President of Territorial Assembly Economy Agriculture: dominated by coconut produc- tion, with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas Electric power: 1,000 kW capacity (1984); 1 million kWh produced (1984), 83 kWh per capita Imports: $3.4 million (1977); largely food stuffs and some equipment associated with development programs Aid: (1978) France, European Development Fund, $2.6 million Monetary conversion rate: 127.05 Colonial Francs Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 (December 1982) Communications Highways: 100 km of improved road on Uvea Island (1977) Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable;1 with permanent- surface runways 1,220-2,439 in "elecommunications: 148 telephones (1.2 :er 100 popl.) Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of France Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) Type: legal status of territory and question of sovereignty unresolved-territory parti- tioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring the northern two-thirds, including the rich phos- phate reserves at Bu Craa. Mauritania, under pressure from the Polisario guerrillas, aban- doned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted adminis- trative control there; the Polisario's government in exile seated as an OAU mem- ber in 1984, while guerrilla activities continue into 1985 North Atlantic Ocean ~aa Dakhla Land 266,770 kml; larger than Utah; nearly all desert Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) People Population: 91,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 1.8% Nationality: noun-Saharan(s), Moroccan(s); adjective-Saharan, Moroccan Ethnic divisions: Arab and Berber Religion: Muslim Language: Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Ar- abic Literacy: among Moroccans, probably nearly 20%; among Saharans, perhaps 5% Labor force: 12,000; 50% animal husbandry and subsistence farming, 50% other Government Official name: Western Sahara Government leader: Muhamad ABDEL- AZIZ, President of Sahara Democratic Arab Republic (since October 1982) and secretary general of the Polisario (since August 1976) Economy GNP: not available Agriculture: practically none; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegeta- bles in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces Major industries: phosphate, fishing, and handicrafts Electric power: 60,000 kW capacity (1984); 78 million kWh produced (1984), 876 kWh per capita Exports: in 1982, up to $5 million in phos- phates, all other exports valued at under $3 million Imports: up to $30 million (1982); develop- ment, fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs Major trade partners: Morocco claims ad- ministrative control over Western Sahara and controls all trade with the country; West- ern Sahara trade figures are included in overall Moroccan accounts Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Aid: small amounts from Spain in prior years; currently Morocco is major source of support Monetary conversion rate: uses Moroccan dirham; 8.9 dirham=US$1 (1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 6,100 km total; 500 km bitumi- nous treated, 5,600 km unimproved earth roads and tracks Airfields: 16 total, 16 usable; 3 with perma- nent-surface runways, 3 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 in APIA Land 2,934 km2; the size of Rhode Island; com- prised of 2 large islands of Savai'i and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manono and Apolima; 65% forest; 24% culti- vated; 11% industry, waste, or urban Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 163,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.9% Nationality: noun-Western Samoan(s); ad- jective-Western Samoa Ethnic divisions: Samoan; about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Poly- nesian blood), 700 Europeans Religion: 99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Mis- sionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter Day Saints, Seventh Day Adventist) Language: Samoan (Polynesian), English Literacy: 90% Labor force: about 37,000 (1983); about 22,000 employed in agriculture Government Official name: Independent State of West- ern Samoa Type: constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into ef- fect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fun- damental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 Jan- uary Branches: Head of State and Executive Council; unicameral legislature (47-member Legislative Assembly); Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, vil- lage courts Government leaders: MALIETOA Tanumafili II, Head of State (since 1962); Taisi Tupuola Tofilau ETI, Prime Minister (since March 1976) Suffrage: 45 members of Legislative Assem- bly are elected by holders of matai (heads of family) titles (about 12,000 persons); two members are elected by universal adult suf- frage of persons lacking traditional family ties Elections: held triennially, last in February 1982 Political parties and leaders: no clearly de- fined political party structure Member of. ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, South Pacific Forum, South Pacific Commis- sion, UH, WHO Economy GNP: $130 million (1978), $770 per capita Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Western Samoa (continued) Agriculture: cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconuts, bananas, taro, yams Major industries: timber, tourism, light in- dustry Electric power: 21,000 kW capacity (1984); 51 million kWh produced (1984), 315 kWh per capita Exports: $9 million (f.o.b., 1982); copra 43.3%, cocoa 32.3%, timber 2.0%, mineral fuel, bananas Imports: $38 million (c.i.f., 1982); food 30%, manufactured goods 25%, machinery Major trade partners: exports-31% FRG, 26% New Zealand, 12% US, 2% Australia; im- ports-30% US, 28% New Zealand, 10% Australia, 6% UK (1981) Aid: economic commitments-US (FY70- 83), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $144 million Budget: (1982 est.) revenues, $36.9 million; expenditures, $37.6 million; development ex- penditure, $34.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.533 WS tala=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 784 km total; 375 km bituminous, remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 principal (Apia), 1 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 3,800 telephones (2.5 per 100 pop1.0; 50,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station Defense Forces Military manpower: males 15-49, 39,000; 20,000 fit for military service Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative Land 194,250 km2 (parts of border with Saudi Ara- bia and South Yemen undefined); slightly smaller than South Dakota; 79% desert, waste, or urban; 20% agricultural; 1% forest Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") People Population: 6,058,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7% Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective- Yemeni Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Arab (mixed) Religion: 100% Muslim (Sunni and Shi'a) Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: approximately one-third ex- patriate laborers; remainder almost entirely agriculture and herding Government Official name: Yemen Arab Republic Type: republic; military regime assumed power in June 1974 Legal system: based on Turkish law, Islamic law, and local customary law; first constitu- tion promulgated December 1970, sus- pended June 1974; has not accepted com- pulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Proclamation of the Re- public, 26 September Branches: President, Prime Minister, Cabi- net; People's Constituent Assembly Government leaders: Col. 'Ali 'Abdallah SALIH, President (since 1978); 'Abd al-'Aziz 'ABD AL-GHANI, Prime Minister (since 1983) Political parties or pressure groups: no legal political parties; in 1983 President Salih started the General People's Congress, which is designed to function as the country's sole political party; conservative tribal groups, Muslim Brotherhood, and leftist factions- pro-Iraqi Bathists, Nasirists, National Demo- cratic Front (NDF) supported by South Yemen-exert political influence Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GNP: $3.8 billion (FY79), $544 per capita Agriculture: sorghum and millet, qat (a mild narcotic), cotton, coffee, fruits and vegetables Major industries: cotton textiles and leather goods produced on a small scale; handicraft and some fishing; small aluminum products factory Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Electric power: 195,000 kW capacity (1984); 500 million kWh produced (1984), 80 kWh per capita Exports: $11 million (f.o.b., 1981); qat, cot- ton, coffee, hides, vegetables Imports: $1,748 million (f.o.b., 1981); textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, and cement (worst export/import ratio in the world) Major trade partners: China, South Yemen, USSR, Japan, UK, Australia, Saudi Arabia Budget: (1981) total receipts, $1,066 million; current expenditures, $1,569 million; devel- opment expenditures, $590 million Monetary conversion rate: 5.740 rials=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 4,000 km total; 1, 775 km bitumi- nous; 500 km crushed stone and gravel; 1,725 km earth, sand, and light gravel Airfields: 21 total, 15 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system still inade- quate but improving; new radio-relay and cable networks; 35,000 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, no FM, 5 TV sta- tions; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter to South Yemen Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,140,000; 635,000 fit for military service; about 66,000 reach military age (18) annually Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of (South Yemen) Arabian Sea Socotra el- ADEN Land 322,968 km'; the size of Nevada; (border with Saudi Arabia and North Yemen undefined); only about I% arable (of which less than 25% cultivated) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone" (eco- nomic, including fishing, 200 nm) People Population: 2,211,000, excluding the islands of Perim and Kamaran, for which no data are available (July 1985); average annual growth rate 2.9% Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective- Yemeni Ethnic divisions: almost all Arabs; a few Indi- ans, Somalis, and Europeans Religion: Sunni Muslim, some Christian and Hindu Government Official name: People's Democratic Repub- lic of Yemen Type: republic; power centered in ruling Ye- meni Socialist Party (YSP) Capital: Aden; Madin at ash Sha'b, adminis- trative capital Legal system: based on Islamic law (for per- sonal matters) and English common law (for commercial matters); highest judicial organ, Federal High Court, interprets constitution and determines disputes between states Branches: unicameral legislature (People's Assembly); Supreme Cabinet Government leaders: 'Ali Nasir Muhammad al-HASANI, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council, YSP Secretary General (since 1980); Heydar Abu Bakr al- 'ATTAS, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (since February 1985) Suffrage: granted by constitution to all citi- zens 18 and over Elections: elections for legislative body, Su- preme People's Council, called for in' constitution; none have been held Political parties and leaders: Yemeni Social- ist Party (YSP), the only legal party, is coalition of National Front, Ba'th, and Com- munist Parties Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB- Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $792 million (1978 est.), $430 per cap- ita (1980) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Yemen, South (continued) Agriculture: cotton is main cash crop; cere- als, dates, qat (a mild narcotic), coffee, and livestock are raised, and there is a growing fishing industry; large amount of food must be imported (particularly for Aden); cotton, hides, skins, dried and salted fish are ex- ported Major industries: petroleum refinery at Lit- tle Aden operates on imported crude; 1981 output about one-half of rated capacity of 170,000 b/d; oil exploration activity Electric power: 195,000 kW capacity (1984); 427 million kWh produced (1984), 200 kWh per capita Major trade partners: North Yemen, East Africa, but some cement and sugar imported from Communist countries; crude oil im- ported from Persian Gulf, exports mainly to UK and Japan Budget: (1980) total receipts $495 million, current expenditures $280 million, develop- ment expenditures $200 million Monetary conversion rate: 0.3425 dinar=US$1 (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: 5,600 km total; 1,700 km bitumi- nous treated, 630 km crushed stone and gravel, 3,270 km motor. able track Pipelines: refined products, 32 km Ports: 1 major (Aden), 4 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 46 total, 31 usable; 5 with perma- nent-surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: small system of open- wire, radio-relay, multiconductor cable, and radio communications stations; only center Aden; estimated 10,000 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM, 5 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite antenna; tropospheric scatter to North Yemen Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 479,000; 268,000 fit for military service Yugoslavia Land 255,804 km2; the size of Wyoming; 34% for- est, 32% arable, 25% meadow and pasture, 9% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,414 km (offshore islands) People Population: 23,137,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate -0.7% Nationality: noun-Yugoslav(s); adjective- Yugoslav Ethnic divisions: 36.2% Serb, 19.7% Croat, 8.9% Muslim, 7.8% Slovene, 7.7% Albanian, 5.9% Macedonian, 5.4% Yugoslav, 2.5% Mon- tenegrin, 1.9% Hungarian, 4.0% other (1981 census) Religion: 41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Ro- man Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census; later information unavail- able) Language: Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Mac- edonian (all official); Albanian, Hungarian, Italian Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Labor force: 9.7 million (1983); 29% agricul- ture, 24% mining and manufacturing, 11% noneconomic activities; (est.) unemployment about 15% of domestic labor force Government Official name: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Type: Communist state, federal republic in form Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; lead- ers are 23 members of party Presidium selected proportionally from republics, prov- inces, and Yugoslav People's Army, with the President rotating on an annual basis and the Secretary rotating every two years; current president is Ali %14Sukrija from Kosovo (un- til June 1985) Communists: 2.1 million party members. (June 1982) Crude steel: 4.2 million metric tons produced (1983), 183 kg per capita Electric power: 17,115,000 kW capacity (1984); 68.412 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,980 kWh per capita Exports: $9.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 52% raw materials and semimanufactures, 31% con- sumer goods, 17% equipment Political subdivisions: six republics with two autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia) Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction National holiday: Proclamation of the So- cialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November Branches: bicameral legislature (Federal As- sembly-Federal Chamber, Chamber of Republics and Provinces) constitutionally su- preme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal adminis- tration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective, rotating policymaking body com- posed of a representative from each republic and province, Veselin Djurahovic presides as President of the Republic until May 1985, when he will be replaced by the represen- tative from the Province of Vojvodina, Radovan Vlajkovic Government leader: Milka PLANINC, Pres- ident of the Federal Executive Council (since 1982) Elections: Federal Assembly elected every four years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Other political or pressure groups: Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yu- goslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR) Member of: ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA,'IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB-Inter-American Develop- ment Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some ac- tivities), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO,WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $122.3 billion (1983 est., at 1983 prices), $5,364 per capita; real growth rate -1.9% (1983) Agriculture: diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agri- cultural combines; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occa- sionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds Major industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, tex- tiles, wood processing, food processing Imports: $12.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); 79% raw materials and semi manuf actu res, 15% equip- ment, 6% consumer goods Major trade partners: 58% non-Communist countries; 42% Communist countries, of which 26% USSR (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 188.32 dinars=US$1 (November 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) Communications Railroads: 9,393 km total; 9,393 km 1.435- meter standard gauge; 891 km double track; 3,320 km electrified (1983) Highways: 116,300 km total; 59,500 km as- phalt, concrete, stone block; 37,300 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,500 km earth (1983) Freight carried: rail-88.9 million metric tons, 25.7 billion metric ton/km (1981); high- way-189.1 million metric tons, 19.6 billion metric ton/km (1981); waterway-22.7 mil- lion metric tons, 4.2 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) Pipelines: 1,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natu- ral gas; 150 km refined products Ports: 9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade Shortages: electricity, fuels 253 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Yugoslavia (continued) Airfields: 140 total, 137 usable; 48 with per- manent-surface runways, 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 4.6 million radios, 1.9 million telephones (1979) Defense Forces Branches: Yugoslav People's Army-Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard; Territorial Defense Force; Civil Defense; People's Militia (police) Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,016,000; 4,856,000 fit for military service; 184,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 7 submarines, 2 principal surface com- batants, 76 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 40 amphibious warfare craft, 31 mine warfare craft, 2 fleet support ships, 9 other auxiliaries Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 246.6 billion di- nars; about 4.1% of national income Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Land 2,345,409 km2; one-fourth the size of the US; 45% forest, 22% agricultural (2% cultivated or pasture), 33% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm People Population: 32,985,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.9% Nationality: noun-Zairian(s); adjective- Zairian Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes-Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religion: 50% Roman Catholic, 20% Protes- tant, 10% Kimbanguist, 10% Muslim, 10% other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs Language: French (official), English, Lin- gala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, and Tshiluba Labor force: about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure Government Official name: Republic of Zaire Type: republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system Political subdivisions: eight regions and fed- eral district of Kinshasa Legal system: based on Belgian civil law sys- tem and tribal law; new constitution promulgated February 1978; legal education at National University of Zaire; has not ac- cepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 30 June; Anniversary of the Regime, 24 Novem- ber Branches: President elected originally in 1970 for seven-year term; Marshal Mobutu reelected July 1984; limits on reelection re- moved by new constitution; unicameral legislature (310-member National Legisla- tive Council elected for five-year term); the official party is the supreme political institu- tion Government leader: Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko, President (since 1965); KENGO Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner (prime minister; since November 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: elections for rural collectivities' urban zone councils, and the Legislative Council of the Popular Movement of the Revolution were held June-September 1982; presidential referendum/election held July 1984; presidential election/referendum scheduled for 1991 Political parties and leaders: Popular Move- ment of the Revolution (MPR), only legal party Voting strength: Mobutu polled 99.6% of vote in the 1984 election Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Member of. AfDB, APC, CIPEC, EAMA, E113 (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, II3RD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $3.4 billion (1981), $110 per capita; 3.0% real growth (1984 est.) Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; main food crops-man- ioc, bananas, root crops, corn; some provinces self-sufficient Fishing: catch 102,415 metric tons (1980) Major industries: mining, mineral process- ing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, and cigarettes), processed foods and beverages, cement Electric power: 2,412,000 kW capacity (1984); 4.96 billion kWh produced (1984), 154 kWh per capita Exports: $1.424 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.); $1.611 million (1984 est.) copper, cobalt, dia- monds, petroleum, coffee Imports: $1.041 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.); $1.130 million (1984 est.) consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels Major trade partners: Belgium, US, France, and West Germany Budget: (1984 est.) revenues, $603 million; current expenditures, $609 million; capital expenditures, $28 million Monetary conversion rate: 37.534 zaires=US$1 (August 1984) Communications Railroads: 5,254 km total; 3,968 km 1.067- meter gauge (851 km electrified), 125 km 1,000-meter gauge; 136 km 0.615-meter gauge, 1,025 km 0.600-meter gauge Highways: 145,050 km total; 2,350 km bitu- minous, 46,230 km gravel and improved earth; remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: comprising the Zaire, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes, the wa- terway system affords over 15,000 km of navigable routes Pipelines: refined products, 390 km Ports: 2 major (Matadi, Boma), 1 minor Civil air: 57 major transport aircraft Airfields: 319 total, 283 usable; 26 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 65 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: barely adequate wire and radio-relay service, 30,300 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 10 AM, 3 FM, 17 TV sta- tions;1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station and 13 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Logistics Corps, Special Presi- dential Brigade Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,417,000; 3,748,000 fit for military service Boundary repre entation is n t necessarily authoritative Land 752,614 km2; larger than Texas; 61% scat- tered wood and grass, 13% dense forest, 10% grazing, 6% marsh, 5% arable and under cul- tivation People Population: 6,770,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun-Zambian(s); adjective- Zambian Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, 1.1% Euro- pean, 0.2% other Religion: 50-75% Christian, 1% Muslim and Hindu, remainder indigenous beliefs Language: English (official); about 70 indige- nous languages Labor force: 402,000 wage earners; 375,000 Africans, 27,000 non-Africans; 23% govern- ment and miscellaneous services, 19% construction, 15% mining, 10% manufactur- ing, 9% agriculture, 9% domestic service, 9% commerce, 6% transport Organized labor: approximately 238,000 wage earners are unionized Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Zambia (continued) Government Official name: Republic of Zambia Type: one-party state Capital: Lusaka Political subdivisions: nine provinces INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: $2.9 billion (1981), $476 per capita; real growth rate, 1.8% (1981) Airfields: 128 total, 114 usable; 11 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; legal education at University of Zambia in Lusaka; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 24 October Branches: modified presidential system; uni- cameral legislature (National Assembly); judiciary Government leaders: Dr. Kenneth David KAUNDA, President (since October 1964); Nalumino MUNDIA, Prime Minister (Feb- ruary 1981) Elections: general election held 27 October 1983; next general election scheduled for 1988 Political parties and leaders: United Na- tional Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when one-party state pro- claimed Voting strength: (1983 election) 63.5% of eli- gible voters participated; Kaunda, who was the only candidate for President, received a 93% "yes" vote; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP Communists: no Communist party, but so- cialist sympathizers in upper levels of government and UNIP Member of: AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Agriculture: main crops-corn, tobacco, cot- ton; net importer of most major agricultural products Major industries: transport, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer Electric power: 1,920,000 kW capacity (1984); 10.091 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,539 kWh per capita Exports: $1,030 million (f.o.b., 1983); copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco Imports: $1,060 million (c.i.f., 1983); ma- chinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures Major trade partners: EC, Japan, China, South Africa Budget: (central government, 1983) reve- nues, $860 million (est.); expenditures, $1,070 million (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 1.831 Zambian kwachas=US$1(July 1984) Communications Railroads: 1,204 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track Highways: 36,370 km total; 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Tan- ganyika; Mpulungu is small port on Lake Tanganyika Telecommunications: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa; high-capacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; 67,300 telephones; (1.0 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 2 FM, 10 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, paramilitary Po- lice Mobile Force, Police Paramilitary Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,413,000; 737,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Boundary roprosonlalion s not nncnssanly authoritarian Land 391,090 km2; nearly as large as California; 40% arable (of which 6% cultivated), 60% ex- tensive grazing; of this total 48% worked communally by Africans, 39% owned by Eu- ropeans (farmed by modern methods), 7% national land, 6% other People Population: 8,667,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Zimbabwean(s); adjec- tive-Zimbabwean Ethnic divisions: about 97% African (over 77% members of Shona-speaking subtribes, 19% speak Ndebele); about 3% white, 1% mixed and Asian Organized labor: about one-third of Euro- pean wage earners are unionized, but only a small minority of Africans Government Official name: Republic of Zimbabwe Type: independent; a British-style par- liamentary democracy Capital: Harare Political subdivisions: eight provinces Legal system: Roman-Dutch Branches: legislative authority resides in a Parliament consisting of a 100-member House of Assembly (with 20 seats reserved for whites) and a 40-member Senate (10 elected by white members of the House, 14 elected by the other members of the House; 10 chiefs, 5 from Mashonaland and 5 from Matabele- land, elected by members of the Council of Chiefs; 6 appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime Minister); executive au- thority lies with a Cabinet led by the Prime Minister; the High Court is the superior judi- cial authority Government leaders: Rev. Canaan Sodindo BANANA, President (since April 1980); Rob- ert MUGABE, Prime Minister (since April 1980) Suffrage: universal over age 18; for at least seven years after independence (1980), white, mixed, and Asians vote on a separate roll for 20 seats in the House of Assembly Voting strength: (February 1980 elections) ZANU (also known as ZANU-PF), 57 seats; ZAPU (also known as the Patriotic Front), 20 seats; CA, 9 seats; independents, 11 seats; UANC, 3 seats Member of: AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITO, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $6.6 billion (1982), $870 per capita; real growth 12% (1980 and 1981), 2% (1982) Agriculture: main crops-tobacco, corn, tea, sugar, cotton; livestock Major industries: mining, steel, textiles, chemicals, vehicles Electric power: 1,280,000 kW capacity (1984); 5.606 billion kWh produced (1984), 670 kWh per capita Exports: $1.12 billion (f.o.b., 1983), including net gold sales and reexports; tobacco, asbes- tos, cotton, copper, tin, chrome, gold, nickel, meat, clothing, sugar Imports: $1.43 billion (f.o.b. 1982); machin- ery, petroleum products, wheat, transport equipment Religion: 50% syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs), 25% Christian, 24% in- digenous beliefs, a few Muslim Language: English (official); ChiShona and Si Ndebele Labor force: 1,048,000 (1981); 35% agricul- ture; 25% mining, manufacturing, construction; 40% transport and services Elections: at discretion of Prime Minister but must be held before expiration of five-year electoral mandate Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe Af- rican National Union (ZANU), Robert Mugabe; Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), Joshua Nkomo; Conservative Alli- ance (CA), Ian Smith; independent white (former RF) members of Parliament, Chris Andersen; United African National Council (UANC), Bishop Abel Muzorewa; others failed to win any seats in Parliament Aid: economic commitments-Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970- 81), $446 million; US, including Ex-Im (1980- 83), $229 million; Communist countries (1970-83), $59 million Budget: (FY83/84 est.) revenues, $1.82 bil- lion; expenditures, $2.223 billion; deficit, $400 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.26 Zimbabwean dollars=US$1 (July 1984) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Zimbabwe (continued) Communications Railroads: 3,394 km 1.067-meter gauge; 42 km double track; 12% of railroad is electri- fied Highways: 85,237 km total; 12,243 km paved, 28,090 km crushed stone, gravel, sta- bilized soil: 23,097 km improved earth; 21,807 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication Airfields: 484 total, 448 usable; 21 with per- manent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system was one of the best in Africa but now suffers from poor maintenance; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radio communication stations; principal center Harare, secondary center Bulawayo; 236,500 telephones (3.1 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, 15 FM, 8 TV stations; satel- lite station under construction Defense Forces Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Zim- babwe Air Force, Police Support Unit, People's Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,859,000; 1,142,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $377 million; 13.7% of central government budget Taiwan (China listed in alphabetic order) chang-hua,. Maa-l Taiwan: !. Philippine Sea Land 32,260 km2 (Taiwan and Pescadores); the size of Maryland and Delaware combined; 55% forest, 24% cultivated, 6% pasture, 5% other (urban, industrial, waste, or water) Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,240 km Taiwan, 327 km Pesca- dores People Population: 19,358,000, excluding the popu- lation of Quemoy and Matsu Islands and foreigners (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.5% Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Chinese Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% main- land Chinese, 2% aborigine Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhist, Confu- cian, and Taoist; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other Language: Mandarin Chinese (official); Tai- wanese and Hakka dialects also used Labor force: 7,266,000 (1983); 19% agricul- ture, 40% industry and commerce, 30% services, 7% civil administration; 1.6% unem- ployment (1983) Organized labor: about 15% of 1978 labor force (government controlled) Government Official name: Taiwan Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 5 cities, 2 special municipalities (Taipei and Kao- hsiung) Legal system: based on civil law system; con- stitution adopted 1946, though 1948 amendments set most of the constitution aside; martial law declared in 1949 still in effect; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: five independent branches (execu- tive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional Chinese functions of examination and con- trol), dominated by executive branch; President and Vice President elected by Na- tional Assembly Government leaders: CHIANG Ching-kuo, President (since March 1978); YU Kuo-hua, Premier (since June 1984) Elections: national level-Legislative Yuan every three years; National Assembly and Control Yuan every six years; no general elec- tion held since 1948 election on mainland (partial elections for Taiwan province repre- sentatives in December 1969, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1983, and 1984); local level-provin- cial assembly, county and municipal executives every four years; county and municipal assemblies every four years Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Voting strength: (1983 Legislative Yuan elections) 62 seats Kuomintang, 19 seats inde- pendents; 1981 local elections, with 63% turnout of eligible voters, Kuomintang re- ceived 71% of the popular vote, non- Kuomintang 29% Other political or pressure groups: loose co- alition of oppositionist/independent politicians has emerged in the past six years Member of. expelled from UN General As- sembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; ex- pelled from IMF/World Bank group April/May 1980; member of ADR and seek- ing to join GATT and/or MFA; attempting to retain membership in ICAC, ISO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, PCA; suspended from IAEA in 1972 but still allows IAEA controls over extensive atomic development Major trade partners: exports-49% US, 10% Japan; imports-29% Japan, 23% US, 8.6% Saudi Arabia (1983) Aid: economic commitments-US authori- zations, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-81), $275 million; military- US (FY46-81), $4.4 billion authorized Budget: central government expenditure, $42.5 billion (FY83) Monetary conversion rate: NT (New Tai- wan) $39.7=US$1 (October 1984) Communications Railroads: about 1,075 km common carrier lines and over 3,800 km industrial lines; com- mon carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708 km West Line and the 367 km East Line; a 98.25 km South Link Line connection is under construction; common carrier lines owned by the government and operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises INTELSAT ground stations; tropospheric scatter links to Hong Kong and the Philip- pines available but inactive; submarine cables to Okinawa (Japan), the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, and Hong Kong Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,235,000; 4,115,000 fit for military service; about 212,000 currently reach military age (19) an- nually Economy CNP: $56.6 billion (1984 est), $2,985 per cap- ita; real growth, 8.8% (1984) Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed-60% cultivated land under irriga- tion; main crops-rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, citrus fruits; food shortages-wheat, corn, soybeans Major industries: textiles, clothing, chemi- cals, electronics, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding Electric power: 13,071,000 kW capacity (1984); 45.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,390 kWh per capita Exports: $30.4 billion (f.o.b.,1984 est.); 20.5% textiles, 18.8% electrical machinery, 9% gen- eral machinery and equipment, 9% telecommunications equipment, 7.4% basic metals and metal products, 5.4% foodstuffs, 2.5% plywood and wood products Imports: $21.6 billion (c.i.f., 1984 est.); 25% machinery and equipment, 17.7% crude oil, 11.9% chemical and chemical products, 6.7% basic metals, 6.3% foodstuffs Highways: network totals 18,800 km (15,800 km are bitumous or concrete surface); 2,500 km are crushed stone or gravel surface; and 500 km are graded earth Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas Ports: 5 major (Kaohsiung, Keelung, Hualien, Suao, and Taichung), 4 minor (Tanshui, Tai- nan, Tapeng, and Makung) Airfields: 40 total, 39 usable; 32 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: very good interna- tional and domestic service; 3.6 million telephones; about 100 radio broadcast sta- tions with 270 AM and 12 FM transmitters; 12 TV stations and 6 repeaters; 8 million ra- dio receivers and 3.6 million TV receivers; 2 Military budget: announced expenditures for national defense for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $3.8 billion; about 39.4% of cen- tral government budget; however, total military expenditures may be closer to $4.46 billion or about 50% of the central govern- ment budget Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 West Bank and Gaza Strip quarter of the Dead Sea; excludes Mt. Sco- pus); less than one-half the size of North Carolina; Gaza Strip-363.3 km2; larger than Washington, D.C. ness; 26.1% construction; 25.2% service and other; and 18.0% agriculture Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative, GAZA STRIP (Israeli occupied - status to be determined) Mediterranean / /Dead Sea ~/~ I . aietirdr+ Sea NOTE: the war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in con- trol of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. As stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed by the President's 1 September 1982 peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, their relation- ship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negoti- ated among the concerned parties. Camp David further specifies that these negotia- tions will resolve the respective boundaries. Pending the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip has yet to be deter- mined. In the view of the United States, the term "West Bank" describes all of the area west of the Jordan River under Jordanian ad- ministration before the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. However, with respect to negotiations evisaged in the framework agreement, it is US policy that a distinction must be made between Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank because of the city's special status and circumstances. Therefore, a negotiated solu- tion for the final status of Jerusalem could be different in character in some respects from that of the rest of the West Bank. Land West Bank-5,858.1 km2 (includes West Bank, East Jerusalem, Latrun and "Jerusa- lem No Man's Land," and the northwest Land boundaries: West Bank-480.2 km; Gaza Strip-72.1 km Water Coastline: West Bank-none; Gaza Strip- 39.7 km People Population: total, 1,443,000 (July 1985); av- erage annual growth rate 2.7%; West Bank (including East Jerusalem)-930,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.3%; Gaza Strip-508,000 (July 1984), average an- nual growth rate 3.7% Nationality: West Bank-to be determined; Gaza Strip-to be determined Ethnic divisions: West Bank-84% Palestin- ian Arab and other, 12% Jewish, 4% Bedouin; Gaza Strip-99.8% Palestinian Arab and other, 0.2% Jewish Religion: West Bank-80% Muslim (pre- dominantly Sunni), 12% Jewish, 7% Christian and other; Gaza Strip-99% Muslim (pre- dominantly Sunni), 0.8% Christian, 0.2% Jewish Language: West Bank: Arabic; Israeli settlers speak He- brew; English widely understood Gaza Strip: Arabic; Israeli settlers speak He- brew; English widely understood Literacy: West Bank-statistics unavailable; Gaza Strip-statistics unavailable Labor force: West Bank: (excluding Israeli Jewish settlers) 29.6% small industry, commerce, and busi- ness; 24.7% construction; 22.6% agriculture; and 23.1% service and other (1983) Gaza Strip: (excluding Israeli Jewish settlers) 30.7% small industry, commerce and busi- Government The West Bank and the Gaza Strip are cur- rently governed by Israeli military authorities and their civil administrations. It is US policy that the final status of these areas will be determined by negotiations among the concerned parties. These negotiations will determine how this area is to be gov- erned. Economy GNP: West Bank-$999 million (1982); Gaza Strip-$486 million (1982) Agriculture: West Bank-olives, citrus, and other fruits, vegetables, beef, and dairy prod- ucts; Gaza Strip-olives, citrus, and other fruits, vegetables, beef, and dairy products Major industries: the Israelis have estab- lished modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers (3 in West Bank and 1 in Gaza Strip); generally small family busi- nesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; Gaza Strip-generally small fam- ily businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive wood carvings, and mother-of- pearl souvenirs Electric power: the Israel Electric Corpora- tion, Ltd., exported 201.3 million kWh during 1982; the 1983 export is estimated at 255 million kWh (exported is understood to mean power provided to occupied territories) West Bank: bulk of installed capacity con- tained in two diesel powerplants- Jerusalem-Shoufat plant (22,000 kW) and Nablus plant (19,600 kW); total estimated ca- pacity for all West Bank powerplants is 45,000 kW (1984); 90 million kWh produced (1984), 60 kWh per capita Gaza Strip: no known installed capacity; power probably obtained from Israel Exports: West Bank-$206.9 million (1983); Gaza Strip-$168.5 million (1983) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 West Bank and Gaza Strip (continued) Imports: West Bank-$462.4 million (1983); Gaza Strip-$329.5 million (1983) Major trade partners: West Bank-Jordan and Israel; Gaza Strip-Egypt and Israel Budget: within the occupied territories, each municipality has its own budget; the follow- ing data represent the sum of the revenues and expenditures of the municipalities in each area for fiscal year beginning 1 April 1983 West Bank: revenues, $15.2 million; expen- ditures, $24.3 million Gaza Strip: revenues, $12.0 million; expendi- tures, $16.7 million Monetary conversion rate: West Bank: units of currency used are Israeli shekel (56.21=US$1, 1983 average), Jorda- nian dinar (0.36=US$1, 1983 average), and US dollar Gaza Strip: units of currency used are Israeli shekel (56.21=US$1, 1983 average), Egyp- tian pound (1.43=US$1, February 1983 average), and US dollar Communications Railroads: West Bank-none; Gaza Strip- one abandoned line throughout the entire territory Highways: West Bank: small, poorly developed indige- nous road network; Israelis have improved major axial highways Gaza Strip: small, poorly developed indige- nous road network; Israelis have improved major axial highways Pipelines: West Bank-none; Gaza Strip- none Ports: West Bank-none; Gaza Strip-facili- ties for small boats at Gaza Civil air: West Bank-statistics unavailable; Gaza Strip-statistics unavailable Telecommunications: West Bank-no local radio or TV stations; Gaza Strip-no local ra- dio or TV stations Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86S00596R000200790001-2 Appendix A The United Nations System Standing and procedural committees Other subsidiary organs of the General Assembly ? UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ? UNFICYP: United Nations Force in Cyprus ? UNIFIL: United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon ? UNMOGIP: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan ? UNTSO: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNRWA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East International Court otf Justice --^ IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNICEF: United Nations Children's Fund UNHCR: United Nations Office of High Commissioner for Refugees UNITAR: United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNDP: United Nations Development Program UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNEP: United Nations Environment Program UNU: United Nations University HABITAT: United Nations Center for Human Settlements UNFPA: United Nations Fund for Population Activities United Nations Special Fund World Food Council Economic and Social Council Sessional, standing, and ad hoc committees o Principal organs of the United Nations ? Other United Nations organs ^ Specialized agencies and other autonomous organizations within the system -0 GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade fl ILO: International Labor Organization ^ FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ^ UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization ^ WHO: World Health Organization ^ IMF: International Monetary Fund ^ IDA: International Development Association ^ IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ^ IFC: International Finance Corporation ^ ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization -t UPU: Universal Postal Union -D ITU: International Telecommunication Union -^ WMO: World Meteorological Organization - ^ IMO: International Maritime Organization -0 WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization -^ IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86S00596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Appendix B Selected UN Organizations ICJ International Court of justice . . . Secretariat Other organs UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development TDB Trade and Development Board UNDP UN Development Program UNICEF UN Children's Fund UNIDO UN Industrial Development Organization Regional Economic ECA Economic Commission for Africa Commissions ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia Specialized FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Agencies and Other autonomous IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) Organizations ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Within the S t IDA International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) ys em IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WFC World Food Council WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual. Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization .GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Appendix C Selected International Organizations AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AfDB African Development Bank AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council Arab League (League of Arab States) ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market _ CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association _ CCC Customs Cooperation Council _ CDB Caribbean Development Bank _ CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries ... Colombo Plan EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMS European Monetary System ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization G-77 Group of 77 GCC Gulf Cooperation Council IADB Inter-American Defense Board IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association IBEC International Bank for Economic Cooperation ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCAT International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ICCO International Cocoa Organization ICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration ICES International Cooperation in Ocean Exploration ICO International Coffee Organization IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDB Islamic Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (associated with OECD) Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 IHO International Hydrographic Organization International Lead and Zinc Study Group IIB International Investment Bank INRO International Natural Rubber Organization INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization IOOC International Olive Oil Council IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Rice Council ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council NAM Nonaligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PAHO Pan American Health Organization SADCC Southern African Development Coordination Committee SELA Latin American Economic System SPC South Pacific Commission UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WEU Western European Union WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WPC World Peace Council WSG International Wool Study Group WTO World Tourism Organization Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Appendix D Country Membership in Selected Organizations Afghanistan Albania ? a Algeria Andorrae I Angola Antigua and Barbuda i I Argentina I ? i Australia Austria Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belgium ? Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Botswana I Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon I Canada I ? Cape Verde Central African Republic I I Chad Chile China, People's Republic of Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cuba Cyprus I ~ Czechoslovakia I i I Denmark ! ? Djibouti Dominica ? Dominican Republic Ecuador I I ~ Egypt ? e ? ? ? ? ? e El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia . Inter-American Development Bank b Islamic Development Bank C Not a member of UN International Organizations ADB ARAB ASEAN CACM CARICOM CEMA EC G-77 CCC IDB? IDBb INTELSAT LAIA NAM NATO OAPEC OAS Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - - - -------------- ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86S00596R000200790001-2 ADB ARAB ASEAN CACM CARICOM CEMA EC G-77 CCC IDBa IDBb INTELSAT LAIA NAM NATO OAPEC OAS LEAGUE Fiji a Finland France French Guianac Gabon Gambia, The I mocratic n D G erma e Republic Germany, Federal Republic of Ghana Greece Grenada Guadeloupec Guatemala ) I~~ Guinea Guinea-Bissau ( 3 ( f ' Guyana ~~~ ? fi Jordan Kenya Kiribatic Korea, Northc . ' I Libya Liechtensteinc Luxembourg Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86S00596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 . . 1' . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 ADB ARAB ASEAN CACM CARICOM CEMA EC G-77 CCC IDB? IDBb INTELSAT LAIA NAM NATO OAPEC OAS LEAGUE Malta Martinique - Mauritania ? Mauritius j j Mexico Monaco Mongolia ? j Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nauruc Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Reunionc Romania Rwanda St. Christopher and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines San Marinoc Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 United Nations Organizations OAU OECD OIC OPEC SELA WFTU FAO GATT IAEA IBRD ICAO -ICJ IDA IFAD IFC ILO IMF IMO ?c Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 iland S waz Sweden itzerland S w Syria Tanzania Thailand T ogo T c onga Trinidad and Tobago nisia T u Turkey Tuvalu Uganda Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Vatican City' Venezuela Vietnam Western International Organizations ADB ARAB ASEAN CACM CARICOM CEMA EC C-77 GCC IDBa IDBb INTELSAT LAIA NAM NATO OAPEC OAS Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 - I I . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596R000200790001-2 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596ROO0200790001-2 Appendix E Acres Hectares 0.4046856 Acres Kilometers, square 0.004046856 Acres Meters, square 4046.856 Centimeters Meters 0.01 Centimeters, square Meters, square 0.0001 Degrees, Fahrenheit Degrees, Celsius subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9 Feet Centimeters 30.48 Feet Meters 0.3048 Feet Kilometers 0.0003048 Feet, cubic Liters 28.316847 Feet, cubic Meters, cubic 0.028316847 Feet, square Centimeters, square 929.0304 Feet, square Meters, square 0.09290304 Gallons, US liquid Liters 3.785412 Gallons, US liquid Meters, cubic 0.003785412 Grams Ounces, troy 0.032151 Grams Pounds, troy 0.002679 Hectares Kilometers, square 0.01 Hectares Meters, square 10,000 Inches Centimeters 2.54 Inches Meters 0.0254 Inches, cubic Milliliters 16.387064 Inches, cubic Liters 0.016387064 _ Inches, cubic Meters, cubic 0.000016387064 Inches, square Centimeters, square 6.4516 Inches, square Meters, square 0.00064516 Kilograms Ounces, troy 32.15075 Kilograms Pounds, troy 2.679229 Kilograms Tons, metric 0.001 Kilometers, square Hectares 100 Liters Milliliters 1000 Liters Meters, cubic 0.001 Meters Millimeters 1000 Meters Centimeters 100 Meters Kilometers 0.001 Meters, cubic Liters 1000 Meters, cubic Tons, register 0.353147 Miles, nautical Kilometers 1.852 Miles, statute Centimeters 160934.4 Miles, statute Meters 1609.344 Miles, statute Kilometers 1.609344 Miles, square Hectares 258.9998 Miles, square Kilometers, square 2.589998 Ounces, avoirdupois Grams 28.349523 Ounces, avoirdupois Kilograms 0.028349523 Ounces, troy Pounds, troy 0.083333 Ounces, troy Grams 31.10348 Pints, liquid Milliliters 473.176473 Pints, liquid Liters 0.473176473 Pounds, avoirdupois Grams 453.59237 Pounds, avoirdupois Kilograms 0.45359237 Pounds, avoirdupois Quintals 0.00453592 Pounds, avoirdupois Tons, metric 0.000453592 Pounds, troy Ounces, troy 12 Pounds, troy Grams 373.241722 Quarts, dry Liters 1.101221 Quarts, dry Dekaliters 0.1101221 Quarts, liquid Milliliters 946.352946 Quarts, liquid Liters 0.946352946 Quintals Tons, metric 0.1 Tons, long Kilograms 1016.047 Tons, long Tons, metric 1.016047 Tons, metric Quintals 10 Ton-miles, long Ton-kilometers, metric 1.635169 Ton-miles, short Ton-kilometers, metric 1.459972 Tons, register Meters, cubic 2.831685 Tons, short Kilograms 907.185 Tons, short Tons, metric 0.907185 Yards Centimeters 91.44 Yards Meters 0.9144 Yards, cubic Liters 764.5549 Yards, cubic Meters, cubic 0.7645549 Yards, square Meters, square 0.836127 Approved For Release 2011/02/09: CIA-RDP86SO0596ROO0200790001-2 iron of Ca're' U.s D OO@C~&JJ South Pacific Ocean ~~ Ocean '~ C~'Cc'~QP&1C C:1GfiICr~o'Pa6G) D '+THE BAHAMAS SD~~ Q~Q ~POWbCf~. ("]4 W sT. was ;poMixln VINCENT ANDNARBA008 INE VRENAOINES-+, OORRU PRANCE 'MALTA a~'CYPRUS / LEBANON ~~SRAE I _KE KENYA BANGLADP INDIA CHINA I BRUNEI ALAYSIq ixciP J U rs DON.ESIA..'A C1WU~P64f6 G~C~~J~aOCf~ c~~~ coo C.A.R. -CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC F.R.G. -FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY G.D.R. -GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC P.D.R.Y.-PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF YEMEN U.A.E. -UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Y.A.R. -YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC ~?V7 :: ? Ca~4 we ~ouQ Q ~~ n o N1000 The Uiited Stetee GOVernmBRI hae nRl recopnu