PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

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CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7
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RIPPUB
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C
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41
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November 11, 2016
Document Release Date: 
March 22, 1999
Sequence Number: 
11
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Publication Date: 
April 21, 1975
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Confidential 1--I,D-0012/75-2 21 April 1975 0 ~ (n~-, ~ u E STATSPEC 111tar), Political and Economic Data FBI LIC FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE Approved For Release 1999/09/260 IJg?Plkb0608R000200110011-7 STATSPEC L Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : 4NRf fi 00608R000200110011-7 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA MILITARY, POLITICAL AND ECO1041C DATA Military Historical Struggle Recalled in Criticism of Lin (CHIEH-FANG-CHUN PAO 23 Nov 74 p 2) Tientsin Unit Manifests Combat Role Through Lin Criticism (CHIEH-FANG-CHUN PAO 23 Nov 74 p 1) 4 Editorial Calls for Militia Improvement (MIN-PING SI-IENG-HUO 15 Nov 74 pp 2-3) 10 Lin P.'ao Criticized for Opposing Militia Building (MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Dec pp 11-14) 12 Lin Piao, Followers Repudiated 15 Militia Role Cannot Be Attacked 16 Kwangsi Militia Engages in Public Security Work (1-IIN-PING SILENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 18-19) 17 Assists PLA in Patrol Duties 17 Lin Piao, Followers Criticized for Restoration Plots (MIN-PING SING-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 10-12) 18 Consolidating Proletarian Dictatorship 21 Criticizing Fallacies 23 Creating Counterrevolutionary Public Opinions 24 Kwangsi Rubber Plant Strengthens its Militia 25 (MIN-PING SIIIiNG-HUO 1S Nov 74 pp 4-5) Militia Organizations Promote Training (III`-PING SIIENG-}IUO 15 Aug 74 pp 16-17) 28 Combining Labor with 'Training 2J Developing Militia Tactics 30 Anhwei Militia Engages in Air Defense Training (CHI1:11-FAN(;-CIHUN PA0 22 Oct 73 p 2) Military Subdistrict Promotes Militia Building (CIIIEII-PANG-C1[UN PAO 22 Oct 73 p 3) CONFIDE'N'TIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 &"PMt00608R000200110011-7 1 MILITARY HISTORICAL STRUGGLE RECALLED IN CRITICISM OF LIN Peking CHIEH- FANG- CHUN PAO 23 74 p 2 [Article "Convert the Enemy by Sincerity or Tame Him with Amed Preparedness" by the theoretical group of the 2 second company of an. A_,' Force unit] [Text; In the early years of Western Han, the slave military regim; of the Huns in the northern part of our country, relying on several hundred thousand horse-soldiers, enslaved and oppressed scores of small states and ran over the whole cif the Goii Desert. They long3d to possess the Central Plains which was under the control of the Western Han dynasty and had an advanced social system. From time to time they raided the Central Plains, plundering and killing people and disrupting production. Over the question of how to guard against the invasions of the slave-owning Hun nobles, the Confucian and Legalist schools had waged a protracted struggle since the early year of the Han dynasty. The acute controversy over this question at the "Salt an.i Iron Conference" in the middle period of the Westexn Ilan was an epitome of this struggle. At the "Salt and Iron Conference," the divergence between the Confucian and Legalist schools found its expression primarily in how to understand the reactionary nature of the Hun slave-owners. The men of virtue and men of letters representing the slave-owning reactionary force shamelessly beautified and covered up the reactionary nature of the Hun slave-owners and advocated the theory that there was no enemy who could not be reformed by "love and justice" and "morality" and that as long as "virtue was practiced" and "amity was existent between the two countries," even enemies like the Hun slave-owners who were cruel and heartless by nature would lay down the butcher knife, become Buddhas and stop harassing and plundering Western Han. The confrontation and struggle between the Western Han dynasty and the Hun slave-owning regime in the north represented the contradiction between the advanced feudal system and the backward slave system at the time as well as the contradiction between the working people of Western Han and the Hun slave-owning nobility. This contradiction existed after Chin Shih Huang established the unified feudal state, and became more acute during the period of Western Han. The reason was that Hun slave- owning nobility regularly carried out er.:.roachment and, in collusion with some feudal princes of Western Han, rose in revolt against the Western Han dynasty. Could such a reactionary class as the Hun slave- owning nobility be reformed by virtue as claimed by the Confucian men of virtue and men of letters who advocated "influence them with love CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CON FIDENTIAI . and justice and pacify them with morality"? Sang Hung-yang, an outstanding representative of the Legalist School cited a mass of instancO? where the H ns often entered the Hsiao Pass, killed people and plundered them of their property, and exposed the insatiable wolfish nature of the Hun slave-owning nobility. Facts prove that although on many occasions the Hun slave-cwnars "made peace" with the Han dynasty by "marriage between the royal families of the two opposing states," and sometimes were compelled by circumstances to seek peace, it did not mean that the nature of the enemy had changed. As soon as circumstances changed, the Hun slave-owners would invariably "become the first to violate the agreement." "hey are always changing and untrustworthy, and violate every =rgreemeiit made." Sar:.g Hung-yang pointed out that the Hun slave-owners who nibbled like a silkworm were a cancer in the heart of the Western Ilan dynasty and that to reform such an enemy with "sincerity" and to please him with "gold and silk fabrics" was to aid the man-eating tiger, which would only result in having the people plundered and enslaved and their land trampled on and ravaged. Sang Hung-yang adopted the tactics of "using their spear to pierce their shield" and put forward the slogan: "It is not virtuous to benefit the wicked." That is to say, to practice "benevolent policy" towards the wicked was not a virtuous policy. He fully exposed the reactionary character and falsehood of the love, justice and morality advocated by the Confucian school. Proceeding from different understanding about the reactionary nature of the Hun slave-O ning nobles led to two antagonistic views over the policy of resistance adopted by the Western I-Ian to the Hun slave-owning nobilities. Sang hung-yang backed up -the line of war of resistance adopted by Emperor Wu of Ilan, and advocated a national war of self- defense against the invasions of the Huns. On the other hand, men of virtue and men of letters exaggerated the terror and cruelty of war, sayin.-. Ilse wounds of war will remain unhealed for successive gener- ati-)n_., the fields will become desolate, and the cities will become empty." They painted a heart-rending picture of war. Flaunting the banner of "asking for clemency on behalf of the people," they urged the central government of Western Ilan to "get rid of militarism, promote culture, abandon the use of strength and uphold virtue," and to carry out a capitulationist policy sc as to turn tl'e beautiful land over to th' enemy. This shows that the divergence between the Confucian school represented by men of virtue and men of letters and the Legalist school represented by Sang 1-!u.-ng-yang was not only one of how to deal with the Hun invasions but also a fundamental one between two different conceptions of war. Chairman Mao teaches us: "War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed ever .-since the emergence of private property and of classes." Thus, war accompanies the emergence of classes. At that time, the war between the CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIAO JW &W 088000200110011-7 Western Han dynasty and the Hun slave-owning nobles was precisely the highest manifestation of the contradiction between classes. To be sure, the Legalists more than two thousand years ago could not have such a Marxist conception. of war. But, they observed that ever since "the strong triumphed over the weak, and the many attacked the few" in human society, the ruling class "applied axes at home and used arr.ied soldiers abroad" (Lord Slan g, Plann ng) and war was made inevitable. Consequently, thty advocated "using war to eliminate war" and using one kind of armed force to wipe out the other kind of arr,ied force. On the other. Land, the Crxifucians from the time of Confucius advocated the absurd theory, "part with the food," "dispense with the military equipment" and "in:ease confidence of the people in their ruler," claiming that "those who are skillful to fight should suffer the highest punishment" (The Works of Mencius, Li Lou, Part I). These Confucian views were highly a se in c aracter. The reason was that ever since the emergence of classes the dictatorship of any class was always upheld by means of violence. As pointed out by Sang clung-yang, even the "ancient kings" who, according to the Confucians, would only say the proper worts and take effective actions, "achieved success by means of wai' and "fulfilled filial piety by punishing the guilty." For all their advocacy of "love and justice," the Confucians never practiced kindness and justice in dealing with the slaves and laboring people, and they urged use of vie.A?~nce to suppress the slaves and laboring people. "Dispense with food and military equipment" and influence the enemy with morality--this was nothing but deceptive talk to fool people, which could never be translated into reality. At the "Salt and Iron Conference," Sang Hung-yang, who inherited the Chin Legalist conception of war, condemned the despicable intention the men of virtue and men of letters had in "asking for clemency on behalf of the people." Comparing the "body" to the "heart," Sang I-fung-yang illustrated the relationship between the "frontiers" and the "inland state", and said: "If one's skin is exposed to cold, it will affect the internal organs." He expounded the theory that "without the frontiers the inland state will suffer`', and affirmed the policy of "mobilizing troops to drive away the Northern barbarian trip-s; keep the brigands away and eliminating the disaster" and the r.ght- eousness of waging a national self-defence war against the invL:Sions of the Hun slave-owners. Sang Hung-yang pointed out: While Emperor Wu of Han paid a certain price in waging the war of resistance, the people inside and outside the Great Wall were saved from the rapacious acts :Df the thin slave-owning nobles and conditions of peace were brought about- -"herds were scattered far and wide and wealth was spread over the fields"--which was fundamentally in the interests of the people and .,as what the people wanted. Consequently, his "achievements -ere outstan' ag and known in the whole country." Flaunting the wornout Lanner of "asking for clemency on behalf of the people," men of virtue and letters advocated "practicing virtue and giving favor" to the Hun slave- CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 4 owners. This virtually meant abandoning the life and propriety of the people and inviting the Hun slave-owning nobles to exploit and suppress the laboring people of Western Han. Their so-called "virtue" anti "favor" were the greatest cruelty so far as the people were concerned. Lenin pointed out: History often knows of wars which, while like all wars inevitably bringing with them various calamities, atrocities, disasters and sufferings, were progressive wars. In other words, they benefited the development of mankind and helped to destroy the particu- larly harmful and reactionary institutions......" (Selected Works of Lenin, Vol. II, p. 668) Wars will invariably cause destruction and loss andcost a certain price. Nevertheless, if righteous war is not used to eliminate unrighteous war, there will be brought about permanent and greater destruction and loss. For this reason, we Marxists always make a class analysis of wars and persist in using righteous, revolu- tionary war to oppose unrighteous and anti-revolutionary war. To dvocate capitulationism under the pretext that war will cause partial destruction and loss is the greatest betrayal of the state and the people. History is a mirror. If we sum up the struggle of the Confucian and Legalist schools of Western Han over the question of invasions by the Hun slave-owners, we will discover that the ambitionist and conspirator Lin Pico inherited not only the reactionary theory of Confucius and Mencit:s but also their reactionary tactics in order tc "restrain self, return to propriety" and restore capitalism. For example, did not Lin Piao condemn the anti-revisionist struggle for "going to the extreme," vainly attempting to make us subordinate to Soviet revisionist social- imperialism? Did not he, too, pretend to show "concern" for the interests of the people and wave the banner of "asking for clemency on behalf of the people" by way of opposing our preparations against war of aggression? To ;:e sure, historical facts also prove that all renegades and national traitors did not come to a good end, and Lin Piao, who vainly attempted to betray the nation and go over to revisionism, was no exception. 'I L\rTSIN UNIT MANIFESTS CaIBAT ROLE THROUGH LIN CRITICISM Peking C1II1i11-FANG-CTIUN PAO 23 Nov 74 p 1 [Text] The theoretical study group of the second company of a certain regiment of a military unit in Tientsin conscientiously studied the works of Marx L_nd Lenin and Chairman Mao's works under the leadership of the party branch, bringing its role as the theoretical backbone into full play during the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement. Below are several aspects of their deeds of struggle. CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIAO( IP~pppAq08R000200110011-7 Studying (lard for the Sake of Struggle. Members of the theoretical study group of the second company are eager to learn and make progress. They said this: "For the sake of revolutionary struggle we would study theory willingly even if it would mean going without food and sleep and losing several pounds of weight." Take Li Wci-ping, deputy head of the study group and deputy political director, for example. Ever since he enlisted in the army in 1970, he has been studying with an open mind and for a time he was rated as a model reader. During the past year and more, he painstakingly studied 22 articles of Marxist-Leninist works to meet the Company's need to criticize Lin and Confucius. He read through Selected Works of Mao Tsetung twice and wrote notes totalling 260,000 c aracters. In May this year the company once again criticized Lin Pirko's reactionary program of following Confucius' "Restrain self, return to propriety." With a view to deepening criticism theoretically, Li Wei-p'ing organized the theoretical study group to study purposefully the Marxist-Leninist works like "Ludwig Fuerbach and the End of German Classic Philosophy," "Materialism and IJnpirio-Criticism," and "The Proletarian Revolution anc' the Renegade Kautsky" and Chairman Mao's writings. From these writings were selection 18 quotations criticizing, restoration and regression, and the reactionary program of ".restrain self, return to propriety" was ref"ted from the basic viewpoint of Marxism. Applying the theory that all things are developing and changing and that old institutions are bound to be replaced by new institutions, they illustrated "Restrain self, return to propriety" as moving against the tide of history. From the viewpoint--the productive force determines the i lat:Ions of production and the superstructure must correspond to the economic base--they pointed out that "Restrain self, return to propriety" ran counter to the development of productive force in the era concerned. Applying the doctrine of classes and class struggle, they explained that Lin Piao and Confuci..'s' demand for restoration of the old institution was determined by their reactio:_ary class nature. Thus, starting with theoretical s-cudy they raised their critical ability and increased the effect of criticism. Li Wei-p'ing and the theoretical study group of the 8th company studied the revolutionary theory in the light of realities. They manifested the revolutionary spirit of advancing in the teeth of difficulties and keeping up the attack on the strongpoint. In July this year, the Company criticized "Restrain self, return to propriety" in the "fifth round." How to deepen the criticism further? At that time the company was studying "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism." They came to realize that this brilliant writing was not only a powerful ideological weapon with which the world proletariat at the time of writing triumphed over imperialism and all kinds of opportunism but also a powerful ideological weapon with which we were triumphing over CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL imperialism and revisionism. Li Wei-?p'hig and all comrades of the study group studied hard and integrated their .,tudies with criticism of Lin Piao's "Restrain self, return to propriety." Looking back on the history of the two-line struggle during the international communist movement, they came to realize that Lenin's discourse on imperialism was applicable not only to capital imperialism but to social-imperialism as well. Soviet revisionist social-imperialism was buying up bourgeois agents and worker aristocrats here and there and pushing an out-and-out revisionist line all over the world in order to plunder other:. and dominate the world. As long as imperialism and social-imperialism exist in the world, the revisionists of our country will coordinate the reactionaries in the international arena in their activities. Lin Piao, "super-spy" did everything in his power to carry out his "Restrain self, return to propriety" program, vainly attempting to seek the patronage of Suviet revisionist social-imperialism. Through this analysis and criticism, they identified further the ultra- Right essence of Lin Piao's revisionist line. Thus, each time the Company criticized "Restrain self, return to propriety", new progress was made and new knowledge was gained. Comrades said this: "Our Company's theoretical study group is ahead of others in study and reading and is charging ahead in criticizing Lin and Confucius."' The Vanguard Is Leading the Way and Taking the Lead in Battle. Since the beginning of this year, the theoretical study group of Company No. 8 has written more than 100 articles criticizing Lin and Confucius and lecture notes totalling 220,000 characters on the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle. During mass criticism the study group played their role as the vanguard in solving problems and removing obstacles. In mid-June, four members of the theoretical study group heard a report delivered by the workers of the Tientsin station on the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle. On return to their Company they heroically marched to the position of history as a science, manifesting their revolutionary spirit of advancing in the teeth of difficulties. As they lacked data, they borrowed data from neighboring schools and the Nank'ai University. As they did not understand ancient written la,iguage, they sought instruction from the workers, teachers and students. In the process of studying the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle they keep deepening their comprehension of Chairman Mao's teaching-- "Use the past to serve the present". On the basis of writing the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle, they put forward the focal points and basic experience of the 2,000-year history of Confucian-Legalist struggle as regards political line, ideological line, organizational line and economic line. They wrote four special articles, centering on such CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL questions as restoration versus counter-restoration, "Mandate of Heaven" versus materialism, restriction versus liberation of productive forces and linking up with the current criticism of Lin Piao?s counter- revolutionary revisionist line. Further, on the basis of criticizing Lin Piao's revisionist political line, the theoretical study group criticized Lin Piao's bourgeois military line. They came to realize that Lin Piao's revisionist line found its expressions in each sphere, military affairs being an important aspect. In August this year, the Company criticized Lin Piao's crime of disrupting the Liaohsi-Shenyang Campaign. Chia Hsing-lin, member of the theoretical study group studied over and over again many important instructions issued by Chairman Mao during the campaign. Bearing in mind the many crimes committed by Lin Piao in continuing to oppose Chairman Mao's army-building line since the founding of new China, he drew the conclusion that Lin Piao's opposition to Chairman Mao's wise policy during the Liaohsi-Shenyang Campaign was not a fortuitous thing but the result of consistently upholding his Right opportunist stand. On the basis, comrades of the theoretical study group compared Confucians' absurd military theories with Lin Piao's crime of undermining our army- building, and conducted criticism. Analyzing "Direct military affairs according to the rules of propriety," they criticized Lin Piao's crime of opposing correct line education for the military units. Analyzing "dispense with the military equipment and part with the food," they criticized Lin Piao's crime of disrupting military training in his attempt to do away with people's armed force. Analyzing "those relying on virtue prosper while those relying on strength perish," they criticized Lin Piao's crime of obliterating the character of war and opposing revolu- tionary violence. Analyzing "small states should treat the big state as the preceptor," they criticized Lin Piao's national betrayal and capitulationism. Analyzing "the people may be made to follow a path of action but they may not be made to understand it," they criticized Lin Piao's crime of falsifying the history of our army and carrying out an obscurantist policy. In this way, they could clearly see the inherent connection between Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and the reactionary Confucian-Mencian doctrine and find out its ideological root, thereby giving an impetus to the ever-deepening development of the Company's revo- lutionary mass criticism. Offering Guidance Tirelessly. The Party branch gave the theoretical study group the assignment of running a political evening school. They took up this burden and conscientiously prepared lessons and gave lectures. Since the beginning of this year, they have given all cadre fighters of the company 17 guiding lessons, which were well received. "Never let a single comrade-in-arm drop out in fighting"--su;:h was an action slogan of the theoretical study group of the 8th company. They came to realize that criticism of Lin and Confucius was a political struggle and ideological struggle of Marxism against revisionism and that in this struggle, to have one more combatant was to have more CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius strength. Some fighters, whose cul- tural level was low, ran into difficulties while studying and conducting criticism. The theoretical study group took up the teaching assign- ment (teaching culture and politics) and wp.rmly helped them, presenting them witi books and notebooks. Hsia Hsin-te, member of the theoretical study group, guided comrades, whose cultural level was low, to study the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle. To help them understand the viewpoint that the masses of the people are the motive force in the making of history, he told them the story of Ch'en Sheng and Wu Kuang who led the peasant uprising and gave an impetus to progress of history. To help them study the theory of proletarian dictatorship, he gave them a popular account of the experience and lessons of failure of the Paris Commune. Fighter Liu Chun-fu whose cultural level was low encountered difficulties in studying and conducting ciriticism. Each time Hsia Eisin-te offered him guidance in study, the fighter would tell him: "I am too dull to learn culture." Hsia Hsin-te would patiently explain to hhn the viewpoint that practice is primary, and encouraged him, citing an inst1'nce where Li Chi-t'ien, an illiterate fighter of Tung nationality studied hard, joined the theoretical study group and gave guiding lessons to the whole company. This increased Liu Chun-fu's courage and confidence. With Hsia Esin-te's patient help, Liu Chum-fu was able to write letters to his family and a niunber of critical articles in half a year after enlisting in the army. In the 8th company, it was passed from mouth to mouth the story about fighter Li Ch'i-tong of T'ung nationality who revised his critical manuscripts five times. Li Ch'i-tung whose cultural level was not high made great efforts before writing a few unconnected sentences criticizing Lin Piao's "theory of genius." Chang Yung joined him in studying Chairman Mao's "On Practice" and offered him concrete guidance. Li. Ch'i-tung then wrote his second manuscript. Chang Yung found that the manuscript did not touch the reactionary essence of Lin Piao's "theory of genius." Thereupon, together with him Chang Yung studied Marx and Engels' discourses on the "theory of genius." It was brought home to Li Chu'i-rung that the "theory of genius" advertised by the reactionary class "means in one word worshipping genius." "The ultimate answer is: the noble, th,? virtuous and the wise should rule." (Collected Works of Marx and gels, Vol. VII, p 307) The fourth manuscript was written, and Chang felt that the point was well presented. He then guided Li Chili-tung to include in the manuscript instances where he had mastered military technique and rice transplanting technique through repeated practice. With these instances added the new writing bE;,:ame more penetrating and life-like than his previous manuscripts. This was the way comrades of the theoretical study group painstakingly helped their comrades-in-arm study and conduct criticism. With their help all the eleven fighters with low cultural !pvel graduated from the "study class" and were able to read books and newspapers and write articles. Some of them subsequently became members of the Company's theoretical study group. Approved For Release 1999/0~f9~rl~rA- 86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : C P8tlT d608R000200110011-7 9 The theoretical study group of the 8th company way good at developing their guiding work in multiple forms. Chang Shu-ch'uan, member of the ? theoretical study group gave play to his ability to sing the West River Drum Song; he presented a program to '-ear off Confucius' mask and criticize "Teachings of Love and Justice." Some member of the study group, who took charge of the blackboard bulletins, introduced history of Confucian-Legalist struggle and other data on knowledge of history. Some made small loudspeakers and during leisure hours broadcast important articles from the central papers and journal and the ideological comments written by fighters. These diversified guiding activities were carried out to coordinate with the criticize-Lin, criticize- Confucius movement from various sides. Cultural Study Combined with Military Training. Comrades of the theoretical study group of the 8th company not only studied culture but also received military training. This year, the 19 members of the study group have taken part in the second, third and fourth target practice, and more than 60 percent of them were rated fine marksmen. All of them had fine and good records of bayonet-fighting, tactical exercise and horizontal bar exercise, and their average distance of handgrenade-throwing was more than 46 meters. The masses called them "all-round" fighters. For a time, some comrades of the theoretical study group courageously took the lead in reading and criticizing but lagged behind others in military training. Commenting on this, the masses said that one of literary ability but incapable of military work was like one lacking one leg. Accepting this criticism, comrades of the theoretical study group conscientiously studied "Imperialism, the Highest State of Capitalism," armed their minds with the view that imperialism is the root-cause of war. They came to realize the need to fight a literary battle everyday and to get ever prepared for armed struggle. They channeled their revolutionary spirit aroused from study and criticism into intensified training of ability to destroy the enemy. Despite that they spent much time reading, finding data, writing articles and giving guidance in study and often worked till mid-night, they never slackened training. They tried to make up the time for training and raise the quality of training. Cheg Shu-yuan, member of the study group and deputy leader of the artillery squad mastered the aiming technique that was his duty and, on this basis, resolved to acquire more fighting skills to meet the need of counter-aggression war to come. He seized every opportunity to practice command and loading, After a period of painstaking training he soon mastered all-round technique of artillery. Later, he set a still higher standard for himself: learning not only the technique of artillery but the technique of infan ry as well. As a result of hard training, he mastered the sub-machinegun firing technique. He had a good record at target practice and threw handgrenades over a distance of more than 50 meters. His bayonet-fighting technique was also good. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Of the fear military training pace-setter3 in shooting, bayonet-fighting, handgrenade-throwing and military physical culture set up by the Party branch for the 8th company this year, three were members of the theoretical study group. No matter how heavy their assignments were, members of the theoretical study group never demanded special consideration. During the regular class hours they studied, drilled or worked together with others. During after-class hours, they studied the works of Marx and Lenin and Chairman Mao's works, studied history, wrote critical articles. At night they took up sentry duties by turn as usual. Sometimes when their study hour lasted a little longer, other comrades would quietly carry on sentry duty for them or hand it over to the next shift. On the following day, members of the study group would always try to make up the sentry duty. They said: 111e will learn from Tientsin station workers and fisiaohsinchuang poor and lower-middle peasants, and see that both study and production are carried on without interruption." Such moving instances are too numerous ;,o mention. Comrades praised them in these tens: "Comrades of our Company's theoretical study group are vanguards of study and criticism as well as model men of action." EDITORIAL CALLS FOR MILITIA IMPROVEMENT Canton MIN-PING SF NG-INO 15 Nov 74 pp 2-3 [Editorial: "Use Criticism of Lin Piao and Confucius as Motive Force to Improve Militia Organizations"] ['Text] This year's work of improving the militia will soon be unfolded in various localities under the momentum of the criticize-Lin, criticize- Confucius movement. Armed departments at v2rious levels must use the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement as a motive force to carry out this work seriously. Chairman Mao instructs us: 'As regards the militia, the most important task is organization, then politics and then military affairs' and 'First of all, it is a matter of having or not having, then it is politics'. Our annual militia improvement work is an effective measure guaranteeing the implementation of militia organization. The militia is a tool of proletarian dictatorship for the prevention of restoration and resistance to aggression. Therefore, improvement is of great significance to the strengthening of militia building and the consolidation of the dictatorship t of the proletariat. We must perservere in taking the line as the key link; vigorously criticize the crimes of Lin Piao and his sworn followers of opposing the organization of militia on a large scale, opposing the militia's participation in social class struggle and attempting to turn the militia into their tool for the restoration of capitalism that were aimed at CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 11 umdccmdning militia building; elevate our understanding of the significance of the work of improving the militia from the plane of the ? two-line struggle; do a good job in this task; promote the 'three implementations' of militia work; enable the militia to 'come when it is called, fight when it comes and win when it fights'; and make it ? ready to annihilate invading enemies at any moment. 'The line is the key link; once it is grasped, everything falls into pla,-e.' All units must consider the process of reorganization as a process of line education for the militia. We must organize the broad masses of militiamen to seriously study Marxist-Leninist essays on the arming of all the people, study Chairman Mao's thoughts on people's war and lii: instructions on the 'three implementations' of militia work, use Chairman Mao's military thought and military line as weapon to penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and condemn his crime of undermining militia t~iilding, so as to enable the broad masses of militiamen to understand more clearly the significance of stepping up militia building under the dictatorship of the proletariat, raise their awareness of organizing militia on a large scale and organizing militia well and urge t;ie people to join the militia enthusiastically and serve as good militiamen. All units must also organize the militiamen in coordination with the year-end summing up to seriously sum up experiences and lessons acquired by the unit in the struggle between the two lines in militia building, to sum up militia work during the year, and particularly to sum up and popularize the experience of advanc;.d units that have thoroughly carried out Chairman Mao's instructions on the 'three implemenations' of militia ':ork or have played the role of assault in class struggle or in movements to 'learn from Tach'ing in industrial production' and 'learn from Tachai in agricultural production' so as to set example , better enhance their achievements, reform and build up the militia according to Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line. The principal emphasis of this re-organization is on the reorganization of the combat backbone of the militia. During peacetime this combat backbone of the militia is the backbone force for maintaining security in society, consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, defending important targets and carrying out contingent tasks. During wartime, this combat backbone of the militia becomes the backbone for fighting the enemy and mobilization. Armed departments at various levels must realistically grasp the work of improving the combat backbone of the militia well on the basis of extensively improving militia organizations, mobilizing the masses to do a good job in ideological and political education, summing up work, transferring men, selecting cadres and perfecting systems etc. We must first of all carry out well the plans for organizing (expanding) the various organizations of the combat backbone of the militia on the basis of the existing combat backbone according to instructions from the upper level and the conditions of armament in the unit. We must take CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 12 the overall situation into consideration, make reasonable arrangements and carry out improvement according to the plans. In cities, which are political, economic and cultural centers where the working class concentrate, we must seriously learn from Shanghai's fresh experience in militia work, extensively improve militia organ- izations and build up a militia with industrial workers as the principal component. In coastal and border areas we must pay attention to improving the fishermen's militia and border militia to prepare ourselves to struggle against the enemy. People's armed departments at various levels must strengthen their leadership over the work of improving the militia in close coordination with local central tasks ui;der the centralized leadership of the local Party committees. The PEOPLE'S DAILY, RED FLAG, and CHIEH-FANG-CIIUN PAO pointed out in their National Day editorial: 'We must learn to handle all problems from the dialectical approach of one dividing into two and earnestly carry out the proletarian policies laid down by ,hairman Mao, strictl; distinguish between the t!"?.) different types of contradictions and handle them correctly, unite over 95 percent of the cadres and masses.' We must seriously implement this spirit in improving the militia and grasp these links well in the course of work: We must penetrate deeply into actualities, conduct investigation and study to understand the problems existing in militia organizations, acquire experience at experimental points and devise ways to solve the problems. We must step up inspection and guidance as well as promptly sum up and exchange experience. We must organize the forces and use various ways to inspect the work to insure the quality of re-organization. At present the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius is developing for and extensively, penetratingly and persistently. The great revolutionary unity of the whole party, the whole army and people of the whole country is being incessantly strengthened. The situation is excellent. We must grasp this excellent opportunity and do a good job in improving the militia under the leadership of local Party committees at various levels by relying upon the broad masses of cadres of professional armed units and militia cadres and by relying upon the board masses of militiamen and people, and make a contribution to the develop- ment of the excellent situation and to the stepping up of preparation against war. LIN PIAO CRI'T'ICIZED FOR OPPOSING MILITIA BUILDING Canton ,MIN-FING SITL?NG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 11-1.4 [Excerpts] Standing on the side of the reactionary landlords and the bourgeoisie, Lin Piao, a bourgeois careerist, conspirator, courter- revolutionary double-dealer, renegade and traitor, stubbornly pushed forward his bourgeois military line and spared no efforts to oppose Chairman Mao's thought of people's war, oppose the militia system, .Approved For Release 199916?~y6~D'-c'iRI`DP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26(:, $ TOO6O8ROOO2OO11OO11-7 oppose the stepping up of militia building in the course of class struggle, attempted to alter the character and tasks of the militia and turn the militia into a tool for him to restore capitalism. We must thoroughly condemn Lin Piao's crime of opposing the militia's participation in social class struggle and undermining militia building. Lin Pi.ao's Opposition to the Militia's Participation in Social Class Struggle Is for iJndcrming the dictatorship of the Proletariat:- In 1960 when the imperialists, revisionist and reactionaries abroad joined forces to frenziedly oppose China and a small handful of class ,anemies at home were also waiting for a r'-.ance to act, Lin Piao even openly clamored that 'central tasks' fo.? the militia at present were to engage in production 'with all its might'. In the meantime, Lin P_ao and his sworn followers also wantonly attached participation in social class struggle by the militia, saying absurdly that this was creating 'many centers of dictatorship' and 'with ulterior motives'. It was extremely fanatic of them to openly undermine the dictatorship of the proletariat." The militia is an important component part of the armed strength of our country and a tool for the dictatorship of the proletariat. Organ- ization of the militia under the centralized leadership of local Party connnittees to take part in social class struggle, including class struggle in the spheres of ideology, politics, ecoiv my and culture, is an important way for practicing dictatorship of t~_e masses as well as an important measure for preventing the restoration of capitalism. The broad masses of militiamen are workers, poor and lower-middle peasants and laboring people who have a firm standpoint and clear-cut likes and dislikes. 't'hey are well organized anC spread out in various localities and different trades. They are familiar with local social conditions as well as with the activities of the class enemy. The militia's participation in social class struggle can help to strike at the sabotage activities of the class enemy effectively and to carry out the task of consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat at the basic level. During the 20-odd years since the founding of the repL5lic, the broad masses of militiamen played an important role in supervising elements of the five categories, maintaining security in society, guarding factories, mines, bridges, railroads and warehouses and protecting industrial and agricultural production. Beginning from last year, various localities learned from Shanghai's fresh experience in militia work and positively organized the militia and sent it deep into the neighborhoods of the society to grasp class struggle energetically. They pr)..erful.ly struck at the sabotage activities of the class enemy, maintaineu revolutionary order in cities and made contributions to the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86TOO608ROO0200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 14 Lin Piao and his sworn followers stipulated production to be the 'central task' of the militia and maliciously condemned the militia's parti- pation in social class struggle as practicing 'nwany centers of dictator- ship' and 'with ulterior motives'. On the surface they seemed to be very interested in production. But in reality they only attempted to slacken the fighting spirit of the militia, take away their revolution- ary vigilance and lead them onto the erroneous road where they become absorbed only in production without paying any attention to important matters of state." Lin Piao's Opposition to the Militia's Participation in Social Class Struggle Is for Undermining Preparations against Wars of Aggression:- In 1970 when militiamen in our country were responding to Chairman Mao's great call 'Be prepared against war, be prepared against natural disasters and Jo everything for the people', postively taking part in social class struggle and making further preparations against aggression by imperialism, especially Soviet revisionist social imperialism, Lin Piao and his sworn followers frenziedly clamored that the militia was 'outdated' and 'useless'. They said absurc:i;,: 'what is the use of having so many militia organizations?' and threatened to 're-appraise, re-experiment and re-practice' militia work. Thus they not only negated the strategic position of the militia, but also fundamentally negated the necessity for the militia to take part in social class struggle and make preparations against wars of aggression." In the self-defensive counter-attack on the lisisia Islands in January this year, militiamen on fisisha closely coordinated and united themselves with the combat units. They fought together heroically, smashed the armed attacks of the Saigon authorities in South Vietnam, upheld the dignity of the fatherland and defended our sacred territories." Lin Piao and his sworn followers' opposition to the militia's participation in social class struggle and their undermining of the preparations against wars of aggression were inseparable from their capitulation to Soviet revisionist social imperialism and their wicked anti-Connnunist and counter- revolutionary plots." At the very moment when Soviet revisionist social imperialism was threatening to invade us, Lin Piao and his sworn followers condemned the militia by saying 'what is the use of having so many militia organizations?', threatened to 're-appraise, re-experiement and re- practice'mil.itia work, and tried all they could to negate the position and role of the militia. Their wicked aim was to disarm our people in the face of Soviet revisionist social imperialism aggression and turn our country into a colony of the Soviet revisionists. This proves that Lin Piao and his sworn followers were out and out renegades and traitors. Approved For Release 1999/6 . b D1386T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 15 Lin Piao's Opposition to the Militia's Participation in Social Class Struggle Is for Fundamentally Undermining Militia Building:- To prevent the militia from taking part in social class struggle, Lin Piau tried all he could to peddle among the militiamen his black trash of 'four-goods.' He said absurdly: 'In our work we must proceed from four-goods.' His sworn followers also clamored: 'We must practice four-goods amang the militiamen'. Here they vainly attempted to use 'four-goods as the key link' to replace the basic line of the Party as the key link and oppose militia reform and militia building along Chairman Mao's revolutionary line." Lin Piao opposed the militia's participation in social class struggle; because he wanted to turn the militia into a tool for his subversion of the dictatorship of the proletariat and his restoration of capitalism. We must bear firmly in mind the basic line of the Party, seriously imple- ment Chairman Mao's thought on people's war and his instructions 'organize contingents of the people's militia on a large scale,' extensively, penetratingly and persistently develop the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, seriously learn from Shanghai's experience in militia work, do a giod job in militia building and make still greater contributions to the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat!" Lin Piao, Followers Repudiated Canton MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 15-16 [Excerpts] In August l9/0 Lin Piao instructed his sworn followers to peddle his reactionary fallacy of 're-appraising, re-experimenting and re-practicing' militia work in an attempt to categorically negate Chairman Mao's theory, line, guideline and policy of organizing contingents of the people's militia on a large scale and conducting people's war. This is another grave crime of the Lin Piao anti-Party cliq.ie designed to carry out its wicked plot of subverting the dictatorship of the proletariat and restoring capitalism, which we mu!-;t penetratingly expose and condemn." I.;n Piao and his sworn followers frenzi,-dly clamored about 're-appraising, re-experimenting and re-practicing' militia work because they wanted to eliminate the militia system of our country, change the character of the militia of our country, seize the gun barrel which Chairman Mao handed over to us laboring people, rearm the landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, had elements, rightists and all freaks and demons already over-thro'vn by us, coordinate with Soviet revisionist social imperialism to restore capitalism in China and make us laboring people suffer again." As long ago as during the Second Revolutionary Civil War Period, Lin Piao tried all he could to oppose Chairman Mao's instructions to arm the workers and peasants, refused to send the Red Army to propagandize, organize the arm the masses, lost faith in the future of the revolution CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 16 and was doubtful about 'how long the red flag cculd last'. During the Period of the War of Resistance Against Japan when Chairman Mao issued a call to 'arm the people and develop guerrilla warfare against Japan', Lin Piao frenziedly advocated 'concentrating several dozen aircraft and several hundred cannon to fight so-called 'regular' warfare. At that time he was unwilling to assign troops to mobilize and arm the masses. In :,hort, as long as there is a large militia armed with Mao Tsetung 'fhou.;jht, it will be totally impossible for Lin Piao and company to subv::rt the dictatorship of the proletariat, restore capitalism or establish a fascist dynasty of the Lin family. Therefore, they frenziedly tried to discredit the role of the militia in our country, abolish the militia system and disband our militia organizations so that they could smoothly restore capitalism. But this can only be Lin Piao and company's wishful day-dreaming." Canton MIN-PING SI-LNG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 16-18 [Exc;rpts] "Lin Piao did all he could to attack the militia as 'useless' and 'more harmful than 'iseful', frenziedly clamored for abolishing the militia system. This is by no means accidental. It is a massive exposure of Lin Piao's ambitious attempt to subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and restore capitalism. This bad egg Lin Piao knew that if the broad masses of laboring people who were oppressed and exploited in the pr.st got hold of the gun barrel, he would never be ,.tble to 'liberate' the landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements and rightists; that with a strcng armed militia fighting side by side with the PLA to defend our red territories, he would never be able to make use of the 'nuclear umbrella' of the Soviet revisionists to invite social imperialism into our country; and that with large militia units distributed throughout the cities and rural areas in the country to carry out patrolling missions and spread out as wide net, there would be nothing that his large and small 'fleets' and the freaks and demons could do. During the Period of War of Liberation, Lin Piao even more strongly opposed Chairman Mao's instructions on building strong bases in the Northeast, vainly attempted to occupy big cities at the very beginning and was totally unwilling to go to the country-side to mobilize and arm the masses. Furthermore, he even ordered a large-scale absorption and rearming of traitors, secret agents, landlords' armed units and puppet Manchuriar, police of the Japanese-puppet period. As a result, as soon as the Kuomintang launched the attack, these reactionaries trans- formed themselves overnight into Kuomintang 'vanguards', 'advanced units' and 'mountain eagles,' constituting a grave menace to the development of the people's armed strength and to the building .f bases." CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIRDP86T00608R000200110011-7 17 Practice of revolutionary struggle taught us: As regards Chaii.nan Mao's series of theories, lines, guidelines and policies on organizing militia on a large scale, instead of 're-appraising' we should study incessantly to deepen our unders'.anding, instead of 're-experimenting' we should resolutely implement tii%;-' instead of 're-practicing' we should resolutely implement them instead of 're-practicing' we should Truly carry them out through serious practice. Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 18-19 [Excerpts] Erh-t'ang is the site of the government of Lin-kuei county, Kwangsi Autonomous Region, located near Kweilin. Since our place is along the Hunan-Kwangsi Railroad with numerous travellers passing through, the situation is complicated and the class enemy's activities relatively rampant. In June after learning from the fresh experience of the militia in Shanghai, we formed a militia sub-detachment in Erh-t'ang. Without staying away from production and without letting their study be affected, militiamen of the sub-detachment took turns to post sentry and carry out patrol missions to maintain security in society and defend office buildings, fact( _ies, mines, warehouses, bridges and railroads in Erh- t' ang . In the meantime, we also actively took part in the criticism of Lin Piao and Confucius in the factories, min's and neighborhoods, took the initiative to criticize the bourgeois.:e, criticize revisionism, criticize ideologies of all the exploiting classes and educate the children and young people. Since the masses were penetratingly mobilized, within only a few months' time we aroke many cases of theft, railroad sabotage, investigated and captured a group of counter-revolutionary elements that sabotages socialist revolution and socialist construction and a group of bad elements who were creating disturbances in society, safeguarded the lives and properties of the state and people, smashed the sabotage activities of the class enemy, and played an active role in maintaining security in society and reducing the number of criminal offenses and traffic accidents in Erh-t'ang. This demonstrated the usefulness of the militia's participation in social class struggle. Assists PLA in Patrol Duties Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 p 24 [Excerpts] One f;vening on Nan-ao Island [off the coast near Swatow] when an extraordinary high tide was about to come, a commune there mobilized its militia units, including a women's artillery company of a production brigade, to help a nearby military unit to evacuate ammunition stored in a tunnel near the sea. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 18 Since the topogr.y of the port is complicated, PLA and ;nt'litia patrol groups jointly set up liaison signals and patrol regulations. At night wind is strong, waves are big and the paths are &iZicult to walk, so the militiamen and PLA fighters patrol the port and beaches together vigilantly. "One early morning, when militia platoon leader Tsai Chang-kuang was leading his men to patrol the port north of the village, they discovered a wooden vessel at anochor near the beach. Immediately they hid themselves nearby to make observation. They discovered that the people on board did not look like fishermen and were acting suspiciously, so they stepped up their surveillance. Soon they saw a man carrying something on board f"om the beach and the people in the vessel also stealthily helped him. As they did not look 1-'..e honest people, the militiamen immediately went to question them. It was discovered that they were attempting to escape. So the militiamen arrested them then and there and sent them to the public security department. LIN PIAO, FOLLOWERS CRITICIZED FOR RESTORATION PLOTS Canton MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 10-12 [Article: "Grasp Key Problems, Thoroughly Criticize and Expose Lin Piao" by correspondence team of Hunan Provincial Post and Telecom- munications Bureau] [Tex.] In the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, the Party committee of the Chang-sha TeIecommusi`.rations Bureau, Hunan Province, and its militia battalion guided the militiamen in the criticism of the reactionary program of "restrain self, return to propriety" of Lin Piao and Confucius by linking the criticism closely with the actualities of the class struggle and two-line struggle in the province and this department. This enabled the broad masses of militiamen to understand more clearly the ultra-Right essence of Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line and raised their awareness in class struggle, line struggle and in continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. The following is a description of how they carried out. their criticism: 1. Exposing the Crimes of the Lin Piao Anti-Party Clique's Conspirators Who Took Part in Lin Piao's Armed Counter-Revolutionary Coup d'etat and Understanding More Clearly the Ultra-Right Essence Of Lin Piao's Counter-Revolutionary Revisionist Line of "Restrain Self, Return to Propriety." Under the leadership of the Party committee of the bureau and the militia battalion, militiamen of the Chang-sha Telecommunications Bureau thoroughly exposed the crimes committed by the Lin Piao anti-Party clique and its conspirators in this telecommunications department, so as to deepen the criticize-Lin, Approved For Release I 999 &~ bi L6Ik-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CI,-F.Aq~08R000200110011-7 19 criticize-Confucius movement. On 10 September 1971, three days before the "September 13" Incident, conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique commandeered a long-distance line for as long as five days under the pretext that it was needed for a "reading class" for leading cadres. During those five days, conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique forcibly enforced as many as eight inspections and testings of the line by militiamen. During the day before and the day after the "September 13" Incident alone, six inspections were made lest the line should break down. On `)e basis of these indisputable facts, the Party committee of the telecommunications bureau and the militia battalion led the militiamen to analyze the above crimes of the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique by linking them with the entire counter-revolutionary criminal plot of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique. This enabled everybody to see clearly that the criminal activities of the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique in this telecommunications department were a component part of Lin Piao's plan for an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat-- the "Outline of Project '571'." Commandeering the special line for a reading class was only a pretext, their real criminal objective was to coordinate with Lin Piao's armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat--attempting to use the special telephone line to receive Lin Piao's black order promptly so that he could flee to Canton, set up another "Center" and exercise feudalist sovereign powers in Kwangtung. On the basis of these facts, the Party committee of the Ch'ang-sha Telecommunications Bureau and the militia battalion further organized the broad masses of militiamen to use the method of reviewing, comparing and discussing histories of emancipation and growth to grasp the crimes of the conspirators of t1-,,,e Lin Piao anti-Party clique of commandeering the special line and actively participating in Lin Piao's armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat and to vigorously criticize Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line of "restrain self, return to propriety." The militiamen said that great leader Chairman Mao is the great savior of the broad masses o' laboring people. Only socialism can save China. The basic line of the Party for the historical period of socialism is the lifeline of the revolutionary people. The dictatorship of the proletariat is the magic weapon of the revolutionary people. It is extremely vicious and reactionary of Lin Piao and company to follow Confucius' "restrain self, return to propriety," to stage an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, to insanely attempt to murder great leader Chai,-man Mao, to alter the basic line of the Party, to subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and to restore capitalism. Should the plots of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique be allowed to succeed, our Marxist-Leninist party would become a revisionist party and a fascist party, our socialist country would change color and become a colony of Soviet revisionist social-imperialism. The dictatorship of the proletariat would become a dictatorship of tihl landlord-bourgeoisie. The landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolution- aries, bad elements and rightists would come back and the laboring people would have to return to the abyss of sufferi,tg of the old society. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 20 Militiaman Hsu Chin-sheng painfully recalled his own family history and said indignantly: "How the thought of the old society arouses my extreme hatred! At that time, my father worked for a capitalist and ry mother was a servant in a capitalist family, working and being oppressed like beasts, while our entire family was struggling on the verge of death. In 1932 alone, my fifth and sixth elder brothers and my fourth elder sister died of excessive suffering. In 1937 my third elder sister also left this world because she did not have money to cure her illness. At the age of 14, I served as an apprentice in a dye-works. In winter the skin of my feet was frozen to the point of cracking; although blood was oozing from the wounds, I still had to go down to the dye tank. My suffering was unbearable and hatred unrequited. Thanks to the Communist Party and Chairman Mao, together with all the laboring people in the country, I was emancipated after the liberation. We became masters of our own fate and have since been leading a happy life. But conspirators of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique extended their black hands into our telecommunications department, commandeered our special line, participated in Lin Piao's armed cou,`*er- revolutionary coup d'etat, attempted to restore capitalism and turn the wheel of history backward. But we militiamen will never permit such things to happen! At present, we must seriously study the history of the struggle between the Confucians and Legalists, thoroughly expose and condemn the counter-revolutionary crimes of the Lin Piao anti- Party clique and its conspirators, thoroughly criticize Lin Piao's reactionary program of "restrain self, return to propriety," defend the lictatorshi.p of the proletariat with combat and preserve the color of our red fatherland forever!" 2. Combining the Criticism of the Crimes of the Lin Piao Anti- Pkirty Clique and Its Conspirators with the Criticism of the Class Enemy's L-abotage Activities in the Telecommunications Department so as to Raise Everybody's Awareness in Implementing the Party's basic line. During the militiamen's exposure and criticism of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique conspirators' extending of their black hands into this teleconunu-iications department, their commandeering of a special line and their participation in Lin Piao's armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, they criticized the Lin Piao anti-Party clique's counter- revolutionary plots in the "Outline of Project 15711" to occupy telecommunications oureaus and control the tools of teleconuiiunication as well as condemned the criminal act of one of the counter-revolutionary elements in this unit who attempted to sabotage teleconmrunications work. Exposure and criticism enabled everybody to see even more clearly that telecommunication is one of the important tools for class struggle. In China the proletariat wants to make telecummunication serve the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat, whereas the bourgeoisie, all exploiting classes and their representatives always try to sabotage the tools of telecommunication or use it to serve their aim of counter-revolutionary restoration. CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7, Approved For Release 1999/09/26 GII'IAPRDPW00608R000200110011-7 21 An Wen-ko. a militia platoon leader, and T'an Shac-te, a militiaman, said: "The Lin Piao anti-Party clique has collapsed, but the class it represented is still here. The reactionary class sill never be willing to accept its fate of destruction, it is bound to struggle for its life. We telecommunications militiamen must maintain our ? revolutionary vigilance, bear firmly in mind the basic line of the Party, never forget class struggle and make telecommunications serve proletarian politics." All militiamen in the bureau indicated that they will persevere in grasping revolution and promoting production under the guidance of the basic line of the Party, conscientiously perform their jobs well, strive to elevate the quality of communication, stand sentinel well for the sake of defending Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and of consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, and thoroughly smash the criminal plots of all class enemies to bring about restoration and regression! Consolidating Proletarian Dictatorship Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 12-13 [Article by the Headquarters of Fo-shan Military Subdistrict] [Text] In the penetrating development of the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, the training class for cadres of specialized armed units and commanders of militia battalions in Nanhai County, Kwangtung Province, used the basic line of the Party as guidance to penetratingly expose the Lin Piao anti-Party clique's crime of attempting to use the militia is a "borrowed force" to set up another "Center" and exercise feudalist sovereign powers, by closely linking their exposure with the actualities in class struggle and line struggle. This greatly raised the awareness or organizing the militia on a large scale for the sake of consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat. During the training, all cadres of specialized armed units and militia cadres indignantly cited may factual cases to expose and condemn the Lin Piao ar,-.i-Party clique's towering crimes of attempting to turn the militia into a "borrowed force" to be used for their counter- revolutionary restoration. The commander of the militia battalion of Hengkang Production Brigade said indignantly: "The Lin Piao anti-Party clique and its conspirators not only shamelessly flattered renegade- traitor Lin Piao but also flattered the fascist son of Lin Piao in a big way. They tried to sell the so-called "Discussion and Application Report" of the fascist son of Lin Piao and fcrced the cadres and militia- men to study it. They shamelessly called the fascist son of Lin Piao "the genius of the entire Army" and "the most ideal successor." They also posted reactionary slogans urging everybody to "learn from" and "salute" the fascist son of Lin Piao so as to create counter-revolution- ary public opinion and pave the way for Lin Piao to flee southward to Canton to set up another "Center" in Kwangtung and establish a feudalist fascist dynasty of Lin Piao and his son. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86TOO608ROO0200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 22 The cadres of specialized armed units and militia cadres pointed out that the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique not only tried to create counter-revolutionary public opinion in a big way but also used the pretext of "construction of war preparedness projects" to survey topographical features and collect intelligence everywhere in. an attempt to set up counter revolutionary black bases. One of the cadres of an armed unit of a commune said that the conspirators of the Lin I'iao anti-Party clique, under the b-inner of "construction of war preparedness projects," constructed a counter-revolutionary black base at a certain place where they forcibly took over 20 mou of arable land and several mounds as well as conscripted 26,000-odd militiamen. In the course of construction the fascist son of Lin Piao and his conspirators repeatedly sneaked in to "inspect" the site under the name of "leaders of the Center." Before the "inspection" they forcibly levelled the agricultural crops on both sides of the highway under the pretext of "security". To "speed up" and complete the construction of the black base "ahead of schedule," they forced the militiamen to work under conditions of intense heat, severe cold and adverse weather. They scolded and even beat the militiamen as they pleased and played every fascist trick under the sun. In the course of exposure and criticism, one of the cadres of an armed unit in a commune pointed out indignantly: "The fascist son of Lin Piao personally brought his conspirators along and used various mean tricks to usurp the authority of leadership of the militia and maliciously altered the plan for joint military-civilian defense. In July 1971 they used the pretext that the situation of war preparedness was urgent to alter the organization of joint-defense militia, designated new locations of assembly and new liaison signals and openly declared that they had the authority to "command the militia directly" without going through departments in charge of militia. During military exercises, they put us militia cadres aside and deprived us of our authority to command the militia." In June and July 1971, under the pretext of "social investigation," they inspected the file of a production brigade containing the names of Party members, (1'L members, cadres of production brigades and production teams, and elements of the five categories as well as examined the conditions of granaries and wells. In August they sketched the principal topographical features of another production brigade and took the sketch with them. They even sent people to the armed unit of the commune to forcibly inspect the mil"tia file. They selected a group of militiamen from two production brigades and took them away from their production posts to engage in full-time study of Lin Piao's "strategy read tactics." This group was not disbanded until after Lin Piao's self-destruction on September 13. Thus it can be seen that the aim of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique's conspirators who frenziedly attempted to seize authority to command the militia was to turn the militia into their tool of subverting the dictatorship of the proletariat and restoring capitalism. This is indeed reactionary to the extreme! Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86TOO608ROO0200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIADPgg6608R000200110011-7 23 Cadres of specialized armed units and militia cadres of the training class pointed out unanimously: The militia is an armed organization of the masses personally created, led and commanded by our great leader Chairman Mao. In past revolutionary wars, the militia fought in coordination with the people's army and made great contributions. In socialist revolution and construction, the militia developed its role as a military organization, labor organization, educational organization and athletic organization and made new contributions to the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proleta l c. However, to achieve the criminal aim of subverting the dictatorship of the proletariat and restore capitalism, the Lin Piao anti-Party clique frenziedly opposed Chairman Mao's thought on people's war, did all they could to undermine militia building and clamored about "relearning and taking a new approach to militia in an attempt to negate Chairman Mao's series of guidelines and policies to step up militia building. In the meantime, conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique also did all they could in an attempt to seize the authority to command the militia and turn it into a "borrowed force" to carry out Lin Piao's plot of fleeing southward to Canton to establish another "Center" and exercise feudalist sovereign powers. But we the broad masses of militia- men who are armed with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Tsetung Thought will never allow this to happen! We are determined to place ourselves under the leadership of the Party, "read and study seriously and have a good grasp of Marxism," actively take part in the struggle to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, thoroughly expose and vigorously condemn the counter- revolutionary crimes of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique and its conspirators, do a better job in the "three implementations" of militia work and fight heroically for the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat! Criticizing Fallacies Canton MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 14-15 [Summary] The militia battalion of huei-liang Production Brigade in Ping-kuo County, Kwangsi Autonomous Region, recently organized a special- topic criticism meeting to expose and criticize the counter-revolution- ary crimes of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique. At the meeting, the commander of the militia battalion said: "In May 1971 wizen we vigorously grasped class struggle and repelled the attack of a small handful of class enemies, conspirators of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique viciously condemned us for having 'gone overboard' against the landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries and bad elements and admonished us to be more lenient to them. They said 'struggle makes enemies but harmory makes friends' therefore we should 'remold them through fraternization."' Upon hearing the conmmander's talk, an old militiamen said: "Our experience in class struggle taught us that we must never 'remold th_m through fraternization,' the only way to remold them is by exercising proletarian dictatorship over them." Another militiamen said Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 indignantly: "Lin Piao's anti-Party clique peddled 'harmony is priceless' and 'struggle makes enemies but harmony makes friends' because it wanted us to lay down our weapons so that they could smoothly subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and restore capitalism." The militiamen indicated unanimously that they will bear the Party's basic line in mind, persevere in the Marxist philosophy of struggle, penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line, repudiate the Confucian-Mencian doctrine which Lin Piao used as a reactionary weapon for usurping the Party, seizing power and restoring capitalism, do a good job in the 'three implementations' of militia work, incessantly strengthen the dictatorship of the proletariat and thoroughly smash the criminal plots of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique and its conspirators. Creating Courterrevolution~~r/ Public Opinions Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 p 15 [Text] Militiamen of a printing press in a certain locality in Kwangtung Province exposed and condemned with extremely great proletarian indignation, the towering crimes of the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti- Party clique of instructing the printing press to reproduce the little black book "Lire Piao During the Period of War of Liberation of the Northeast" so as to create counter-revolutionary public opinion for Lip. Piao to usurp Party authority and seize powc,. In June 1971 conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique Sorg people to sneak into a printing press in a certain locality in Kwangturig Province. They advertised in a big way that the little black book "Lin Piao During the Period of War of Liberation of the Northeast" was the best book of "three loyal" and "four unlimited" and forced the printing press. to fulfill the task of pricing it at the highest speed and with the best quality. They also wanted the cover of this little black book to be "glazed and embossed with gold" so that it would look "artistic and colorful." As if they were not yet satisfied with such an arrange- ment, later they dispatched a special staff to the printing press to supervise the printing of this little black book. lCen they heard the comrades of the printing press say the task was very difficult, they repeatedly shouted: "The job must be done well no matter how difficult it is." They further ordered the rrinting press to put aside the urgent task of textbook printing and to speed up the printing of the little black book by working 24 hours a day. In the criticism, the militiamen pointed out that to create public opinion for usurping Party authority and seizing power, the Lin Pian anti-Party clique frenziedly flattered Lin Piao for a long period of time. They wantonly altered history to eulogize Lin Liao and his son. In their plan for an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat entitled: ('ON i'IiDEN'rIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : GIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 i]~1T00608R000200110011-7 "Outline of Project '5711" the Lin Piao anti-Party clique clamored about "grasping the tool of public opinion and unfolding a political offensive." And this little black book "Lin Piao During the Period of War of Liberation of the Northeast" was a black "cannon ball" for unfolding their "political offensive." Everybody pointed out incisively that conspirators of the Lin Piao anti- Party clique rushed the printing of this little black book "Lin Piao During the Period of War of Liberation of the Northeast" at the crucial moment when the Lin Piao anti-Party clique was busily preparing to "speed up" the execution of its plan for an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat "ahead of schedule," fully exposed their criminal intention to create public opinion to pave the way for Lin Piao to flee southward to Canton to establish another "Center", usurp the supreme power of the Party and the State, before the Lin Piao anti-Party clique fired the first shot in its armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat. Penetrating exposure and vigorous condemnation of the crime of the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique of reproducing the little black book to create public opinion for Lin Piao's restoration plot strengthened the concept of line st-,,-uggle of the militiamen of the printing press in a certain locality in Kwangtung Province, and raised their awareness of grasping revolution and promotion production. Now they are enthusiastically printing revolutionary books. Recently they rushed the printing of a batch of materials for criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius, thus effectively supporting the broad masses of workers, peasants and soldiers in their struggle to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius. KWANGSI RUBBER PLANT STRENGTHENS ITS MILITIA Canton MIN-PING S!-IENG-HUO 1S Nov 74 pp 4-5 [Text] The Nanning Rubber plant conducted its annual improvement of the militia under the excellent situat.:,m of extensive, penetrating and persistent forward development of thL,;-.z cent to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius. In this task they followed Chairnan Mao's instruction:; on the 'three implementations' of militia work, tooA Lne !asic line of the Party as they key link, organized the militiamen in the plant to study Chairman Mao's military works and learn from Shanghai's fresh experience in urban militia building,, criticized Lin Piao's bourgeois military line, seriously analyzed the situation of militia work in the plant and sum:;d up their experience. In this way improvement served to step up militia building organizationally and from the line stand- point. Follow the Correct Line First Party committee of the plant realized through the years from its experience in militia building that the key to organizing the militia well lies in following the correct line and that organization can be carried out only when the correct line is CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 26 followed. We must criticize the erroneous line and eradicate its remnant poison before we can voluntarily implement Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line. TZ.erefore, in this year's improvement of the militia, the Party committee of the Plant first organized the militiamen to seriously study Chairman Mao's military works, penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and condemn his crime of undermining militia building. The militiamen conducted vigorous discussions with reference to the actualities of militia building during the past 10 years or so. Some of the comrades asked: Our plant has been carrying out improvement every year since the founding of the militia, but why is it that sometimes it was carried out well and sometimes not carried out well? A concrete analysis showed that during the great proletarian cultural revolution Liu Shao- ch'i's revisionist line w.t.s criticized and in 1968 militia organizations were strengthend. As a result, enthusiasm of the broad masses of cadres and militiamen was heightened, they fought as vanguards in the three great revolutionary struggles and became pace-setters militia work became active, and organizational tasks were carried out relatively well. Later as a result of the interference and undermining by Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line, a lot of black trash such as 'four-good', 'five-good' and 'fourr-good as the key link' was imposed on militia building. Consequently, although militia organiza- tions were improved, the job was not carried out well. But the situation in militia organizations took on a new look after the criticism of Lin Piao and rectification of the sytle of work, especially after criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius, penetratingly criticizing Lin Piao's bourgeois military line, learning from Shanghai's experience and taking the line as the key link to improve and reform the militia. Chairman Mao's instructions on the 'three implementations' of militia work was better carried out, militiamen's concept of class struggle and line struggle was further strengthened, and militiamen's participation in social class struggle to strike at the class enemy's sabotage activities became more enthusiastic. In the meantime, militia organizations in the plant were further consolidated and strengthened and the role of the militia was further developed. These experiences and lessons deeply educated everybody. Comrade Wang Hsi-}u, secretary of the Party committee of the plant, said: 'The key to carrying out militia re-organization well lies in the line. We may work in the same way, but when the correct line is followed we carry it out well and when the correct line is not followed we may carry out improvement in spring yet the whole thing will collapse in summer. Therefore, we must first of all grasp the line.' Study greatly raised everybody's awareness of serving as good militiamen for the sake of defending Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. Many young people of eligible age positively insisted on joining the militia and veteran militiamen also insisted on remaining in militia organizations. Thus, an excellent situation developed in militia work. Approved For Release 1999/64)P i'I bP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 cg}4, lBppAjj00608R000200110011-7 27 Strengthen the Awareness of the Party's Control of the Armed Departments After a review of the experiences and lessons acquired by the plant in militia building the party committee of the plant realized that to improve the militia according to Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, it is necessary to strengthen the Party's absolute leadership over militia work. After experiencing the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement, especially after learning from Shanghai's fresh experience .n militia work, we have realized even more deeply the importance of further strengthening the Party's leadership over militia work. Thus, the Party committee of the plant organized the squad members' of the Party committee to seriously study Chairman Mao's instructions such as "the whole Party grasps military affairs and every man a soldier" and raised everybody's awareness in discussing political and military affairs and controlling well the work of armed departments. At first some individual members of the Party committee though that it was immaterial whether they paid attention to militia work or not since the plant was an advanced unit in militia work and the Party committee had assigned special people to take charge of the work. But study enabled them to realize that this way of thinking would weaken the collective leadership over i.ilitia work and was inconsistent with the requirement that the Party grasped military affairs and controlled armed deparments. With this realization, everybody's awareness of g,-asping militia work was strengthened. In the task to improve the Militia, the secretary of the plant party committee as well as the secretaries of workshop party branches personally grasped political and ideological education as well as the appointment of militia cadres. iUter improving the militia, the party committee of the plant further perfected various systems to make sure that sufficient time was allocated to militia activities and that the activities had substance in content. Furthermore, the party committee also selected and dispatched some Party members to militia organizations at various levels to serve as cadres. In this plant at present there are 56 party members serving as militia cadres above the platoon level accounting for 35 percent of the total number of party members in the plant. This situation is favorable for the strengthening of the Party's leadership over militia organizations at the basic level and over militia sub-detachments that operate outside of the plant. Grasp Well the Building of Combat Backbones. In improving the militia, the Party committee of the plant made the stepping up of the building of combat backbones an important task. Proceeding from the under- standing that stepping up of the building of combat backbones was essential in future wars against aggression and in the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the plant party committee emphatically grasped the folloiing work in the course of building combat backbones according to the type of militia weapons issued by Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 28 superior organizations and to the tasks undertaken by the militia, on the basis of extensive improvement. First, the party committee stressed the strengthening of the companies. Under the principle of easy to lead, easy to train and easy to carry out contingent tasks and taking into consideration the two-shift system of production in the plant, militiamen in the plant were organized into an anti-aircraft artillery company, a basic armed company (which had an anti-tank demolition squad) and other specialized detachments for sanitary work. fire fighting, construction repair etc. Both the anti-aircraft artillery company and the basic aimed company had two sets of personnel and the platoons and squads were organized on the basis of the workshop. In this way, during peacetime personnel could be called up at any moment and during wartime it would still be possible to keep one set of personnel in the plant after one set had been called up. This could guarantee the execution of missions assigned as well as the continuation of normal production. Second, the party committee grasped the appoint- ment of cadres. The cadres were appointed on the basis of a combination of the old, the middle-aged and the young and of appointing one head and many deputies. Third, the party committee grasped the implementation of systems. Systems for convening conferences, training and safe-keeping of weapons were revised through discussions to make them more favorable for developing activities. After the militia was improved, all the militiamen in the plant plunged themselves into the struggle to criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and mass criticism developed vigorously and realistically. The militiamen enthusiastically took part in social class struggle and sub-detachments were organized to carry out patrol missions. As regards grasping revolution and promotion production, the militiamen were extremely enthusiastic. For example, the workshop that manufactures canvas tops for rubber shoes increased its daily production to 21,000 pairs from 18,000 pairs and fulfilled its annual production plan ahead of schedule. MILITIA ORGr~NIZATIONS PROMOTE 'TRAINING Canton MIN-PING SUING-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 16-17 [Summary] In the course of criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius,militit acgiment_of the Canton Standard Parts Main Plant organized the militia- MOP to penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's crimes of viciously attacking revolutionary violence and underming militia building. This enabled the militiamen to realize that Lin Piao's anti-Party clique considered the militia an obstacle to their restoration and did all they could to spread the reactionary fallacy that 'central task for the militia' was to engage in production 'with all its might' and clamored about 'those who turn to virtue flourish but those who turn to force perish' because they wanted the broad masses of militiamen to lay down their weapons so that they could smoothly subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and restore capitalism. CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 j3' } B, ?j!00608 R000200110011-7 29 In the meantime, criticism also stimulated mass awareness to undergo military training, pushed forward the campaign of 'officers teaching soldiers, soldiers teaching officers and soldiers teaching soldiers' in military training, and promoted the guideline of perserving in stringent military training. Combining Labor with Training Canton MING-PING SIIiNG-I-IUO 15 Aug 74 pp 17-18 [Text] Under the momentum of the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement, militia battalion of T'ungi Production Brigade of Wang-ch'eng Commune in the Lin-li County persevered in the principle of combining manual labor with military training and developed military training according to local conditions and requirements in actual combat. This elevated the military and political standards of the militia and promoted the 'three implementations' in militia work. At the beginning of military training, a small number of militl.a cadres who lacked sufficient understanding toward the significance of developing military training for the militia said: "It is difficult to catch two fish with two hands." As a result, they paid attention only to the grasping of production and neglected military training. The leadership of the militia battalion thought what produced this erroneous way of thinking was that these comrades failed to understand clearly the significance of combining manual labor with military training and lacked a profound understanding that the militia is a tool for consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat. Thus they held study classes for militia cadres and organized everybody to repeatedly study the basic line of the Party and Chairman Mao's series of instructions on organizing the militia on a large scale and penetratingly condemn Lin Piao's wicked plots to imitate Confucius' "restrain self, return to propriety " and his attempt to turn the militia into their tool for launching an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, fleeing southward to Canton to set up another "center" and exercise feudalist sovereign powers. Study and criticism made everybody realized that the socialist society is a fairly long historical period. Lin Piao's anti-Party clique has indeed collapsed, but class struggle has not yet come to an end. Therefore, we must never slacken our vigilance. Instead, we must incessantly elevate the militiamen's awareness in class struggle and their level of military skill and work hard to step up militia building. Lin Piao and company clamored in a big way that 'the central task for the militia' was to engage in production 'with all its might' in an attempt to disarm us militiamen ideologically, make us abandon military trailing, weaken the combat power of the militia and render 'r, incapable of carrying out the great historical task of defending the motherland and consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat. But we will never fall into their trap. We militiamen will persevere in the prin- ciple of combining manual labor with military training under any circumstances, hold our hoe in one hand and our gun in the other, as well as learn to produce and fight. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 30 After their understanding was elevated, cadres of the militia battalion voluntarily grasped military training well under the guidance of the basic line of the Party. Yen Yung-ch'ing, a deputy instructor, penetrated deeply into Hsin-wei Militia Platoon to set up experimental point where they acquired experience of combining manual labor with military training and popularized it throughout the battalion. In the course of training, the militia battalion organized the militiamen to develop military training activities according to local conditions. This spring, when the commune was expanding the T'ung-huan Reservoir, over 300 militia men in the battalion went to the site of construction where they underwent training in construction when they dug ditches, training in demolition when they blasted rocks and training in the style of fighting when they did flood fighting work. In this way they not only guaranteed the fulfillment of the tasks of capital farm construction but also imple- mented plans for military training for the militia. To insure that the guideline of combining manual labor ;.'ith military training could be implemented incessantly, militia battalion of T'ung-i Production Brigade also paid attention to the fostering military instructors. In the past they adopted the method of training the militiamen at the production brigade. But owning to the fact that too many people were involved, it was impossible to guarantee the quality of training, and, furthermore, production was affected. This year, they selected 24 instructors from the militiamen of the b:: .alion. Prior to the beginning of every gaining the militia battalion organized them to study Chairman Mao's military thoughts, criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and unify all the military subjects before sending them to the production teams to organize the militiamen to undergo military training and develop the work of instructing, helping and leading. This not only nelped to prevent undesirable effects on production but also make it possible to extensively and persistently develop small-scale, on-the-spot and dispersed mil-.t4ry training activities and incessantly elevate the quality of training. As a result, the battalion recently attained good results is target practice. In the meantime, the average distance of grenade throwing during practices was also increased to 31 meters from 25 meters. Developing Militia Tactics Canton MIN-PING SHENG-I-NO 15 Aug 74 pp 18-19 [Text] In the course of military training, the militia battalion of Wan-ho Production Brigade, Huang-ts'un Commune, Hoy-uan County, Kwangtung Province, organized the militiamen to seriously study Chairman Mao's thinking on people's war and regularly developed training in traditional militia tactics to elevate the military standard of the militiamen. At Via beginning of the training some of the militiamen thought that the techniques of war have been well developed. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to study past militia tactics which have become outdated. Approved For Release 1999/09/~g EIR=$6T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 :hf:PWW00608R000200110011-7 31 But as soon as this thinking emerged, the leadership of the militia battalion of Wan-ho Production Brigade realized that this was an indication that those people have failed to understand profoundly Chairman Mao's strategy and tactics of people's war. To correct this, the militia battalion organized the militiamen to study Chairman Mao's teaching "Considering the revolutionary war as a whole, the operations of the people's guerrillas and those of the main forces of the Red Army complement each other like a man's right arm and left arm, and if we had only the main forces of the Red Army without the people's guerrillas, we would be like a warrior with only one arm" and condemned Lin Piao and company for their crime of opposing Chairman Mao's thoughts on people's war and underming the "three implementation" of militia work. This enabled everybody to understand the significance of developing training in traditional militia tactics. On this basis the militia battalion further led everyone to analyze the characteristics of future wars. This enabled everyone to realize that although the surprise element and degree of mechanization will increase in future wars, the great truth "The Army and the people are the foundation of victory" will remain unchanged. Everyone said: "Traditional militia tactics is th."product of the struggle between the two lines, an embodiment of Chairman Mao's thinking on people's war and the surest way to win victory. After its understanding was elevated, the militia battalion made tactics of ambushment and surprise attack important subjects of training in view of the fact that the mountains were high and the woods were thick in the Wan-ho area. Every time a tactic was studied they mapped out an operational plan for a hypothetical situation according to the local conditions before they conducted the exercise. Once when the r1iilitia battalion was conducting training in surprise attack, the battalion commander devised a hypothetical situation in which the vanguards encountered the enemy in a village. Immediately the militia platoon leaders that took part in the exercise sized up the situaion and dispatched militiamen to collect information and then formulate a combat plan. They divided the men into two groups to encircle the enemy and turned a "battle of encounter" into a "battle of annihilation". In this way they accomplished their mission fairly satisfactorily. The militiamen said: "This way of training under a concrete situation is easy for us to understand and remember our training." In the course of training in traditional militia tactics, the militia battalion of Wan-ho Production Brigade invited demobili.ed and rehabilitated armymen to serve as instructors as well as local old guerrillas and old militia- men to lecture on past battles on the spot so as to pass practical combat experiences on to the militiamen. When problems were discovered, they were solved on the spot. Once the militiv battalion of this production brigade organized the militiamen to undergo training in an ambush exericse in Liu-k'eng-ching which had high mountains on both sides with a wide road in the middle Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL 32 leading to.Lung-ch'uan County. During the training, militia platoon leader Ch'iu Chi-kuan only took into consideration the development of their fire power from high ground when he formulated the combat plan but failed to anticipate possible changes of the situation or to enhance our army's strong point of close combat annihilation. In view of this, the militia battalion invited old guerrillas such as Comrade Ch'iu Ch'i-wen to lecture on their ambush experience acquired during the Liberation War. They said: "Generally speaking, the principal task of the militia is to annihilate the enemy in coordination with the main forces. Therefore, it must fully enhance its strong point of close combat. When we make use of the terrain, we must take into consideration the development of fire power as well as shifting of positions and close contact with the enemy." After listening to the lectures by old guerrillas, cadres of the militia battalion studied the plan again and made adjustments in their disposition by placing their men near one side of the road where the wood was thicker. In this way, it was easier to cover the men, develop fire power, approach the enemy as well as withdraw the men and transfer them to other positions. Thus this exercise greatly enlightened the militiamen and elevated their under- standing of and ability to apply traditional militia tactics. ANHWEI MILITIA ENGAGES IN AIR DEFENSE TRAINING Peking, CHIEH-FANG-CI-NN PAO 22 Oct 73 p 2 [Excerpts] Under the centralized leadership of the Pang-fou Municipal Party Committee, the people's armed forces of Pang-fou Muncipality, Anhwei Province, adhering to Chairman Mao's instruction "heighten our vigilance, defend the motherland," have seriously carried out militia air-raid defense work in the city and have correctly handled the relationship between "attack" and "defense," thus the people's air defense has been carried out effectively. In the past few years, the Pang-fou municipal people's armed forces, obeying Chairman Mao's series of instruction on civil air defense work, have been fully mobilizing the masses to build a certain number of air- defense projects. At one time there was some confusion as to how to handle the relationship between "attack" and "defense" and how to "coordinate attack and defense, with emphasis on attack". To resolve these problems, they seriously analyzed the strategic value of the city and concluded that the city, being the center of political, economic and cultural activities, must be defended and guarded in any future anti-aggression war. flow should a city be safeguarded and defended? After studying Chairman Mao's instructions, they understood that destroying the enemy and preserving oneself are the essential elements in urban air defense. Dispersal and cover are mainly for self preservation; anti-aircraft warfare is mainly for destroying the enemy. These are the two aspects of a problem, with emphasis on destroying the enemy. For this reason, besides dispersing and hiding the population, emphasis should be placed on "attack" and preparation should be made CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : @~ ,~AP0608R000200110011-7 33 for "attack". By ding this in time of war, we can preserve our strength, resolutely hit the enemy's aircraft, and wage alley battles, street barricade battles, and underground urban battles so that the city would become a strong fighting bastion to destroy the enemy, and at the same time, it can resolutely support production and combat tasks to attain thorough victory in a war against aggression. After understanding these problems, the party committee of the municipal armed forces placed greater emphasis on "attack" in the city's militia air defense work. The building of militia air-defense units was strengthened in ideology, organization and military drilling to continuously implement the measures of war preparation against air raids. In the past, in organizing and building the militia air defense units, the concept of "attack" was not clearly set forth. Therefore in some units, the commanding organs the warning and reporting team the tel:- communications liaison team and the specialized militia air-defense tea:. were not set up for "attack." Through investigations and studies, the Pang-fou armed forces focused its attention on the existing problems and,on the basis of the needs in actual antiaircraft operations and the conditions in the factories,adopted a series of improved measures for the antiaircraft organizations and the command organizations of the militia. First, to facilitate operational command, they established antiaircraft command elements in the city, the various districts and bureaus, and large plants. They also set up a wartime unified command system. Secondly, taking into consideration tie needs of antiaircraft warfare in the city and the duties of the mil`,.tia in future antiaircraft warfare, they formulated operational plans and delineated combat zones to achieve the "four fixes"--fixed duty, fixed strength, fixed measures, and fixed command--and, on the basis of the arms and equipment of the militia, organized a network of fire to put into practice Cie unified command system. Thirdly, they organized and established militia staffs specializing in air defense. In organizing and establishing the stairs, they seriously implemented the principle of further training person in his vocation and integrating wartime activities with peacetime activities. In the city they assigned the militia of the basic construction, trans- portation, telecommunications, and electricity transmission departments, the chemical industry, and hospitals to such specialized tasks as emergency repairs, transportation work, telecommunications work antichemical warfare and rescue operations. Also in relatively large factories they organized militia guard companies under the direct command of the city armed forces comiand. In the basic levels, according to the characteristics of the work and the number of work shifts in production,they organized and established specialized teams for air Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release I 999/09/2 ! c1P 6T00608R000200110011-7 34 defense so that the basic level teams could cope with wartim^, needs. They summed up their experience in organizing and establishing air defense teams of the alcohol plant: most of the militia of the machine repair shops, fitters, electricians, and plumbers who are familiar with emergency repair work were organized into specialized emergency repair teams; the alcohol workshop, which already has its own fire fighting unit, was organized into fire fighting specialized teams to fight fires and explosions; shop "920" and the medical office having similiar functions were organized into rescue squads; and the armed basic units of the militia of the plant were organized into antiaircraft batteries and public security teams. Thus, these arrangements facilitated the launching of training in normal times and the implementation of work tasks during wartime. To stress "attack" in urban air defense, they actively developed mass training so that the broad masses of militiamen would know how to wipe out the enemy in wartime air attack. The air-defense specialized teams of the militia also engaged in antiaircraft specialized drills. To raise the antiaircraft fighting capability of the masses, they also emphasized training in operating antiaircraft guns, in obtaining textbook and technical knowledge and in field manuever. Also on the basis of actual needs and urban characteristics, they arranged training courses for antitank, street, and street-barricade warfares and underground, tunnel exercises. With training in these fields,the militia is ready to cope with any enemy attack from the air or on the ground. In training, they first trained the cadres and entrusted them the responsibility to mobilize the masses. Since last year, the people's armed forces of the municipality, district and bureau have organized numerous training teams, with armed cadres and militia backbone cadres as senior instructors to train junior instructors so that they in turn can mobilize the militia in the city for training. For example, the armed basic units of the militia of the glass plant in their "three attacks and three defenses" training had staged six comprehensive counter-attack manuevers in the whole plant. These manuevers enabled the militia to grasp the know-how of firing at enemy airplanes, attacking parachuters, and clearing the wreckages from air raids. During military training, the Pang-fou people's armed forces also demanded strict training, calling on the militia to promote the concept of train- ing for fighting. Their responsible comrade- also frequently went deep into the basic level and gave personal instructions to the militia- men joining them in various drills. Under the ideological guidance of training for specific fighting requirements in various levels of the militia, the training courses being offered now are realistic and practical. CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 35 MILITARY SUBDISTRICT PRCMYI'ES MILITIA BUILDING Peking CHIEH-FANG-CHUN PAO 22 Oct 73 p 3 [Excerpts] Admist the fervor of studying the 10th congress documents and the implementation of the spirit of the 10th party congress, the party committee of Ying-kou military subdistrict in Liaoning, adhering to the outlines of the party's basic line, has been talking joyously about the excellent situation of the people's militia work and has been seriously summing up the experiences of organizing contingents of people's militia on a large scale. With a High Degree of Consciousness of th~'.Basic Line, Recognize the Significance .f Organizing the Militia on a Large Scale. Should we organize P. militia? Should it be on a large or a small scale? These questions have traditionally been looked at as fierce struggles between the two lines. In recent years, some comrades, influenced by "the theory of the dying out of class struggles" pushed by swindlers like Lin Piao and the bourgeois military line, have net learned in depth the significance of militia work and looked at militia work as "inconsequential to the situation in general". To help them acquire the correct viewpoint, and to strengthen their consciousness in doing militia work well, the party committee of the military subdistrict organised everybody during the movment to criticize Lin Piao and rectify the stile of work to seriously study the viewpoints of Marx and Lenin on militia building, Chairman Mao's thinking on people's war and Chair- man Mao's series of important directives on building the militia and, associating the studies with the realities of class struggles of the historical stages of socialism, participate in four collective exercises to criticize Lin Piao's crimes of opposing the organizing of the militia on a large scale. Everybody then realized that without the strength of a armed people's militia,the proletarian dictatorship could neither be established nor consolidated. The militia is an important component of the people's armed forces of our country. The large-scale organization of the militia frightens imperialism, and social imperialism as well as the landlords, rich peasants, the counter- revolutionaries, the bad elements and the rightists. Lin Piac's anti- party clique schemed day and night to oppose the organizing of the militia on a large scale because it vainly hoped to achieve the cciminal objectives of overthrowing the proletarian d'_,.tatorship, restoring capitalism and changing our nation into a colony of the revisionist Soviet social imperialism. It is not true that the amount of militia work has "no bearing on the situation in general". On the contrary, it has a positive bearing on the situation in general. With better understanding of the importance of militia work, the party committee and the government organs have determined to give greater attention to it. Seven of the nine members of the standing committee [of the party committee] have grasped militia work. The deputy secretary of the party committee and the commander [of the Ying-kou Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : C A RDAP86T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDEN 36 military district?] have often organized the members of the party committee to study Chairman Mao's directive of "organizing contingents of people's militia on a large scale." The party committee secretary and the political commissar acting as deputy secretary of the municipal committee and the deputy chairman of the revolutionary committee respectively also are constantly aware of militia work. The party committee secretary mobilizes the party committee members and the party committee mobilizes the government organs. Nine of the leading comrades of the 11 judicial, political and rear-services departments are involved in militia work and 70 percent of the cadres of the government organs are directly involver. in militia work. Persist in Going to the Midst of the Basic Level to Organize the Militia on a Large Scale. The party committee of the military subdistrict considers militia work as a mass work which must be done among the masses and at the basic level. It believes that militia work cannot be done at a leisurely pace but must be specifically directed on the frontline, away from the office. The resl.onsible comrao'.es and the standing committee members of the party committee of this military subdistrict have often taken the lead to go to the basic level. in th past two years and more, every member of the standing committee has gone down to the basic level; some have stayed there working continuously for more than a year. Since last year, more than 90 percent of the leading comrades of the various departments have visited the basic level for an average stay of five months for each comrade. The Chiang-non Brigade of the Po-lo-pu Commune of Ying-kou County has always had some government comrades who are leading cadres of the military subdistrict's party committee squatting there. Before the great cultural revolution, this brigade had capitalist leanings and had produced only some 300 chin of grain per mou; but since 1969, it has been increasing its grain production, and in 1972 it became an advanced in-agriculture-learn-frrnn-Ta-chaff unit. The militia company of the Chiang-nan brigade is now emulated by groups of other advanced militia companies. Consciously Obey thc Unified Leadership cf the Local Party Committee. The party committee of the military subdi.strict fully realizes that militia work in the Ying-kou area is shading up well because the local party committees of various levels, consciously implementing Chairman Mao's directive on "The whole party grasp military affairs, make everyone a soldier", are all involved in militia work. The Ying-kou municipal party committee makes the decisions on strengthening militia building and actually places militia work on its agenda of important work. The secretary of the municipal party committee personally insp,'cts the militia companies to find out how militia work is progressing. The party committee of the military subdistrict asked itself of this question : "When the local party committee puts so much emphasis on militia work what can we do to match its enthusiasm? "Sparing nothing Approved For Release 1999/09/' -Mk- IW$6T00608R000200110011-7 CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7 37 in criticizing the crimes of Lin Piao's attempts to undermine the party leadership in militia work, the party committee of the military subdistrict further realized that its attitude of respect and obedience of the unified leadership of the local party committee is related to the question of the principle of whether the party commands the gun or the gun commands the party. The military subdistrict party committee has said: "The more emphasis the local party committee places on militia work, the more modest and prudent we should be. We should consciously respect and obey the leadership of the local party committee and further volunteer to be a good staff to the local party committee." Besides subscribing to the unified leadership of the local party committee ideologically and organizationally, the military subdistrict party committee also pays particular attention to doing the militia work well while also paying attention to the central tasks of the pa: ty. Its members said: "The central tasks of the party are the central tasks of our military subdistrict and militia. To be divorced from the party's central tasks in militia work is to be divorced from party leadership in militia work." During the movement to criticize Lin Piao and rectify the style of work, the members of the party committee of the military subdistrict actively participated in the line-education work team organized by the local party committee. They also penetrated deeply into the communes and brigades to propagandize and talk about central documents to the masses and the militia and undertook the role as backbone cadres to lead the militia to actively participate in the movement to criticize Lin Piao and rectify the style of work. In the drive to emulate the agricultural cultivating methods of Tachai, they went to the frontline to lead the militia and took the initiative in harnessing the mountains and rivers and changing the undeveloped land into arable land. They completed the most arduous tasks with the militia. A deputy commander worked with two militia regiments in repairing a reservoir for two years. He stayed with them on the work site and toiled with them until the task was campleted. In June 1973, they consciously sent some responsible cadres down to the basic level. Leading a number of government cadres, these responsible cadres helped the local areas to build depots for intellectual youth, and at the same time,felt their way around as to how to bring into full play the function of intellectual youths in building the militia. Both the local party committee and the masses are pleased by the methods the party committee of the military subdistrict has been using in its militia work along with its central tasks; moreover, the party committee of the military subdistrict while completing the party's central tasks has enabled the broad masses of the militia to be tempered in rain and storm, in facing the world, and in participating in the three great revolutionary struggles. Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7