WASTERN HEMISPHERE BRIEF 180-75.4

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000300010082-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 23, 2001
• Sequence Number: 82
• Publication Date: November 21, 1975
• Content Type: CABLE

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WESTERN HEPIISPHERE BRIEF 180-75?V
//BRAZIL: BRAZIL'S RUSH TO RECOGNIZE THE POPULAR MOVEMENT FOR
THE LIBERATION Of ANGOLA ON THE DAY THE AFRICAN TERRITORY BECAME
INDEPENDE?!r REQUIRES MORE EXPLANATION THAN THE BRAZILIANS HAVE SO
FAf SEEN FIT TO GIVE. AT FIRST GLANCE, THE ACTION SEEMS TO CONTRADICT
THEPPOLICY IMPLICIT IN THE INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO THE BRAZILIAN
MISSION IN LUANDA WHEN IT WAS ESTABLISHED LAST JANUARY, WHICH WZRE
TO OBSERVE EVENTS. CLOSELY, BUT TO STAY OUT OP DOMESTIC MATTERS.//V
/IFOREIGH MINISTRY OFFICIALS CAN MAINTAIN THAT RECOGNITION
DOES ROT MEAN APPROVAL AND THAT BRASILIA HAS, IN STRICT LEGAL TERPS..
MERELY ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THE MPLA IS IN DE FACTO CONTROL OF THE
ANGOLAN CAPITAL. THE F IR NZI OF THIS SHAKY POSTURE, HOWEVER, WILL
ALMOST CERTAINLY BE TESTED BY THE WARRING AFRICAN MOVEMENTS IN
ACTIONS THAT COULD PROVE HIGHLY EMBARRASSING TO THE BRAZILIANS. THE
DIPLOMATIC GESTURE PROBABLY HAS ALREADY CAUSED SOME CHAGRIN AMONG
?C'NSERVATIVE BRAZILIAN MILITARY OFFICERS, WHO SEC THAT THEIR GOVERN-
MENT IS VIRTUALLY ALONE INRRECOGNIZING A REGIME THAT OWES ITS
EXISTENCE TO SOVIET AND CUBAN MILITARY SUPPORT.//Y
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//THE ACT OF RECOGNITION SEEDS TO BE A GAMBLE THAT, OVER THE
LONG TERfl, THE ANGOLANS 'RILL RE?IE lBER ONLY THAT BRAZIL WAS AMONG THE
FIRST TO RECOGNIZE THE NEW NATION. FOREIGN MINISTER ANTONIO AZERED4
DA SILVEIRA HAS SAID PRIVATELY THAT A MAJOR CONSIDERATION UZI TO SPUR
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN BRAZIL AND MOZAMBIQUE--VIRICH
FOLLOWED ON NOVEflBER IS. ULTIMATELY THE BRAZILIANS SEEK TO EXPAND
TRADE RELATIONS AND FORGE CLOSER DIPLOMATIC TIES WITH THE EflERGINs
NATIONS OF PORTUGUESE AFRICA. THESE ASPIRATIONS MAY PROVE TO BE
OVERLY OPTIMISTIC DESPITE BRAZIL'S APPARENT EAGERNESS TO ERASE THE
PAST. BECAUSE OP BRAZIL'S HISTORICAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE AFRICAN
SLAVE TRADE AND ITS TACIT SUPPORT Of PORTUGUESE FOREIGN POLICY, IT
IS ONLY SLIGHTLY LESS RESENTED THAN THE PORTUGUESE THEMSELVES.
{CONFIDENTIAL NOFORN} E-2 IflPDET.,i
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PIDDLE EAST AFRICA BRIEF 180-?5.Y
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1, SPANISH SAHARA: ALGERIA HAS SHARPLY DENOUNCED THE RECENT
SPANISH-MOROCCAN-MAURITANIAN AGREEMENT ON SPANISH SAHARA AND SET
THE STAGE FOR A FULL-SCALE UN DEBATE ON THE FUTURE OF THE TERRITORY.Y
IN A FORMAL NOTE ATTACHED TO UN SECRETARY GENERAL WALDHEIM'S
LATEST REPORT ON SPANISH SAHARA, ALGERIA DECLARED THE TRIPARTITE
AGREEMENT NULL AIID VOID AND ATTACKED SPAIN FOR NOT FULFILLING ITS
RESPONSIBILITIES AS THE ADMINISTERING POWER OF A NON-SELF-GOVERN.tNG
TERRITORY. ALGIERS ARGUED THAT SPAIN COULD TRANSFER ADMINISTRATIVE
RESPONSIBILITIES ONLY TO THE SAHARAN PEOPLE OR, FAILING THAT, TO THE
UN ITSELF.Y
SPAIN, HOWEVER, CLAIMS TO HAVE ACTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH UN
DIRECTIVES. THE SPANISH HAVE RATIONALIZED THEIR DECISION TO TRANSFER
ADMINISTRATION OF THE TERRITORY TO RABAT AND NOUAKCHOTT BY ASSERTING
;THAT THE QUESTION OF SOVEREIGNTY IS A SEPARATE ISSUE THAT ONLY THE
-UN CAN RESOLVE-10
2 ALGERIA ALSO INSISTED THAT MOROCCO AND MAURITANIA DO NOT HAVE THE
'.RIGHT TO EXERCISE AUTHORITY IN THE TERRITORY UNLESS THE GENERAL
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ASSEMBLY OFFICIALLY RE000NIZ;`:S THAT THEIR CLAIMS TAKE PRECEDENCE
OVER SELF-DETERMINATION. THU ALGERIANS HAVE BEEN TRYING T-.) RETURN
THE SAHARAN PR09LEM TO THE VENERAL ASSEMBLY, WHXCH IN PAST
RESOLUTIONS HAS STRONGLY SUtPPORTED THE PRINCIPLE Of SELF-
DETERMINATION.Y
ALGERIAN PRE'."S STATEHHENTS SUGGEST ALGIERS IS WILLING TO. SUPPORT
A STRUGGLE BY THE POLISARIO FRONT, A PRO-INDEPENDENCE SAHARAN
GUERRILLA MOVEMENT THAT ALGIERS BACKS. A RECENT ARTICLE IN AL-SHAAB,
A DAILY NEWSPAPER THAT USUALLY REFLECTS THE VIEWS OF THE BOUMEDIENE
GOVERNMENT, DECLARED THE BEST RESPONSE TO THE TRIPARTITE DEAL WAS
THE DETERMINATION OF THE SAHARAN PEOPLE TO RESIST THE MOROCCAN-
MAURITANIAN "INVADERS." THE ARTICLE ADDED THAT ALGERIA, AS A
MATTER OF PRINCIPLE, WOULD SUPPORT SAHARANS STRUGGLING TO LIBERATE
THEIR TERRITORY.Y
ALGERIA IS UNLIKELY T INITIATE DIRECT MILITARY INTERVENTION,
BUT IT WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPLY ARMS, A SANCTUARY, A PROPAGANDA
:OUTLET, AND POSSIBLY SOME "VOLUNTEERS" TO THE POLISARIO FRONT.
:,ALGERIAN TRUCKS WERE RECENTLY OBSERVED IN THE MAURITANIAN PORT CITY
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OF NOUADHIBOU, ALLEGEDLY SECURING SUPPLIES FOR POLISARIO UNITS
IN THE SOUTHERN SAHARAN BORDER AREA WHERE THERE APPARENTLY IS
SUBSTANTIAL SYMPATHY FOR THE FRONT.Y
THE POLISARIO FRONT IS-QUIETLY ACQUIRING A FOOTHOLD IN THE
SAHARA. UNITS OF THE POLISARIO FRONT HAVE TAKEN OVER THE
SOUTHERN SAHARAN TOWN OF GUERA AND HAVE ESTABLISHED THEMSELVES ALONG
THE MAURITANIAN-SAHARAN BORDER IN AN ATTEMPT TO FILL THE VACUUM
CREATED BY SPAIN'S WITHDRAWAL FROM TWO THIRDS OF THE TERRITORY.
THE FRONT HAS DECLARED IT WILL FORCIBLY RESIST THE AGREED-UPON
MAURITANIAN-MOROCCAN ADMINISTRATION OF THE REGION. {CONFIDENTIALI-
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__EAST ASIA BRIEF 180-75Y
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1. MALAYSIA: A POWER PLAY BY PRIME MINISTER RAZAK AGAINST
HIS CHIEF RIVAL, DUTUK HARUN IDRIS, HAS CAUSED NEW POLITICAL TENSION
AND APPREHENSION THAT COMMUNAL STRIFE MAY ERUPT AGAIN.Y
RAZAK HAS THREATENED TO BRING EMBEZZLEMENT CHARGES AGAINST
HARUN UNLESS THE LATTER AGREES TO POLITICAL EXILE BY ACCEPTING THE
POST OF PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UN. RAZAK'S DEADLINE PASSED
ON TUESDAY, AND IT APPEARS THAT HARUN IS DEFYING THE PRIME MINISTER.Y
AS HEAD OF THE UNITED MALAYS NATIONAL ORGANIZATION YOUTH-
MOVEMENT AND CHIEF MINISTER OF POPULOUS SELANGOR STATE, WHICH
SURROUNDS KUALA LUMPUR, HARUN ALSO HAS AN IMPORTANT INDEPENDENT
POLITICAL BASE FROM WHICH TO CHALLENGE RAZAK. HARUN ALSO HAS BUILT A
POPULAR FOLLOWING BY CHAMPIONING NARROW MALAY INTERESTS AND PLAYING
ON ANTI-CHINESE FEELING WITHIN THE MALAY COMMUNITY. HE HAS FOR YEARS
COMPLICATED RAZAK'S EFFORTS TO KEEP MALAYSIA'S COMMUNAL PROBLEMS IN
BALANCE. HARUN, A HERO TO MANY LESS SOPHISTICATED MALAYS, IS SUSPECTED
OF HAVING PLAYED A ROLE IN FOMENTING THE DESTRUCTIVE ANTI-CHINESE
COMMUNAL RIOTS IN 9 1'69.Y
RSWSINO OPPICPR COORDINATING OPPICURS AUTNSNnCATINa OPPICSR
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ETHNIC CHINESE LEADERS ARE CONCERNED THAT AN OPEN CONFRONTATION
BETWEEN THE TWO PARTY LEADERS MIGHT LEAD TO VIOLENCE THAT COULD
EASILY ASSUME ANTI-CHINESE OVERTONES. RAZAK RECOGNIZES THIS DANGER,
HOWEVER, AND IN REPORTEDLY,.. IS PUTTING HIS INTERNAL SECURITY FORCES
ON ALERT. {CONFIDENTIAL.}4
24?// CHINA: AFTER YEARS OF INNER PARTY WRANGLING?OVE R EDUCATIONAL
POLICY, PEKING HAS APPARENTLY SECURED MAO'S ENDORSEMENT FOR
POLICY CHANGES THAT WOULD RAISE THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC TRAINING
IN CHINA'S UNIVERSITIES.//y
//THE RENEWED CONCERN FOR ACADEMIC QUALITY, IN LINE WITH
CHINA'S DRIVE TO MODERNIZE THE ECONOMY BY THE END OF THE CENTURY,
WOULD IN EFFECT REVERSE THE EDUCATIONAL POLICIES ADOPTED DURING
THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION OF THE MID-19605. THOSE POLICIES, WHICH
PUT PRIMARY EMPHASIS ON. POLITICS RATHER THAN ON SCHOLASTIC
4 ACHIEVEMENT, WERE STAUNCHLY DEFENDED BY THE PARTY'S LEFT WING
AND HAVE RENDERED CHINA'S UNIVERSITIES VIRTUALLY INEFFECTIVE AS
INSTITUTES OF HIGHER LEARNING.//M
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//ACCORDING TO A DOCUMENT CIRCULATING IN CHINA, MAO HAS
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CALLED FOR MORE STUDY OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC THEORY AND HAS WARNED
STUDENTS TO LEARN FROM THEIR TEACHERS RATHER THAN WASTE TIME
STATING THEIR OWN OPINIONS. HE REPORTEDLY HAS ASKED CHINAN'S
INTELLECTUALS, WHO HAVE LOfG BEEN COWED BY ATTACKS. FROM PARTY
LEFTISTS, TO HELP IMPROVE THE UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM.//y
//DURING THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION, PARTY LEFTISTS DISMISSED
THE STUDY OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC THEORY AS UNNECESSARY AND PROMOTED
THE NOTION THAT STUDENTS WERE ON A PAR WITH THEIR TEACHERS. THEY
ALSO ADVOCATED THAT UNIVERSITIES DEVOTE MOST OF THEIR TIME TO
TEACHING POLITICS, WHICH CONSISTED MAINLY OF MAO'S WRITINGS.//Y
//IN THEIR ATTACKS ON THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND ON TEACHERS
IN PARTICULAR, THE LEFTISTS WERE IN FACT ECHOING I`AO'S OWN
SENTIMENTS AT THE TIME. HIS RECENT REPUDIATION OF THESE POLICIES,
HOWEVER, MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR PARTY LEFTISTS TO CONTEND THAT
THEY ARE ACTING ON BEHALF OF MAO IN THEIR OPPOSITION TO HIGHER
EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS. THE CHAIRMAN'S TURNABOUT ON THIS ISSUE IS
2 THE LATEST AND MOST STARTLING CONFIRMATION THAT HE HAS NOW
ABANDONED SOME OF HIS VISIONARY IDEAS OF THE LATE 1"150S AND 1960S
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AND THAT THE PARTY LEFT WING IS CURRENTLY IN ECLIPSE.//M
//POSSIBLY EMBOLDENED BY MAO'S SHOW OF SUPPORT FOR THE NEW
EDUCATIONAL POLICIES, THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION MADE A SPEECH IN
SEPTEMBER STRONGLY CRITICIZING THE EDUCATIONAL POLICIES OF THE:
CULTURAL REVOLUTION. THE MINISTER CLAIMED THAT THE GOAL OF
EDUCATION IS NOT TO SEND STUDENTS TO THE RURAL AREAS TO WORK AS
COMMON LABORERS BUT TO EQUIP THEM WITH FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE THAT
THEY CAN APPLY TO THEIR FIELD OF WORK. HE SPECIFICALLY CRITICIZED
PEKING UNIVERSITY FOR FAILING TO EDUCATE ITS STUDENTS PROPERLY.?//Y
//PEKING IS NOT LIKELY IN THE SHORT TERM TO ABANDON ITS
POLICY OF SENDING THE MAJORITY OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES TO THE
COUNTRYSIDE, WHERE THEY ARE MOST NEEDED. WHATEVER CHANGES MAY
OCCUR IN THIS POLICY OVER THE LONGER TERM ARE LIKELY TO BE
GRADUAL.//Y
//AS A RESULT OF THE MINISTER'S SPEECH, PEKING AND TSINGHUA
3 UNIVERSITIES, TWO OF CHINA'S BEST, ANNOUNCED THAT CURRENT CURRICULA
2 WILL BE REVAMPED, THAT SCIENCE AND RESEARCH WILL BE EMPHASIZED,
AND THAT ENTERING STUDENTS WILL BE REQUIRED TO TAKE EXAMINATIONS.
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.ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS HAVE BEEN A PARTICULARLY CONTENTIOUS. ISSUE
SINCE 1973, WHEN A COALITION OF PARTY LEFTISTS AND SOME MILITARY
MEN OPPOSED THEIR USE AND FORCED PEKING TO PUT LESS EMPHASIS ON
//CHINA'S INTELLECTUALS REPORTEDLY HAVE BEEN RELUCTANT TO HELP
THE UNIVERSITIES IMPROVE THEIR CURRICULA FOR FEAR THAT' EDUCATIONAL
POLICY WILL SUFFER YET ANOTHER REVERSAL. DESPITE THEIR MISGIVINGS,
IT APPEARS THAT THE MAJORITY OF CHINA'S POLITICAL LEADERS ARE
INTENT ON IMPROVING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AS THE FIRST STEP
TOWARD MODERNIZING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.//Y
//ALTHOUGH PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI COMPLAINED AS EARLY AS LAST
JANUARY-THAT THE CURRENT EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IS NOT ADEQUATE FOR
CHINA3'S ECONOMIC NEEDS, IT WAS APPARENTLY NOT UNTIL MAO'S APPROVAL
OF CHANGES WAS MADE KNOWN IN JUNE THAT EDUCATORS BEGAN MAKING
:4 IMPROVEMENTS. MAO'S RECENT STATEMENTS ON EDUCATION, HIS FIRST
SINCE THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION, HAVE BEEN THE MISSING INGREDIENT
IN THE LONG-STANDING EFFORTS OF PEOPLE LIKE CHOU EN-LAI AND
TENG HSIAO-PING TO MAKE MUCH-NEEDED CHANGES IN THE UNIVERSITIES.
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1VAEMBER 81 21, 1975
12019 OCI/FLO
9106
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EUROPEAN BRIEF 180-75Y
1. PORTUGAL: INFORMED SOURCES IN LISBON SAY THE GOVERNMENT'S
STRATEGY OF SUSPENDING ITS ACTIVITIES ON THURSDAY CONSTITUTES AN
ULTIMATUM TO PRESIDENT COSTA GOMES TO FIRE SECURITY CHIEF OTELO DE
CARVALHO AND ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF CARLOS FABIAO.Y
THE CENTER-LEFT POPULAR DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAS STATED THAT THE
GOVERNMENTON'S ACTION WAS ENDORSED BY THEM, THE SOCIALISTS, AND
THE "ANTUNES NINE" AND THAT THEIR DEMANDS ARE NOT NEGOTIABLE.',
ALTHOUGH NO RESOLUTION OF THE DISPUTE IS ANTICIPATED FOR
SEVERAL DAYS, DURENG WHICH TIME COSTA GOMES IS EXPECTED TO PROPOSE
VARIOUS COMPROMISE SOLUTIONS, IN THE END IT IS HOPED THE PRESIDENT
WILL BOW TO THE GOVERNMENT'S WISHES. IF HE FAILS TO GO ALONG, IT
IS AVERRED, HE MAY BE REPLACED--BUT THE PLAN FOR ACCOMPLISHING-THIS IS
NOT SPELLED OUT.'1'
WHILE THE GOVERNMENT PROBABLY FEELS IT HAS NO VIABLE ALTERNATIVE
SHORT OF O;,TRIGHT RESIGNATION OR CAPITULATION TO COMMUNIST DEMANDS
FOR GREATER REPRESENTATION, ITS PRESENT COURSE DOES CONTAIN SOME IMIN
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--COSTA GOMES COULD TRY TO DISMANTLE THE CABINET AND APPOINT
A NEW PRIME MINISTER, BUT THIS COULD PROBABLY BE BLOCKED BY THE
ANTUNES GROUP'S MAJORITY IN THE REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL?M
--THE PRESIDENT COULD APPEAL TO THE ARMED FORCES MOVEMENT
ASSEMBLY FOR SUPPORT, EVERT THOUGH TF+IS EXTREME-LEFT BODY HAS NOT
BEEN CONVENED SIICE PRO-COMMUNIST FOC:MER PRIME MINISTER,GONCALVES WAS
OUSTED IN SEPTEMBE:R.V
--THE GOVERNMENT'S ACTION COULD BE MET BY VIOLENCE FROM
THE FAR LEFT AND THE COMMUNISTS.M
THE LEFT BIAS QUICK TO CENSURE THE GOVERNMENT'S MOVE458311IflIAIa
BUT ITS RESPONSE, AS USUAL, FELL SHORT OF VIOLENCE. THE COMMUNIST
PARTY ISSUED RADIO APPEALS TO ALL LEFTIST GROUPS TO STAGE A
DEMONSTRATION A'T 'rH PRESIDENTIAL PALACE. SOME 5,000 TO 10,000
PARTICIPANTS EXCORIATED 'THE GOVERNMENT AND SHOUTED SUPPORT FOR
GENERAL CARVALHO.Y
THIS DEMONSTRATION HAD LITTLE DIRECT IMPACT ON THE PROCEEDINGS
OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL--WHICH WISELY MOVED OUT OF TOWN TO
CONDUCT ITS DEBATE ON THE GOVERNMENT'S ACTION. NEVERTHELESS, COSTA
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_GOMES DID LEAVE THE COUNCIL MEETING TO RETUI:N TO LISBON AND
ADDRESS THE CROWD. IN A BRIEF STATEMENT HE Cj_LED FOR UNITY AND
ASSURED THE DEMONSTRATORS THAT HE WOULD yO EVERYTHING POSSIBLE
TO SEE THAT THE COUNCILM'S.DECISIONS WOULD BE IN THE INTERESTS OF THE
WORKERS-98 {CONFIDENTIAL}
2. CZECHOSOI..AKIA: FOREIGN MINISTER CHNOUPEK'S MAJOR FOREIGN
POLICY SPEECH TO PIE FETERAL ASSEMBLY ON NOVEMBER LL
WAS LESS SYCOPHANTIC TOWARD THE SOVIETS THAN HIS LAST
MAJOR PARLIAMENTARY ADDRESS ON OCTOBER 13, 11972.Y
I
DESPITE THE DECREASED ADULATION ACCORDED THE
SOVIET UNION IN FII.S RECENT ADDRESS, CHNOUPEK PAID
PROPER OBEISANCE TO THE BASIC TENETS OF SOVIET
FOREIGN POLICY, INCLUDING THE "BREZHNEV DOCTRINE."
IN SHORT, HE SAID NOTHING TO WHICH MOSCOW MIGHT OBJECT.','
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHNOUPEK'S SPEECH THIS TIME
AND HIS EARLIER ONE PROBABLY ARE A RESULT OF A GROWING
SENSE OF SELF-CONFIDENCE OF BOTH THE REGIME AND THE
FOREIGN MINISTER HIMSELF. ALTHOUGH PRAGUE HAS NOT
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DITUXN TO
-.COMPLETELY SHED THE PARIAH IMAGE IT GAINED IN THE
POST-DUBCEK PERIOD, ITS FOREIGN POLICY HAS SCORED
MAJOR SUCCESSES OVER THE PAST THREE YEARS. CHNOUPEV.
WITH SOME PRIDE, EMPHASIZED. CZECHOSLOVAKIA'S IN-
CREASING ACCEPTABILITY, AS HE TICKED OrF_THE NUMBER
OF FOREIGN CONTA(:TS, NEW INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS,
AND COUNTRIES WITH WHICH PRAGUE HAS ESTABLISHED RE-
LATIONS. CHNOUPEK TAKES PERSONAL CREDIT Fvi' THE
"FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESSES" ACHIEVED SINCE HE BECAME
FOREIGN MINISTER IN DECEMBER 19711U1. IN FACT, HE
APPEARS TO HAVE DONE SO WELL THAT, B:' SOME ACCOUNTS,
HE IS SLATED TO MOVE UP INTO THE PARTY PRESIDIUM. Y
ON BALANCE, CHNOUPEK SEEMED TO BE PROMOTING AN
IMAGE 07 A SOVEREIGN COUNTRY THAT FOLLOWS A CO-
OR:,INATED FOREIGN POLICY. HIS PERSONAL STYLE AND
POLISH MAY HAVE MADE SOME ELEMENTS OF THE ADDRESS
APPEAR NEWER THAN THEY WERE. PARTS OF HIS SPEECH
WERE CLEARLY AIMED AT THE FOREIGN DIPLOMATS WHO
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WERE CONSPICUOUSLY INVITED TO ATTEND. HIS REMARKS
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CSCE, FOREIGN TRADE-OFFICES
IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA, AND THE REUNIFICATION OF DIVIDED
FAMILIES WERE DELETED IN THE LOCAL PRESS COVERAGE.
-CCONFIDENTIAL} V
3. CZECHOSL!;'/AKIA: CZECHOSLOVAK DISSIDENTS RECENTLY USED A
"LITTLE THEATER" PERFORMANCE ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF PRAGUE DIS-
CREETLY TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR SOLIDARITY AND THEIR
SUBTLE DEFIANCE OF THE REGIME.''
AN UNANNOUNCED, UNADVERTISED, 4ND ADMISSION-FREE PERFORMANCE OF
JOHN GAY'S "BEGGARS OPERA" ALLOWED A "FULL CROSS SECTION" OF DISSIDENT
INTELLECTUALS TO GATHER PUBLICLY IN STRENGTH AND TO ENJOY DRAMATIC
FARE UNCOMMON IN IIEISAK'S "NORMALIZED" CZECHOSLOVAKIA. UNLUCKILY FOR
THE LOCAL OFFICIAL WHO PERMITTED THE PERFORMANCE,
THE ADAPTATION OF THE PLAY WAS NOT THE APPROVED
VERSION BY BERTHOLD BRECHT THAT HAS RUN SUCCESSFULLY
IN EAST BERLIN.''
INSTEAD, THE PLAYERS PERFORMED AN ADAPTATION
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NO INOIM
NITUNN TO
BY AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF THE REGIME, VACLAV HAVEL
WHO HAS TURNED THE PLAY INTO A STINGING POLITICAL
SATIRE AIMED AT THE PRESENT LEADERSHIP. FOR T_itiSTANCE, THE LANGUAGE OF
THE EXPLANATION TO THE BEGGAR-THIEF ON WHY HE SHOULD COOPERATE WITH
THE POLICE COULD I?IAVE BEEN LIFTED VERBATIM FROM ANY RECENT SPEECH BY
HUSAK ON CZECHOSLOVAK COOPERATION WITH THE SOVIET UNION'.'
THE DISSIDErMfA SUCCESSFULLY HOODWINKED THE
SECUr.IT'f FORCES BY CONCEALING THE PREPARATIONS FOR
THE PERFORMANCE MID BY PASSING WORD OF THE EVENT
QUIETLY. THE REGCIIE'S REACTION TO THE PERFORMANCE
WAS RAPID AND TOUGFI. ITS ORGANIZER WAS INTERROGATED
BY POLICE FOR 13 HOURS, AND STERNLY WARNED AGAINST
PUBLICIZING THE EVENT IN WESTERN COUNTRIES. IN AD-
DITION, THE ENTIRE CAST, IMAS THREATENED WITH ARREST.
THE DISSIDENTS THEMSELVES HAVE SOUGHT TO-SUPPRESS
THE STORY, APPARENTLY SATISFIED THIS TIME WITH
THEIR MODEST SHOW OF RESISTANCE. {CONFIDENTIAL}M
4. ROMANIA: PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU TOOK ADVANTAGE OF LE DUAN'S
0143IDI 13 gas HE III so milamen ma 113113 so
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-VISIT TO ROMANIA FN OM NOVEMBER 13 TO 17 TO ASSERT
ONCE MORE BUCHAREST'S DETERMINATION TO PURSUE ITS
INDEPENDENT POLICIES, FREE FROM SOVIET INTERFERENCE- Y
IN HIS TOAST TO LE DIJAN ON NOVEMBER 17, CEAU-
SESCU DECLARED THAT HIS PARTY SEEKS CLOSER RELATIONS
WITH ALL COMMUNIST AND WORKERS PARTIES, THUS IMPLI-
CITLY INCLUDING 'filE CHINESE. HE ALSO SAID THAT RO-
MANIA WANTS TO STRENGTHEN SOCIALIST UNITY BY STRESSING
THE EQUAL RIGHTS OF ALL PARTIES, NONJ,NTERFERENCE IN
INTERNAL AFFAIRS, AND RESPECT FOR EVERY PARTY'S RIGHT
INDEPENDENTLY TO ESTABLISH ITS POLITICAL LINE IN KEEP-
ING WITH THE REALITIES OF ITS OWN SITUATION.Y
CEAUSESCU WENT ON TO SAY THAT RESPECT FOR IN-
DEPENDENCE IN PARTY AFFAIRS MUST ALSO APPLY TO STATE
RELATIONS. HE INVOKED THE SPIRIT OF HELSINKI TO
PROMOTE SOME FAVORITE THEMES--ELIMINATION OF FOREIGN
MILITARY BASES, WITHDRAWAL OF ALL TROOPS WITHIN NA-
TIONAL BORDERS,. AND THE DISCONTINUANCE OF MILITARY
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IN AN ALLUSION TO BUCHAREST'S LONG STRUGGLE
AGAINST SOVIET HEGEMONY, CEAUSESCU LAUDED THE NORTH
VIETNAMESE FOR DEMONSTRATING THAT A PEOPLE'S DETER-
MINATION TO DEFEND THEIR NATIONAL INTERESTS AND
THEIR "SACRED RI6IIT" TO DEVELOP ALONG THE ROAD OF
SOCIALISM CAN CARPY THEM TO VICTORY NO MATTER WHAT
THE ODDS OR THE SACRIFICES.Y
LE DUAN'S VISIT, WHICH CAME ON THE EVE OF THE
LATEST ROUND OF PREPARATORY TALKS IN EAST BERLIN FOR
A EUROPEAN COMMUNIST CONFERENCE, GAVE CEAUSESCU AN
IDEAL OPPORTUNITY TO DRIVE HOME BASIC ROMANIAN POSI-
TIONS. PARTY SEC"ETARY STEFAN ANDREI WILL PRESS THE
CEAUSESCU LINE DURING THE CURRENT DELIBERATIONS IN
THE EAST GERMAN CAPITAL. {CONFIDENTIAL}Y
5. ROMANIA; BUCHAREST REPORTEDLY BELIEVES THAT THE
OF SYRIAN PRIME MINISTER AYYUBI LAST WEEK WENT "MUCH
BETTER THAN EXPECTED-"Y
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IN AN EFFORT TO PUT THE BEST FACE POSSIBLE ON
THE VISIT, BOTH SIDES PUT ASIDE BILATERAL DIFFERENCES
ON A NUMBER OF PROBLEMS-ARAB ANNOYANCE WITH ROMANIA'S
ABSENCE FROM THE UN DURING.;~THE VOTE ON ANTI-ZIONISM,
THE ARAB BOYCOTT OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL AIRLINE
TAROM, AND THE PRESENCE OF ROMANIAN CARGO ON BOARD
THE FIRST SHIP TO PASS THROUGH THE SUEZ CANAL EN
ROUTE TO ISRAEL. MEDIA COVERAGE CENTERED ON THE
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE TALKS, BUT RECENT ROMANIAN
EFFORTS TO PLAY A PEACE-MAKING ROLE IN THE MIDDLE
EAST UNDOUBTEDLY WORKED THEIR WAY INTO THE AGENDA.
AYYUBI ARRIVED WITH A LONG LIST OF COMPLAINTS
ABOUT PAST ROMANIAN-SYRIAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS, AC-
CORDING TO THE EGYPTIAN AMBASSADOR IN BUCHAREST.
- THE EGYPTIAN ALSO ASSERTED THAT PRESIDENT SADAT
WARNED AYYUBI TO AVOID BEING DRAJN INTO A POLITICAL
DISCUSSION WITH CEAUSESCU.Y
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SIGNED BY ROMANIAN AND THE MORE MILITANT ARABS.
THERE IS, FOR EXAMPLE, NO REFERENCE TO "GUARAN-
TEEING THE SECURITY OF ALL STATES" IN THE MIDDLE
EAST. THE COMMUNIQUE DOES } HOWEVER, CONTAIN ONE
APPARENT CONCESSION TO Bt;CHAREST--A SYRIAN PLEDGE TO
ASSIST ROMANIAN EFFORTS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE NON-
ALIGNED MOVEMENT "IN APPROPRIATE FORMS." DAMASCUS
HAD REPORTEDLY OPPOSED PREVIOUS ROMANIAN EFFORTS TO
ESTABLISH FORMAL TIES TO THE NONALIGNED. {CONFIDENTIAL]Y
6. ALBANIA: fIIE WIDESPREAD PURGES THAT ARE REPORTEDLY
SWEEPING THE ALBANIAN BUREAUCRACY HAVE EVIDENTLY NOT
AFFECTED THE TOP PARTY LEADERSHIP. ON NOVEMBER 17,
A SPECIAL SESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY MET TO
DRAFT A NEW CONSTITUTION. ALL POLITBURO MEMBERS
WERE PRESENT, INCLUDING PARTY CHIEF ENVER HOXHA--WHO
IS STILL POLITICALLY VERY ACTIVE DESPI.TE WHATEVER
AILMENTS HE MAY HAVE.Y
OPENING SPEECHES AT THE ASSEMBLY SESSION STRONG-
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LY SUGGEST THAT HOXHA WILL OBTAIN RATIFICATION OF THE
REFORM MEASURES HE HAD APPARENTLY ADOPTED IN ORDER
TO STRENGTHEN H'[S OWN AND THE PARTY'S HOLD OVER THE
GOVERNMENT'S ADMINISTRATIV.,APPARATUS AND TO REDUCE
EXCESSIVE BUREAUCRACY.Y
ON THE EVE hF THE SESSION THE PARTY'S OFFICIAL
PAPER, ZERI I POPULLIT, PUBLISHED A LEAD EDITORIAL
WRITTEN BY RAMIZ ALIA, THE ALBANIAN PARTY'S CHIEF
IDEOLOGICAL SPOKESPIAN. ALIA'S RINGING ENDORSEMENT
OF HOXHA'S POLICIES CLEARLY SIGNALED TO THE PARTY
FAIT1FUL THAT RE6ARDLESS OF THEIR UNSETTLING EFFECT
ON DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY THE RECENT PERSONNEL
CHANGES HAVE THE ENDORSEMENT OF TOP LEADERS. {CON-
FIDENTIAL}Y E-2, ZMPDET.rl
SDO DDODO
DA NOVEMBER 2LI 1-175
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