STAFF NOTES: WESTERN EUROPE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000500040024-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 31, 2005
• Sequence Number: 24
• Publication Date: July 21, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

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Prospects for Progress in Cypriot
Talks Dim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
European Court May "Try" Three
EC Members. 3
Bonn Moves Toward Closer African Ties . . . . . 5
CSCE Summit Set After Long
Negotiating Session 6
MBFR Talks Muddle Along 8
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Prospects for Progress in Cypriot Talks Dim
Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders have indi-
cated their readiness to hold a third round of
intercommunal talks in Vienna on Thursday but the
prospects for progress are dim.
Greek Cypriot negotiator Clerides has already
rejected Turkish Cypriot negotiator Denktash's pro-
posals for a joint provisional government that were
made public last Saturday. Clerides, with the
backing of both Athens and Archbishop Makarios,
claimed that the proposal: were aimed at abolish-
ing the government of Cyprus and pre-judged a final
settlement by their allusion to a bi-regional
federation and equal representation of the two
communities in the provisional government.
Denktash claimed that his proposals, which
called for control by the provisional central gov-
ernment of foreign affairs, finance, communications
and health, could build mutu confidence and trust
between the two communities.
Another setback to the negotiations is likely
to occur should Denktash implement a threat he
made on Sunday to resume the. mass expulsion of
Greek Cypriots front the north if his kinsmen in
the south are not allowed to leave the Greek
Cypriot zone.
According to the US embassy in Nicosia,
Makarios is not likely to yield to Denktash's de-
mand. The expulsion of Greek Cypriots would
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further tarnish Turkey's international image and
advance the internationalization of the Cyprus
problem which Makarios is intent on doing if
there is no progress in Vienna.
Any progress will now hinge on the nature of
the Turkish proposals for a Cypriot central govern-
ment that will be presented prior to or in the
course of the Vienna talks.
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European Court May "Try" Three EC Members
The EC Commission has advised France, Belgium
and Germany that they have violated the Rome Treaty
by signing the proposed UN convention to regulate
liner shipping that spells out how signatories would
share shipping cargo between developed and develop-
ing countrie3. Although efforts will presumably
be made to avoid recourse to the community's Court
of Justice, this is the direction in which the
matter is now heading. A court case would be a
major test of member-states sovereignty versus
community authority.
The Commission's action has been expected.
The three members, at a Council meeting late last
month, reiterated their intention to sign now
despite strenuous UK objections and the fact that
the EC is trying to work out a common policy on
possible eventual ratification of the code. Paris,
Brussels and Bonn are expected to respond to the
charges after the August vacation period and the EC
Commission will probably then follow through on
its earlier warning to turn the controversy over
to the European Court for decision.
The Court would have to decide if the members
have violated specific treaty provisions against
trade discrimination and restrictions on the freedom
of member-state firms to operate under equal
conditions within the EC. A separate question for
the Court is whether the signatories have infringed
the EC treaty provision that "member states shall,
in respect of all matters of particular interest to
the Common Market, proceed within the framework of
international organizations of an economic character
only by common action."
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The legal procedures which must be followed
are very slow and a decision by the Court would
probably not be forthcoming for many months after
the matter is submitted for adjudication. Never-
theless, should the Court decide in favor of the
Commission, this would represent a milestone in
the development of the EC. Such a ruling.would
reaffirm a strict circumscription by the community
o the member states' sovereignty with regard to
international economic agreements.
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Bonn Moves Toward Closer African Ties
Bonn has recently underscored its desire
to strengthen ties with black African states
by sending Foreign Minister Genscher and Minister
of State Wischnewski on well-publicized visits
to a number of these countries. Genscher's visit
to Liberia, Ghana, Zambia, and Malawi coincided
with the Wischnewski mission to seven OPEC and
developing countries, including Zaire and Algeria.
Both visits demonstrate Bonn's desire to
improve North-South relations and to reach
cooperative agreements on raw materials policies.
Capital aid and technical assistance agreements
ware signed with Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal,
and Zaire. The Germans received no assurances,
however, of African support for Bonn's opposition
to commodity indexation schemes.
Figuring prominently in the discussions ~-ac
German policy toward the white-ruled states of south-
ern Africa. Black African leaders pressed Bonn to
use its economic leverage to bring about social and
political change in the region.
Genscher's travels may shore up his standing
in the government. Earlier,the German press was
fond of suggesting that the importance in policy-
making of Genscher, who is also chairman of the
coalition Free Democrats, has been diminished by
Chancellor Schmidt's activity and most recently
by former chancellor Brandt's well-publicized
trip to Moscow. Nevertheless, Genscher's self-
confidence in foreign affairs is increasing; he
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has been in the forefront of
push to influence EC policy,
the Free Dem
and this tri
ocratic
p is likel
to reinforce that trend.
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CSCE Summit Set After Long Negotiating Session
Negotiators at the European security con-
ference reached agreement on military confidence-
building measures and several other issues early
Saturday morning following a marathon negotiating
session. The agreements made it possible for
them to announce July 30 as the opening date for
a three-day summit in Helsinki, invo].ving 35 heads
of government who will sign the declaration adopted
at the conference.
Agreement on confidence-building measures
was reached after the Turks, pressed by their
NATO allies, dropped many of their demands for
special. treatment. The Turks agreed to give
advance notification of maneuvers within a 250-
kilometer zone along their borders after a com-
promise was worked out--to which Cyprus objected
strongly--stating that notification need not be
given in areas "contiguous to" borders with non-
participating states, thus exempting eastern
and southern Turkey.
The Soviets held out until the last hour
for a mention of the "irreversibility of detente"
in the final document, but finally agreed to a
formulation substituting the words "make continuing
and lasting" for "irreversibility." The Soviets
also tacitly agreed to allow Italian Prime Minister
Moro to sign the declaration twice--on behalf of
the EC as well as Italy.
In Helsinki, preparations for the summit
are proceeding at a hectic pace. The Finns
expect 900 delegates and thousands of support
personnel. They have begun elaborate security
preparations.
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The order of speakers was determined by lot
in Geneva; a time limit of 20 minutes has been
placed on each speaker. British Prime Minister
Wilson will be the first to address the conference;
in scope than the force reductions talks in Vienna.
General Secretary Brezhnev will be thirteenth;
and President Ford will be twenty-sixth.
The NATO allies may consider later this week
whether there is any substance to tentative indi-
cations that Moscow may follow the security con-
ference with renewed emphasis on disarmament
negotiations. A ranking French foreign ministry
official has told the US embassy in Paris that
his government expects Moscow to promote a world
disarmament conference and to begin pushing for
European regional disarmament negotiations broader
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14BFR Talks Muddle Along
The force reduction talks in Vienna have ad-
journed until September, with a twenty-month dead-
lock left unbroken. Once the European security
conference has been concluded, Western representatives
hope that some progress can be made in the next round
by the introduction of Option III--the West's nuclear
proposal. The nuclear proposal calls for the with-
drawal of some US nuclear warheads and delivery
systems in Western Europe in return for a reduction
of Soviet armored forces in Eastern Europe.
Little new ground was broken during the most
recent session of the talks. The West continued to
press the East to accept a reduction in Soviet
ground forces and a common ceiling for both Warsaw
Pact and NATO ground forces in Central Europe. The
Soviets continued to criticize the asymmetrical ap-
proach advocated by the West, and demanded that the
scope of the negotiations be broadened to include
reductions of air and nuclear forces. They also
continued to insist that the West European partici-
pants accept limitations on their forces from the
outset.
The Western negotiators pressed the East to
exchange data concerning their forces, but the East
agreed only to discuss how these forces should be
defined in order to distinguish ground from air
forces. No agreement was reached on definitions.
The West also presented a revised proposal intended
to protect the security of the so-called flank states--
Turkey, Italy, Denmark and Norway--but the Soviet re-
action to this was predictably cool.
The real focus of Western activity was at NATO
headquarters in Brussels, where the Allies had
thorough discussions of the nuclear option. Their
talks centered on:
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--anticipated demands by the Warsaw Pact
for restraints on US tanks and European
armaments,
--the timing and extent of i possible second
phase of reductions-involving European man-
power and armaments,
--NATO demands for a Soviet commitment in the
first phase of reductions to an. "illustrative
common ceiling" of 700,000 men,
--the possible inclusion of air as well as
ground forces in discussions of manpower
reductions and a common ceiling, and
--the extent to which these proposals should
be linked together and the appropriate time
to introduce each in Vienna.
Some of the allies, particularly the UK and
West Germany, are extremely sensitive to any pro-
posals involving limitations on Allied weaponry.
Bonn might accept some restraints on manpower but
has virtually ruled out any limitations on West
German armaments.
The UK is insisting that the West require a
Soviet commitment to a specifically enumerated com-
mon ceding in the first phase. They are also
dubious that current plans to replace UK aircraft
can be accommodated under Option III. Negotiations
in Brussels are expected to continue throughout this
month and possibly August. F_ I
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