TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87T00685R000100130002-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 16, 2011
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: May 6, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
Terrorism Review
6 May 1985
Sccrct
GI TR TR 85-009
6 May 1985
Copy 519
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Terrorism Reviem
6 May 1985
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Focus?Prospects for Palestinian Terrorism
Highlights
The LARF Enigma
Israel: Fatah Seaborne Terrorist Operation Intercepted
Peru: The Continuing Sendero Luminoso Challenge
The Terrorism Diary for June
Chronology of Terrorism-1985
This review is published every other week by the Directorate of Intelligence.
Appropriate articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other
agencies of the US Intelligence Community will be considered for publication.
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Terrorism Review
6 May 1985
Focus Prospects for Palestinian Terrorism
Palestinian terrorists were responsible for about 30 percent of the international
terrorist incidents of Middle East origin we recorded during the past year:
? Terrorist operations inside Israel and the occupied territories increased
significantly over the level observed in 1983, with virtually every Palestinian
group claiming credit for at least one attack.
? Terrorist attacks by Syrian-sponsored Palestinian groups in Europe also were up;
Jordanian interests were the primary target.
? Intra-Palestinian conflicts, particularly the split within the PLO, continued to
generate sporadic terrorist violence.
Palestinian terrorism involving these targets is unlikely to subside in the near term.
US facilities and personnel have not been targeted by any PLO group, whether
pro- or anti-Arafat, in recent years. Two Palestinian groups outside the PLO?the
Syrian-backed Abu Nidal Group and the Iraq-based 15 May Organization?did
attack US interests in 1984 and continue to pose a dangerous threat.
anti-American operations would be a likely factor in any
decision by Arafat or anti-Arafat groups to expand their terrorist operations in an
effort to force the international community to deal with their grievances.
Fatah's Restraint
The supporters of PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat continue to adhere to the PLO's
decadelong ban on international terrorism, although they still carry out attacks
against civilian and military targets in Israel and the occupied territories.
Palestinians refer to these attacks as the "armed struggle to liberate the
homeland" and do not consider them to be terrorism. Virtually all Arab nations
endorse the so-called armed struggle.
Palestinian groups launched more than 50 attacks in Israel or the occupied
territories in 1984. Fatah or other pro-Arafat cells inside the occupied territories
probably were responsible for at least some of these attacks. In most cases,
however, we have been unable to determine the exact perpetrators. Sometimes,
several Palestinian groups claim responsibility for the same incident in an effort to
demonstrate their dedication to the anti-Zionist cause and their continued
capability to operate inside Israeli territory. At times the true perpetrators will not
claim responsibility, so as not to reveal their operational infrastructure or prompt
Israeli reprisals against their bases outside Israel.
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GI TR 85-009
6 May 1985
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Just last month, the Israeli Navy sank a ship carrying 28 Fatah guerrillas
from bases in Algeria. Interrogation of the eight survivors indicated they planned
attacks in central Israel,
The assassinations last December of two PLO officials Ismail Darwish in Rome
and Fahd al-Qawasmeh in Amman?almost certainly conducted by Syrian-backed
Palestinian opponents of Arafat, raised the possibility of retaliatory attacks by
Fatah against radical Palestinian targets in Europe. There were some indications
early in 1985 that Fatah officials were planning retaliatory assassinations against
pro-Syrian Palestinians and possibly against Syrian officials as well. ,
West Berlin police arrested several Arabs
traveling under false passports who were suspected of planning attacks against
opponents of Fatah in Europe.
Syrian-Based PLO Groups
All the anti-Arafat PLO groups are based in Syria or Syrian-controlled territory in
Lebanon. From these locations they can infiltrate teams into Israel or the West
Bank, either directly or through Jordan, and provide support to terrorist cells
already in place. We believe that most of the Palestinian terrorist incidents in
Israeli-controlled territory were the work of these radical Palestinians.
The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) claimed credit for
two of the most notable attacks. The first was a grenade attack in a Jerusalem
store last February that wounded 21. Then, in April, three DFLP terrorists
attacked shoppers on a crowded street in Jerusalem with automatic weapons and
handgrenades. Forty-eight persons were wounded before the terrorists were
overpowered.
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Most of the Palestinian attacks against Israel were like the February incident
small bombs or grenades left in places where Israeli civilians congregate. In the
last year there was also a resurgence of a type of attack common before the Israeli
invasion of Lebanon: Katyusha rockets fired at Israeli border settlements. At least
10 such attacks occurred in the last 12 months. The Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the Popular Struggle Front (PSF) claimed
credit for some of them.
The Palestine National Salvation Front
Until March 1985, the Syrian-based Palestinians were divided into two loose
coalitions: the Democratic Alliance composed of the PFLP, the DFLP, the Front
for the Liberation of Palestine (FLP), and the Palestinian Communist Party; and
the National Alliance composed of Abu Musa's Fatah splinter group, the
PFLP?General Command, the PSF, and Saiqa. The Democratic Alliance favored
a return to a collective leadership of the PLO in which Arafat agreed to act only
on the basis of a general consensus of leaders. It opposed the demands of the more
extreme National Alliance to remove Arafat as head of the PLO and to continue
the armed struggle against Fatah. The Hussein-Arafat agreement to develop a
joint PLO-Jordanian peace initiative was opposed both by Syria and by the two
radical Palestinian coalitions, and led to the formation of a new grouping called
the Palestine National Salvation Front (PNSF).
Created at the urging of Damascus, the PNSF proposes to undermine the Arafat-
Hussein accord. The new grouping is widely viewed among Palestinians outside
Syria as a Syrian proxy without an independent base of support among the
Palestinian people. The decision of the PFLP after Fatah, the most influential
PLO group to join the PNSF lends the coalition only limited additional
credibility. With the PFLP's abandonment of the Democratic Alliance, Arafat
may redouble his efforts to reconcile with the DFLP, the only important PLO
group that remains uncommitted on the split within the PLO.
Disagreements among the PNSF member groups probably will limit their ability
to coordinate an effective terrorist or political program that would dissuade Arafat
from his current diplomatic endeavors
Groups Outside the PLO
Of the three radical Palestinian groups that are not members of the PLO (and thus
not constrained by Arafat's ban on international terrorism), the Abu Nidal Group
is the most dangerous because of its tightly knit organization, its infrastructure in
Europe, its long record of successful?and lethal?operations, and its willingness
to attack US interests. The group has been based in Syria since its expulsion from
Iraq in the fall of 1983.
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The group's independent status, however, may have been
weakened by the continuing serious illness of its founder, Sabri al-Banna (Abu
Nidal), and Syria may now exercise considerable influence over the group's
operational decision making. For example, the Abu Nidal Group is the leading
suspect in the murder of a Jordanian diplomat in Romania last December, which
was the first of a series of anti-Jordanian attacks in Europe following the meeting
of the Palestinian National Congress in Amman last November.
The Abu Nidal Group poses a direct threat to US interests. It claimed credit for
the bomb that wounded two US citizens in the square located between the
Intercontinental Hotel and the US Embassy in Amman on 24 March 1984, as well
as for two bombs defused near British facilities on the same day.
In an interview with a French
journalist in February, an individual claimin to be Sabri al-Banna threatened to
conduct new attacks on US interests.
In February, Abu Musa's Fatah splinter group and the Abu Nidal Group
announced the formation of a joint command, the ultimate goal of which is to
achieve a merger of the two groups by midyear. Given the ideological and personal
differences between them, however, we doubt a true merger will take place.
The Baghdad-based 15 May Organization remains of concern because of the
sophistication and lethality of its previous operations. After the failure of several
attempts to place bombs on commercial airliners flying to or from Israel in the first
half of 1984, the group apparently stopped trying. The group's operations may
have been constrained by Baghdad out of a desire to avoid being charged with
providing support for terrorism.
There is no evidence to indicate that the PFLP?Special Command (PFLP-SC) has
carried out any terrorist operations since the 1981 car bomb outside a synagogue
in Antwerp. The group remains based in South Yemen, where it probably still
maintains several training facilities.
In August 1984, Zaki Hilalu, the PFLP-SC military chief, was wounded by
unidentified gunmen in Spain. We do not know why he was in Spain.
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Highlights
Western Europe
Key Indicators
Palestinian Terrorist Apparatus Uncovered
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for the Liberation of Palestine (FLP) has set up a support network to conduct
terrorist operations against Israeli targets in Western Europe. Key elements of the
network are reportedly located in Vienna, Strasbourg, and Paris. An FLP member
named Farad?who has tentatively been identified as Farad Makrawi, an FLP
member residing in Tunis?is in charge of this apparatus. 25X1
Italy Red Brigades Threat to US or NATO Official
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Red Brigades activists may be 25X1
targeting a US or NATO official in Naples. the attack 25X1
may be timed to coincide with the regional and local elections on 12 May,
although the plotters themselves had not specified a time frame. The Red Brigades
recently assassinated an Italian university professor in Rome. 25X1
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GI TR 85-009
6 May 1985
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Greece
El Salvador
Philippines
US Military Facilities Under Surveillance?
US military facilities in Greece have reported three separate instances of possible
surveillance by unknown "dark-complected" individuals. Greek gate guards at the
Nea Makri Naval Communications Station reported two men and a woman
photographed the installation on 4 April. On the same day, three men
photographed JUSMAAG personnel as they left the Athens headquarters. On the
evening of 10 April, three men on a motorcycle were observed apparently watching
the home of the US defense attache. Police traced the rented cycle to a Colombian
but have not apprehended him. The Greek press has picked up the story, reporting
that an American official is being stalked by three unidentified killers.
Captures of Leaders Set Back Insurgents
Guerrilla plans to intensify terrorism in San Salvador have been hurt by the
capture of key urban commanders.
those captured include the chief of the Metropolitan Front of the Popular
Liberation Forces (FPL)?one of the two largest guerrilla factions?who has
claimed to control 200 full-time operatives in the capital.
The Metro Front's chief of logistics also was arrested
In addition, the National Guard arrested a local labor leader said to be a rebel
agent in an agricultural union. In another blow, the guerrillas have publicly
as captured in central El Salvador.
she represented one of the five rebel factions
uring t e rst rouns o peace talks in October.
The arrests suggest that government security forces are becoming more adept at
penetrating insurgent cells.
The arrests also tend to support previous reporting that the guerrillas ma
have infiltrated some 400 terrorists into the capital over the last few months.
Alleged Communist Plans for Violence in Manila
The Communist Party of the Philippines and its military wing, the New People's
Army (NPA) are reportedly poised to begin a terrorism campaign in the capital
beginning in May or June. As part of this effort, the NPA is said to be targeting
several buildings in Manila?including the US Consular Office?and planning to
activate two assassination squads.
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The NPA has carried out bombings and assassinations in Davao and Zamboanga
in the last year, and we believe the group has now developed the capability for
similar attacks in Manila. The insurgents have avoided engaging in terrorism in
Manila in the past, however, and violent action there would represent a change in
strategy. The NPA has also refrained from attacking American targets for many
years, and it is likely to focus any initial attacks on Philippine Government
officials and buildings.
Significant Developments
Cofounder of FRG Neo-Nazi Terrorist Group Arrested
On 13 April in Paris, authorities arrested leading neo-Nazi terrorist Odfried Hepp.
Hepp had been associated with the banned West German extreme rightwing
Hoffman Military Sports Group. In 1982, along with Walther Kexel (who
committed suicide in prison last month), Hepp founded a small rightwing terrorist
group that came to be known as the Kexel-Hepp Group. In addition to robbing
banks, it conducted several bombing attacks against US military personnel in
West Germany. It also advocated joining forces with leftwing extremists to
eradicate US influence in West Germany. Five of its six members were arrested in
1983, and only Hepp had remained at large. Hepp is being held in Paris pending
extradition proceedings.
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Israel
More Sentences Handed Down Against Jewish Terrorists
On 17 April, David Ben-Shimol was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder
and attempted murder. This is the stiffest sentence given to a Jewish terrorist to
date. Ben-Shimol, a former sergeant in the Israeli Defense Forces, was convicted
of firing a rocket into an Arab bus last October and of throwing a grenade into an
Arab cafe in Jerusalem last September. One Arab passenger was killed in the
rocket attack.
On 18 April, three other convicted Jewish terrorists received sentences of
imprisonment ranging between two and three years for participation in the attempt
to blow up the Dome of the Rock mosque in Jerusalem in February 1984. The
Jerusalem District Court sentenced Dan Been i to five years in prison, with two
years suspended, for planning the attack and for possessing and transporting
weapons. Yosef Edri was sentenced to 40 months in jail, with 15 months
suspended, for helping to commit a felony and for possessing arms and explosives.
Finally, Uri Maier received a 30-month prison term, with six months suspended,
for belonging to a terrorist organization, attempting to cause serious damage, and
possessing and transporting arms.
Bahrain
Iranian-Sponsored Subversion on the Rise
Iranian-sponsored dissident groups are broadening their activities in Bahrain.
Increasing numbers of Bahraini Shias reportedly are going to Iran, Syria, or
Lebanon for training at Iran's behest. A number of these Shias have returned from
such training in the last two years.
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Colombia
El Salvador
Sri Lanka
Criminal Court Justice Assassinated in Medellin
Justice Alvaro Medina Ochoa was gunned down outside his residence on the night
of 8 April by two men on a motorcycle. Medina had been repeatedly threatened by
reputed narcotics traffickers because of his investigations into the drug trade.
Medina was the eighth judicial official killed in the past 12 months. Most of the
victims were prosecutors or judges and almost all were shot by assassins on
motorcycles.
Guerrillas Dressed as Government Soldiers Attack Hamlet
On 8 April, about 300 guerrillas dressed in uniforms of the El Salvadoran Armed
Forces entered the small village of Santa Cruz Loma and executed off-duty
members of the civil defense forces. A total of 21 people were killed or missing,
including four children who were burned to death. Leaflets and graffiti left at the
scene indicate that the Popular Liberation Forces of the Farabundo Marti
National Liberation Front conducted the attack in order to neutralize the town's
15-man civil defense unit. The attack was probably also intended as a warning to
other villages in the area not to cooperate with government troops.
Muslims Murdered by Tamil Terrorists
On 9 April, Tamil insurgents killed three members of the Muslim minority
suspected of cooperating with government security forces. Two were killed while
praying in a mosque. This incident, and rumors of further violence against
members of the Muslim community, sparked riots that left between 20 and 30
Tamils dead and more than 12,000 homeless. Sinhalese youths reportedly helped
organize the Muslim riots. Security forces did little to prevent anti-Tamil violence
and may have actually aided the rioters.
The small but influential Tamil-speaking Muslim community composes
approximately 6 percent of the Sri Lankan population. It has tried to stay out of
the island's increasingly brutal communal strife.
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Sudan
Libyan Subversive Activity Intensifies After Coup
Libya has begun to infiltrate Sudanese
dissidents and money into Sudan and has activated agents in place in preparation
for subversive and possibly terrorist activity. Although some Libyan agents were
picked up while trying to infiltrate through Egypt the day after the coup, others
who reportedly plan to enter on flights from Syria may have greater success.
The US Embassy is concerned that the vulnerability of US interests has increased,
both because Sudan's internal security organization is in disarray, and because
large numbers of Sudanese dissidents formerly backed by Libya were released
from jail along with other political prisoners of the old regime. Some of these
dissidents targeted US interests in the past.
Central African Republic Oppositionists Planning To Target Chadian Diplomats
South Africa
Libyan-backed Chadian
dissidents reportedly conducted several terrorist operations in the Central African
Republic during the last year.
South African Rebel Group Suffers Serious Setbacks
The arrest of a high-ranking Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) leader in South
Africa in March and the forced retreat of many of the group's members from
Lesotho in early April have further diminished the already weak capabilities of the
group. Zimbabwe has agreed to facilitate arms transfers to PAC elements in
Botswana for infiltration into South Africa. Neither Botswana nor Zimbabwe,
however, will allow the group to run operations out of their countries.
The PAC has been unable to launch a military campaign comparable to that of its
larger and more powerful archrival, the ANC. Nevertheless, the group believes it
will be ready to commence armed attacks inside South Africa by early 1986.
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The LARF Enigma
The Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF)
is among the most lethal terrorist organizations
operating in Europe. Its virulent anti-American, anti-
Zionist orientation has made the group the scourge of
American and Israeli diplomats in France. The
LARF probably has been responsible for at least eight
attacks against US and Israeli targets on the
continent since late 1981, killing five persons and
wounding four.
The composition and organization of the LARF
remained largely unknown until late 1984, when
Italian and French security forces arrested three
members of the group. Subsequent investigations
revealed the identities of many LARF members,
Although these counterterrorist successes would seem
to have impaired the LARF's ability to conduct
operations in Europe, its aggressive anti-American,
anti-Zionist posture makes it a continuing threat to
US and Israeli interests there and in the Middle East.
Moreover, because of their arrests of LARF suspects,
Italy and France have also been threatened by the
group.
The LARF Record
The LARF's known operations in Europe to date have
consisted of firearm and bomb attacks against US and
Israeli diplomatic targets. The organization first came
to light in France when the "Lebanese Armed
Revolutionary Faction?Salah al-Masri group"
claimed responsibility for the attempted assassination
of US Charge Christian Chapman in Paris on 12
November 1981. Attackers using the same nom de
guerre claimed credit for the murder of US assistant
defense attache Charles Ray, who was shot on a Paris
street on 18 January 1982. Since then, the LARF has
claimed responsibility for the following attacks:
? On 31 March 1982 in Paris, three masked men fired
automatic weapons at the Israeli Consulate. No
casualties resulted, and damage was minimal.
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? On 3 April 1982 in Paris, Israeli diplomat Yaacov
Bar Simantov was murdered by a female assailant
with a handgun in the lobby of his apartment house.
? On 21 August 1982 in Paris, US Commercial
Counselor Roderick Grant was the target of an
attempted car bombing. The bomb was spotted by a
passerby who called police. Two members of a
French bomb disposal unit were killed as they tried 25X1
to disarm the device.
? On 17 September 1982 in Paris, Amos Manel, a
member of the Israeli Defense Purchasing Mission,
and two other men were seriously wounded when a
bomb attached to their vehicle exploded.
? On 15 February 1984 in Rome, Leamon R. Hunt,
Director General of the Multi-National Observer
Force for the Camp David Accords, was shot and
killed outside his home.'
? On 26 March 1984 in Strasbourg, US Consul
General Robert Homme was wounded by a man
who fired a pistol at him as he sat in his vehicle.
' The Red Brigades has also claimed responsibility for this attack.
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Palestinian Connections
When the LARF surfaced in Europe in 1981, many
observers suspected it was an offshoot of one of the
many Palestinian terrorist organizations. The group
does have some Palestinian connections. George
Abdallah, for example, joined the Popular Front for
the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in 1969. At the
same time, he and several other future members of
the LARF also joined the Arab Socialist Action
Party, a Communist-oriented organization composed
of Lebanese members of the PFLP. They were also
active in the Syrian Socialist National Party.
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The PFLP-SC is based in the People's Democratic
Republic of Yemen, with cells in Baghdad and
Kuwait, and reportedly maintains a presence in
Lebanon. The group, which has not claimed credit for
any attacks since October 1981, portrays itself as the
elite vanguard of the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary
movement an ideology apparently compatible with
that of the LARF.
The PFLP-SC
carried out bombings against Jewish and moderate
Arab targets in widely separated countries, but never
attacked an American target. Moreover, the group
appears to have been in some disarray for the past
several years. The LARF, conversely, holds the
United States responsible for Israeli intervention in
Lebanon, and has focused primarily on American
diplomatic targets throughout its existence.
European Ties
The LARF may also be linked to European terrorists
who share its Marxist-Leninist ideology.
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The weapon used in the attack on the Israeli
Consulate was later recovered by French police in an
Action Directe arms cache. Moreover, a communique
allegedly written by the LARF was printed in a
publishing house regularly used by the French group.
It is probable that LARF?Action Directe contacts
were maintained through Frederich Oriach, who has
been identified as belonging to the "international
faction" of Action Directe.
Both the LARF and the Red Brigades claimed
responsibility for the Hunt assassination, but there is
not enough evidence to implicate either group
conclusively, whether individually or jointly. This is
the only terrorist attack in Italy for which the LARF
claimed credit, but the tactics were more typical of a
Red Brigades operation. The assailant used an assault
rifle, an unusual weapon for the LARF. On the other
hand, the LARF is believed to have maintained a
safehouse in Italy, and some members of the group
are known to have been in Rome on the day Hunt was
killed although they apparently departed for
Lebanon before the murder.
Counterterrorist Successes Unravel Mystery
It was not until August 1984, when Italian police in
Trieste arrested a man identified as Abdallah al-
Mansuri, that security forces in Western Europe
began to obtain solid information about the LARF.
Police investigations following the Mansuri arrest
linked him to several other Lebanese?Josephine
Abdu, "Abd-al-Qadir Sa'di," and Firyal Dahir. Dahir
was traveling with Mansuri at the time of his arrest,
but she avoided arrest.
French police in Lyon arrested "Sa'di" in October,
initially charging him with carrying forged passports
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and associating with known criminals. During
interrogation he called himself "Alex" and told
French police that he, Mansuri, and Dahir were
members of a terrorist group called the
"Revolutionary Movement of the Arab Union," which
attacked US and Israeli targets in Arab countries on
behalf of the PLO. Sa'di was later identified as
George Ibrahim Abdallah, and police suspect that he
was in Lyon preparing to attack the US Consulate
there. They also discovered that Abdallah held a joint
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Israelis now believe is the woman who killed Bar
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In December 1984, Italian police arrested Josephine
Abdu at the Rome airport. She probably was
traveling through Europe closing down LARF
safehouses in several locations. Abdu remains under
arrest in Italy, and the Italians have announced plans
to try her and Mansuri beginning in May. Firyal
Dahir and Jacqueline Esber will be tried in absentia
at the same time.
In response to these arrests, the LARF earlier this
year threatened "bloody reprisals" against France
and Italy if the three "armed strugglers" were not
released. On 25 March the director of the French
Cultural Center in Tripoli was kidnaped. A
handwritten communique delivered to a news agency
office in Beirut claimed that members of the LARF
had "arrested" the diplomat and "would not be
responsible for his safety" unless France released
their comrade Abdallah. The director was later
released unharmed,
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On 1 April, however, French police achieved the most 25x1
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LARF. By examining the transactions recorded in
Abdallah's Swiss bank account, they were able to
locate a Paris safehouse used by the group. In the 25X1
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weapon, according to ballistic tests, that had been
used to kill both Ray and Bar Simantov. The police
also recovered a number of documents on individuals
associated with the LARF, and the new evidence has
led the French to charge Abdallah with complicity in
several of the LARF attacks in France. His fate, like
that of Mansuri and Abdu in Italy, now rests in the
hands of judicial authorities.
Many questions remain to be answered about the
LARF. Little is known, for example, about the size or
organization of the group, how it is financed, and
about whether it receives support from any of the
Arab states. There are a number of tantalizing
allegations that the LARF may be connected to other
international movements, such as the Carlos Apparat.
The recent arrests probably reduce the immediate
threat of violence from the LARF. Most, if not all, of
the hardcore members probably have now returned to
Lebanon. If they wish to resume operations in
Western Europe, they will need to establish a new
base there. Even after its losses, however, the LARF
remains a dangerous foe of US, Israeli, and Jewish
interests in the Mediterranean littoral. The French
and Italians also remain at risk as long as they
continue to hold LARF members, and their diplomats
in Lebanon are especially vulnerable.
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Israel: Fatah Seaborne
Terrorist Operation Intercepted
Israeli authorities recently stymied an attempt by
Palestinian terrorists to enter Israel by sea and launch
a number of terrorist attacks. The operation indicates
that the most recent round of diplomatic maneuvering
between PLO leader Yasir Arafat and Jordanian
King Hussein has not interrupted Fatah's continuing
attempts to conduct spectacular terrorist attacks
against Israel. Arafat probably believes that such
highly visible operations strengthen his claim to
leadership of the Palestinian movement.
On 20 April, an Israeli patrol boat 100 miles off the
Israeli coast sank the Atavirus, a 1,000-ton ship that
had refused to identify itself and fired on the Israeli
vessel with rocket-propelled grenades and small arms.
Eight of the 28 passengers and crew on the Atavirus
were rescued by the Israelis, and the survivors
claimed that their ship was to drop off three teams of
six or seven commandos. The Israelis saw three
rubber rafts and a fiberglass boat aboard the ship.
Fatah accepted responsibility for the operation in a
communique issued in Kuwait. The communique
alleged that the ship had succeeded in launching three
teams of guerrillas before it was detected by the
Israeli patrol boat. It further claimed that two teams
had made it ashore and fought Israeli forces south of
Tel Aviv. In an interview published on 26 April, Abu
Jihad insisted that the commando units had "begun to
disembark" from the mother ship before it was
intercepted by the Israelis. Abu Jihad repeated the
claim that only one unit had been sunk at sea and said
there was no further contact with the other two units
"on shore." The lack of corroborating evidence in the
wake of the claim, however, reduces the communique
to an obvious attempt to salvage some publicity value
from a failed operation. Abu Jihad also said that the
operation demonstrated Fatah's commitment to
armed struggle against Israel and that military
operations are complementary to political activity.
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The survivors admitted belonging to Fatah and
claimed that senior Fatah official Khalil al-Wazir
(Abu Jihad) had provided last-minute instructions to
them before the operation. The terrorists reportedly
planned to hijack a bus to obtain hostages and then
proceed to the Defense Ministry compound in Tel
Aviv, where they would try to gain control of the two
buildings housing the offices of the Defense Minister
and the General Staff. The terrorists were then
supposed to negotiate through the French
Ambassador for the release of 150 Palestinian
prisoners held in Israeli jails. If they failed to seize the
buildings, the terrorists had orders to kill as many
Israelis as possible.
The seaborne operation began in Algeria, where the
terrorists reportedly had been training for six months.
On 27 March, the Atavirus arrived at Annaba,
Algeria, from Piraeus, Greece. On 13 April, the ship
left Annaba and headed east to a point off Port Said,
Egypt; from there it proceeded toward the Israeli
coast.
17
Although Palestinians have been undergoing military
training in Algeria since at least 1982, Fatah officials
almost certainly did not give advance notice of the
seaborne operation to the Algerian Government
because they knew President Bendjedid would have
vetoed any action that might have spoiled his visit to
the United States that week. A primary objective of
Bendjedid's visit was to seek approval of a cautious
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yet consistent effort to move Algeria away from its
radical image. Leftist elements in the Algerian
Government opposed to Bendjedid's improving ties
with the United States may have sanctioned the
operation after Bendjedid left the country. In any
case, Algiers is likely to restrict Fatah activities in
Algeria, including military training of fighters, in
order to avoid any similar incident.
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Peru: The Continuing
Sendero Luminoso Challenge
the
Sendero Luminoso (SL) insurgents have expanded
their areas of operation over the past year or so and
are carrying out an active terrorist campaign in the
south-central emergency zone, but the overall level
and effectiveness of their activity declined lasi. year.
Improved performance of the Peruvian security forces
and growing revulsion among Peruvians over the
insurgents' wanton violence appear to be constraining
the group. Nevertheless, the guerrillas remain a
formidable challenge for the government, and their
prospects may improve if the next administration,
which takes office in July, fails to deal successfully
with major economic difficulties.
Ayacucho: The Sendero Luminoso Heartland
In recent months the security forces have begun to
make progress in combating Sendero Luminoso in its
original base area in Ayacucho and elsewhere in the
south-central highlands. The improvement is due in
part to a decision by the Army last May to establish
some 50 counterinsurgency bases, from which units of
up to 100 men have engaged in aggressive patrolling.
Early last year the Army began forming peasant
defense groups. Although poorly armed, these
organizations have frequently stymied the insurgents.
In addition, the government is trying to win the
confidence of peasants in the south-central emergency
zone through small-scale development projects,
although lack of funding has hampered these efforts.
The mobility of the guerrillas and the well-entrenched
support network they have developed over the last 15
years have prevented the armed forces from dealing
them a crippling blow. Nevertheless, the insurgents no
longer dominate the region the way they did from
1980 through 1982. Instead, the shift in the military's
approach has put Sendero Luminoso increasingly on
the defensive.
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Sendero Luminoso has increased its use 25X1
of terrorism?occasionally wiping out entire
hamlets?in an attempt to deter villagers from
cooperating with the government. Members of the
Peruvian security forces have been accused?both by
Sendero Luminoso and by several human rights
groups?of also committing atrocities against
villagers in contested areas. Lending support to such
allegations, mass graves containing dozens of corpses
of peasants bearing marks of torture have been
discovered in various parts of the emergency zones.
The culpability of the military in these deaths has not
been firmly established; nevertheless, entire highland
communities, fearing violence on the part of the
security forces as well as the insurgents, reportedly
have been abandoning their ancestral homes for the
relative safety of Lima and other cities.
Upper Huallaga Region
In an apparent attempt to reduce military pressure
against its forces in the south-central emergency zone,
Sendero Luminoso began operations in the upper
Huallaga river valley about a year ago. The opening
of a second insurgent front contributed to the
impression that the movement was rapidly growing,
but the guerrillas have
failed to gain a secure foothold there. Unlike in south-
central Peru, where the insurgents over the years built 25xi
an extensive grassroots network, they have been
hampered in the upper Huallaga valley by a lack of
advance preparations.
only about 10 percent of the SL cadre there had
been locally recruited. One apparent reason the
guerrillas found such low receptivity is that the
inhabitants of this traditional coca-growing region
believe that an SL presence would threaten their
drug-trafficking income by attracting the attention of
the security forces.
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In addition, however, a rapid response by the military
has been crucial in deterring the guerrillas. Last July
the armed forces created a new emergency zone for
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the upper Huallaga region. By calling up reserve
units, the Army was able to deal with the threat in the
north-central highlands without reducing pressure on
the insurgents in the south. A major offensive last
September failed in its mission of encircling SL units,
but it prevented the guerrillas from solidifying their
presence in the upper Huallaga. Subsequent military
operations have forced the guerrillas to flee into
adjacent areas where they have been reduced to
conducting sporadic attacks against government
forces. On the negative side, however, the military's
fear of jeopardizing its counterinsurgency campaign
by alienating local cocagrowers led it to temporarily
block vigorous police antinarcotics efforts earlier this
year.
Terrorism in Lima
The SL infrastructure in Lima, which had been
crippled by the arrest of several urban commanders in
mid-1984, resumed operations early this year by
bombing the headquarters of two major political
parties and assassinating several police officers. The
complicated nature of many of these attacks, along
with a new willingness to conduct daytime operations,
suggests that the insurgents probably have rebuilt
their terrorist network in the capital. The cost to the
movement of resuming operations there remains high,
however, because the security forces continue to
identify and arrest SL members.
Nevertheless, Sendero Luminoso benefits in several
ways by pursuing a campaign of urban terrorism.
Although guerrilla actions in the remote Andean
highlands often go unnoticed by the international
press, attacks in the capital receive prominent
coverage, thereby enhancing the insurgents' image as
a major revolutionary force. During the visit of Pope
John Paul II in February, various SL operations in
Lima underscored the movement's flair for dramatic
gestures. Moreover, as the US Embassy notes, urban
terrorism is potentially destabilizing because it tends
to undermine public confidence in the ability of the
civilian authorities to maintain order.
Election Offensive
In early March, Sendero Luminoso began an
offensive reportedly designed to disrupt the national
elections on 14 April. Although a similar attempt to
undermine municipal elections in November 1983
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generally failed to achieve its objective, it did result in
the cancellation of voting in part of the south-central
emergency zone. The evident goal of the latest
insurgent campaign was to force voters?especially
those in rural areas where SL is strongest to boycott
the elections. To prevent this from occurring, the
military used some 40,000 troops to provide security
at approximately 4,000 polling places throughout the
country, As a
consequence, the SL effort was once again largely
unsuccessful.
Outlook
Despite its setbacks over the past year, the dispersion,
mobility, and self-sufficiency of Sendero Luminoso?
along with an intelligent reluctance to engage the
military in direct combat?have enabled it to deny the
armed forces a decisive victory. For the most part,
guerrilla attacks have been directed against isolated
Civil Guard posts, peasant self-defense groups, and
vulnerable policemen in the cities. The cyclical nature
of SL operations?characterized by alternating
periods of vigorous action and relative inactivity?has
enabled the guerrillas not only to regroup and
replenish their supply of arms, but also to rest and
recuperate after sustained offensives. The group's
continuing independence from forei2n support or
direction, and its
practice of obtaining weapons locally either by theft
or attacks on security forces also have contributed to
the movement's durability by making it virtually
invulnerable to interdiction efforts.
The spread of the insurgency to new regions and its
entrenched strength in the south-central emergency
zone indicate that the government will be forced to
continue to devote sizable numbers of soldiers to the
counterinsurgency effort in coming months. If Peru's
new guerrilla group, the Revolutionary Movement?
Tupac Amaru, were to begin sustained operations,
this would further tax the security forces and
probably provide more breathing room for Sendero
Luminoso. (There is little evidence that Tupac Amaru
is planning any such offensive, however.)
The SL goal of a successful nationwide revolution
appears illusory, at least in the near term, but we
agree with the US Embassy's assessment that the
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organization will remain a significant force for the
foreseeable future. Even some previously optimistic
Peruvian officers have reportedly come to believe that
the government may need five to 10 years to suppress
the guerrillas. Although the group seems to have lost
the momentum it demonstrated early in President
Belaunde's administration, SL leaders probably are
buoyed by Peru's deepening economic difficulties.
They may reason that these difficulties will present
new revolutionary opportunities in the years ahead.
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June 1976
The Terrorism Diary for June
Below is a compendium of June dates of known or conceivable significance to
terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itself
be construed to suggest that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist
event.
Palestinians. During this month, Syria entered the civil conflict in Lebanon on the
side of the Christian Phalange and against the Palestinians and their Muslim
allies. In response, Palestinian renegade Abu Nidal renamed his terrorist group
(then based in Iraq) the Black June Organization and began attacking Syrian
targets.
1 June 1963 Kenya. Beginning of self-government. Celebrated as Madaraka Day.
1 June 1972 Cameroon. Proclamation of the republic.
1 June 1973 Greece. Proclamation of the republic.
2 June 1946 Italy. Date of the referendum in which Italian voters chose a republican form of
government.
2 June 1967 West Germany. Leftist student Benno Ohnesorg killed during demonstration in
West Berlin. The terrorist group 2 June Movement (remnants of which eventually
joined the Red Army Faction) took its name from this incident.
4 June 1970 Tonga. Independence Day.
4 June 1979 Ghana. Jerry Rawlings takes power for the first time.
4 June 1982 Israel, Lebanon. First Israeli bombing of Beirut.
5 June 1965 Honduras. Constitutional republic reestablished.
5 June 1967 Middle East. Beginning of Six-Day War.
5 June 1975 Egypt. Reopening of Suez Canal.
5 June 1977 Seychelles. Overthrow of President Mancham by Albert Rene. Celebrated as
Liberation Day.
6 June 1982 Israel, Lebanon. Israeli forces invade Lebanon.
6 June 1984 India. Army storms Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar, ending most radical Sikh
terrorism. This act considered "desecration" even by mainstream Sikhs. Sikh
Akali Dal political party has designated first week of June "Genocide Week."
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7 June 1975
7 June 1982
8 June 1967
9 June 1965
9 June 1969
9 June 1983
10 June 1829
11 June 1970
12 June 1898
12 June 1948
13 June 1974
13 June 1982
14 June 1975
14 June 1982
15 June 1960
15 June 1979
Greece. Republican constitution adopted.
Chad. Hissene Habre seizes N'djamena.
Palestinians. Founding of terrorist group Saiqa (Thunderbolt).
Oman. Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO) begins armed struggle.
Sudan. Proclamation of southern autonomy.
South Africa. Three African National Congress (ANC) terrorists hanged.
Argentina, United Kingdom. Date from which Argentina claims sovereignty over
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Celebrated in Argentina as Malvinas Day.
Libya. Transfer of US bases to Libyan control. Celebrated as Evacuation Day.
Philippines. Proclamation of the republic. Celebrated as Independence Day.
Hungary. Founding of Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party.
North Yemen. Coup by Col. Ibrahim al-Hamidi (accession of Second Corrective
Movement).
Saudi Arabia. Death of King Khalid and accession of King Fahd.
El Salvador. Founding of Armed Forces of National Resistance (FARN).
Argentina, United Kingdom. Argentine surrender ends Falkland Islands conflict.
Japan, United States. Signing of Japan-US Security Treaty. Violent protests by
leftist opponents of the treaty were common on this date through the 1960s.
El Salvador. Communist Party, under Soviet and Cuban pressure, adopts policy of
armed struggle; its fighting elements are called Armed Forces of Liberation
(FAL).
15 June 1979 Nicaragua. Somoza regime National Guard kills 185 insurrectionists near US
Embassy.
16 June 1976 South Africa. Riots in Soweto.
17 June 1944 Iceland. Anniversary of the republic. Celebrated as Independence Day.
17 June 1953 East and West Germany. Berlin uprising.
17 June 1983 France. Mysterious disappearance of Guy Orsoni, leader of Corsican separatist
group National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC).
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18 June 1953 Egypt. Proclamation of the republic. Celebrated as Evacuation Day.
19 June 1961 Kuwait. Independence Day.
19 June 1965 Algeria. Overthrow of Ahmed Ben Bella. Celebrated as Revolutionary Recovery
Day.
20 June 1985 Muslim world. Id al-Fitr (end of Ramadan).
22 June 1969 South Yemen. Coup by National Liberation Front.
23 June Luxembourg. Current grand duke's birthday. Celebrated as National Day.
24 June Spain. King's Day.
25 June 1950 North and South Korea. North Korea invades South Korea, beginning Korean
war.
25 June 1964 Mozambique. Founding of the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique
26 June 1960
26 June 1960
27 June 1977
29 June 1976
30 June 1960
(FRELIMO). Celebrated since 1975 as Independence Day.
Madagascar. Independence Day.
Somalia. Independence Day (northern region).
Djibouti. Independence Day.
Seychelles. Independence Day.
Zaire. Independence Day.
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Mid-March
31 March
Early April
Chronology of Terrorism-1985
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in this
publication are not included.
Lesotho: Homes of PAC and ANC members attacked. The grenades and small-
arms fire wounded one person slightly. The attacks may have been unofficial
retaliation by Lesotho's security forces for the mistaken killing of one of their
members by ANC recruits.
West Bank: Israeli deputy mayor killed in al-Birah. Zalman Abulnik was shot
with a 9-mm handgun. The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
claimed credit in the name of its "Martyr Abu al-Ghadab Forces" and pledged to
carry out further such operations.
Namibia: Government claims SWAPO abducted eight civilians in two incidents
in Ovambo. One of the eight, a father of two whose children were also abducted,
was reportedly killed shortly afterward.
4 April Iran: Explosion kills one man, wounds five others in central Tehran. An Iranian
official indicated the dead man may have been preparing a bomb that blew up
prematurely.
5 April
Mozambique: RENAMO ambushes traffic on road north of Maputo. The attack,
carried out with machineguns and a rocket launcher, left seven civilians?
including three provincial officials?dead and five wounded.
7 April Iraq: Kurdish guerrillas kidnap two employees of Japanese computer company.
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan reportedly kidnaped the two engineers to protest
Japanese involvement in Iraq's economic development.
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8 April West Germany: Attempt to enter military supply depot thwarted near Neukirchen.
Three men in Bundeswehr (Army) uniforms approached the entrance in a German
Army jeep, but departed while the guard was checking the access roster. The
driver was initially identified as a member of the Red Army Faction, but German
authorities now doubt that the RAF was involved.
Ivory Coast: Burkinabe dissident residing in Abidjan killed. The victim, a
prominent businessman, was reportedly a friend of the Ivorian President. The
Ivorian Government has publicly accused the Burkinabe regime of sponsoring the
shooting.
9 April Bolivia: Ex-Army captain assassinated on his farm, apparently by MIR. The late
Carlos Helguero Larren was believed to have been involved in the murder of eight
leaders of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR) in 1981.
Chile: Two bombs cause minor damage in Santiago mall housing US banking
facilities. It is not known whether the Chase Manhattan or First National City
Bank offices were the intended targets.
10 April Portugal: FP-25 robs bank in Fao, sets off bomb in Oporto. The blast, at the
offices of the Secretary of State, caused extensive damage, but no injuries. Shortly
afterward, an FP-25 member was killed in a shootout with police and two others
were wounded and arrested.
10-22 April
Sri Lanka: Train bombed on eve of visit by British Prime Minister. The explosion
killed a woman and injured three other persons as the train pulled into the station
at Colombo's Katunayake Airport. Tamil
insurgents probably were trying to embarrass the government before the arrival of
Mrs. Thatcher the following day.
Chile: Rash of bombings causes minor injuries to three persons. The targets, nine
in Santiago and seven in the provinces, were lampposts, high-tension lines, and
buses. The Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front, which has conducted such attacks
in the past, probably was responsible.
11 April Peru: Sendero Luminoso unit raids National Commerce School. An armed group
of 30 young men entered the school in Cerro de Pasco, 300 kilometers southeast of
Lima. Two teachers who refused to shout subversive slogans were brutally beaten
and left in critical condition.
12 April Spain: French warehouse destroyed in San Sebastian fire. Three other buildings
were also damaged in an arson attack by suspected Basque Fatherland and Liberty
(ETA) members.
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Portugal: Industrialist in Oporto killed by bomb planted in car. No group has
claimed responsibility, but the terrorist group FP-25, which has frequently
targeted landowners and businessmen, is suspected.
Chile: Two members of Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front apprehended. The two
men were charged with bombing the offices of the newpaper La Nacion on 26
March.
Nicaragua: Catholic bishop survives rocket grenade attack on car. No group
claimed credit for the attack on US citizen Salvador Schlaefer, who serves as
bishop for Nicaragua's Atlantic coast.
Mozambique: RENAMO deliberately targeting international relief workers. A
UNICEF relief project was attacked and destroyed and the sole official present at
the time?a Mozambican national?was killed. A Portuguese agricultural expert
was abducted in a separate attack on the same day.
13 April Peru: Tupac Amaru detonates four bombs, airs subversive message in Lima. The
extent of bomb damage is unknown. The group had also interrupted a radio
address by President Belaunde to air a 10-minute statement denouncing the
middle class.
14 April France: Bomb damages power transformer near Toulouse. The explosion caused a
momentary loss of electricity at Aerospatiale, France's largest aerospace complex.
Although no group claimed responsibility, antifascist slogans were scrawled on
nearby walls.
Corsica: Two bombs damage homes in Ajaccio. No group has claimed credit, but
Corsican separatists were probably responsible.
16 April Spain: Several policemen in Pamplona wounded when boobytrapped car explodes.
No group has claimed responsibility.
France: Large ETA arms cache discovered at private villa in Saint-Pee-sur-
Nivelle. A Basque separatist sympathizer tipped off police to the location of the
long-buried cache and then committed suicide. Over 2 tons of explosives, along
with antitank rockets and other munitions, were recovered.
17 April Belgium: Authorities expel Libyan carrying false documents. A Libyan who,
together with his family, entered Belgium in February under the name Omar
Ehmeida, claiming to be a doctor, has been expelled for possession and use of false
documents. Under the name Omar al-Sudani, he was the press attache at the
Libyan People's Bureau in London in April 1984, when the British policewoman
was killed there.
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Lebanon: Israeli Air Force attacks DFLP base in Bekaa Valley. The raid near
Barr Ilyas apparently was in retaliation for a previous DFLP operation.
18 April United Kingdom: British authorities deport Libyan suspected of terrorist
activities. Mohammad Ali al-Ati had worked as a Libyan Arab Airlines traffic
officer at Heathrow Airport for the previous five years.
Lebanon: Four unidentified gunmen kidnap and release acting vice president of
American University of Beirut. Georges Sayegh, a Lebanese Maronite Christian,
was abducted from his apartment in West Beirut and held for some 20 hours. He
could not identify his captors, and no group has claimed responsibility for the
kidnaping.
Peru: Sendero Luminoso plunges Lima into darkness once more. For the second
time this year, Sendero Luminoso guerrillas struck at Metropolitan Lima's
electrical transmission pylons, blacking out the capital area, along with a 500-
kilometer coastal strip for approximately one hour. This was the 11th such attack
by the group since 1982.
Peru: Terrorists rob restaurant and abduct schoolgirls in Cerro de Pasco. The
terrorists chanted subversive slogans and stole food before fleeing into the
mountains with their hostages.
19 April West Bank: Explosion near bus transporting Israeli workers in Jerusalem. There
were no casualties. In a radio broadcast from Baghdad, Fatah claimed
responsibility for the attack.
Israel: Police defuse bomb in Ramat-Eska Police detained several suspects, but
all were later released. No group has yet claimed responsibility.
West Bank: Israeli and Arab cabdrivers murdered. An Israeli cab driver was shot
in the head in a village north of Jerusalem. A claim of responsibility by the PLO
prompted threats of revenge from some Israelis, and on 22 April an Arab cab-
driver was found shot dead on almost the same spot where the other body had been
found.
India: Assassination attempts against Sikh politicians in Punjab. In separate
incidents, gunmen believed to be radical Sikhs wounded a Sikh general secretary
of the ruling Congress (1) Party and the leader of a Sikh group close to the party.
The assailants escaped and no group has claimed responsibility. Both victims had
been accused by radicals of collaborating with the Hindu central government.
Taiwan: Former military intelligence chief sentenced in murder of Chinese-
American journalist. Vice Adm. Wong Hsi-ling was sentenced to life in prison for
his part in the murder. Two subordinates convicted with him received three-year
terms.
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20 April Ireland: Firebomb explodes in Dublin store selling South African products. The
device caused no casualties, because police had evacuated the store following a tip.
The Irish National Liberation Army, which has conducted antiapartheid terrorist
acts before, claimed credit, equating apartheid with British rule in Northern
Ireland. INLA does not usually stage attacks in the Irish Republic.
21 April Gaza Strip: Bomb disarmed in Jabalya refugee camp. Those responsible for
planting the device remain unknown.
22 April
Peru: Tupac Amaru takes over radio station, broadcasts message. An MRTA
guerrilla band briefly took over Radio Inti at Collique, 18 kilometers north of
Lima and ordered the staff to play a taped appeal for armed struggle against the
government.
23 April Kuwait: Moderate newspaper editor wounded. Ahmad Jarallah was shot six times
by a gunman who escaped in a waiting car. His published views were pro-Saudi,
pro-Egyptian, and critical of Palestinian extremism, the Iranian regime, and Iraq's
territorial ambitions in Kuwait. The Arab Revolutionary Brigades?a name
previously used by the Abu Nidal Group?claimed credit for the attack.
24 April Peru: Suspected Sendero Luminoso terrorists seriously wound elections board
chief The assailants hurled a suitcase filled with dynamite at his car and then
sprayed the vehicle with machinegun fire. The official, Domingo Garcia Rada, was
responsible for the official vote count of the first round of the 14 April presidential
election.
26 April Switzerland: Bomb wounds Syrian diplomat. Dr. Ahmad Saker, plenipotentiary
minister to the United Nations in Geneva, and his wife were slightly wounded
when a bomb exploded under the hood of their car. Three passersby were also
slightly wounded. A second bomb was found and defused in another Syrian
diplomatic vehicle. No one has claimed credit for the bombings.
Switzerland: Libyan Airlines office bombed in Geneva. There were apparently no
casualties in the blast, but windows were shattered within 100 yards of the
building. Swiss police are questioning two young Arabs, one of whom reportedly
admitted placing the bombs.
Israel: Police explosives expert wounded trying to defuse bomb. The bomb had
been planted near some cooking gas cylinders in an apartment building in the town
of Kiryat Malachi, 25 kilometers northeast of the Gaza strip. Israeli police
detained 14 Arabs for questioning.
31 Secret
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/29: CIA-RDP87T00685R000100130002-3
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27 April
United Kingdom: Scottish Liberation Army claims credit for arson at Defense
Ministry headquarters. The fire in the virtually deserted basement of the London
building was the first attack by the group since December, when it sent letter
bombs to several prominent government officials.
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Secret
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/29: CIA-RDP87T00685R000100130002-3