MANIFESTO ANALYZES SOVIET FUTURE, URGES REFORM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87T01145R000200180044-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 6, 2012
• Sequence Number: 44
• Publication Date: July 22, 1986
• Content Type: MISC

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ATTACHMENT 2
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MANIFESTO ANALYZES SOVIET FUTURE, URGES REFORM
[THE SECRET DREAM OF A SOVIET TOMORROW. THIS IS A COMPLETE
TRANSLATION OF THE SAMIZDAT DOCUMENT LEAKED TO THE GUARDIAN
BY ALLEGEDLY HIGHLY PLACED OFFICIALS IN MOSCOW]
[TEXT] TO THE CITIZENS OF THE SOVIET UNION: A GROUP OF
SOVIET CITIZENS WITH ACCESS TO OBJECTIVE INFORMATION HAVE
MADE A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF THE SOVIET
ECONOMY TODAY AND OF THE PERSPECTIVES FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT UP
TO THE YEAR 2000; OF THE DOMESTIC POLITICAL SITUATION NOW
AND IN THE NEAR FUTURE; AND OF THE USSR'S INTERNATIONAL
POSITION AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE FORCES OF CAPITALISM AND
SOCIALISM.
THE RESULTS OF THIS ANALYSIS SHOW THAT OUR COUNTRY HAS
REACHED A LIMIT BEYOND WHICH LIES AN INSURMOUNTABLE LAG IN
ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT BEHIND THE
ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL NATIONS; A REVERSE OF PRESENT US-SOVIET
MILITARY PARITY IN FAVOUR OF THE USA, AND AN INTENSIFICATION
OF THE MILITARY THREAT TO OUR COUNTRY; A FURTHER WEAKENING
OF THE USSR'S INTERNATIONAL POSITION AND ITS DECLINE INTO A
SECOND-RATE POWER; AND DEEPENING CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THE
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIALIST COMMONWEALTH WITH A COLLAPSE OF THE
WORLD SOCIALIST SYSTEM.
BECAUSE OF THE EXCEPTIONALLY GRAVE SITUATION FACING OUR
COUNTRY, THIS GROUP HAS DECIDED TO ESTABLISH THE MOVEMENT
FOR SOCIALIST RENEWAL (MSR), AND AS THE FIRST STEP, TO BRING
TO THE SOVIET PEOPLE'S ATTEIv'TION THE RESULTS OF OUR
ANALYSIS, THEREBY OFFERING FOR DISCUSSION A NUMBER OF
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MEASURES WHICH MAY STILL RESCUE THE
SOVIET UNION FROM DEADLOCK AND PROVIDE ITS PEOPLE WITH THEIR
ECONOMIC PROSPERITY AND POLITICAL FREEDOMS.
AFTER THE VICTORY OF THE GREAT OCTOBER SOCIALIST
REVOLUTION, LENIN WROTE THAT RUSSIAN HAD TWO ALTERNATIVES:
"EITHER TO PERISH, OR TO CATCH UP WITH THE ADVANCED
COUNTRIES AND OVERTAKE THEM ECONOMICALLY."
ALMOST 70 YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE THEN, YET IN ALL KEY
jNDICATORS THE SOVIET UNION HAS STILL FAILED TO CATCH UP
WITH, LET ALONE OVERTAKE, THE ADVANCED COUNTRIES. THUS THE
USSR'S GNP IS 50 PER CENT THAT OF THE USA. IN INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION, THERE HAS BEEN SINCE THE 19705 A SHARP DECLINE
IN AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH-RATES (21 PER CENT IN THE FIRST
FIVE-YEAR PLAN, 10 PER CENT IN THE 50S AND 605, 5 PER CENT
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IN THE 70S, AND 2-3 PER CENT IN THE 80S). THIS DECLINE HAS
TAKEN PLACE AGAINST AN "EXPLOSIVE" INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE
USA IN THESE YEARS (BY TWO TO SEVEN TIMES), IN THE EEC
COUNTRIES (THREE TO NINE TIMES), AND IN JAPAN (23 TIMES).
THE SOVIET UNION LAGS 10 TO 15 YEARS BEHIND THE CAPITALIST
COUNTRIES IN ITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND THIS LAG IS
GROWING. THE USSR IS NOW ON THE PATH TO BECOMING ONE OF THE
UNDER-DEVEIOPED NATIONS.
LENIN SAID: "CAPITALISM CAN AND WILL BE FINALLY
CONQUERED, BECAUSE SOCIALISM WILL CREATE A NEW AND HIGHER
LABOUR-PRODUCTIVITY." IN THE 68TH YEAR OF SOVIET POWER
LABOUR-PRODUCTIVITY IN SOVIET INDUSTRY WAS 55 PER CENT, AND
IN AGRICULTURE 25 PER CENT, THAT OF THE USA.
SPEAKING OF RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC BACKWARDNESS, LENIN CITED
AS EXAMPLES THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN EXPORT TRADE, WHICH
WAS DOMINATED BY THE SO-CALLED "COLONIAL" GOODS, LIKE GRAIN,
TIMBER, FUR AND MINERALS. IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOVIET
EXPORT TRADE TO THE DEVELOPED CAPITALIST COUNTRIES IN THE
1980S, 85 PERCENT OF REVENUE FROM EXPORTED GOODS IS FROM
MINERALS, WHILE THAT FROM MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT HAS
REMAINED FOR OVER 20 YEARS AT 2 PERCENT. FROM A COUNTRY
EXPORTING GRAIN AND FOOD PRODUCTS. THE SOVIET UNION HAS NOW
BECOME A MAJOR IMPORTER OF THESE GOODS (FROM 1970 THROUGH
1980 GRAIN AND FOOD IMPORTS TRIPLED).
THE TRADE BALANCE OF THE USSR WITH THE CAPITALIST
COUNTRIES IS A NEGATIVE ONE, COVERED BY WES-Z`ERN CREDITS.
THE SOVIET UNION IS NOW ONE OF THE MAJOR DEBTOR NATIONS IN
THE WORLD, WHOSE DEBTS TO THE CAPITALIST FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS (ABOUT 30 BILLION AMERICAN DOLLARS IN THE
MIDDLE OF 1983) PLACE IT THIRD, AFTER BRAZIL AND MEXICO.
PROJECTING ON TO THE FUTURE AN ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE OF THE
EXPORT-IMPORT PLAN, THE SOVIET UNION'S DEBTS TO THE
CAPITALIST NATIONS WILL HAVE INCREASED SIX-FOLD BY THE YEAR
2,p00, AND BY THE YEAR 2005 THE COU;v'TRY WILL HAVE BEEN FORCED
TO SPEND 75 PERCENT OF ITS EXPORT RECEIPTS JUST TO REPAY ITS
EXTERNAL DEBTS. JOBS IN FACTORIES AND IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
WHICH MEN WILL NOT TAKE.
ECONOMICS IS THE ART OF MANAGING THE ECONOMY. THE
DEFINING FEATURE OF SOVIET ECONOMIC MANAGEMEIv"T AT THE
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PRESENT TIME IS MISMANAGEMENT -- A LACK OF RESPONSIBILITY
AMONG SENIOR PEOPLE IN THE MACHINERY OF STATE FOR THE
CONDITION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY; AND THE ABSENCE OF ANY
MATERIAL INCENTIVES FOR OFFICE, FACTORY AND FARM WORKERS, OR
FOR SCIENTISTS AND THE TECHNICAL AND CREATIVE
INTELLIGENTSIA, IN THE RESULTS OF THEIR WORK.
THE COUNTRY IS SHORT OF METAL, BECAUSE ALMOST A THIRD OF
ALL METAL IS WASTED, AND IN SOME CASES, THIS AMOUNTS TO
70-80 PER CENT. THE COUNTRY IS SHORT OF GRAIN, BECAUSE 30
PER CENT OF IT IS LOST DURING HARVESTING AND TRANSPORTATION.
THE LOSSES OF OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, LIKE POTATOES,
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES, AMOUNTS TO OVER 60 PER CENT. THE
COUNTRY IS SHORT OF TIMBER PRODUCTS AND PAPER, ALTHOUGH THE
USSR'S TIMBER RESOURCES ARE THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD. AND
ALTHOUGH THE SOVIET UNION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR OIL-PRODUCING
COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD, ITS ECONOMY SUFFERS FROM A SERIOUS
SHORTAGE IN OIL PRODUCTS.
THE SOVIET UNION LEADS THE WORLD IN ITS WASTEFUL ATTITUDE
TO IRREPLACEABLE MINERAL RESERVES. OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS
ALONE, THE EXPORT OF GAS ROSE 30-FOLD; HUGE AMOUNTS OF CRUDE
OIL ARE EXPORTED; THE EXPORT OF GOLD IN SOME YEARS AMOUNTS
TO 300 TONS A YEAR; AND MANY OTHER MINERALS, SOME OF THEM
STRATEGIC, ARE ALSO WIDELY EXPORTED.
SOVIET PEOPLE'S STANDARD OF LIVING IS ONE OF THE LOWEST
IN THE INDUSTRIALLY DEVELOPED WORLD, INCLUDING THE MEMBER
NATIONS OF CEMA. IN THE USA, A WORKER RECEItfES ON AVERAGE
1,000 RUBLES A MONTH. THE AVERAGE MONTHLY SALARY OF A
SOVIET WORKER IS 185 RUBLES -- FIVE TIMES LESS. AND THERE
IS AN EVEN GREATER DISPARITY BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES IN
THE SALARIES OF THE TECHNICAL AND CREATIVE INTELLIGENTSIA,
THE MILITARY, AND OFFICIALS OF THE STATE APPARATUS.
LOW PAY IS EXACERBATED BY DIFFICULT LIVING CONDITIONS.
CHRONIC SHORTAGES OF BASIC FOODSTUFFS LIKE MEAT, MILK AND
$UTTER IN A NUMBER OF AREAS, AND FREQUEh"T STOPPAGES OF THESE
PRODUCTS ALTOGETHER IN MANY OTHERS, HAVE A BAD EFFECT ON
PEOPLE'S HEALTH, ESPECIALLY CHILDRENS', AND CREATE AN
ATMOSPHERE OF NERVOUSNESS AI~TD UNCERTAINTY, WITH PEOPLE
WASTING THEIR FREE TIME, AND EVEN TAKING TIME OFF WORK, TO
SEARCH FOR FOOD Ah'D STAND IN QUEUES.
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THE SOVIET UNION ON AVERAGE LAGS BEHIND THE USA TWO-FOLD
IN PER CAPITA PRODUCTION OF SUCH BASIC FOODSTUFFS AS MEAT,
DAIRY PRODUCTS, EGGS AND SUGAR. IN THE 68TH YEAR OF SOVIET
POWER THE RATIONING OF CERTAIN FOODSTUFFS WAS IMPOSED IN A
NUMBER OF AREAS, JUST AS IN THE WAR YEARS. THIS IS A CAUSE
OF THE RISE IN INFAIv"T MORTALITY.
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THE CONSTANT DISAPPEARANCE FROM THE SHOPS OF FIRST ONE
SERIES OF GOODS AND FOODSTUFFS, THEN ANOTHER, THE ETERNAL
HUNT FOR THE MOST BASIC GOODS AND SMALL EVERYDAY THINGS,
FORCES PEOPLE TO LIMIT THEIR RANGE OF INTERESTS TO ONE
EVERLASTING SEARCH, LEAVING THEP1 NEITHER THE TIME NOR THE
PHYSICAL STRENGTH TO SATISFY THEIR SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL
NEEDS, AND KILLING THEIR HUMAN DIGNITY.
THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE RURAL POPULATION, ESPECIALLY
THOSE NOT LIVING IN THE CENTRAL GROUNDS OF STATE AND
COLLECTIVE FARMS, IS REMINISCENT OF THE LIFE OF THE RUSSIAN
PEASANTRY IN THE EARLY PART OF THE 20TH CENTURY.
SOVIET PEOPLE'S LIVING CONDITIONS, WHEREVER THEY WORK: IN
INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE, TRANSPORT, CONSTRUCTION, THE
MACHINERY OF STATE, AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS ARE THOSE OF
YESTERDAY AND THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY FOR THE DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES. THE INADEQUATE ORGANIZATION OF LABOR, POOR
INDUSTRIAL DISCIPLINE, THE LOW LEVEL OF THE MECHANIZATION
AND AUTOMATION OF MANUAL AND LABOR INTENSIVE OPERATIONS AND
THE ELECTRIFICATION OF MANAGERIAL AND SCIENTIFIC WORK, THE
VIOLATION OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT RULES AND SANITARY STANDARDS,
REGULAR STORPiING AND ALL-HANDS-TO-THE-PUMP WORK AT THE END
OF THE MONTH, QUARTER,AND YEAR, THE INADEQUATE OPERATION OF
THE PUBLIC CATERING SYSTEM--THESE ARE CHARACTERISTIC
FEATURES OF A VAST NUMBER OF SOVIET ENTERPRISES AND _..
ORGANIZATIONS. -~~
AT THE END OF THE WORK DAY IT IS POSSIBLE TO GET TO A
T~IEATER, THE MOVIES, A CAFE, RESTAURANT OR SPORTS GROUNDS
ONLY WITH GREAT DIFFICULTY. THE NUMBER OF MOVIE THEATERS
PER 1,000 PERSONS IN THE USSR IS 3-5 TIMES LESS, AND THE
NUMBER OF CAFES AND RESTAURAh"TS 10-20 TIMES LESS THAN IN
THE DEVELOPED WESTERN COUNTRIES.
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IN THE PUBLIC SERVICES SECTOR, THE USSR SIMPLY DOES NOT
COMPARE WITH THE CAPITALIST COUNTRIES -- OR EVEN WITH THE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. THERE IS A DESPERATE SHORTAGE OF
EVERYDAY SERVICES LIKE GROCERIES, SAVINGS BANKS AND HEALTH
CENTERS. LONG QUEUES HAVE BECOME AN INEVITABLE PART OF
SOVIET PEOPLE'S LIFE.
LOW SALARIES LEAD TO THE FEMINIZATION OF MEN, WHO ARE
UNABLE TO BE THE FINANCIAL HEAD OF THE FAMILY -- WITH ALL
THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES THIS ENTAILS FOR THEIR FAMILIES,
THE EDUCATION OF THEIR CHILDREN, AND THE ROLE OF MEN IN
SOCIETY AS A WHOLE.
PfEN'S INABILITY TO SUPPORT THEIR FAMILIES RESULTS IN THE
MASCULINIZATION OF WOMEN. MARX SAID THAT A SOCIETY'S
PROGRESSIVENESS COULD BE ASSESSED IN TERMS OF THE POSITION
OF THE FAIR SEX. THE SOVIET OF MINISTERS OF THE USSR HAS
JUST ADOPTED A RESOLUTION BANNING THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN
HEAVY WORK. IT HAS TAKEN 60 YEARS FOR THIS MEASURE TO BE
ADOPTED, YET IT STILL REMAINS ON PAPER, AND WOMEN CONTINUE
TO BE USED IN THOSE HEAVY, MONOTONOUS JOBS IN FACTORIES AND
IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION WHICH MEN WILL NOT TAKE.
SINCE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO LIVE ON A MAN'S SALARY, WOMEN
IN THE USSR ARE FORCED TO ABANDON FAMILY AND CHILDREN AND
FIND WORK IN A FACTORY OR OFFICE. BUT WORK DOES NOT
LIBERATE A WOMAN FROM HOUSEWORK AND THE CARE OF HER HUSBAND
AND CHILDREN. THE REASON FOR THE APPEARANCE OF SO MANY
PROBLEM CHILDREN AND YOUNG CRIMINALS IS THAT MANY CHILDREN
ARE NOT CARED FOR AT HOME, IN THE FAMILY, BUT HAVE TO CARE
FOR THEMSELVES AND GET THEIR EDUCATION FROM THE STREET.
IN THESE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS, DRUNKENNESS AND
ALCOHOLISM FLOURISH, ALONG WITH PROSTITUTION AND THIEVING.
THE SOVIET UNION FIRMLY LEADS THE WORLD IN ITS
CONSUMPTION OF STRONG ALCOHOL: FOR EVERY MEMBER OF THE
POPULATION, INCLUDING INFANTS, 11 LITRES OF VODKA AND
SPIRITS ARE CONSUMED A YEAR, AND BETWEEN 1950 AND 1984
ALONE, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ROSE FOUR TIMES. 10 TO 15 TIMES
MORE VODKA IS CONSUMED IN THE SOVIET UNION TODAY THAN WAS
CONSUMED IN TSARIST RUSSIA.
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FEMALE ALCOHOLISM, WHICH IS INCREASING PARTICULARLY
SHARPLY, IS NOW ON THE AGENDA, AND EXPLAINS THE SIGNIFICANT
RISE IN THE BIRTH OF MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY IMPAIRED
BABIES.
ALCOHOL HAS PENETRATED DEEPLY INTO THE LIFE OF SOVIET
PEOPLE, AND HAS ASSUMED THE CHARACTER OF A NATIONAL
DISASTER, WHICH THREATENS THE VERY FUTURE OF OUR COUNTRY AND
PEOPLE.
THE RAPID DISINTEGRATION OF THE BASIC CELL OF SOVIET
SOCIETY -- THE FAMILY -- IS OCCURRING IN THE COUNTRY. IN
1913 THERE WERE 0.44 DIVORCES PER 100 MARRIAGES, IN 1965
SOME 17.94 AND IN 1974 SOME 28.52, THAT IS, THE INTENSITY
OF THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE FAMILY HAS GROWN 59 PERCENT
COMPARED IdITH 1965, 65 PERCENT COMPARED WITH 1913.
OUR COUNTRY'S SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AT THE CURRENT
STAGE IS CLOSELY LIA'I~D WITH AN ACCELERATION OF S&T
PROGRESS. THE POLICY OF AN INTENSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION,
SAVINGS OF MATERIAL RESOURCES, FUEL, AND ENERGY, AND THE
RATIONAL USE OF LABOR RESOURCES -- ALL THESE DIRECTIONS MAY
BE DEVELOPED SUCCESSFULLY ONLY GIVEN THE MOST EFFICIENT USE
OF AVAILABLE S&T POTENTIAL.
THE SOVIET UNION LEADS THE WORLD IN TERMS OF THE NUMBERS
OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL. ONE OUT OF EVERY FOUR SCIENTISTS IN
THE WORLD IS A CITIZEN OF THE USSR. THE NUMBER OF
SCIENTISTS IN THE USSR IS DOUBLING EVERY 7 YEARS AND
INCREASING TWICE AS FAST AS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE
SOVIET UNION LEADS THE WORLD IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF
INVENTIONS.
THE FIRST SATELLITE, THE FIRST COSMONAUT, THE FIRST
NUCLEAR POWER STATION. THE SOVIET UNION HAS BEEN ONE OF THE
LOCOMOTIVES OF S&T PROGRESS.
THE MID-70'S WITNESSED A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION IN
THE WORLD, BASED ON THE LATEST DISCOVERIES IN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY. THE SOVIET UNION UNDERESTIMATED THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE NEW DEVELOPMENTS OF WORLD SCIENCE FOR
ITS NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE STRENGTHENING OF 'ITS MILITARY
POTENTIAL, AND SPEIv'DING 1. S TO TWO TIMES LESS THAN THE
WESTERN COUNTRIES ON RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WORK,
IT BEGAN TO GRADUALLY LAG BEHIND THEM IN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY. THERE IS AN ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT LAG IN SUCH
AREAS CRUCIAL TO THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS OF
OUR COUNTRY AS THE COMPLEX AUTOMATION AND MECHANIZATION OF
P$ODUCTIOti (40 PER CENT OF ALL WORK IN INDUSTRY ALONE IS
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MANUAL); IN CYBERNETIC METHODS OF MANAGEMENT, AND IN THE USE
OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEMS (THE USE MADE IN THE USA OF
AUTOMATION EXCEEDS BY MORE THAN EIGHT TIMES AN ANALOGOUS
INDICATOR IN THE SOVIET UNION); IN COMPUTERIZATION,
INCLUDING THE USE OF MICROPROCESSOR TECHNIQUES AND
OPTOELECTRONICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND NUCLEAR POWER (THE
CAPACITY OF THE AVERAGE NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN THE SOVIET
UNION IS ALMOST FOUR TIMES LESS THAN THAT IN THE USA); AND
IN ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY.
IN ADDITION, A NEGATIVE INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
S&T PROGRESS IN THE USSR IS BEING EXERTED BY THE COUNTRY'S
LACK OF AN EFFECTIVE MECHANISM FOR THE SPEEDIEST APPLICATION
IN THE ECONOMY OF PROMISING DEVELOPMENTS AND EFFICIENT
INVENTIONS AND ALSO MATERIAL INCENTIVE FOR THEIR
REALIZATION. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE USSR ARE
DEVELOPING UNDER CONDITIONS OF STUBBORN RESISTANCE BY THE
ENTIRE SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEM, WHICH IS
"REJECTING" ATTEMPTS TO INTRODUCE THE RESULTS OF S&T
PROGRESS AS A LIVING ORGANISM REJECTS A FOREIGN BODY.
THE USSR'S SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL BACKWARDNESS HAS
BECOME CHRONIC AND UNQUESTIONED -- AS THOUGH THE URGENT
PROBLEMS OF THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COULD BE
SOLVED BY SIMPLY IMPORTING ADVANCED WESTERN TECHNIQUES AND
TECHNOLOGY, INCLUDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHOLE "TURN-KEY"
FACTORIES PAID FOR WITH OUR IRREPLACEABLE NATIONAL RESOURCES
OF OIL, GAS, IRON ORE, CONCENTRATES AND OTHER MINERALS. THE
SOVIET UNION IS LIVING FOR TODAY; OUR LEADERS GIVE NO
THOUGHT TO TOMORROW, TO THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY AND ITS
PEOPLE. "APRES MOI LE DELUGE," SAID LOUIS XV, AND HIS
COURTIERS MARVELLED AT HIS WISDOM. HISTORY NOW REPEATS
ITSELF IN ANOTHER COUNTRY AND ANOTHER HISTORICAL. ERA.
THIS YEAR THE SOVIET PEOPLE COMMEMORATED A SPLENDID DATE
IN THEIR HISTORY -- THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE VICTORY IN
THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR.
"NO ONE IS FORGOTTEN..." -- THIS MEANS OVER 20 MILLION
SOVIET PEOPLE WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THE VICTORY --
"NOTHING IS FORGOTTEN" -- THIS MEANS THE CAUSES WHICH LED
TO SUCH HUGE HUMAN LOSSES.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INITIAL PERIOD OF THE WAR SHOWS THAT
TJ~E MAIN FACTORS WHICH HAD CONFRONTED THE RED ARMY AND THE
SOVIET UNION WITH CATASTROPHE, AND THE SOVIET PEOPLE WITH
THE THREAT OF ENSLAVEMENT, WERE THE UNDERESTIMATION OF THE
ROLE AND PLACE IN MODERN WARFARE OF AVIATION AND MECHANIZED
FOR*lATIONS, THE PRACTICAL ABSENCE IN THE RED ARMY OF
AUTOMATIC WEAPONS, EFFECTIVE ANTITANK WEAPONS, AND MODERN
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TANKS AND AIRCRAFT, AND THE MOST FLAGRANT MISCALCULATION BY
THE COUNTRY'S TOP MILITARY-POLITICAL LEADERSHIP BOTH IN
DETERPIINING THE AXIS OF THE MAIN ASSAULT OF GERMANY'S ARMED
FORCES AND IN DETERPIINING THE TIME OF THIS ASSAULT.
THE SOVIET UNION WON A HISTORIC VICTORY IN THE GREAT
PATRIOTIC WAR, BUT THE SOVIET PEOPLE COULD HAVE ACHIEVED
THIS VICTORY WITH FAR LESS HUMAN AND MATERIAL LOSSES, AND
THE ROAD TO BERLIN NEED NOT HAVE STARTED FROM MOSCOW,
LENINGRAD, STALINGRAD AND THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS.
MARXIST-LENINIST SCIENCE DEFINES POLITICS AS THE
CONCENTRATED EXPRESSION OF ECONOMICS. A SICK ECONOMIC
ORGANISM INEVITABLY WEAKENS THE COUNTRY'S INTERNATIONAL
POSITION. THE SOCIALIST CAMP IS NO LONGER A UNITED AND
MONOLITHIC UNION OF FRATERNAL NATIONS. THE LEADING ROLE OF
THE SOVIET UNION AMONGST THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES HAS BEEN
SIGNIFICANTLY WEAKENED, AND ITS AUTHORITY IS NOW LOWER THAN
IT HAS EVER BEEN IN ALL ITS HISTORY.
THE "ETERNAL AND UNBREAKABLE" SOCIALIST FRATERNITY IS
COLLAPSING BEFORE THE EYES OF ONE GENERATION. THE SOCIALIST
CAPIP HAS ABANDONED SUCH FORMER ALLIES AS CHINA, WITH ITS
BILLION STRONG POPULATION, YUGOSLAVIA, ALBANIA AND KOREA.
ROMANIA IS THE WEST'S
"TROJAN HORSE" IN CEMA AND THE WARSAW PACT.
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION IS~NO LONGER THE
RECOGNISED LEADER OF THE WORLD COMMUNIST AND WORKERS'
MOVEMENT, WHICH HAS DISINTEGRATED INTO SEPARATE NATIONAL AND
REGIONAL UNITS OF THE WORKING-CLASS, UNCONNECTED BY ANY
UNITED WORLD VIE1+', OR COMMON ORGANIZATIONAL OR PARTY LINKS.
THE SOCIAL-POLITICAL REGIMES IN HUNGARY AND POLAND AND
THE GDR REMAIN LOYAL TO THE SOVIET UNION, THANKS TO THE
PRESENCE OF SOVIET TROOPS ON THEIR TERRITORIES. FOR THE
FIRST TIME IN THE HISTORY OF THE SOVIET STATE, THE SOVIET
ARMED FORCES ARE CONDUCTING IN AFGHANISTAN AN UNDECLARED AND
HOPELESS WAR, WHICH BRINGS GLORY NEITHER TO THE SOVIET UNION
NOR TO ITS ARPIED FORCES .
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IN THE FORMER DEPENDENT AND COLONIAL COUNTRIES. FROM THE
VAST RESOURCES INVESTED IN INDONESIA, EGYPT, ALGERIA, LIBYA,
AND IRAQ, THE SOVIET UNION HAS REAPED NEITHER POLITICAL NOR
ECONOMIC DIVIDENDS.
SOVIET DIPLOMACY COULD NOT PREVENT THE CONSOLIDATION OF
THE NATO MILITARY-POLITICAL BLOC, AND THE CREATION IN BOTH
EAST AND WEST OF POTENTIAL CENTERS OF MILITARY AGGRESSION.
FOR~?THE ~ FIRST TIME IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD, A SERIES OF
STATES SUCH AS THOSE OF JAPAN, CHINA AND THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, ARE OPENLY MAKING TERRITORIAL CLAIMS ON
THE USSR.
SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IS BASED ON MISTAKEN ASSUMPTIONS
ABOUT THE CAUSES OF TENSION IN THE WORLD (THE ARMS RACE),
AA'D PURSUES FALSE GOALS (UNIVERSAL AND COMPLETE
DISARMAMENT). THE ARMS RACE IS A CONSEQUENCE, NOT A CAUSE,
OF INTERNATIONAL TENSION, AND TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF
UNIVERSAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT IT IS NECESSARY TO SEEK
WAYS TO LIQUIDATE THE CENTERS OF INTERNATIONAL TENSION, THE
"HOT SPOTS" OF OUR PLANET.
OVER ALMOST 70 YEARS, THE SOCIAL-POLITICAL SYSTEM
EXISTING IN THE SOVIET UNION HAS BEEN UNABLE TO ACHIEVE
ECONOMIC SUPERIORITY OVER THE CAPITALIST COUNTRIES EITHER IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, OR IN
THE WELL-BEING OF ITS PEOPLE; TO GUARANTEE THE INVIOLABILITY
OF ITS STATE BORDERS AND THE SAFETY OF THE SOVIET PEOPLE, OR
TO SECURE THE INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY APPROPRIA3`E TO A GREAT
POWER.
IN THE PAST 70 YEARS THE LEADERS OF THE SOVIET STATE HAVE
REPEATEDLY ATTEMPTED TO BOOST AGRICULTURE AND PROVIDE THE
POPULATION WITH THE NECESSARY FOOD PRODUCTS, AND INDUSTRY
WITH RAW MATERIAL. IT HAS ALSO REPEATEDLY CONTEMPLATED
IMPROVING THE WORK OF INDUSTRY AND PROVIDING THE POPULATION
OF THE COUNTRY WITH ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES, AND THE ECONOMY
WITH INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
BACK AT THE DAWN OF SOVIET POWER LENIN WROTE: "...WE HAVE
ACCUMULATED SO MA?~TY RESOLUTIONS THAT NOT ONLY DOES NO ONE
READ THEM, BUT NO ONE EVEN INTENDS T0." IN RECENT YEARS,
PARTICULARLY AS OF THE 1960'S, THE STREAM OF RESOLUTIONS,
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DECISIONS, AND DECREES NOT BACKED UP BY ORGANIZATIONAL
MEASURES AND GOING BEYOND THE BOUNDS OF THE COUNTRY'S
ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES HAS SWAMPED THE SOVIET STATE AND
PARTY MACHINERY.
THUS THE CPSU PROGRAM ADOPTED IN 1961 SAYS THAT IN THE
COMING DECADE (1961-1970) THE SOVIET UNION WILL SURPASS THE ..
UNITED STATES IN TERMS OF PER CAPITA PRODUCTION; ALL WORKING
PEOPLE WILL HAVE PATERIAL PROSPERITY; ALL KOLKHOZES AND
SOVKHOZES WILL HAVE BECOME HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE AND HIGHLY
PROFITABLE FARMS; THE NEED FOR WELL-APPOINTED ACCOMODATIONS
WILL HAVE BEEN MET, IN THE MAIN; HEAVY PHYSICAL LABOR WILL
HAVE DISAPPEARED; THE USSR WILL HAVE BECOME THE COUNTRY WITH
THE SHORTEST WORK DAY. AT THE END OF THE SECOND DECADE
(1970-1980) THE MATERIAL-TECHNICAL BASIS FOR COMMUNISM,
WHICH WILL PROVIDE AN ABUNDANCE OF MATERIAL AND CULTURAL
BEA'EFITS FOR THE WHOLE POPULATION, WILL HAVE BEEN CREATED;
SOVIET SOCIETY WILL HAVE COME VERY CLOSE TO THE REALIZATION
OF THE PRINCIPLE OF DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO NEED. THUS
COMMUNIST SOCIETY WILL HAVE BEEN BUILT IN THE USSR, IN THE
MAIN.
"THE PARTY SOLEMNLY PROCLAIMS: THE PRESENT GENERATION OF
SOVIET PEOPLE WILL LIVE UNDER COMMUNISM "
OVER 30 CPSU CEh"TRAL COMMITTEE AND USSR COUNCIL OF
MINISTERS DECREES ON AGRICULTURE AND APPROXIMATELY 20
DECREES ON AN INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF CONSUMER GOODS
AND SO FORTH HAVE BEEN ADOPTED IN THE PAST 15 YEARS ALONE.
IT IS DIFFICULT TO FIND A SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY' IN RESPECT
OF WHICH DECREES BY THE HIGHEST ORGANS OF THE PARTY AND THE
Ek'ECUTIVE AUTHORITY ON AN IMPROVEMENT IN WORK HAVE NOT BEEN
ADOPTED. HOWEVER, THEY HAVE ALL REMAINED PROMISES. PARTY
AND STATE PROCEEDINGS FOR THEIR NONFULLFILLMENT HAVE BEEN
INSTITUTED AGAINST NO ONE. THE CPSU CENTRAL COMMITTEE HAS
NOT REPORTED TO THE SOVIET PEOPLE AND THE PARTY THE REASONS
FOR THE FAILURE OF ECONOMIC POLICY ADOPTED BY THE 22ND CPSU
CONGRESS FOR A 20-YEAR PERIOD.
THE COUNTRY'S CONTINUING ECONOMIC DETERIORATION, AND -
PEOPLE'S DETERIORATING LIVING STANDARDS, INDICATE THAT THE
MEASURES ADOPTED HAVE NOT REPLACED THE LAWS OF THE EXISTING
ECONOMIC SYSTE^i, WHICH PUNISHES ALL INITIATIVE, DEPRIVES
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIALIST SOCIETY OF ANY MATERIAL INTEREST IN
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THEIR LABOR, BARS THE PATH TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
PROGRESS AND ENCOURAGES OBSCURANTISM, EXAGGERATED REPORTS,
AND THE ISSUE OF LOW QUALITY, AND IN SOME CASES TOTALLY
UNNECESSARY, GOODS; THE ARTIFICIAL CREATION OF DEFICITS;
HIGH, ECONOMICALLY UNJUSTIFIED PRICE DIFFERENTIALS FOR
ESSENTIAL GOODS; AND POOR PRODUCTIVE, LABOR AND EXECUTIVE
DISCIPLINE.
THE 27TH PARTY CONGRESS WILL ADOPT A "NEW WORDING" OF THE
CPSU PROGRAM FOR THE PERIOD UP TO THE YEAR 2000, WHICH BY
ANY ECONOMIC INDEX IS A HUGE STEP BACKWARDS FROM THE "OLD
WORDING". IT PROGRAPiS THE SOVIET UNION'S CONTINUING LAG
BEHIND THE ADVANCED COUNTRIES OF THE WEST IN INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION, LIVING STANDARDS AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY. AS
REGARDS THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOVIET LABOR UNTIL THE YEAR
2000, FOR EXAMPLE, IT IS NECESSARY FOR INDUSTRY AND
AGRICULTURE TO REACH ONLY 50 PER CENT OF US PRODUCTION IN
1984.
THE CRISIS OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM IS CLOSELY CONNECTED TO
THE POLITICAL CRISIS, WHICH CONCERNS SUCH FUNDAMENTAL
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIALIST STATE AS THE
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, PRESS AND ASSEMBLY, OF PERSONAL IMMUNITY,
PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE AND TELEPHONE CALLS, AND THE FREEDOM
TO JOIN ORGANIZATIONS.
THE EVER DEEPENING POLITICAL CRISIS AFFECTS THE VERY
FOUNDATIONS OF THE SOCIALIST STATE, NOT MERELY SEPARATE
ASPECTS OF ITS ACTIVITY. IT AFFECTS THE SUBSTRUCTURE OF
SOCIALISM, NOT JUST ITS SEPARATE OUTBUILDINGS OR STOREYS.
AND HOWEVER OFTEN IT IS DECLARED THAT ALL FLAWS IN SOVIET
SOCIETY ARE DUE TO THE LACK OF THE NECESSARY INITIATIVE,
RIGOROUSNESS, PRINCIPLES, CRITICISM AND SELF-CRITICISM IN
"CERTAIN PEOPLE"; OR TO THE PRESENCE "IN CERTAIN PLACES AND
ORGANIZATIONS" OF BUREAUCRATICISM, RED TAPE AND WHITEWASH;
OR THE INADEQUACY "IN A NUMBER OF CASES" OF THE
ADMINISTRATIVE MECHANISM, THE PRIMITIVENESS OF ECONOMIC
METHODS, THE SWELLING ADMINISTRATIVE APPARATUS, THE
"EXCESSES" OF CEI~'TRALIZATION OR DECENTRALIZATION (WHICH ARE
APPARENTLY UNCONNECTED TO THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MOST
ADVANCED SOCIAL-POLITICAL SOCIETY) - DESPITE ALL THIS, NO
ONE CAN PROPOSE ANY EVOLUTIONARY SOLUTION TO THE PRESENT
CRISIS. MOREOVER, THE TIME FOR ANY POSSIBLE RESOLUTION HAS
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IT IS NECESSARY, BEFORE IT IS T00 LATE, FOR THE COUNTRY
AND THE SOVIET PEOPLE TO TAKE URGENT MEASURES OF A
REVOLUTIONARY NATURE TO REBUILD THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF
THE SOCIALIST STRUCTURE, AND TO CRRY OUT THE NECESSARY
CHANGES IN ITS SUPERSTRUCTURE WHICH CAN LEAD SOVIET SOCIETY
FRO`1 ITS BLIND ALLEY; MAKE THE SOVIET UNION AN EXAMPLE FOR
OTHER STATES AS REGARDS PEOPLE'S LIVING STANDARDS AND CIVIL
RIGHTS, AIr'D THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SILENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY; RESOTRE ITS AUTHORITY IN THE WORLD COMMUNIST AND
LABOUR MOVEPIENT; AND ALLOW IT TO OCCUPY ITS PLACE IN
II\^TERNATIONAL SOCIETY, AS IS PROPER TO A GREAT POWER.
IT IS THE DEEP CONVICTION OF THE MSR THAT A NUMBER OF
FUNDAMENTAL MEASURES MUST BE TAKEN, IN THE FIRST INSTANCE.
1) PRESS FREEDOM: THE "WATERGATE SCANDAL" IN AMERICA, AND
PRESIDENT NIXON'S RESIGNATION; THE DISCLOSURES OF THE
JOURNAL DER SPIEGEL IN THE GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC, AND THE
RESIGNATION OF DEFENSE MINISTER STRAUSS; THE "LOCKHEED
SCANDAL" IN JAPAN, AND THE RESIGNATION AND TRIAL OF FORMER
PRIME MINISTER TANAKA; THE BLOWING UP OF THE RAINBOW WARRIOR
IN NEW ZEALAND, AND THE RESIGNATION OF FRENCH FOREIGN
MINISTER HERNU -- THESE AND MANY OTHER EXAMPLES SHOW THAT A
PRESS INDEPENDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RULING PARTY CAN
PLAY AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST CORRUPTION
AND LA1,'-BREAKING, EVEN IF THESE CRIMES INVOLVE THE HIGHEST
POLITICIANS IN THE STATE.
THE CREATION OF A PRESS INDEPENDENT OF PARTY AND STATE
WOULD ENCOURAGE A MORE EFFECTIVE STRUGGLE AGAINST THE CRIMES
OF INDIVIDUALS; IT WOULD INFORM SOVIET PEOPLE MORE DEEPLY
AIr'D COMPREHENSIVELY ABOUT LIFE WITHIN THEIR COUNTRY AND
BEYOND ITS BORDERS; IT WOULD HELP TO MAKE SOVIET PEOPLE
BETTER INFORMED, AND ALLOW THEM TO MAKE A MORE OBJECTIVE
ASSESS"1ENT OF EVENTS AND STATE AND PARTY OFFICIALS.
IN A DRAFT FOR A RESOLUTION ON THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS,
LENIN WROTE: "THE WORKERS' AND PEASNATS' STATE UNDERSTANDS
BY THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS... THE GRANTING TO EVERY GROUP
OF CITIZENS OF CERTAIN NUMBER (SAY, 10,000) OF THE USE OF A
CORRESPONDING SHARE OF PAPER SUPPLIES AND PRINTING
FACILITIES."
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2). TO STOP PERSECUTING PEOPLE FOR THEIR POLITICAL AND
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, AND T GUARANTEE THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH:
THE EXISTING APPARATUS OF REPRESSION, AND THE MEASURES IT
TAKES, LEADS TO HYPOCRISY, BIGOTRY, UNPRINCIPLED BEHAVIOUR
AND SERVILITY. SOVIET CITIZENS HAVE BEEN TRAINED TO LEAD A
DOUBLE LIFE -- ONE, AMONGST THEIR FAMILY AND FRIENDS, WHERE
THEY CAN HAVE THEIR OWN THOUGHTS, IDEAS, DREAMS AND
OPINIONS, AND THE OTHER, IN OFFICIAL SITUATIONS AND AT
MEETINGS, WHERE THEY HAVE TO BE PUPPETS, PROGRAMMED IN
OFFICIAL IDEOLOGY, MADE TO SPEAK AND ACT "CORRECTLY,"
ACCORDING TO THE ACCEPTED STEREOTYPE, TO REPEAT THE
PRONOUNCEMENTS OF HIGHER-RANKING LEADERS, THEIR IDEAS, THEIR
OPINIONS ON EVERY ASPECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY FROM FOREIGN
POLICY AND .QUESTIONS OF IDEOLOGY TO THE WIDTH OF A PAIR OF
TROUSERS AND THE LENGTH OF A JACKET. THE ANSWER TO THE
PROBLEM OF PEOPLE'S "INABILITY" TO SPEAK AT MEETINGS WITHOUT
NOTES IS THAT SOVIET PEOPLE ARE FORCED TO REPEAT THE
THOUGHTS OF OTHERS.
IN SOME CASES, THE SUPPRESSION OF FREE SPEECH FORCES
PEOPLE TO SET UP ILLEGAL AND SEMI-LEGAL GROUPS OF A
POLITICAL OR RELIGIOUS NATURE. IN SOME CASES, IT LEADS TO
PROMINENT CULTURAL FIGURES -- ARTISTS, WRITERS AND
SCIENTISTS -- EMIGRATING ABROAD, WHERE THEY ARE ACTIVE IN
ANTI-SOVIET CIRCLES. AND IN SOME CASES, MUCH MORE WORRYING
FOR THE STATE, IT LEADS TO THE ORGANISATION OF ARMED
PROTESTS WITH POLITICAL AIMS -- AS HAPPENED IN RIGA ON ONE
OF THE WARSHIPS OF THE BALTIC FLEET -- OR OF HIGHLY-PLACED
KGB OFFICIALS GOING OVER TO THE ENEMY. TO GRANT FREEDOM OF
SPEECH AND THE PRESS WOULD MAKE FORA HEALTHIER POLITICAL
SITUATION IN OUR COUNTRY, STRENGTHEN THE MORAL-POLITICAL
UNITY OF THE SOVIET PEOPLE, AND HELP TO EDUCATE THEM IN THE
SPIRIT OF GENUINE PATRIOTISM AND LOVE FOR THEIR COUNTRY.
WITHOUT FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS THERE ;IS NO PROPER
PUBLICITY. AND "WITHOUT PUBLICITY," SAID LENIN,
"IT IS RIDICULOUS TO TALK OF DEMOCRACY..."
3) TO PROVIDE THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS FOR THE
CREATION OF ALTERNATIVE POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS: THE ONE-
PARTY SYSTEM OPERATING IN THIS COUNTRY WAS CREATED BY LENIN
AS THE POLITICAL EXPRESSION OF THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE _
PROLETARIAT, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DESTROYING THE OLD SOCIAL-
POLITICAL SYSTEM, SUPPRESSING THE REMNANTS OF THE EXPLOITING
CLASSES, AND CONSTRUCTING A NEW SOCIALIST SOCIETY. NOW THAT -
THE FULL AND FINAL VICTORY OF SOCIALISM IS COMPLETE, THE
DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT HAS FULFILLED ITS HISTORIC
MISSION, AS REGARDS ITS INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT, AND IS NO
LONGER NECESSARY.
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THE STATE WHICH AROSE AS A STATE OF THE DICTATORSHIP OF
THE PROLETARIAT, HAS TURNED INTO A SOCIALIST, PUBLIC
GOVERNMENT, WHOSE POLTIICAL STRUCTURE STILL RETAINS THE ONE-
PARTY SYSTEM, AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE
PROLETARIAT, AND EXCLUDES POLITICAL PLURALISM.
IN CAPITALIST SOCIETY, THE POLTIICAL WILL OF THE RULING
CLASS IS EXPRESSED THROUGH THE BOURGEOIS STATE MECHANISM OF
A POLITICAL PARTY (OR ALLIANCE OF PARTIES), WHICH IN
COMPETITION WITH OTHER PARTIES, INCLUDING COMMUNISTS,
ADVANCES THE PROGRAM MOST CLOSELY CORRESPONDING TO ITS CLASS
INTERESTS AT THAT STAGE OF ITS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. IT
MAY ADVERTISE TO THE PEOPLE ITS PROGRAM'S CORRECTNESS DURING
ELECTIONS, AND IF THE WINNING PARTY CANNOT CARRY OUT ITS
PROMISES WHEN IN OFFICE, THE RULING CLASS WILL GIVE ITS
SUPPORT TO ANOTHER BOURGEOIS PARTY AT THE NEXT ELECTION.
THIS SYSTEM OF REPLACEABILITY, AND THE COMPETITION OF
SEVERAL POLITICAL PARTIES FOR THE BEST DEFENCE OF THE
INTERESTS OF THE RULING CLASS AND THE BEST ARRANGEMENT OF
ITS POLITICAL AND ECONOPIIC NEEDS, HELPS TO INTRODUCE NEW
IDEAS INTO THE RUNNING OF STATE AND PARTIES, AND TO CREATE
CONSTITUTIONAL IMMUNITY AGAINST SLUGGISHNESS, INERTIA AND
CONSERVATISM, BUREACRACY, IRRESPONSIBILITY,
UNCONTROLLABILITY, THE ABUSE OF POWER AND THE OTHER CHRONIC
DISEASES NATURAL TO A PARTY PERMANENTLY IN POWER.
THE CREATION IN THE USSR OF DIFFERENT POLITICAL
ORGANIZATIONS, ALL WITH THE ULTIMATE AIM OF BUILDING A
SOCIALIST SOCIETY; THE COMPETITION BETWEEN THEM FOR THE BEST
PROGRAM OF ACTION IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR RULING CLASS --
THE WORKERS, PEASATr"TS AND INTELLIGENTSIA -- AND FOR THE
RIGHT TO REPRESENT THEIR INTERESTS IN THE HIGHEST JURIDICAL
AND EXECUTIVE ORGANS; THEIR FULL RESPONSIBILITY TO THE
PEOPLE AND CONTROL BY THE PEOPLE (IN ALTERNATIVE POLITICAL
ORGANIZATIONS, FREEDOPI OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS) IN PUTTING
THIS PROGRAM INTO PRACTICE -- ALL THIS WOULD BE A
C~UALITATIVELY NEW STEP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET
DEMOCRACY, AND IN THE INVOLVEMENT OF ALL SOVIET CITIZENS IN
GENUINE SOCIALIST SELF-GOVERNMENT.
"EVERY CITIZEN MUST BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO
PARTICIPATE IN DISCUSSING THE LAWS OF THE STATE, IN ELECTING
HIS REPRESENTATIVES, AND IN PUTTING STATE LAWS INTO
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PRACTICE," SAID LENIN
1) TO OBSERVE THE OBJECTIVELY EXISTING ECONOMIC LAW:
ACCORDING TO THE MARXIST-LENINIST CONCEPTION OF ECONOMIC
PROCESSES, THERE EXIST GENERAL ECONOMIC LAWS FOR EVERY
SOCIAL-ECONOMIC FORMATION, WHICH OPERATE OBJECTIVELY AND DO
NOT DEPEND ON THE CONSCIOUSNESS OR WILL OF PEOPLE. THESE
GENERAL ECONOMIC LAWS -- ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RELATIONS
OF PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, EXCHANGE AND CONSUMPTION -- ARE
AS OBJECTIVE FOR EVERY METHOD OF PRODUCTION AS ARE THE LAWS
OF MATHEMATICS OR PHYSICS.
THE RELATIONS OF PROPERTY -- PRIVATE AND PUBLIC -- TO THE
MEANS OF PRODUCTION DOES NTO ALTER THE ACTION OF THESE
LAWS, AND THEIR INFRINGEMENT LEADS TO SLUMPS AND CRISIS IN
THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM, TO "SKIDS" IN THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM,
AND IN THE FINAL ANALYSIS, TO A SLOWING OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
AND TO ECONOMIC LAG. THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLES OF THE
DISREGARD OF THE ECONOMIC LAWS IN THE USSR, AND THEIR
REPLACEMENT BY RESOLUTE PRONOUNCEMENTS, WAS THE LIQUIDATION
OF THE LENINIST POLICY OF STATE CAPTALISM (THE NEW ECONOMIC
POLICY), AND THE COLLECTIVIZATION OF THE RURAL ECONOMY. IN
RECEr'T TIMES, ABOUT 80 PER CENT OF ALL COLLECTIVE ARMS ARE
UNPROFITABLE AND EXIST AT THE EXPENSE OF THE STATE (IN 1984
ALONE, ABOUT 50 MILLION TONS OF GRAIN WERE IMPORTED, THAT
IS, 25 PER CENT OF THE COUNTRY'S NEEDS). WHILE IN THE
SPHERE OF SERVICES AND THE MANUFACTURE OF CONSUMER GOODS,
THE USSR COMPARES ONLY WITH THE MOST BACKWARD OF THE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
2) TO EXPAND THE RIGHTS OF EA"fERPRISES, ON A FULLY SELF- -~
SUPPORTING BASIS: THERE MUST BE AN EXPANSION OF THE RIGHTS
OF PROFITABLY OPERATING ENTERPRISES, ALONG WITH A
DECENTRALIZATION OF STATE PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION, AND =
THE TRANSFER OF POWERS FROM CENTRAL TO LOCAL ORGANS, WHERE
THE MATERIAL GOODS ARE ACTUALLY PRODUCED. WHILE GRANTING
WIDE INITIATIVES TO LOCAL ENTERPRISES, THEIR MATERIAL
RESPONSIBILITIES, TO BOTH CONSUMERS AND NEIGHBOURING
ENTERPRISES, MUST BE INCREASED. THE ECONOMIC SIMULATION OF
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PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY, AND THE PAYMENT TO WORKERS AND
OFFICIALS FOR THEIR LABOR, MUST BE MADE MORE DEPENDENT ON
THEIR OUTPUT.
3) TO OFFER OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE
INITIATIVE IN THE SPHERE OF SERVICES AND THE PRODUCTION OF
CONSUMER GOODS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE INITIATIVE IN THE
CREATION BY SEPARATE CITIZENS (OR GROUPS OF CITIZENS) OF
SPiALL ENTERPRISES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONSUMER GOODS, AND
IN THE PUBLIC SERVICES SECTOR, AND IN PUBLIC EATING PLACES,
RESULTS, AS IS DEMONSTRATED BY THE EXPERIENCE OF THE NEW
ECONOPIIC POLICY, IN SPEEDY AND SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS,
k'ITHOUT STATE CAPITAL INVESTMENT, IN THE PROVISION OF
FOODSTUFFS AND ESSENTIAL GOODS; IN A REDUCTION IN STATE
EXPENSES AND THE CREATION OF A SUPPLEMENTARY SOURCE OF
REVENUE IN TAXATION FROP1 PRIVATE TRADERS.
AS LENIN SAID IN 1921: "THIS (THE FREEDOM OF CAPITALIST
DEB LOPMENT) IS NOT SOMETHING FOR SOCIALISM TO BE AFRAID OF,
AS LONG AS TRANSPORTION AND MAJOR INDUSTRY REMAIN THE HANDS
OF THE PROLETARIAT."
4) TO ALLOW SOVIET CITIZENS THE RIGHT TO RENT FARM
MACHINES AND LAND FOR CULTIVATION, AND TO REPAY THE STATE
WITH A PROPORTION OF THEIR CROPS: THE SURPLUSES OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION N'ILL BE THE PROPERTY OF THE LESSEE,
AND CAN BE SOLD IN THE MARKETPLACE. A COMPARISON WITH
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE U.S. AND% THE USSR
DEMONSTRATE THAT LEASE-HOLDERS HAVE HUGE POTENTIAL RESERVES:
IN THE U.S., THE AVERAGE CROP-CAPACITY IS MORE THAN DOUBLE
THAT IN THE USSR. MOREOVER, SEVEN TIMES MORE LABOUR IS
EXPENDED ON HARVESTING 100 KILOS OF WHEAT IN THE USSR THAN
IN THE U.S.
THE SYSTEM OF RENTING LAND AND MACHINES IN ORDER TO RAISE
CAPACITY AND PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCE LABOR, AND TO PROMOTE
TF1E PERSONAL INTEREST OF LESSEES IN THE RESULTS OF THEIR
LABOR, N'ILL LEAD TO THE CREATION OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE FARMS,
AND WILL ULTIMATELY PROVIDE THE COUNTRY WITH ESSENTIAL
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE. IT MUST NOT BE FORGOTTEN THAT RUSSIA
WAS AN EXPORTER OF GRAIN.
S) NOT TO OBSTRUCT THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE HOLDINGS
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ON COLLECTIVE FARMS, ALLOTMENTS AND DACHA COOPERATIVES, OR
THE SALE TO TOWN-DWELLERS OF UNUSED PEASANT HOUSES: THE
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE PLOTS AND THE SALE OF THEIR
PRODUCE IN THE MARKETS CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE THE SUPPLY
OF FOODSTUFFS TO THE TOWNS AND THE PEASANT POPULATION, AND
LEAD TO A REDUCTION OF MARKET PRICES.
AT PRESENT, PERSONAL HOLDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ABOUT 2 PERCENT
OF ALL LAND UNDER CULTIVATION, AND CONTAIN ABOUT 20 PERCENT
OF ALL STATE-OWNED PIGS, AND OVER 30 PERCENT OF THE COWS.
THESE HOLDINGS THUS YIELD ON AVERAGE 30 PER CENT OF ALL MEAT
AND MILK, 35 PER CEri"T OF ALL VEGETABLES, 40 PERCENT OF ALL
EGGS, 60 PER CENT OF ALL POTATOES, AND UP TO 70 PER CENT OF
ALL FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. FURTHERMORE, IT SHOULD BE
EMPHASISED THAT THE STATE PROVIDES NO FUNDS FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THESE HOLDINGS, AND DOES NOT PAY THEIR OWNERS
FOR THEIR LABOR, AND SINCE THERE IS NO ADMINISTRATIVE
APPARATUS (LIKE PARTY OR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES) IN CHARGE OF
THE LAND HOLDERS, IT DOES NOT PAY ANY ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES.
6) TO CREATE THE CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PRIVATE TRADE: IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ENACT MEASURES TO MAKE
FULL USE OF THE INITIATIVES AND INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE AND
THE SOCIALIST STATE WITHOUT MAKING USE OF PRIVATE TRADE,
CONDUCTED BY AN ECONOMIC COALITION OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISES,
LESSEES, SMALLHOLDERS AND CONSUMERS IN THE MARKETPLACE. THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE TRADE THROUGH THE CREATION OF SMALL
TRADING ENTERPRISES IS ECONOMICALLY NECESSARY FOR THE
FUNCTIONING, ACCORDING TO LENINIST PRECEPTS, OF THE ECONOMIC
MECHANISM OF STATE CAPITALISM.
"THE EXCHANGE OF GOODS AND THE FREEDOM OF TRADE
INEVITABLY MEANS THE APPEARANCE OF CAPITALISTS AND
CAPITALIST RELATIONS," SAID LENIN. "THERE IS NO REASON FOR
US TO FEAR THIS. THE WORKERS' STATE HAS IN ITS HANDS ENOUGH
RESOURCES TO KEEP THESE RELATIONS WITHIN PROPER LIMITS..."
THE PROPOSED PROGRAM OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC
TRANSFORMATION IS THE HIGHEST CREATIVE DEVELOPMEA"T OF
MARXIST-LENINIST TEACHING ON THE STATE, BASED ON THE
EXPERIENCE OF SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION IN THE USSR AND OTHER
SOCIALIST COUNTRIES.
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IN THE POLITICAL REALM, THE PROGRAM DENOUNCES ALL
VIOLATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE USSR BY STATE AND
PARTY ORGANS, AND OFFERS SOVIET CITIZENS THE REAL
OPPORTUNITY FOR SUCH CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AS THE FREEDOM OF _
SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS, AND OF POLITICAL, CREATIVE AND
RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY; INDEPENDENCE OF TRIAL, AND THE
RECALLABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT
ORGANS OF SOVIET POWER.
VM/SP CONVERSATIONAL MONITOR SYSTEM
THE NEW POLITICAL STRUCTURE WILL ALLOW THE REALIZATION OF
THE LENINIST DEMAND, FUNDAMENTAL FOR A SOCIALIST STATE, ON
THE NEED "...TO LIMIT MUCH MORE PRECISELY THE FUNCTIONS OF
THE PARTY (AND ITS CENTRAL COMMITTEE), AND TO INCREASE THE
RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTONOMY OF SOVIET OFFICIALS AND
INSTITUTIONS...."
THE NEW POLITICAL RULE OF LAW PRECLUDES THE POSSIBILITY
OF INCIDENTAL PEOPLE OCCUPYING HIGH POSITIONS IN THE PARTY
AND STATE AND A REPETITION OF SUCH ANOMALIES OF SOCIALISM AS
PERSONALITY CULT, VOLUIQTARISM, WILLFUL AND ARBITRARY
DECISIONS, SLUGGISHNESS OF THINKING AND IRRESPONSIBILITY.
IN THE ECONOMIC SPHERE THE PROGRAM WOULD PERMIT IN THE
NEXT 2-3 YEARS A DOUBLING OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN INDUSTRY
AND A TRIPLING IN AGRICULTURE, A CONSIDERABLE REDUCTION IN
GRAIN AND FOOD IMPORTS, PROVISION OF THE ENTIRE POPULATION
OF THE COUNTRY WITH BASIC FOODSTUFFS AND THE RAISING OF
TRADE, PUBLIC CATERING AND SERVICES TO THE LEVEL OF
CIVILIZED COUNTRIES.
ADOPTION OF THE PROGRAM WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE RELEASE
OF THE TREMENDOUS CREATIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVE CAPABILITIES OF
THE SOVIET PEOPLE AND THE SOVIET SYSTEM AND WOULD LEAD TO A
FURTHER FLOWERING OF SOVIET CULTURE, ART, LITERATURE, AND
SCIENCE, A CONSIDERABLE RISE IN THE POPULATION'S WELL-BEING,
A GROWTH OF THE SOVIET UNION'S ECONOMIC AND MILITARY MIGHT
AND THE COHESION AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE WORLD SOCIALIST
SYSTE"T .
THE MOVEMEh"T FOR SOCIALIST RENEWAL CALLS ON ALL SOVIET
PEOPLE, REGARDLESS OF THEIR AGE, SEX OR NATIONALITY, THEIR
SOCIAL POSITION OR PARTY STATUS, TO READ THE PROGRAM FOR
SOCIALIST RENEWAL CAREFULLY, ACTIVELY DISCUSS IT WITH THEIR
FAPfILY, FRIENDS, ACQUAINTANCES AND WORK TEAMS, AND TO SEND
ANY SUGGESTIONS OR OBSERVATIONS IN LETTERS TO SOVIET PAPERS,
JOURNALS, RADIO, AIv'D TELEVISION.
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THE MOVEMENT FOR SOCIALIST RENEWAL EXPRESSES THE HOPE
THAT THE SOVIET MASS MEDIA, CHALLENGED TO GRANT PEOPLE THEIR
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, WILL DO ITS DUTY BY THEM AND DO
EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO ACQUAINT OTHERS WITH THE PROGRAM OF
SOCIALIST RENEWAL, AND THAT THE SOVIET LEGAL ORGANS,
CHALLENGED TO DEFEND AND GUARANTEE THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
OF CITIZENS OF THE USSR, WILL NOT PERSECUTE THESE CITIZENS
FOR THEIR POLITICAL BELIEFS.
SHOULD THIS PROGRAPf BE PUBLISHED IN THE SOVIET PRESS, THE
LEADERS OF THE MOVEMENT FOR SOCIALIST RENEWAL ARE PREPARED
TO APPEAR ON CENTRAL TELEVISION TO DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS
MENTIONED IN THEIR PROGRAM:
MOVEMENT FOR SOCIALIST RENEWAL, NOVEMBER 21, 1985,
LENINGRAD.
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VM/SP CONVERSATIONAL MONITOR SYSTEM
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