LETTER TO WILLIAM J. CASEY FROM EDWIN J. FEULNER, JR.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88G01116R000500500016-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 54
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 30, 2011
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: April 22, 1986
• Content Type: LETTER

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ROUTING AND TRANSMITTAL SLIP oaa
28 Apr 86
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DO NOT uss this form as a RECORD of approvals, concurrences, disposals,
clearances, and similar actions
FROM: (Name, org. symbol, Agency/Post) Room No.-Bldg.
5041-102 -
x} U. S. G.P.O. 1977-241-530/3090
OPTIONAL FORM 41 (Rev. 7 76)
Pnecribed py OEA
FPMIR (41 CF10 101-11.206
1986
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United States Advis`~ry ~` ~mmission
on Public Diplomacy
Washington, D. C. 20547
April 22, 1986
The Honorable
William J. Casey
Director
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
The U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy recently
submitted its 1986 report to the President and the Congress. A
copy is enclosed.
Our report addresses a broad range of public diplomacy
programs including the Voice of America, the WORLDNET
television network, U.S. Government educational exchange
programs, USIA management, the Radio Marti program, the
National Endowment for Democracy, the impact of U.S. embassy
security policies on public diplomacy, and the role of public
diplomacy in support of U.S. anti-terrorism policies and future
U.S.-Soviet summits.
The Commission is a bipartisan, independent group of
citizen volunteers whose legislative mandate is to represent
the public interest in assessing the public diplomacy of the
United States. I hope you will find the report of interest,
and I would welcome your views on its findings and
recommendations.
Sincerely,
Edwin J. Feulner, Jr.
Chairman
GNU -~
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What Is Public Diplomacy?
i
f the meeting between Presi-
dent Reagan and General Scc-
retarv Gorbachev in Genera
was the most important dip-
lomatic event of the past year,
it was also the focus of one of
the most comprehensive pu~-
lic diplomacy efforts ever under-
taken by the U.S. Information
Agency.
USIA's role before, during, and
after the Genera Summit denum-
strates what public diplomacy has
come to mean in the 1980x. F,very
major elrmcnt of USIA was in-
eolyai.
^ President Reagan's radio :ui-
dress to thr Soviet people from a
Voice of America studio and all
major speeches by senior U.S. frn'-
cign policy officials wrrc broadclst
in 42 languages to VOA's world-
wide weekly audience of 119 mil-
lion listeners.
^ Public Affairs Officers at 214
embassies and consulates around
nc~ world briefed thousands of
journalists and other opinion lcad-
ers on U.S. policies and Summit
objectives.
^ Official texts, transcripts,
speeches, feanlre articles, and pol-
icy hackgrounders were n'ansmir-
rcd clecn-onically by USIA's Wirc-
less File to all USIA posts.
^ "I'he U.S.-Soyicr exchanges
agreement negotiated h_y USIA vui
signed at Genera will expand ac-
ademic, cultural and scientific ex-
changes, including Fulbrighr
scholars and teachers; permit triycl
of prrtorming arts groups and
sports exchanges; and allow USIA
to mount thematic exhibits and
continue disn-ibution of Aszrcr?icR
I!la[stz?c~ttc~ magazine.
^ USIA's Office of Research pre-
pared public opinion analyses, flash
Oplmon SUI"~'eyS, aSSeSSnlenrti Ot
Soyict propaganda, background
studies, media reaction reports,
briefings, and participated in an
NSC pre-Summit simulation ex-
CCCISC.
^ The Foreign Press Center in
Washington arranged pre-Summit
interviews with President Reagan,
numerous press briefings with sen-
ior U.S. officials, and a press tour
on SI~I for foreign journalists and
television correspondents.
^ President Rrlgan's interview
with European TV journalists and
post-Summit report to Congress,
transmitted via USIA's WORLI)-
NET satellite television network,
were part of the more than 18 hours
of satellite television broadcasts
devoted to the Summit.
^ USIA's American Participant
speakers program brought many
U.S. officials and private experts
ro foreign audiences through n-ayel
and international telephone con-
tercnce calls.
^ In Genera, a ream of 27 USIA
officers provided press support and
distributed 62 separate White
House transcripts, tact sheets, and
of~ici:>J texts totalling 102,000 pages
to the 3,000 journalists awcring
the Summit.
U.S. public diplomacy efforts
were an important clement in the
success at Genera. Through USIA's
media and the personal comic of
its communications professionals,
millions received, direct and un-
tiltered, the U.S. agenda for the
Summit and its rationale for drll-
ing with issues of regional and bi-
lateral concern, human rights, and
arms control. The Conu?ission
commends thr President, the Scc-
retarv of State, and the Director
of USIA for using wisely and well
the valuable instruments of public
diplomacy available to them.
Public diplomacy supplcnunrs
and reinforces traditional diplo-
macy by explaining U.S. policies
to foreign publics, by providing
them with information about
American society and culture, by
enabling many to experience the
diyersiri~ of our culture personally,
and by assessing foreign public
opinion for American Ambassa-
dors and foreign policy dccision-
makers in the United States.
Advanced communications
technology, growing audiences,
and recognition by most world
leaders of the value of obtaining
public support for their statements
and actions has given public di-
plonruynew imporruxe. USIA in
this decade has made an exn-aor-
dinary capital invesnncnr in nc~ fu-
ture and has become a toll partner
in the conduct of our country's tor-
eign relations.
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In acan-d:u~cr ~~~ith the ~rquirements of Srction 8, Rrorganiration Plan
No. 2 01 1977 and Public I,aw~ 96-60, the United States Ad~~isor~~
Conunission on Public 1)iplomac~~ submits hcrc~~~ith its annual rrhort
on the U.S. Int~n-nririon Agcnr~~, and the acti~?itics of the U.S. Go~~-
rrnnxnt concerning huhlic dihlomar~~.
Rrst~ccrtulle submitted,
F.d~~ in J. t~culncr, Jr., Chairman
President, The Heritagr Foundation
Virginia (R)
c. rohcrt (hob) ~~allach "I~om (~. Iund
mangy' rclsons to he cn-
coura~~e~i. ~1"hr United
Stars is making a significant, long-
u~ rrdue ins rstmrnt in its intcr-
natlon;ll Into)"tttatlon ;lnd CdnCa-
tion;tl rsrhange progr;tats.
~1'hr l'. S. Information Agrns~~
has rntbarkrd on a course marked
h~ innu~~ation, nr~~~ ~~igor, ;uui pro-
~?r;un rspansion. USIA is setting
the parr in intonation;tl satrllitr
trlr,~ision. State-ot~-the-art cont-
nunticitions trshnologirs arc ;alh, Assistant Src-
rrr:u-v' of Srtn? ti>r East Asian and
I'acitic Affairs Paul ~1'oltt~vv'itr, As-
sisranr Sccrctu"~' ofStitr t~~r Anur-
irul Republics Atl~airs Elliorr
;~hranls, Ambassador Max l~:un-
prlnlan, ;~mhassador Ed\\;u-d
Rovv'nv', Ambassador' Miler Mans-
tirld, Ambassador Arthur b'~'.
1 lununrl, Ambassador Hrlcnc \'on
llanun-C;urrtlrr, Ambassador
l~rucr Ih. Chapman, Ambassador
Rohm Klark\\ ill, Consul C;cncral
Burton l,cv~in, Adv"isorv~ Board tin-
Radio I~roadcasring ro Cuba
Chairman ]orgy Mas, National
1=.ndovv~mrnr t~>r l)cmocracv'
(NI?:1)) Board Chairman John
Rich:u-dson, NE1) l'rrsidcnt Carl
C~rlshnl:ul, Admiral Rohhv R. In-
I11:111, ]:lp:tllrsl? }'orl'1fT,I1 i'~llmsrcr
Shintoro Ahr, 1)irrctor of Ex-
hibits fir nc~'1'sukuha (J:lean) In-
tcrnationa) l~,xposition Irrri 'I'ak-
rda, Chinrsr ~'icr Prcmirr Ji
Prngtci, Chinrsr ~"ire ,~tinistrr of
Culture Lu Ghixian, Rrijing ~Ini-
v"rrsits Prrsidrnr Ding Shisun. Fu-
dan l1niscrsit\' Prrsidrnt \ir Xidr,
l~:ast-~1'cst Crntrr l)irrcror ~'itror
l.i, .uu1 East-~~'rst Crntrr Board
of C~osrrnors Chairman Grorgr
(~haplin.
l'hr Commission rrstitied in
badger hr:uings on L'SIA held hs
the IIousr l~orrign Affairs Suh-
tonunirtrr on Inrcrnarional Op-
rrations and rhr Sc?natc Forci:rn
Relations Committee. In l~cccm-
hcr, the Commission issued a spe-
cial report, "Terrorism and Secu-
riCV?: The Challenge fur Public
1)iplonruv'," to the Presidrnt,
Mrmhcrs ofCungress, and kcv~ ot-
finals in the t;~~~
s
~~~~?~ Budget (1967-1986)*
oo
Total ftudgcdActual Dollars
?'. Operating Expenses/Actual llollars
700
Olxrating F,zpcnses/Constant Dollars
600
'Lt recent vrars, i?S[A's total ap-
propriation included timds for
500
y0A modernization, VOA's
Radio Marti program, and nc~ -
Natiunal Endowment for De-
nuxrac~~, which did not exist in
nc~ 1960s and the 1970x.
aoo
aoo
aoo
loo
1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982
1985
he Commission sup-
ports President Rea-
gan's FY 1987 budget
request for USIA of
$959.2 million. The rc-
quest is an increase of
$104.5 million from the
Agency's FY 1986 appropriation
of $854.7 trillion. ~
Disnrtvcd by the erosion of
budget and staff resources Ior pub-
lic diplomacy during the past two
decades, this Commission has am-
sistcntly adyocatcd Chat USIA be
given the toads and people it needs
to perform its essential mission well.
We appreciate that President Rea-
gan, USIA Director Charles 1..
Wick, and a bipartisan consensus
Coach Peter Barry of Southern Oregon State College, a participant in USIA's
Spurts Arnerica program, conducts a basketball morksherp for members of the Somali
uatio~~al team.
in the Congress together in recent
years have brought USIA a long
way toward this goal. USIA's
growth is fully justified. Com-
pared with the expenditures of other
foreign affairs and defense agen-
cies, it is a small but wise invest-
ment in our national security.
The term "Gramm-Rudnuui-
Hollings" has entered the Ameri-
can political vocabulary, however,
and USIA is not exempt Ii-om its
impact USIA will take its share of
reductions, but the Commission
does not wish to see the gains of
recent wars undone. Granu?-
Rudman-Hollings should not mean
trimming on modernization, cut-
ting valuablctraditional programs,
or postponing new initiatives where
technical opportunities and pro-
gram needs warrant.
It should mean that USIA be-
come more conscious, in flu cur-
rent budget climate, of the need
to spend its resources wisely and
well. It should mean that all Agency
grant recipients-traditional "core
groups" and others alike-bc sub-
ject to the savne caretol scrutiny,
periodic review, and program
standards. And within USIA, it
should mean that both new and
established programs be looked at
closely to determine their effec-
tivenessand relevance to the public
diplomac~~ needs of the 1980x.
As we point out throughout this
report, USIA must do a better job
of program evaluation, of estab-
lishing priorities, and of long-range
planning.
'l'SIA's Fl" 1986 appropriation of `S85~F.7
million rcHccts Grimm-Rudman-llollings Aa
reductions of $37.6 million and a pending sup-
plrntcnral of $]7.3 million tr-
cign governments and the tclcvi-
sion industry_ could he lost pcr-
111a11e'lltly.
Whether to commit to daily tcl-
evision broadcasting in language
services worldwide is a major stra-
tegic decision for the United States.
It involves significant budget and
USIA's WORLI~NET antenna in Rome is one of 19 operating in Europe.
staff conuninnents tar beyond cur-
rent levels; judgments on altcrna-
tive technological futures; and
tough choices among competing
progr~uns, including possible trade-
offs with VOA modernization and
the exchange programs. USIA has
been quietly edging into daily tcl-
evision broadcasting without the
rigorous analysis and long-range
planning such a decision needs. In
the Commission's view, it does not
vet have the requisite OMB and
Congressional support The Com-
mission encourages USIA to un-
dertake the audience surveys, care-
ful long-range planning, and
considered assessment of appro-
priate programs and program pol-
icies that expulsion of regional daily
broadcast services will require. The
National Sealriri~ Council should
also examine WORLDNET with
a view toward clarifi~ing its mis-
sion, long-term needs, and appro-
priate instinltional role through the
preparation of a National Security
Decision Directive.
Other Programs
The Television and Film Service
provides a wide range ofother pro-
grams.
1'he TV Satellite File, a weekh~
halt=hour magazine-t~-pe program
of news and features, is used by
140 foreign broadcasters in 110
countries. "Science World," a bi-
weekly "hV magazine on develop-
ments in U.S. scientific research is
distributed to 94 countries. USIA
also produced documentaries for
worldwide distribution on the
"First Ladies' Conference on Drug
Ahusc" and "Artificial Intelli-
gence," as well as extensive cov-
erage of visits to Washington of
foreign heads of state. All of these
programs, including TV Satellite
File, arc distributed on broadcast-
quality videocassettes for use by
foreign television stations and "TV
news syndicators.
USIA's Video Library program,
beg~ul as an experiment in ten posts
two years ago, has now been of-
fered to all Agency posts. A catalog
20
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o~~apprrnint.ttrl~~ l,(lO0 titlrs prr-
ntits posts to tailor srlccrions to
counu~~ intrrrsts .utd acconuno-
d.ttr thr ~~ro~~~ing intporrutcr ot~
honu? ~idro ~~ir~~~ing. Somr posts
report incrrasrd lihrar~~ ns.i~~c ,tn~i
hook louts as an unrxprctrd hrn-
r~it ofthr V'idro I.ihr,u-,~ progr:un.
Prig ate sector cooperation con-
tinues to enhance CS1;\'s trlr~i
sign and i~ilnt acyuisitiotts pro-
~?rant. 1;~~ the beginning ol~ 1956,
CSI;A had aryuirrd the rights to
nun-r than ?25 hours of tilnt ;uxi
trlr~~ision products for usr o~~rr-
sras at no cost to the Agrnr~~. 'l~hr
progr.utts inrludr the 60-parr
"Portrait of ,\ntrrica" series, the
Philip ~Alorris cullrction ofculnn-;tl
and sports progr;utts, ;uul ,-\S('Al'
tributes to Ira Grrsh~~ in and t io~~ -
.ud 1)irtz.
~I~hr trlr~~ision co-production
pro~~ram, one of the Agrnc~~'s nu>st
r~~rcUv~l', pfov~Idr's ;lsslsCallcC to
torrign'l'\' producers in the United
States. B~ arranging their ~ idea
coy wage of puss hrictings, hard-
to-t;rt intrr~ ir~~ s ~~ ith kc~' L'.S. ot-
ticials, and nu?etings ~~~ith orhrr
pruntinrnt Amrric;uts, the 'I'rlr-
~~ision Srr~~icc generates ~~ood ~~~ill,
prime tine' ro~~cragr, and pro-
~~rants on torrign telr~~ision srt-
tions that nt;t~~ hr rrlurrurt to usr
A~~rnc~~-pro~lucr~l programs.
CSI;A is still exploring ho~~~ hest
to usr the ~~rrsatilc ;uu1 po~~~crtul
trlr~~ision ntrdium. It is important
to rxperintrnt, to hr tolerant ot~
~rrasional f~;tilurc, and to continue
to ~~~ork to~~~:u-d the rstthlishmrnt
of~ ;t ~rorld,~~idr s~'strnt of direct
trlr~~ision links to Antcric;ut enr
hassirs ;uui CSIA posts. USIA has
made considrrahle progress, ;utd
,~~r conunrnd the Agcnc~?'s telc-
V'ISlon pfotr'sslonals tol" ChGI"
ac hire rnx?nts.
RIAS Television
RI,~S (Radio in thr Antrrirut Scr-
ror) has hrrn thr prinru-~~ C.S. ;ux1
b\'rst Gcrntan media link ~~ ith East
Germ;ut~~ for the past 3O ~?ears. 1)i-
rrctrd and partl~~ linxied h~~ CSIA
;utd oprrarcd h~~ a AV'rst Grrman
staff, RIAS hroadctsts nc,~~s, cant
ntent;ll"V' Olt 1nTr'1'naClonal cA'rnts,
and intormation on dr~rlopntrnts
~~~ithin Fast Gran;lm~.
ltS[A and \1'cst Grrman otti-
cials arc no~~~ proposing to su}~-
plentent RIAS radio ~~ ith RIAS
telr~~ision. Current },laps call tin- a
one-time L'.S. capital imrstmcnt
of S 12 million for a nc~~~ building
and technical cquipntcnt with rc-
curring annual expenditures of
about $5 million for transmission
costs. AV'cst Gerntam~ ~~~ould com-
mit to paging approsimatch~ S2O
million annualle for salaries and
orhrr operating expenses.
RIAS-'1'\' ~~ould transmit tram
Nest l~rrlin. Its signal ~,'ould cu-rt~
about 25 milts and reach an esti-
marcd 5 million people, including
2 million in West Berlin and 3 mil-
lion in East Berlin anti surround-
ing population centers of East
Gcrmam~. I,v-grr West German
Nepalese patrons >>icu> >ndeotapes at USIA's library in Kathmavidu.
audicnccs can hr rrtchrd if~thc sig-
nal is n-;utsmittrd on cahlr s~ sums.
RIAS-'1'V"s progr;uns ;uui aiito-
rial politics ~~ ould he similar to
those of RIAS radio.
1'hr Commission rinds the jus-
titication for RIAS-'1'V' a>m~inc-
in~.;. Ir ~~~rcign ex-
positions is a trade-off resulting
fi-om expectations that other coun-
n~ics will participate in expositions
in thr United States. U.S. deci-
SlonS ;ll"l' Oltcn IlladC aC The ~~hITC
House or Secretary of Strte Icvcl
without full assessment ofthcir or-
ganizational and resource require-
nll'nts.
The Commission believes that
USIA should tilltill its conu?it-
mcnt to provide a United States
presence at Vanaxlyer Expo '86
and Brisbane Expo '88. Beti>rc the
U.S. commits to additional events
sanctioned ba the Bureau of In-
ternational Expositions, however,
USIA should chair an interagency
study of the politicll, commercial
and public diplomacy value of US.
participation in international ex-
positions, their cost-ettccriyeness,
and appropriate levels of L`.S.
Goyernnunt and private sector
participation in them. USIA should
reassess its own capability as pres-
ently organized to provide high
qualire U.S. pavilions and cx-
hihits.
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1~~ztio~~zll Ev~~rn~~~ent Fov~De~~oc~~~;~
hr National Endownlcnt
for 1)cmocrac\~ \vas cs-
tahlishcd as a Congrrs-
sionally-tinuicd private,
nonprofit corporation in
November 1983 ro rn-
couragc the dcvrlop-
Illl'I1T of drlllocr;ltlc \'allll's ;lnd IIl-
srinltions throughout the \\?orld.
'I'hc Endowment supports busi-
ness organizations, free trade
unions, and a variety of other in-
digenous democratic groups in
countries as divrrsr as Chile,
Nic;u-agua, Poland, Afghanistan,
nc~ I'hilippinrs, and South Ati-irl.
Its board of Dirrrtors is hip;u-ti-
sall.
USIA provides titnds appropri-
ated for rhr F:ndovv~mcnt through
;ul annual grant. In rsrlblishing this
funding arrangrmcnt, Congrrs-
sional torrign attains leaders also
suggcstrd the Commission could
"conn-ihutr usrtilll\ to the over-
sight of the Endoyvmcnr and its
relationship with USIA."" 'I?hc
Commission has nlrr srvrral times
with rhr I'rrsidrnt of the Endow-
nlrnt and mrmhrrs of its board of
Directors.
During its tirsr two y'ru-s, nc~
Endovvmcnr and its grantres en-
countered criticism and inevirlbly
nruic sane nlistlkrs. Rut overall
there have Bern some notable suc-
crssrs, ,lnd rhr F;ndovvmcnt is sup-
por~ing a nunlhrr of progr;uns \vith
considrrahlc long-term potrnrial.
Ezamplcs include:
^ "l.ihro I.ihrr," a Costa Rican-
hasrd Crnn-al American hook pro-
granl, which is publishing low?-cost
editions supportive of dcnx)rrarir
ideals and sponsoring contcrrnces
on dcnx)craric and human rights
thrnlcs;
^ "I'!~e Chiyiese Intellccttrnl, a
Chinese language duarterly \vith a
circulation among Chinese snI-
dents in the Wrst and inside China
itself, which is promoting denx)-
cratic v?alucs and providing sup-
port to young reformist groups in
China;
^ The AFI.-CIO's Frcc "I'radc
Union Institute (FTUI), w~hirh,
among other programs, is helping
to strengthen democratic trade
unions and prevent turthrr Com-
munist pencn-ation of labor unions
in the Philippines;
^ "I~hc Nrvv York-based Com-
mittee in Support of Solidarir\',
which is promoting the translation
and puhlicltion of documents on
Polish w~orkcrs and human rights
issues;
^ 'I~hc U.S. Chamber of Com-
mcrcc's Center for International
Private Enterprise (CITE), \vhich
is providing Peru's Institute fin-
I.ihcm' and Denu>a-acv with tends
for a program of advocacy on hr-
half of small businesses (the "in-
tornrll sector");
^ 'I~hr Republican I'arty-attili-
atrd National Rcpuhlicui Insti-
tute for International Affairs, which
supported nonpartisan voter rdu-
ration programs in Grenada prior
to its 1984 elections; and
^ 1'hc Dcnx)rratic Part-aftili-
atrd National Drnu)rratic Insti-
nttr for International Affairs, which
assisted the Social Democratic and
Labour P;u?tv (SDI,P) of Northern
h-cl;uui in creating an institute for
parts-building and education dc-
vclopntcnt activities.
Since the Endovv-Inent vv'as es-
rlblishai, Congress has taken scr-
cral steps to strcn~rthcn its oper-
ating procedures and public
contidcncc in its activities. Rv' law,
no nun-c than 25 percent of rhr
Endovvnunr's funds nrly now' be
granted to ane single organization.
Prior consultation is reduirrd with
the l~eparnnrnt of State on all En-
do\vnunt-funded programs ovcr-
srls. No Endo\vmcnt funds nrly
be used for domestic partisan pol-
itics, the activities of the Repub-
lican and Democratic National
Conunirrecs, or ;ul\' cuxiidares for
public otticr. All intornlarion re-
lating to the E.ndo\vnunt's organ-
ization, prorrdures, and activities
is puhlirly available, and it must
comply with the Ercaiom of In-
tornrlrion Act Finally-, USIA may
audit the Fndow?mcnt's tinancial
rr;ulsacrions. "l~hc Commission
vvclcomes these changes. 1~hc role
ofthc Endo\vnlrnt is evolving, and
\ve \vill continue to revie\v its
progress with great interest.
"I~he Endowment is tilling ;~ need.
Rrrausr it is a privarr, bipartisan
hody~, it has the tlexihilira to un-
dertake nruly programs that U.S.
Govrrnnlent agencies would trod
difticult ro carry our as rt~ccrivcly.
America's advel-saries work h;lyd
and spend a great deal to challenge
drnu)craric values throughout the
\\?orld. '1?hc F:ndowmcnt \\?as rrc-
ated to meet that challenge and ro
provide a long-ovcrdur American
in\'csnncnt in building dcnu)rratic
institutions and processes. It will
take tinlr and stc;uly, persistent cf-
toI-r. The (;ennmission rndoeses the
Endow?mrnt's goals and believes it
should hr given a rhanrc ro dc-
vclop a rccrn-d.
'(~.nll~n~u~ hcr~cccn Kcl,. Uantc li. I~a.crll anal
Rcl, Rcnj.~min .~ Gilm.ui_ (:nngrrcciannl Rr
trot!, tic,ccmhcr I'", I~)R3, hh. 11 111.33-3
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Educafional and Guttural Programs
Facch~zn~es ~n~Iv~tev~~tio~~zl Visitovs
^ The Commission urges USIA, the Department
of State, and the relevant private sector organi-
zations to move quickly to develop specific pro-
grams for U.S.-Soviet exchanges pursuant to the
General Exchanges accord, other exchange initi-
atives undertaken at the Geneva Summit, and the
agreement by President Reagan and General Sec-
retaryGorbachev to review these programs at their
next meeting.
^ The Commission welcomes the Central Amer-
ican Program on Undergraduate Studies (CAM-
PUS), but finds Congressional limitation to a one-
time pilot group of 154 students falls far short of
the Kissinger Commission's recommendation. The
Commission recommends the program be ex-
panded.
^ The Commission supports funding for enrich-
ment programs to provide the 340,000 foreign
students enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities
with a broader understanding of the United States.
^ The Commission recommends that USIA's Of-
fice of Research undertake evaluations of U.S.
Government-funded exchange and international
visitor programs.
xchange of persons and
cultural presentation
programs can be among
the most cttccti~-e instru-
ments of public diplo-
^ricv. Thca can provide
foreign audiences with a
knowledge of our culture that puts
our policies in perspective. Al-
though their impact on short-term
objectives is often difticult to dis-
cern, the Commission remains
convinced that educational and
cultural exchanges can create un-
derstanding and long-term rela-
tionships that arc very much in the
interests of the United States. As
President Reagan said in his tcle-
vised New Year's message to the
Soyict Union, "If pa>plc in both
countries can visit, snuiy, and work
together, we will strengthen the
bonds of understanding and build
a true foundation for lasting peace."
The Commission does not ques-
tion the fundamental value of ed-
ucational and culniral exchange
programs, but it does believe they
can be greatly strengthened through
rigorous evaluation. Their benefits
arc not self-evident as some ~yould
suggest USIA's FY 1986 budget
for these programs is 5169.3 mil-
lion, approximately 25 percent of
the Agency's enacted operating
budget. With resources of this
magnitude, in the budget climate
nosv~ facing USIA, evaluations
leading to the establishment of
program priorities arc a necessity.
The C;cnnmission is aware that
for management planning pur-
poses USIA's Bureau of F,duca-
tional and Cultural Affairs am-
ducts internal grant reviews and
pcriodicalla contracts for asscss-
ments of some of its programs. We
arc unaware, however, that USIA's
Office of Research has had anv sig-
nificant role in evaluating the Bu-
reau's programs, or the activities
of the private sector organizations
that carr~~ nrmprchensivc
effort to raise a $25 million en-
dowmcnt fund. The Commission
U.S. Fulbright Professor John Hafner conducts a seminar in American literature
at the University of Indonesia's new American Studies Center in Jakarta.
urges the Ccntcr to make increased
support be the private sector and
other govenu~unts a high priority-.
We also encourage USIA's Pub-
lic Affairs Officers in the region to
make greater use of this valuable
resource. Areas to consider include
participation in seminars b~- Inter-
national Visitors and Amparts,
greater post use of East-West Car
ter publications, and greater post
input into the planning and exe-
cution of Ccntcr cecnts and re-
search studies. USIA also should
consider detailing an officer to the
Ccntcr.
Finally, we recommend that the
Ccntcr sponsor resrlrch and pro-
grams in all aspects of narcotics
h-afticking, including the impact of
substance abuse, societal a>nse-
qucnccs for producer and am-
sumcr counn-ies, and the legal is-
sues involved.
40
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 Approved For Release 2011/06/30 :CIA-RDP88G01116R000500500016-5
Management
Security and Public Dip
^ The Commission recommends that legislation
on diplomatic security fully take into account USIA's
public diplomacy mission, the need for relatively
free public access to USIA's libraries and infor-
mation centers, and the desirability that USIA give
visible evidence of the free and open society it
represents.
^ The Commission recommends that legislation
require the Department of State to consult with
USIA on security policies and programs, funding
levels, and security standards. USIA should have
authority and separately identified funds to furnish
logistical security support to its overseas instal-
lationsand to perform its own security inspections.
^ The Commission believes USIA should move
quickly to adopt all reasonable security measures
without jeopardizing its mission. Security deci-
sions affecting USIA should be made on a flexible,
case-by-case basis in full recognition of differences
in local threat levels. These decisions should be
based on Country Team assessments and lead to
the least possible isolation of USIA from its audi-
ences.
^ The Commission recommends that physical se-
curity policies apply equally to U.S. and foreign
national employees at their place of work.
uhlic diplomac~~ is racing
a ne\\' and tund;unrnrll
dilemma. Hovv~ does
USIA remain accessible
to its audirntcs and, at
the same time, protect
the srcurit~~ of its per-
Sonnel and tatlhtleti~
'Terrorist threats and acts of v?io-
Irncr against American diplomats
make it imperarivc that vv?r do more
as a nation to protect U.S. per-
sonnel and installations ov~crsras.
"I~hr prohlrm is urgent, and the
Commission vvrlcomrs the protcC-
tiv'r measures, enhanced profes-
sional standards, and plans to an--
rrtt security drficicnCics at U.S.
embassies rrconunendrd hv? the
Inman Panel on ov?rrsrls seturity~
and amtrmplated in legislation rc-
yurstrd br Prrsidrnt Rclg;tn.
I~:flcCti\'c public diplonru\?,
ho\\e\er, rc~iuirrs that USIA's li-
hraries, Cultural Centers, and press
oftires be accessible to those thcv?
art inrendrd to srrvr. "To "harden"
USIA's buildings, insist on 100-
tixtt setbacks fin- Agenc\ facilities
in urban arras, or rryuirc That thrv'
be nlo\ Cd to rCmote emb;ltis\' tom-
pounds vv'ould greatly diminish
rhrir cttcctiv'rncss.
I~hc Commission sn~on~~ly? hc-
lirv~cs that the threat of terrorism
should not hr allovv'aI to deter the
United States ti~om Conducting
public diplomac~?. l,atc last v?e;u-,
in an rtfi~rt to bring nrcdrd public
attention to this import;mt issue,
vv'r prrp;u-rd a spcrial report ron-
rlining a number of dctailyd rrr-
onu?rndations.
The Commission did not durs-
tion the I)cp:u-nncnt oTSrltc's pri-
marv~ rrsponsibilite in t~n-nutlating
diplomatic srcurity~ policies. But
vv?c recommended that the I~c-
p;u-tnunt takcinto account USIA's
srp;u-atc public diplomacv~ mission
and its 1)ircctor's responsihility- tin-
rarr~~ing it out 'I~hc Commission
is plrasrd that Srcreru-v? of State
Gcorgr Shultz. recognized this
vv~hcn he varotc to USIA I)ircctor
Charles Wick on OCtoher 16, 1985,
"that dittcring ~ sccurit~~ ~ standards
should he applied to ~ VOA ~ relae
stations and libraries." It is im-
portant that this broad policy- br
retlrCtrd in the legislation novv~ he-
titrc the Congress.
'The Commission recommends
that legislation on diplonritiC se-
curity? take into account USIA's
public diplonr.ir~~ mission and the
Recd t~tr rclativ'clr ti?re public ac-
cess to L'SIA's libraries and inhn~-
mation centers. The legislation
should rcCluirc the I)cpartmrnr of
Starr to consult tulle vv~ith USIA
on serurity? politics and programs,
funding Ir\'rls, ;md srcurit~~ stui-
d;u-ds. USIA should hav~r author-
in~ and srp;u-ately idrntiticd funds
to tiu-nish logistical sccurin~ sup-
port to its o\~crsrls installations and
to prrt~~rm its ovv~n srcurity~ in-
spections.
Security' decisions atlctting USIA
should hr made on a flc~ihlr, casc-
h~'-rase basis in tilll recognition of
diffcrrntcs in local threat Irv~rls.
~Thesr decisions should he based
on Counn-v~ Tram assrssnunts and
Irui to the bast possible isolation
oT USIA ti-om its audicntcs. 1?his
approach raiuirrs more than broad
poliCv? statements at the top. It re-
' l~.s.:A~ivi~~~r~~ Gnnmissinn ~~n I'uhlic I>iF~lu
m.~c~, "~rcrr~n-i+m .u xi ticru rite: l'hc (~.hal
Icngc I~u I'uhlic I)ild~nna.c," I)crcmhcr.
1915- G~hic~ .u-c a~.~il.~hlc lium the Cnnunis
,~~~~,_
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quires consultations bcrn~ccn USIA
and the llcpartment of State that
are timely and thorough. To date
they hayc been neither.
The Commission also questions
State Department policies that a?c-
ate dit}crent stvuiards for U.S. vuI
foreign national employees at
USIA's libraries and information
centers. Waivers of 100-toot set-
back standards for USIA's build-
ings should not be contingent on
the rcquircnunt that U.S. cm-
plo~~ecs be located separately from
their foreign national colleagues.
Physical security policies must be
applied equally to all USIA em-
ployees at their place of work.
COMMENTS BY U.S. AMBASSADORS ON SECURITY AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
"I?hr Commission has rrcci~~ed thoughtful conuiunts from a number of American Ambassadors on the need to take the
mission of public diplomac~~ into :account in darling with securin~ concerns in duir country. Typical arc the fr~llon?ing:
Ambassador John D. Scanlan in Yugoslavia
""l ?brr?e is un doubt irr utv zrtntd, pnrtinrlar'h' siua? 1 bore bccrt
dirrcth' lTrl'011'ed Irr USiS ~Zrclgrnzus zlra?isrtt rrrurb of rtn' career irr
the Foreirtu Ser~'ice?, tbnt srrcuxcfirl USLS ~rnt7rnrus require rrasnrt-
nblc public nccrss. I7n?refirrc, i n~~larrd rurn? Couuuissiou's cl~hrt to
rusrn?c that srrih access b~~ audirucc:c n'bich USIS Hurst addrr:cc rt'ill
be' retniued. It is uuh~ through srrih rn'ailabilitl' that USIS cart
Ctrl/ill its zuaudntc. rl t the saruc tituc?, I lirlh~ ligrcc that a~pru[n?i-
ntr senn?ih~ un?ruurcc are rigrrircd and tln? KSO, PAO nod 1
brrnc rtnuulted art the uuzst e//i?ctit'e tt'rzt~ to irrrplcrrrerrt tbeur."
Ambassador John Gunther Dean in India
"77n? henz7 a/?tbc? urntter is that b~urbnss~' uf~iecrc nod USIS n/fi-
ir?rc do tnaz quite di/~i?rczrt tbiu~s irr fbrei~rr eurath?ies. l~'bnt USLS
dues ~publii diplourail', /ilzrnr7~ o/rct?ntiozts, hostiarrt cttltrrrnl nzrd
iute?/leitrm/ prortrnzus), requires drzih~ nzrd enst~ acct:cs to US7S
pl'erlllSCJ by busy e01f11t71' 11ntZ071r115.
"Ynm? z:ya?Ilcut m7icle iu the l)etubcr .~ ~~'ashington Post is a
crlrtrut nod percrrnsir'c suruurm7~ n/'thcsr basic puizrts -nod the
ut'ernll uumrirtq is errbauad Ins rurn~ eloquent title: `I)uu't Lrt Se-
im?it~~ Hidr Our /,igbt.'
"/ rrru cspriinlh' cozuerued nbnut this `light' iu Izrdin, rt'bcre it i.~
rez7~ bright iude?ed. 77n? /nrrr USIS liln?nries nr?c nrunzrq the best
rnrd roost t//ictirc Aurericnzr libraries irr the' mould. T%e USIS ccu-
tr?rs bust n'bat tune be the brrsirst sd~edrrlr? of USIS prrlrtrauuuirrr7
iu the n'urld. "/?be p/n~~iirrl plautc a/?thcse brrildiugs ore the tnngi-
blr surn?ie? of this lutht. 7?ber brizrq the Aruericnrr utessn?e to this
untiou u/~ ~i0 urilliou people. h.'ufhrcizrr7 orr these brrildizr~c the
cnure? secnritr procrdrn?rs uuurdnted /in~ ezubass~~ bnildirrgc tl'bere
the tlpe nf'nctiritl~, ru /bare said, is rluitc diffi?reut ~ mould
trrrrke It urnrlr izupussible /br USIS to du itc job. As stntcd In the
/nst sritiou o/?tbe n~roz7: 'It is iutpnssible to cnuduet public dipln-
ntnil' hour bcblud hotted dnoz:~.'"
Ambassador Millicent H. Fenwick at the U.S.
Mission to the UN in Rome
"7lle' 1'ee7111r711C11/Irtt1071~ ~trt tbf ~,07r11t11551011'.c T[~Rlrt~ li'btell ~tr'ttek
urr rzs partiirrlnrlr I'nhurblc and re?Icrrzut n'ere tbe:ce: the aced Carr
/7?ec? ruress /ur the public; for requirrnu?zrt that the State lhpaz-t-
urc?ut consult math U,ti/S nu sccuritl'; separntc frrud~, ilenr?ll~ au-
tburice?d for clperrditrn?e bl' US7S nod nr7recutetrt math Stntc nc to
JCeln'It1' a77'r771tternf7rl.C; /lCy1bl11t1; R111I eglral Seel[7'tt1' R7Ta7117f-
uu?uts~/in?/inrirtrr and U.S. tt'orkc?zs."
Ambassador Mike Mansfield in Japan
"I zt~nuld lil,?c dz odd un' full suppor7 to lv~zrr utajnr? rccorunrertdn-
tiorts. Lc~ttislntiort shotslrl r?ccnttrtiac the sepnratc rrtntttlnte nf'USIA
to cuudtrct public diplorund' nrtd the USIA 1)irectnr'c res~iousibil-
it~~ to ful/zll this ruaudnte. Irztplernerttatiort n/?lettislatiun should
be b~' inter-ngeuc~' n