LETTER TO (SANITIZED) FROM ROBERT MORTON

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-00845R000100320006-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 30
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 16, 2010
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: September 29, 1981
• Content Type: LETTER

Free PI'ess lriterllaxl0Ila1
401 FIFTH AVE. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10016 [phone]
TELEX 237254 NEWS UR
September 29, 1981
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Washington, DC 20520
Central Intelligence Agency
Press ice
Since March, Free Press International has been publishing
a weekly news service, a sample of which is enclosed for your
interest.
Already several publications, both overseas and in the
United States, are paying subscribers. Our correspondents and
editors, some of whom are associated with the New York daily,
The News World, do their best to present a fresh alternative
on national and international issues to competing news services.
We will welcome input from you and your staff on ways the
FPI News Service could provide more accurate and insightful
news coverage for a reading public that is so dependent on
responsible government and media decision makers.
As you may know, Free Press International also publishes
a bi-weekly strategic newsletter, the International Report, a
copy of which is enclosed.
RM:ft
encls.
Robert Morton
General Manager
STAT
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FREE PRESS INITERINAT701YA[.
NEWS SERVICE
One man's war for access to UFO secrets
Meet the man who probably knows more about Unidentified Flying Objects
than any other private citizen in the world. His name is Colman S. VonKeviczky
and he owns a gigantic collection of some 9,000 slides and photos of UFOs as
well as reams of formerly classified U.S. government documents on the sub-
ject. By Hal McKenzie.
Salvador chief pleads for `moral support'
President Jose Napoleon Duarte of El Salvador made a recent trip to Washing-
ton where he spoke to President Reagan and other top policymakers. In a
speech before the National Press Club, he accused the mass media of sen-
sationalizing the violence in his nation and pleaded for "moral support." Robert
Morton reports from Washington.
How South Koreans view the future
A recent survey by a major newspaper in Seoul sheds light on South Koreans'
attitudes and views of the future. Most Koreans feel much better about the
United States, but are pessimistic about chances of reunifying their nation in
the next decade. The wide-ranging poll also revealed that two-thirds of Kore-
ans feel that it is improper for an engaged couple to kiss before marriage. Tim
Elder reports from Seoul.
Moscow, lbkyo clash over northern islands
When the Soviet Union seized four seemingly insignificant islands off Hok-
kaido at the end of World War II, it provided Japan with one of the rare issues
on which most Japanese can agree. Increasingly, the Kremlin's refusal to turn
over the islands presents a barrier to improved relations between lbkyo and
Moscow. By David Hulme in lbkyo.
Seoul seeking improved ties with Peking
South Korea and China have compelling reasons to improve relations, but
major obstacles still stand in the way. For Seoul, improved ties with Peking
could help ease tension on the Korean peninsula. For Peking, the lure is South
Korea's dynamic young economy and enhanced opportunities for trade. David
Hulme reports from Seoul.
A modern adaptation of age-old laws
The swing toward Orthodox observance that marks the administration of
Prime Minister Menachem Begin has focused the spotlight on a little-known
institute that combines religion and science. Evans Johnson reports from Jeru-
salem.
Split on arms issue threatens Germany
As West Germany braces fora demonstration against nuclear arms by pacifists
and environmentalists, other Germans demonstrate at the polls their concern
at the direction the ruling Social Democrats are taking. Jeremy Gaylard
reports from Bonn.
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UFO expert wages one-man war
for access to secret govt files
By Hal McKenzie
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
NEW YORK - Colman S. Von-
Keviczky probably knows more
about UFOs than any private citizen
in the nation or even the world.
His collection of some 7,000
black and white photos of UFOs plus
2,000 color slides, reams of for-
merly classified U.S. government
documents obtained through the
Freedom of Information Act, stacks
of UFO magazines and literature
from around the world, and govern-
ment documents from other coun-
tries where he has personal
contacts in high places, makes his
UFO archives, neatly crammed into
his Queens apartment, one of the
most extensive anywhere.
Nevertheless, he is fond of say-
ing without false modesty, "Don't
ask me, my opinion means nothing.
Look at what the Pentagon says."
And he will point to document after
document that proves the U.S. mili-
tary, as well as the armed forces of
the Soviet Union and other coun-
tries, possess a great deal more
hard evidence concerning UFOs
than he or any other individual
could hope to gather.
This information includes
reports of sightings of UFOs by
military personnel around the
globe and of incidents where mili-
tary aircraft or anti-aircraft batter-
ies fired on UFOs.
Much of this was just recently
made known by documents
released under the Freedom of
Information Act.
But VonKeviczky believes the
government has even more star-
tling physical evidence of UFOs
that is still top secret- including as
many as eight crashed flying sau-
cers and the bodies of 30 humanoids
captured or taken from the
wreckage.
He arrived at that number from
published reports obtained alleg-
edly from servicemen involved in
the super-secret activity of examin-
ing the crashed "saucers" or
transporting the alien corpses.
Many of these reports are the
result of research done by Leonard
H. Stringfield, who once evaluated
UFO sightings for the U.S. Air
Force.
By 1966, VonKeviczky had devel-
oped enough documentation that he
decided to make a radical proposal
to the United Nations, where he was
employed in the U.N. Secretariat's
Office of Public Information.
"I filed a memorandum with Sec-
retary General U Thant, and in the
memorandum explained to him
that, No. 1, the UFO problem is an
international problem; No. 2, it is
not a scientific problem, it is an
international security problem."
VonKeviczky's memorandum
proposed the establishment of a
U.N. authority to coordinate the
study of UFOs and to attempt to
make contact with them.
"On Feb. 9,1966 1 had a personal
conversation with Secretary Gen-
eral U Thant and I presented him a
document that the U.S. and Soviet
Union are shooting at the UFOs," he
said.
For his trouble, VonKeviczky
was rebuffed and considered a secu-
rity risk by the federal government.
Therefore he founded the Intercon-
tinental UFO Research and Ana-
lytic Network (ICUFON) to realize
his goal through other means.
Finding `common ground'
VonKeviczky's concern is
summed up in a recent address he
gave to a meeting of the Planetary
Professional Citizens Committee
(PPCC) headed by Jerome Eden.
He said the crucial necessity for
establishing worldwide cooper-
ation on UFOs is "to find the com-
mon ground that would preclude a
fatal Third World War, which could
easily escalate into a disastrous con-
frontation with the UFO forces. Is it
not far better to seek a common
ground for a means of international
cooperation on the UFO problem,
than to dig a common grave for all
mankind?"
VonKeviczky hopes that,
through educating people about
UFOs, enough public pressure can
be brought to bear to force the
"mighty powers" - the United
States and the Soviet Union - to
carry out this project.
Reagan ignores memo
In addition to the memorandums
sent to U.N. Secretary Generals U
Thant and Kurt Waldheim, Von-
Keviczky recently sent an even
more extensive work, chock-full of
all his latest evidence and doc-
umentation, to President Reagan but without receiving any response.
The reason for this policy of
secrecy is "very clearly expressed,"
he said, in a declassified CIA memo-
randum dated 1952. The memo says
"a national policy should be estab-
lished as to what should be told the
public regarding the phenomena, in
order to minimize risk of panic."
The memo goes on to say that a
"world-wide reporting system has
been instituted and major Air Force
bases have been ordered to make
interceptions of unidentified flying
objects"
Tb "intercept" a flying object in
military jargon means to shoot it
down if it refuses to land or be
escorted out of friendly air space,
VonKeviczky says.
Typical of a hard-nosed military
man and painstaking researcher
into documented facts and evidence
of UFOs, he is scornful of the ten-
dency among some UFO enthusi-
asts to claim telepathic
communication with spiritual UFO
entities.
"We have to educate in a correct
and honest way and not to put them
into the fog of parapsychology,
ghosts and spirits. UFOs, as you can
see from the documentation, are
solid objects. We don't deal with
ghost kind of objects which are
invisible."
VonKeviczky grows more ani-
mated when he talks about the dan-
gerous situation the world is in from
the secrecy and suppression of the
truth imposed by the rival powers in
the Cold War.
"We must force the mighty pow-
ers to stop the space war and to stop
the Third World War. When the U.S.
and Soviet Union, the two military
and space exploring super powers,
escalate their unfriendly relations
to a war, the space people will be
involved and make a final action -
and we don't know what the
aftermath of this action will be."
The truth suppressed
However, neither the Pentagon,
the CIA, nor any other government
agency here or abroad is revealing
what they know. Tb VonKeviczky
and other UFO researchers, this is
an outrageous denial of citizens'
right to know the facts concerning
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the most important event in human
history - contact with extraterres-
trial civilizations.
Furthermore, VonKeviczky is
convinced that the number of hos-
tile actions by earth forces against
UFOs, following the common cold-
war military policy of opening fire
on any suspicious object, risks pro-
voking a "space war."
If the nations of the world would
join together to study and make con-
tact with UFOs, not only would this
danger be averted, but the Soviet
bloc and Western nations could find
"common ground" to avoid mutual
annihilation in a Third World War,
VonKeviczky believes.
With these considerations in
mind, it is not surprising that Von-
Keviczky works with a driving
intensity to spread his message and
his knowledge to the world, espe-
cially to the United Nations and the
U.S. government. But so far he has
met with nothing but rebuffs from
either body.
Hungarian-born VonKeviczky
dates his interest in UFOs from 1952
when he immigrated to the United
States. That was also the year of the
great UFO flap in Washington, D.C.,
in which glowing UFOs were
sighted over the nation's capital and
surrounding states both visually
and by radar, and Air Force jets
were scrambled to intercept them.
The flap generated sensational
headlines and pressures from the
public for an explanation from the
government.
"Regarding this UFO invasion-
like flap over Washington, D.C., and
the neighboring states, there were a
few pictures published," Von-
Keviczky said in his heavily
accented English. "As a profes-
sional movie man and photogra-
pher, deeply involved and
experienced in the technology, I saw
that photos which were published in
the newspaper were genuine photo-
graphs, but the government, mainly
the Pentagon, misinformed the peo-
ple that they are hoaxes."
"Parallel with that I got inter-
ested in various UFO
organizations," VonKeviczky con-
tinued. He collected documentation
for groups in foreign countries,
especially in Germany where he
had good connections, and became
the New York representative of
Germany's Deutsch UFO'IFO-
Studiengesellschaft (DUIST),
founded in 1956 by Karl Veit.
Hanging on the wall of Von-
Keviczky's study is a picture of him
with German rocket scientist Her-
mann Oberth, DUIST's honorary
chairman.
Army background helped
VonKeviczky's background of 17
years in the Hungarian army, where
he achieved the rank of major and
the position of chief of the Audio-
Visual Military Education Depart-
ment of the Royal Hungarian
General Staff and Ministry of
Defense (1938-1945), served him in
good stead as a UFO researcher spe-
cializing in the military aspects of
the problem.
Employing his expertise in pho-
tographic techniques and
knowledge of military strategy, tac-
tics and technology, "I began to
evaluate and analyze the UFOs'
operations and activity." Von-
Keviczky said.
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Salvador chief accuses media
of sensationalizing violence
By Robert Morton
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
WASHINGTON - Media
accounts have sensationalized the
violence in El Salvador and have
misled the public as to its causes,
President Jose Napoleon Duarte
charged during his recent visit
here.
In Washington for a 10-day unof-
ficial visit, the El Salvador leader
pledged in a speech at the National
Press Club to bring democracy to
his nation, which he said had been
ruled for too long by violence.
He also pleaded for the "moral
support, "comprehension" and the
prayers of the American people.
"The United States has been told
that the guerrillas are so strong that
there is no solution," Duarte said.
"I think that you here are
thinking that if you go to El Salvador,
that the moment you get off the
plane you will find guerrillas and
soldiers shooting at each other. It is
not true."
TIry to smear government
More serious than sensation-
alized press reports are the deliber-
ate efforts by leftist guerrillas to
make their violence appear to be the
work of El Salvador's security
forces, Duarte said.
"We are fighting against terror-
ist groups who are killing many peo-
ple and in such a way as to blame the
security forces;' he said.
"Why else would they kill some-
one and put their body in the street
or cut off their heads and put them
in the street? It's to attract photog-
raphers who will send their pic-
tures all around the world."
Duarte pledged his "life and his
honor" to introduce democracy to
the beleaguered Central American
nation, which, he emphasized, had
been governed for too long by vio-
lent groups on the left and the right
who had decided that the law
"applied only to the chicken thieves
and not to them"
Since 1977, conflicting forces
iecided that "violence was the only
solution." Now, "cultural violence"
and "social disorder" prevail in El
Salvador, Duarte said.
"Then came Cuba, Libya, Viet-
nam and all those other countries
ready to give arms to train guerril-
las," and the violence has acceler-
ated. Duarte said his own son had
been wounded by gunfire two weeks
ago.
Leftists' disruption typical
When three leftists disrupted
Duarte's speech with monotonic,
chanted accusations, he com-
mented: "You have an example of
their methods"
"I believe in democracy; I
believe in everyone expressing
their opinion," Duarte continued.
"The only solution will come when
every Salvadoran is free enough to
make his own decision."
Free elections will be held "as
soon as possible;' and the political
parties involved will decide the con-
ditions for the election with no gov-
ernment or military interference,
he said.
Asked if the Democratic Rev-
olutionary Front (FDR) could par-
ticipate in the elections, Duarte said
the group could enter the campaign
only " if they promise not to offer
violent solutions."
Duarte told Free Press Interna-
tional that his private U.S. tour had
been difficult thus far but that he
was optimistic that the remainder
of the trip would be more fruitful.
He did not elaborate.
"I came here first of all to ask
comprehension," he said. In his 20-
minute visit with President Reagan
last week, Duarte said he asked for
nothing and that "Reagan said he
understood and would support a
political democratic solution."
Duarte concluded his remarks
with an emotional plea for the
prayersand the understanding of
the American public.
"Those who have truth do not
need violence, and those who per-
form violence will not find truth," he
said. "I pledge my life for my peo-
ple's objective of freedom and jus-
tice."
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Most S. Koreans feel better
about I.S. now, poll shows
By Tim Elder
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
SEOUL - Nearly two-thirds of
South Koreans feel better about the
United States than they did one year
ago, but most are pessimistic about
the chances of reunifying their
country within the next decade.
These and other findings are the
results of an extensive poll recently
conducted by one of Seoul's major
daily newspapers.
According to the poll published
last week, 63 percent of those ques-
tioned reported that their feelings
toward the United States had
improved over the past year, while
almost none said that their feelings
had worsened.
Commenting on this finding, Dr.
Sung-hon Rhee, professor of politi-
cal science at Kongook University
in Seoul, said that in the closing
months of the Carter administra-
tion most Koreans were deeply con-
cerned over the tensions that had
built up between the United States
and Korea, and were anxious to see
these relations normalized.
New appreciation in U.S.
The general opinion of Koreans
today, Rhee reported, is that the new
administration has a greater appre-
ciation for "the strategic impor-
tance of the Korean peninsula" and
for "the need to maintain stability
within the nation" following the
assassination of President Park
Chung-hee in October 1979.
In other findings, more than 80
percent of those questioned identi-
fied themselves as members of the
middle class, while- only a small
minority placed themselves in the
lower class bracket. Further, more
than three-quarters expressed con-
fidence that their livelihood will
improve over the next five years.
Dr. Yoo Hyuk Kim, a noted spe-
cialist on social development and a
professor at Dankook University in
Seoul, commented that these fig-
ures, particularly with respect to
rural areas, demonstrate the suc-
cess of South Korea's Saemaul (New
Village) Movement.
While cautioning that the defini-
tion of what it means to be middle
class might differ significantly
between urban and rural areas, Kim
reported that the Saemaul Move-
ment has, by encouraging residents
of rural villages to work together for
their common welfare, lifted a vast
portion of the population above
what they themselves consider to be
a lower class existence.
Pessimism about
reunification
The results of the poll show
Koreans to be generally pessimistic
on the possibility of reunifying
their country. More than three-
quarters were doubtful that reunifi-
cation could come about within the
foreseeable future, and a signifi-
cant number doubted whether it
could ever be achieved.
Other findings reflected the
depth of the influence of Confucian
morality. Two-thirds said it would be
improper for an engaged couple to
kiss before marriage. In fact, a
quarter of the respondents said that
such a couple should do no more
than have conversations while sit-
ting face to face. Only a very small
number said they would approve of
premarital sexual relations.
Koreans are evenly divided on
the question of divorce, according
to the poll. Half said that divorce is
permissible given a good reason,
but the poll did not go into what
these reasons might be. The-
remaining half either disapproved
of divorce on any grounds or had
never even considered the issue.
The Confucian emphasis on edu-
cation was also reflected in the find-
ings. Ninety percent of parents with
children at home said they would
want to send their sons to university,
and nearly three-quarters said they
would want to send their daughters
to university.
On the other hand, very few felt
that a degree from the right school
is the major factor in achieving suc-
cess in society. More than a third
said that hard work is the major fac-
tor in success, while slightly less
said that ability is what it takes to be
successful.
Asked to indicate three areas
which should be of particular con-
cern for the government, the over-
whelming majority indicated the
fight against inflation, slightly less
than a quarter indicated the
improvement of social welfare and
almost the same number indicated
expansion of educational opportu-
nities. Only 11 percent felt that
human rights problems should be
anarea of particular concern for the
government.
This poll was conducted by Joon-
gang Daily News between July 30
and Aug. 11. A sample group of 1,232
was chosen which was representa-
tive of the general population
according to age, sex, educational
background, and urban-rural dis-
tribution.
The newspaper had expreienced
pollsters interview 65.8 percent of
the sample group and the remain-
der completed questionnaires;
1,084 returned responses which
could be used to tabulate results.
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Soviet occupation of 4 islands
still strains Moscow-Tokyo ties
By David Hulme
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
TOKYO - When the Soviet
Union grabbed four seemingly
insignificant little islands off the
coast of Hokkaido at the end of
World War II, it handed Japan one of
the extremely rare issues on which
most Japanese can agree.
Although the two countries rees-
tablished diplomatic ties in 1956,
the Kremlin's refusal to return the
islands, known as Japan's Northern
territories, remains a major barrier
to improvement of an extremely dif-
ficult relationship.
The Northern Territories issue
may have even hastened Japan's
swing to the right of recent years,
and the ruling Liberal Democratic
Party (LDP) has made considerable
political capital out of it this year.
A campaign aimed at high-
lighting the problem began with the
declaration of Feb. 7 as Northern
Territories Day. This date marks the
signing in 1855 of the Japan-Russia
treaty of Shimoda, which recog-
nized the disputed islands as Jap-
anese territory.
The highlight of the campaign,
which has been regularly
denounced by Moscow, came with
the Sept. 10 visit of Prime Minister
Zenko Suzuki to Hokkaido, where he
"observed" the easily visible
Soviet-occupied islands from a mili-
tary helicopter flying above the
Hokkaido coastline. He was the
first Japanese prime minister to
visit the area adjacent to the
islands.
Such a strong stand has certainly
annoyed the Soviets. The govern-
ment would rather avoid this, but
has been pushed by persistent
appeals from northern residents for
a demonstration of concern on'Ibk-
yo's part, by pressure from the right
wing of the LDP and by rising pop-
ular sentiment.
A week before the Hokkaido
visit, LDP hardliners felt betrayed
when the prime minister changed
his mind at short notice about
attending a government-sponsored
rally in'Ibkyo demanding the return
of the islands.
Suzuki still ambivalent
Aboard the prime minister's
plane on the way to Hokkaido, the
chairman of the LDP Special Com-
mittee on the Northern Territories
Issue, Masaaki Nakayama,
criticized Suzuki's apparent ambiv-
alence.
"If you are going to eat poison,
you may as well eat the whole plate,"
he said in an interview.
Nakayama is one of the many
Japanese who regard the Soviet
Union with almost total cynicism
for unilaterally breaking a non-
aggression pact and attacking
Japan when it was on the brink of
surrender, still reeling from the
Hiroshima atomic blast three days
earlier. He does not forget that Sta-
lin attempted at the time to gain con-
trol of large chunks of Japan.
Nakayama also pointed out that
in 1973, following a Japan-Soviet
summit meeting in Moscow, a joint
communique was issued that recog-
nized the Northern Territories issue
as one of the "yet unresolved prob-
lems remaining since World War II"
Since the improvement of rela-
tions between Japan and the
People's Republic of China, Moscow
has simply pretended to ignore this
statement and refuses to enter
negotiations.
The Japanese side, too, has hard-
ened its attitude.
In 1979, the Japanese were
aghast to discover the Soviet Union
actually constructing military
bases on the disputed islands.
The invasion of Afghanistan pro-
vided another shock.
Economic considerations
At the same time, however, there
are strong forces pulling the two
countries together. It is a truism of
Japanese foreign policy that rela-
tions with such a large and powerful
neighbor cannot be allowed to dete-
riorate too far.
In theory, the two economies are
almost perfectly compatible. Japan
needs access to the abundant raw
materials of the Soviet eastern
regions and the Soviet Union needs
Japanese financing and technology
to help develop these resources.
For years the Soviets have been
pressing the Japanese to get more
involved in the development of Sibe-
rian natural gas, oil, timber, mining
and transportation projects. A few
projects got under way, but LDP
encouragement has been minimal.
Moscow also presses Tokyo for a
treaty of good neighborliness and
cooperation and an agreement on
long-term economic cooperation,
but the Japanese are extremely
wary of such proposals and insist
that the territorial issue must be set-
tled first.
Why are the Japanese being so
stubborn over a mere 5,000 square
kilometers of not very productive
land?
It is true that Japan is rather
short of space and that Soviet occu-
pation of the islands has denied Jap-
anese fishermen access to some of
the world's richest fishing grounds.
It is also plausible for campaigners
to claim they are fighting for "jus-
tice and international law."
Continues postwar trauma
However, according to Hiroshi
Kimura, professor of political sci-
ence at the Slavic Research Center
of Hokkaido University, the deeper
reason for the surprisingly tough
Japanese stance is the powerfully
ingrained concept of "inherent ter-
ritories."
For the Japanese, the Soviet
occupation of the islands repre-
sents a continuation of the painful
"postwar era" in which the United
States occupiedtheir territory.
Kimura claims the Soviets are
incapable of fully comprehending
this island nation's viewpoint.
"The Soviets and the Japanese
have fundamentally different atti-
tudes towards territory," he said in a
recent interview.
"Because the Soviet Union has no
natural boundaries they have no
concept of inalienable territories,"
he added.
Inapaperon the subject, Kimura
expanded this argument, boiling
the Kremlin's logic down to a belief
in the maxim of the German
geopolitician Haushofer:
"Boundaries are fighting places
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rather than legal norms of deci-
sion."
Strategy vs economy
Kimura also identified military
strategic considerations as the
overriding reason why the Kremlin
could be expected to refuse to
return the northern islands to
Japan.
"The northern islands are sit-
uated at the very point which con-
trols passage from the Pacific
Ocean into the Sea of Okhots-
k ....There are signs that the
Brezhnev government has plans to
construct a huge military-
industrial complex in the near
future along the Sea of Okhotsk,
spanning Siberia, Sakhalin, Kam-
chatka and the Kurile Islands, and
that the project is progressing
steadily.... Above anything else, it
was with the aim of making the Sea
of Okhotsk a sanctuary that the
Soviet Union has deployed ground
troops on three islands in the
Northern Territories - Etorofu,
Kunashiri and Shikotan," he
explained.
This analysis explains the Sovi-
ets' disdain for Japanese demands
to negotiate the issue, as the Krem-
lin feels itself within reach of being
able to thoroughly intimidate Japan
with an overwhelming military
presence in the north combined
with the menace to sea lanes from
newly acquired naval bases in Viet-
nam.
But this is not to say there are no
alternatives.
"The Soviets have very serious
economic problems," said Noboyuki
Fukuda, president of Tsukuba Uni-
versity near Tbkyo, who recently
visited Moscow and Siberia at the
invitation of the Siberian branch of
the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
Fukuda agreed that Moscow,
faced with ponderous economic
stagnation in its European regions,
is attempting to shift the focus of the
entire Soviet economy eastward.
This involves a multiplicity of
political, social and administrative
as well as technical problems, each
compounded by the difficulty of
convincing qualified people to
endure the utterly daunting bleak-
ness of long Siberian winters.
On top of this, Fukuda said, the
Soviets are "terribly inefficient"
Because of these problems, he
said, the Soviets recognize far bet-
ter results are likely from an infu-
sion of Japanese high-power
tecnhology and capitalistic enthusi-
asm.
"The only chance the Soviets
have to save their economy is to syc-
cessfully develop the eastern
regions. This is extremely difficult
to do. It certainly can't be done very
well without cooperation from
Japan, or perhaps the United States.
But the Japanese are not going to
get involved more until relations
are better, and that means the
Northern Territories issue must be
resolved," Fukuda argued.
From this point of view, it
appears almost essential for Mos-
cow to come to the negotiating table
with Japan to discuss the disputed
islands.
On the other hand, if military
expansion in the Far East is to con-
tinue, the Sea of Okhotsk "sanctu-
ary" is indispensable.
It boils down to a choice for
Moscow between outright militar-
ism and economic recovery. Fukuda
considered it inevitable that Soviet
planners are divided on the ques-
tion, for even militarism requires an
economic base.
"They can't have it both ways," he
concluded.
Therefore, how the Northern
Urritories issue is handled by Mos-
cow may be a clear indicator of the
Kremlin's priorities in the Far East.
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With eye on North, South Korea
seeks improved ties with China
By David Hulme
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
SEOUL- The Republic of Korea
and the People's Republic of China
have compelling reasons to improve
relations, but both find North Korea
and Thiwan are obstacles.
For South Korea, rapidly
emerging as a dynamic element in
East Asian relations, there are two
main reasons for wanting to get
closer to Peking.
"Fundamentally, we would like to
reunify our country, and of course
we have to survive;' said Dr. Kim
Jun-yop, director of Korea Univer-
sity's Asiatic Research Center, in an
interview.
Seoul's leaders perceive commu-
nist China's new pragmatism and
relations with the West as a chance
to win at least a litle leverage with
the North Koreans, perhaps even to
draw them into meaningful negoti-
ations.
Korean President Chun Doo-
hwan's offer to meet his Northern
counterpart Kim 11-sung at any time
and in any place without precondi-
tions has so far met rebuffs, but the
new South Korean administration
continues to seek every possible
way of encouraging the commu-
nists out of isolation.
Peking is perhaps the most plau-
sible intermediary to help ease
tension on the Korean peninsula.
The first attempts to approach
Peking began almost three years
ago under the leadership of the late
President Park Chung-hee. Jap-
anese Foreign Minister Sunao
Sonoda was asked by the South
Koreans to indicate their interest in
better relations to Chinese Senior
Vice-Premier Deng Xiaoping when
he visited Tbkyo in late 1978, and
during subsequent contacts.
"We don't want to have another
Korean War. In order to achieve this,
China's influence on North Korea is
very important;' said Kim.
Trade relations
The second reason South Korea
wants better relations with China is
related to trade.
"China is very close to the
Korean peninsula and has a lot of
natural resources, such as oil and
coal. Also we are looking for world
markets for our products. China is
so close to the Korean peninsula, so
it should be very easy to trade with
mainland China;' Kim explained.
Some trade through third coun-
tries, particularly Hong Kong, has
already begun, with the total esti-
mated to be approaching $1 billion
annually. There are also sporadic
reports of coal ships sailing directly
between China and South Korea.
The South Koreans are also hop-
ing that Peking will follow the lead
set by Moscow in allowing South
Korean experts to attend some pro-
fessional seminars in Moscow, and
have already quietly hosted Chinese
representatives in Seoul.
A lawyer, Yuan Chuan-jing, from
the Law Institute of the Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences in
Peking, traveled from the United
States last July to attend a scientific
workshop here.
The first mainland Chinese to
visit the southern half of the Korean
peninsula since 1948, according to
sources in Seoul, was an official
from Peking who came secretly last
year and was shown various indus-
trial complexes including the
Pohang integrated steel mill, which
is a big user of Chinese coal.
The Taiwan question
In their rapprochement with
Peking the Koreans have a similar
problem to that of the United States
-uneasiness on the part of Taiwan.
Kim pointed out that the Taiwan
question is important to South
Korea and the Chinese Nationalists'
enduring deep suspicion of Peking
made it "difficult to advocate"
closer ties with the communist
regime.
Opposition from Thiwan is a
minor problem, however, compared
to the pause North Korea gives to
Peking in warming to South Korea.
Peking must move very warily to
avoid pushing the doctrinaire North
Koreans completely into the Soviet
camp.
Chinese officials privately con-
cede their North Korean allies are
rather prickly to deal with. Pyong-
yang has, despite Kim Il-sung's
juche (independence) doctrine,
demonstrated willingness to play
one side against the other in finding
a policy line between Peking and
Moscow, and is even now thought to
be leaning increasingly towards the
latter.
"Once North Korea is totally
under the influence of the Soviet
Union then Manchuria would be
completely surrounded by Russian
influence;' Kim said, explaining
Peking's caution.
The Taiwan question also
'becomes an obstacle from Peking's
point of view, for full relations with
South Korea would mean an official
"two Koreas" policy, something the
PRC avoids for fear of legitimizing
the unacceptable "two Chinas"
model, Kim pointed out.
Ironically, perhaps, it is Nation-
alist Chinese intelligence sources
that reported recently an unpub-
lished speech by mainland Chinese
Foreign Minister Huang Hua, in
which he described the PRC's rela-
tions with the ROK as "a door which
is closed, but not locked."
Convergence of interests
Notwithstanding considerable
barriers, the South Korea-China
relationship is certainly budding, if
not blossoming. In the past year, the
Chinese have shown remarkable
willingness to have frank discus-
sions with South Koreans in third
countries. U.S. analysts note the
increasing convergence of inter-
ests between the two countries and
Washington.
Peking's official line is still to
oppose the presence of U.S. troops
onthe Korean peninsula, but there
isa lack of enthusiasm for pushing it
too hard.
"The Chinese are intelligent
enough to know what the conse-
quences of following their advice
[on the U.S. troop pullout] would be,"
Ambassador at Large Vernon Wal-
ters stated here recently.
The Chinese are also casting
eagerly about for reliable models
for development, having shown
great interest in finding an alterna-
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tive to the Maoist commune system.
So far 1 iwan has not responded to
Peking's overtures, and greater
interest is now developing in the
South Korean Saemul (New Village)
Movement.
In addition, China needs a
neighbor capable of supplying
middle-level development technol-
ogy. Enormous difficulty has
accompanied attempts to absorb
sophisticated Japanese and
American technologies, whereas
the South Korean exports could
prove much more compatible with
China's present needs.
The most compelling aspect of
PRC and ROK common interest,
however, concerns North Korea.
Both countries have an interest
in contributing to the stabilization
of the Korean peninsula, but as
things stand only the Chinese can
communicate very effectively with
the North Koreans.
Even when North Koreans vis-
ited Seoul in 1972, under an
exchange initiated by the late
president Park, they were known to
misreport their observations to
Kim I1-sung.
Kim's dictatorial and doctrinaire
style militates against the possibil-
ity of him getting "displeasing"
information from advisers, and ana-
lysts in Seoul worry deeply that he
may in fact have a grossly distorted
image of conditions in the South,
prompting a miscalculated military
adventure that would prove very
costly to both sides.
If China can make sufficient
progress in its relations with Seoul,
the North Koreans may well recog-
nize at last that the southern part of
the peninsula has something to offer
them, too.
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Israelis call on religious institute
to adapt old laws to modem reality
By Evans Johnson
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
JERUSALEM - The swing
toward Orthodox observance that
marks the administration of Prime
Minister Menachem Begin has
focused the spotlight on a little-
known institute that combines reli-
gion and science.
"Our main purpose here is to
facilitate the interaction and work-
ing together of rabbis and scien-
tists," Mrs. Esther Feuchtwanger,
program director for the Institute
for Science and Halacha, said in a
recent interview.
"Halacha" is the body of reli-
gious law amassed by learned rab-
bis down through the centuries that
basically governs the everyday
norms and behavior of observant
Jewish life.
"Halach is God-given and it has
to be applicable to every possible
situation;' Mrs. Feuchtwanger said.
"Basic laws need to be applied to
new situations. But now, technical-
ities have become so involved that a
rabbi has to find out from an expert.
A rabbi must know how something
works to be able to judge whether it
is halachically sound, and there is
an old tradition in Judaism of asking
the expert."
Asking the experts
The institute's director, Rabbi
Shneur Hoffman, and the "new
things" expert, Rabbi Levi Itzhak
Halperin, oversee research in two
basic categories: technical ways of
getting around halachic
restrictions in emergencies and
methods to enable Israeli firms to
comply with state laws against
working on the Sabbath.
One of the most difficult bans
observant Jews must live with is
that forbidding the switching one or
off of electricity on the Sabbath.
"Making any electrical contact is
essentially creating fire," Mrs.
Feuchtwanger said. "The basic idea
of the Sabbath is not that things not
get done, but that a person should
.not create. By not creating, we show
that we believe that God created the
world and then rested on that one
day."
Halacha recognizes that there
are certain times when it must be
violated. "lb save a life, anything
can, be done on the Sabbath," she
emphasized. But what, rabbis have
argued, about a situation where a
person's life is not in specific dan-
ger but he may be very ill or in dan-
ger of losing a limb or an organ?
As an answer to these questions
and as an aid to halachic medicine,
the institute has developed several
devices that do not technically vio-
late halacha and can be used in
emergencies on the Sabbath even
though they appear forbidden.
"The Gramma Switch" is the
institute's most significant inven-
tion. It is based on the ancient hala-
chic term "causation," which Mrs.
Feuchtwanger said means, "You're
allowed to help in cases of danger by
causing something to get done, but
not by doing it yourself."
"Consider the case of a danger-
ous fire that breaks out on the Sab-
bath. It doesn't necessarily threaten
human life, but it may cause injury
or financial ruin. You may not put it
out, but you can ring the fire with
earthern jugs filled with water.
When the flames reach them, they
crack from the heat and the water
gushes out and douses the fire.
"We've translated these ideas
into electronics. We've been able to
develop certain devices which work
on the principle of causation."
The Gramma Switch, at the heart
of all these electrical systems,
essentially allows a person to move
a mechanical plate, thereby block-
ing the path of an electric eye relay
system. Technically, he has simply
and mechanically prevented a cir-
cuit breaker from functioning.
Work that isn't work
Its halachic basis lies in the
axiom that "stopping something
from being stopped is considered
less a fault than doing something
directly," according to Mrs.
Feuchtwanger.
Based on this principle, the insti-
tute has produced a telephone,
lighting system, emergency call
system and water heaters that can
be used on the Sabbath.
Tb a non-Jew and even to many
secular Jews, the whole idea may
seem like splitting hairs, but to an
observant Jew the Sabbath is every-
thing. In fact, according to
Orthodox belief, if all Jews refrain
from violating two consecutive Sab-
baths, the Messiah must come.
"The people who ask us ques-
tions are religious," Hoffman
stressed. "Therefore, our answers,
our inventions, are important to
them. We can explain why our sys-
tems are acceptable by using both
halacha and physics."
The Gramma Switch principle
arose from the institute's
involvement in planning Jerusa-
lem's ultra-modern and Orthodox
Sha'are Zekek Hospital. "Nothing
was built without our checking it
first," Mrs. Feuchtwanger said.
The hospital board wanted their
institution to conform as closely as
possible to halacha. One main con-
cern was for patients who would not
switch on the nurses' call light on
the Sabbath.
If a physician told his patient he
was dying, it would, of course, be all
right for him to press the button if he
needed help. However, the doctors
could not tell their patients that
because that would increase their
danger if they lost their will to live.
With a Gramma Switch installed
near each bed, a patient can sum-
mon a nurse in an emergency with-
out violating the Sabbath.
Beyond enabling institutions to
operate in accordance with halacha,
the institute is also a consultant to
the government on the subject of
labor on the Sabbath.
Under Israeli law, labor on the
Sabbath is proscribed except in cir-
cumstances when not to work would
bring the "danger of large eco-
nomic loss to the country or an
industry," institute engineer
Charles Marcus said.
"Permits are necessary to work
on the Sabbath," his assistant, Mrs.
Hasida Lerer, explained. "A firm
approaches the Ministry of Labor
for them, and the ministry may
come to the institute for a solution.
We work with the plant engineers to
suit solutions to the plant in each
case"
Solutions for industry
Institute engineers point out to
industry planners and engineers
different processes and procedures
that could enable a firm to close for
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the Sabbath from Friday dusk to
Saturday evening.
In many industries, Saturdays
are set aside for maintenance. "One
solution is to train the maintenance
men in modern methods that avoid
Sabbath work," Marcus explained.
"We encourage and participate in
courses that teach how to combine
regular industrial production and
maintenance, or how to schedule the
work for Friday afternoons before
sunset or Saturday nights before
the crews report for work on Sunday
morning."
The institute also brings to Israel
news of the latest advances in auto-
mation in more developed nations.
This, however, can pose a problem.
"It could develop that if people
are not needed on the Sabbath, then
perhaps they're not needed on other
days as well," Marcus said. "In that
case, a worker would oppose auto-
mation" and, by inference, become
more attached to Sabbath work.
"You have to be terribly careful
how you give advice," Mrs. Lerer
cautioned, "so as not to, God forbid,
insult a firm's engineer. However,
halachic improvements have also
enabled industries to better their
general functioning as a by-
product.
"There is a trend today towards
the five-day work week in Israel and
for more time off and better social
benefits;" she said. "With these ten-
dencies spreading, firms need to
think ahead towards changing over
their systems and they can do it
according to halacha."
Although many small firms have
been able to alter their operations to
fit the Sabbath, "The toughest prob-
lem is industries where processes
have to go on'round the clock," Mar-
cus explained.
"A cement kiln, for example,
cannot be stopped except perhaps
once a year for general mainten-
ance. It works 24 hours a day, seven
days a week, for up to three years
without interruption" If the kiln
were shut down over the Sabbath, it
might crack from the strain of
cooling and reheating so often.
What holds for cement man-
ufacturers also goes for Israel's
mainstay, the phosphate industry,
and for ceramic and chemical
firms. But institute engineers are
optimistic about automation
breakthroughs and new kiln sys-
tems now appearing in Europe.
"Automation provides a steady
heat balance in the oven, which
improves the product and cuts
energy consumption," Marcus said.
However, given Israel's stormy
labor relations and the increasing
tensions between observant and
secular Jews, it may take some time
before the institute or the Ministry
of Labor can convince one of the
industrial giants to change over
from labor-intensive to automated
and halachically allowed produc-
tion processes.
One area in which automation is
already dominant and in which the
few people employed on the Sabbath
are not a problem is the generation
of electricity.
Without electricity, how could
hospitals function, how could an
iron lung operate, how could a swel-
tering heart attack victim be
refreshed by an air conditioner?
"Electricity production is essen-
tial because it is necessary for the
preservation of human life," Mar-
cus stressed.
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W. German split on arms
threatens ruling coalition
By Jeremy Gaylard
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
BONN - As Oct. 10 draws near,
West Germans are beginning to pre-
pare for the inevitable injured
policemen and property damage
that accompany demonstrations of
the so-called "peace movement"
A massive rally has been orga-
nized by a loose coalition of Marxist
groups, environmentalists and
church activists, with 100,000 peo-
ple expected to march to Bonn's
market square to protest nuclear
armaments.
Incomprehensible in the light of
previous experience is the decision
by three West German states to give
schoolchildren the day off to attend
the rally.
A demonstration in West Berlin
during the recent visit of Secretary
of State Alexander Haig resulted in
128 policemen wounded, 10 of them
seriously, and a rally to support
squatters in that city last week
accounted for the death of a young,
masked protester.
Placating the left
West German observers see the
willingness of the ruling Social
Democratic Party (SPD) to accom-
modate the "peace movement" as an
attempt to placate the left wing of
their own party, which is against
nuclear modernization.
Members of the "peace move-
ment" were invited for a public
debate with the SPD at party head-
quarters in Bonn last month, most of
which was televised nationally, and
SPD spokesman Egon Bahr was
unable to defend his party's position
on nuclear arms convincingly.
Headed by party chairman Willy
Brandt, the pacifist wing of the SPD
has become vocal against the NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion) decision of December 1979 to
deploy U.S. nuclear weapons in
Western Europe by 1983 failing suc-
cessful arms reductions talks with
the Soviets.
Chancellor Helmut Schmidt has
staked his political future on the
NATO decision, and the outcome of
the U.S.-Soviet arms talks, planned
for late November in Geneva, may
determine whether he remains to
complete his term of office.
Meanwhile Brandt, who has
made a political comeback as head
of the Socialist International, is
challenging Schmidt's commitment
to the NATO decision and contesting
West Germany's position within the
Atlantic alliance.
The release and pardon of Guen-
ther Guillaume, the East German
spy whose discovery in high office
led to Brandt's resignation as chan-
cellor in 1974, in a sense exonerates
Brandt and elevates him within the
SPD.
A party conference in April may
determine whether Schmidt
remains in favor or whether the
majority of the SPD prefers
Brandt's brand of neutralism,
aimed at reconciliation with East
Germany at the expense of
American friendship and protec-
tion.
A wave of anti-Americanism,
accentuated by terrorist attacks on
U.S. Army installations and persoQ-
nel in recent weeks, has been
blamed by opposition politicians on
the anti-NATO sentiments
expressed by SPD politicians such
as Brandt and Bahr.
Coalition's collapse seen
Some local observers see the
possibility of a collapse of the ruling
coalition of the SPD and FDP (Free
Democratic Party) as a result of
SPD disunity, and a coalition
between the FDP and the opposition
Christian Democrats (CDU) taking
over the reins of government.
State elections in the state of
Lower Saxony this week gave the
conservative CDU an absolute
majority of 50.2 percent against
36.9 percent for the SPD, and in
West Berlin the SPD was ousted by
the CDU in May after ruling the city
for 26 years.
A government headed by the
CDU would clamp down on the
efforts of the neutralists to drive a
wedge between Western Europe and
the United States and stifle the
"peace movement," which repre-
sents a small minority of the pop-
ulation.
However, the CDU would be
inheriting a government plagued
with a massive public debt and con-
tradictory foreign policy, and
unless they could pull things
together quickly they could soon
lose out to the SPD under extreme
left-wing control.
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Columnists
HAROLD
ROSENTHAL
Harold Rosenthal doesn't recall dinosaurs grazing on his
front lawn but does remember when it was within the NFL
rules to play without a helmet and when a ball player (Babe
Ruth) justified his higher salary than the president of the
United States (Herbert Hoover), because "I had a better
year, didn't I?" (He did).
A newsman in various capacities for almost a half century
with time out for service with the U.S. Air Force, he has
covered the World Series since the late `40s, championship
tennis when it was standard practice to slip a hundred
dollars under the table-to the winners.
He was a reporter and columnist for the New York Herald
Tribune for more than three decades, served as a publicity
man for both the American and National Football Leagues
and has authored a dozen books, the latest of which, "The
50 Faces of Football," is due from Atheneum this fall. His
personal list of superstars include Casey Stengel, Winston
Churchill, Henry Armstrong and William Shakespeare, not
necessarily in the order listed.
LEV
NAVROZOV
Lev Navrozov emigrated in 1972 from the Soviet Union,
where he wrote extensively for the underground press. In
numerous magazine articles and books since then, Mr.
Navrozov has pioneered a positive solution to the survival of
Western democracy. He is bold, provocative,
unequivocal-but never dull. His most recent work is a
critical study of the New York Times, which will be
published by Yale University Press.
Ted Agres is aggressive. As investigative reporter for Free
Press International, Agres goes behind the headlines in his
hard-hitting weekly column on U.S. foreign policy.
Among his journalistic coups: an expose of the
radical-left Institute for Policy Studies in Washington and an
exclusive report on illegal high-tech sales to the Soviet
Union. Agres was also the first to report on the KGB's role
in the 1979 Tehran embassy takeover.
Based in Washington, Agres also provides expert
commentary on Reagan administration programs and
policies.
No topic is too big or too small for Hal McKenzie's
thoughtful analysis. A specialist in international affairs, he
is equally at home discussing the theory of evolution. Going
beyond conventional wisdom and pat answers, his columns
shed light on a wide range of complex political and social
issues.
Larry Moffit is not only a prize-winning columnist. His
other hats include those of editor, poet, filmmaker, and
comedian. No matter how abstract the topic, his
columns-thoughtful, provocative and often humorous-
are always down to earth.
Journalist-playwright-businessman, Matthew Conroy is
'that rare breed of individual who lives in two world
simultaneously-business and creative writing-and is
successful in both.
As creative writer, he is a playwright with two produced
..plays to his credit. As a journalist, he was formerly an editor
of a Ima wire service in Canada.
'As a businessman, he has been owner-president of his
own company, which has for the past 20 years dealt in
national and international financial transactions and acted as
a consultant to industry.
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FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
NEWS SERVICE
Sept. 29 - Oct. 5
COLUMNISTS
The super-crime of the century
After a 35-year silence, Lev Navrozov confesses to the super-crime of the cen-
tury: how he voted against Josef Stalin. In those days, to vote against Stalin was
to vote against the universe, God, nature, the past, present and future. Not to
say risk almost certain punishment by the Soviet secret police.
Whitey Herzog and the Toyota affair
Whitey Herzog stirred a hornet's nest a while ago when he plugged Toyota cars
on TV in his uniform. The United Auto Workers didn't like the idea of Whitey
taking the bread out of the mouths of American workers. But there are larger
issues at stake. By Harold Rosenthal.
Fidel's friends on Capitol Hill
Despite the hostile relations existing between Washington and Havana, Fidel
Castro still has some friends on Capitol Hill. A recent symposium in Washing-
ton on U.S.-Cuba relations drew together a motley assortment of aging Marx-
ists, trendy lefties, reporters, curiosity-seekers and seven U.S. congressmen.
By Ted Agres in Washington.
Differing views on U.S. policy to 3d World
What is the Reagan administration's policy toward the Third World. You'd never
know by reading The New York Times. Hal McKenzie takes the Times to task
for its negative analysis of Secretary of State Alexander Haig's recent policy
address at the United Nations. The speech called for a new era of economic
growth based on open trade and increased cooperation between nations.
A realistic foreign policy gathering
An academic conference with a realistic political orientation is a refreshing
change, especially in Washington. Matthew Conroy attended such a gathering
recently on the theme of "U.S. Foreign Policy in the '80s."
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How I committed the super-crime
of the century in Stalinist Russia
LEV
NAVROZOV
There I was, 18 years old and
voting for the first time, and as it
happened, for Stalin. It was 1946,
Moscow.
Last year I voted in the United
States.
My first impression of the two
events is quite similar - men and
women sit at a desk and check your
name. There is one difference,
though. In the United States, you go
inside a booth and vote, secretly.
In Stalin's Russia, there was a
similar "booth for secret voting,"
but the question is, why go inside at
all? From one of those men and
women at a desk you received your
voting paper, which displayed the
name of Stalin. Then you could go
into a booth, strike out the name of
Stalin in total secrecy and write in
the name of your candidate, also in
total secrecy.
But surely you did not want to
strike out the name of Stalin, so you
did not go inside the booth, but
walked to a ballot box in general
view and dropped your voting paper
into it.
Those who beamed
Only one kind of people would go
into a booth. They took their voting
papers and beamed. Then they
would ask, beaming, "May I go into a
booth?"
"Of course," a man or a woman at
the desk would answer, smiling. And
the beaming voters would go in and
soon emerge, beaming.
Everybody knew: They were the
kind of people who could not just
drop in their voting papers - they
had to write something on them in
addition like, "Long live our beloved
leader, teacher and friend Stalin!"
Or, "Thank you, Comrade Stalin, for
our happy life!"
Except for the beaming kind, no
one went into a booth, and if you had
done so without this obvious beam-
ing purpose, you could have been
followed by plainclothesmen to your
home.
Having been thus identified, you
could have further risked having
your fingerprints compared with
those left on a voting paper where
the name of Stalin was struck out in
total secrecy. Thus, it would be
established that you voted against
Stalin.
Tb vote against Stalin was to vote
against the universe, God, nature,
man, the past, present and future. It
was not a crime. It was the super-
crime of the century, something
unspeakable, and indeed impossi-
ble, like blowing up the Earth along
with all mankind.
The secret police would never
believe that any Soviet inhabitant
could do it on his own, so they would
have investigated you until you con-
fessed that you were a Gestapo-
trained master agent of a vast
powerful CIA-based organization
(say, the All-Russian Union of
Struggle for the Liberation of Rus-
sia, or ARUSLR). Then you would
have been duly shot, though by that
time you would be in such a state
that it would probably be a relief.
But could I abstain from voting
and stay home? Absurd. Insane.
Mortally dangerous. Not to wish to
vote for Stalin? So I had to. And since
I had to, I decided to vote - against
Stalin.
Super-crime of the century
So here I am, 18, and I am plan-
ning the super-crime of the century.
Tb read Pravda, all mankind con-
siders Stalin the greatest man that
ever lived or will live. Why, even Sir
Winston Churchill, the inveterate
enemy of the Soviet regime who
wanted to destroy it by war way
back in 1918, paid glowing tribute to
Stalin's greatness.
This may be, but then I disagree
with all mankind, including Sir Win-
ston.
I cannot vote for Stalin, even
though everyone knows that this
voting is an inane empty convention
to which no one, except those beam-
ing fools, pays any attention and
which makes no difference whatso-
ever, for Stalin would not budge an
inch from his absolute power even if
100 percent of the population struck
out his name and inscribed someone
else's.
I put on gloves (no fingerprints,
please), cut a card out of thick, stiff
paper about half the size of the
voting paper, and wrote on it in bldck
letters: "I hereby vote against Stalin
and his network of thugs, gangsters
and murderers enmeshing my
country." I added several more sen-
tences in the same spirit, but I do not
remember them word for word.
Ironically, this was not my style.
I loved Russian and French poetry, I
wanted to be a painter, and I
despised "politics" and "political
language" of any kind. But I signed:
"All-Russian Union of Struggle for
the Liberation of Russia. Moscow
Section."
The last addition was to create
the impression that this vast power-
ful organization had spread far and
wide, almost ready to overthrow
Stalin's regime, and I voted on
behalf of its Moscow section.
This wasalso uncharacteristic of
me. I did not see anything odd about
my apparently being in the minority
of one against all mankind, includ-
ing Winston Churchill. I was a loner,
spiritually. But since I had stepped
onto a political path, I felt that an
organization was needed, if only on
paper.
I left a glove on my left hand and
put the card (and my left hand) into
the left pocket of my coat. I was
ready to commit the super-crime of
the century - and try to escape
scot-free!
Scene of the super-crime
Here is another difference
between voting in Moscow and in
New York. When my wife and I went
to vote last year in New York, we
couldn't find the polling place very
easily until we stumbled on a
building that looked like an aban-
doned high school.
In contrast, our polling station in
Moscow was located in the mansion
of Prince Yusupoff, with beautiful
18th-century French tapestries on
the walls and cast-iron fireplaces.
The loudspeakers outside blared
forth music for the entire election
district to hear, voters strolled
toward and around the building as
on a promenade, and the building
itself was decorated like a
Christmas tree. What a lark to vote
for Stalin.
With my gloved left hand in my
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Keep it home, if you please
That fuss stirred up the past week
by Whitey Herzog's picking up a
few extra bucks plugging Toyota
cars ignored the broader aspects of
the problem. The editorial arm of
the United Auto Workers deplored
Whitey's taking the bread out of the
mouths of the American workers
by urging them to buy the imports;
nowhere did it examine the issue of
WHY the public preferred the items
from far-off places, tariff and all,
against the home-made product.
Maybe the story about an empty
Coke can being found inside the door
panel of one of the Detroit jobs got
around to a lot of places, true or
false.
Misguided or not, Whitey shouldn't
have done it in uniform. His boss,
(he's G.M. of the Cards as well as
field manager, but even G.M.'s have
bosses) told him so publicly. So the
next time we see Whitey's honest
features suggesting we do some-
thing that we will profit from, finan-
cially, socially or spiritually, he'll
be wearing a neat business suit.
Double-breasted. Herzog's been
sporting a major-league baywindow
for several seasons, as befits a fellow
given to spurts of nervous eating.
When Whitey was a chubby tod-
dler there was an "in-uniform" inci-
dent in sports-a different one from
baseball-that provided prose-
makers and after-dinner speakers
with a line they long cherished. It
concerned Joe Gould, a New York
character who managed fighters for
a living. In the depths of the Depres-
sion he had picked up an honest
Irishman who could take a punch.
He worked sporadically as a long-
shoreman on the Jersey docks over
in Hoboken. The $50 or $100 he
picked up for an evening's fistic
work frequently was all that came
between his sizeable family and
brutal starvation. Social programs
were a little up the road.
James J. Braddock and Joe Gould
made a perfect team, and one day
there was Braddock in a position to
challenge for the world heavyweight
title held by Max Baer. He was a
10-1 underdog, Braddock was, and
of course he out-gamed the awe-
some-physiqued Baer in 15 rounds.
So for trivia devotees it was
Braddock who was the champ who
came between Baer and Joe Louis.
Later Louis flattened Braddock and
when the war came Braddock and
Gould had pretty much passed from
the picture.
Braddock was passed over in the
draft because of his considerable
family, and so there was the odd
picture of a fighter being deferred
and his manager taken. Well, hardly
"taken." Joe Gould went in as a cap-
tain in the Quartermaster Corps and
had his pals assign him to the
Brooklyn Port of Embarkation. In
those days it was a five-dollar cab
ride from the center of Manhattan.
The war eventually ended but
before it did it gave the boxing fra-
ternity a choice item to discuss for
a long time. There was a group
stealing from Army shipments by
the freight-car load. Among those
grabbed and tossed into the can
without too much discussion was Joe
Gould, former manager of a world
heavyweight champion.
Boxing has always put up with a
lot of aberrant conduct but in
Gould's case he was castigated by
virtually every member of the fistic
community."He should'na done it in
uniform," was the universal
assessment.
Have you seen Uncle Harry?
Any mention of three-times
Stanford all-American, Bobby
Grayson, must inevitably be
followed by a reference to his uncle,
Harry. That salty ex-Marine, Harry
Grayson, moved along to the sports-
writers' Valhalla a decade ago.
Bobby Grayson, a tremendous
player in the '30s when fullbacks
rarely topped 200, and routinely
played 60 minutes, died of a heart
ailment in the state of Washington,
his native area, last week.
He had come down from Oregon
at the start of the '30s to play on
three successive Rose Bowl teams
at Stanford, a record. The Indians
almost set another record of another
dimension; they lost two of three.
Harry Grayson was sports editor
of NEA (Newspaper Enterprise
Association, an adjunct of the
Scripps-Howard chain,) and was
known for his ability to break up a
press conference, important or triv-
ial, in record time. He could clear a
room in the middle of something
like an earth-shaking announcement
that Louis would be fighting a second
bout with Schmeling by interjecting,
"Lemme tell yuh somethin' " He had
a drill-sergeant's voice. Insults
merely bounced off his fine head of
wavy hair like spaldeens.
When Bobby Grayson decided to
go to Stanford (every college in the
country was after him) Harry
immediately became his nephew's
one-man publicity organization. And
he had plenty to talk about. Grayson
was right up there with a lot of
Stanford All-Americas like Monk
Moscrip, Bob Reynolds (who late
co-owned the Angels with Gene
Autry), and Bones Hamilton. You
had to admit these were names that
could roll off a tongue easily. Espe-
cially Harry's.
Stanford lost to Columbia in what
was probably the biggest Rose Bowl
upset ever (The Light Blue was the
last Ivy League rep in what was then
the biggest post-season football
attraction in the country).
Then they lost to Alabama, where
Frank Thomas (yes, there have been
'Bama coaches other than Bear
Bryant) had such performers as Don
Hutson, one of the greatest ends in
history; Bill Lee and Millard (Dixie)
Howell. Fellow by the name of Bear
Bryant played the other end. He was
working his way through college and
wooing the governor's daughter. He
accomplished both.
In Grayson's last Rose Bowl
appearance Stanford beat Southern
Methodist, 7-0. That was the end for
Grayson. He never played pro, not
for a salary like $5,000 for the sea-
son. He was an academic all-
America as well as a fine football
player and there were things to be
done as the country was pulling out
of the Great Depression.
About Uncle Harry. They told a
million stories about him and his
attitude toward life (Jimmy Breslin
was once his office boy and may
have picked up a few pointers.) One
of the best was when he was sen-
tenced to working in Cleveland,
NEA's home office.
Harry was a big-city guy and
didn't care for any part of Cleveland,
including the raging snowstorms
that blew in from Lake Erie in mid-
January.
He was struggling up Euclid Ave-
nue, which at the moment resem-
bles the main drag in Irkutsk. A lone
motorist pulled up alongside,
lowered his snow-encrusted window,
and called, "How do I get out of
town?" He was lost.
Harry wasn't of much help. "How
the hell do I know?" he snarled
through lips blue with the cold. "If I
knew, do you think I'd be doing this?"
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Fidel's friends on Capitol Hid
Foreign Policy
Report
By Ted Agres
FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL
WASHINGTON - "Fidel Castro
saw me, ran over and shook my
hand. He said, 'You must be George
Crockett. My friend Ron Dellums
said you'd be coming...' "
Thus did Rep. George Crockett
Jr., D-Mich., a newcomer to the Con-
gress, recount the marvelous time
he had in Havana, hobnobbing with
the exalted leader of the "non-
aligned" nations and puppet of the
Soviet Union, Fidel Castro.
Crockett was one of seven con-
gressmen who last week also par-
ticipated in a controversial
symposium on Capitol Hill titled
"The U.S. and Cuba: Prospects for
the '80s." But if the conference can
be any judge, prospects for
sympathyfrom the Reagan admin-
istration appear slight indeed.
The State Department, just days
before the event, cancelled visas for
officials from Cuba to attend the
seminar. Cuba's enthusiastic sup-
port for Marxist insurrection and
guerrilla armies in Central Amer-
ica and elsewhere were officially
cited as reasons. But Castro's bel-
licose denouncement of the United
States during an international gath-
ering in Havana the previous week
was the real straw that broke the
camel's back.
In any event, Castro's good
friends in Congress weren't
deterred by any of this. Crockett
had gone to Havana just a week
before, along with Rep. Theodore
Weiss, D-N.Y., and a few other legis-
lators, to attend a meeting of the
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).
It was at this meeting that Castro
erupted into choice rhetoric. U.S.
lawmakers came back and dutifully
reported on their experiences for
the congressional Cuba conference.
Audience of aged Marxists
The mostly appreciative audi-
ence was comprised mainly of aged
Marxists, who seemingly had
embraced communism in the 1930s
when it was still considered chic
and who have since not let reality
interfere with their concepts. Also
to be seen were a few trendy lefties
of the Institute for Policy Studies
(IPS) mold and an assortment of
reporters and curiosity seekers.
Crockett told the audience at the
outset of the symposium that
"[Rep.] Mickey Leland is very well
known in Cuba. He is a good friend
of Castro.... He is almost our unoffi-
cial ambassador to Cuba. He said,
'I'll let my good friend Fidel know
you're coming down,' " Crockett
said.
"Ron Dellums also said, 'I'll let
my friend Fidel know you're coming
down, " Crockett told the pleased
audience.
The combined notifications
apparently had the desired effect,
for Crockett was dutifully
impressed by the treatment he
received in Havana.
Leland, D-Texas, assured the
audience that the Reagan adminis-
tration is embarked on "a danger-
ously misguided policy ... Cuba is
high on our international hit list." He
warned that war is inevitable unless
the United States halts its "militar-
ism and confrontation" and bows to
Cuba's desires.
Crockett added that he thought
"the State Department and the gov-
ernment is characterized by racis-
m ...[and] to me, fascism is another
way of saying'racist' "
Castro, in his tirade at the IPU
conference, called the United States
"fascist; "`genocidal" and "covered
with blood'' Crockett, seemingly
puzzled, lamented that the rest of
the U.S. delegation in Havana had
declined to discuss these sensitive
issues with the Cuban dictator.
The congressional symposium
was sponsored by the Center for
Cuban Studies, a non-profit organi-
zation based in New York whose
members are largely pro-Castro
Marxists. The center, according to
one participant, had contacted
Johns Hopkins University and
American University to co-sponsor
the symposium and to send the intel-
lectuals. They complied.
Dr. Riordan Roett, professor and
director of Latin American Studies,
Johns Hopkins School forAdvanced
International Studies, was the
chairman for the event. "We want
different positions expressed;" he
said.
"This is not an anti-Reagan rally,
and we will not endorse any particu-
lar point of view," Roett stated with
apparent naivete.
A look at some of the people orga-
nizing the conference would have
illustrated the inherent bias toward
Cuba and away from the Reagan
administration. In addition to the
congressmen mentioned pre-
viously, other far left sponsors
included: Rep. Mervyn Dymally, D-
Calif.; William Gray, D-Pa.; Stephen
Solarz, D-N.Y.; District of Columbia
delegate Walter Fauntroy; and Sen.
Lowell Weicker, R-Conn.
Research for the economic anal-
yses of U.S.-Cuba relations was
attributed to David Williams, a
staffer at the pro-Marxist Council
on Hemispheric Affairs.
The Cubans who were denied
visas instead sent videotapes of
themselves, which were displayed
on a wide-screen video player.
These included Alberto Betancourt
Roa, of Cuba's Ministry of Foreign
Trade, and Marcello Fernandez
Font, chief adviser to the Cuban
Central Planning Board. The head
of Cuba's interests section in Wash-
ington, Ramon Sanchez Parodi,
appeared in person and was warmly
welcomed.
Other participants included:
Victor Rabinowitz; George Pills-
bury, state senator from Minnesota
and director of the Pillsbury Co.;
Irving Louis Horowitz, of Rutgers
University; and Robert Pastor, the
radical IPS-linked fellow who
served on Jimmy Carter's National
Security Council.
A buffet lunch for the sympo-
sium participants was held at the
home of Stewart Mott, millionaire
sugardaddy of leftist and radical
causes and an heir to the General
Motors fortune.
Anti U.S. propaganda from Cas-
tro has been filling the eardrums of
U.S. officials for too long. Last week
the Reagan administration
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announced it was moving ahead to
construct a radio transmitter to
beam news, commentary, and other
programs to Cuba in Spanish.
Castro has "lied" to the Cuban
people for 20 years, U.S. officials
said, about the causes of economic
disaster and domestic problems on
the island. Castro has blamed the
United States for virtually all its ills.
"We'd like to answer Castro on his
own ground," a senior administra-
tion official explained.
"We just think an informed citi-
zenry can exercise, in time,
influence over its government.
That's the way government should
run, not the other way around," he
said.
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New YorTimes vs. Haig:
New turning truth upside down
The New York Times' front-page
headline read "Haig Rebuffs Poor
Nations' Program for More Aid."
The main element in Bernard
Nossiter's piece on Secretary of
State Alexander Haig's speech at
the U.N. General Assembly was
negativity. Haig was depicted as
cruelly turning down poor nations'
requests for more aid, asking Third
World countries to instead "rely for
development on free markets, pri-
vate initiative and foreign capital."
The wording implies that Haig is
kicking mendicant nations away
from the West's door and requiring
them to fall back on their own
resources with no help from the
West.
The actual thrust of Haig's
speech was far from being cruel or
negative toward Third World needs.
Haig, in fact, called for a new era of
world economic growth based on
open trade, increased cooperation
in food and energy production and
an emphasis on private enterprise.
Key point missed
Nossiter totally ignored Haig's
key point - that the world faces a
"crucial choice" between growth
and development through
increasing international com-
merce, or stagnation and decline
due to government protectionism,
socialism and political instability
spread by Soviet-backed commu-
nist subversion.
Nor did he mention Haig's refer-
ence to the World Bank's ominious
prediction that "the difference
between the two cases [free trade
and protectionism] amounts to
some 220 million more absolutely
poor people" But,of course, Nos-
siter doesn't want to show Haig as
trying to solve poverty, but as turn-
ing his back on it.
What many of these nations are
asking for is a socialistic "new eco-
nomic order" consisting of "a large
increase in resources flowing from
rich nations to poor," as Nossiter
said. However, the universal exper-
ience of this planet - not only of the
United States - is that income dis-
tribution schemes, taking from the
rich to give to the poor, simply do not
work.
Such schemes manage to stifle
initiative, destroy incentives,
strangle business in government
red tape and, in general, lead to a
shrinking economic pie with less for
all.
It was a Chinese sage who said
some thousands of years ago that "If
you give a man a fish, he will be fed
for one day. Teach a man to fish, and
he will be fed for the rest of his life"
That is what Haig wants to do for
the Third World - give them the
opportunity and know-how to
acquire the prosperity that has
evolved in the industrialized
nations instead of being permanent
charity cases.
Haig did not, therefore, "rebuff"
anybody. The poor nations want to
get out of their poverty situation, as
of course they should. Here is how
they can do it, Haig said. The fact
that his plan differs from the "new
economic order" being pushed by
many Third World nations - most
of whom are allied with the Soviet
bloc- is not by any means a refusal
to recognize their real needs.
Nossiter employed the usual
dodge of reporters trying to get
their own preconceived ideas
across - quoting anonymous
sources to depict Third World del-
egates as deeply pained by Haig's
speech. He quoted "several Third
World delegates, who declined to be
named:' as being "distressed by
what they saw as a rejection of their
proposal for what they call a new
international economic order."
Unwilling to name sources
Frankly, there is something
shady about diplomats, whose job is
to be spokesmen for their countries
in a public forum, being so shy to be
identified with a certain position. If
these anonymous delegates' point
of view is as widespread in the
United Nations as Nossiter would
have us believe, then why are they so
ashamed of being publicly associ-
ated with it? If there are so many
Third World delegates at the United
Nations who are opposed to Haig's
position, couldn't Nossiter have
found any that were willing to be
named?
Reading between the lines, it is
obvious why Nossiter would not
identify his sources. They probably
came from Marxist or socialistic
regimes which are so tied to the
Soviet bloc that their opinions
would be totally discredited by the
readers if they knew where they
were coming from.
The last thing Nossiter wants to
do is clearly identify opinions that
conform with his own as originating
from communist sources; it might
blow his reportorial cover and
reveal him as an apologist for leftist
causes.
While dwelling at great length on
Haig's "rebuff" to the Third World,
Nossiter devotes one paragraph to
the positive aspects of Haig's
speech, just to show that he is being
"objective" The effect of this is, of
course, to make Haig look even
more niggardly.
He writes that "Mr. Haig did
make what appeared to be one
important gesture toward the Third
World. The very poorest nations like
Mali and Bangladesh do 'require
long-term and generous conces-
sional aid,' he said. But he added that
help should come from developing
as well as industrialized nations."
A humane appeal
In fact, Haig's entire speech was
an "important gesture" towards the
Third World. Haig was making an
eminently practical, rational and
humane appeal for an end to the bar-
riers - many of them self-imposed
- that have kept the developing
world in poverty. Haig was also call-
ing for a "new world economic
order"- one which would multiply
prosperity instead of sharing scar-
city, as is the rule in socialist
regimes.
Is it any wonder that more and
more conservatives are calling for
"an alternative to The New York
Times"? A publication that sup-
presses so much of the truth in its
reporting does not deserve the pres-
tige and the influence that the
Times enjoys.
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`U.S. Foreign Policy in the '80s'.
a realistic view of global affairs
MATTHEW
CONROY
THE
PEPPER
MILL
Although Washington is a one-
industry city of politics, another
major activity other than govern-
ment business is the holding of con-
ferences every day, seven days a
week. Confronted with more confer-
ences than can possibly be attended,
the working journalist must choose
carefully and wisely in allocating
his time.
One of the more interesting Wash-
ington conferences took place a few
weeks ago. The theme was "U.S. For-
eign Policy in the '80s," and the
sponsor was the Professors World
Peace Academy, a division of the
International Cultural Foundation,
Inc.
Tbo often, conferences involving
academics lean toward the unreal-
istic. College professors tend to see
the world not as it is but as they
would like it to be. Probably the most
outstanding example of this kind of
myopia was provided by Henry
Kissinger during his years of gov-
ernment service, when he applied
unworkable academic views to the
real world. Happily, most of the dais
speakers in the PWPA conference
were realists.
Perceptive comments
The major address at the PWPA
conference was delivered by the
conference chairman, Professor
Morton A. Kaplan of the University
of Chicago. Dr. Kaplan paid the usual
lip service to the need for "reason-
able agreements" with the Soviets
and Chinese, but was realistic enough
to call for maintenance of U.S. mili-
tary strength at a high enough level
to ensure our power credibility.
A few more comments by Dr.
Kaplan called for greater support
for the Afghan people battling their
Soviet invaders, a stronger West
European defense force to deter a
Soviet attack, and an admirably real-
istic approach to Cuba. I quote from
Dr. Kaplan's report:
"We should have gone into an air
and naval blockade of Cuba imme-
diately after the Russians moved in
force into Afghanistan. Although it
would be a mistake to attempt to
bring the [Cuban] regime down
directly with American force, its
activities may in the future provide
us with a reason for isolating it.
.,It is a vicious, terroristic regime
which never would have come into
power except upon an American
decision to allow it to happen in the
expectation that constitutional and
democratic government would be
restored.... There is no American
incentive to come to terms with a
Cuba that is repressive, terroristic,
and our enemy."
Dr. Kaplan's comments on the
problems of the developing world
also reflect a gratifying realism.
"Development is not primarily a
matter of external assistance," he
writes. "Investment certainly is
necessary, but South Korea, Thiwan,
Hong Kong, and.Singapore give
ample proof that capital funds are
available if they can be employed
profitably....
"These countries have found the
route to national independence, or
at least to as much of it as is pos-
sible for a small nation in the modern
world. And this will permit the res-
toration of national pride... .Good
government, sound economic poli-
cies, good education systems, rela-
tively honest and efficient local
entrepreneurs, and achievement
orientations are required."
Dr. Kaplan was rebutting the
"myths" of the Brandt report and
the policies of Robert McNamara
as head of the World Bank that called
for ever-increasing aid to the devel-
oping countries. If we subscribe to
that approach, he said, "we will
finance local elites at the expense
of their nations, proliferate the
number of large hidden Swiss bank
accounts, destroy capital, and pro-
duce explosive frustrated expecta-
tions"
More clandestine work
The major topics chosen for dis-
cussion by the PWPA conference
related to Central America, the
Middle East, intelligence, religion
and public policy, and Japan's role
in Northeast Asia. The speaker on
"The Role and Capabilities of U.S.
Intelligence Operations in the 1980s,"
Dr. Ray Cline of Georgetown's
Center for Strategic and Interna-
tional Studies, forcefully empha-
sized the U.S. need for clandestine
services to support friendly groups
and frustrate hostile revolutionary
forces abroad. High-quality research
and analysis services are an abso-
lute must if we are to understand
international events and purposes,
he said.
An academic conference with a
realistic political orientation is a
refreshing welcome. For too long
the American people have been
overly exposed to reports, ads and
statements by leftist elements of the
academic world organized and
manipulated by those who look to
totalitarian-type solutions to long-
standing economic and political
problems.
'b the argument that at least total-
itarian states solve the problem of
hunger, Dr. Kaplan reminds us that
people are not cattle to be contented.
It was John Stuart Mill who affirmed
that he would rather be an unhappy
human than a happy pig.
One looks forward to the next
PWPA conference.
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W011LD
BOXING RATINGS
The Junior Middleweights
1. Sugar Ray Leonard-Ray
had to give up his WBA junior
middleweight title when he beat
Hearns, but he's still the best in the
division.
2. Wilfred Benitez-Has good
punching power at 154 pounds.
Wilfred must get the desire for
training to keep his title.
3. Thomas Hearns-Hearns
should concentrate on this division.
He's too tall to be fooling around at
147 pounds. This could be his ideal
weight.
4. Ayub Kalule-Fought his heart
out against Leonard, but didn't have
enough firepower to win. He could
get his title back against a lesser
opponent.
S. Roberto Duran-"The No Mas
Kid" is saying ridiculous things
about beating up both Leonard and
Hearns. Can you remember one
time in his career when Duran was
far behind in a fight and battled
back to victory? I can't.
6. Ibny Ayala Jr.-A surefie
future champ. Ayala can punch
with the best of them. His one
punch 1st round KO of Jose
Baquedano was super.
7. Nino Gonzalez-Lost close
disputed decision to Duran. Carl
Duva is handling his future.
Brother Lou nixed a Tony Ayala-
Nino Gonzalez fight, according to
Garden matchmaker Harold
Weston.
8. Rocky Fratto-Undefeated
youngster from upstate New York
might be better than people think. .
He is fighting Tidashi Mihara
(who?) for the WBA title left vacant
by Leonard.
9. Maurice Hope-Hope seemed
to be all washed out when he lost
the title to Benitez. He's strictly an
opponent now.
10. Charlie Weir-Good right
hand puncher from South Africa
can bang with the best of them.
Chin not the best.
The Junior Welterweights
1. Saoul Mamby-Sweet Seoul
is one of a kind. Could go down as
one of the most underrated champs
of all time.
2. Aaron Pryor-Pryor is looking
for a shot at Leonard's welter
crown. Fat chance of winning.
3. Miguel Mntilla-Lost in two
title bids, but still hanging in there.
4. Lennox Blackmore-Twice
KO'd new lightweight champ
Claude Noel, but was blitzed out in
two by Pryor.
S. Du Juan Johnson-Kronk stable
mate of Hearns won a disputed nod
over Montilla in Detroit.
6. Jo Kimpuani-Lost a tough 15
round decision to Mamby. Not
through yet.
7. Johnny Bumphus-"Bump
City" needs more polishing.
Punching power-average.
8. Billy Costello-Needs TV
exposure to get deserved recog-
nition. Best left hooker in the
division.
9. Domingo Ayala-KO'd by
Montilla and by welterweight Resto.
Chin-horrible, yet he can bang.
10. Monroe Brooks-Past prime.
Good opponent.
The Junior Lightweights
1. Sammy Serrano-Best of
a shaky lot. Division could change
champs quickly.
2. Rolando Navarett-Beat
Boza-Edwards for the title. Also
shaky crown.
3. Cornelius Boza-Edwards-
Might never recover from the
beating he got from Navarete. He
just takes too many punches.
4. Edwin Rosario-My pick is for
Rosario to beat Serrano for the title
in December.
S. Johnny Verderosa-"The Heat"
from Staten Island needs work on
his defense. A big banger could
reach his chin.
6. Tony Santana-Santana might
move down to Featherweight. He
shutout tough Alberto Colazzo in his
last fight.
7. Thtsutsuen Uehara-Won title
from Serrano on "Hail Mary" right
hand but gave it back early this
year.
8. Bazooka Limon-Dirtiest
fighter around, but lot of heart.
9. Ildefonso Bethelmy-Lost to
Limon on 15 round KO.
10. Hector "Macho" Camacho-
Youngster from the Bronx looked
impressive in stopping veteran
Robert Mullins at the Garden.
-Joe Bruno
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Free Press International
INTERNATIONAL
REPORT
Sept. 16,1981 A Background Briefing On Strategic Events
Moscow's
Secretary of State Alexander Haig's
recent charge that the Soviet Union is
using deadly biological poisons in
Indochina caps an intensive four-year
investigation into persistent reports of
a "yellow rain" causing agonizing
deaths among Lao, Cambodian and
Afghan tribespeople.
Number 37
ellow rain'
U.S. officials said the investigation
had been stymied until recently when
"fresh" samples of contaminated
water, vegetation, blood and urine were
shipped to Washington from Cambodia
enabling researchers to identify the
lethal agent involved.
However, there is another factor
behind the timing of Haig's
announcement which U.S. officials
may have been too embarrassed to
mention. That is a book due to be pub-
lished in New York next month, written
by a lone investigator utilizing his own
resources who managed to identify the
deadly agent and its Soviet source
months ahead of the U.S. government.
The book is "Yellow Rain" by Ster-
ling Seagraves (M. Evans publisher).
An advance review of the hook
appeared in the Far Eastern Economic
Review, Aug. 21-27, written by Wash-
ington correspondent Richard
Nations.
(continued on page 2)
INSIDE
Backgrounder........... P3
North-South violence
flares again in Korea ... P4
Sick Cambodian refugees wait for medical checks at a temporary camp inside
the Thai border. The U.S. has uncovered evidence that deadly biological poisons
have been used to kill Lao, Cambodian and Afghan tribespeople.
Mitterrand v. Reagan:
the policy gap widens
The recent French foray into the
troubled affairs of El Salvador is likely
to severely strain relations between
Paris and Washington.
Although President Ronald Reagan
and Socialist President Francois
Mitterrand reached a surprising
agreement on some political and eco-
nomic issues at the recent Ottawa sum-
mit in July, their vast ideological
differences will almost certainly lead
to a widening gap between the two
nations.
The French-Mexican initiative in
recognizing the guerrilla opposition in
El Salvador was the first step in Mit-
terand's global strategy of pursuing a
(continued on page 2)
Cambodians seek to
form new regime ...... P4
Egyptians explode
KGB plot - again ...... P5
Allies abstain as U.N.
slaps South Africa ..... P6
Solidarity's `bill of
rights' irks Moscow .... P7
Haig bolsters NATO
morale in speech ...... P7
Pinochet shuts down
Marxist opposition .... P8
the International Report is published n cr, too peeks b, tree Press International. Inc. 401 Fifth .\se.. Ne,, llork Cit 10116. I elephone 12121532-83(41. fetes No. 2372541 NFl1 S l RI. the
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2
MOSCOW
FROM PAGE 1
Seagraves' book names the killing
agent which proved so elusive to U.S.
investigators as tricothecene, or T-2, a
deadly compound including poisons
originally developed in the Soviet
Union 25 years ago. The toxin caused
agonizing, convulsive deaths among
Hmong hill tribesmen following aerial
bombardments of a mysterious yellow
powder, the "yellow rain" of the book's
title.
Seagraves links the bizarre hemor-
rhaging deaths seen in Laos with the
same symptoms reported in
Afghanistan and Yemen, two other
countries where chemical warfare
against tribespeople has been widely
reported during attempts by Soviet-
backed communist governments to
suppress opposition in remote moun-
tain or desert areas, far from the pry-
ing eyes of the Western press.
U.S. lacked `proof'
Suspicions that the Soviet Union
was engaged in biological warfare - in
direct violation of international
agreements - had been heightened by
reports of an accident that killed thou-
sands in the city of Sverdlovsk in April
1979. Eyewitnesses quoted in Samizdat
(underground) reports indicate that
more than 1,000 people died in the Sibe-
rian city from a deadly virus or germ
that escaped from a super-secret germ
warfare laboratory.
But the U.S. government, in its
extensive investigations to identify the
killing agent in Laos, said it had not
established what it called "analytical
proof" that T-2 was responsible until
they received the samples from Cam-
bodia earlier this year.
From all indications, the delay in
completing the investigation was due
more to the Carter administration's
reluctance to embarrass the Soviets
while trying to establish "detente" than
any mysteries concerning the deadly
chemical.
The CIA certainly had access to the
same Lao and Cambodian refugees as
Seagraves. It also is supposed to peruse
Soviet technical literature for evi-
dence of new advances in Soviet mili-
tary capability. The fact that U.S.
intelligence could not establish the
obvious link between tricothecene
toxin symptoms and the manufacture
of the same toxin in the Soviet Union
doesn't say much for U.S. intelligence
capability. It also points to the
politicization of the U.S. intelligence
agencies dating from the Carter
administration which has hampered
their ability to provide this country
with full and rapid evaluations of the
Soviet threat.
U.S. officials told Nations that
"research in this country had been
hampered, both by the clinically poor
samples brought out of the Lao high-
lands and by the inherent difficulties of
formulating complicated tests without
a plausible hypothesis to guide the
search." The same sources concede
that Seagraves had provided that
hypothesis for the investigation.
Hamstrung by `detente'
One might ask what prevented the
U.S. investigators from arriving at the
same hypothesis. The answer appears
to be that Seagraves was not ham-
strung as the U.S. probers were by the
political implications of pointing the
finger at the Soviet Union while the
Carter administration was playing
footsie with the Kremlin.
"Officials in the State Department
and the Pentagon say privately that
their search was not encouraged while
the administration of former president
Jimmy Carter was preoccupied with
pursuing detente with the Soviet
Union," Nations writes.
Seagraves arrived at his hypothesis
in two stages, first by comparing
accounts of poison gassing episodes in
Laos, Afghanistan and Yemen, and
then isolating violent internal hemor-
rhaging as the unique symptom hith-
erto overlooked that is both common in
most reported cases and the one phe-
nomenon not accounted for by the
known poison gases of the two world
wars.
Raised by missionary parents in
northern Burma among hill tribes
similar to the Hmong in Laos, Seag-
raves travelled to Laos, Afghanistan
and the Middle East for three years
gathering material for his book. He
then proceeded to identify the biotoxin
tricothecene as the agent causing the
mysterious bleeding symptomatic of
the "yellow rain" deaths in Laos.
U.S. target of germ bombs
In publicizing Soviet involvement in
illegal chemical warfare, the Reagan
administration has acted none too
soon. In his book, Seagraves presents
evidence that bombs carrying the
super toxin may be aimed at the United
States from 90 miles away in Cuba.
A recent column by Jack Anderson,
which mentions the Seagraves book,
refers to the death of a Cuban in
Havana last year from symptoms dis-
tinctly those of tricothecene toxin.
Anderson also quotes his own CIA
sources as saying that the toxin as well
as other germ and chemical warfare
agents are stored in Cuba for future use
against the United States, based on the
testimony of a defected Cuban officer
who had trained in a chemical warfare
battalion.
FRANCE
FROM PAGE I
more active role in the Third World.
That policy, according to analysts, con-
trasts sharply with that of the Reagan
administration.
Of greatest concern to Washington
is France's intervention into Latin
American affairs. Mitterrand has a
long history of supporting guerrilla
movements in the region, and has
appointed as his chief adviser on Third
World affairs a former guerrilla -
Regis Debray - who fought alongside
Che Gueverra in Bolivia.
Mitterrand has also been highly
critical of U.S. policy in Central Amer-
ica, including Reagan's cutoff of aid to
Nicaragua and the U.S. trade embargo
on Cuba. In an interview with Le Monde
on July 2, he was quoted as saying: "I
have serious reservations, not to say
more, about U.S. policy in Central
America. It is not a matter of Commu-
nist subversion, but a refusal to see the
misery and degradation."
Mitterrand's election was hailed by
Sandinista Commander Bayardo Arce,
who referred to the French Socialist as
"a militant of the Sandinista cause."
Junta leader Daniel Ortega added his
congratulations, saying "Your triumph
is our triumph."
In addition, Mitterrand's wife,
Danielle, is a Socialist activist with a
special interest in Latin America. She
is a strong supporter of the political
opposition in El Salvador and a mem-
ber of the Salvadoran Solidarity Orga-
nization.
But the Socialist government's first
big splash into international waters
was not exactly a complete success.
Officials at the French External
Affairs Ministry, headed by veteran
diplomat Claude Cheysson, said they
were prepared for a hostile U.S.
response to the French-Mexican decla-
ration but were surprised by the force
of Latin American reaction. Nine coun-
tries, Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia,
Chile, the Dominican Republic, Guate-
mala, Honduras, Paraguay and Ven-
ezuela, issued a joint statement
protesting French and Mexican inter-
vention into El Salvador's internal
affairs.
Until now, the French government
has focused its attention on domestic
issues - nationalizing industries and
revamping its social welfare system.
But with the recent initiative on El Sal-
vador, the Mitterrand government is
beginning to exercise its foreign policy
options.
This could mean trouble for the
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3
United States, especially in matters
involving the Third World. A recent
Heritage Foundation study states that
" Most of Mitterrand's and his Socialist
Party's principles ... are diametrically
opposed to those of the Reagan admin-
istration" As a consequence, France
could "play a critical role in undermin-
ing American foreign policy."
In some issues - such the nuclear
modernization in Europe,
Afghanistan, Poland and disarmament
negotiations - Mitterrand's policies
appear to coincide with Reagan's. For
example, Mitterrand is the first
French president to tentatively sup-
port the deployment of NATO missiles
in Europe.
But these policies are primarilly
defensive measures. According to the
Heritage study, France continues to
view the Atlantic Alliance as a "dis-
tasteful necessity."
In addition, analysts say, Mit-
terand's denunciation of the invasion
of Afghanistan along with other anti-
Soviet rumblings are more an expres-
sion of a independence from the two
superpowers than a tough anti-Moscow
line.
Other problems are likely to crop up
in the Middle East, where France main-
tains strong economic ties to the Arab
world. Despite Mitterrand's personal
support of Israel and the Camp David
accords, economic pressure and oppo-
sition from his own Cabinet memem-
bers is likely to influence French
policy in the region.
At the heart of the problem is a dif-
fering perception of Western responsi-
bilities and relations to the so-called
'T'hird World. French Foreign Minister
Cheysson has warned that the Reagan
administration could provoke "major
difficulty" with its European allies and
with France in particular if it fails to
improve relations between the indus-
trialized nations of the "North" and the
developing nations of the "South"
Washington has placed great
emphasis upon the developing world -
Reagan himself plans to attend the
upcoming North-South talks in Can-
cun, Mexico - but tends to view devel-
opment issues within the context of
East-West relations and the threat
posed by Soviet expansionism.
BA CKGROUNDER
Despite the fact that Ronald
Reagan, during last year's presidential
campaign, suggested that an appropri-
ate U.S. response to a Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan might be to blockade
Cuba, his administration now has ruled
out that option should the Russians
invade Poland.
Reagan's get-tough response to
Soviet military aggression drew fire
and even ridicule from some members
of former President Carter's adminis-
tration. But Reagan's advisers recog-
nized that the Soviets would respect
such "linkage" and would understand
that there is a price to be paid for their
empire-building activities.
The policy of "linkage" continues to
play a major role in the administra-
tion's approach to the Soviet Union in
such areas as strategic arms control.
Secretary of State Alexander Haig has
stated that Soviet military behavior
will be tied to U.S. involvement in
future SALT negotiations, for example.
But linkage is apparently limited in
the scope of its application.
The State Department, National
Security Council, U.S. intelligence and
other agencies have been preparing
policy options for the president should
Poland be invaded. Some of the sug-
gested responses include: suspension
of grain sales, halting of trade, censure
by the United Nations and other diplo-
matic actions taken in concert with U.S.
allies, and beefed-up broadcasting of
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty to
Eastern Europe.
Other suggestions are more out of
the ordinary, such as positioning a U.S.
warship in international waters off the
coast of Poland to rescue "boat people"
fleeing that country.
But the Cuba quarantine has been
ruled out by the administration insofar
as Poland is concerned. "A naval
blockade would be an inconclusive
measure and of dubious relevance,"
said one informed source.
"'Ib attack Cuba, while the Russians
are attacking Poland, would be to tell
the world that the two superpowers are
symmetrical - each attacks a weak
country," he said, adding that such an
action would be counter-productive.
Cuba, however, could be blockaded
by the United States if Fidel Castro
steps up his drive to subvert
neighboring Latin American coun-
tries, and intelligence agencies have
concluded that Soviet ruler Leonid
Brezhnev would not jump to the aid of a
beleaguered Cuba.
North Korean arms shipments to
Iran have escalated, but are now com-
ing by sea rather than being
transported by Iranian 747s as they
were shortly after the outbreak of the
Iran-Iraq war. Why is Kim 11-sung con-
tinuing to supply light arms and artil-
lery to a nation at war with Pyongyang's
non-aligned comrades in Iraq?
Perhaps his tactics were coordi-
nated with Moscow. Or, as some ana-
lysts suggest, Kim may like Khomeini's
strident anti-Western rhetoric and the
hard currency he has to offer.
During his visit last month to Aden,
South Yemen, Libya's Moammar Qad-
dafi signed a friendship treaty with the
leaders of South Yemen and Ethiopia in
which they vowed to cooperate in
opposing U.S. designs in the region.
Qaddafi also talked to representatives
of such Arab organizations as the
Sudanese communists, the Gulf Liber-
ation Front, the Oman Popular Liber-
ation Front, Lebanon's communist
party, and the Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).
Qaddafi continued to call publicly
for peace between the pro-Soviet
regime in South Yemen and North
Yemen, which is backed by Saudi Ara-
bia and, increasingly,by Iraq. But his
money is likely to continue to support
Aden's guerrilla activities to the North.
Some North Yemenis are bitter that
the West is not supporting their
struggle.
. One villager, who had moved to the
capital with his family, told our corre-
spondent: "It is ultimately Russia
which is supplying the front with weap-
ons through the rulers of South
Yemen. But who is helping us? The
West and America are just looking on"
An intense educational program on
civil defense is stirring uneasiness
among the East Germans, many of
whom recall similar feelings just
before the beginning of the Second
World War. According to reports from
East Berlin, students throughout that
district are learning how to build air
raid shelters during compulsory
seven-day courses in civil defense. And
government publications on the sub-
ject are increasing in number.
"Every citizen has to participate in
the strengthening of the national
defense with greater personal effort,"
stressed Col. Werner Huebner in the
party magazine, Einheit (Unity).
Huebner, who is the director of the
Central Committee for Socialist
Defense Education, said that "if peace
is at stake, we cannot tolerate egoism
and laziness."
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North-South violence flares again in Korea
North and South Korean soldiers
fought a 10-minute machine-gun battle
across the tense Demilitarized Zone
shortly after a Japanese government
delegation recently visited the truce
village of Panmunjom.
There was no indication that the two
events were connected, but the
shooting seemed to underline the lin-
gering threat of renewed conflict in the
Korean peninsula more than 30 years
after North Korea started the Korean
War.
The South Korean government has
asked Japan for economic aid which
would help Seoul to boost its defenses
against the military threat from the
North.
On the day of the fighting, however,
talks between the visiting Japanese
delegation, led by Foreign Minister
Suaao Sonoda, and South Korean offi-
cials in Seoul ended in disagreement on
the aid issue. Sonoda reiterated his
government's position that Tokyo was
unwilling to help fund South Korea's
defense because it would conflict with
Japan's "peace" constitution. A first
round of Japanese-South Korean talks
held in Tokyo barely three weeks ear-
lier had stumbled on the same problem
(See International Report No. 36).
Sonoda and five other Japanese offi-
cials briefly visited Panmunjom, about
90 miles to the west of where the
shooting occurred minutes later.
In its account of the incident, the
Seoul Defense Ministry reported no
South Korean casualties. It was not
known whether anyone was hit on the
North Korean side, whose guards at
one of the DMZ border posts had
started the firefight.
A South Korean spokesman blasted
the North Koreans for their "stepped-
up provocation." The last similar inci-
dent had been reported in April, when
North Korean forces fired across the
DMZ in a vain attempt to prevent one of
their soldiers from defecting to the
South.
The Seoul talks failed to produce a
customary joint communique, but the
two sides agreed that a meeting should
be arranged between South Korean
President Chun Doo-hwan and Jap-
anese Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki.
No date was set.
Tokyo has been unwilling to accept
the South Korean contention that the
Japanese should contribute to Seoul's
defenses because they have an impor-
tant stake in preventing a possible com-
munist invasion or takeover of South
Korea which would also pose a threat to
Japan.
But South Korean efforts to obtain
increased economic aid from Japan
got a boost in early September when
formerPrime Minister Kakuei Thnaka,
one of Tokyo's most powerful political
figures, backed the idea. He was
quoted as saying, "It is unnatural that
there should be such a big fuss about $5
billion or $6 billion needed (by South
Korea) for economic assistance."
Japan's second-largest opposition
group, the centrist Komeito Party, also
recently threw its support behind
Seoul's request for more aid.
In another development, seven U.S.
Air Force advanced F-16 jet fighters
arrived at the South Korean air base of
Kunsan recently. A total of 48 F- 16s are
expected to be deployed in the country
by next March, replacing the aging
USAF F-4 Phantom jets.
Chinese labor camp
A unique hand-written 196-page
account of life in a Chinese communist
prison camp was reportedly smuggled
out recently. The document, penne1 by
38-year-old dissident Liu Qing records
instances of prison brutality, including
severe beatings, and bitterly criticizes
Peking's political and legal system.
Many thousands of Chinese unde-
sirables are said to live in communist
penal camps where they undergo "edu-
cation through labor."
Knowledgeable Chinese sources
said they believed Liu's report was
genuine.
Liu had reportedly sold transcripts
of the trial of China's well-known dissi-
dent Wei Jingsheng and was arrested
in Peking in November 1979. Wei was
imprisoned for 15 years on subversion
charges.
Western correspondents in Peking
obtained Liu's document at a time when
Peking officials have launched a
renewed effort to clamp down on what
they call a Western-influenced "bour-
geois liberalist tendency" among Chi-
nese writers and artists.
The Peking campaign mainly
involves attacks by high-level party
functionaries, including the top lead-
ership, in the state media against
"ultra-individualistic" artists who
"want absolute liberty." Strong and
repeated official criticism was espe-
cially leveled against 61-year-old
screen writer Bai Hua for his film
script "Bitter Love," in which he por-
trayed the late Mao Tse-tung as a "god
who failed" and raised questions about
China's future under communism.
Attacks on Bai Hua are widely seen as
a warning to the public against
expressing similar thoughts.
In another development in Peking
recently, the standing committee of the
National People's Congress rubber-
stamped a relatively minor cabinet
shuffle among several trade and indus-
try ministry posts. It also said that an
NPC session in November will discuss
a report on the national economy by
Premier Zhao Ziyang.
Among the announced changes in
the cabinet was the replacement of
Foreign Trade Minister Li Qiang by
Zheng Thubin.
Cambodians seek to formn exile government
Leaders of the three main Cambo-
dian resistance groups met in Singa-
pore during the first half of September
and agreed in principle to form a coali-
tion government-in-exile. Although
many important details still have to be
worked out in future negotiations, the
three factions want to present the out-
line of their consensus before the cur-
rent session of the United Nations
General Assembly.
The U.N. still recognizes the ousted
Marxist Khmer Rouge regime led by
Khieu Samphan and Pol Pot as the
legitimate government of Cambodia
under the name of "Democratic Kam-
puchea"
Aside from Khieu, the other leaders
at the Singapore talks were former
Prime Minister Son Sann and Prince
Norodom Sihanouk. Further talks are
to be held in Bangkok.
Some officials of the five-member
Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) - which organized
the meeting - were quoted as saying
the Khmer Rouge appeared to he
intransigent.
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Analysts believe the group's Peking
backers have encouraged them to take
an aggressive stance by providing
them with ample supplies of weapons
and funds and by spreading massive
pro-Khmer Rouge propaganda. This
propaganda is believed to be responsi-
ble for a widespread belief that the
Khmer Rouge are the only effective
anti-Vietnamese resistance group in
Cambodia.
Some media reports, attributed
mostly to statements by Thai officials,
have recently suggested that Son Sann
was intransigent in demanding that
Khmer Rouge leaders leave Cambodia
following a possible withdrawal of
Vietnam's 200,000 occupation troops
and that military leadership should go
to his Khmer People's National Liber-
ation Front (KPNLF). But analysts sup-
port Son Sann's contention that the
Cambodian people would prefer con-
tinued Vietnamese control over a
return to power of the genocidal
Khmer Rouge.
The analysts believe many reports
of Khmer Rouge victories in fighting
Vietnamese-led government troops
inside Cambodia are being deliber-
ately exaggerated in order to boost
their credibility as a resistance force.
But they concede that well-trained
Khmer Rouge guerrillas could prob-
ably overwhelm the smaller and rel-
atively ill-equipped KPNLF army and
Sihanouk's tiny Moulinaka group if the
Vietnamese left Cambodia. Son Sann's
aides have explained that this is the
main reason for his reluctance to com-
promise on some political and military
issues, saying most Cambodians could
not support him if he opened the way
fora possible Khmer Rouge comeback.
Intense pressure from the Thai gov-
ernment - which wants to please
Peking because it sees China as its only
potential protector against Vietnam-
ese aggression - led Son Sann to
weaken his strong stand against
Khmer Rouge participation in a future
Cambodian administration.
But observers believe the KPNLF
leader hopes to get political and mate-
rial support from Western countries -
especially the United States which has
so far done practically nothing to
strengthen Son Sann's position vis-a-
vis the Khmer Rouge - in return for
his readiness to deal with the Pol Pot
group.
Vietnam, meanwhile, reportedly
made a lame attempt to improve the
prospects for ASEAN recognition of its
puppet regime in Phnom Penh by sug-
gesting to Indonesian officials that it
was willing to replace President Heng
Samrin with Communist Party chief
Pen Sovan. Diplomats in Jakarta
apparently spread the rumor that such
a suggestion - which some observers
termed ridiculous - was made by
Hanoi officials in talks with visiting
Indonesian military intelligence chief
Benny Murdani recently.
Within ASEAN, Indonesia is prob-
ably the staunchest opponent of
Peking's policies toward the region. It
is also generally more receptive to
Vietnam's repeatedly stated concerns
about a Chinese threat than some of the
other ASEAN governments.
Afghan rebels on offensive
The Hizbe Islami Afghan guerrilla
group claimed recently to have wiped
out up to 1,000 Soviet troops and
destroyed 200 tanks at the important
Baghlan province army base of Qalagi,
about 90 miles north of Kabul. The
insurgents said their attack, in late
August, was the most devastating
operation they have carried out since
the 1979 Soviet invasion.
Western diplomats have confirmed
recent major guerrilla successes in
repelling Soviet offensives, but the
Hizbe group's figure for Soviet casual-
ties in the Qalagi raid was probably
inflated.
Inanother development, diplomatic
sources said in early September that
Moslem insurgents have thwarted
attempts by Soviet-led Afghan govern-
ment forces to seize strategic Panjshir
Valley, some 60 miles north of the capi-
tal.
The sources also said that guerril-
las had regained control of the town of
Paghman near Kabul.
Kabul authorities, meanwhile, have
limited a recent call-up order for for-
mer soldiers under age 35 following
widespread demonstrations against
the move.
Police reportedly killed two stu-
dents at a Kabul girls' school in trying
to forcefully disperse demonstrators
protesting the call-up, which was
announced at the beginning of this
month. Many other public protest
moves were reported for several days,
including a one-day strike by shop-
keepers. An undetermined number of
people were injured in confrontations
with government forces.
The authorities later issued a modi-
fied version of the original
announcement, exempting teachers,
lecturers, students and government-
employed drivers from the call-up.
The Kabul regime is desperately
trying to bolster the ranks of its army,
which have been depleted by mass
desertions.
Egyptians explode KGB operation... again
Egyptian intelligence officers
capped a three-year investigation of
KGB activity in Egypt on Sept. 15 with
the expulsion of the Soviet ambassador
and six other diplomats.
In a long operation dubbed "Apple
19" involving the use of electronically
monitored contacts between the KGB
members and Egyptian opposition fig-
ures, the Egyptians discovered that
Soviet intelligence agents mas-
querading as diplomats in Cairo had
engaged in anti-state activities and
were responsible for much of the sec-
tarian strife in Egypt during the last
year.
The development confirmed the
fears of many experts who have
warned that Egypt, because of its
closeness to the United States, has been
one of the foremost targets of Soviet
subversion.
The case seemed a textbook exam-
ple of KGB activity in foreign coun-
tries.
The Soviets booted from Egypt
included Ambassador Vladimir Pol-
yakov, six of his embassy staff, two
Soviet journalists - one for the Soviet
news agency Thss and the other for the
magazine Trud - and a Hungarian spy
working as a diplomat.
They were accused of working - in
coordination with intelligence ser-
vices and embassies of ther Eastern
bloc countries and local communists -
to overthrow the government of
President Anwar Sadat and fomenting
sectarian strife.
The Egyptian government also can-
celed the contracts of all Soviet techni-
cians working in Egypt - frequently
sent by Moscow to Third World coun-
tries equipped with special training in
indoctrination and disinformation
techniques - and gave them a week to
leave.
Western sources say about 1,000
Soviet experts remained in Egypt this
week - mostly working at the Soviet-
built Aswan dam and working in steel
and aluminum plants and other pro-
jects.
In addition, the Egyptian govern-
ment ordered the Soviet military
bureau in Cairo closed and shut down
its own military office in Moscow.
Cairo charged that the Soviets
recruited Egyptians to spy on "politi-
cal, religious, economic and military
conditions touching on state security"
and played "an outstanding role insti-
gating and escalating Moslem-
Christian strife."
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The Soviet Embassy was also
ordered to reduce its staff. Moscow
will be able to post no more diplomats
to Cairo than Egypt has posted in the
Kremlin. The 1981 diplomatic direc-
tory lists 40 Soviet diplomats in Cairo,
nearly twice the number of Egyptian
envoys in Moscow. Cairo gave the
embassy one week to reduce its staff.
The expulsions come two days after
the public announcement of the Soviet
plot. According to the official Egyptian
newspaper Mayo, two Soviet diplomats
were the link between the local plotters
and Moscow.
The paper said the plot, code-named
"The Swamp;' involved, in addition to
KGB agents, a former Egyptian deputy
prime minister, Mohammed Zayyat -
said to have been the local head of the
operation - as well as former minis-
ters, university lecturers and journal-
ists.
Other prominent Egyptians
accused of taking part in the plot were
the deputy chairman of the leading
opposition Socialist Labor Party,
Mohammed Murad, a prominent fig-
ure representing the Moscow-oriented
National Unionist Progressive rally.
The eight Egyptians involved were
among the more than 1,500 people
arrested on Sept. 5 during a govern-
ment crackdown on Moslem and
Christian extremists and political
radicals.
There was no reaction from the
Kremlin to the Cairo crackdown,
although Moscow Radio dismissed as
"absurd" the charges by Sadat of
Soviet involvement in plots.
Relations between the Soviet Union
and Egypt have been strained since
Sadat unceremoniously expelled
17,000 Soviet military personnel in
1972.
Four years later, he unilaterally
abrogated a friendship treaty with the
Soviets because of their opposition to
his Middle East peace policies and rap-
prochement with the United States.
In January 1980, Sadat ordered a
more than 50 percent reduction in
Soviet embassy staff to protest the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Experts say that one of the Soviet
Union's aims in Egypt was to arrange
communication links between Egyp-
tian leftists and the hard-line Arab
rejectionist front.
The front consists of Algeria, Syria,
Libya, South Yemen and the Palestine
Liberation Organization - all closely
tied to Soviet Mideast policy. All the
countries involved have severed diplo-
matic ties with Egypt and have been
violently hostile to Sadat's Mideast
peace policies.
The hard-liners gathered in Libya
on the day of the expulsion to discuss
the new U.S.-Israeli strategic cooper-
ation agreement. Iran was invited to
join their organization and partici-
pated in the meeting.
The immediate purpose of the Libya
gathering was to devise a plan to coun-
ter the Reagan administration's plan
for a strategic alliance of pro-West
nations in the Middle East. Last week,
Prime Minister Menachem Begin met
with President Reagan in Washington
where they agreed to forge a strategic
cooperation agreement to oppose
Soviet expansion in the region.
Defense Secretary Caspar Wein-
berger and Israeli Defense Minister
Ariel Sharon will meet in November to
work out the overall plan.
Western allies abstain as U.N. slaps S. Africa.
The major Western powers and
Japan rejected a harsh and polemical
condemnation of South Africa by the
United Nations in mid-September.
In a 117-0 vote, the U.N. General
Assembly voted to "impose compre-
hensive sanctions" to punish South
Africa for its recent raid into Angola to
wipe out terrorist strongholds and for
its reluctance to grant indepdendence
to Namibia on U.N. terms.
Ignoring Third World rhetoric, the
U.S., Britain, France, Japan, Canada
and West Germany along with 19 other
nations abstained from voting on the
U.N. resolution.
In terms of its actual repurcussions,
the U.N. vote against the South Afri-
cans is virtually meaningless.
The U.N. wants to supervise elec-
tions in Namibia but insists on
maintaining its long-standing recogni-
tion of the Soviet-backed South West
Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)
as the "sole legitimate representative
of the Namibian people."
There are several major political
parties in the territory which, unlike
SWAPO, do not promote violent "class
struggle." But the U.N. has consistently
refused to recognize them. This, pri-
marily, has led South Africa to block
the road toward Namibian indepen-
dence, which, in return, has resulted in
additional condemnation from the U.N.
Mutinies plague Chad
Beginning in early September, a
series of army mutinies erupted in
Christian-dominated southern Chad,
creating suspicions of Libyan
involvement, according to Vice
President Abelkader Wadal
Kamougue. Not surprisingly, however,
there were no public accusations
against Libya, which is believed to
maintain more than 5,000 troops and
advisers in Chad to bolster the regime
of President Goukouni Oueddei.
The immediate cause of the riots
appear to be the government's inability
to pay its army. This created a situation
on Sept. 9 in which troops took over the
town of Sarh, Chad's third largest. Gov-
ernment officials and army officers
were seized, along with government
money.
Reports have been circulating of
alleged embezzlement of public funds
by the government of the southern
zone.
Kamougue is a southerner himself
and he may represent a faction in the
government which has come to resent
Libya's attempts to promote its ide-
ology of Islamic socialism and pro-
Sovietism throughout Africa. The
northern parts of Chad are dominated
by Semitic Muslim peoples whereas
the southern population is mostly
black and Christian.
More Uganda terror
Ugandan government troops in
mid-September murdered 18 civilians,
including children, in the village of
Wakio during a three-day rampage,
according to residents.
This was the latest of several major
looting and killing incidents involving
Uganda's undisciplined army. On Sept.
1, police and troops battled in Kampala
after soldiers reportedly robbed civil-
ians.
Government officials denied that
anti-government insurgents were
involved. Socialist President Milton
Obote has vowed a complete investiga-
tion.
Other wanton killings by Ugandan
forces have been reported in north-
western Uganda. More than 100,000
refugees have escaped into
neighboring Zaire as of early Septem-
ber, according to missionaries and
relief officials.
Libya-Sudan war of words
Sudanese officials quickly denied a
recent statement by the Libyan news
agency JANA that a state of emer-
gency had been declared in Sudan and
that disaffected army officers had
been arrested there.
Terming the report sheer propa-
ganda deriving from the political ten-
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7
sion between the two countries,
officials in Khartoum denounced the
Libyan regime's allegations. Tripoli
has been trying to foment rebellion in
Sudan through guerrilla groups and
other Sudanese opponents of Khar-
toum's pro-Egypt and anti-Soviet
stance.
Sudanese army and security forces
have been conducting exercises
recently, according to the Khartoum
officials who note their troops were
"testing military efficiency." It was not
known if the exercises were related to
recent published reports of a Libyan-
hacked buildup of guerrilla forces
close to the Sudanese border in
neighboring Chad.
Solidarity s `bill of rights' threatens Moscow
Solidarity's first-ever national con-
gress this month was much more than
simply a meeting of trade union del-
egates. It was more like a political con-
vention, and a final resolution drafted
by union members read like a bill of
rights for Eastern Europe.
Speeches given by the delegates
showed that Solidarity was far more
interested in politics than mundane
trade union matters. Resolutions
adopted by the 892 delegates called for
free elections to the national parlia-
ment, a national referendum on the
scope of self-mangement, and reforms
that would grant workers significant
power in running businesses and fac-
tories. They also demanded "social
control" over mass media and changes
in educational textbooks, as well as
freedom for political prisoners.
All this was heady stuff for a nation
very much under the dominion of the
Soviet Union. Tb no one's surprise, the
Kremlin reacted harshly to the Soli-
darity congress, calling it an "anti-
socialist, anti-Soviet orgy."
According to Western diplomats,
the fury of Soviet attacks on Solidarity
has shown that the Kremlin's
"patience" with developments in
Poland is beginning to wear very thin.
This week, the Soviet Union
accused Solidarity of spreading an
anti-Soviet and anti-socialist "psycho-
sis" in preparation for overthrowing
the government.
Of particular concern to Moscow
has been Solidarity's demand for
access to the mass media. Solidarity
leader Lech Walesa was quoted
recently as saying his union would
build its own television transmitter if
the communist authorities continued
to restrict the union's access to the
mass media.
But the head of state television,
Stanislaw Loranc, retorted by vowing
that the authorities would oppose all
attempts to break the state
broadcasting monopoly.
Three commentaries published by
the official Soviet media left no doubt
that Moscow was not only enraged by
the resolutions passed at Solidarity's
Gdansk congress but also regarded
them as a direct challenge.
Gone were previous careful
attempts to direct all criticism of the
10-million member union towards an
unspecified group of "extremists" in
the leadership. Instead, Solidarity as a
whole was condemned as a counter-
revolutionary group ready to "make a
grab at power."
Absentalso wereany expressions of
confidence or support for the hard-
pressed communist leadership in War-
saw.
A particularly sharp attack was
reserved for the union's declaration of
support for the creation of indepen-
dent trade unions elsewhere in the
Soviet bloc, branded by the commen-
tary as "openly provocative and impu-
dent toward the socialist countries."
Diplomats said this showed that in
M'hscow's eyes Solidarity had gone too
far, that it was now challenging not only
the leadership in Warsaw but Commu-
nist authority in the whole Soviet bloc.
There has been little sign that other
governments need fear the birth of a
rebellious labor movement. But the
Kremlin might consider that the sheer
"insolence" of the union toward Mos-
cow could undermine its authority in
Eastern Europe.
But other diplomats said Moscow
will bide its time and hope the growing
shortages of food and fuel in Poland
would solve the problem by them-
selves.
The Kremlin may be hoping hard-
ships of the coming winter will destroy
Solidarity's credibility. If violence
broke out, an intervention to restore
law and order could be presented to the
rest of the world as an act of mercy.
Haig bolsters NATO morale in anti-Soviet talk
Secretary of State Alexander Haig
has accused Moscow of jeopardizing
peace in Europe through its rapid
expansion of nuclear weaponry in the
region.
The accusations were contained in a
recent speech in West Berlin designed
to boost the morale of NATO allies and
halt the drift toward neutralism in
Europe. Washington has been con-
cerned by the reluctance of some Euro-
pean allies to either boost their defense
spending or agree to a NATO plan to
deploy medium-range nuclear mis-
siles on their soil.
"It is Soviet tanks, not NATO's
defense against those tanks that
threaten the peace of Europe," Haig
said, charging the Soviets with a "rapid
expansion of nuclear weaponry" in
Europe.
In the speech, Haig also accused the
Soviet Union of using poisonous
chemicals in Afghanistan and Indo-
china in violation of international
agreements.
The speech took place before a
backdrop of violent anti-U.S. demonos-
trations in West Berlin. Sixty police
were injured and 128 arrests reported
during a demonstration of up to 50,000
protesters.
The official sponsors of the demon-
stration were the youth organizations
of the SocialDemocrats and of Foreign
Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher's
Free Democrats. Also participating in
the demonstrations were the Commu-
nist Party, pacifist, religious-liberal
and anarchist groups. But radical left-
ists were known to have played an
instrumental role in organizing the
rioting. Rally organizers played heav-
ily on fears of war and opposition to the
NATO plan to deploy U.S. medium-
range missiles in Europe.
Two days after the demonstration,
the commander-in-chief of the U.S.
Army in Europe was slightly injured in
an ambush by terrorists firing guns
and anti-tank grenades. It was the
fourth terrorist attack on Americans in
West Germany in two weeks.
A spate of anti-American protests,
including arson attacks, followed the
bombing last month of the U.S. Ram-
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8
stein Air Force base in which 20 people
were injured. The extreme leftwing
Red Army Faction claimed responsi-
bility.
Norway votes right
A conservative-led coalition com-
mitted to strong NATO ties has
defeated Norway's Labor Party gov-
ernment under Gro Harlem Brund-
tland, the Nordic country's first
woman prime minister. Although the
Labor Party emerged with the largest
bloc of seats, Conservative Party
leader Kaare Willoch was expected to
become the next prime minister by
forming a coalition with two smaller
conservative groups.
The Conservatives promised a
period of economic austerity, firm
adherence to the NATO alliance and an
end to Mrs. Brundtland's often tempes-
tuous, aggressive style of government.
Willoch, who describes himself as
"not extremely liberal in economic
policy, but anti-socialist," strongly
favors more defense spending. While
Labor was legislating NATO's 3 per-
cent annual defense increase last year.
Willoch was urging a 4 percent
increase.
Qaddafi tied to British left
Libyan strongman Moammar Qad-
dafi has reportedly been making reg-
ular contributions in packages
sometimes as large as $100,000 to left-
ist supporters in Britain.
According the the Sunday 't'ele-
graph newspaper, much of the money
was donated to the Workers Rev-
olutionary Party-whose most famous
member reportedly is actress Vanessa
Redgrave-to finance leftist activities
and subsidize its party journal, News
Line.
The WRP is active in several unions
and in inner city areas such as the Lon-
don slum of Brixton, where race riots
erupted last spring and during the
summer resulting in hundreds of
arrests.
The newspaper, quoting Libyan
exiles living in London, said'Tripoli had
made regular donations as high as
$100,000 once or twice a year over the
past several years to leftist groups in
Britain.
Pinochet shuts down his Marxist opposition
Gen. Augusto Pinochet's military
government marked its eighth anni-
versary in power earlier this month
with a renewed pledge to crack down on
communist advances in Chile.
Despite a recent upsurge of guer-
rilla violence attributed to the out-
lawed Movement of the Revolutionary
Left, President Pinochet retains a firm
grip on the nation. The Chilean leader,
who led the 1973 military coup against
Marxist Salvador Allende, has banned
political activity and rendered the for-
merly heavily politicized trade unions
powerless in what is officially
described as a transition to democracy.
Last year, 67 percent of Chilean voters
voted in favor of a new constitution
extending military rule for at least
eight more years, a term which ends in
1989 with presidential elections.
During the anniversary celebra-
tion, Pinochet said Chile's interna-
tional relations were improving
despite "an active anti-Chilean cam-
paign being conducted from Moscow."
He announced in his speech that the
government would elaborate a new law
to define terrorist crimes and to penal-
ties to be imposed so that "this evil
which threatens all Chileans can he
eradicated."
Referring to relations with the
United States, he said positive results
had been obtained since President
Reagan came to office.
Reagan has moved to end a U.S.
embargo on arms exports to Chile
imposed by President Carter's admin-
istration in protest over Chile's human
rights record.
Pinochet cited the official visit to
Chile last October by President Joao
Figueiredo of Brazil as contributing to
"promising expectations" and added
that Chilean views coincided with
many of those held by Uruguay and
Paraguay - which both have military-
dominated governments.
****
New crackdown in Managua
Nicaragua's leftist rulers have
declared an economic state of emer-
gency with a sweeping decree that
bans strikes and court injunctions
against government decrees for one
year.
The wide-ranging decree also pro-
hibits "false" news reports that trigger
changes in prices, salaries, rents or
currency exchange rates.
The "false" news report provision
carries a maximum thi cc-year sen-
tence as do provisions declaring it
illegal to destroy raw materials or to
halt the nation's mass transit system.
Also outlawed are mass land
takeovers and incitement of foreign
governments or credit institutions to
withhold or suspend economic aid to
Nicaragua.
The right to strike was suspended
and individuals were banned from
scei., .g cu;i: t injunctions to block gov-
ernment administrative decisions.
Junta leader Daniel Ortega also said
unofficial currency exchanges, which
buy U.S. dollars for more than twice the
official rate of exchange, have been
temporarily shut down. The govern-
ment also is imposing a hiring freeze,
trimming the current budget by five
percent and slashing private sector
subsidies by 10 percent in a move that
should save the Nicaraguan treasury
$43.gmillion this year, Ortega said.
Caribbean aid on schedule
A multinational plan to develop the
Caribbean basin is expected to be com-
pleted by next year. The economic plan,
mapped out in a conference earlier this
year, involves cooperation between the
United States, Venezuela, Mexico and
Canada, among other countries.
A top State Department official,
Thomas Enders, has emphasized the
program will not be a "mini-Marshall"
plan made in America, but instead an
economic partnership among the more
affluent nations in the Hesmisphere.
"We can contemplate no aid to
Cuba," Enders said. "So we agreed to
disagree, and went on to emphasize
what we do have in common - a com-
mitment to helping the area. We believe
we have established a firm partnership
for preceeding," he said.
Enders is undersecretary of state
on inter-American affairs. He said that
the foreign ministers of the United
States, Canada, Venezuela and Mexico
will meet later this year, and he added
that contacts will be extended to inter-
ested countries outside the Caribbean
later in the fall. "We are not looking for
quick fixes. There are none - and we
know it," he said.
This confidential report is a publication of FREE PRESS INTERNATIONAL Research Center in New York. Further information
about items included in the INTERNATIONAL REPORT will be made available to subscribers upon request.
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