MEDIA ARTICLES RE: CIA ACTIVITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-01137R000100060001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 75
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 1, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 7, 1985
• Content Type: NSPR

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VV-I CH IT_a E\GLF (KS 1
June 1985
CIA Submarine Study Is Welcome
WORD that the CIA has started a com-
prehensive $10 million study of the
supposedly invulnerable U.S. missile
submarine fleet is welcome, and not just
because the Walker family spy ring is al-
leged to have put information about the sub-
marine program into the Soviets' hands. It's
vital that the nation's military planners know
if their assumption that the nuclear-missile-
laden submarines are invulnerable to Soviet
detection - and attack --- is still valid.
-Ordered by Congress, the study will be as
broad as possible, encompassing all avail-
able technical and intelligence sources.
The other elements of the United States'
nuclear weapons force, land-based missiles
and missiles housed in strategic bombers,
are much more predictable components of
the complex global nuclear eq 'on_ than
nuclear. submarines. It's conceiv
viets could neutralize those wea lltid in
the process, retard the United S ability
to retaliate against a Soviet nu attack.
Not so U.S. submarines - or so gone the
thinking at the Pentagon, the White House
and the National Security Agency. As long as
the five U.S. Trident and 31 Poseidon subma-
rines now in service range freely in the
world's oceans, impervious to Soviet detec-
tion, the standard thinking has it, the United
States' retaliatory capacity is assured. That,
in turn, reduces the likelihood the Soviets
would strike first.
Even if the worst fears about the Walker
spy ring --- that it could be the most damag-
ing potential threat to U security since the
passage of the atomic born rmula to the
Soviets back in the 1950s -- aren't eventual-
ly confirmed, the CIA study still makes
sense. If the study merely confirms the nu-
clear submarines' invulnerability, the $10
million will have- been a small price to pay
for peace-of-mind among military planners
and American citizens. And if the study
showrthose assumptions aren't valid, Ameri-
cane at least will cease living in a fool's
paradise, and have a sense of what must be
done to bolster their nuclear security. J
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AL4 r BALTIMORE NEWS AMERICAN
14 May 1985
DEFENSE SPENDING
CIA STUDY SEEKS WAYS TO STREAMLINE THE SYSTEM., PROMOTE EFFICIENCY
Free market is worth more
than orderly procurement M^_n
t
By Marvin Leibstone
RECENT CL% study
claims that the Penta-
gon can reduce the
time spent developing
weapons and the cost
incurred by analyzing foreign meth-
ods. Even Soviet purchasing has
something to offer, the report adds.
Right now, it takes an average
six to 11 years to develop an Ameri-
can weapon from concept to produc-
tion, depending on the complexity of
the item. Foreign governments pull
it off sooner.
In 1971, Congress was voting
whether to pursue the MX. Produc-
tion did not begin until a decade
later.
But America's problems in devel-
oping weapons have a lot to do with
America's free economy. The ab-
sence of these problems in foreign
countries has much to do with
Marxism.
In the United States, private cor-
porations first compete with each
other with a design for fighter plane,
tank or machine gun. The Pentagon
select.s what it believes is the best
design. -In the Soviet Union and
other Warsaw Pact countries, this
does not happen.
Moscow chooses the designer and
the factory, and supervises produc-
tion every step 6f the way.
It can be argued that Pentagon-
preparation of design criteria and
its review of competing designs
lengthen the development process.
The CIA notes that the best design
often wins a production competition
when, in fact, another organization
may be the better producer-
in France, the relationship be-
tween the Ministry of Defense and
the private manufacturer is called
"a reserve domain," which means
the defense minister decides with-
out parliament which weapons will
be created- and how.
America prefers "the tortured
triangle," CIA's Phrase for the.
three-way relationship between
Pentagon, manufacturer and Con- would tri m cos
s an ti
gross. In 1966, Congress voted to an essential ingredient, "compe
review every item desired by the tion," would disappear.
The lack of competition for de-
military, prior to approval for funds. fense contract in foreign countries
The Pentagon must prove the enhances production. The Soviet
merit of a system before Congress Union can build a lot of things faster
than yea or nay. Congress also plays an the United States. Missing,
an overseer's role during develop though, is a direct result of competi-
ment of these products. tion.-.quality.
"Too many bakers making the There is a trendy joke, "He who
has the
pie," the CIA document suggests. most toys. +vins" Nothing
.Every defense analyst in the could he more wrong with respect to
United States wants Pentagon pro- recent or future wcu-s. In 1973 and
curement streamlined. Says a re- 1982, it was Israeli ingenuity and.
tired Navy contracting officer, "Pos- quality of reconnaissance and at-
sibly $5.2 billion can be saved tack systems that defeated Soviet-
annually with appropriate reform. backed means. .
Former Deputy Secretary of De- Saturation bombing and mas~
fense Frank Carlucci said in 1981,
"If Secretary of Defense Weinberger attack had less impact on Vietcong
and I do nothing else in these four or North Vietnamese batathons in
the the 1970s than a few guided systems
years except to straighten out
weapons acquisition system, we wrill t nth high target selection capabili
have had a successful tour " 5
Competition is more than a -con-
Carlucci. who was once CIA dep- dition in America; it is an instru-
uty director, left the Pentagon three ment, without which quality be-
years ago to work for Scars. But not comes a second-rate idea.
much abbot Pentagon acquisition Still, the Pentagon must decide
has changed since Ronald Reagan how to maintain competition and
The -
be -ITne he list of president. ideas for reform is well quality while reducing production
The and costs. More emphasis on
known. Hardly a year passes when improvement of the acquisition pro-
a senator or House member does not cess is likely to end in quick-fix
offer defense reform legislation. recommendations that, in the end,
Laws requiring more purchases of exact a terrible social price. - .
off-the-shelf and modularized equip- The CIA study is useful in that it
ment would save design and produc- describes how. other countries do
tion time: things. But there is nothing in it
The elimination of design compe- worth applying to the U.S. defense
titions in favor of production con- industry, unless the nation decides.
tracts, which would include the-%de- that-free market values are worth
sign phase, would save time and ? less than orderly procurement.
money. It makes sense. too for the 1 ? Meirvin. Leibstone writes for
Pentagon to buy component-,, in. these pages. on national and for-
stead of prime contractors doing so eign affairs.
and overcharging the government.
These recommendations would -
not devalue a free market society.
Adopting more easy-to-control mea-
sures for- timely procurement of
items such as exist in the Soviet
'Union or, for that matter, France.
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WASHINGTON POST
28 April ly85
OIL YA.GE w
The Worid-GEass
University That Our
City Has Become
Its Intellectual Clout Equals London's,
But Will Politicians Be the Wiser?
By Amitai Etzioni
HEN .1 ACCEPTED a professorship at The George Wash-
ington University in 1980, several of my colleagues won-
dered: "Leaving Columbia University - to move to Wash-
Some years back I was asked to conduct.
an intra-agency review for the U.S. Commis-
sioner -of. Education. I found that he had a
very small staff working directly for him, and
had- a, hard time getting the information he
required to evolve policies he was interested
in. In the same agency and building,.119 re-
searchers were busy studying numerous
aspects of education and issuing reports
reqularly. I visited them to discuss their
becoming more responsive to the commis-.
sioner, and to their agency (and the coun-
try's) policy needs.
"Not on your life" was the unanimous re-
sponse. Their pride, joy, and ambition was
academic work. Indeed, their allies on the
campus called. me and warned that if the co-
missioner turned the research to "applied,"
they would. appeal to their friends in Con-
gress to gut the agency's research budget.
All over Washington, openly and secretly,
--- b overnment-hired PhD's from the CI
to the Census Bureau to NIMH - on the
side and while at work, research is con-
ducted an written u in re orts that are in-
'stm s a e from those reared at the
heights of the academic ivory towers from
Stanford's . oover Institute to s ec -
nology Square. It may be distressing to their.
apartment heads and to OMB, but, it adds
grist to,the academic mills of W.M.U.
ton?" Washington was a notoriously un-academic and a-intellec-
in
g
-tual town, one of the few world capitals without a "major" university.
:.: I am still asked that question, but much less often. Over the last
few years, Washington crossed an admittedly ill-defined threshold
beyond which cities qualify as major centers of research, higher
learning and dissemination of knowledge. Just as it now has sidewalk
-cafes and more than 200 art galleries where there were 18.a decade
ago, it. now has so many new institutes and centers that, together
with its older academic institutions, it easily matches the intellectual
--vigor of contemporary London. It also has almost as many little
-magazines (where intellectuals float new ideas) and writers-in-resi-
1ence as the Left Bank of Paris.
x t is is EXCERPTED
Amitai Etzioni is a professor at The George Washington University..-,
and director of the Center forPolicy Research.
EXCEMED
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cI; _ 30 August 1983
WASHINGTON TALK
Briefing
The `Jugular.' Newsletter
W ashington is awash with
newsletters. Hundreds of
them scrutinize the minu-
tiae of Government affairs for clients
in industry and for subscribers inter-
ested in almost everything from air
pollution to tax havens. And now
there is "Early Warning," a $1,000-
a-year monthly newsletter for "key
decision-makers" who want to know
about "matters of jugular concern."
Everything about the nine-month-
old venture carries hush-hush over-
tones. "Personal and confidential" is
written on mass-distribution letters
recently sent to solicit subscribers.
On this basis, it is not surprising that
Arnaud de Borchgrave, one of the
publishers and writers, said the news-
letter itself was "ultraconfidential.,'
According to Mr. de Borchgrave, this
means that if you subscribe, you
should not make copies on the office
copying machine.
The newsletter is published by Mid-
Atlantic Research Associates, con-
sisting of Mr. de Borchgrave, former
chief foreign correspondent for News-
week; John Rees, who publishes in-
formation Digest, another newslet.
ter, and Robert Moss, a former editor
at The Economist.
"Early warning" .promises to
scoop the daily news media on domes-
tic and foreign news, as seen through
the eyes of "former intelligence offi-
cers, including ranking defectors
,from the K.G.B. and its proxy serv-
ices and former government officials
recently in sensitive positions." Mr.
de Borchgrave said he recently of-
fered early warnings on such things
as Libya's troop buildup before its in-
vasion of Chad and a currency deval-
uation in Venezuela.
"After studying our track record,"
Mr. De Borchgrave wrote to potential
subscribers, "Bill Casey of the C.I.A.
took several subscriptions."
William J. Casey, the Director of
Central Intelligence, is on vacation,
but Dale Peterson, an agency spokes-
man, said that no copies of the news-
letter had arrived in the director's of-
fice, although he said Mr. Casey could
be receiving them at home.
Mr. Peterson said he was not famil-
iar with "Early Warning," but that
even if he were, he would not be able
to comment on its contents.
The Report on Reports
tier writing legislation, Congress
has to know how it works in the.
real world Consequently,
many laws require Government
agencies to make reports an enforce-
ment status, on significant mistakes,
on plans to spend large hunks of
money and even reports on reports.
The Clerk of the House recently
filed a report listing about 3,000
mandatory reports. The General Ac-
counting Office, which regularly re-
ports an wasteful reporting, knows of
a couple thousand other reports,
which, altogether, cost mom than $80
million a year to produce.
"I like the report the C.I.A. has to
write whenever they off someone,"
said Dan Buck, an aide to Represent-
ative Patricia Schroeder and an avid
reader of the House Clerk's report on
reports. He was referring to a State
Department report entitled, .'Illegal
intelligence activity; significant in-
telligence failure; correctiveaction. "
Some reports are theoretically
available to the public, but it requires
dogged research, starting at the'
House Documents Room. Most re-
ports, however, are deemed confiden-
tial.
A sampling: "Certain ewes of
the President and Vice President,"
"Audit of the House Beauty Shop,"
"Advance report on proposed mili-
tary or paramilitary operations in
Angola," "Americans incarcerated
abroad," "Audits of undercover
operations," "Means of preserving
and conserving intangible elements
of the nation's cultural heritage,"
"Failure to compile a role of men=
bens of tribe who possess Kickapoo
blood," "Activities of the Gold Star
Wives of America," "Annual report
of Little League Baseball," "Sum-
mary and review of the continuing
study of rape," "Efforts to reduce
paperwork and reporting."
Periodically, Congress passes a
law to toss out some of the less useful
studies. Recent cuts from the annual
publication list include $7,.000 worth of
reports on the Tule Elk herd in Cali-
fornia and $5 million worth of reports
on Federal employee training pro-
grams.
Michael deCourcy Hinds
Warren Weaver Jr.
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_~CT~ -"ter'
OZ PAGE
ATLANTIC MONTHLY
MARCH 1983
Saudi Arabia finds in the perceived unity and
of OPEC a convenient illusion
THE CARTEL THAT NEVE
BY EDWARD JAY EPSTEmT
0 PEC, WHICH STANDS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF PE-
troleum Exporting Countries, is a four-letter word
synonymous with prodigious wealth, arbitrary
power, and fear. The wealth is from the combined oil sales
of its thirteen member nations, which exceeded $240 bil-
lion in 1981--a sum greater than half of the entire M-1
money supply in the United States; the power from the
fact that its members control nearly two thirds of the free
world's oil reserves; and the fear from the threat that
OPEC might cut off this lifeline of energy, paralyzing the
world's economy. Sixteen industrial nations, led by the
United States, banded together in 1974 to create an orga-
nization known as the International Energy Agency,
which, in the event of a dreaded OPEC cutoff, would ra-
tion the remaining. supply of oil among the industrialized
nations. OPEC was taken so seriously that in 1979 Presi-
dent Jimmy Carter specifically blamed OPEC for both the
recession and inflation, and there were even hints from
Henry Kissinger of American military actions against
OPEC. Indeed, no other organization, with the possible
exception of the first Communist Internationale, has ex-
cited such fears on a global scale.
The continued preoccupation with the potential threat of
OPEC, however, distracted attention from the actual
flesh-and-blood organization that inspired it. Despite a
booming voice that has reverberated through the world's
media for the past decade, it turns out that OPEC is an
astoundingly small organization. Its headquarters, in Vi-
enna, is its only office: there are no branches or represen-
tatives elsewhere. Except for the alert squad of Austrian
"Cobra" commandos with submachine guns guarding the
entranceway, the four-story building at Donaustrasse 93 in
downtown Vienna resembles any other modern office
building in Europe. It is built of gray marble and glass,
with a small parking lot in front, and almost identical
buildings on either side, housing IBM and an Austrian
bank In 1982, twenty-two years after it was founded,
OPEC employed only thirty-nine persons-all men-on
its executive staff. Not counting a few dozen Austrian sec-
retaries and clerks and a handful of employees of OPEC's
Fund for International Development (which awards grants
and other largesse to countries in the Third World), this
staff of thirty-nine men constituted the entire worldwide
employment of OPEC. It included everyone from the se c-
i retary general to the press officers.
DESPITE THE MYTH THAT OPEC STATES DO NOT
need the oil revenues they receive, a secret 1982
CIA analysis showed that they would have a mini-
mum balance-of-trade deficit of $17 billion last year and
S25 billion this year. When the economic situation of the
individual members is considered, it emerges that only a
few have any real room to reduce production without caus-
ing financial calamity for themselves.
The members of OPEC fall into two distinct groups. The
first is the nine most populous countries, who desperately
need every dollar of oil income they can get. For example,
Venezuela requires all the revenue from its present pro-
duction of 2.3 million barrels a day just to pay the multi-
billion-dollar interest on its foreign debt. Ecuador, which is
in even worse financial straits, at full capacity cannot pay
its debt charges this year and has been forced into virtual
bankruptcy. Nigeria, which imports more than $1-billion
worth of goods each month, cannot further reduce oil pro-
duction without depriving its population of food and other
necessities. Gabon, the other Black African member of
OPEC, is in a similar financial bind. Algeria, which has a
$17.5 billion foreign debt, and Indonesia, which has a $26
billion foreign debt, are almost entirely dependent on oil
revenues to avoid defaults. Libya, once a cash-rich nation,
recently announced that it will have to continue to produce
at least twice its "quota" in order to avoid bankruptcy. Fi-
nally; Iran and Iraq, locked in an expensive war, need their
oil revenues to pay for arms and ammunition.
CCi
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,-ART I CLE APPE_4RRD
ON PAGE
' ATOP LENIN'S TOMB, Soviet President Leo- Nikolai A. Tikhonov, Viktor Grishin and An-'
nid L Brezhnev is flanked by Politburo mem- drei Kirilenko. All but Tikhonov are consid-
bers (from left) Konstantin Chernenko, ered candidates to succeed Brezhnev.
4 possible successors to Brezhnev
identified in U.S. intelligence report
By James McCartney The report;' which was produced
"WASIII~iGTOi' - ?Soviet President', fied. two others' as potential-- dark
Leonid I- Brezhnev, long in poor horses: Viktor-Grishin,..head of the
health. stands ."less- than a 50-5b Communist ' Party in Moscow, and
chance" of surviving the winter, ac- Andrei Kirilenko, a veteran Politbu-
cording to a U.S. intelligence report ro member and an expert in econom-
that narrowed the list of probable. is and industrial .policy.
successors to four. The report indicated that Grishin's
Two of the four -Yuri Andropov,
-former head: of the KGB, the secret
police, and Konstantin Chernenko. a.
close Brezhnev associate - were
ranked as the -top candidates for
Brezhnev's mantle
PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER
4 NOVTXBER 1982
chances. were diminished by the.fact
that he has never held national-level-
responsibilities. Kirilenko, who as.
recently as a year ago, was consid
ered the leading contender, report-
edly has been afflicted with a serious
illness and lately--has been .consid-
ered out of the running.
Major parts of the- report,. which
was obtained by" The Inquirer's
,Washington bureau, have been sent
to Congress, and an edited version is
expected to be published within the
next several weeks by the _ Senate-
House Joint Economic Committee:
The document stated that. no mat-
ter who succeeded Brezhnev, dra-
matic changes in Soviet policy ap-
peared unlikely, since all the
potential candidates have similar po-
litical outlooks- that also are very
much like Brezhnev's.
"Changes in Soviet policies are not
likely in the foreseeable future no
matter who. wields the gavel in
Kremlin conclaves," the document
stated.
"Conformity is the key to promo-
tion in the Soviet system far more.
say, than in ours, and those who rise
to the top will be well-honed in the
value system of their predecessors.
"The possibility. of radical change
early on is low."
Brezhnev, who will turn 76 next
:,UL-: LF
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26 OCTOBER 1982
e a ;; a tic- ar.~Wer-Lal~Ur Party candidate for the Senate, today
kr__rw =ZCO billion reduction in the nation's defense but-gat over the next
:'ton, proponent of a nuclear freeze, said even if the Reagan administration
En 4ar;gre~s do not agree to a freeze, he would reject ''first--strike'' weapons
syszcns such as the ;~X missile, the Trident iI missile, the Pershing II missile
and the ground-launched Cruise rr{ssile.
If the freeze idea is rejected -- and Dayton acknowledged that the Reagan
administration is not likely to adopt it -- then he would go along with
development of the Trident I missile, the Trident submarine and the air-launched
Cruise missile.
He said the united States must, in the absence of a freeze, continue to abide
by the MAD (mutual assured destruction) doctrine as a deterrent to Soviet
aggression.
Dayton, who seeks the seat held by Independent-Republican David Durenberger,
said he views the air-launched Cruise missile as '' retaliatory, because it was
be an planes based in the united States. He said the ground-launched Cruise
would be a first-strike system since it would be based in Europe.
Dayton said he would not build the b-1 bomber, as the Reagan administration
,as proposed, because CIA studies show the nation's present fleet of E-52s
will be able to penetrate Soviet air defenses until 9990 so he sees no need to
spend about $20 million a plane an the E-1. Dayton said he would support
development of the Stealth bomber, which is supposed to be ''invisible'' to
Soviet radar in the absence of a nuclear freeze.
X CERPT
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ARTICLE A?PEAtED
?'0N PAGM /
15 September 1982
aspipennV4.11
- with. some stress, .,strain.
Moscow
rivers or streams,,and,across bbzrrzr"eorar.
and Carpathian mountains - would have to'.=
step up their pace by "two or two-and-one-,--
half times" to stay on schedule. So, the. news,.
paper said,: would crews doing the rest of the
pipeline project: constructing living quar-,
lets, laying- pipe, and setting up 41 compres
sor stations. -
The Pravda article seemed to imply' that
detailed in earlier accounts published here
were hampering the_ Siberia-West Europe
project as well. These :include shortcomings
...The antidote; foreign diplomats assume. is-
to ensure top priority within the Soviet econo=,
my for the current pipeline project,'.-?some.
thing,-the.:Soviet authorities are clearly mov
'ing to, do;_in.hopes' of -making the pipeline a :
..~The~,- Soviet Union -is?beginning -ta-signal.
snags -and-'economic. sacrifices. in its- bid?_ to
:4 counter President Reagan's * gas-pipeline
sanctions::K: ;w - r-:,__~e'
Most-:diplomats and :foreign-'business
sources here, still feel that Moscow's centrally
::run economy will ensure completion.
`kind. of new-Siberia-Western Europe gas-link
by the current target date of January 1984.
Besides, these analysts say, the Soviets
-can almost certainly meet initial gas-delivery
ity in a smaller export pipeline, built in- the
A recent edition of the Soviet government
newspaper Izves-tia added that- 'a planned -
_.' Czechoslovakian pipeline to link the new Sibe-.
? .Tian export conduit with the West European
gas grid would operate at "full capacity" only
from 1988, but that this would not affect Euro-
...,pean deliveries contracted for earlier: - ----= -
And on the political front,, the men in the'
Kremlin can hardly be mourning the rancor: _
within the Western alliance caused by Mr::
--Reagan's June, 17 expansion of US sanctions-''
-against the gas-line project.'.-t.:= ::_ :~-
~' But the official Soviet news media have re-
cently given. a number of indications-that-
building the new pipeline around the.US trade:
.....restrictions-. will be,trickier;;,than;:initially==
suggested.:.
The first problem ;- and':: the= one... in the,
,view of foreign analysts, least complicated to
counter --- is the overall pace of work on the
;~ .line..Although most Soviet accounts have in-.
cluded routine statements, that,work is going .
well. and that the pipe link will be done on or-
ahead of schedule, the Communist Party
newspaper Pravda struck a discordant note
in an article Aug_ 18.
It said government officials had concluded
that workers clearing the line's roughly 2,700
mile route through same 450 miles. of-
swampland. 90. miles of permafrost over 561.
to
-dramatic-. symbol', of_. -Soviet immunity `
'-
(A CIA, analysis prepared. in August, con-'
clu es i be a le- meet:
t eir? gas a very commitments- to western.
e_ .1980s.-, espi e:e
eagan admmi ra 'on' s sanctions.].
onomy is,
trally, one weakness appears in handling var=
ious "priority" projects at once. The Siberian
pipeline is'competing with other majorworks :
already encountering problems of infrastruc=._
Lure .and equipment, for instance, the BAM '
`. tended as a centerpiece for a new spurt in Si
'berian resource development later in this dec-
ade.
second challenge for the Soviet econormy, more directly linked to the Reagan ad-
ministration sanctions, is to develop a dories-
-.tic substitute for the General Electric turbine.-I,
At first,' the Soviets- demonstratively
shrugged off Washington's move to embargo'
'the. 25-megawatt machine, the unrivaled.
world-market leader in powering high-capac-
ity pipelines. Within days of- Mr. Reagan's
June sanctions, the Soviets, whose domestic.
pipeline workhorse is a less, reliable and eff1-'
cient 10-megawatt turbine, announced, the
successful preliminary testing of- a new -25-
megawatt model by a factory in Leningrad. :.
Yet amid generally glowing reports of
progress in the development and production
o the turbine, which is deemed in some ways
superior to the GE machine, there have been.:
increasing indications of the sacrifices in-
?` volved in building the Soviet competitor and
of potential problems with the program. 11
,At least 20 Leningrad factories, according
to. Soviet, news media': reports, have been
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ARTICLE':!. kPP ED
ON FAG.
THE WASHINGTON POST
9,9 AUGUST 19 82 .
Arming Castro: A top-secret CIA
'-report notes a significant .develop-
.went in Soviet military aid to Chiba
rin. recent.,years. Until. about 19'78,
the Russians shipped an. average of
r 11;000 tons of military hardware' to
Cuba each year..
"The bulk of military tonnage
consisted of small arms, mortars and
ammunition," the CIA reported, add-
ing that there was "no evidence of a
shift since 1968 in the basic Soviet
policy. of replacing Cuban military
supplies and equipment, but with a
minimum of upgrading."'
But in, 1978i the shipments began
to include more sophisticated weap-
onry. And the volume has also. in-
creased. Last year, the; Russians sent,
Cuba 63,000 tons of. -war materiel,
twice as much as in 1980, and three
times the amount sent in any single
year since 1962.
Intelligence agencies estimate tie
total value of Soviet arms shipped. to
Cuba so far at some $2.5 billion, and;
one-fifth of that arrived. in 1981.
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 IV
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t' =`? ? w L' E kPP% ~~ j PARADE MAGAZINE
WASHINGTON POST
15 August 1982
Walter Scott's -
:p111i1Sa11ality oai'ado:
^Q. I have heard that President'Lyndon %ohnson
gave Israel the atom bomb. Is this true? Does Israel
have atomic bombs?-C.G., Oakland, Cal.
A. Lyndon Johnson did not give Israel the atomic
bomb. During his-administration, =however, the
CIA informed him that, in its opinion, the Israelis
had the know-how to make nuclear weapons. Six.
years later,. a 1974 CIA report -explained: We
believe that Israel-already has produced nuclear
weapons. Our judgment is based on Israeli acqui-
sition of large- quantities of uranium, partly by.
clandestine means; the ambiguous nature of Israe-
li efforts in the field of enrichment; and Israel
.large investments in a costly missile system de-
signed to accommodate nuclear warheads." In
foreign intelligence circles, it has long.been held
that Francis Perrin, scientific chief of the French
Atomic Commission for two decades (1950-70);
was -helpful to the Israelis-either knowingly or
unwittingly-by not hampering their acquisition
of nuclear know-how from Saint Gobain, a French,;
company particularly knowledgeable. in the tech- -
niques of plutonium -reprocessing...
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01 it
ARTICLE AP' AP
ON PAGE
NEW YORK TIMES
8 AUGUST 1982
the I
-
STUDY OF PROTESTS Among thecon conclusions reached in
C.I.A. analysis was as that while e many an an-
tiwar leaders lead close Communist as-
sociations "they do not appear to be
REPORTED IGN under ~~~ t~ ~thetiaannalysis said,
OREDtheir purposes insofar as the war m
Antiwar Movement:n 1967 ernment in Hanoi, the report,-aid that
.. - "Moscow exploits and may ;eed in-
Johnson Got C.I.A. Findings on Noting contacts between antiwar,
leaders and the North Vietnamese Gov-
TOLEDO, Ohio, .Aug. 1 (AP) -The
Central Intelligence Agency told Presi-
dent Johnson in 1967 that there was no
Communist-controlled . or foreign-in-
spired link to the protests against the
Vietnam War but be refused to believe
it, a historian says. .
A 23-page unsigned C.I.A. report, re-
cently declassified from "top-sect-
sensitive" status, was'-obtained from
the Johnson Presidential library in Aus. :
tin, Tex., by Charles DeBenedetti of the
University of Toledo.
The report, submitted to Johnson in
November 1967 by Richard Reims, then
Director of Central Intelligence,
stemmed in part from a march on the
Pentagon a month earlier, the historian
said.
About 100,000 protesters took.part in
the demonstration to oppose United
States involvement in Vietnam.
Mr. DeBenedetti, who- spy in
the historf of the antiwar movement,
said. the report was mentioned by con-
gressional committees investigating in-
telligencegathering practices but was
never made public before he obtained it
last September.
He said in a paper that the intelli-
gence agency's information to Johnson.
was colored by "the agency's bureau.'
cratic interest in aiding the Administra-
tion in its aim of discrediting the anti-I
war opposition."
fluence" peace groups through its front
organizations but that indications "of
covert or overt connections between
these U.S. activists and foreign govern-
ments are limited."
The analysts concluded, "On the
basis of what we now know, we see no
significant evidence that would prove
Communist control or direction of the
U.S. peace movement or its leaders.
The importance of the- analysis, Mr.
DeBenedetti said, is that Johnson "ig-
nored it because it did not suit his politi-
cal purpose, which was to establish for-
eign control of the antiwar movement."
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 Approved For Release'2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R0001
ARTICLE AI'P1 a E,D AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Oil PAGu 26 April 1982
The Great Laser Batty
Lines are being drawn again this year over the issue of 1987 unless funding levels -are increased, the report
U. S. military space laser research and development. contended. Although Cooper believes the laser pro-
Administration managers are trying to forestall an gram is adequately funded, the GAO report argues
attempt in the Senate to add funding for a demonstra- that its financing is actually the minimum to keep
tion program in space, and, after. President Reagan's things moving at all.
favorable nod toward the concept during his cam- Why the Defense Dept. is willing to settle for a
paign, the reasons for the foot dragging are baffling sedate!' paced laser pr ram is a question that has
some of the participants. not been fully answered in the wake of the ur orted-
Sen. Malcolm Wallop (R: Wyo.), who is a leader in ly inadvertent disclosure of a secret U: S. iritelli ence
We Senate pro-laser forces, -is critical of the Defense report on the oviet laser program at a congressional
Dept.'s management of the laser effort. He labels the earin :.That report said the Soviet Union has the
gambit to resist acceleration of the space-based laser capability to deploy~a space-based henergyr_Laser
program as the hostage-of-the-future technique. "It's - weapon station within a year, with operational capa-
an old bureaucratic trick,"-he says, postponing action bilit as earl as 4 $ or as late as 1 - -
available with today's technology-by pointing to the Just because the Soviet Union puts a high-energy
rosy potential of the. technology that will be coming laser into orbit does not mean the U. S. should do so
around the corner tomorrow.. willy-nilly. If the USSR can do the job technically,
The technology coming around the, corner tor-nor- though, there-is little doubt the U. S. could do so if it
row is the short-wavelength high-energy laser that accelerated its own work. This country leads the
Robert S. Cooper, director of the Defense Advanced Soviets by years in optical systems for laser weapon -
Research Projects Agency, encouraged' the, House systems, sensors and avionics. The gains from a
Armed Services Committee.to endorse. High-energy successful space-based laser weapon, particularly if it
laser research should be reoriented away from long- can. provide an early trajectory ballistic missile kill
wavelength chemical lasers toward short-wavelength capability, are so.enormous they certainly justify the
lasers, the House committee's report on the Fiscal risk in doing at least an orbital demonstration.. No
1983 Defense authorization bill recommends. treaty or diplomatic reasons for not doing so have
In line with that view, the House committee pro- arisen, and the explanation thus- devolves into a
poses to kill the Alpha hydrogen-fluoride chemical . financial one.
laser demonstration and the large optics :demonstra- Comments from Administration officials--Whit
e
tion experiment (Lode) and would delete as well '$40 House Science Adviser George Keyworth, for one-- -
million for USAF to begin a space-based laser dem- - are not critical of the space-based laser as such; but
onstration. Cooper is, at the least, passively standing - rather are skeptical of the time-scale on which the
by while the- House emasculates a near-term space development can be done. This is where Sen. Wallop
laser demonstration. Killing the Alpha and. optics takes issue. He contends that U. S. industry has the
demonstration programs is a mistake that will lose a . technical capability now in the critical technologies,-
valuable technology demonstration. Instead. of ant, that large enough mirrors can be built for_ a space
acceleration of its high-energy laser effort, the U.S. laser demonstration, that-the pointing technology is in -
would be retreating -from the high ground of the hand, that a space-based laser could deliver enough
battlefield in space, energy now to neutralize an unhardened ballistic
While Sen. Wallop's criticism of the management missile warhead.
of the.laser research program is directed at Cooper's Industry, which has conflicting interests in compet-
approach, Wallop's objections go farther. As consti- ing technologies, has backed off asserting its technical -
tuted now,. space laser program funding is divided capacity in the laser. weapons field, Sen. Wallop
among the - Defense Advanced Research Projects contends, bowing to-the demands of the Defense Dept.
Agency and the Army, Navy and Air Force. There is customer not to upset the budget applecart. Industry's
no program office for a technology that could revolu- position i:. not crossing its only customer is under-
tionize strategic warfare if it works. A legislatively - standable. but not in-the best interests of the nation if, mandated creation of a program office by the Senate in fact, the technology is near at hand.
last year-a highly unusual statutory intrusion into There is no intention here to adjudicate whether the
program management-was wiped out by the House. technology is mature enough in the arcane world of
That leaves space lasers as an individual laboratory high-energy lasers to warrant an accelerated orbital
effort looking at pieces of the technology rather than ' demonstration ' program or whether long-'or short-
an integrated program to find out whether lasers can wave is the way to to. There are merits to both
work as a weapon iii space. t&hnologies_ HoweveF, there is an aura on the part of
Impatience of the pro-laser forces in Congress with the-,-Administration that technology managers are
the pace and management of the space-based laser rhore concerned about their image in standing up to
effort is reflected in the recent General Accounting { make' the case for what will look like a blue-sky
Office report ft13Mvi ki st' F Ie eM6A66611W : copplR p9bab1tfi87R lto o6?&fl(kr l merits of the
existing Defense Advanced Research Projects triad technological case. It is a matter of being preoccupied
program and with Air Force responsibility for space- with the dollar risk of failure rather than the cost of
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A
10
lirz1 1982
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 Approved For Release. 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R000 00060001-2
ON '_F_AGE_
PHILAD PHI A I?iOUIRE?
5 APRIL 1982
ens
.~ ~..;
By~Mlke Feinsilber ~ - "don civic defense spokesmen have leave' the hi
-gh-risk- arees-:`without
" said`liut if there were an imminent
waiting'for orders; l4 percent'would
-presi 'deat threat ?of' nuclear attack, it recom refuse to leave-and 6
WrL~I~
INGCOW-.'Rea-.
percent would
ends that the cities be evacuated
gams ambitious -. civil defense. pro m
have to stay behind to perform esseu=r
because '
:: : s.,_;i.? ._.' Leon is stsll debatirt~ 2;.lizether to "reform the financial institutions." it..
vote,. some decisions previously left to the- a predicts France and Canada will take th.
Fund and the Bank. where countries vote - - 0 wan s to go along : lt,b lead in mobilizing "the latent support for
according to how much money they've paid - ? reform."
in. it regards as hos - The CIA.' in: a concluding. note on:
The issue, is exceptionally important, in-2 .= "prospects; ? reckons' global' negotiations
volving the question of who would-and ?= -tile t0 E~Z712ftGani , crests.' are likely ?..to moderately accelerate'`
should control the strategic' decisions on change within the Banta and the Fluid. it
how .these encies parevi out billions of _~? says the "independent nature of the finan-
hollars a year in- Western development aid 'ernments. A fourth is to boost the Third - cial institutions and the power of weighted-
World's participation in Bank and Fund de-
and balancerof-ofThe Third; ?? = _ _ . voting give the U World is pressing??fbr-a grater. say lUrd i.cistans by changing. the current system - to control the pace of chang The CIA,I
World some donoM te titer brparti~ that ties acountry's-votfna strength to its warns, however, ? that -:`'poll cal and
ego
vilar, ime when
are c somedniiig'the Bari1G nevi - fisnatrcial contribution.. The fifth Is to set up .; .,: noniic incentives- for. Western- Europe and
t
specials World- Bank- affiliate ??ttr'=furtd: Ja an to lend su
Fund are alreadj- too p pport to Third World pro'
&Thl
America's -position-is glean. President- r rd World energy projects. .; .; pis" .mean the U_S.. may have to ac-t?I
Reagae?, at Cancun?last October. made it a.' `.Y ?' Though it hasn't spoken specifically: on: ^?--alone-to ensure autonomy-and- financiai:l
condition of U.S. - Ins atton that global all these Issues, the Reagan- administration discipline of the IMP and the World Bank:'-
talks -respect the Integrity and competence -probably opposes everyone of these goals. = - Can the U.S. muster the will? In a Na-
of the specialized Integrity CIA's re=-Z,?.The CIA, report Includes a chart showing; banal Security Council'discussion paper:ary
port doesn't suggest-the UN has any legal our allies-
with tlthel Third -' the question of how- the ing gloould'. vote o -
power to take over the-International flan- Italy pIe a UN resolution n laun launching global negatiae:
cial institutions. But the CIA raises queia"-r World on each issue. while France and
lions, the warnings voiced by the Cl k are:
lions about whether tlii* indepe tdence of Canada tilt to the South side on every issue . alluded to. Such a resolution, the NSC-s on--
the Bank and the Fluid could be guaran ; but giving developing lands a bigger vote per says. 'will surely involve us in a series-
teed in the political sense, -once global ne-; t' in the Bank and the Fund.- West Germany of situations such as this one in which the`
gotiations got rolling, and suggests, the U.S: - favors. expanding resources, relaxing con U.S. will be under pressure to-'go along or-
is likely to get little. help. frwn its fellow,..:--_ ditionalrty.andsetting up a World Bank en-_ be an obstacle to consensus. However. we
members f the i tole. rianed`woits -ergy ,affiliate, but opposes the special-? )mow how to say no. And we are unlikely-
of
Isolate-America drawing.rights.link and the change in vot ever to?be as isolated on a specific Issue as
Failure o t the
in, strength. Japan and Britain side with on this genera) one."
-
The U.S. ambassador to the L?N dean the-US. on all issues but the World Bank Of course; -President Reagan was con-_'l
Kirkpatrick," who eommissianed the CIA. energy affiliate, which they favor. ? fronted with thi same sort of problem
assessment and submitted it last week to -- Commenting on- their positions, the CIA -when he was debating?whet.!.er to go to the
the National Security Council. apparently.- ; report says France is "philosophically summit meeting - at Canes He didn't
believes it supports her-contention that the - committed to economic reform" of the - really want to enter global negotiations.
U.S. ought to join-.the global. talks. though type proposed by the UN group; Canada but he agreed at, Cancun to enter prelimi-
the CIA itself doesn't appear; on the basis - seeks a "leadership role in negotiated r!? -.nary talks. Now the Till is itching to rink ,
of the memo, to be a partisan in the inter- = . formW-'.: West Germany believes in some re= through the preliminary- talks into global
pal' administrationAdeba*e- A failure bin. orrtf t ? e d 1e
b~li>d~r and the -?U.s_gobal negotiations. Mr~~~i'dR i+' 1~cu"t~ we vo eyes:' rather than]
others have argued, would isolate America barite credentials with the Third World"- s'.ar:d alone. In the end it may not prove SD
from friends in Burope had Japan. as'weil Britain Is skeptical but the other Europe _ `important that the U.S, kno, how to say
S fhb 'M-11 V4:-4A al.- 1...- e.-....1.~ .- ..d ....o r.............1-~.-e k- i}v ....~:.:....n.....a _ . _ _ _ _ _
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A TTCLE APPEARED THE WASHINGTON POST
ON 'PAGE__ 9 December 1981
Technological Race: 'I eehnolog-
ically, the U.S. armed forces have
managed to keep ahead of the Soviet
war machine. But in the _last few
years, the Russians have been catch-
ing up with giant strides. = -- :. '
One' Pentagon report estimates
that the Soviets outspent- us in: re-
-search and development, testing and
evaluation by almost 45. percent, or,
-$75-. billion, in the decade--of the
1970s. "Currently, the estimated an-
nual dollar cost of Soviet- military
RTD&E activities exceed those of-
the United States by approximtely
100 percent," the report warns. - -: '
One area in. which Soviet- scien .
tists have been particularly success..
ful is the development of composite
materials. These are combinations of
chemically. different: materials. ar-
ranged to, obtain properties-the ma
terials do not have separately.: The
whole, in other words, is greater than -
-the sum of its parts.
.....A top-secret top-secret CIA report,.seen- by
my associate Dale Van, Atta, _explains-
`the significance,. : of. this seemingly.
unexciting technological-advance.
-"The U.S.S.R, has madC major
strides in the-use of advanced. forms
of composite materials in such-
weap-ons as offensive, and defensive-mis-
siles; aircraft and tanks," the CIA-
reports. "Composites cut weights and
costs, provide protection against ra-
diation and high temperatures, and
reduce the .effects: of vibration. and
fatiogue." _ ............. _,:
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137
ARTICLE APPEARED
PACE 3
ON
NEWSWEEK
19 October 1981
Uniting Against Libya
Anwar Sadat'slastjoint venture with the United States was an
ambitious new strategy for dealing with Libya's Col. Muammar
Kaddafi. Administration strategists have begun intensive plan-
ning with Egypt for a combined response to a Libyan attack on
the Sudan or other Soviet-backed aggression in North Africa.
The two countries will soon form a joint military commission to
help plan such operations-including a possible Egyptian inva-
sion of Libya, though Egypt's military isn't ready to take on
Kaddafi yet. The Administration has already decided to acceler-
ate deliveries of weapons, probably including Redeye anti-
aircraft missiles to Sudanese President Jaafar Nimeiry. Says one
Reagan strategist: "We don't necessarily want to kill Kaddafi;
we just want to tie him up."
The Carter Administration discouraged such thinking by the
Egyptians, but the Reagan team reversed American policy and
began talks with the Egyptians early this year after Sadat
suggested an invasion of Libya to
counter Kaddafi's expansionism.
Although there is no evidence
linking Kaddafi to Sadat's assassi-
nation, the murder has given the
project new momentum. A still-
secret CIA report has identified as
many as sixteen terrorist training
camps for foreigners i-n--fibya.
other assassination p"
Ti 107 d _Z--s
ambassador to Egyp'
international terrorise
Air Force Base in Lit
across the desert and c
gotten wind ofthe plot
the two assassins close
a message warning him to call off the scheme. Kaddafi. responded
by quoting a verse from the Koran challenging. Carter to supply
evidence to back up his charge. When Carter did so-in detail-
Kaddafi exploded, but the plan was called off. One would-be
assassin was captured; the other escaped.
Bxlght Star: The United States and Egypt will test some of
their contingency plans next month in a joint military exercise
called Operation Bright Star. Although details have not been
decided, U.S. strategists are considering an airlift of Egyptian
troops to the Sudan under the cover of AWACS aircraft and-also
the dispatch of a small detachment from the Rapid Deployment
- Force to join the maneuvers. In
Kaddafi with YasirArafat: A threat too-long ignored?
Kaddafi reacted to the downing of
two Libyan jets over the Gulf of
Sidra last August by ordering the
-assassination of the U.S. ambassa-
dor to Italy, Maxwell Rabb, 71,
who is Jewish and a friend ofPresi-
dent Reagan--a plot that was
aborted when Italian police de-
ported ten suspected Libyan, hit
men. Washington officials now
.believe Kaddafi has called off the
assassination attempt, but they are
not entirely certain. After the Gulf
of Sidra confrontation ITSint`el-
gene also picked up evidence
a a a a atcne[~yet aK-
response to an attack on the Sudan
or other Libyan provocations, the
U.S. Sixth Fleet could be sent back
into the. Gulf of Sidra to distract
Kaddafi's air force and pose prob-
lems for Soviet supply ships and oil
tankers carrying oil out of Libya.
"Those two jets were a sample,"
says a U.S. official. "We are willing
to go to the legal limits." The main
obstacles to the plans are the sorry
state of Egypt's military and the
now uncertain state of its politics.
Egypt has 367,000 men. under
arms compared, with Libya's
53,000, but Libya has 2,700 tanks
and 500 top-fl.ightaircraft, accord-
ing to an Egyptian military atta-
che. "Every plan is ready," he
says. "But believe me, we need
equipment to fulfill our plans. We
are in a hurry=any delay will be
dangerous.
NI ICHAEL REESE with JOHN WALCOTr
in Washington and bureau reports
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R00
1 Y Gig. APPEA R
ON PAGE 1" THE WASHINGTON POST
4 October 1981
Jack Anderson
- Humana eonsiderationac`are"second:,;.
a'r-y in the Soviet plans fora iniclear
war-,The most important goal-is th-pro-'.;
vide?a command center.for the'nataon's
A chilling new attitude toward nu.-
me ear iyaifai~e bE+corne pepti*
in both Washington and Moscow. The
Russians .are bolstering: their civil de-
lenses. Secret intelligence reports wain
that Kremlin leaders believe the Soviet
Union?can now withstand a nuclear at-
tack. American and Soviet-strategistm
alike have suggestecl??that:huclear
o4ce,-unthinkable, is nou-poSsible.' -..' w
Vice President George ,Bush, .wbio
glibly' declared last year. that a_nuclear:
war was "winnable,"'has his counter
parts in the?Kremlin:?0rie.oftherrr:uii=
fortunately, is the Sai+fet=civil-defense
chief, .arid deputy_.- defense-,nrinistei
Gen. AT.Atunirt..;:. _ -
fie has written -that adegirste prea jl
ration for nuclearst;rvr'val."has become,
without a dou'ot, one of the decisive tae
tors ensuring the'ability`of the`stateta'
function iii Arvartinie aiid in the:
= analysis; the-attainrrierit'af'vittory"
A secret: report ?ari.Sovietsciviliae~.
tense by the'Arms:C.aritrol_arrd,Djsar:
mament?Agency,meenwhile, spell4.out
the., difference--between tie,,. Russians'.
preparations for a nucfe;3r holocau t`
and our own: = ;.
"%Vhitesiiiiifar>olJS'po
era}: purpose; Soviet-civil': defense:
:ganization ands:objectives;'differ, irr es?
sential respects,'.,. the-reportcone}udesr;
..The. primary. differenca-is, that;ita:ttie,
Soviet Union, Civil defense iy urde> the
military; in the United
~tatea;theFed= t
--era} `Erne gency .'Managetitent . Ageticyr l
is not part?of the Defense Depeitrrsein
The- .Russians'-;civilaeferrse^; force;;
consists-of 117,000
.persoimely=at;lea -
_ 40,004 of whorn?are railitaiy..ln tiure,ol~
war,.they :all. report pia:. the.. tmllitaiy,
leader in their
leadership- and promote. swift-recovery
.. to come out.on'top-in a postwar world.
In. Soviet ..civil defense: doctrine."
the report explains, '`the reduction, of'
fatalities from a large, scale"nuclear ex=
change vies in importance: with. omit
tenancy of a??mobil izatioit:base. fot the
,:conduct,.:of. conventional or low-level
-nuclear .conflict:-. The, availability.. of
shelters for essentiai..workers. near:key
factories indicates "the Soviets would
expect military production to continue
during hostilities to support operations
by the armed forces." ? " "
Sit there is -one thing ' we should
make sure the Soviets understand: No
matter how extensive- a system, of city
-bomb shelters.they build, at?least-one ?a
fourth of the nation's population would
probably be killed in the first minutes
of a nuclear-war. That's about 70 iiiif
lion people. ? s
:The only'.thing=thancould signifi.1
cantly reduce the number of irnmedi. I
ate deaths,- the??ACDA-. report. :saysjis-mass evacuation: of Soviet.,cities:; As
sum ing "effective evacuation of 80-pert `
cent of urban inhabitants,", the"ire
'mediate blast fatalities'rrlghE be fiat irr.
half But the '-report 'add sr `'Althoogli
effective 'evacuation could. halve s'hone' -
term casualties, the Soviete-would still?;i
suffer in excess. of-50-million dead and
injured- resulting-..
from mmediate'.
weapon' effeetit-..If , all U.S.;:weapops
were groundburst -to' maximize .fatal-"j
itie,, an"-a'dditional 15 million.: shorti,;
term casualties-would occur.'' +~;
"The longer terra effects...of`:rriicleaf^7
war on they survivors'cannot. be-;easiIy-i
estimated,". the.repart rote "[lndoul>t=
Y, shortages of;tocii;and medical at-
tention 'and " disruption ' of: pioductiori
and 'dietrib ution. wouId'furtlieir iistrrase a
losses and haniverrecovei7-effotts:"
The`niost frighiening--s+ tiorr of`the:j
report, which was reviewed. by my aj
'sociate- Dale Van:Atta;, describes the'.:j
steps taken by the Soviet hierarchy for-
self-preservation.
"A key aspect of the Soviet civil de-o
fence pro$rani:is: the provision of site}
ters. for; virtually- the whole of the civil
and military leadership straturrr+' says-
the-secret report,,,';The Seyi t:"1lnior?-
po ceases on the .;Prd'er. gf.154) leader-
:carp protection. facilitieswh cn coin cc=
commodate' 11000 people: More. najr4
-exist which have-not beerr-16e6
ted?arad~
01151 Un1t~e11?eaiu!iRlSyAdle fe lri~~ .-_
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R1
ARTICLE A.FPEARE
r'"
ON PAGE_
NEW YORK TES
7 SEPT ?`BER 1981
r Several of the Western diplomats
L ALA VV OUTPUTUP.i~_ ~ddIit I sympathized with the Government's
problems in the tribal area, where most
of the nearly two million refugees from
A Ahre a have
ast tracts nthis region
eere are?vSt trdCS in this re
IN PAKISTANI ARET
where Pakistani law does not extend.
Tribal law d
a
i
t
d th
I
l
-
om
na
es an
e
s
am
, bad Government is represented by a
Some Aides Reportedly Refu political agent_,
Some of- the dominant clans are. be-
lieved to be, involved in the drug busi-
to Crack Down! on Producers; ness, and a? Pakistani law enforcement
Along the Afghan Border
ByMICHAEI,T.KAUFN1AN:- .
Specie] t,TheNewYorkTirn
KARACHI, Pakistan, Sept. 2 - - West-
ern diplomats and law enforcement
agents in Pakistan say that some of this
agent acknowledged that any attempt to
smash the trade-in the region could have
severeconsequences..
Attempts to Curb Exports
Some -Western diplomats say that in
general -the Pakistani Government has
tried conscientiously to curb narcotics
exports. They point out that under
The efforts to stem the drag flow have
centered largely on movements outside
the tribal belt. Customs agents have,
confiscated trucks carrying large
amounts of hashish and smaller
amounts of opium.
Many of the supplies are reportedly
brought by camel caravan into Balu-
chistan: Some drugs are transported
from there to Teheran, which, accord-
ing to narcotics experts, has' more ad-
dicts than New York. Other shipments
go by dhows to Karachi, where they are
reloaded on ocean-going vessels head-
-ing for Europe or the United States.
Recent reports in the United States
have mentioned Pakistan International
Airlines as a preferred airline for drug
traffickers. When one of its jetliners was
hijacked to Syria in March, law enforce-
ment officials said they were able to
identify four known drug traffickers
among the hostages.
"But that's not unusual," a foreign in-
vestigator said. "Up to a couple of
weeks ago I'd bet there must have been
a couple of couriers on every plane out of
Peshawar."
What has changed, he e.}splained, is.'
that the military has raided the nationdl
airline, taking over key security tasks
from dozens of officials who have. been
dismissed. .
The Government said the raids were
intended to improve the efficiency of the
airline, end union squabbling and stamp
out corruption. Western diplomats said
country's officials.are refusing?to crack President Mohammad Zia ul-Hag's re-,
doom on illegal laboratories-producing { gime the planting of poppies has been
heroin. virtually outlawed, with almost no Ii-
The bulk of the rising production, the censesgranted for legal harvesting. .
foreign sources say, comes from ram- In three years the annual opium crop
shackle labs that have sprouted in the has dropped from 700 metric tons in 1979
so-called tribal belt along the tensebor- to La metric tons in 1980 and a similar
der with Afghanistan. ` amount projected for this year. This is
One Western drug expert says there. still a huge amount, since it is estimated
are about 20 such labs that can each that 150 metric tons will feed the habits
produce up to 50 pounds of pure heroin a of all the world's addicts for a year. =
month. He said he had pinpointed two Other Western officials in Pakistan,
such plants to Pakistani narcotics including State Department agricul- !
agents, who told him that they were tural specialists, believe that Pakistan's,'
powerless to move in the region, Which performance has been haphazard_ .
has been made more sensitive by the ar- "Even if you concede that the Govern-
rival of Afghan refugees and the fight- ment can't do much in the tribal areas
ing west of the Khyber Pass. ?
While aware of Pakistan's security
problems, the Western sources say the
lax controls, together with enormous
profits, have now induced local people to
produce heroin for export to the United
States and Europe rather than send raw
opium or morphine to Europe, where
processors would reap most of the profit
p
a
ne
t
at
Pakistan N
i
vation for the illicit market- has grown 4VU Plans ns are areau uilV wn up o new
steadily, but the officials monitoring the 'i being drawn up for new pro-
gram f d
s to stem the +1
duction marks a substantive' and omi-
nouschange,
`Independent Free-lancers' :. ..
"Mostly it's'a lot of independent free-
lancers involved," said a law enforce.
ment official who monitors the, illicit
flow. "Some have brought in European
chemists, but refining- poppy down to.
morphine and then down to injectible
heroin No. 2 is something that any high
school kid could do from written instruc-
tions." . . - - . ___1
there is still a lot of poppies being?grown the thou t that anot er factorwas t e
in places like Dir and Lower Swat, ub ication in the rot tates an
where the Government is fully in con- In ha oz arthc es ch tno entry me i
ence enc r t soh a t-
troy" said Sam Samuelson, a United star Internationa r roes em
States diplomat who specializes, in the p oyees
problems of drug production in Paki- een ee tnv---
in ransport-
S.
Stan,-- . . ii . I One Pakistani official, who, like the
foreigners, aski.d not to identified, com-
l
the
i
d
h
t
cs
ow o rugs.. The
emphasis. is on agricultural extension
services aimed at showing farmers that
they can earn almost as much money by
rotating crops as they can by growing
poppies, with none of the same risks.
Some experts question that logic, say-
ing that poppy cultivation now brings
farmers 10 times as much as the liext
most profitable crop. The risks, they
say, are minimal, since there are no re-
ports of the Government's burning
fields or plowing them over. - ? .
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE
THE WASHINGTON POST
6 September 1981
s s
omei i
Western intelligence- agencies have
Jack Anderson
Watching
mounted n-. death watch on' Ayatollah
Khomeini,- the 91-year-old Iranian
mullah who is known to- be in fragile
health, Politically; however; Khomeini
is as strong as an ox'= , : `:; -: -
Three years ago Khomeini drew the'
attention-of Western intelligence by ar-
riving in Paris with'his-son Ahmed and
two Muslim -clergymen. French se-
curity ? - agents tracked&`the' ayatollah
from: the minute=his plane touched
down- on Oct 6,: 1978; and obligingly
gave the-CIA- a copy of their report on
his activities during his first month in
France:
My reporters` Eiileen-O'Connor-and
Dale Van Atta have, studied a secret
CIA report based 'on- information the
agency got_ from, French intelligence.
The very fact that French intelligence
devoted so much time and effort to an
assessment of - Khomeini should have
been a clue to his potential importance; 1
But-the CIA misread the French infor-
mation and concluded that Khomeini
was. merely the puppet of. forces be-
yond his control
The CIA summary of the French ref
port notes that when, Khomeini arrived
in Paris, he,-"was welcomed by two
well-known Iranian activists of the so-
called `Marxist-Islamic' group. who are
also affiliated-,with-the :'Iranian. Na-
tional Front." It continues:---
"The: French : police have '. long
records on these two-Abdel . Hassan
Banisad~ (age 45) and Sadegh Ghotb-_
zadeh (age 40). They have- been m -t-a
volved in an assassination attempt of a
SAVAK [Iranian intelligence] ,officer,
maintain close- ties with pro-Soviet
Palestinians and have direct organize-
tional links with the Libyans and other .
BaniSadr and. Ghotbzadeh, who
were to be leading figures in-Khomei-.--,
ni's revolutionary regime just a few
months later, "are the men who have
been handling contacts, with Khomei
ni," the CIA's Paris office explained to
Washington, adding that "French in-
telligence has kept a file on his con-
ta"cts."..
"The ayatollah was. informed upon-
arrival in Paris, according to a message
from President Giscard to the Iranian -
ambassador, that 'his visit to France is
considered touristic his stay is provi--.
sional, and during his stay he must ab-
stain..from all political activity,!" the
.CIA report notes.-:- '
If the French were taking Khomeini:
.seriously, the shah was not. "The ini-=
tial . official Iranian reaction to - this-,
French. intent t& ? restrain Khomeini:,.
was that. Tehran was not requesting:
that Khomeini be muzzled," the CIA in:.
Paris -informed Washington,- adding;,,
"In fact, the Iranians specifically asked =
the French. not to restrain Khomeini.
Subsequently, however, there was a' di
rect request from the shah to Giscard=-
to stop the flow of vitriolic anti-Iranian
propaganda from the ayatollah"..
There was no hint that the shah ap-.
preciated the mortal danger Khomeini-
posed to his throne. It was characteris-
tic of the shah-and his CIA buddie -.
that Khomeini's. anti-shah pronounce-.
ments were called .:"anti-Iranian.". As,;
events would soon show, the ayatollah)
was more in tune with the Iranian peo--.1
pie than the shah was .: _
The CIA report finally shows a faint
glimmer of understanding:' Regardless
-of his own basic motivatigns,, Khomei
pi's influence is destructive and nasal-
bly the most dangerous currently being;
employed against the shall:'.' ::_=
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- r TICLE APPEO'D
ON PAGE
city to initiate militarily large-scalel Hemispheres of the sun';
By WALTER SULLIVAN reverses with
migrations of their people." each cycle. Hence, the sun returns to its
Despite widespread hardships caused Today, however, most climate spe-` magnetic starting point every 22 years.
by recent cialists feel the predictions were far took Major droughts overthelast four cen-
clits,mate and chandespiteges, predic there -
tions of radical dire. They note that the 1976-i7 drought, ~es seem to have kept pace with the
is growing evidence that the climate of
an the West Coast should have been an- irregular?tempo of the sun's Hale cycle,
the United States bas been relatively
ticipated from. a 22-year cycle evident in rather than rigidly following a 22 year
s table for the last four centuries.
the growth rings in trees west of the Mis. rhythm. Furthermore, said Dr. Mitch-
This evidence is seen by many clime-.=
sissippi River. Among those who have ell wl?en the c
ti .
cle pf col
a m
N DI YORK TIMES
11 AUGUST 1981
ugn. ,
.Il a e Cy des=S.ut . i Eton to ' Curb ~
causes of climate change,
ow;
t w
l
The relativecwidths of-annual growth. "
vary in the-future and what miight be-
rings, they say, show that the area west jF acus on Cloud Seedling
done to cope with drought. While many
of the Mississippi affected by summer While droughts are not yet reliably-'.;
believe no drastic change is imminent,
drought has been swelling and shrinking predictable, a major effort is under way
theae.ismuch disagreement over what
in a-cycle of roughly 22 years that is in Montana to learn how to mitigate
is ikein the next century and beyond...
traceable through four centuries. F their effects- by prducing. rain through
' ?erbaps the mostmistic recent
Link to Sunspots Studied cloud seeding. A' -dozen aircraft and
ctirnate prediction was ma a in 1974 in a ?
`These droughts, Dr_';Mitehell said rem numerous` ground 'stations are being
secre report circulated in the en[
r cently, have faithfully kept in step with - used to learn how and where clouds, in.
te ice Agency- a report said the f.
the so-called Hale cycle: of the sun. But their evolution. are most vulnerable to
world was returning to e cu-male that
the cycle . has only limited predictive, such manipulation: - {?
exist over the ears oe ore ,
an -era o drought, amine and pa tit
value.
'_, 'Despite the relative stability in pre-
ernwo
______________________ w in e As pointed out by=Dr. Mitchell, it capitation over the last few hundred
"prejudices the timing of droughts in years, there is evidence of small cli-
W SystemSoegbc.:; .--. ".
the west but does not exert absolute con- matic. fluctuations over periods of dec-
It said the agency should develop-the
trol. In fact, droughts occur at other ades. A warming.trend initiated in the -
ability .o forewarn us of the economic times. - I last century, at least in the Northern
o
searG
ra pry ree
e
o
n g . a tery."
ing to.better understand the history and
theuniversityofArizona.
=?'
h
i
il
y
c
ar
y
tologists as an indication that no great-
come to believe in the stability . of that was
I most marked, as in, the 18th and 19th
chsngeislikelyinthenearfuture.r
cycle are Dr. J. Murray Mitchell Jr., clicenturies, droughts were-likely to be
But within those normal limits there
mate specialist .,-with the National most severe. How magnetic changes on
is inevitable draught. Because agricul-
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- the sun might affect weather on the
true has become so vulnerable to severe
tion, and Dr. Charles W. Stockton of the: Iwarth, he said, remains "the big mys- r
d_y spells, scientists are urgently seek- T
Ri
t
f Re
b t
L
b
4 tion." Furthermore, it added that it was - -- ' u m
ga
--_- 1 their maximum. The magn
he length of ?Hemisphere, gave way in the 1940's to a
tic polarityj` There is no agreement as to the causes
Southeirilofthese variations:'._
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R0001000
THE ::lS__Z POST
2 "u-Io 1981.
Prc ddent Reogan's- determination : to
bo ,ter world resistance to Soviet colonial
?: ism and to crack down =. on .the interria-
z tional thug trade, two seemingly unrelated:
goals, have come into collision in Pakistan::'
..The president wants to send:. billions
=of-dollars worth of military. equij r eat'
Ito Pakisten;.whose natiorial:airline,'al;
legedly is .a:conduit for` z~iircotiesi.In
.deed, the State Departisierit`tlpparently`,
has known for seven yearb that Peikisttrn
Lnternatior al Airlines is4useil y Smug
glers to transport drugs.; = ` " .-i~''
"Available infoirnatroninclicat2~'that
PIA is a major conduit for illicit 0- ascot-
ics from Pakistan to Westein_Eiirope,,
-the Far cast, Canada and 'he;1Unitzil,';
States, wairis one ; of?eeveralserir?
documents examined ;,y: my=associates::
Jack Mitchell rind Indy Ilsdhwnr :'. ~; }
The drugs "are smuggled nbo~i'd;P7:~=;':
planes" and are "bidden In logs- ige And;
various cn-npartment.4 inside. thb air
craft," one retort state6.'.'
In the phst, the CIA relates, "creiv 1iig
gage (was) not marked as"belonging to=iiy
specific crew member, so if the bag,con-'
taining narcotics sb6tdd be discoveredJi.
-cannot be sourced to any one individuril.'-'.
The' dope "triifficis: ho penny-ants.!
operation, CIA documents make _clea6d
,Amounts smuggled out of Pakistan have.
ranged fromsthal} packets of opium :to
-one'.incredible-'load.jof' 1,700 kilos k'
nearly twit tons-of hashish.
Pakistan: bas become . the drug mug
sglirg.capital of Asia; tiiicl, the Itnraclu air-'
port is th9 tenter; with international ilights~
leaving eveiy,:clay. Asa result, "nariotipl
rietworirN organized by major international;)
t:afJkkers,_ have become inc{easingly a
five,.. dccording t4 one CIA report.':.. =_o _'-
-- i hare`. are reports ; that suspietous
Yiooking.: eorittiiners have been sscretedi
nbo'erd PIA p64.' FSr exanipl i;,I have;
tearnM 11161; cartons tnarked "eterev`;
equipment ::had : heayrt . hidden`:`ab6Va
~irlinar galleys, t i f
The suspicious'packages:v{ere_"in a
critical section'_ of the fuselage :.With ;
. risked wires . that. ;could:; have cpused
shorts,and.- fires,".. inspectors*_reparted.'
_The'Pa_kistonis_bad.ASkdd the- airplane
1maker to give PIA'written assurance
thatxsuch irregularstorage:was in:fact
-toutine and permissible, =Ruts.?aiirceis-
familiar:ith the;excIiangti.said the r'a~
t,._., .
quest was turned clavtri by the inanufac"
orei oh grounds that the etoiragei sis
viola'ion of safety rules''> _` ' % ' '~_
e,-n,
. --- - 4, ..
'-,'AIn 'a n'-eetiutg.ivltli;Stato . De p Mt ii,
JoIficials, PIA?r cpreser5tativesisaid there
was ' tittle' chanca to . incarcerate or . re-
move from aervice;tlic$e PIA.p rsonnel
' involved: in drug traflickir+g"_ becaus .0
they ]cmiriely 'e:cplaitied,3the`~cistplbyees
have a powerful untoni fi r { ._,= '
74blow high up., the atimvggIin$~..extencls ;1.9
not-docimmented.-'Bul:,saveral S;eats.a$o.,ri
PIA security: oll?ci .himself.,i~ras: erreat L
'iii Frankftirt on clia of drug sit1vgglmng= i
_`~ Maybe the, gene als'1im ;.Pakistan'sf;
'mdt6r7 dictatorstpre unable to:-halt,
ytlie deadly trafitc. iri.di ugs, maybe they,
dott'twant to; In either .case;:thamr,Iaili
:are to do sa is hardly a?xecommeridation;
for supplying them with military
;r Yet,' the Reagan ..administration
..going, head with the proposed aid pack!
age, which is' to - include.-some=of our_i
hmsticated `fighter; jmlanes' A ?1
m~t'sop.
'paj- ntly; ,the' .decision'has ;been :h?ade
:.that it Is morairiipor lint to cultivate ai'i
'i_iilly than,to make air issue of drugs :+ r ?
Critics,''.meanwhila,R:have quei;tibried
awls am dof putting the United Statgs~
yet another' repressive,
dietato6hlp _ Dipl6reat c:: and : intell--~
tgerice_sources paper washed that for..alil
x,.
its nppaieirtty tight control, the'rriilitan
i regime.,is'In 'serious .danger .of tbpp g
froth internal pressures. Far. from; being
' ? ? warn} Presi
stabZleta'a? lly;~t?ktiuesreneorultta;c-stb
be! 9ttother
`Shah ot Iran:
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ARTICLE x'A FLAa~s. THE WASHINGTON POST
ON PAGE .14 June 1981
News that Israeli airplanes had destroyed,.
an Iraqi nuclear- reactor was preceded several
hours by news of a.train wreck in India in
which- it was feared a thousand people had
cued. Unrelated, incidents,.::. to be. sure
e :cept they are, and terribly-so..
Monday morning, before details about the.
Israeli raid were released, it struck ine that I
had read nothing in The Post. about- the-
train wreck reported on. Sunday night's late
TV news. On closer examination I found a
one-column headline back on Page' All in
the midst of foreign news items, "Indians Die
on Train Blown in River." A gale, or, cyclone,
had blown the train off a bridge into the
swollen Bagmati River. The wreck: was said
to be the "biggest and worst in living. mem-
ory,, i
The following day brought a smaller item
buried on the last page of the first section.
As many as` 3,000 might hay; died in the
wreck, it was reported- Nothing more on the
disaster appeared until Thursday. This time,
even briefer and farther inside, frogmen were
reported as still scouring the river bottom for
bodies from the train wreck - now de-
scribed as "believed to be the worst in his-
tory."
Something more profound than an exam-
ple of relative news values between train
wrecks in Ladia and air raids in the Middle
Fast birds these two incidents together. The -
dimensions of such human catastrophe are
too horrible to contemplate and so we
don't. The . staggering loss of life in one be-
comes so large as to be incomprehensible and
therefore virtually nonexistent; we brush it'
aside as if it hadn't happened. The potential'
loss- of life in the other looms ~o enormously
that we cannot deal with the scope of such a
calamity;-we put it out of mind and go about
our business, just as we have been doing for
the last- 36 years of the atomic age.. . .. .
car - ,...
Herbert Scoville Jr. was, as he'said, frank-
ly gloomy. He was musing aloud about the
spread of nuclear weapons, the dangerous in-
ternational tensions again rising, the Ameri-
can plans to increase military spending dra-
matically, the new strategic talk in Washing-.
ton about the winability of "limited" nuclear
wars, the lack of any real c~Cd
control in the country......-
"Somehow the public doesn't seem able to:
grasp the significance of it as an issue," he:
said. `They read these numbers - 50 million
will- be killed in an atomic attack, whole
cities wiped out - and its nothing they can
conceive of. It has no meaning in their day-
to-day ; lives. If an . 'airplane crashes and 75
people rare burned up, that's a disaster which
everybody can visualize. They can picture
themselves being in the airplane. But a nu-
clear 'war that destroys our society - that
tends to be just numbers. It''s too depressing
and they don't see what they can do about it
anyway."
Scoville, brings more than casual knowl-
`edge to.the subject of atomic weapons and
nuclear proliferation. He has been intimately
involved in - the development of America's
'nuclear arsenal, and with efforts to bring it
under control. As a physicist, he worked with
the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, direc-
ted the Defense Department's weapons test
program from the late 1940s into the mid-
1950s, headed the scientific section of the
"You can`t ' stop this indefinitely 'by force. i
You can't just go around bombing all over
the place. The use of force, is not the way to
deal with it. But having said that, I don't
think we've dealt with it very well either }
...There's never been any real halt to the !
nuclear weapons program. It continues to.
increase - and not only in numbers. Vihat `l
worries me more. than numbers are the tech-
nologies being acquired. We are, developing
smaller, more accurate, more easily deliver-
able nuclear weapons systems, therefore ones
that it are essentially first-strike weapons.
`These are technologies that, in five years and
extending onZinto-the future, are going to
make it more- likely,. and more desirable, for
these weapons to be used. -That is the real
danger."
.
Two years ago, the CIA and Defense De- }
partment brought 'together a group of experts !
and asked them to think what the world of
the 1990s would be like as nuclear weapons!
CIA arid was the arencv s deuutv_ULCector for. with certain baste assumptions:
research until named by President Kennedy The: 19806:1ikely-.would be "a trying de-
as .assistant director of the U.S. Arms Con-
trbl and Disarmament Agency. In.. recent
years` - he. has been' active in the nongovern
mental Arms Control Association.
- - Along with everyone else, he has been re-
flecting on the implications of last week's Is-
raeli strike. "There's no question in my mind
the Iraqis were, trying to build up the capa-
bility of having a nuclear- weapon," he says,
and obviously that's a terrible .thing. We
should do everything we can to stop it. But
that's not the way to do it.,That's just mad
Hess. If. anything, it's going to make matters
much worse. Here :are the. Israelis, whose
hands certainly aren't clean in this particular
area. Everything I. know makes me believe
they have nuclear weapons of their own. And
to sit there and say we have the right to de-
eleds>egIl>~R3ristl~IBti~~!b1~1
is potentially a weapons installation is just
asking for retaliation back. It's- also going, to
cade for the ,United States." The world en-
ergy- situation would become more critical.
Rising population : worldwide would place
greater pressures on available food supplies.)
Gaps between rich-'and poor. nations, indus
trial and non -industrial; would. widen. Ter-`
rorism 'would intensify and. spread. And de-
spite the best efforts of the United States
and other nations,...the '. trend toward the
spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear tech-
nology would gain momentum.
In that context,-anywhere from 12 to 24
countries would possess nuclear weapons by
the 1990s, and a large number of nuclear re:- t
actors would be operating on all continents.
At least 50 nations would have the capacity;
to develop nuclear weapons. As one of the
participants in that forum concluded: _ i
"Fhe chances that nuclear weapons will be 10
fired in anger or accidentally exploded in a'
0010006000
 Approved For. Release 2006/01/03: CIA-RDP90-01137R
3 NATIUS N1DEN!NC
NUCLEAR 60YjArITQ
Some U.S. Aides Feel South Africa,
Israel and Taiwan Are Helping
Each Other Gain Atom Arms
By JUDITH MILLER
S,edalyTheNedYorkT1n, , .:. -
WASHL'~FGTON, June z7 - An expand-
ing pattern of nuclear contacts between
Israel, Taiwan and.. South Africa has
opened a debate within the Administra-
tion over whether the three nations are
assisting each other in the development
of atomic weaponry-
Some intelligence and State Depart--
m ent officials who monitor the flow of mi-
clear technology and information are-
convinced that the three countries consti-
tute the major players in an emerging
club of politically isolated ,iations whose
purpose is to -help- each other acauire-
atomic bombs= These nations have been
forced to rely on each other for military
and intelligence contacts, the officials
said, as each has become progressively
more estranged in the world community,
These officials and private experts ex-
pressed concern that Israel might in-
crease such covert contacts if its diplo-
matic isolation grows as a result of the at-
tack made by Israeli planes two weeks
ago on an Iraqi nuclearreactor.
Other officials within these agencies,
however, do not believe that such a net-
work is emerging, and discount the threat
it might pose to efforts to limit the spread
of nuclear weapons- While they acknowl-
edge that there seems to be an increasing
exchange of nuclear technology and ma-
terials among the three, they are skepti
cal that the cooperation is aimed at devel-
oping nuclear weapons and effective
delivery systems.
A'TriangularRelationship' .: '
But several officials who have most.
closely followed the growth of what one
termed -the "triangular relationship''-
among Taiwan, Israel and South Africa
on nuclear matters are disturbed by
these developments: . -
9Israel is said by intelligence officials
to be assisting. Taiwan in developing a
rocket that could be ue'ed to deliver.
atomic warheads_
Slntelligence officials report'that Is-
raeli scientists are working in South Af-
rica on nuclear energy programs that
could assist the Government there to ac-
quire the technological expertise to build
nuclear weapon.. ..;-
NEW YORK TIMES
28 JUNE 1981
gScientists from Taiwan are said to be i the
working for South Africa on projects that I Age
would enable the South Africans to
produce weapons-grade uranium,. .
JSouth Africa has become a supplier of
uranium to both Israel and Taiwan, in ex-
change, intelligence officials said, for
critically important - technology and
training that the Pretoria Government is
said- to be receiving from both countries.
Last year Taiwan signed a six-year con-
tract to obtain 4,000 tons of uranium from
South Africa, according to these officials.
Contacts Cited In U.S. Study
These contacts are cited in a-1979 study
prepared for the Defense Intelligence
Agency and released last year.. The re-
port concludes that South Africa has "en-
hanced international opportunities in the
nuclear field from the emerging 'pariah
state network.' " The term "pariah" is
used in nuclear circles to refer to the dip-
lomatically isolated nations: -
Officials aisa-report growing nuclear
ties among other would-be 'atomic
powers, such as. Argentina, Brazil and
Iraq. Intelliger.ce aides say, for example,
that Brazil recently agreed to provide
Iraq with sensitive nuclear Dower tech-
nology obtained- from West Germany in
exchange for' guaranteed supplies of
Iraqi oil. . --
American intelligence officials con-
cluded as early-as 1974 that Israel had
produced nuclear weapons in a program
centered at Dimona, with a French-built-
reactor and uranium supplied "partly by
clandestine means," according to a Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency report made
public in January 1978.
. This month, C-I.A. analysts told mem-
bers of the House: Foreign Affairs .Com-
mittee in a secret session,' according to
one Congressional source, that Israel was
now believed. to possess 10 to 20 nuclear
weapons that could be delivered either by
fighter-bombers or Israel's domestically
designed and built Jericho missile.
Moshe Dayan , former Defense and For-
eign Minister of Israel, said this week
that while Israel did not have any bombs
now, "we have the capacity," and could
manufacture weapons "in a short time."
Intensive Pattarn of Exchanges
poteurra4 ~mtra-LoxMr, 111er~n Der or MW7 d-I
ministration's ; transition team at the i
State Department.
Each nation fears that its security and
its very existence is threatened: Israel,
by hostile Arab states; South Africa by a .
reaction to its system of racial separa-
tion, and Taiwan. by the Communist re-
gime on the mainland.: ?
Analysts point to other linkages- The`
large Jewish population South Africa pro- -
motes that country's ties with Israel. Mr.,
Adelman notes that South Africa's 120,000
-Jews donate more per capita to Israel
than any other Jewish group outside Is-
rael and are second in total contributions
only to American Jews.:
United Staten officials have pressed
each of the three, to curb questionable nu-
clear activities, with some success- When
the Ford Administration learned, for ex- I
ample, that Taiwan was covertly en-
gaged in the construction of a nuclear re-
processing plant that could. have
produced weapons-grade plutonium.
Washington eventually persuaded Taipei
to shut down the program..
Nuclear cooperation is only part of an
intensive pattern of exchanges of conven-
tional military and economic ties among
Israel,. Taiwan- and South Africa, which,
officials say, complicate intelligence or-.
ganizations' efforts to monitor the con-
tacts.
The contacts ' ref i ect the three - coun-
tries' perception_that their political isola-
tion is increasing. They feel that they are
estranged from the Western democra-
cies, attacked by the Communist coonj
tries and "yet barred from the third
world," observed Kenneth L. Adelman,
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137
ARTICLE APPE/LLEED
fl PAGE 1
:f~Ic:r'andeir-==-i
Cockburn-
&;aanes,
RZ(~geZGay _=
__ ~VASHTNGTON; D.C.On May 1 of
this year,- :Secretary of -Defense Caspar.
wei nb-ergen was-- asked on'--Meet `te.'
Press" for t ae Reagan administration's xa=
-tionale`for selling :the =highly-'advanced
AWACS radar, planes`to Saudi 'Arabia,-
% over the passionate' objections-Tof-the Ts--
raelis and their supporters in-the-United
-States.
Weinberger, himself deeply committed
to the sale; replied: "jTheAWACS's] prin-
cipal use, and the principal reason the
administration is 'supporting . the -sale to
the Saudis, is that it would enable them to
oversee and look much further into the
-irw'tsion:. routes of Iran and Iraq and' Af
ghanistan, where a possible Soviet thrust
to the oilfields may come=With the Soviets
going to be an energy importing nation in
a few years, I think that is-an essential
-.But even as Weinberger once again in
voked the specter of an- oil-starved Soviet
Union plunging towards -the: Gulf, he -was
well aware-that not-only hadhis own De-
fense - Intelligence : Agency-long - disputed
this - scenario, but' that - the--'-Central. -In-
telligence gency- was' in ;the process of
confessing to one of the most egregious,
failures of intelligence a a-lysis of recent
tirpes, in-its awn estimate-of Soviet energy
ngeds
= Earlier- that week CIA= analyst -James
Noren -had disclosed _in a :seminar at
Ijarvard that-theCIA had prepared a new
report conceding that the, Soviet' Union
would have no need to import oil by the
mid-1980s. -`Iwo days -after, Weinberger's
appearance on Meet the Press, Bernard
Gwertzman reported Noren's remarks and
the existence of the new CIA. estimates in
The New York Times foi May 19,
Thus disappeared one of the major
rhetorical planks of the Ran-Haig for-
eign policy- Fortaoth the eag E"
tration and indeed its predecessor had pro-
posed an impending Soviet energy crisis as
THE VILLAGE VOICE
June 3-9 1981
the Rapid -Deployment Force and a'-U.S.
military buildup in the Gulf region and the
Indian Ocean. This view went almost un-
disputed, throughout the :1980 election
campaign, even though it-seems that by
the fall of last year the CIA was well aware
that the predictions on which this view was
based -were ludicrously wrong.
Birth of a Blunder
The CIA's blunders began to circulate
in-1977. In that year the Agency's Office of
Economic Research issued a series of:re-
ports that amounted- to- major. mod-
ifications of intelligence estimates of Sovi=
rend5,.~n. _epo. callet_
et-economic
'
or Soviet Lei P roduc.tton; the
rospecfs f
Agency predicted.that -Soviet :'oil=output
would start to fall by the late?1970s or early
1980s- and that-:this drop -could slow.the
growth of total'energy.production. "More
pessimistically;":-the CIA said, '.'the USSR
will-itself become an oil importer." The
report added--that -during-the 1980s the
Soviet Union might find itself unable to
sell oil abroad, notably to its Eastern Eu-
ropean clients, and -would therefore have
-to compete for OPEC oil for its own use-
In a -broader assessment the. Agency
-concluded that the rate of growth of Soviet
GNP was likely to decline by the early and
mid-1980s to between 3 'and 3.5 per cent
per annum and could even sink as low as?2
per cent-` This ? view, was partly based on
predictions:?of worsening problems in. the
energy-sector;
Not everyone agreed with this dire esti-
irnate, which was instantly seized upon by
the arms lobby-as further-justification for
a major U.S_ defense buildup, battling a
presumed Soviet grab for new sources of
oil. The Defense Intelligence Agency-flatly
dissented. And a major rebuttal came from
Con-
the Joint Economic Committee in Con-
el~ 78~ peo rm or a1 ma
fl orm o a s
rs re utta took
sudy~_hyxchardF Kaufman; the,tCatn-
I rnittee's general tounsel. Qn the lain 6f
Not onlywas.;_the.Soviet Union the
world's largest producer of crude oil at the,
present time, but, it :had also the largest
proven Ireservesnf coal and natural gas. Its
oil reserves were probably second only to
-those of Saud i?Asabia, and it?continued to
make impressive gains in the development
of its energy'-resources:.;--:
supplying its own
-needs and those of Eastern Europe, Soviet
energy exports to-the.-,West were on the
increase,-with oil-exports worth $5 billion
-in 1976: _
The: boom` oil and -gas-pipeline
4 1construction in the Soviet Union suggested
that the country was giving high priority to
the -energy sector__The Soviets had built 16
5000 miles of pipeline-us 1976 and 10,0001
-miles-in 1977,--:-'-,.;-_
- The hard currency earned from oil
salesrta the West and the influence gained
from. sales to Eastern. Europe were too
`--important to Moscow to be lost by default:
"Soviet`leaderswill probably take the poll-
cy.-initiatives necessary, to preserve the
USSR's status as a net oil importer. Pos-
=`sible new actions include major increased
investment in the energy sector, substitu-
tion of -natural-- gas and - other .-energy
? sources'for oil, and conservation,"'
The BlunderRe,versed
Kaufinan's assessment r6ade little or no
dent in the Washington- consensus. The
Soviet move into Afghanistan was seen, in
the worsening cold war dim-ate of late 1979
and early 1980 as but the prelude to more
far-reaching incursions;all climaxing in an
assault on the-Middle Eastern oil jugular
-to the West
In mid-1980 Senator William Proxmire
-held closed hearings in which he asked the
DIA and the CIA -foraheir-latest views on
-Soviet oil production. A sanitized version
0Q@fl3eQQQIig2 has now been released.
Frank Doe of the DIA put his agency's
unchanged position straightforwardly. the
 ICr A A ASIMd For Release 2 /0AW ~ P90-01137R0001 0060001-2
ON -PAGE ~~!] 11 MAY 1831
I,AI?^ STER} i "'has be-
come adept at pressing
-spondent who has spent most' of her
adult life, in Europe, chiefly Italy.
.When she wasn't raising two chil-
dren.:with her novelist-husband Tom
which Sterling has testified.
She told the senators that, although the Soviet 1Jn-
ion may not have been responsible for organizing,
directing, or controlling,the assortment of left-wing
terrorist groups that have bombed, kidnaped, ? .?'
:skyjacked, assassinated, and kneecapped their way
through the 1970s, the Soviets were responsible for
helping to train-and arm them;.
THE FIRST STEP toward arriving at this cvnelu-
Sion came when Sterling noticed some disturbing
similarities between the 1.978 kidnaping and slaying_ . ~.
of Aldo Prioro by the Red Brigades in Italy and the
anger and joy simultaneous- . .:_.Sterling in their Tuscany farmhouse,., earlier kidnaping of Hans Martin Schleyer in West
ly, an ability-n:oc -'natural _ ::-?,: she. was writing about the nuances Germany by the Baader-Ale'iihor gang
to sadists and terror ists`: -of-which:?:; 'of;:polities for the Washington Past, . :"It was a renlica a minufe.hv-mink ,anTa+r Thu
~laj..~.1.7 ~,V U1LCH .SL VtiL 41,14 U~V~ kJG4 ,.L. 1,114 1 1.L1V4j1~4
Joy because her jvst-published:':` the New York Times magazine,. and it'was awfully important. In every detail they were
book "The Terror Itietwork'''.-(Holt; Atlantic Monthly: But the nuances anise, so I figured there had to be etailration." .
Rinehart, and Winston, :$1i x), could of - international terrorism she is Then she. iound that half of a muioord is onlar
not have been better. timed=to?-cash finding', are becoming muddled in. ransom taken .by German terrorists ended up. -
in on the fioodlig-;:-throw n inter- America by simplistic thin]--cing. hands of Italian terrorists: When she went to -Vienna
rational terrorism bf the_.eagan to check it` out; she learned of another incident. Two
administration. ON ONE HAND, she has found Palestinian terrorists waiting in a Czechoslovakian
Anger because the-book has been'- - left-leaning, detente-age Americans border town had boarded an Austria-bound train- car-!
seized upon as evidence -for- Seere ?: -.=hard-put to accept the idea that the
tary of State Alexander Haig's Soviets - could be guilty of involve` tying Russian Jewish refugees headed for- Israel: :
e, `Tr'ent with anything as nefarious; as' Erandishing Kalashni'.kov rifles and d-a suitcase full of
charge that the Savietar,.,.resnorl Soviet-made hand grenades, they held the refugees
'
Bible for most of that very same terrorism. On .the other hand, she hosts a until the Viennese overnment agreed to
terrorism. ibis has tbrowrr..a per- finds Americans of both the-left and g g
turbed Claire Sterling-to - unfamil- the right all too eager to obscure shut down a transit camp for Russian Je,vs.
cenjecturgs that the Palestinians had to
the differencesbetween mastermind- Sterlina_
lar end of the political. see trazm. have learned from the Russians how many Jews'
For the first t time it-.my all-year mg terronsm and supporting it .they, were releasing and when, and that the Czecho-
career as a reporter," Sterling said, through aid, training, and Third
: slova iaii military had to be' locking the other way
~ World proxies
"I h
d
a
.
ave su
denly beeonrie
n ex
trema right vring.hawkt" 5ho-d : -The- latter is the case she makes when the Palestinians stood around with bulky,
"]-The Terror Network," with evi- Soviet-made-rifles bereath their coats and a suitcase.
scribes herself as.a m-,e-ale-le I ftist full- of hand grenades while waiting for the refugee.-- hr and doesn't hesitate to-tell=.oz'a -uenee.that, although mostly circum-
~- >wrtc r. soon, ether connections were The
'Brooklyn College-&--7 a -. betorw_~Vorld a? teapot were it not for the Reagan mane.
Yn y administration's heightened concern Palestinians were part of a Paris based ring of inter-
II
ar
. with terrorism. Haihas said it will national terrorists run by Carlos ("The Jackal"), a
Fi
st tr
(th
I
it? t i
r
ey
e
, ave
,
.. tare the blare of human rites in Venezuelan linked by-Western intelligence agencies t
i
s
By Rogers Worthington
rli
in
9 5
i `......, - 4.w 1
t ..
-_5 vx..
documented, no cr iaility, aa; i Prorrtres- rresiaenr Reagan. Pas yr
SovieYt ,book. yawed ` swift and effective retribu OPEC oil musters, in ViPenna, teas the??same woman
"i wL than thav ltu,tr,-T - .,- 1 and; Lion against acts of international later caught with the Austrian ransom money de
ttussi I1S mastermrrder k terror- .. "- L?1~ i,1,14G1L 174c1LG3 l~u.uaa~Y u, 4 : THE NETWORI{ Sterling was piecing together be.
-- .. .. -7?.nw 'A,...] S..-...,..:...r.- ..~~ L-..-~ L-lam ..
tined glasses and - ;he? leans forwar :? Y Sen. Jeremiah Denton (R., Ala.) As early as 1970, there were some obvious cues to
.z._:~--L_~ and the Senate Su ocommiftee on -
to
d
a;c ..c4vv. ~. x..ar was V- J: - an n.uc.."" an
S~Llrlt and ^error ismbefOr?
phasiza the poini= Iris ail=.a .bit :` Y.. and .- Palestinian seized an El Al airliner- in London. The
much for Sterling.;a foretp3ircorre-:tiLl.-::I
JKXXGU~iM 90
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 ARTICLE nrEav dF or Release 2flW/mrN0i3r:hC"lW9O-01137R000
10 May 1981
s: followed random policies in Africa over the , are not under ? Moscow's thumb and have a
th
' h
ide i
it
d
St
te
h
U
a
n
e
:
a
s
t
e
n
China is now.on- s
e . wc:ldwide struggle against the Soviet Union- past few decades, but-that in the last three years chance to remain in power." This encouragementI
'. Yge1y on the basis of the old proverb that "the., a revitalized, better coordinated policy appeam to . presumably would include economic assistance, ifs
enemy of my enemy is my- friend.". Faced with ? have emerged.., As the CIA experts see the situa-- not. outright military support.
this reality, the National-Security- Council has --:tion,:. Chinese policy has now focused "on its "With regard to regimes friendly to Moscow, or
gin curious about what=the-Chinese have been= prima objective and [takes] into account the lim-. perceived to be inherently unstable, China is
up to in Africa that may affect American- inter- ited resources it has. to spend on an arena far . likely to press for evolutionary change or, if com
_w;s them-, from its own borders." pelled by competition with Moscow, revolution-
The best answer so far, has;been in a. secret re-, The, _key-elements.: in the current Chinese axy change sponsored by- anti-Soviet' resistance
rare by- the Central Intelligence`Agency a few policy3-toward,Africa, as the CIA understands.. movements; the CIA report-pr edic
Th d t:
i possibility
as- = are: - :S; ,. .c.;-., In short, intelligence experts see the
them
-A 'k m
t
y
rev
Y
, ee cs ago. e ocumen
,tlipm African states to he wary that China would invest significant amounts of
administration is. of Moscow.. ,r:
Iteap
ormatlon on which the
^~`'1 `Advise the West-especially.. the United.=- lization of Soviet-do
policy Afnca.?rl minated es=-though
,,wing its lIl `==,' ?`
.? _ -__ _._ a - ?'~el.;.,N .vnnlr} nrufar not to be fnrrerl into q111-b a,
l ver the pasl. quarrror_tr-txutury,,
and to press South situation.
e
ion
in the
stat
e to
r
e
t
r
`?
g
r
es,
ana
.
oj
c
mnt-ed.to p
[Pelting}bias au
-tort notes,
, ..s uencein Africa'with-varying-uegrees of in -;Africa to abandon its claim to Namibia and its As for the specific regimes that might became;
-A Vk, ,... ,-a1,...r..-.le +la ('T4 .e..nv4Q'
esti
apartheid - - -
f
-
,, t.......J,,,_
.:. ?_?: : _ - Suv,.,
.. -
purposes..,
i-issiry and fora variety o
arts of _ _4 "Urge liberation movements in the region to that, so far at least, Tanzania and Zambia, which
r
t `i
th
e i
t
Chi
"
p
r> o
e
n
eres
nes
Relativeto
hz world, [Peking's}:interest'irl
?Mozambique .Though- it:remains.:-close to, r.Russia;. a ;Mozambique, maintains
relations,with-China: TheCIA says- that China !'will'tryto maintain its; presence in
Mozambique-and-.-encourage-Maputo's, frustration with its Soviet-and; east European
backers".
?Angola.. Angola- is- solidly in the, Soviet system- Nevertheless.- the CIA report, adds,
"China probably=.will-continue -its; low-key-.effor'-to a normalise:l-relations with Angola
while it lends small amounts of covert support to dissident elements.
?Zambia = and -.Tanzania... Both: countries have,: "long-standing ties"._ wjth =...China,
and remain .friendly.; "Peking probably' will. continue--.its determined effort to_ keep
Zambia out of the Soviet: orbit and, to stay on goodaerrnswith Tanzania''.;;'..';
?Nain bia. Russia remains,the main supporter-of the South West'Africa:People's
Organisation (Swapo). "Although there- are -unconfirmed reports that Swapo has
expressed interest in reviving its old ties with Peking," the report says, "the Chinese
cus rently are not willing to, -do more than offer the insurgents . moral-- support and
m}~}s?etl~y bed" or eltea e~2 Ofi1d1`~ t.1 6p9t8- ffS kV j~t&g%tlwlth South
 Approved For Release 200JV'N G~IOP~P90-011! 000100060001-2
/ gay 198
An'Arab-Israe1ideficit
The Arabs and. Israelis have one thing in common -- a human behaviour problem which
could lead to their death in combat, according to a secret Central Intelligence Agency
report.
The CIA has monitored the results- of a public study in which Arabs, Israelis;
Europeans and. Americans were investigated for their ability to respond to . verbal
instructions involving .either right-sided or- left-sided movements. For the Arabs,
42% responded with hesitation, and. an initial movement of the eyes in. the wrcng
direction. The corresponding. figure.for?the_ Israelis, 36% -----wrong, was not significantly
different from that for the Arabs..But the percentage for. Europeans and Americans was
significantly smaller 3%. wrong.
The_CIA commented in its report that "it would be fair to label the response differ-
ences reported as a cultural deficit for both the Arabs and Israelis What did it mean?
"This deficit has implications for performance of the groups in any system or operation
in which right-left command or actions are necessary."-For instance,. the CIA wrote in
the classified report, "Under-.stress. and time constraints-- eg, combat -this problem
would. be magnified. Any display showing a. mirror image, also would tend to increase
error rates. " The .CIA did not, see much-chance of the problem being corrected.: "Although
training-may alleviate a.left-right confusion problem to some extent, this solution may
not be applicable for the Arabs-and. the Israelis; ' the report said..
,The-public study. put forward the idea that the Arab-Israeli problem maybe. due to a
fixed pattern of cerebral functioning associated with reading from right to left.-Said the
CIA: "If.the diagnosis of ahe.etiology of this problem is,correct, most.types of training
may. not be. effective.",,.
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 ARTICLEq WM1%r Release 12I3a6MMUIN MI 0-01I37R000100060
ON PAG;/ 7 May 1981
w e;,u .
The CIA is, you; might say, "F lip-
pering" its lid. over. reports that the
Soviets are training dolphins for mil-.
itary and espionage,'missions. Worse,
they stole the idea from us. -
The it inspiration was not the :movie
"Day of the. Dolphin, in which, some
had guys kidnaped George C.. Scott's
Atta, says the Russian navy may be
"training dolphins to perform various
military and intelligence tasks-..
[which] could include attaching intel-
ligence-collection packages and. other
devices to enemy: submarines, and
helping divers recover equipment from
the ocean floor.". : '
talking porpoiae and trained it to. at- . In addition, Soviet scientists., are
tack an explosive device to the bottom :trying to learn more. about . the way
of - a ship. Nor- did:: they get - the- idea dolphins are . able . to ;locate objects
from clandestine visits to Marinelant - ;under water' through '`the', use of
A top-secret CIA report states that echoes. the Soviets'. fighting.: fish program "The Soviets hope to use the results
"closely resembles that in the -United. of this research in developing ad-
States and apparently'was stimulated.. vanced sonar systems,` more efficient
by a U.S:Navy de rrionstration of the hull designs for submarines 'arid .sur-
military value- of marine mammals." face' ships,- and improved shapes for
The Navy began- its -studies .in ;1960 torpedoes," the CIA reports.:'
with a dolphin named "Nutty," trying The Soviet dolphin project. report-
to -determine whether'-the beast had - edly involves five Black Sea research
any special characteristics-that could --stations, including small- bio-acoustics-
be built into the-design?of-underwater- ?--laboratories and a dolphinarium...
missiles just about everythi g else in
One of the . Navy's-most successful ` the U.S.-Soviet competition, ' each `side
tests - involved - ?a '-dolphin.' ; named -- must' come up with countermeasures
` Il~ffy," which carried - tools: and mes? 'to nullify the other's `new, weapon.
sages to aquanauts 200-feet below the -'Here the` Soviets may have opened .a
surface in the 1965- Sea'-Lab 11-project dolphin gap:
off La Jolla, Calif That's the, caper In one Soviet test.. according to and'
that apparently hooked.;the Soviets... other CIA report, the- Russian experts
The Soviet..-program ` began that"-.. were able to-"estimate _.,... a ;dolphin's
very year, and the' CIA reports: that . ability to detect an object containing
"the- quality of - Soviet research.- has- - ` an active acoustical emitter under ad-.
improved steadily and} in many: areas verse background noise conditions."
.is comparable" to-the Navy's: : w And this, the CIA explains, . "could
The Top Secret Umbra CIA report,- -enable the Soviets to evaluate-the po
slipped- to my-associate--Dale-Van =-tential- benefits . of developing acous
tical jamming countermeasures to LS.
Navy dolphin programs .:.. " - ~. A
Butdon't' think the: Navy has been
-napping on the quarterdeck. Evidently
alarmed at the possibility 'that "its
Fighting Flipper Force might be in-
capacitated by Soviet Jamming, the
Navy- has .broadened its research to
include. sea lions and whales. ,:
-In _"Project Quick: Find;,. sea lions .
were trained to- locate.'instrumen --
laden missiles and other test ordnance"
fired into. the ocean; ,'and to attaci
recovery hardware: to them= " t
And in "Project Deep Ops," a pilot
whale and two killer -whales demon=
strated an ability-to recover objects
from even greater- depths than that at,
which the sea lions operated: "I e
pilot whale proved _ particularly adept.-
It learned how ' to -attach a lift bag,
which inflated' at hookup, to a dumrriy
torpedo resting _on. the.-ocean floor
1,654 feet down:.:
Our Blubber' - Brigade' should give
the' Soviets something-to. chew on.,.
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 I ~/
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Pres. Reagan.
(Regional Defense Spending)
Q. Mr. President, I want to thank you
for having us. I represent Cleveland, Ohio,
the scene of your date victory. And I
was very pleased in th debate when you
talked about and mentio d the inequities
of poor women in the soci security sys
tem, and I think millions k American
women were. My focus of co ern, of
course, is older women and, in par 'cular,
problems that the Northeast and the id-
west are experiencing. In the State f
Ohio, Mr. President, we get only 71 cents
out of the dollar back to our State. And
I'm wondering, if we go to a block grant
approach to the Siates, like my own State,
can we be assured that we'll get our share
of jobs in the defense area and in energy
and so on that by-and-large would help
our State of Ohio and other Midwestern
and Northeastern States? And then we'd
have the money on a State level to do the
kinds of things that you're suggesting we
Pres. Reagan 2
(MX Basing Mode)
Q. A number of leaders from western sta
including some of your strong supporters,/ep.
pose the MX fixed-rail siting because it'"oing
to use up so much range land. Hoy/do you
A. I have to tell you that, 'a I can't
claim that I've had enough ' ut to make a
final decision on anything, not enamored
of that fixed rail system. believe the missile
is necessary. I don't Neva in the basing
method that has bee suggested so far.
Sec. Weinberger -
(CIA Report on Terrorism)
ought to be doing on a local area. Is there
any concentration on bringing more jobs
to our States so that we get one dollar for
every dollar in taxation we give to the
Federal Government?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I have to say
with regard to jobs of that kind, and gov-
ernment jobs, that we think the whole
program is geared at the kind of jobs the
really count, and that is the revitalization
of industry, the renewal of industr . And
I know that Ohio is hurt worst/than a
our unemployment rate is ti
i nal average. But th
ere today.
y above the
\Mic igan and several other of the indus-
trial ates. And thvhole function of
the pro am is gear d to increasing pro-
ductivity, akin it possible for business
and industr t invest the capital that is
necessary to, ble to compete once again
with our foign ompetitors. So that part
A. It'd not only that. It's so a borate, so
costly, and I'm not sure that it is n or
would be effective. It's again an indi on of
to have verifiability so you create a great, e
orate costly system in which you can hide
missile except that the enemy has to know
that the missile is there. And it doesn't make
much sense to me.
Q. Does that mean that the sea-based op.
tion is under active consideration?
A. Oh, I think there are any number of
them, ranging all the way from silos such as
we presently have. Sio, sea-based, they're .all
being looked at.
Q. So the siting question. You've been com-
mitted to the missile, but the siting of it is still
a wide-open question as far as you're con-
cerned?
MR. DUNSMORE: Mr. Secretary, there's a report in the press today that there is a
draft C.I.A. report, in which the C.I.A. is unable to find substantial evidence to support the
Administration's claim that the Soviets are behind international terrorism. Can you enlighten
us at all on that?
SECRETARY WEINBERGER: Well, I don't know if enlighten is the right word. I can
certainly talk about it a little bit, because the report in the newspaper is one of these reports
of a very preliminary- draft of the thinking of some of the people. It has specifically not been
issued, and it doesn't Constitute the final judgment of the C.I.A.
I think, as far as I can make out, because I've not seen it and quite properly so, because
apparently it is just a draft, the newspapers have the advantage of me on that, and they have
seen it, and what they report is, or at least they have seen something that enables them to
write the story, and the story is that on an individual basis, taking a particular piece of
evidence, they say this particular piece of evidence doesn't seem to be supportive. But on the
other hand, although the headline didn't say it -- the story did -- there are some pieces of
evidence in which this draft reports that there is substantiation.
I myself have no doubt that there is good, clear evidence that the Soviets have been
participating in the training and in the equipping of groups that, for want of a better term,
can be called terrorist groups, groups that are bent upon overthrowing governments that are
basically friendly to us and establishing groups within countries that have the potential for
overthrowing governments, so- that it's really a question of degree, whether all of the
evidence is supportive or whether only some.of it is supportive. So I think any suggestion that
the G.I.A. has found that the Soviets are not behind the training, equipping and encouraging
of international terrorsim would not only be very premature, it would be quite wrong.
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will have-w ether you can substitute
with defens spending-actually there, I
think, the rst rule is what is the best and
most a ient and economical way to build
up o defenses.
think that too often in the past we-
ave confused military spending with, let's
say, trying to attain a social aim at the
same time. Now, I can see if there are two
States or three States, that any one of
them is in a position to meet the military
contract, then I think you've got to use
some fairness and honesty in spreading it
around. But it is true that there are some
States that are just heavier in defense-
States along the coast with shipbuilding
yards and so forth. And I can only say we
try to be fair with the other. But the real
thing that you need is the private indus-
try put back on its feet to provide that
kind of job for the people.
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THE GARDE-t\1 CITY NEWSDAY (NY)
24 April 1981
ith 'e rro r s
its own;'version ol;-it's worth. remembering
= that the FBF_.has"logged-..a-steady,,decl
in the~nuinberof terrorist incidents in
.
R
,
this=country,'Forcegampie; ritcoiinted 20
an enunciatzons IT
VY
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hardly, measures ;ups ta;: accusations
dd -
-States. Here;. at: least; the terrorist threat
aayO to uab na .eviaence.oz oovzermvoive
ment - in.. =terrorist'-acts,~ink:they United.
compared-. wwsttL;42 : 1979. Tfie' bureau-;
terrorist bombings and 'attemptslast year,
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XTIC.-.E Opp QFD NEW YORK TIMES
ON P-i 24 APRIL 1901
o
UNDER U.S. REVISIOy
NewStatistics'to include Threats
Along . Wit# Acts of:Uioience',
lay CHARLES MOHR
-WASHINGTON, April 23 _'A State De-
partmentofficial said. today. that Govern-
? ment stati~ itce on, international terrorist
incidents-v erebeing revised to include
. threats"'as,we11 as actual acts of politi-
callymotivated violence- 'i
_. :On the eve`of Congressional: hearings
on terrorism; Anthony C. E. Quainton, di-
rector of the department's office for com-
bating terrorism; also. indicated that the
change- would"approximately' double the
number of terrorist,"incidents" counted
by the United States in the last 12 .years,.
although the number of people tilled and
wounded would-, remain virtually the
same ti-. 'C`:S:'?{y; y'?
Mr. Quainton told a group of reporters
at a luncheon that there were 7,000 terror-
ist incidents-in the last 12 years, causing
s,0t;0 `''killed?and-wounded" The Central
l-ntelligenca.Agency's annual report on
*nter.tionak terrorism. for 1979 said
there were 3,336 "international terrorist
incidents" from 1958 through I979, caus-
ing.2.689 deaths and 5,955 wounded.
Publication, of the 1980 C_I.A_ report,
normally- available in April, has-been de-
layed because of disputes among Govern-
ment agencies.as to the nature, extent
-and gravity of terrorism. An official ac-
quainted with the report said,. however,
that when. and if it was published the in-
.clusion. of :"threats" would probably at
-least double' the-- number of officially
counted incidents in each of the years.
Haig View on Soviet Backed
= Mr. Quainton told the reporters that the
Reagan Administration was determined
.to give a "very much greater interest,
'priority and intensity" to the question of
-terrorism. Be also defended the conten-
tion by Secretary of State Alexander M_?
Haig Jr. that the Soviet Union had given
logistical help, training and encourage.
ment to terrorist organizations, saying
this was "amply documented for almost
every group ;. :.
-Some Democratic members and staff
officials of Congress said they feared the'
statistical revisions were motivated by a
Reagan Administration desire to justify a
more rigid'- foreign' policy abroad and'
might also be cited by conservatives to
justify increased surreptitious, surzeil-
Iance of political dissidents at home. .
. i 'he:,Senate Judiciary's Subcommittee
on . Security and ? Terrorism_ newly
created this year, will hold the first of-
what is expected to be a sporadic series of
hearings on the problem' of terrorism
tomorrow. Several Republican members
of the subcommittee and its majority
staff have indicated a belief that counter-
intelligence, agents should- be-, given
greater legal latitude than they now have
to gather intelligence on groups that may
be'suspected of being potential terrorists
within the United States.
?-, Terrorism Held Decreasing
Representative Don Edwards, Demo-
crat of California, chairman of a House
subcommittee that oversees the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, contended in a-
telephone interview that "terrorism is
actually decreasing" and disagreed with
the new statistical criteria.
A Senate staff official, meanwhile, re-
ported that the semantic and statistical
debate was even more complex. This offi-
cial, who declined the use of his name,
said that C.I.A. analysts were also being
"pushed" or encouraged to expand the
definition of terrorist incidents to include
"ail acts'of violence intended to impact
on, a wider audience than the victims of
theviolence." . ..:..~ .:r.;,= .i;:
"By that definition," said the official,.
"the shooting of President Reagan by
Jahn Hinckley would be a terrorist act."
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-011
3 ?:'T L C Lir
By Vernon A. Guidry, Jr. "
Washington Bureau of The Sun
Washington --- Terrorist acts in the
United States are declining; undermining
door sdav rhetoric",. about domestic, ter-.,
rorism, says the executive assistantdirec-
for of the FBI in charge of.investigations.....
"Right now. the_riskis tolerable,"?said-
Francis M Mullen uiy.an interview:- "We.
believe we are effective..:.. dye do have
the ability to investigate terrorist activity
dad groups."
The level of terrorist activity-both do=
mastic and international-has become a
matter of controversy; anz}so is the ques-
tion of the appropriate response. A Senate..
subcommittee begins hearings today on
the current extent of terrorism.
? As the FBI measures terrorist inci'
dents, there were 111 in the United States
in 1977, 65 in 1978, 5Z in 1979, and 29 in.
1980. These are incidents, Mr. Mullen said,
in which a claim of responsibility is made
by a terrorist organization or., in which,.
there is "good evidende'. of terrorist re-
sponsibility-
"I don't like to see all this rhetoric pre-
dicting a doomsday became I don't think
that's going to happen," Mr. Mullen said..
"Now, the potential is there," he went
e've gat to agree to That [but] the
problem is being adt1res: :
One 'disturbing element is what 141r_
Mu len describes as 'more of a willing-
ness to take human liie' on the part of ter,- i
rorists operating in the United States than
had been the case before..
'?;vaat we're concerned about, and'
what we are watching closely', is that the,
United States doesn't=- become a battle-
g_round" between different foreign politi
cal factions, he. said.. He- cites Libyan,
Cuban and Iranian activities as examples:
. "The only active [terrorists] weshave
that are really anti-U.S. government are.
the Puerto Rican groups," he said-
"We do suspect Cuban involvement in
say SovCiet involvement, Puerto Rico, but to
o, we can't prove
THE BALTIMORE SUM
24 April 1981
it... Mr. Mullen said in response to a ques-
tion about Moscow's possible role.
This is a key element in the controver-
yr over international terrorism. Secretary I
5
f State .Alexander M Baig, Jr., largely
0
began the current debate by focusing at-
tention on what he called `rampant inter-
national,. terrorised" and the role- of the
Soviet Union, insponsoring?it. ;s,.
A number of experts have questioned -
whether terrorist activity is-actually
'rampant" at the moment. Pinning down
the extent of Soviet involvement also has
been difficult., . _. ; -
This issue will be examined today in a
hearing before the Senate subcommittee
on terrorism, a group whose very creation
has stirred some fears that civil liberties
may be abused in the search for internal
threats
.
One of the.witnesses at today's hearing
will be Claire Sterling, a veteran Ameri-
can journalist who has written a book on
"
the subject, "The Terror Network.
Ms. Sterling- maintains that the Soviet
Union 'and its surrogates are- supporting
-modern: terrorist movements. "All the
world's emerging terrorist bands in the.
1970s were indebted to the Cubans and
their Russian patrons.. :! she writes.
c is sharnl critical of Western gov-
ernments and of the CIA in 'cular for
what she ra ards as a cawardi failure to
int to the Soviet Union as the romoter
of terrorism.. - -
. Former CIA director William Colb ,
also to tes at toda s hearin , sa s
overall, leis. Sterling has "produced a
that
,
spectacularly ve xis.
:...M.r. Colby says that a viet union
must shoulder."a high degree of responsi-
bility" for international. terrorism, but
adds that "this doesn't mean that every
example of terrorism sterns from a decd '
sion of the Politburo:'
As to his former em to er Mr. Cola
sa s Ms. Sterlin ma be too much put off
b the fact that' trite ence a to
rite very reuse an no genera
too much:' have ahead
The contron maw
touch the owever. is annual re-
rt on terrorist activi for 1980 has been
,...,.1 .... s-. ..n nnnnnnt d reason. and a I
s 'resman said est2rda it ma not be l
dished at alt
Earlier in the year. officials knowl-
edgeable about. the issue said the. report
for 1980 would conclude that there were !
about the same number of terrorist inci- !
dents outside. the United States as there
were in 1979, which had itself represented j
a decline from previous years. - _ 11
An article in The Washington Post
this wee indicated, wowever, that e
s me of exnung a Lenora inci-
dent .a cnang to incr
number con in me retort. ?
The use aiid misuse of i2o oration are
sure to come un, before the subcommittee,
which is headed by Senator Jeremiah Den-
ton (R. Ala.).
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j--M*Cr. r? f1PJ
ON P_'_GP
I;Ed YORK TIMES
18 APRIL 1931
, 43
ac
r-ezh r2 V Hints, He .1r, a .-.. TaLLs. on
By ANflIONY AUSTIN ?
Spoag C*TbwN-OW York
T IOSCOW, April 17 Leonid I. Brezh-
rev, the Soviet leader, implied today that
the Soviet Union-wa.s ready to resume no-
gotiatlcns with the United States on ban-
ning military activity in outer space.:; ~ .-
. ibough be did riot refer to the success-
ful flight of the Americas"space shuttle
Columbia. his re arks,.made at a Soviet
space ceremony, . appeared to reflect
Moscow's. stated concern over the mili-
tary potential of the shuttle program.
In the minim i coverage they garto
Columbia's liftoff and its return .to earth.
Soviet television. and Tass, 'the official
press agency, portrayzd, the ter space.
ship as primarily an instrument for test-
ing lair weapons and "killer satellites"
in space. In advance of the test flight, the
Soviet press accused the Pentagon of
seeking to turn space into a battle arena.
?Caoperatiaa In Out er S Ce'r
Mr. Brrzhiiev; while presenting
awards today to a Soviet astronaut and a
Mongolfan who flew with him, departed
abruptly . from the standard encomiums.
of the occasion, saying: "f shmild like to
stress that the Soviet Union has h.n and
remains a convinced supporter of the
development of bu~sin?sslike- znterna-
tional cooperation in cuter,ce.
"May the shareless ccs.axic ocean be
pure and free of weapons of airy rind. We
stand for joint efforts to tee a great and
humanitarian aim -to preclude the mails.
tarization of outer space.".' ?:
In effect, lira Brezimevappeared to be
calling on the United States to ccrsider
resuming the . talks- on preventing. an
arms race in space that ;.be-tiro nations
In the- view of-Americaa-offictal -
Washington, Moscow entered. those talks
despite.; its. commanding- lead is , space'
weaponry because. it wanted to imornve
chances, of concluding-anew strategic
arms limitation treary,ccvering-missile-
and'bomb-ia, +.=
I Focus an'"li Tex 9alrllltss'r`
t .' Tliespacenegotiaticnswerefocused on'
controlling the use of military space vehi
cles, called "killer satellites;-' designed
to hunt d"n and destrc7 commu nca..
ltions- and surveillance satellites --aand
others putinto orbit by the other side. - ".
For two years; : starti~, with...th6i;o-
talks,: the Soviet,Uixfon-was reported to.
have obserred a moratorium'oa its test i
ingof such-wavap=. But'after the strate-
gic missile, treaty; signed in June 1979,
ran into seemingly h sin countable diff -.
cultic in the 'United States Senate, Mos-
cow was reported by Washington officials
to have resumed its "killer satellite" pro-
gram, conducting a testa year-ago this
month. " . .
Arco to American inte1ll: mte
and rnihtarv o iciais, a et n:en is
well en m its cleTelopment,
satellites
t ?O th hi 'dowered laser _ _ _ ;: 'Y.
An intelli ence cream to the Carter Ad.`
m stration.a year ago estiraa ttat
tne,.oviet nxoa Wculd eta ace an
iiilt~tl a wua in a it e~
lI s. Qtfter American its exa-
L. could ,
thevea ast.? - ? ........ _ its gtcn a orals have said that the.
United States has been developing its oviri~
ant4atellite system: but would probabIf
not he able to test it natl11982..;,
If air. Biezhneies remarks today we
seriously intended, it could mean that the
Russians are reassessing their chances of
retaining. their military lead in space in-
view of the American space shuttle's
ptessitrcperfor'mancP_--a-r.~A4.
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t _ = _ Y 11 April 1981
AMERICAN $UFl VfEy
CIA
WASMINGmh OC
The Shooting of President Reagan has
revived a number of familiar policy argu-
ments, among therm the role of domestic
intelligence. Predictable questions are
being raised. Are there threats to the
president's safety, and to public order
generally, that are going undetected? Are
there things that government aencies
should have known about Mr' John
Hinckley, the alleged assailant, and oth-
ers-such as Mr Edward Richardson,
apparently a second would-be assassin-
like him? Is greater vigilance in order?
Even though there seems to be agree-
ment that the president was the object of
no discernible conspiracy, marry people
in and out of government have expressed
a vague sense of unprotectedness, That
leads not merely to calls for -a more
efficient secret service with more names
in its computer, but also to a nostalgia for `
the days when certain other a
enci
i
g
es-
n
particular the Central Intelligence Agen-
cy and the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion-were watching. the' home -front
more carefully.
Nobody has yet publicly urged the FBI
fomenting international terrorism The
report contradicts the assertions of W1.
Richard Allen, the national security ad-!
viser and other foreign-policy spokes-
men, and so it has been sent back by Mr
William Casey, the director of central
-intelligence, to the intelligence analysts!
bureaucratically in a manner consistent
with its public image. The agency is
distinctly cool to the prospect of reviving
its domestic "Operation Chaos" of the,
1960s and early 1970s.. d
some ief within the Reaaa i ra-
tion with a -recent draft re ore from its
national fore- n assessments centre,
questioning the evidence or the charge
that the Soviet Union- is financtnc' and
damage the financial circumstances and
break up the marriages of dissidents. But
the bureau itself, under the direction of
Mr William Webster; a former federal
judge, is unlikely to be enthusiastic in any
event, in as much as it is still dealing with
the legal trouble from the last time
around. Testifying on Capitol Hill this
week Mr Stewart Knight, the director of
the secret service, complained that un-
duly burdensome restrictions on the FBI
were preventing the bureau from learn.
ing, and passing along to the secret ser-
vice, certain useful bits of intelligence.
But at the same hearing, Mr Webster said
that his agency wanted to be careful not
to send the secret service a lot of
"garbage"_ -
The CIA may be another matter.
Among Mr Reagan's most popular cam-
paign themes was the promise to un-
shackle the intelligence community. Even
as winter was turning to spring in Wash-
ington, there surfaced a transition memo-
randum calling fora new domestic intelli-
gence effort involving the CL_'\. It
reminded many of the ill-fated "Huston
plan", a broad internal security pro-
gramme launched under President Nixon
but cancelled after a few days because of
a tantrum by the late J..Edgar Hoover,
head of the FBI. Some government offi-
cial. who -thought the old days had not
been so good leaked the memo to the
press, and Mr Bobby Inman, former head
of - the super-secret National Security
Agency and the new deputy director of
the CIA, disavowed it during his senate
confirmation hearings...
That is one curiosity of American intel-
ligence: the CIA does not always behave
I for "review". That is bound to revive the
to resume the controversial "cointelpros" arguments over whether intelligence
(counter-intelligence programmes) of the should be subservient to or inde en de
1960s anApptl~v 't~spiwReiie~esez Q 6/01/(ibE,Qtl taf 1F~@RA~QQQMM 661001-2.
wiretapping, break-ins and various . at-
tempts to, poke through the rubbish, l
I is independent
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SALEI4 STATESMAN JOURNAL (OR)
4 April 1981
up s is sJ, e pecile
Secretary of Sta't4;;Alexander- .:. ? sides agree that terrorism itself is a.
Haig's conspiracy.theory, blamingall growing. problem; -particularly for
international terronsmon the Soviet; : Americans, who-,-,We-re, targets of,
looks suspiciously`expedient.,;4The more than-a third,of-the terrorist in
Russians always:-aie made to look =l0 - : cidents in past years:-v
feet tall- when the Pentagon wants .Discussion on international terror
more money' ?:x istmintensified:after publication this=
WE REMEMBER how quickly the spring-of 'a new book' entitled "Thee
Soviet missire.=gap -fell-' away~after 'Terror-Network`.by' Claire Sterling.
concern about--it had helped: ttelect She argues that the Soviets have been
Pr esident:.John_Kennedy, And~_we re- providing arms; training.andat. times
call Henry-Kissinger'_s-describing direction to terrorists across Western
U. S._Soviet= appraisal : of`.on'e an- Europe in hopes that police in West-
other's=capabilities as those~ , of two em democracies-would crack down
blind men locked in- a.room, each ?, on individual freedoms,.which would
thinking-the.other is armed. .breed resentment= and make the
Our suspicion.-of Secretary .Haig's masses eager for Communist revolu--
alarm-over?suppoed Sovietmaster-_ tion:
minding, of international terrorism WHILE IT IS trtie uiat the Soviet`
was : heightened this. past ,weekend Union makes a habit of causing trou?
when unidentified sources, in the Genes .ble around the-,?vcrld; .most experts
tml. riteft,g nce,.A,,enc laked~in agree that `the `causes. of terrorism.
-;_ enous? economic, racial and political
The -report'-;strongly disagrees? _.' currents running: through, the- coun-
-with, tip-Reagan administration that. tries where terrorists strike, whether:
the-Soviets=are the key supporter of in the Middle East, Northern Ireland,
international terrorism Th agency or the Basque region ofSpain.'-`'?
found only"circumstantial evi- I'hatnoone
has.satisfactorily de
,
tlenee" aft-Sos erinvolvement in ter- fined a terrorist illustrates the corn-_`
ronst-activities;the report &ncllyd- plexity of the problem
International terrorism is growing.`
DI~ ENSE SECRETARY. Caspar worse- Every. nation is vulnerable;
Weinberger-.-,promptly-.--'disputed the regardless of ideology What is need-
'ieakecrinforrnation `saying;there;is - ed.is:a recognition of the. problem as
airing
-
indeed-behind"irttemational--terror- cussion and cooperation among -all'.
J'
viets have been. "participating in the .; ; Haig , by simply blaming the Soviets;
training.and equipping of groups that :'::tends to discourage the in-depth anal-
:., can-be called terrorists',e_ of causes that this` important`
While the contro versy rages, all subject genuinely requires.:: r = ;''_,
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R000100060001.-2
 Approved For Relesp
,;0 }61/Q Ili:
31 March 1981
in Washington.
The Defence Secretary, `,Mrl
Caspar Weinberger, has dis-!
?puted. a draft._._CIA_Yreport:
which saysthatr'there'-iS insuf-'
ficient evidence to :support
Administration -:chargges that.
the Soviet Union is fomenting
international terrorism:-? -":':'
The report is a-clear embar-
rassment to- Administration
officials, who- ::: have . '. made
several. attacks- on? the Russians'
for their alleged-. involvement)
-in terrorism. Indeed, - the . in
creased US military . and econ-
omic aid to the Junta In 'E)
Salvador has- been-based:-on
the assumption : that- the. left-
wing guerrillas were being.sup
ported by- the Russians ands
their surrogates.
The sharpest attack on.'.the
Soviet Union's alleged terrorist
involvement' came. from.. the
Secretary of State',': General
Haig,,. Pt his first news confer-
ehte ? m Januaryi; _and it-::was
followed.by similaI=accusations
from -the State "Department
podium ;.the National .-Security;
Adviser; ' MM?Ir : Richard... Allen.;
and from President .Reagan - ;.'
Dir. Weinberger' took - issue
.with the CIA report in a telp?,
vision inlervieiv, in which-hei
`accused the "Soviets of pa.rtici-l
'gating 'in the - training and,
equipping of terrorist groups,'and noted that the CIA': report
was still only a draft--
::The-report was produced by
the CIA's Foreign ,Assessments
Centre, and the director:.of they
CIA-.Mr William Casey, "is:-.re
ana.
:ported to have ? asked lie.
Jysts`who complied- itto reviewi
,their. conclusions. The analysts'
found ' in their' report that.,
-there was some support for the.'
5uggest'ion that the. Soviet
Union c mighty be:' aiding - and
abetting ;terrorism;; but that in'
'many cases the evidence was.
no.more'than murky. and at'
.times there was none. -
'Because of its '-conclusions?
which. differ so markedly from'
what A he . Administration has been'saying,_i the ''CIA estimate;
ts'said to fiave stirred up an
angry debate in the State 1)e--
partment,: -National, Security,
Council,: and. -the:.;Defence:
Intelligence Agency.
It-'.ivas the. State' bepartment;
which accused. '.the Sovieti
Union:?--of supporting . inter-
:national -"terrorism last month;.
when- It issued' Its, repa'rt alleg.j
ing, Communist -backing-for the`
-left-wing guerrillas in' El Salva-'
dor..- .,':. ; , ..,
_;: The': report,.,: compiled by
epartment officials from'
State D
documents.-,,captured!in El Sal
v ador,' ' concluded''?: that.' -,therei
was '".definite evidence .of the)
.clandestine' military',. support
given by:: the Soviet Union,)
Cuba, ;-and -.:their:. Communist
allies to -Marxist-Leninist , guer-
tillas _ now..` fighting';?to over_
throw the-..Government'-; of El
`Salvador." ;:The'` evidence; the
.State,. Department said,;: was
. taken from. captdred, guerrilla
doctiments -and':'war.-material,
:and ' -corrobbrated',',by _ intelli
Bence; reports? ' _;' i.
'tafn.Guest-itddscThe United
States has apparentl:,. rejected
?the? appointment of/'a. former.
.Spanish ambassador .::-'to :'-. the
Vatican to-ambassador
a special 'UN
Investigation into human rights
violations in El Salvador.
According to diplomatic
sources in Geiievai the name of
blr Joacquim Ruiz Jimcnez had'
been put forward hy the Brar.-
ilian chairman of - the ? UN.
Human Rights Comriiission.
which met here, recently,: and
decided by a majority of 29 to
one to send a representative to
report on. the terror in El Sal-
vador.
Mr Jimenez, a lawyer,' served
well as ambassador to. the Vati-
can before breaking with the.
Franco regime.,,
No : `explanation is' being
.offered for the US veto-which
was officially denied = by ? a
- spokesman at the. US mission
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R000100060001-2
 STAT
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP90-01137R000100060001
FOREIGN REPORT
Published by the Economist Newspaper
5 March 1981
'7~.,
Rtissiaiis egairaxr'advarced`code?~programme in July 1978, for`both,land-based_ and.
sea-Based`'`missil'e tiuieludiztg-_tfienev+Y SS' T=19wciuise'nzissile And,- accordin 'ta
aitvtlier~secret'DIAt epos[ of March `~, I980, the Rizsstans used special codes for,-a11-.
four,tests era new version o?theSS=I8 issiletvhich began_in ul 197$1; atTyura.tam"
rar!'P _ _a. i:~+TC Ty r;a _Gr r?..- 1 >,:.'7'~ .~ "._n-^_'. ~1? +v M't.y`.:i-J'?~x :' `%ti?~. .'-2'-ac~,t~-_.~. =~~x Mr.?~ra%?: 1~s?+.'.?~
"'c~_...`!X~"T.:.?:rr-??-"(""'a'_?..S':i_~T.,S..`~31~s`:i~i~-7liX:'r ,.t~:f:Lt~~L ~3~:::re.-ri~ti-Y?:r3_-,.er{~:
- -Ft'. i?
Iaunched.ballisticx8isthies teleinetiy The unreadable.data appear to include all. of the;
-nil
__ =`~='Altfibugh, the-~ovzets Fiavc encrypted part of the telemetry orr-theirrnewest land-based;~.?;'
Within_the:pastyea the;Soviet. [anion appears tahavc:adopted new. methods of conce .l ; .'
ment.to keep the development;of;its ylatestnuclearwveapons..s~cret:=lt not-surprising
;the Russianswantta:do this ,_butunder- the-rules of(theSalt~l_treatybotli-super;
that
check:`-:
powers-are obliged not;to hide their missiles and bombers, so that each side can
whether-theother-is sticking to the treaty.:.
OYi= jarxuaryr-28 k98O the; Soviet. Union ~rased= ~7mficant_telemetry encryption"
on thefirst fliaht:.testof anew-missile_ .Telemetry encryption is.the jargon fon_th use of
codes'to-hide th_e data,about.the?:;missile's performancewhich_are-transmitted back
to carth--'According. to=the,:American-cDefence -Intellig'ence'= Agency_:' ``If the---soviets
continues=to~_enciypt-data 'atethis-level`,- the =United-States ability. to''deterrnineY=the
missiler launch-weight?throw- fight and'accuracy ivill be significantly lessened. 1, i.-
The missile. in ,~.fit. uestion is "a- new-. submarine-launched= laallisti missile (SLBM)?,
?
.The.missile- was