NATIONAL SECURITY STUDY DIRECTIVE (NSSD) 2-82 DETECTING AND COUNTERING THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE THREAT TO THE UNITED STATES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90B01013R000300400059-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 20, 2008
• Sequence Number: 59
• Publication Date: February 16, 1982
• Content Type: MEMO

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EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
Routing Slip .''-'
- ~ - ~~ -.17 . February 1.982
DDCI
DOA
DDO
D/EEO
D/OEA
C/PAD/OEA
C CCS/IC$
ACTON
Per.our telecon:please.-provide outline
_for DCI review NLT 25 February. Please
~~ prepare'a status. report for DCI's review by
:=-~15 April o::~:: Fina.l report, should be submitted
_: - ..
to DC I b ~ 1 _ J un.e . - .~_ ~~
NSC review completed may _
be deClaSSlfled Ir1 full,=~ Executive Secvetary`~
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tically downgraded or declassi-
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f`I~,,d when filled in form is detached from controlled document.
OCUMENT
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~kle - PIJSD 2-82
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NSC review
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declassified in full
TOP SECRET
February 16,1982
MEMORANDUM FOR THE HONORABLE CASPAR W. WEINBERGER
The Secretary of Defense .
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM FRENCH SMITH
The Attorney General '
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM J. CASEY
The Director of Central Intelligence
GENERAL DAVID C. JONES
The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
SUBJECT: National Security Study Directive-(NSSD) 2 -82
Detecting and Countering the Foreign Intelligence
Threat to the United States (~~
The President has directed that US policies, capabilities,
and organization for countering hostile intelligence activi-
ties directed against the US and its interests be reviewed
and that a draft NSDD, Detecting and Countering the Foreign
Intelligence Threat to the United States, be developed for
NSC consideration and Presidential decision. This review
will provide the basis for other decisions for implementation
as well.
This effort tai11 establish the objectives, policies,
required capabilities, organizational relationships, and .
resource priorities which in turn will guide the future
efforts of departments and agencies in countering the wide
range of intelligence collection techniques and activities
by which hostile intelligence services threaten our security_
Responsibilities for countering the hostile threat in its
totality are shared by a number of departments and agencies _
and involve a variety of efforts including counterintelligence .
activities, operational and communications security programs,
and personnel, physical and document security measures.. For
~'~exampl~e;'`Executive Order 12333_ establishes that .the Di>rector;'~
TOP SECRET
Classified by William P. Clark ~
TS 820207
Review on February 12,
2002
E~:tended by William P.
Clark
Cy ~~~
Reason: NSC 1.13(e)
~~~?~,~
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Federal Bureau of Investigation conducts and coordinates
counterintelligence activities within the US, while the
Director of Central Intelligence conducts and coordinates
counterintelligence activities outside the United States.
In accordance with NSDD-2, the Director of Central Intelligence
will direct a study of US capabilities and requirements to
meet the threat and will chair an interagency group which
will conduct this review. This group shall include the
Secretary of Defense, the Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs, the Director, Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the Director, National Security Agency, the
Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff, as well as others that the Director
of Central Intelligence may choose. The attached National
Security Study Directive (NSSD 2-82} provides guidelines for
this study and review.
The review should be completed not later than June 15, 1982.
An outline of the study should be provided to my office by
March 1, 1982.
William P. Clark
National Security Study Directive 2-82
cc: The Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency.
The Director, National Security P.ger_cy
TOP SECRET
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. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~> 9005?
.THE WH tTE HOUSE
TOP SECRET
Na~~.v~.a.~ Secu~.ti~y S~u.dy
~~.nee~~.ve Nurr-ben .~-~2
.February 16, 1982
DETECTING AND COUNTERING THE FORSIGN
INTELLIGENCE THREAT TO THE .UNITED STATES
Introduction
Executive Order 12333, United States Intelligence Activities,
provides that special emphasis be given to detecting and
countering espionage and other threats and activities
directed by foreign intelligence services against the United
States. Successive National Security Council-directed
assessments of .the Hostile Intelligence Services rlulti-
disciplinary Threat and United States Countermeasures
prepared by the intelligence community under..,the Director of
Central Intelligence. have demonstrated that these activities,
both in this country and abroad, pose an increasingly signifi-
cant threat to our national security. The recent 1985
Intelligence Capabilities Study concluded that the increasing
numbers of hostile foreign nationals within the United States
was seriously eroding the intelligence community's capability
to respond to this threat. .
Recent assessments have shown that hostile intelligence
services do not rely on a single collection technique to
acquire sensitive information and technology. Rather, they
employ a wide range of methods including human sources,
imagery, manned and unmanned satellites., aircraft, signal
intelligence collection ships, acoustic sensors, overt
ground-based signal intelligence collection networks, and
covert communications intercept. Moreover, collection is
not the only threat; Soviet "active measures" include sub-
~- version, disinformation, and other clandestine..,a.c-,tvi;ties
iriimical`to'US interests. ~"These assessments have generally
concluded that US efforts to respond in a coordinated way to
the multiplicity of hostile collection techniques which
threaten~us are insuff2cient compared. to the need..:
TOP SECRET
.Review on February 1:6, 2002
Extended by William P. Clark
Reason: NSC 1.13(e)
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Although these estimates to date have proven to be valuable
elements in gauging the extent and nature of the foreign
intelligence threat, there has been no comprehensive
assessment of our ability to respond to this threat_
Additional steps are necessary, and a review of the objec-
tives, policies, organization, capabilities, resource
priorities, and vulnerabilities of the efforts of the
government to detect and counter this hostile threat_ in its
totality is urgently needed. This NSSD establishes terms of
reference for this review.
Objective of the Review
To undertake a comprehensive review of US capabilities to
detect, analyze, and counter the foreign intelligence threat.
This review will produce a National Security Decision Directive
(NSDD) on Detecting and Countering the Foreign Intelligence
Threat to the United States for consideration by the National
Security Council and decision by the President, as well as
other recommendations for decisions to implement the objectives
of the NSDD throughout the government.
Scope
The review shall assess, as a minimum, the following topics
with regard to detecting, analyzing, and countering totality
of the foreign intelligence threat:
- Overall US objectives.
- The adequacy of the process and structure for
developing US national policies designed to implement these
objectives and the adequacy of long range planning efforts.
Intelligence collection capabilities necessary to
detect and analyze all aspects, including espionage, "active
measures," technical collection, and other activities.
- Capabilities necessary to counter this threat.
- Organizational and managerial framework for deter-
mining the most effective application of budgetary and
personnel resources. Usefulness of developing a subject/
target technique for consideration of this area.
- Methodology for gauging the effectiveness of these
efforts.
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- Legal, guideline, structural, and organizational
impediments to achieving required capabilities in these
areas.
- Strengths, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses in regard
to protective security objectives, policies, and organiza-
tion applicable to US Government agencies, US Government
contractors, and private industry.
- The need to develop a central, all source counter-
intelligence information and analysis capability.
It is intended that the review focus on the strengths and
weaknesses of our capabilities to respond to the threat, and
as such it should draw upon previous assessments in
establishing the nature and source of the threat, including
the current multidisciplinary assessment.
Administration
Management of the NSSD 2-82 review will be the responsi-
bility of an interagency review group chaired by the
Director of Central Intelligence or his representative..
The interagency review group will report its findings for
National Security Council consideration not later than
June 15, 1982. The interagency review group will include
representatives of the Departments cf Defense and Justice, the Central
Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency,
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs, and others that the Director
of Central Intelligence may choose.
All matters relating to this NSSD will be classified Top
Secret. Dissemination of this NSSD, subsequent study
material, and the resulting draft will be handled on a
strict need-to-know basis.
TOP SECRET
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