CARL T. ROWAN: PROPAGANDA AND POLICY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00901R000600090010-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 11, 2005
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: March 3, 1980
• Content Type: NSPR

Approved For Release 2005/11/28: CIA-RDP 1- 0 6000
_~ 1 Y^ V&n THE WASHINGTON STAR (GR-~J t' R g _
3 March 1980
I -r%
ar -T. .o a n:
Fifteen years ago, when I
was director of the -U.S.
Information Agency (USIA),
and when we had half,a mil-
lion American soldiers bog-,
ged down in Vietnam; Presi-
dent Johnson called me, out
of a luncheon at-the West
German Embassy.
"I'm sitting .here Qitli'
(CIA Director) John,
McCone," . Johnson `said.
"MScCone says that. there's
-
real light at-, thend o-the
tunnel, an4''aRwe need"tq
win is for yoisto beam in,
some rn.or rpropagandq.,-
Can't yotr.;persox ally talk to
the Indi-ans;..t.he-Thais-.ot
someone sci we;can get':,tlmt
new medium-* ave transmit.;
ter out ther'e.sornewhere?'
I provoked'a-nasty discus-^
Sion -.by saying that "if
McCone's intelligence were
as reliable as our broadcast-
-~ing, we'd be a lot nearer the
end of the tunnel."
But I went ahead and al)--
pealed personally to Thai-
,land's foreign minister,
Thanat Khoman, and got the,
Thai government to reyerse
an earlier decision and ac-
-cept .a. transmitter that is-
.today a powerful "voice of
America" in Southeast Asia.::
But we, lost the Vietnam
.war-.=And- a lot of people.
should have learned that.
broadcasts, leaflets dropped
from: -planes and other
"propaganda" cannot. make
.up for bad political and mili-
tarydecisions.
Bnt it seems people,neyer.
learn: The hostage crisis'in
Iran and the Soviet invasion.
of Afghanistan-have- pro-.f
voked- sillynew.cries that
everything would be OK if
we just_had more aggressive.
propaganda' from 'the Voice;
of America and from- other,
elements, of.'the .; Ititerna-:
tional Communications Ag-.
ency (ICA,foi'merly.USIA)..__-
Through nasty.,leaks that
seem to lead back to the staff
of natibtial ,security. adviser
Zbigniew: Brzezinski, the
"media are-being fed the-line
that the U.S. is-in trouble iii,
the Middle. East, Africa an
South As14WF1F~~?
ets have been out-broaddcast
Wing and outAying:the Voice
of America::
Ridder Newspapers quoted a
"White Mouse official" as
,criticizing ICA for putting
too much money into ex-
change programs, for not
having brvadcastto Iran in..
,Farsi-for almost two decades
prior,to the fall of the shah
-,,and criticizing ahe-Voice
of America for taking four
monthsto get Persian broad
casts-going after President
Carter ordered --.tYiem .. in .
December 1978., , , ..:.
'Leaks suddenly popped up
even in gossip .columns
-trying to make ICA aiidlits
director, John Rei'n-hardt
the villains of the Iran znd'-
Afghanistan debacles.'-
-White House sources told
me that the leaker..was-Paul.
Henze,. a Brzezinski aide
who formerly worked for-
the CIA and Radio Free Eu-
rope and is now the White
House expert on _foreign- ,
broadcasting-
Henze . told me that he did
not inspire the Vera Glaser
'article, and that he'doe?"nc~t
.share the view that the
'Voice of America ought to
move away from news and
;telling the truth to devote
more time to hard propa-
ganda.
"Once you abarld,otr-the--
truth you lose your. credit, ity, and then nobody lis-
tens," Henze said. ..
He told ine th'f fhe White'
been to get- VDA?to'change
fewer programs bean}ed -to
Southeast Asia and more'ta:
to'get mare powerful. trans-
'areas, with Sri Lanka a.possi-
No matter who is doing
for Mr. Carter'to remind
Soviet propaganda" is not re-
troubles in !ran and Afghap-.
by~the shah, arid. by:oceti"
Iran, and our broadcasts 6 1
that country, were all made-?
:.quate because U.S. officials
deferred to the wishes of the
shah and embraced the illu-
sion' that Iran was so safe
that such activities were un-,
necessary: - '
A former 1CA officer
wrote an article for the New
York Times in which he de-
plored the fact that, as the
hostage crisis developed in 1
Iran, "We didn't manufac-
ture a single slogan!"
Recent developments
prove that it is idiotic to sug-
gest that a few slogans
would have":changed the
minds- of the-Ayatollah
Khomeini, or Foreign Minis--
ter Sadegh Ghotbzadelt, or
the terrorists holding the:
hostages.
President Carter must im-,i
-press upon his aides that
even in times, of crisis
Americans will not, -in
panic, embrace totalitarian-
:ism and fascism. In testi-
'mony -before Congress re-'
Gently, Reinhardt said:
"This country does not need
should not want - a
propaganda agency. We do
not. need to trim'the truth
The power of our ideas,
the grandeur of our accoili=
plishments, speak for them-
selves." - f
What Mr. Carter must .
make clear-is whether Rein-
hardt or the anonymous- -
leaker speaks 'for this ad-
ministration,- STAT
ppants of our Whi-te House,
ease 2005/1'Il626u9(UAbtO5*f 64 000600090010-5
Out:,Jntetligerice slid.
 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901
OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS
At The Fourth National Convention...
NEW BOARD MEMBERS ELECTED, NEW OFFICERS APPOINTED
On October 1-2 delegates to the Fourth Annual AFIO Convention in Coronado, California elected new members to
the organization's Board of Directors, and the new Board appointed officers for 1978-79. The new AFIO President is
General Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC, (Ret.), who replaces Dick Stilwell. General Cushman has served as the 25th
Commandant of the Marine Corps and as Deputy Director of CIA. Mr. Don Huefner, formerly of CIA, was selected
as AFIO's new Vice President, to succeed Steve Hammond. Reappointed to their former positions were Anita
Potocki, Treasurer, and Frances Hoffmeier, Secretary.
The new Board of Directors consists of the following
old and new members:
Chairman, David Atlee Phillips
Executive Committee
General Richard G. Stilwell, USA Ret.
John S. Warner
Walter Pforzheimer
Members
Lieutenant General Marshall S. Carter, USA Ret.
William J. Casey
William E. Colby
Mrs. Helen Priest Deck
Lieutenant General Daniel 0. Graham, USA Ret.
Vice Admiral Frederick J. Harlfinger II, USN Ret.
Derek A. Lee
The Honorable Clare Boothe Luce
The Honorable John M. Maury
Lieutenant General W. Ray Peers, USA Ret.
Donald W. Perry
Stanton V. Phillips
Dr. Louis Tordella
Major General Harold E. Watson, USAF Ret.
Colonel George R. Weinbrenner, USAF Ret.
Speakers at the California reunion, the largest and
most successful AFIO gathering to date, included The
Honorable John Alex McCone, Congressman Bob
Wilson, Professor William Van Cleave, Admiral Ulysses
S. Grant Sharp, General Richard Stilwell, Lyman B.
Kirkpatrick, Jr., and Mr. John Warner, AFIO Legal
Advisor.
During the Convention the Board of Directors floored
the proposal that annual dues be increased from $10 to
$15 per annum. The assmbled delegates voted to make
the increase $20 due to AFIO's growing responsibilities
in the Congressional liaison area and because all dues
and donations to AFIO are now tax-deductible.
Delegates also ratified a decision by the AFIO Board
of Directors to join the newly formed Coalition of Peace
Through Strength. Two AFIO Board members, General
Dick Stilwell and Lieutenant General Danny Graham are
of Congress, from both major parties, on its rolls. These
elected representatives and the more than sixty
organizations comprising the Coalition hope to foster a
re-examination of what the U.S. defense posture
should be.
Local newspaper publicity and stories on AP and UPI
resulted from the conclave. The mayor of San Diego,
Pete Wilson, proffered a formal declaration to the con-
vention, naming October 1 and 2 as "Association of
Former Intelligence Officers' Days" in San Diego.
Congratulations are in order for Lee Echols, California
State Chairman, and the enthusiastic and hardworking
volunteers of the San Diego Chapter, under President
Don Perry, who made the convention such a success.
Also contributing were Col. Carl Eifler and his wife,
Margaret, who donated a fine painting which was
auctioned at the reunion.
The Honorable John Alex McCone, former
Director of Central Intelligence, was the
speaker at the final banquet of the 1978 AFIO
Convention.
-RDtA1Ih1L009MR)40069044025 a videotape
featuring speakers at the convention, and is
Copyright 1978, by Don L. Davis, as are th(
-- nn nnna-m I nnri 7_)
co-sponsors of t1~ 2T li' led iv0o~361tei Ffd ~sl 8 : Cl
to ensure an adequate defense posture. One of the
planks of the Coalition is the retention of a capable and
11 _,..,.,,,....,sh o.:nn -A ecrurity nAhilit in
 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00900 R000600090010-5
,uR 1Ci E :~-uI'i mil SATURDAY REVIEW
ON PAGE C - 3.February 1979
The Shocking Search fur an "liz it
by John Marts
Richard Helms, Sidney Gottlieb, Allen Dulles-Architects of the CIA's covert drug-testing program
The CIA's venture into control of human behavior-a systematic bugs, tapes, suicide pills, explosive sea shells, transmitters
program of testing LSD on unwitting Americans- began some hidden in false teeth, cameras in tobacco pouches, invisible
two decades ago; nevertheless, it remained buried in the agency's inks, and the like. In later years, these gadget wizards from
secrecy system until the Rockefeller Commission and the Church TSS would become known for supplying some of history's
Committee unearthed its general outlines in 1975. The news sto- more ridiculous landmarks, such as Howard Hunt's ill-fitting
Ties and headlines about these revelations, however, failed to satisfy red wig, but in the early days of the CIA, they gave promise
free!mce reporter John Marks; and he began a three-year search for of transforming the spy world.
the details that would flesh out the tale surrounding the CIA's Within TSS, there existed a chemical division with func-
mir_d-control programs. Through the Freedom. of Information Act, Lions that few others, even in TSS, knew about. These fienc-
he turned up srnr-e16,000 pages of CIA documents, most of which Lions concerned the use of chemicals (and germs) against
agency officials had not furnished to executive-branch or Senate specific people. From 1951 to 1956, the year when. the CIA's
investigators, and he continued by interviewing numerous people interest in LSD peaked, Sidney Gottlieb, a native of the Bronx
directly involved. Many of the CIA's secrets, he says, will always with a Ph.D. in chemistry from Cal Tech, headed this divi-
be jffiec"f ; 1y protected by some agency officers. But Marks himself sion. Only 33 years old when he took over the Chemical
succeeded in penetrating the shadowy intrigue that cloaked CIA Division, Gottlieb had nonetheless gained the respect of his
testing of mind-altering drugs. The story he was able to piece colleagues, who described him as willing to carry out, as one
together is presented here. ex-assodate puts it, the tough things that had to be done.'
At the top ranks of the Clandestine Services (officially
?' OR BETTER oawoRsE, LSD rune to America in 1949, when called the Directorate of Operations, but popularly known as
Ebe the counterculture generation that the drug eventually the "dirty tricks" department) Sid Gottlieb had a champion
0 symbolized was not even out of the nursery At the time, who appreciated his qualities-Richard Helms. For two dec-
the CIA and the military intelligence agencies were just set- ades, Gottlieb would move to progressively higher positions
ling out on their quest for drugs and other exotic methods to in the wake of HelmYs climb to the highest position in the
take possession of people's minds. The ancient desire to con- agency. Gottlieb was loyal, and he followed orders. Although
trol enemies through magical spells and potions had come many people lay in the chain of command between the two
alive again, and several offices within the CIA competed to men, Helms preferred to avoid bureaucratic niceties and deal
become the head controllers. directly with Gottlieb.
The agency's Technical Services Staff (TSS) was one of these On April 3, 1953, Helms proposed to CIA Director Allen
offices; at tee time, it was officially meant to be investigating Dulles that the agency set up a program under Gottlieb for .
the use of chemical and biological warfare (CBW) in covert 'covert use of biological and chemical materials.' Helms
operations. TSS ,Aspt/lle#tsiz~9`0861$CIAd~11~1~90Ef6QD~9P~l~' materials in'pres-
and Development unit of America's World War II spy agency, ent and future clandestine operations" and added that the
the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and its specialists fur- capabilities acquired would "enable us to defend ourselves
:_1- _a 1_-1. ........ a. ? C..- mss nno.ainnna? Falco nanQrc amino a fe who might not be as restrained in the use of
 STAT
Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R00060009001
WILMINGTON SUNDAY NEW JOURNAL (Da_".)
5 November 1978
By JOE TRENTO + , ` ' ? ~tKS 6i' s` were turned over. to `Justice as;
,A~
~ soon as Judge George-TH
t J
,
ar
r~
... ;. CopynghtiJ3br:ThoNews%JoumilCo.-- Si -q r unsealed ..the:=civil-_'cernnlaint
ent criminal misconduct of. high officials'.', of_Inter.:
national,,Telephone and Telegraph .C rp '
==~ charges of, fraud. and falsifying, company books are-;
-contained in-;volumitiousISEC..fiie`s: turned over. toy
Justice, according;to.officials..of.both;federal;agen?~
+.i.wAAVILLa&Lc..aALAI='. %;."aimku investigation-, Comes i? Jr, Ilr vice -president for_corps=
On
directly. .4n ,.the .heels Off a; federal-judge's orders rate relations: and -Robert' J.' Berl
ced tee
mer i
ez
-L
i
^_,.- a
. -..-
? ,..lane-:! _ ___
s s.
at
i !?lif7en
ga pst.I7 ;, he~i3a oc1!a~10tli jargestCO ore- . ca official wl is now,
.a" Loci
. . Angeles public relations :rriahagiz
i~That'
civi
om
l'c
plaiitt, charging ITT with tampefor thm corporation. Their trials
- -
sr g' with" its ; books': to hide'; almost ' $9;'milli
. y-;1-
n ;. are pendin
~,
g
L
o
. :forpigri.'payiiffs;, asks the court to order the dismiss, ~.' Leading -to? those-charges were,
t'
a
+
'
:
l
of alLITT
.~iaard,metnbers, including`?chairmaii plea bargaining deals with' Harold
1-;Harold S' G
e' Teen :~t~w `~ :. ? f: ? . a .,,.?, ? . V H d
'
+
f
. iY , r ? . s ,
. .F ,,t .S w
+ ? en r
so also worked fort
ITT on Latin tmer1ca,~andwithI
SEC;:says,te payoffs, :.}vhich
e e hidd
..
'UPnni
en & LUAU director:. -''~ ,i ..; ? ? ..~? r: cialIy 3 l)ure? if the case were
t .-t e'governxnent and tamperiri w`
ueL'nse
stockholders by v The Gerrity and Be-else . cases ' r
'the t ompa
le
li
k
e
u
a
ny
oo
sTh
s s unsiiceilii n
SEC also wants~ITr_fined-
essu;g - have?bec,,me entangled in nation-! =went tdU S. Su-
,'rd100,OQ0,for every dayit fails to give thie`coinmissio of bee
e Court
n+ al security. arguments
i,defails; o? bribery an Spain Italy,Beigiuai'and:wes%: . ; At thet Hai the seal'; not n `Iifted
d tail . a ~~ , .-: : , . ?.? request of the CIA, theA Justice! SEC s kes
~.. t~
i
?
Y
I
~ %
~
y:l
< +
man :
ti y.
?i
" ti
4 on said I
"
,i,~c a..;, -e ?` , ? ~:"~ j, J,vll +>1!,?l '-'t'?'~r *~~,~+: Ilepartment`is,withhokiin lnfor-`guess it would havebeenun rec!e-.}
SEC and Justice sources, say. the criminal roves, oration that ?Berellez's -la dentedfortli+' SEC.-The p `
ligation is focused on Geneen and members: of;hisi wyer!
, _ point is to'.i
to his client s- de_i Iet,shareholders know wheat, kind
'liand,pick eneenRracbine, whoarestill off!afense pa
of of trouble.their company r~tanap e-
cers of the multinational corpora-?
lion. A new -pre?sident~.Lymaa C. ,;,The national security irsforma_ 'inentiS iri:; iU 1
tion??includes. details of CIA` in-1 -,Larson:- said . that.while ?
reins as chi -11 ,
Eamilton Jr_,. tooic?.over the-ITT; voivement, in- payoffs b-ZTT' of( could have-b4.sued in the priva:,;f
reins efe?exeeutive.:officer :Chilean;politicians:.between..197O cyoLa--judge'schanmbe,. .
last December-, our
r
,and 1972, At first the payoffs re: is to get=the-'word of theirivestioa_.
Sources close: too tire; iavestigaw used to?. try'-to -'prevent. blarxi lion-: out-'amEng. stockholders so
tion and the -company.,. say. ,that -Salvation-AIleridefrom.b~cotnin they can act accordin
I-Iamilton is anxious?to shalre the gg~~ Sly.,'=
fPresidento?Chile, in 1970.;,I:ater-t Despite -i-e,ated. calls- to' ITT
problems and xious tcrea ke by..
the Geneen=Mackine~s tactics. the'i o ati'shows,. ITT. - offi= Friday; no.onein the public rela
One attorney-in-the SEC.t}facti s. feialsbribed membersof Aliende's, Lions - depariment:of-, the:-firm
the General':Counsel,,wlri dof fgovernmentto prevent the takes could be reached for comment -: -I
the ~of.- company ~ holdings:'-~int `^ Geneerrrai:sed.ITT from-a rela-~.,
cl'ined to be identified, said ITI' is. ChilteTco:-tbeChi1ean-te1e .h,one1 lively uniimsortant _e.?
offering t0+#ir Ceneert- and some P place zn- i
of his execatives.to settjett3e the SEC r-~mPany corporate--?arld ? to what mail
ixy..
complaints y ;, ' - ~ , -'The SEC` referred:-iixlireetTy to, :wall:Street-'analysts consider. t ae:
The',Iustlre piobeX_is.'--am ithose-bribes-. in its'corirplaimt~thisi mostlatggre,ssiye-~.iaternationaL'
matter;how+evesprobCsp kno er ;week: ITT collected $91.2 million} corporation thatahas;'ever doiie'a
Chiles Larson said Friday;-`" arr"r: %from the U.S. government's Overt business_ id
nc+t. in a . positianM:to: be~;abiet'ta~ ;seas.. Private;,-Investment -.Corp;. Last Christrn'as- Geiieeri stepped::
comment on whaf :vre :have or. after'Ailende-confiscated Chiitele.. down as the I.TT's cEiief executive'-
,
have not:.ttirne'.ovewe,- lie!3u - ;.Since' .ITI"s insuranee contracts at the age of 67 to be replaced
by ;
lice Iot z xried ove cast~.. `.with the government' said them Hamilton JTT,Sources told-Le_.i
rice Justice's spokesman=liobeit. (company wd-'rribune.
RV. rhr mncr vnttarhle these associations. according to CIA
 Approved For ReI O i Wil
-CIA-RDP91-009
Fhe. U-2, Guba, and th
STAT
1 n the still of the October night, the slender, birdlike plane threatening stance an
lifted into the sky from its base in California, climbed sharply Khrushchev ultimate].
on a column of flame, and headed east through the darkness. Pilot dismantled and returnee
Richard Heyser, in the cramped, tiny cockpit, had good reason to As the missile crisis
be apprehensive, but he had little time to worry. He was totally certainty, beyond any
occupied with the intricacies of navigation and with the exacting were indeed being ins
task of keeping his sleek aircraft aloft; for this plane was so shores. Kennedy was c
specialized, so refined, that in the rarefied atmosphere that was imposing a blockade-ii
its element it hung in the sky only tentatively, as if suspended contemplate the even graver risk o au
from a wisp of spider's silk. As the plane climbed above fifty against Cuba, an act that might well have brought Soviet
thousand feet it entered a critical altitude level called the retaliation. How could Kennedy have been so sure?
"chimney." Once in theehimney,if the pilot flew a shade too slow, Theanswerliesinasecret airplane flight an.dinthetechnology
the plane would go into a stall and a spin from which it would that made itpossible?atechnologyof spying developed underthe
never recover. If he flew a shade too fast, the fragile craft would aegis of the Central Intelligence Agency: This technology
come apart in mid-air. wrapped American spies in anew cloak, endingtheMata Hari era
For several hours the aircraft arrowed across the continent, and ushering in an age of optics and electronics. The technology
gradually climbing higher and higher into the chimney. Periodi- also gavethe U.S. an enormous intelligence-gathering advantage
cally the pilot adjusted his airspeed, for as the plane climbed, the over the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War. At times, as.
razor's edge between stall and disintegration grew ever finer, in the missile crisis, this intelligence allowed the U.S. to antic
sharper. Dawn came, then sunrise. Now the Gulf of Mexico ipate threatening moves by Russia. Equally important, the
shimmered below. intelligence also dispelled groundless fears about Russian milt.
The island came into view, tropical green rimmed by bright tary superiority. Giventhe touchy temperamentof thetimes,bad
sand beaches. The pilot flew south of the island to a predeter- the U.S. not possessed such intelligence, eventsmighthave taken
mined point in space, then turned back north. Pursuit might come an even more frightening turn.
at any time now, quick death slanting upward like an arrow. The development of sophisticated intelligence-gathering tools
There was a switch on a panel at his right hand. He had already began in the early 1950's, a time when the climate for such
thrown it from "off" to "stand by." Now as the plane passed high development was very favorable. For one thing, the President or
over the island's shore the pilot:looked into his drift sight, a the United States was a former general of the Army who had it
periscopelike device that peered through the belly of the plane. professional soldier's familiarity with photo aPIUC intelligence..
. .Then his hand moved once again to the switch on the panel... During World War II, aerial reconnaissancehad been carried out
by ordinary bombers and fighters stripped down and equipped
During a period of thirteen days in October, 1962, the United with cameras instead of guns. These unarmed planes were highly
States and the Soviet Union stood at the brink of war. In a vulnerable and extremely unpopular with their pilots, whose
confrontation over Russia's placing nuclear-tipped strategic motto could be paraphrased as: "Get your pictures and get your
missiles in Cuba, American aircraft, naval vessels, and assault tail out of there." The recon planes had to fly at low altitudes in
troopswentort alert and prepared forbattle,while in CubaSoviet turbulent air; since the cameras had no gyrostabilizing mech-
technicians rushed to complete the installation of missiles that anisms to cushion them against shock, the quality of the photo-
could reach almost any point in the United States. During the graphs was generally poor, and even the quantity of information
two-week crisis, Presideqt Ke edy estimated that the chance of was limited by the film, which had a thick, space-consuming
`BcY~~EISe{ff~slfn2~6E~ilts~3 : 6~Pb~c1$#7db6~0A's, V
armed conflict was "bet postwar analysis
-
that potentially catastrophic war did not occur. Kennedy took a- revealed that some 80 per cent of all useful military intelligence
 )7 ::PPEAiZ '1JApproved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-009
t .1: TILE NEW YOLK TIKES
22 September 1977
rco ics Bureau Is . Linked to
couriers ;so that documents could b
i stolen from them. .
Even after the death in 1953 of Fran
Olson, an Army scientist who develope
a psychotic reaction and committed su
cide after unwittingly drinking a gla
of liqueur containing LSD,. Dr.: Gottli
said that no additional safeguards we
provided. He explained that physicia
advising the agency had been unable
find any "absolute" connection betwe
the LSD and the suicide.
Senate investigators had hoped that
Gottlieb could describe the manner
which the drug tests were conducted, b
he told. the subcommittee today that,.
though he had visited the: apartmen
I maintained by the- intelligence-agency
WASHINGTON, Sept. 21-Dr. Sidney
Gottlieb, who supervised the Central In-
teliigence Agency's tests of drugs on un-
suspecting human subjects, told a Senate
subcommittee today that the old Federal
Bureau of Narcotics had cooperated in
the tests.
Dr. Gottlieb's testimony before the Sen-
ate Subcommittee on Health and Scientif-
jc Research was'the first to link the nar-
cotics bureau, since supplanted by the
Drug Enforcement Administration; direct-
ly:to drug testing. He said the ..bureau
had wanted to find out :whether.,secretly.
administered drugs could make potential
narcotics informers talk.
Former officials of the Bureau of Nat-
: cotics have denied knowing. anything-
about drug tests on unwitting subjects,
even though their agency shared under-
coVer apartments: with the -C.I.A. and
evert though one of their officials, the
.late George H. White using the -code
name Morgan Hall, ran the tests for the.
agency.
Drug'Agency Chief Shocked
By JO THOMAS
5pecls6 to The New York Timex
testified. today that his action had had
"nothing to do with covering up illegal
activities,'.' but was done, in part, because
"this material was sensitive and capable
of being misunderstood."
Dr. Gottlieb said. he had destroyed the
files on his own initiative and not, as
was- previously reported, under orders
from . Richard, Helms, then Director of
Central Intelligence. Mr. Helms testified
under oath in 1975 that he never ordered
the destruction of the drug records.
A document that came to light in
today's hearing indicated that Dry- Got-
tlieb's deputy had attempted to.stop the
destruction of these files. Asked. about:
this, Dr. Gottlieb replied, "I can't recall."_
Dr. Gottlieb said that at the time he
considered his work to be "extremely un-
pleasant, . extremely difficult, extremely
sensitive, but above all, to be extremely
urgent and important."
He said he believed that hostile coun-
tries were still attempting to administer
drugs covertly, and that "the final chap-
ter hasn't been written
To illustrate this point, he said he had
been asked in :"approximately- 1971" to
f
determine whether members of the staff
of President.Nixon,-including his p y
"Stormy, a.' code name-"for LSD de-'
veloped by Mr. ~ White, but that other
checks seemed'to have gone to the same
.people.
Speculation on Use
"The disbursements could have been
for the administration of drugs," Dr. Got-
tlieb conceded,. "but I'm not' persuaded
that they were."
Dr. Gottlieb destroyed the- documents
describing these experiments in 1972. He
"I was shocked and appalled such ac-
tivity did take place," Peter. Bensinger,
the drug agency administrator, told the
subcommittee later. "I can see no circum-
stances in which $uch .activity could be
justified:'
Dr. Gottlieb, who said ttiata health
problem made it difficult for him to testi-
fy.in the crowded'hearing room, . testified
in 'closed session, . and, his voice was
broadcast to reporters waiting - outside.
Testifying under, a grant of immunity
front prosecution, Dr. Gottlieb said that
from 20-to 50 persons had been made
the unwitting' subjects of C.I.A'in. drug ex-
periments from 1952 to 1965 houses
? and. apartments ,leased by the agency in
San.Franeisco and New York.City.
Questioning the numbers, Senator Ed-
ward M. Kennedy, Democrat of Massa=
ehusetts, the subcommittee chairman, ob-
served that more. than 200 payments had
been made in San ,Francisco alone: by
Morgan Hall, or Mr. White. He-said that
32 , of these checks bore the. notation
ity of their successfuh,and effective usea
either against its or by us, was very low.",
He said the drug experiments .contin-j
ued, however, even after it was clear that.
they were not very valuable,.and he.saidj
he would "freely adniit to bureaucratic;
inertia" in failing. to discontinue them:
Dr. Gottlieb said the leadership of thel
intelligence agency reviewed the drug)
testing programs-"at -least once:a year,"'
and added: "I specifically remember brief-
ing the directors of the-Central Intelli;
gence Agency." These; he- said," " were(
Allen W. Dulles, John' A McCone and,
Mr. Helms. - _ .r
Adm. Stansfield Turner,'. the current]
Director of Central. Intelligence, assured I
members of. the Senate subcommitteel
today that no unwitting drug.testing has]
been sponsored by the agency since 1964.1
"This is history," he said.
"I don't know how many times we've/
been told - these progroms have ?beenu
turned off only to have them spring up'
again; enator Kennedy'told him
The Senator-and-other subcommittee
members questioned Admiral .:Turner/
about his Aug. 3 testimony- in which he
said the agency did not test drugs on ;`
human subjects in: Project Often;- which
was coordinated with the Department.of
the. Army before it was terminated..in
1973.
Committee members referred to a Sept
20 memorandum for the Secretary of De-
'fense which: described. C.I.A.. sponsorship
of tests of an incapitating drug that the
agency thought. coal be applied: through
the. skin. with adhesive. tape: ASlthough.
most of the tests were performed on, aril-=
coals, the memorandum noted;. ?t-0: mill=
tary vohmteers:wera tested in?.7une 1973:
at Edgewood Arsenal research laborato
ties.
Adm. Turner told the subcommittee he,
believed that test had been sponsored by-
the Departmental theArmy: Deanne C..
iemer, general counsel- far, the Depart?
meat of Defense, told' members; of -the
;subcommittee she believed the test had
been sponsored by the-intelligence a9en-
o
w re.n i
l
cerned, such. R~Navk4 rah uReLciesw 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000600090010-5
was .a reasonable one to take.":..., ;- -
Dr. Gott:V4b? testified that-the. agency
had -been /concerned about "well-docu
Risk Called Reasonable
Dr: Gottlieb told the subcommittee that
there was "no advance knowledge. or
protection'.' of the people-who were un-
knowingly given drugs, which he identi-
fied as LSD and Meretran.._.
"Harsh as it may seem in retrospect"
he said, `?.it was felt that in an issue
survival 'aht be -con-
i
 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CI, _rff9P91-00901
WASHING T Oil ' a 44 -U 28 JULY 1977
Q
YOUR FRIENDLY
NEIGHBORHOOD
SPOOK: Remember when
the CIA operated in a
trenchcoated cloud of
anonymity? 'Well, the
organization is now so-far
out of the secrecy closet
that Charles "Chuck"
Carlson, the CIA chief
here, is not only a member
of the Downtown Kiwanis
Club, -tie's its President-
elect I
Related Caenecdote:
Shortly after John McCone
. had. been named head of the
CIA by John F. Kennedy, he
came into Alexis' restaurant.
on- Nob Hill and was. told'.
there'd be a 30-minute wait:.,
When, a local friend com
plained." to` 'the,: bartender,
'That's a disgrace --, why...
Mr.,; McCone = is the now
head of the CIA!," the bar
man shrugged; -."Mr Alexis `
is not too fond of labor
ions"
Approved Eor Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000600090010-5
STAT
 Approved For Releases,2O0St;''1-/28T: t'FA-RDP91-00
er GC~t"ernment st`:':ng and harassinrnt Cy o icalS named def rdantS In '.. suit
are the basis for more than Si hilhr,n brought by Grove Press Inc. '[h:?-case
in damage claims from individuals who l involves the agency's Operation C..AOS
rserting that' to tither information on political ci.ssert-
?tIw'e filed 13 Gila suits
their rights s; ere violated, t e General' ers.
Office reports. ` The former intehi;ante directors, for-
tin
g
Aceczun
The orrice, an i I ?, f ;: , .;
President Kennedy .r.ecruited ` ' '
:)avid Rockefeller, .chairman' of charges are "of an apparent
d
I
l
"
ing to A
nature,
accor
Chase Ifwihattan Bank'; I ct urina
fred L. Hantman, chief of general
the -Business Group .for Lati 1 crimes in the Justice Depart
phone , and Telegraph, . C eneral
Tire, Cerro Copper and Anglo-
Laut.aro Nitrate Mines to prevent
expropriation by the Chilean gov-
ernment out of S-9 million by eel
Ieeting insurance after paying
bribes to Allende officials, in di-
rest violation of the Overseas Pri-
vate Investment Organization
insurance .policy ITT collected
from the U:S. government."
Even today the military junta
running Chile has upper-echelon
`civilians accenting )tribes from
ands .were funneled into Jesuit-` j basis.
lad Catholic 'groups ,in order: 'to t The Senate Select Committee
fight "layicism. (sic);. Protestan= on Intelligence "covered up these
than and Communism;' and to as- crimes and lied to the American
sist in, the election of -President people in order to protect the
Kennedy-supported, candidates in l: memories of Presidents Kennedy.
Chile." and Johnson."
:_FJ Uniferorder's from.President i1 , The Sunday News Journal at-
-John F.= Kennedy,' "tens of mil- tempted to reach all institutions,
lions- of. dollars of 1960,Chilean corporations and individuals in-r
earthquake relief.funda were di-l-volved in Korry's allegations.'-In
verted into the Jesuit-led Catholic'i some cases comment was refused,
groups for domestic. political ac-;outright denials'of the allegations
tivity in Chile."'. 1;,?; .. ' were issued or Korry's charges
1 Z2ie ,CIA .had high: Chilean vvere in part or wholly confirmed.
ministers on its payroll during the >a ., .
the Christian Democratic presi--I "It was only after the commit- and only.on his knowledge about
offered Frei technical assistance
and CIA -funds in :building his po-'
litical party. along Kennedy-like
grassroots lines and- to restructure ' . that American intervention in Chi 1976, Korrv testified for 6Yi hours
the Chilean executive govern- lean affairs did not start with the ' before staff members, but Korry
ntent, . , ... Apord A 2005/11/28 '-C#Pr [ 9T1CT09CAI'0RF) I' t 1,?l- t7
of the ;n?'rt
sF i III t Ill it
to bE ~'~~ E ul tF
i. ht' -. NT.: E'rt c.S 'tit: IFt c` drug
shol'.td ii :eirett r, 7i - r ..able. tl:e
report sold_ but tbs. C;ri .t Taint- do not
t cihec lrr:ha-'e .a
reveal
a aaityy tde
at. tort iho nil-- 'It.1.. c-'''ii ant'etr -`R1l
l'i(.I, its ' et' Ytrt , - t?I - l r.
teed' iTIIF, u.i,.11
tvitllrettt !tic ':rtr,s.?'.-