MEETING OUR NATION'S RESOURCE NEEDS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00965R000200040041-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 19, 2001
• Sequence Number: 41
• Publication Date: August 17, 1959
• Content Type: OPEN

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(Not printed at Government expense)
United States
of America
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PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 86th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
Meeting Our Nation's Resource Needs
SPEECH
OF
HON. JAMES E. MURRAY
OF MONTANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, August 17, 1959
Mr. MURRAY, Mr. President, I am
today introducing a bill designated as the
-Resources and Conservation Act of 1960.
It is gratifying that so many Senators
have already joined as cosponsors. Be-
cause I have received additional ex-
pressions of interest from Senators who
have not had time to examine the bill,
I ask that it lie on the desk for 3 days
to permit additional Senators to join
as cosponsors.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be received and appropriately re-
ferred; and, without objection, the bill
will lie on the desk for 3 days, as re-
quested by the Senator from Montana.
The bill (S. 2549) to declare a national
policy on conservation, development, and
utilization of natural resources, and for
other purposes, introduced by Mr. MUR
RAY (for himself and Senators BARTLETT,
BIBLE, BYRD of West Virginia, CANNON,
CARROLL, CHURCH, CLARK, DODD, DOUGLAS,
ENGLE, GRUENING, HART, HENNINGS,
HUMPHREY, JOHNSON of Texas, LANGER,
MAGNUSON, MANSFIELD, MCCARTHY, MC-
GEE, MORSE, Moss, NEUBERGER, RANDOLPH,
SPARKMAN, SYMINGTON, YARBOROUGH, and
YOUNG of North Dakota) was received,
read twice-by its title, and referred to the
Committee on Interior and Insular Af-
fairs.
Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, this
proposed legislation is directed to keep-
ing development and conservation of na-
tural resources at a level commensurate
with the needs of the Nation. There is
urgent need for such legislation because
all aspects of natural resource programs
lag far behind the requirements for them.
With respect to some resources, our con-
dition is critical, and underdevelopment
of virtually all resources threatens the
national security and the welfare and
prosperity of the Nation.
This critical condition exists not be-
cause of a lack of resources, but because
of a lack of attention and action. In
the United States, even after the drain
of two World Wars, we still are blessed
with abundance of virtually all of the
basic raw materials we need. Within
523592-72187
our borders, there are still forests and
rangelands, fertile farms, minerals,
fuels, and the waters of our rivers and
lakes. Properly developed and wisely
conserved, these natural resources can
be adequate for a growing population
and for an expanded economy.
The present problem and the impend-
ing crisis are due not to scarcity but
to neglect, underdevelopment, and de-
spoilment. For too many years we have
avoided resource problems and denied
our responsibility as steward of the na-
tional resources wealth. For the past 7
years, the administration has been look-
ing the other way and living by the
rule of "no new starts" no matter how
urgently they were needed. While nat-
ural resource programs have been sus-
pended, natural resources have been dis-
sipated. The administration's policy of
"no new starts" represents lost income
and lost production and, most serious of
all, it represents lost time and lost op-
portunities that may never be regained.
Even a brief review of natural resource
programs reveals neglect and deficiency.
Take, for example, water resource devel-
opment, which everyone recognizes as
an indispensable requirement. The De-
partment of Commerce recently has re-
ported that, in order to keep up with re-
quirements, Federal water resource ex-
penditures of at least $50 billion are
needed in the next 15 years. In contrast
with this need, actual Federal expendi-
tures for water resources are barely $1
billion a year. Thus, we are doing less
than a third of this essential water re-
sources job. Current Federal budgets for
these activities provide for hardly one-
half as much work as was provided in
1950. In that year, the expenditures for
water resource activities were 21/2 percent
of the total budget, but in 1960 they are
only 11/2 percent of the budget. This is
the evidence of the neglect that I men-
tioned.
Let us look briefly at forest resources,
especially those within national forests
for which there is express Federal re-
sponsibility. A recent report of the Sec-
retary of Agriculture estimates that na-
tional forests need over $11/2 billion of
improvement work. This is the cost of
facilities for timber management, fire
protection, recreation, and like programs
to protect the forests and to make them
usable. Responsive to congressional
urging, a start has been made on the
program for the national forests, but
it is a saddeningly slow start. This is the
lost time and lost opportunities that I
mentioned.
In the field of soil and moisture' con-
servation, 2 million farmers and ranch-
ers cooperate in the program, but hardly
one-fourth of the needed treatments
have been installed to protect the half-
billion acres of agricultural land. In
addition, there are over 6,000 small
watersheds that need conservation treat-
ment, but work has been started on only
3 percent of them.
Each year sees our streams and rivers
increasingly loaded with pollution, the
quality of their water degraded below
tolerable limits, and their burden of
waste materials clogging sanitation
plants or washed up on the shores of
parks and beaches. Sewage plants are
needed to handle the waste discharge
of 48 million people, and it will cost $41/2
billion to build them, but the Federal
budget for this is only $30 million per
year. Municipalities spend 10 times as
much as the amount of the Federal con-
tribution for pollution control; but, al-
though this is a severe burden on local
finances, it is far short of keeping up
with municipal growth.
So we might inventory each of the
other natural resources-minerals, hy-
droelectric power, recreation, and wild-
life. For each of them, the sad story is
the same-too little, too late.
The neglect and deficiencies of the
Federal activities are doubly hurtful be-
cause, to a major degree, Federal pro-
grams pace the non-Federal activities.
When Federal programs are delayed and
deficient, State and private activities fall
behind. The pollution of the Potomac
River at the very steps of the Capitol is
an example. With timely and appro-
priate Federal assistance, the States, the
municipalities, and the industries might
have minimized the problem largely by
their own efforts. Lacking Federal en-
couragement and initiative, control of
Potomac River pollution has been so long
delayed that its cure may not be possible
within the foreseeable future.
In conservation and development of
most of the natural resources, the Fed-
eral Government has participated joint-
ly with States and private interests.
This has been true for reclamation, rural
electrification, soil conservation, and
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wildlife management almost from their
start. The past half century has clearly
established thet the Federal responsi-
bility to provide for the national se-
curity and to promote the general wel-
fare includes conservation and develop-
ment of natural resources. To this end,
the Congress seeks to assist and work
in concert with the States and local gov-
ernments and private interests. But In
meeting this responsibility, how well do
we now measure up to the forward-
looking stan4a;rds set by the Senate in
1807 when it instituted an inquiry Into
the improvement of inland waterways?
I fear that we may not measure up
very well.
On this question, let us again exam-
ine water resources: Between now and
1975, about $50 billion will have to be
spent for plant and equipment to pro-
vide water and sewage services to the
growing urban population. The consen-
sus is that municipalities do not have
the financial resources to raise any such
amount of money. We know, for exam-
ple, that since 1952, State and local
government debt has increased 100 per-
cent, and there is very little leeway un-
der State constitutions to issue bonds
in the amounts needed- for such a huge
program. How, then, will the job get
done, to whom will they turn, and what
sort of assistance might be available?
Comparable questions face us for all of
the natural resources-how much needs
to be done by the Federal, State, local
governments, and by private industry?
What means do they have for accom-
plishing their share of the total job, and
what forms of assistance can most effec-
tively be provided?
In 1945, w]lfn millions of men and
women were . released from the Armed
Forces and when production of arms
and munitiols released more millions of
workers, we faced grave and complex
problems of how 60 million workers
could find joj5, and how the economy
could finance such expansion of peace-
time production. At that time, it was
my privilege, oined by the Senator from
Wyoming LMr. O'MAHONEYI, former
Senator Wagner, and former Senator
Thomas, of Utah, to introduce Senate
bill 380 of the 79th Congress, and on
February 20, 1946, to see it enacted as
the Employment Act of 1946.
The measure that I have introduced
today, the Resources and Conservation
Act of 1960, is comparable in form and
structure with the Employment Act, It
seeks for natural resources answers to
problems comparable with the employ-
ment and economic problems dealt with
in the 1946 act. Our experience with
that act assures that the method is
workable. It demonstrates that the
combination of the Council of Economic
Advisers In the White House and the
joint committee in the Congress can
be effective ih developing answers for
complex prob~ieins of national concern,
and that the combination is effective in
implementing` the answers with legisla-
tive and executive action.
Even with the advantage of the 1946
act as a model for this one, it is far
from being the final form. Many im-
523592-72187
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
provemerits will be made in the bill as
a result of hearings and committee dis-
cussions. I hope that there will be full
hearings, including field hearings.
These should bring to the committee the
thinking of all interests concerned in
natural resource conservation and de-
velopment. What we are striving for, in
my view, is to establish a permanent
mechanism in Government that will
give continuous attention to the entire
range of natural resources, and that
will pert xlically advise the President
and the Congress what is needed and
how to attain it.
Recent sessions of Congress have gen-
erated a :cries of commissions and com-
mittees to evaluate and recommend re-
garding certain natural resource prob-
lems. Outstanding among these special
bodies is the Commission on Outdoor
Recreational Resources and the Select
Committee on National Water Resources.
These two bodies are marked by the
high caliter of their distinguished mem-
bership. Their reports will, I am con-
fident, contribute significantly to un-
derstanding of the subjects.
These recent special bodies unfor-
tunately are limited, as were ones that
preceded them-the Paley Commission
and the Cooke Commission, These two
commissions are, in my judgment, out-
standing in delineating the problems and
In pointing to the solutions for major
natural resource problems. They have
inaugurated a new era in public policy
on natural resources. Unfortunately,
the Paley Commission and the Cooke
Commission, like the Hoover Commis-
sions and other previous and current re-
source conurilssions, are transitory.
Their reports, containing much sound
thinking and meritorious proposals, all
too soon became library items rather
than charters of action. Our experience
with commission reports is that they gen-
erate very-little action after the dissolu-
tion of the commission that authored
them.
In contrast, the Council of Economic
Advisers and the Joint Economic Com-
mittee are continuing arms of Govern-
ment. Neither of them administer any
programs; they do not issue regulations
or operate facilities. They are effective
because, in the executive branch and in
the Congress, there are continuing expert
bodies that appraise, evaluate, and rec-
ommend. The importance of this Is
exemplified by the valuable contributions
and leadeiship provided by the Joint Eco-
nomic Committee.
Faced with the same kind of grave and
complex questions in all of our natural
resources, we need similar continuing
bodies In the Congress and in the execu-
tive branch. It is important for us to
recognize that the grave and complex re-
source problems facing us now will con-
tinue to face us for a long time,
This need for continuing appraisal of
natural resource conditions and prob-
lems was recognized in the reports of the
special commissions just mentioned.
Mr. William S. Paley has called to my
attention the final recommendation of
the President's Materials Policy Commis-
sion of which he was Chairman:
That the National Security Resources
Board be directed, and provided with ade-
quate funds, to collect in one place the
facts, analyses, and program plans of other
agencies on materials and energy problems
and related technological and special secu-
rity problems; to evaluate materials programs
and policies in all these fields; to recom-
mend appropriate action for the guidance
of the President, the Congress, and the execu-
tive agencies; and to report annually to the
President on the long-term outlook for ma-
terials with emphasis on significant new
problems that emerge, major changes in out-
look, and modifications of policy or pro-
gram that appear necessary.
Although this recommendation was
deficient in provision for congressional
participation, its general objectives par-
allels closely the purpose of the proposed
Resources and Conservation Act.
This recommendation carries weight
because of the high competence of the
Materials Policy Commission and the ac-
knowledged excellence of the report.
The bill that I have introduced, in many
respects, has the same objectives as this
commission proposal.
These considerations are important
now because the United States is on the
threshold of enormous population and
economic growth. All Senators, I am
sure, are familiar with the estimates of
a 25-percent increase in population dur-
ing the next 15 years, a 60-percent in-
crease in gross national product, and a
100-percent increase in the index of
manufactures, I shall not elaborate on
these forecasts other than to express my
belief that they are too conservative, that
national growth actually will exceed these
estimates. Whatever figures are chosen,
it is plain that, in the years ahead, the
requirements for resources and the pres-
sures on them will continue to amount,
that competition for all resources will
intensify, and that there will be increas-
ing need for examination, appraisal, and
recommendations of the Resources and
Conservation Council and joint commit-
tee.
In the face of this increasing require-
ment for, and pressure on, natural re-
sources, I am not fearful that we shall
fail to meet the Nation's needs. Cer-
tainly the United States will have the
economic and financial ability for the
tasks involved, and we have the skills
and competence.
We have learned, however, that there
are two other essential elements. One
of these is that our action must be
timely-if we overlook or delay needed
measures we may greatly increase the
problems, or even defeat the possibility
of their solution. The continuing ap-
praisal and the periodic reports of the
joint committee will assure such timely
attention.
The other essential element is that our
actions must be considered ones-in
dealing with natural resources, our ac-
tions must take account of the close in-
terrelations and interdependence of all
of the resources. Utilization of timber
or water or mineral resources affects
many other uses; often recreation and
wildlife values may be either enhanced
or destroyed depending on how other re-
sources are handled. In some cases, a
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careful appraisal may show that .pre-
servation of certain resources yields
greater benefits than would their exploi-
tation.
Recognizing the interrelationships of
the various factors, this proposed legis-
lation provides that all resources shall be
considered in the findings and recom-
mendations of the Council and Joint
Committee. This becomes increasingly
important as requirements increase and
as pressures mount. With that certain
prospect, it becomes ever more essential
that all resources be considered in their
relations to each other as well as to the
economy as a whole.
These very matters are recognized in
the 1959 Joint Economic Report. I com-
mend the Joint Economic Committee
and its distinguished chairman [Mr.
DOUGLAS] for the cogent and well-
founded comment in the report. Most
especially, I commend and endorse the
statement of the Joint Economic Com-
mittee that it would be fiscally irre-
sponsible to refuse, on budget-balancing
considerations, to increase Federal out-
lays on developing our natural resources.
Fn order that this excellent statement on
"Developing Resources" may be available
to Senators, I ask unanimous consent
that it be printed at the conclusion of
my remarks.
Mr. President, I have touched on
many points, but much more consider-
ation of them is necessary because of
the tremendous importance of natural
resources to the welfare and prosperity
of the Nation and to the national se-
curity. In order that Senators may
have ready access to the matter, I ask
unanimous consent that the text of the
bill and the explanatory statement be
printed at the conclusion of my re-
marks.
There being no objection, the excerpt,
text of bill, and explanation were or-
dered to be printed in the RECORD, as fol-
lows:
DEVELOPING RESOURCES
(Excerpt from 1959 Joint Economic Report-
Report of the Joint Economic Commit-
tee, Congress of the United States-S. Rept.
98, 86th Cong., 1st sess.)
Federal programs to expand the Nation's
natural resource base should be carefully
reviewed in the light of the future demands
of an expanding economy. As the Subcom-
mittee on Fiscal Policy observed in its re-
port, "Federal Expenditure Policies for Eco-
nomic Growth and Stability":
"Such programs long ago were established
as appropriate activities of the Federal Gov-
ernment where their objective is to eliminate
barriers or to provide the stimulus for fuller,
more effective resource use and where the
means required for realizing these objectives
exceed the financial capacity of immediate
beneficiaries. Whether any specific project
is to be undertaken * * * should be deter-
mined by appraisal of measurable economic
benefits in comparison with the project's
cost."
Following this principle precludes, except
under extraordinary circumstances, a flat
proscription, such as that in the budget for
fiscal 1960, of any new starts in this area.
What is called for, instead, is the closest
possible examination of present and pros-
pective programs to determine those prom-
ising the greatest net yields. If the results
of such a survey call for increasing Federal
outlays on developing our natural resources,
it would be fiscally irresponsible to refuse
523592-72187
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 3
their undertaking on the basis of narrow Council shall be composed of three mem-
budget-balancing considerations. bers who shall be appointed by the Presi-
At the present time, moreover, there are dent, by and with the advice and consent
numerous opportunities for expansion of of the Senate, and each of whom shall be
economically sound natural resource devel- a person who, as a result of his training,
opment and public works projects in areas experience, and attainments,- is exception-
of high and persistent unemployment, ally qualified to analyze and interpret na-
These projects can serve the dual purpose tural resource policy, to appraise programs
of improving the conditions for longrun and activities of the Government in the
economic growth and of spurring recovery light of the policy declared in section 2,
over the next 18 months. and to formulate and recommend national
resource policy to promote conservation,
A BILL To DECLARE A NATIONAL POLICY ON development, and utilization of natural re-
CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILI- sources. Each member of the Council shall
ZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES, AND FOR receive compensation at the rate of $
OTHER PURPOSES nel' annum 'rho v,..,raa,.,.+ .s...., -._.__,__
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled,
SHORT TITLE
SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the
"Resources and Conservation Act of 1960."
DECLARATION POLICY
SEC. 2. The Congress hereby declares that
it is the continuing policy and responsibil-
ity of the Federal Government with . the
assistance and cooperation of industry, ag-
riculture, labor, conservationsists, State and
local governments, and private property
owners, to use all practicable means includ-
ing coordination and utilization of all its
plans, functions, and facilities, for the pur-
pose of creating and maintaining, in a man-
ner caculated to foster and promote the
general welfare, conditions under which
there will be conservation, development,
and utilization of the natural resources of
the Nation to meet human, economic, and
national defense requirements, including
recreational, wildlife, scenic, and scientific
values and the enhancement of the national
heritage for future generations.
RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION REPORT OF THE
PRESIDENT
SEC. 8. (a) The President shall transmit
to the Congress not later than January 20
of each year (commencing with the year
following enactment of this Act) a con-
servation report (hereinafter called the
"Resources and Conservation Report") set-
ting forth (1) the condition of the soil,
water, forest, grazing, wildlife, recreational,
and other natural resources with particular
reference to attainment of multiple pur-
pose use; (2) current and foreseeable trends
in management and utilization of the afore-
said natural resources; (3) the adequacy of
available natural resources for fulfilling
human and economic requirements of the
Nation; (4) a review of the conservation
programs and activities- of the Federal
Government, the State and local govern-
ments; and nongovernmental entities and
individuals with particular reference to
their effect on full conservation, develop-
ment, and utilization of natural resources;
(5) a program for carrying out the policy
declared in section 2, together with such
recommendations for legislation as he may
deem necessary or desirable.
(b) The President may transmit from
time to time to the Congress reports sup-
plementary to the Resources and Conserva-
tion Reports, each of which shall include
such supplementary or revised recommen-
dations as he may deem nece
ssary or- de- such representatives of industry, agricul-
sirable to achieve the policy declared in sec- ture, labor, conservationists, State and local
Lion 2.
government, and other groups, as it deems
(c) The Resources and Conservation Re- advisable;
port, and all supplementary reports trans- (2) the Council shall, to the fullest ex-
mitted under subsection (b), shall, when tent possible, utilize the services, facilities,
transmitted to Congress, be referred to the and information (including statistical infor-
joint committee created by section 5. mation) of other Government agencies as
COUNCIL OF RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION AD- well as of private research agencies, in order
VISERS TO THE PRESIDENT that duplication of effort and expense may
SEC. 4. (a) There is hereby created in the be avoided.
Executive Office of the President a Council - (f) To enable the Council to exercise its
of Resources and Conservation Advisers powers, functions, and duties under this Act, .
(hereinafter called the "Council"). The there are authorized to be appropriated (ex-
one or the members of the Council as
Chairman and one as Vice Chairman, who
shall act as Chairman in the absence of
the Chairman.
(b) The Council is authorized to em-
ploy, and fix the compensation of, such
specialists and other experts as may be
necessary for the carrying out of its func-
tions under this Act, without regard to the
civil service laws and the Classification Act
of 1923, as amended, and is authorized, sub-
ject, to the civil service laws, to employ
such other officers and employees as may
be necessary for carrying out its functions
under this Act, and fix their compensation
in accordance with the Classification Act
of 1923, as amended.
(c) It shall be the duty and function of the
Council-
(1) to assist and advise the President in
the preparation of the Resources and Con-
servation Report;
(2) to gather timely and authoritative
information concerning natural resource
conservation and development trends, both
current and prospective, to analyze and in-
terpret such information in the light of the
policy declared in section 2 for the purpose
of determining whether such development
and trends are interfering, or are likely to
interfere, with the achievement of such
policy, and to compile and submit to the
President studies relating to such develop-
ment and trends;
(3) to appraise the various programs and
activities of the Federal Government in the
light of the policy declared in section 2 for
the purpose of determining the extent to
which such programs and activities are
contributing, and the extent to which they
are not contributing, to the achievement of
such policy, and to make recommendations
to the President with respect thereto;
(4) to develop and recommend to the
President national policies to foster and
promote conservation, development, and
utilization of the natural resources of the
.Nation-to meet-human and economic require-
ments, including recreational, wildlife, and
scenic values.
. (5) to make and furnish such studies, re-
ports thereon, and recommendations with
respect to matters of Federal resource policy
and legislation as the President may request.
(d) The Council shall make an annual
report to the President in December of each
year.
(e) In exercising its powers, functions, and
duties under this Act-
(1) the Council may constitute such ad-
visory committees and may consult with
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4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
cept for the salaries of the members and the vide for the common defense and general Section 5: The Joint Committee on Re-
salaries of officers and employees of the welfare." Policy is explicitly stated In some sources and Conservation is constituted of
Council) such sums as may be necessary. of the many acts dealing with natural re- eight Members of the Senate and eight Mem-
For the salaries of the members and the sal- sources, such as the 1935 Soil and Moisture bers of the House of Representatives, with
aries of officers and employees of the Coun- Conservation Act, and the 1936 Flood Control party representation proportional to the ma-
cil, there is authorized to be appropriated Act. Hundreds of other acts, by their very jority and minority parties in the Senate and
not exceeding $ In the aggregate for nature and by their administration over the House of Representatives respectively.
each fiscal year, many years, constitute a national policy on This joint committee makes continuing
JOINT COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES AND natural resources. This body of policy In Its study of the Resources and Conservation Re-
CONSERVATION general application is summarized In section port of the President, and of other means of
2 of the bill. coordinating resources and conservation pro-
SEC. 5. (a) There is hereby established a Four Important principles are stated In grams in furtherance of the policies stated
Joint Commitlco on Resources and Conser- the policy. One of these Is that there is a In section 2. Annually, the joint committee
vatlon, to be cprffposed of eight Members of Federal responsibility and concern in the reports to the Senate and the House of Rep-
the Senate, to` be appointed by the Presi- conservation. development, and utill?Rtlon reeentatives its findings on the recommenda-
dent of the Senate, and eight Members of of natural resources which are means of tions of the President and on such other re-
the House of Representatives, to be appoint- providing for the general welfare and the na- sources and conservation matters as it deems
ed by the Speaker of the House of Repre- tional defense. A second principle Is that the advisable. The joint committee may hold
sentatives. The party representation on the general program for natural resources will hearings, and It may employ experts, con-
joint committee shall as nearly as may be be developed in cooperation with State and sultants, and other staff.
feasible to reflect the relative membership of local governments, and citizens, and with in- The joint committee is advisory to the
the majority and minority parties in the dustry, agriculture, labor, conservationists, Senate and the House of Representatives. It
Senate and House of Representatives. and privat3 property owners. A third princf- has no legislative functions, these remaining
(b) It shall be the function of the joint pie Is that the objectives of conservation, de- the responsibilities of the established stand-
committee- velopment. and utilization are to meet hu- lag committees.
(1) to make a continuing study of matters man, economic, and national defense require-
relating to the Resources and Conservation menus, including those for recreational, wild- Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, will the
Report; life. scientific, and scenic values, along with Senator yield?
(2) to study means of coordinating pro- recognition of our obligations to preserve Mr. MURRAY. I yield,
grams in order to further the policy of this the natural resources inheritance for future
Act; and generations. A fourth principle Is that the Mr. McGEE. I commend to the atten-
(3) as a guide to the several committees Federal concern with natural resources per- tion of my colleagues in the Senate the
of the Congress dealing with legislation re- vades its manifold activities and requires Importance of the measure which the
lating to the Resources and Conservation their coordination In relation to natural re- senior Senator from Montana is intro-
Report, not later than May 1 of each year sources. ducing.
(beginning with the year following the en- Section 3: The Resources and Conserva- At a time when we in America are con-
actment of the Act) to file a report with the tion Repot of the President will be an an-
Senate and the House of Representatives nual appraisal of the condition of natural corned about the economic growth of our
containing its findings and recommendations resources, and the progress in their conserva- country, we might well undertake this
with respect to each of the main recom- tion, development, and utilization. It will study of the promotion of the conserva-
mendations made by the President in the also bring to focus the problems and the tion of all the Nation's resources. I be-
Resources and Conservation Report, and needed acaon. with recommendations in the lieve that America outran the rest of the
from time to time to make such other reports light of current and foreseeable future trends world about 65 or 70 years ago by reason
and recommendations to the Senate and of management and utilization. This annual of our rapid accumulation of surplus cap-
House of Representatives as it deems ad- review will take account of the programs Ital. The reason for that surplus of capi-
visable. and activities of the Federal Government,
(c) Vacancies In the membership of the and also those of the State and local gov- tal, which turned out to be the difference
joint committee shall not affect the power ernments and nongovernmental entitles and between our economic growth and that of
of the remaining members to execute the individuals. The report deals with all of our competitors around the world, was
functions of the joint committee, and shall the natu?ai resources-soil, water, forest, the great abundance of American re-
be filled In the same manner as In the case grazing, mineral, wildlife, and recreational sources. These resources were used to
of the original selection. The joint com- resources--thus providing an integrated basis the full benefit of the entire Nation.
mittee shall select a chairman and a vice for interrelated programs and objectives. I suggest, 117 pursuit of the proposal of
chairman from among its members. The Resources and Conservation Report 1s
(d) The joint committee, or any duty au- the vehicle by which the President advises the senior Senator from Montana today,
thorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized the Congress and the public of the views and that the time has come when our country
to hold such hearings as it deems advisable, recommer datlons of the executive branch can turn again to the development of
and, within the limitations of its a.ppropria_ on overall resources and conservation mat- our resources as the provider and creator
ters. Beleg an annual report, it can reflect
tions, the joint committee Is empowered to of a new surplus capital which will en-
appoint and fix the compensation of such current and changing conditions and con-
experts, cr nts, technicians, and clerl- cents. able us to maintain the pace which the
cal and stenographic assistants, to procure In addition, the President may make sup- burdens of world leadership now require.
such printing and binding, and to make such plementa- y reports or revised recommenda- We cannot do this with "no new
expenditures, as it deems necessary and ad- tions as he deems appropriate. starts," or without an understanding of
visable. The cost of stenographic services Section 4: A Council of three resources the slow processes of developing new re-
to report hearings of the joint committee, or and conservation advisors will advise and as- sources, We do not bring in new re-
sist the President in the development of the
twenty-five subcommper ittee thereof, ordshas.l not The jexceed comprehensive overall appraisal of natural sources overnight. We do not bring in
hundred wa oint
committee is authorized to utilize the serv- resource programs and problems and in. the new resources because of an act of Con-
ices, information, and facilities of the de- formulation of his recommendations. The gr'ess. We bring them in only through
partments and establishments of the Gov- advisors 8111 be appointed by the President, foresight and careful planning.
ernment. and also of private research subject to confirmation by the Senate, and The legislation proposed by the senior
agencies, they are required to be qualified by training, Senator from Montana demonstrates
experience. and attainments In the field of
(e) There is hereby authorized to be ap- natural resources. The Council will be as_ that kind of foresight. I commend it to
propriated for each fiscal year, the sum of slated by specialists and experts employed the attention of all our colleagues in the
sary, , or so much thereof as may be neces- outside of the civil service, and by other em- Senate.
to carry out the provisions of this
section, ployees subject to the civil service laws. The Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator
on disbursed voouchuchers sig gned the by y Seer . the chair- of Council may establish advisory committees
the e from Wyoming.
Senate be
man or vice chairman. and consult with representatives of State and Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, will the
local governments, and citizens, and with In- Senator yield?
EXPLANATION OF RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION dust.ry. agriculture, labor, conservationists,
of 1960 and other groups, and it will utilize, to the Mr. MURRAY. I yield.
Section 1: The title of the act, "Resources fullest eitent possible, the facilities and in- Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I should
and Conservation Act of 1960," provides a formation of Government and private re- like to join in commending the distin-
ready reference that is fully descriptive of search agencies. guished senior Senator from Montana,
the subject matter of the act. The Council of Advisors Is fact finding and tchairman of the Senate Committee
Section 2: The declaration of policy states fact analyzing. It has no functions In the the h Interior and Insular Affairs, for have
explicitly the policy that has long been in- administration or execution of 'programs,
herent in the acts of Congress that give effect these functions remaining the responsibll- Ing taken the leadership in fashioning
to its constitutional responsibility "to pro- itles of the regular executive agencies, and introducing this bill.
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I believe this to be landmark legisla-
tion which will be looked upon in future
years as of signal importance in promot-
ing the wise conservation and develop-
ment of the public resources of this coun-
try. I submit that in introducing this
bill the distinguished senior Senator
from Montana demonstrates once again
the leadership he has always exhibited
in this field, which has always been in
the tradition of Theodore Roosevelt and
Gifford Pinchot.
I am hopeful that the Senator will be
successful in acquiring additional co-
sponsors, and that next year we shall see
the bill reported favorably by the com-
mittee and acted upon favorably by the
entire Senate.
Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator
from Idaho for his generous expressions.
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
will the Senator yield?
Mr. MURRAY. I yield.
Mr. YARBOROUGH. I am happy to
have the privilege of being a cosponsor
of this bill with the distinguished Sena-
tor from Montana.
As has been so well said by the junior
Senator from Wyoming and the junior
Senator from Idaho, this is a landmark
bill, looking toward the conservation and
development of the resources of the
United States for the people of the
United States as leaders of the free
world.
When the Senate comes to consider
this measure to establish a Resources
Advisory Council, we should consider
two other measures, passed within the
past 2 years, which may have a pro-
found influence on the way of life of all
our people.
One of these measures was the weather
modification bill of 1958. That bill was
based upon scientific testimony that
within the foreseeable future we shall be
able to do something about modifying
the weather in certain areas of the globe.
The other measure to which I refer,
which has been passed, provides for the
establishment of stations to study meth-
ods of taking salt out of sea water and
salt water from underground wells. We
are far along in that type of advance.
We may soon see fresh water taken from
the sea and from underground salt water
supplies, at a cost whicl. will make it
practical for agricultural uses.
So with these two measures, the
weather modification measure and the
desalination measure, already written
into law, we see clearly pointed out the
need for developing all the resources of
the Nation. I commend the Senator
from Montana for his leadership in this
important field.
Mr. MURRAY. I sincerely thank the
Senator from Texas,
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MURRAY. I yield.
Mr. MORSE. I congratulate the dis-
tinguished senior Senator from Montana
for another great act of statesmanship
in the field of natural resources develop-
ment. I have checked his bill, and I
consider it an honor to join with him as
a cosponsor.
We are going through a rather inter-
esting period in the Congress in con-
523592-72187
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
nection with the development of natural
resources. If we check back on the legis-
lative history of natural resource de-
velopment, we discover that it swings
somewhat as a pendulum swings. Last
year, and again this year, Congress has
not lived up to its responsibilities in re-
gard to natural resource development,
with respect to protecting the interests
of future generations.
We are trustees of the natural re-
sources of this country, and we need to
do a better job than Congress did last
year, or has done thus far this year, in
developing a natural resources program.
I believe that the objectives of the bill
of the Senator from Montana will be very
helpful in making the Congress more
cognizant of its trusteeship obligations
in regard to our natural resources.
Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator
for his very kind and cogent remarks.
I am very grateful to him for his ex-
pressions.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. MURRAY. I yield.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I wish to join in
what the distinguished senior Senator
from Oregon and other colleagues in the
Senate have said about the consistent
leadership shown by the senior Senator
from Montana, who has indicated on so
many occasions that his thinking is not
merely abreast of the times, but is ahead
of the times. The facts have borne out
his foresight over the years.
It is interesting to note that this sub-
ject was discussed at the conference of
western Senators a week or so ago, at
which there were present 23 western
Senators. The proposal was unani-
mously approved by that conference, in-
cluding Senators from Texas, Oklahoma,
and Alaska.
This is another indication of the
leadership which the senior Senator from
Montana has consistently shown. I hope
we shall be able to have action shortly
on this important measure.
Mr. MURRAY. I thank my colleague
very much.
Mr. HART. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MURRAY. I yield.
Mr. HART: Mr. President, as a fresh
man Senator, I welcome this opportunity
to offer my appreciation to the senior
Senator from Montana for his many
years of great leadership in this body.
Unfailingly and consistently he has rec-
ognized in advance the needs of this
Nation and its people; he has offered
imaginative, far-reaching measures de-
signed to meet those needs.
It is my privilege to join today with
Senator MURRAY in sponsoring the Re-
sources and Conservation Act of 1960.
On July 9 I stated on the Senate floor
in connection with the TVA financing
bill that it would be my policy to sup-
port measures for the economic growth
of the Nation as a whole. The Resources
and Conservation Act of 1960 is such a
bill. I stated further that it would be
my purpose to help obtain for the north
central and northeastern areas of the
country the water-resources programs so
badly needed in these sections. The Re-
sources and Conservation Act of 1960
provides just such opportunity.
The coordinating feature of this bill
may well turn out to be its greatest con-
tribution. It would enable the executive
branch and the Congress to examine our
resource and conservation needs, nation-
wide, as a whole; and it would enable us
to plan to meet those needs in a coordi-
nated fashion. The sewage, water sup-
ply, and recreational needs of the East
would be considered alongside the recla-
mation and irrigation needs of the West.
We would have presented to us for study
and action the total picture in one piece.
Consider the present battery of Federal
control centers: In the executive branch,
there are 16 agencies spread around 6
Departments - Defense; Agriculture;
Health, Education, and Welfare; State;
Commerce; Interior-one independent
.corporation-TVA-and , two interna-
tional commissions - International
Boundary. and Water Commission,
United States and Mexico, and the In-
ternational Joint Commission, United
States and Canada-charged with carry-
ing out various Federal water policies,
and this excludes power and some spe-
cialized interests in water. In addition,
of course, the Bureau of the Budget exer-
cises its own particular authority in this
field. The Senate too has four standing
committees with major interest in re-
sources and conservation. Clearly, we
would all benefit from the overall look
which this bill would provide.
Mr. President, every area of the coun-
try has its own particular needs in terms
of resources and conservation. I wel-
come this evidence that the needs of the
north central and northeastern sections
will be considered together with the
needs of the West and the South. And
I particularly applaud the determina-
tion evidenced by this bill to wrap the
Nation's development program into one
package to which we can all address our-
selves.
Again, I salute the senior Senator from
Montana for this typical demonstration
of concern for America and Americans
in years ahead.
Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator
from Michigan.
A National Policy on Conservation Devel-
opment Is Desirable and Necessary
SPEECH
OF
HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, August 17, 1959
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, more
than a quarter of a century ago I had
the privilege of meeting the senior Sen-
ator from Montana [Mr. MURRAY.I. Dur-
ing the years my admiration for him has
been strengthened. It is a privilege to
join as a cosponsor of the legislation,
which is now under discussion. It is
characteristic of Senator MURRAY's de-
votion to the national welfare that he
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would sponsor this program which looks
to the benefit of generations yet unborn.
In its essence, Mr. President, this bill
addresses the fundamental issue of
whether we will adopt long-range plan-
ning as a means, of sustaining our level
of civilization. , The American people
have been singularly blessed with a con-
tinent rich in natural resources. For al-
most 300 years, with a growing but still
relatively small population, we could
afford to squander our resources. But
that time has long since passed.
With the administration of President
Theodore Roosevelt we first became
aware as a natipn of the need for the
conservation of our resources. Since his
death in 1919, more of the earth's min-
eral resources have been consumed than
during man's entire previous existence,
This is the measure of the problem we
face.
It is estimated that, on the basis of
present trends, by 1980 the United
States will consume 50 percent more raw
materials, 85 percent more nonferrous
minerals, 97 percent more mineral fuels,
and 133 percent; more nonmetallic min-
erals. These figures are representative
of our estimated consumption of all nat-
ural resources; only two decades from
now.
Our resources are not infinite. Nor is
our national a )petite. But the time is
rapidly approaching, Mr. President,
when our need$ mill outrun our resources
if we fail to ettablish long-range plan-
ning for their wise utilization and devel-
opment. I hope, therefore, that the re-
sources and conservation bill introduced
by Senator MURRAY will receive prompt
consideration and passage. No Member
of this body has been more creative and
more courageous in carrying forward
the purposes of conservation and devel-
opment of natural resources than Sen-
ator MURRAY. It is a genuine privilege to
join in this effort.
Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator
from West Virginia. I yield the floor.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
consequent destruction of agricultural
lands has ben a national calamity.
Our water supply, once considered un-
limited, is now proving inadequate in
widespread sections of the country. It
is estimated that an expenditure of $50
billions will be required during the next
15 years if we are to provide adequate
water and sewage facilities to our mush-
rooming uroan communities.
Once a large exporter of raw mate-
rials, we are now a large importer and
are at leiu;t partially dependent upon
foreign sources for almost every basic
metal.
Our consumption of minerals is six
times what it was in 1900, and our pres-
ent rate of consumption will double by
1980.
Unless ae embark upon an urgent,
comprehensive national program for
husbanding our natural resources and
developing new sources of supply, we
will be unable to meet the needs of the
next generi.tion and our national stand-
ard of living as well as our military and
political sti ength will begin a steady and
irreversible deterioration.
In my remarks of last May, I urged
the President to appoint a new commis-
sion, simil?r to the Paley Commission,
execept that it would be charged with
the responsibility for specific legislative
recommendations.
There has been no action from the
White House. But now the Senate, un-
der the leadership of the Senator from
Montana [Mr. MURRAY] is taking the
initiative.
I am pleased to have the opportunity
to join the Senator from Montana [Mr.
MURRAY] and 28 other Senators in co-
sponsoring S. 2549. This bill would
provide for two important continuing
groups to make annual studies and re-
ports on the complete natural resource
picture. It provides for a White House
Council of Advisers and a Joint Con-
gressional Committee on Resources and
Conservation. It envisions a continu-
ing, coordinated attack on all the com-
plex and related problems involved in
resource conservation and development.
SPEECH
OF
HON. THOMAS J. DODD
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, August 18,1959
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, yesterday
the distinguished and able Chairman of
the Committee on Interior and Insular
Affairs [Mr. MURRAY] introduced a bill
which I hope and believe will be an his-
toric landmark. in the long struggle for
an adequate national policy of develop-
ment and conservation of our natural
resources.
On May 22, in a speech on the Senate
floor, I cataloged the critical problems
facing our Ntion in one natural re-
source field after another.
We have cut 90 percent of our virgin
timber stand in the commercial forest
area. The erosion of our soil and the
523592-72187
hope that we will have congressional ac-
tion on it at the earliest possible mo-
ment so that we can make this new and
important advance in the long struggle
to preserve the foundation of our na-
tional strength and well being, our
natural resources.
Senator Murray's Natural Resources and
Conservation Bill
SPEECH
OF
HON. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER
OF OREGON
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, August 24, 1959
Mr. NEUBERGER, Mr. President, I
rise to commend the distinguished senior
Senator from Montana (Mr. MURRAY]
for the outstanding leadership that he
has again manifested in his bill (S.
2549), the proposed Natural Resources
and Conservation Act of 1960. I am
privileged to be one of the original co-
sponsors of this bill which, I am confi-
dent, will become a keystone of national
policy. In the formulation of this pro-
posal, Senator MURRAY evidences the
forward-looking confidence in the fu-
ture of this Nation that he voiced in his
remarks at the time he introduced the
measure on August 17, 1959. In dis-
cussing the vastly increased require-
ments for natural resources that will be
an inevitable consequence of population
growth and rising living standards,
Senator MURRAY-said:
In the face of this increasing require-
ment for, and pressure on, natural resources,
I am not fearful that we shall fail to meet,
the Nation's needs. Certainly the United
States will have the economic and financial
ability for the tasks involved, and we have
the skills and competence.
I share Senator MURRAY's confidence
in the ability of this Nation to meet its
obligations to its citizens, and also to the
people of the free world who rely on use
until their own economy matures. I
agree, too, with Senator MURRAY'S far-
sighted reminder that success in fulfill-
ing these purposes requires actions that
are both timely and well considered.
The proposed Natural Resources and
Conservation Act effectively implements
the views and recommendations of rec-
ognized authorities in this area of na-
tional policy. A few quotations will
demonstrate how well the bill accords
with the best thinking on the subject.
Dr. John Kenneth Galbraith, professor
of economics at Harvard University, in a
recent address, has provided us with a
condensation of the Paley Commission
findings regarding the "gargantuan and
growing appetite" for natural resources.
Dr. Galbraith said:
Conservationists are unquestionably use-
ful people. And among the many useful
services that they have recently rendered has
been that of dramatizing the vast appetite
which the United States has developed for
materials of all kinds. This increase in re-
quirements we now recognize to be expo-
nential. It is the product of a rapidly in-
creasing population and a high and (nor-
mally) a rapidly increasing living standard.
The one multiplied by the other gives the
huge totals with which our minds must
contend. The President's Materials Policy
Commission emphasized the point by observ-
ing that our consumption of raw materials
comes to about half that of the non-Com-
munist lands although we have but 10 per-
cent of the population, and that since World
War I our consumption of most materials
has exceeded that of all mankind throughout
all history before the conflict.
This quotation bears out Senator MUR-
RAY'S appraisal of the need for timely
action, and the following quotation from
testimony before the Finance Committee
of the Senate bears out the confidence
that the United States has financial
ability to meet conservation needs. On
April 18, 1958, Dr. Sumner H. Slichter
of Harvard University said:
The United States is a growing country,
with its population rising by about 3 million
a year. and with its output growing at a
normal rate of about $14 billion a year or
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more. Such a growing economy needs more
and better schools, roads, recreation areas,
and projects for the development of its re-
sources. If the economy were to succeed in
achieving full capacity operation by the early
fall of 1959, the gross national product
should be around $470 billion a year, or
about $45 billion above the present (1958)
rate. Certainly a substantial part of this
increase of $45 billion in the gross national
product should go for much-needed public
works of various sorts.
The United States has, in fact, at-
tained and surpassed the $470 billion
rate of gross national product foretold
by Dr. Slichter. Regrettably, however,
no part of the increase in gross national
product is being invested in the much-
needed public works. Failure to make
this investment in America is the blight
cf the administration policy of no new
starts. Sterilizing effects of this blight
are evident today, and they will mar the
Nation's countryside for decades to
come.
Prof. Gilbert F. White, of the Univer-
sity of Chicago, distinguished as a
scientist, educator, and natural re-
sources planner, has pointed out that, in
the long run, one of the basic deficiencies
in natural resources and conservation
activies is "lack of understanding of na-
tional aims and, consequently, of na-
tional means as well. Professor White
continues:
So long as this is diffuse, we cannot ex-
pect any amount of organizational legerde-
main or budgetary management to more
523592-72187
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
than palliate the difficulties. If we seem
confused in the field of defense where there
at least seems no doubt that we wish to
protect and preserve the United States, how
much more complex is the case of natural
resources where we are not certain as to what
we are to conserve? We are not certain that
we want to develop all of our waterpower
or to save all of our soil, or how much oil, if
any, we should keep underground, or
whether we should curb our appetite for
lead in gas, and iron in tail fins. Having al-
ready and of necessity modified the web of
nature, we do not know how far is too far
in directing our changes in it.
In recent years we have had a generous
review of both policies and administration.
Raw materials situations have been assessed;
water policy has been proposed; a new attack
has been made upon problems of recreation.
An important element which has been lack-
ing is a general examination of national aims
within the range of politically possible means
of achieving them, and of the probable im-
pacts of each possible program.
Professor White's conclusion is di-
rected straight at the provisions of S.
2549, the natural resources and conserva-
tion bill. Professor White said:
Of the numerous organizational changes
that may be in order, none seem more prom-
ising of benefits to the whole process of
preserving or reforming the American land-
scape than those which promote a continu-
ing appraisal of the probable results of fol-
lowing the choices which are open.
This is the essence of Senator Mur-
ray's proposal for a Council of Resources
and Conservation Advisers to prepare
annually the Resources and Conserva-
tion Report of the President, and the
joint committee of the Congress that
would give continuing attention to re-
source development, utilization, and
conservation.
In conclusion I desire to say that I
think it is particularly appropriate that
I should be given permission very cour-
teously to make these remarks about
conservation by the distinguished jun-
ior Senator from Pennsylvania. If I
am not mistaken, one of the greatest
conservationists in the history of this
country came from the State of Penn-
sylvania and was given to the Nation
by the State of Pennsylvania. I refer
to the illustrious ex-Governor of Penn-
sylvania, a man who was the first Chief
Forester of the United States, Gifford
Pinchot, and I believe and feel that if
Gifford Pinchot were with us today, he
would support Senator MuRRAY'S Na-
tional Resources and Conservation Act.
I thank the Senator from Pennsyl-
vania.
Mr. SCOTT. I am delighted to yield
and am much pleased that the Senator
has brought in the name of a very fa-
mous Governor of our State, a great for-
ester and a famous conservationist.
Mr. NEUBERGER. We are very
proud in the Pacific Northwest, that one
of the most beautiful national forests
in the Cascade Mountains carries the
name of Gifford Pinchot and is known
as the Gifford Pinchot National Forest.
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