CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE

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CIA-RDP91B00135R000200320005-1
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RIPPUB
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K
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6
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December 20, 2016
Document Release Date: 
January 11, 2008
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5
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Publication Date: 
September 19, 1983
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Hc Approved For Release 2008/01/11 :CIA-RDP91 B001 35R000200320005-1 that V1' enforces the normal and ML LF:AHY. Madam President, will accepted- principle . of reciprocity?; the Senator from Kentucky yield me a couple of minutes? ' h t d d o e W a groun s woul they have t r - tallate against a rule of equivalence7. Of course, we know that the.Soviets do not need reasonable grounds to Jus- tify'their conduct, but thfs'.amend- ment does.not give them an excuse to retaliate; Equally important, by Including more than Just accredited diplomats in the meaning of the term "official pres- ence," the amendment makes it possi- ble to lower the ceiling for Sovietposi- tions by focusing: on the Soviet com- mercial; establishments. The :United .States has no office in the Soviet Union comparable to' Amtorg,. the Soviet' commercial establishment' in New York City. Therefore, the Soviets '.would not have a convenient target to go after If'we-insisted in reducing-or eliminating the-Amtorg office...:::;: Overall, in the final analysis it is necessary to weigh the totality. of the benefits and, possible risks to~-the United States. Reducing the Soviet of- ficial presence in the United States is not a symbolic gesture, because the size of that presence creates direct and Immediate dangers to the national se- curity. of the United States. Cutting back on the numbers will clearly in- hibit the ability of Soviet intelligence to-operate in this country. -In my Judg- ment, that.. benefit itself outweighs Madam President, I reseri'e'the re- mainder of our time. ? Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, I would like to say a few words in sup- ' port of the amendment by the Senator from Kentucky. A recent series of articles by the New York Times described the nature and extent of present KGB activities in the Western democracies. The Times referred to a U_S: Gov- 'ernment report which concluded that the last.i0 years of. Western technol- ogy collection by the Soviet intelli- gence agencies have saved the Warsaw Pact 'countries "hundreds of millions .. Mr..HUDDLESTON. I yield the Sen- ator from Vermont 2 minutes i : Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I Join' my distinguished colleague from Kentucky, Senator HcnnLesroN. in' of- fering, an amendment to declare the intent of the United States to reduce the official Soviet.' presence in this country to the.-approximate level of American Government employees in the Soviet Union. In calculating the number' of Soviet." officials in the United States,.we would naturally ex- elude ' Soviet -,representation to the United Nations in New York. : . =Madam L: President,' T. support . this measure as an' effective; responsible protest against the - brutal, Soviet downing'of. Korean Air Lines flight- 007, killing 269 "innocent civilians. Equalizing the Soviet official presence in the United States with that of our country over there will not damage the ability :of :the two. nuclear: super- powers . to maintain diplomatic con- tacts. In the nuclear age, we and the' Soviets must continue to talk and to negotiate, above all in the area of arms control I commend again Presi- dent:Reagan's refusal to' delay the Geneva negotiations or strategic and intermediate range weapons. Neverthe- less, let us show our revulsion and .anger in deeds as well as word ? ? ? as this amendment willdo. Let me review the statistic provided by the FBI:on the Soviet presence in the- United States. Setting aside the 518 Soviet officials accredited-to the United Nations, there are some 454 other Soviet Government represents. fives living and working in the United States. Thatlater figure Includes TASS correspondents, who are employees of the Soviet Government. The FBI in- forms me -that around 40 percent of all Soviet -employees work for various In- telligence arms of their government. L Madam President, I recently visited the Soviet Union in a 'delegation headed by the distinguished ranking minority member of the Foreign Rela- of dollars" and "years in development , tions Committee, Senator Pet. A cen- time." The stolen: Western technology.., tralpurpose of our-trip_was to do what .aided the modernization-of, the pact's - we could to help the arms control situ weapons Industry, weapons perform anee, and the development of counter- measures to Western military capabili- ty. .. The U.S. Government report went on to say- that the manpower. levels which Soviet intelligence agencies i have allocated to this effort."have in- creased significantly since the 1970's to the point where there are now sev- eral thousand .technology' collection officers at work. These personnel under various covers ranging from dip- lomats to Journalists to trade officials, are assigned throughout the. world."? . Evidence indicates that among.legal Soviet residents of Western nations, 30 td-40 Percent are officers in the KGB or'the GRU, the Soviet military intel ligence organization , - - " For.these reasons, I believe that the Senate has a duty' to adopt the Hudd- ?lestonamendment today.? ation 'Hardly had we landed in the United States after this mission of good will than we learned of the-terri- ble Korean Air Lines tragedy. While in Moscow, I viewed firsthand the abysmal conditions under which our people must live' and work. I wit- I nessed the tight controls over the lives of American officials. We have only some'300 U.S. Government employees in the Soviet Union:'There is, as I un- derstand, no officialnumerical ceiling on our representatives, but there mays as well be. Our people arejammed Into, overcrowded, dilapidated, appallingly, inadequate quarters. I visited with "many of them last month in Moscow. We seem to make it very easy for the Soviet Union to have. accommodations far more luxurious than their people would have in their own country, when they come here, but we do not see any kind of recipro- cation-'The United States does not get anywhere. near as nice accommoda- tions for Its people. Even if we wanted to send more people, we could not until new facilities are available, 'As far as I could see, it will be years yet before our. mew chancery and living quarters will .be. completed. Mean-1 while, the Soviets' are quite comfort- able In their new Embassy compound. There.ls a disparity of some 150 be- tween Soviet .and American Govern. ment-employees in each other's coun- tries-again, excluding the enormous Soviet U.N. Mission in New York. -A phased reduction of the Soviet official presence In the United States to. ap- Proximately thenumber of American employees in the Soviet Union would not only be a strong signal of our out- rage."over the KAL incident, It would contribute to balance and equity, be- tween .the,two countries in the treat- ment of each other's representatives _. Madam President, there has been a good deal of criticism here today about our continued pursuit of arms control with the Soviet Union. Some have alluded to alleged Soviet viola- tions of arms agreements and treaties. I regret- this exploitation S of ' the Korean Air Lines tragedy, to attack the arms control process. Outrage over this callous act should not be used for such purposes. It sullies our expres- sions of grief and loss over the victims. . Frankly. d, too, am concerned about ambiguous and unexplained Soviet be- aavior regarding the unratified SALT HI treaty and the ABM treaty, But, I refuse to allow the Korean airliner episode to deflect me from my deter- mination to support mutual, verifiable arms agreements that strengthen American security and reduce the risk of war. When in the Soviet Union, I presented Chairman Yuri Andropov with a statement outlining my. con- cerns about arms control compliance. I ask unanimous consent that a copy of my statement to Chairman Andropov appear at the end of my remarks. ' The PRESIDING OFFICER, With- out objection, it is so ordered. ` Mr. LEAHY. Even though It should .,have n bearing;theKorean Air Lines incident does underline a fundamental reality I attempted to convey to Soviet leaders: Their lack of restraint can and will erode the political base of support for the' arms control process in the II UnitedStates unless they -show a. greater sensitivity to genuine Ameri- can concerns,.: about their behavior. Unless the Soviet Union can be made to understand how its actions affect American attitudes, . I fear for the future of arms control What a monu- mental tragedy It would be If, by ig- noring basic norms 'of international be- havior and by refusing to respond ap- propriately to legitimate American questions about compliance with arms control'agreements, the Soviet Union were to destroy the broad support for arms control which now exists in this country. . :M Approved For Release 2008/01/11: CIA-RDP91 B00135R000200320005-1 message to the Soviet Union. We can do this by adopting this amendment to - - equalize official representation. ElHrsrr 1 STATEMENT t?O CHAIRMAN YURC A"ROPOV (By Senator Patrick Leahy) Mr. Chairman. I have come to Moscow for one overriding purpose: to underline my deep and growing concern that the arms control process is in jeopardy. . Perhaps you know that my colleagues and I are strong advocates of verifiable .arms control between the United States and the Soviet Union. I - supported the SALT 11 Treaty, and I earnestly hope the Geneva ne- gotiations will soon lead to equitable agree- ments. -. However, In all frankness. I must tell you that questionable Soviet activity regarding existing formal and informal arms agree- ments is causing me increasing concern. Al- though there are important Issues relating to the possible use of chemical weapons in Afghanistan and Southeast Asia. my main concerns at this meeting are about the unra- titled SALT II Treaty which both sides say .they will observe, and the Anti Ballistic Mis- sile Treaty. . I am worried by reports that the Soviet Union Is testing two new Intercontinental ballistic missiles, when the SALT II Treaty permits only one. Perhaps even more coons. some for the future of verifiable arm! con- trol is the level of encryption of telemetry from soviet strategic missile tests. Access to telemetry is necessary to verify compliance with important provisions of SALT IT. as well as any future treaty with qualitative limitations. Recently. there have also been press reports of the construction in the Soviet Union of a large phased array radar in a location which could be inconsistent with the ABM Treaty. Mr. Chairman, I do not wish to debate these matters. My intention Is to explain to you the widening distress among all mem- bers of the United States Senate, Republi- can and Democrat, regarding your country's activities. Arms control supporters like myself can't defend the arms control proc- ess when Soviet behavior raises legitimate questions which remain unanswered. . - Not only may the political basis for American 'observance of SALT II thus be weakened, a climate is being created which will make Senate approval of any future arms agreement much more difficult. For the United States to ratify any treaty, two- thirds of the -100 senators must agree Whether they do or not will depend mainly on the'past Soviet arms control record = .There may be valid explanations for all -these activities. As one who firmly believes mutual, verifiable arms reductions and liml- . - tations are good for both our countries. I urge you to resolve our concerns. This would immeasurably strengthen those in the United States who are convinced that arms control can reduce the terrible threat to our peoples of a nuclear catastrophe. - . and told him he had this weapon he can use with any country, the equiva- lency of diplomatic representation, and I do not think anybody can give us an accurate figure of how many Sovi- ets are working in this country against our country.. But we do.have slightly in, excess of 200 in the whole of Russia, and eyeball-to-eyeball intelligence just exists over there..., So this is already the law, and -I would just like to impress once again - on the President that he, has this power if he wants to use it, if he can get the timid State Department to do something about it. I yield the floor. ' Mr. McCLURE. Madam President, will the Senator from Kentucky yield for a unanimous-consent request? Mr. HUDDLESTON...Yes, I will yield. Madam President, how much time remains? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator has 3 minutes.. .. Mr. McCLURE. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that I be added as a cosponsor, to the amend- ment. .. . The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- out objection, it is so ordered. Mr. ARMSTRONG. Madam Presi- dent, I make the same unanimous-con- sent request. The PRESIDING OFFICER, With- out objection, it is so ordered.. Mr. NICKLES. Madam President,-I make the same request:' The PRESIDING OFFICER: With- out objection, It is so ordered. Mr. BOREN. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that ?I" be added as a cosponsor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- out objection, it is so ordered.- Who yields time? -" . . Mr. FORD. Madam President, I-ask unanimous consent that I be added as The PRESIDING OFFICER, With. out objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MOYNIHAN. Madam President, if the Senator from Kentucky, for the moment will reserve the remainder of his time-1-make three points: The overriding one is that the administra- tion has asked us to send the Presi- dent this measure declaring the action of the Soviet Union to be a crime so that he may sign it today; that In 2 days there will be a unanimous action by the House, the Senate, and the President In conformity. ; `. Mr. GOLDWATER. Madam Presi- For the first time in the.history of dent, will the Senator yield me a the Senate, we will have declared the couple of minutes? - ' - behavior of another government to be Mr. IIUDDLESTON. I yield 2 min- a crime. No stronger action could be utes to the Senator from Arizona. - contemplated. To dilute it with mat. Mr..GOLDWATER. I became a co- ters extraneous to. that central asser- - sponsor of this amendment .because- tion seems to those of. us who have either last year or the year before we been voting to keep the House resolu. s before the intelligence - tion intact 'and not to go to confer. h ld h arin e e g Committee on this very subject, and ence, to be the wise move. ` - - what the amendment states is already the law. .. " Approved For Release 2008/01/11 : CIA-RDP91 B00135R000200320005-1 The second point I would make, Madam President, is that the Senator from Arizona, the distinguished chair- man of the Intelligence Committee, is altogether correct. The Foreign Ms= sions Act of 1982 gives the President not just the power that he'has to demand-parity, but instructs him: to demand parity and require, it and obtain it if necessary by refusing the admission of foreign diplomats where there is not parity..'- = . ... . What we need is more American dip- lomats In.the Soviet Union. And this would work directly- contrary to.that objective and policy, - or should be policy.;.= Third, Madam President, hope we would not get to use this occasion for minimal concerns. We are talking about a crime. We are not -talking about the accreditation of vice coun- sels. There are crimes goingon right now. Six years ago in this body I introduced legislation, and have done so in every Congress, that asks the Government of the United States to force the Soviet Embassy, soon to be on Mount Alto, the highest site in the District, to stop intercepting phone calls of American citizens, including Members of this body-a crime if an American does It. It Issomething the Soviets do here, In New York, In San Francisco' and in Chicago, about which we do nothing. And this body, filled with brave souls in these matters, has not chosen - to do a think about that. It seems to me rather more relevant than the number of press attaches and KGB agents. .. .. The distinguished chairman says there is not - much eyeballing In the U.S.S.R. He does indeed know that the principal source of intelligence in the Soviet - Union - is the budget of the United States of America and the CoN- GRESS1oNAL Rscoan. They can have that mailed to Toronto if they really got down to it. :..:: . But, without-in'anyway wishing to demean the purposes of this=l know the Senator from Kentucky is as frus- trated, as all of us have been after our hearings on the Intelligence Commlt- tee, - that the State -Department has - not done what It can do and which the law directs them: to do-I would, even so, suggest that ths's an inappropri-- ate vehicle, given the urgency of get- tins this matter to the- President's- 'desk tonight. Therefore, reluctantly, because the Senator from Kentucky knows the regard with which I hold him and the Senator from Arizona knows the fear in which- I hold him, when the Senator from Kentucky has completed his time, I shall move to- table the resolution. - Approved For Release 2008/01/11 (liar. t.un .r. asumeu Lac Gtual[.i Mr. MATSUNAGA. Will the Senator from New York yield? Mr. MOYNIHAN. May I ask Mr. President. how much time I have re-. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The' Senator has 5 minutes remaining.'. Mr. MOYNIHAN. I am happy 'to yield to the Senator from Hawaii. Mr. MATSUNAGA. For the reasons so eloquently "stated by. the Senator from New York. I would urge the Sen- ator from Kentucky to seriously con- sider withdrawing his. amendment: so that we can promptly act upon the resolution and send it to. the. President. for his signature, as he bad hoped, to- night. And I will'make this` assurance to the.Senator from Kentucky: than. the next time he offers his proposal;! will be a cosponsor of,it. Mr. HUDDLESTON. U. the Senator will yield to me for a minute. I-will tell him that I will give him that opportu- nity.. Because if the. fate of this amendment is what has been the fate of the others, I do intend to offer it as a subsequent resolution. However, in view of the arguments made by the Senator from New York. which ?support this- amendment . so strongly, that it is necessary, I must say that I agree with him. I think- we ought to do something about the Soviet intelligence presence in this country. I would like to close the. San Francisco Consulate. and I originally had it in* this amendment, but I thought we ought to try to be a little more moderate at this time.. . There is tremendous imbalance here. And our poor old FBI that has to look out for all these folks would like very much to see a reduction In their pres- ence here. The CIA Is another matter. They look at it from a different stand- But, at any rate, I think it is well to go' ahead and consider this and give the Senate an opportunity * to vote. This would add I think some more substance to the resolution. The Presi- dent would have no reason to really oppose this. As the Senator from New York says, it is what should be done anyhow. ... -?. Before the Senator -makes the motion. I wanted to make sure, for those who indicated they wanted to be cosponors, that their names were re- ceived at the desk.' Let me remind you, W. President; that Senators ARM- STRONG. :MCCLURE, HAWKINS. BOREN, JOHNSTON. COHEN and FoaD, in addi- tion to those already listed, have indi- cated their desire to be cosponsors. As far as I know, no one else is seek- ing time on this. Mr. CHILES. Will the Senator yield? Mr. HUDDLESTON. I yield the time I have remaining to the Senator from Florida -' - - Mr. CHILES.. Mr. President, I just wanted to complement the Senator on' offering of this amendment. It seems to me this Is a very legitimate way in which we can respond. I think it is re- It seems to me that we do a disserv- ice if we do not very strongly- express to the Russians'. the commitment of our feelings and how deep those feel ings are, on the subject. We . have talked in many ways about the need to try to get our allies to go along with us. And I think that is true; I think.we need to do that.' : - : - _ - ' I -think, again, we want to keep our hands off of the arms talks and try to allow those to progress. I - think we want to be careful that we do not take some steps that are irresponsible. . ., It seems to me what the Senator from Kentucky. is - reaching in his amendment is a very responsible way. "Mr. NUNN: Will the Senator- from New York yield me 30 seconds? ' -- 'Mr. MOYNIHAN. I am happy to do so. .. Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I ask the majority leader and the managei,of the -bill on the-'minority -side what their forecast is for final passage. The reason I ask " is 'that - Senator' MAT. TINGLY and r are on the horns-of a very 'unpleasant dilemma; because we .both would. like to vote for:final pas- sage and vote for this very severe con- demnation of : the Soviet's behavior but, on the other hand, there is a me, morial service for Congressman Mc- Donald, who, of course, was one of the victims of this tragedy: The. memorial service Is in our home State of Georgia and we must depart on an airplane in order to make.that. _--'. I -would just like to get some feel so we can make a judgment about how we handle this impossible choice. Mr. BAKER. Mr.-President, if the Senator will permitme to-reply, I am sympathetic in the - extreme. The junior Senator from Georgia also men= tioned this to me. I cannot think of a more difficult conflict; that is to say, a' memorial service for Congressman Mc- Donald, on the one hand, and final passage of this resolution of condem- nation, on the other. I wish I could offer some advice on how to proceed. I cannot. All I can say is that I hope that we will get to final passage on this meas- ure within the next 45 minutes.-There are several other amendments, but I begin to get the feeling that there may not be other rollcalls, except final pas- sage, with the exception of the Hudd- leston amendment. Mr. NUNN; If there is going to be any kind of delay for any reason to at. commodate other Senators on "final passage; I hope both sides of the aisle would consider starting the vote at the earliest possible time on final passage so that Senator MATTINGLY and I could record our strong feelings on this sub- ject. , - . ' .. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I assure the Senator I will make every effort to 1 f, do that. i.- - - , Mr. MOYNIHAN: Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of mytime. , - -Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of my time. Mr; BAKER. Mr. President, I move to table the amendment and I ask for the yeas and nays. "- . The , PRESIDING OFFICER. ' Is there a sufficient second? There is a sufficient second. The yeas and nays were ordered- .:' The PRESIDING -OFFICER, The question is on agreeing to the motion to lay on the table the amendment of the Senator from Kentucky. The yeas and nays have-been ordered and the clerk will can theroll. i The legislative clerk calledtthe roll: Mr. STEVENS. I announce that the Senator from Nevada' (Mr.' I.AxALT) and the Senator.from South Dakota (Mr. PRESSLER), are necessarily absent. .Mr. BYRD. I announce that the Senator from 'California (Mr.. CRAN- sTON), the Senator from Ohio ' (Mr. GLENN), the Senator from South Caro- Tina (Mr. HOLLINGS), and the Senator from Louisiana (Mr. LONG) are neces- sarily absent. -..r .... ' :. ',The. PRESIDING OFFICER)'=Are there any other Senators in the Cham- ber wishing to vote?