THE SUPPORT SERVICES HISTORICAL SERIES PRINTING FOR INTELLIGENCE 1942-68

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP93-00939R000100040001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 106
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 27, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 1, 1970
• Content Type: REPORT

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The Support Services
Historical Series
PRINTING FOR INTELLIGENCE 1942-68
SECRET
CIA Internal Use Only
Access Controlled by DDS
SECRET
OL 5
November 1970
Copy 2 of 3
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GROUP I
Excluded from automatic
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 ^ UNCLASS I FLEpproved F[ r J2001/09/07 : CIA-RDF -06A3U1#DEONIt10001-2 ^ SECRET
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
SUBJECT: (Optional)
FROM, F
ng ie
Act~
u
ivlsion
E
NO.
STATO
,
.
pp y
,
1106 ,Ames Bldg.
DATE
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)
DATE
OFFICER'S
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
RECEIVED
FORWARDED
INITIALS
to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
Acting Director of Logistic
411
2.
Executive Officer, OL
7
3.
Records & Services Branch,E
/OL
3-Your Office is the official
f
'
4'
repository for Office o
Logistics
histories. Attached is the History
of Printing Services.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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12.
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14.
15.
FORM L ~O USE PREVe Qr leas I 'PL
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 ^ UNCLASSIFI4SDprovecf r 2001/09/07: CIA-RDj -000 DgdTdM40001-2 ^ SECRET
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
SUBJECT: (optional)
FROM:
Acting Maier,, Supply Division, OL
1106 Ames Bldg.
EXTENSION
NO.
DATE
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)
DATE
OFFICER'S
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
RECEIVED
FORWARDED
INITIALS
to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
Acting Director of Logistics
j
2.
Executive Officer, OL
3.
Records & Services Branch,
/OL
3. Your Office is the official
'
4.
repository for Office of Logistics
histories. Attached is a History
of Supply/Support. 2
X1
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
FORM USE PREVigtlp?
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 Approved For Release 2001/0iBC-Rik P93-00939R000100040001-2
CIA Internal Use Only
Access Controlled by the Directorate for Support
1
PRINTING FOR INTELLIGENCE
1942-68
11
by
HISTORICAL STAFF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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Contents
. Page
I. Introduction . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 1
Mission and Organization . . . . . . . 1
Statistical Profile . . . . . . . . . 4
1. Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Production . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Graphics and Visual Aids Staff . . . . 17
Main Printing Plant . . . . . . . . . 18
E. General Printing Plant . . . . . . . . 21
F. Special Printing Plant . . . . . . . . 22
II. Under the Office of Strategic Services . 24
A. Origin and Mission . . . . . . . . . . 24
B. Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1. Administrative Division . . . . . 26
2. Publication Division . . . . . . . 26.
3. Photographic Division . . . . . . 29
C. Special Projects . . . . . . . . . . . 31
D. Field Activity . . . . ... . . . . . . 32
E. / Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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Page
III. Postwar Period 1946-51 . . . . . . . . . 34
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
B. State Service Office of the GPO . . . 34
C. Printing and Reproduction Services . 36
D. Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1. North Building . . . . . . . . . 40
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3. . . . . . . . . 41
E. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
IV. Centralization of Agency Printing
in PSD 1952-56 . . . . . ... . . . . 46
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 46
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 47
C. OCI Printing Facility . . . . . . . . 48
D. FI/DDP Printing . . . . . . . . . . . 50
E. Reorganization . . . . . . . . . . . 51
F. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
V. Further Growth and Consolidation
1957-62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
B. Acquisition of the State Service
Office of the GPO . . . . . . . . 57
C. Job Costing System . . . . . . . . . 59
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TfEC
Page
D. Linotype Improvements . . . . . . . . 60
E. Relocation of "K" and "Q" Building
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
F. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
VI. Technical Advance 1963.68 . . . . . . . 66
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
B. -Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . 68
C. Continuous-Tone Printing 69
D. EPIC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
E. Source-Data Automation . . . . . . . 74
F. Copy Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
G. Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
H. Printing Services Building . . . . . 82
I. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Appendixes
A. Chronology (1941-68) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
B. List of Persons Interviewed . . . . . . . 93
C. Source References . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
y f;
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Illustrations
Page
Figure 1. Evolution of PSD Facilities . . . . 3
Figure 2. Reproduction Branch, 1944 . . . . . 27
Figure 3. Instructor Manual (Page) . . . . . 28
Figure 4. Printing and Reproduction Division,
1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Figure 5. Printing Services Division, 1957 . 64
Figure 6. Printing Services Division, 1961 . 65
Figure 7. Printing Services Division, 1968 . 67
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'PRINTING FOR INTELLIGENCE
1'9'42'- 6 8
I. Introduction
A. Mission and Organization
The Printing Services Division (PSD), as part
of the Agency's support function, is charged by the
Office of Logistics (OL) with the responsibility for
the Agency's printing program. The scope of respon-
sibility includes the operation of the Agency's
printing facilities, liaison with the printing
facilities of other Government Agencies, advice and
technical assistance to customers, and review and
action on all field and headquarters requests for
remote facilities. Other related and inherent
duties include maintaining a continuing research and
development program and sponsoring management and
trade-skill training programs for division personnel.
l~*
Although PSD's mission has remained virtually
unchanged, the character of its support role has
been constantly adjusted to keep abreast of industry
advances and to meet new and changing customer
* For serially numbered source references, see
Appendix C, p. 94.
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demands. Current patent records and trade journal
articles will show that the division's efforts have
more than just "kept up with. the times"; in fact, it
has made significant contributions in the fields of
microphotography,?/ typography ,1 offset photography,
and platemakingY
At present (1970), as in the past, the division
is physically decentralized. The Office of the
Chief is located in the Printing Services Building
at the Headquarters compound. From this point, the
Chief, PSD, directs the activities of the Graphics
and Visual Aids Staff and the three printing plants
which make up the operational structure of the
division. These plants are designated as the Main
Printing Plant (in the Printing Services Building);
the General Printing Plant (on the ground floor of
Headquarters Building); and the Special Printing
Plant (in the OCI area on the seventh floor of Head-
quarters Building).*
* For a chart showing the evolution of the printing
plants and the Graphics and Visual Aids Staff, see
Figure 1.
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B. Statistical Profile
Before entering into a detailed analysis of
the historical development of PSD, the following
statistical summary of personnel and production data
is provided as an introduction to its activities.
1. Personnel
The 1968 Table of Organization (T/0) for PSD
called for a total of -positions. Of this number,
it is estimated that about 10 percent were administra-
tive and 90 percent were production positions. The
wage structure was divided among the GS Schedule
(administrative personnel, -- 20 percent), the
Lithographic/Wage Board (general graphic arts work-
ers -- 28 percent), and the GPO Wage Scale (journey-
men and apprentices -- 52 percent).
Approximately 23 percent of the employees
were female -- a percentage that was similar to
that prevailing in other Government printing facilities
and the printing industry in general. Women (under
the three wage categories) were employed in jobs
ranging from clerk to offset press operator. Other
positions for women included bindery worker, photo-
grapher (both black-and-white and color photography),
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negative engraver, proofreader, and keyboard oper-
The chain of command of the management hierarchy
descended from the Office of the Chief (which included
staff positions) to the managers of each of the
plants. The Main Printing Plant, because of its
size, was divided into operating branches (press,
bindery, etc.) with a manager over each branch.
There were no branches in the Special and General
Printing Plants, where the plant managers supervised
all operations of their plants directly.
2. Production
The output of PSD was measured in two ways:
in terms of "income" and in terms of the number
of printing impressions. Under a cost-accounting
system, a "cost" in dollars and cents was calculated
for each printing operation. PSD was regarded as
a "business" and each component in the Agency
levying a requirement on the division was treated
as a "customer." The "cost" of each printing job
was carefully recorded and "charged" to the account
of the "customer." In 1968, for example, a typical
DDI InteZZigence Memorandum of 15 pages produced by
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OER, with a press run of 325 and printed by offset
with multilith masters without the use of color
would have cost about $22.* This sum would have
been "charged" to OER's account. The total of such
"costs" constituted the division's "income." By
this device, it was possible to determine the
relative demands of the various Agency components
on the resources of the division. Needless to
say, no funds changed hands, but the division was
able to maintain fiscal control of its operation
and the "customer" was provided with a rough measure
of the cost to the Agency of his job.
Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the "income" (dollar
value of output) for each of the division's print-
ing facilities for fiscal years (FY) 1961, 1964,
and 1967. Several items are worth noting when look-
ing at production trends. _ costs increased in STATSPEC
FY 1964 over FY 1961 because of volume, and then
* The actual number of hours spent by each employee
on a job was converted to a "cost" figure by the
application of the appropriate wage rate; the costs
of materials were then added; finally, a fixed
percentage of this figure was added to cover
overhead.
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decreased in FY 1967 after conversion from mimeograph
to offset printing. Between FY 1961 and FY 1964,
printing "income" from jobs other than the STATSPEC
at Plant No. 1 decreased by almost $100,000 because
Plants No. 3 and No. 4, which were housed in Head-
quarters Building, provided more rapid service for
shortrun requirements and because Plants No. 2 and
No. 4 were the only ones set up for printing the
increasing volume of Special Center (SI and TKH)
material.*
Table 4 shows the distribution of printing
costs by Agency component based on FY 1964 "income."
The DDI accounted for more than three-fourths of
the total output of PSD (in terms of cost), and the
NIS program, alone, for almost one-third. The
relatively small share attributed to the Clandestine
Service is due to the fact that it is not primarily
charged with the production of finished intelligence
publications.
The output of the division was also expressed
in terms of the number of "impressions." (An im-
* For a discussion of the "Special Center," see p.
. 48, below.
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