USAMICON PROGRAM DIRECTIVE & PROTOCOL ON REMOTE PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES

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-_ Ali`proved For Release 200jffi4Wi -RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Ulu= a L?"y NOT EEI,EASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS(NOFORN)A US AM IC OM Program Directive and Protocol On REMOTE PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES CLASSIFIED BY: C, STRAT BMD & STRAT ADM SYS DIV REVIEW ON: 28 JUNE 1999 NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS ,(NOFQRN1 Approved For Release 200TT04702-:CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 ? ' Approved For Release 2001, 96-00788 R002000230006-0 I INTRODUCTION A. General ----- ------------------ ------------ ----- 1 1. Military, Objective ---_-__--_ 2. Militar !A licatio Y PP ns 'I----------------- 3 ' -------- 1 . Approval History Project Officers ------------------------------- ------- Data Base for RNG Experiments -------------------- 3 1? Early Experiments ------------ - 7 Tnto1 P('_ n,+.- a___ ---- ------------ 3. Critique of Data Base ----- 4 4 D. Scientific Merits -------------------------------- Technical Application II EXPERIMENTS ------------------------------------- A. General ------____-- B. Assumptions -------------------------------------- 9 C. D. E. Independent Variables Dependent Variables Hardware 1. Random Sources ------------------------------ 2 10 . Analysis ----------------------------------- 12 Display ------------------------- ------ ------- 4. Hardware Redundancy ___________________ 15 15 III PARTICIPANTS -----~____ ---------------------------------- 16 A. Selection Criteria ------------------------------- B. Experiment Duration ------- 16 C. D. Number of Participants ----- Volunteer Consent Form --------------------------- 17 ,-, NOT PE1,EASARLE TO FOREIGN Approved For Rel 4/02: CIA-RD 66160~i$'tb'Mbbz"30006-0 Approved For Release 2001/ ~DP96-00788R002000230006-0 1. Personal Injuries -------------------------- 19 2. Emergency Response Program ------------------ 19 3. Insurance Coverage -------------------------- 20 F. Debriefing Schedule ---------- --------- i D b i fi 1 S 21 ng ------ e ess on r e . 2. Experiment Debriefing ------------------------ 22 3." Specific Debriefing Protocols --------------- 22 V ENVIRO NMENT --------------------------------------------- 24 REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------------- 25 APPENDIX A ------------------------------------------------------ 94 04 NOT FFLEASAPLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS (NOFORN). Approved For Release 2001/04/02 L'IA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04 DP96-00788R002000230006-0 PROPOSED GRILL FLAME PROTOCOL: TASK II PROPOSED DARCOM PROTOCOL FOR RESEARCH ON REMOTE PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES A. General This protocol contains the procedure for DARCOM research on remote perturbations. It is to remain in effect until the completion of Task II. The term "remote perturbation (RP)" is used herein to signify an intellectual/mental process by which a person perturbs remote sensitive . ,t apparatus or equipment. RP does not involve any electronic sensing devices at, or focused on, the RP agent. No drugs, hypnosis, special sensory (visual, auditory or olfactory) or proprioceptive stimuli, liminal, or subliminal, electrical, or electromagnetic will be used in this protocol. 1. Military Objective It is the objective of this protocol to determine whether target- ed sensitive electronic equipment can be perturbed as a result of RP activity. 2. Military Applications RP offers the potential for remote man/machine interactions with computers, locks, switches, codes, and other sensitive or delicate T' ` " " ~ 11011W 1' OT T:ET.EASABT,E TO FOREIGN 7 a-'v k _G NATIONALS (NOFORN), Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/ 96-00788 R002000230006-0 mechanical or electronic apparatus, barred or held secure from ordinary physical contact or intervention. 3. Approval History Thd commander, U.S. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command (DARCOM) approved in principle the U.S. Army involvement in what is now known as project GRILL FLAME in April 1978. In May 1978, the Assistant' Chief of Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) accepted lead responsibility for GRILL FLAME applications. Overall DoD responsibility resides with the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). 4. , Project Officers The overall, responsible individuals for all aspects of the project are Mr. Billy Jenkins, Missile Research and Development Command; and Mr. John Kramer, Army Materiel System Analysis Agency. C T1 V n ;,9' NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS (NOFORN) Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 B. Data Base for RNG Experiments 2 In 1970, H. Schmidt'reported that he had observed significant perturbations by psychoenergetic means, of an otherwise binary (0, 1) random sequence that was derived from the beta decay of strontium 90 90Sr. The binary sequence was produced by the random interruption of a high 90 speed binary electronic clock when an electron from the Sr decay was detected. The sequence generation rate was approximately 1/s. In this experiment individuals were asked to focus their atten- tion on the electronic system by remote viewing the noise source, and monitoring any effects that occurred by watching the random walk of a display light feedback system. (A circular array of lights was used to indicate the state of the interrupted clock by advancing the position of the activated light clockwise for each logical "1" and counterclockwise for each "0".) resulting binary (0, l)_sequence was found to contain only 49.1% 1's. - Since the total sequence had a length of over 32,000 bits, the deficit of l's was highly significant. The probability of such a result occurring by chance is less than one in a thousand. Furthermore, during extensive control runs when no individual was focusing his attention on the electronic - hardware, the system performed according to the usual binomial statistic, -3- zI Approved For Release 20 4/ WW1*'~AU9 VNIAM Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 and showed no statistical effect.- Appendix A contains the original paper describing this experiment. reported in the literature (see'Table 1). Of these, 35 reported signifi- cant departure from'chance expectation, and none reported similar effects during'control runs We Gan?summarize the data base generated in these experiments as follows: The generation rate extended from a few per second to 300 per second. ? The sequence lengths varied from 103 to 105 bits. I ? Beta decay and thermal noise were used as sources of randomness. ? The effects (deviation from 50% chance expectation) were on the order of 1% to 5%. ? Control runs did not yield results which differ sig- nificantly from chance expectation. As an overall evaluation of the data base, it is unlikely that the apparent RP effect is simply an artifact of selected reporting by the laboratories involved; even if one were to assume that there were 10 unreported non- significant experiments for each reported significant one, the entire expanded data base would still show significant effects with odds against chance of better than 2000:1. 3. Critique of Data-Base There are, however, two characteristics of this data base which pose problems. First, the effects are rarely stable with one individual's RP effort,.the quoted results being averages over a number of individuals. Secondly, the physical environment of the noise sources and associated Total RNG Data ;Base As of 1978, a total of 54 experiments of this type had been -4- Approved For Release 2O?1/Q4/02r: CIA-ROP96-OO 8& 2OGO2' QOM .~ , r NATIONALS (NOFORN) Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 rigglsz~ RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR EXPERIMENTS--DATA BASE Author (reference) Comments Level of Significance Schmidt (3) Preliminary experiment n.s. Main experiment 0.00087 Schmidt (4) 1st cat series 0.016 2nd cat series n.s. 1st roach series 0.0069 2nd roach series 1.2 X 10-4 Schmidt & Pantas (5) Preliminary experiment 0.012 Series I 6.3 X 10-5 Series II 0.0093 Matas & Pantas (6) 0.0014 Andre (7) Experiment I 0.11 Experiment II 0.009 Honorton & Barksdale (8) Group series 0.034 Individual Ss n.s. Selected subject 3.4 X 10-6 Schmidt, (9) Exploratory experiment, 5.6 X 10-6 Confirmatory experiment 2.1 X 10-8- Bierman & Houtkeeper (10) 0.026 Schmidt (11) Experiment I Series 1 0.001 Series 2 0.001 Series 3 0.001 Experiment II Real-time 0.05 Prerecorded 0.0005 Experiment III n.s. Stanford & Fox (12) 0.05 Stanford, et al (13) 0.0069 Braud, et al (14) Experiment I - 0.002 Experiment II 0.05 Experiment III n.s. -5- ' Approved For Rele i ! CIA P 1 v k NATI _N;A -u T_ fi$3sa-o Approved For Release Table 1 (concluded) 96-00788 R002000230006-0 Author (reference) i ' Comments Level of Significance Honorton & May (15) 0.035 May & Honorton (16) 0.011 Millar & Broughton (17) n.s. Millar & Mackenzie (18) n.s. Millar (19) n.s. Honorton & Winnett (20) Meditator 0.018 Winnett & Honorton (21) Meditators 0.0024 Braud & Hartgrove (22) Meditators 0.034 Broughton, et al (23) n.s. Braud (24) i Experiment 1 0.028 Experiment 2 0.022 Experiment 3 n.s. Experiment 4 0.044 .Schmidt (25) Expt. I (prerecorded) 0.00037 Expt. II (prerecorded) n.s. Terry & Schmidt (26) Condition A 0.04 Condition B n.s. Jungerman & Jungerman (27) Experiment 1 n.s. Experiment 2 n.s. Davis & Morrison (28) Experiment 1 n.s. Experiment 2 n.s. New procedure n.s. Braud & Braud (29) Experiment 1 n.s. Fbk 0.05 No fbk 0.05 "Experiment 2 (no fbk) 0.05 electronics. was not discussed in any detail for any of the experiments, so it is possible that some of the effects may be the result of normal and possibly subtle electronic interference. -6- r4 " el ?OT PELE ASABL Approved For Rel m097~~8~b3-0 Approved For Release 20 P96-00788 R002000230006-0 We intend to address these two problems by first focusing our attention upon a limited number (9 or less)jof participants who have shown previous expertise as remote viewers. By using experienced remote viewers, it is anticipated that we should observe an effect within this limited number, rather than having to average over large numbers of individuals as in the data base experiments: Also, by using more sensitive analysis techniques than have been used previously, even a small effect can be Secondly to assure ourselves that the noise sources are suffic- iently free of even subtle (but normal) electronic nonrandomness, we intend to use the rigorous construction and design techniques possible (battery power, optically coupled signals, etc.) to isolate the sources from normal environmental influences. Furthermore, the noise sources will be chosen for their internal simplicity30 and thus may be amenable to realistic mathematical modelling. Using the models, we are able to calculate by .Monte Carlo techniques a noise source's dependence on various external and internal physical parameters. If it is possible to have a stable remote perturbation source and detection system, no matter how small the effect, we would be able to investigate the nature of this interaction in a most straightforward manner. For example, distance effects could be accurately determined simply by doing experiments as a function of participant/device separation distance which in principal could range as far as interplanetary distances if necessary. Shielding and other effects could be investigated by placing the detection system in various environments. Most importantly, we could investigate the relation (if any) between remote viewing and remote per- turbation. Some relation might be expected-since in ordinary physical interactions information about the state of a system can be obtained only Approved For Release 200 Approved For Release 2001i1IA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 by way of some interaction with the system, which in some cases is supplied by the observer. We might therefore expect an observable dependence between RV and RP under certain conditions. D. 1 Technical Application Using the proper analysis procedure, even a very small effect can be made to operate a mentally-activated switch with arbitrarily high reliability. -8- ~' NOT FELEASABLE TO FOREIGN Approved For Release 2 1'/ -1 9 ffi ,960230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 WE RUT A. General We intend to replicate the type of experiments that are represented by the data base discussed in the previous section. These experiments are to be carried out however, under conditions more rigorously controlled. As with the, earlier experiments, our proposed experiments contain three (1) Noise sources--$ decay, noise diode. (2) Analysis and recording techniques--LSI-11, floppy- disk-based microcomputer. (3) Feedbank display--video system. In this section we describe the assumptions and the independent and dependent variables that are implied in such an experiment. This section also contains an outline of the hardware and software components of the complete random number generator system. B. Assumptions The characteristics of this hypothesized remote perturbation process are completely unknown. The data base suggests that the putative effect is quite small, so it is reasonable to make a few assumptions about our ,_analysis hardware (LSI-11 microcomputer), the experiments: (1) the recording device (floppy disk system), and the display devices (computer- driven video monitors) are to first order assumed to be stable against remote perturbation processes, the effect being assumed to be isolated within the random noise sources exclusively (an assumption that can be checked during the course of experimentation); (2) the source of the remote -9- Approved For Release 2QQj4h1"1'P-YfiWhmR qg ? d ~q1r 4 Approved For Release 2001199(02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 4 pertubation is assumed to be the human participant. Evidence to date tends to support these assumptions. C. Independent Variables There are three primary independent variables that may be varied during the course of the investigation: (1) Participant/no participant.. i (2) Source variation (beta decay, noise diode, pseudo random). (3) Feedback display variation. D. ;Dependent Variables There' is only one dependent variable, namely the output of the statistical analysis of the binary bit stream derived from the noise E. Aardware An electronic instrument that is designed to be sensitive to remote pertubation processes contains three basic elements: sources of randomness an analysis capability, and a feedback mechanism. We propose to integrate these components with our existing Digital Equipment Corporation LSI-11/2 microcomputer system. Figure 4 shows a block diagram for such a system. 1. Random Sources_ We will consider three types of random sources: an electronic noise disk, a radioactive (beta) decay source, and a pseudo-random feed- back shift register.- Approved For Release 200J ATIDiti I FORN) Approved For Release 2001 /QA I P96-00788R002000230006=0 THERMAL NOISE ELECTRON DECAY SHIFT REGISTER 16-BIT LSI-11 COMPUTER COLOR GRAPHICS FEEDBACK GRAPHICS TABLET FIGURE 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUMENT DESIGNED TO BE SENSITIVE TO REMOTE PERTURBATION PROCESSES a. Electronic Noise Diode In a preliminary design effort carried out in another program, we have determined a suitable electronic noise diode. The diode, first constructed by Haitz,30 is well understood from the quantum mechanical point of view. We propose to design a binary noise source derived from the beta decay of carbon 14 (14C) and prometheum 147 (147Pr). We have chosen these isotopes since they are 100% beta emitters with no competing decay modes, and thus provide a simple radioactive decay spectrum. To insure isolation from spurious power line transients we plan to use battery-operated Approved For Release 2001,44 R[F6~7~l1~~7ORN) ATICI\ALS (NO1' Approved For Release 200 rt 96-00788R002000230006-0 surface barrier detector with charge-sensitive preamplifier and associated shaping circuitry to produce the random binary noise signal. This and the electronic noise source will. be optically coupled to the LSI-11. To act as a control noise source we will optically: couple a standard pseudo-random shift register to the LSI-11. The binary output of such a device has the property that although the sequence meets a number of criteria for randomness, the sequence is deterministic, once the starting seed for the register is given. The analysis and control portion of the system consists of an i existing project LSI-11 microcomputer. To obtain an input, the LSI-11 is programmed to sample one of the noise sources at a specified rate to obtain its random bits. A sequence of such samples is tested by the LSI-11 for an excess or deficiency of l's on a continuous basis, using a sequential analysis statistical technique. 31,32 The sequential-analysis technique is an extremely efficient technique for determining whether the output of the binary random generator contains a distribution of 0's and l's as expected for an unperturbed source, or is distorted due to, say, RP influence. The principal advantage of the sequential sampling technique as compared with other methods is that, on average, fewer bits per final decision are required (roughly 50%) for an equivalent degree of reliability. Before we are able to detect that the random output of the binary generator has been distorted, we must a priori define how much distortion we require to conclude that there is an effect,. and what sta- tistical risks we are willing to accept for making an incorrect decision as to whether the disturbation under consideration is indeed distorted. Approved For Release 2QUQ4ro2 P('~1lA-R -~f~ ~~ } C1~1 ~~ r Approved For Release 200 DP96-00788R002000230006-0 To meet these criteria sequential analysis requires the specification of four parameters to determine from which of two binomial distributions under consideration (distorted or undistorted) a data sample belongs. The four parameters are: p 0 , the fraction of l's expected. in an undistorted distribution (e.g., 50%); pl, the fraction of l's assigned a priori to define a distorted distribution (e.g., 60%); a, the a priori assigned acceptable probability for concluding that the random source is perturbed (p1 distribution) when in fact it is not perturbed, i.e., the correct distribution is the p one (Type I error); 0, the a priori assigned acceptable probability for concluding that the random source is unperturbed (po distribution) when in fact it is perturbed (p1 distribution), i.e., the correct distribution is the pl one (Type II error). With the parameters thus specified, the sequential sampling procedure provides for construction of a decision graph as shown in Figure 5, The decision graph gives a rule of procedure for making one of three possible decisions following the sampling of each bit: continue sampling before making a decision (Region I in Figure 5); label the sequence as undistorted; label the sequence as distorted (Region III). Sampling rules can be defined for the nth sample: (1) Sample the binary sequence (2) Sum the numbers of l's to date (3) If the sum of l's lies in Region I then do Step (1). (4) If the sum lies in Region II, stop the run, . concluding that the binary sequence is derived from-the'-undistorted po distribution. (5) If the sum lies in Region III, stop the run, concluding that the binary sequence is derived from the distorted pl distribution. Utilization of the above statistical procedure permits analysis of the binary noise sequence for excess l's or 0's by the most efficient technique T RELEASABLE TO FOR, Approved For Release ~, SIA $8RAO10Q,02300M-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 -9 NOR "nn 100 160 200 SAMPLES FIGURE 5 IF THE ACCUMULATED.. NUMBER OF 1's ENTERS REGION III, THE SEQUENCE IS ACCEPTED AS PERTURBED --if it enters Region 11, the sequence is accepted as unperturbed, and no decision is made while the accumulated number of is remains in Region 1. Approved For Release OT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN IA $18ROOUQ0230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/0j/,0.4 ftlfDP96OO788ROO2OOO23OOO6O 3. Display The feedback display to the participant consists of two inde- pendent color video channels. The output from the computer analysis of the binary bit stream will "drive" some interesting aspect of the video image. The second channel may be connected to a video recorder for later off-line analysis. 4. Hardware Redundancy Using a computer system such as the one described above as a possible detector of remote perturbation, it is important to have as much hardware redundancy as possible. Particularly in the areas of data recording and feedback display. As was stated above, the most likely assumptions for experiments of this type are that the recording and display hardware are stable with respect to remote perturbation processes.,, It is possible to examine partially the validity of these assumptions with suitable hardware redundancy. We plan to record the raw noise data prior to analysis, and to record the feedback display on video tape during the experiment, using the second channel of the display facility. After the participant has left the area, a comparison can be made between the actual display during the experiment and the display which is now generated from the recorded raw data of the experiment. If there is a disagreement, we are able to isolate the pertubation to the analysis display (as opposed to source) hardware. An agreement between the two displays is an indica- tion that the initial assumptions are valid. ~ NOT I;T;LEASABLE TO FOREIGN Approved For Release 20711 / 2 . IA-R?'FE'81b230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Vrv A. Selection Criteria Missile Research and'Development Command (MIRADCOM), Army Materiel'' System Analysis Agency (AMSAA), and SRI International have individuals who are presently, or have past experience in, participating in remote viewing experiments. The MIRADCOM and AMSAA participants` are government employees. The SRI participants are consultants or members of the SRI staff-and will work'if selected in a contractural arrangement. Only those individuals who indicate a positive desire to participate, after familiarization with the remote perturbation experiments and procedures, will be accepted into the RP program. An information and consent form is included below (Section D). In addition-to willingness to participate, special attention will be paid to enlisting the support and participation of those subjects who have already demonstrated ability in the area of remote viewing. B. Experiment Duration The total duration of the investigation is 6 months. Experiment sessions will take place during the normal work week and will not exceed 1/2 hour length each. There will be no more than 2 sessions per day, one in the mo-rnin-gafi4,one in the afternoon. C. Number of Participants We plan to seek only experienced remote viewers to participate in this investigation, and we expect to work with no more than nine individuals. All participants are to be in general good health, as determined by a standard employment physical examination. Approved For Release 2001/04/02: CI~gP.~97RR~002000230006-0 E TO FOREIGN VP r, T, -1 NATIO?; !LS (NOFORhT) i Approved For Release 2001 -RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 I, SSN having attained my eighteenth (18th) birthday, and otherwise having full capacity to consent, do hereby volunteer to participate in this program to determine the nature, and possible applications of inherent psychic abilities. The following items have been explained to me by, and are set forth on the reverse side of this agreement, which I have initialed. a. The .nature, duration, purposes, and expected benefits of. the program in which I will be participating. b. The methods and means by which the program is to be conducted; any methods and means that are experimental will be identified as such. c. The inconveniences, hazards, discomforts, risks or other effects on my health or person which may possibly come from my participation in the program. d. The alternative procedures, if any, that might be employed to protect or further my health and well-being. I have been given an oppor- to ask questions concerning this project and any such questions have tunity been answered to my full and complete satisfaction. I understand that I may at any time during the course of this project revoke my consent and withdraw from the study without prejudice; however, I may be requested to undergo certain further examinations, if, in the opinion of a qualified physician, such examinations are necessary for my health or well-being. (Name) (Date) I was present during the explanation referred to above, as well as the volunteer's opportunity for questions, and hereby witness his signature. I am not involved in the program in any way. (Name) -17-' (Date) 1 OT gE1,EASABLE TO FOREIGN Approved For Release RMMLbtft 6 0230006-0 Approved For Release 2001)041 ! 6-00788R002000230006-0 1. Explanation of the Experiments. The purpose of these experiments is to determine the extent to which a person is able to mentally perturb or affect sensitive electronic equipment. In this case a random number gener- ator will control a variety of different video displays generated by a small computer. Your interaction with the computer is to be by mental means alone. You will be asked to try to make changes in the video display; or, in biofeedback terminology, to use passive volition to produce the desired change. We are naming this interaction between a person and a remote system remote perturbation,;or RP for short. We are endeavoring to both foster and understand these abilities. i In the course of these experiments, no drugs, hypnosis, psychopharma- cological agents of any kind or.subliminal stimulation will be used. :{ 2. Explanation of the Procedures. You will be asked to sit'in a cotn- fortably appointed environment on Redstone Arsenal(see Figure 6). -A video display will be present which you may attend to if you wish. In the course of a half-hour session, a number of electronically controlled runs will be carried out,-in which you will be asked to try to cause a change'on the video monitor, by an act of will. You will receive immediate feedback, if you wish, to assist you in gaining conscious control over the remote per- -- turbation abilities we are examining. You will be asked to participate in no more than one half-hour session in the morning, and, one half-hour session in the afternoon. At any time you may decline to take part in either session, without prejudice to your continued participation in the program. 04 3. Description of Reasonably-Expected Inconveniences, Hazards, Discomfort, Risks, or Other Effects. There is no known evidence for any adverse effects or risks associated with participation in research of this type., Investigations such as these have been carried out in laboratories for almost a hundred years in the United States and England, and there is no record of any type of hazard or discomfort to a participating subject. 4. Description of Any Alternative Procedure that Might be Employed to Protect the Subject's Health. There is no known risk to protect against. 5. Description of Alternative Advantages to the Volunteer. He has opportunity to gain conscious control over otherwise latent or unconscious processes within himself. 6. Questions Posed by Volunteer--and Answers. (To be filled in.) Volunteer w,'_1l initial end-of each of the above paragraphs. -18- Approved For Release AMUW" A-R[9TC MyAffifflt Appro 2001/Q416-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 E. Medical Facilities- 1. Personal Injuries or Illnesses General When accidents occur involving personal injuries to project members or, subjects, or1 when a project member or subject experiences a sudden onset of illness, the supervisor shall: .(1) Ensure that the project member or subject receives first aid and medical care immediately; (2) If the accident or illness is serious enough to warrant addi- tional assistance, dial 6-5854 for the emergency room, Fox Army Hospital, Redstone Arsenal, and, if necessary, 6-6110 for ambulance service to the hospital; (3) Investigate the accident or illness, and prepare in duplicate an Accident/Illness Investigation Report. This report must be submitted to the Project Manager or his designee the same day. The Project Manager will sign the report and forward the original to Occupational Health, Bldg 7110, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809. Medical Assistance in Case of Injury The Fox Army Hospital, Redstone Arsenal, has been designated to handle accident and illness cases occurring on-post at Redstone Arsenal. The emergency room service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Emergency Response Program The Project Manager, or his designated alternate, is responsible for the preparation of the Emergency Program and the coordination of all emergency activities. He has complete authority to take whatever action Approved For Relea igj*~Bww_v- Approved For Rel A-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 is necessary to protect human life or property in time of an emergency. Procedure In the event of, and depending on the type of emergency, the person involved will as soon as practical: (1) Dial117 for Fire Department j j (2) Dial16-6110 for ambulance service .(3) Dial 6-5854 for Medical Officer of the Day (Foxy Army Hospital) (4) While waiting for assistance and (a) if the injured person is bleeding profusely, the first alder should try to stop the flow of blood (e.g., direct pressure should be applied over the wound, and if necessary a tourniquet should be applied); (b) if the injured or ill person is not breathing, the first aider should apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or whatever method he is most familiar with, in order to revive the injured person as soon as possible; . (c) if the injured or ill person is suffering from shock, he or she should be wrapped or covered with a blanket. Emergency on post ambulance service may be obtained on a 24-hour basis. A driver and attendant will be pre's'ent with each ambulance. These personnel will be familiar with and capable of operating the emergency life saving japparatus installed-in he. ambulance. 3. Insurance Coverage Medical and Disability Benefits. Participants in the Remote Viewing activities will fall into three classes; with resulting differ- Approved For Release 20 , d? r - D ~~ ~. Approved For Release 00788 R002000230006-0 ences in their insurance coverage. SRI Employees (California). Their participation in the project will be as part of their employment at SRI. Therefore, if they sustain any injury or illness as a result of their participation in the project, they would by entitled to the benefits of Worker's Compensation Insurance, as prescribed by the State of California. These bnefits include, full medical treatment, reimbursement for lost wages (subject to statutory a limitations)i, and awards for permanent disability if any. U.S. ' Government Employees. Their participation would be in the course of their employment with the U.S. Government, and so they would be entitled to the federal equivalent of Worker's Compensation Insurance benefits. 04 Individual Consultants. As independent contractors, consultants would not be covered by Worker's Compensation Insurance, nor would they be covered by any of the insurance benefits available to SRI employees or government employees. They would have to look to.their own personal insurance for protection. F. Debriefing Schedule 1. Session Debriefing At the end of each experimental session, the subject will be given all the data available pertaining to that group of trials. Any statistical significance or lack thereof will also be clearly explained to Approved For Release 0 IA T 6RW U9 Affiw~-O Approved For Release 20 RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 2. Experiment Debriefing. At the conclusion of experimental testing, a final unclassified report will be prepared, summarizing all results from the experiment, together with any conclusions or scientific findings that may have come out of the study. The report will be given to each participating subject. Finally, any remaining questions that the subjects may have about the experiment will be answered. 1 3. Specific Debriefing Protocols We do not anticipate that participation in these experiments will have any effect on the day-to-day life of the subjects. This study Lt ishpurely intellectual activity, and we believe that the debriefing provided by the final technical report will be a suitable termination of the experiment for the -subject. Cr-~ NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN kl.U IL NATIONALS (NOFORN) -22- Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release-2q9 0 CIA-RDP96-00788ROO2000230006-0 IV INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS CRITERIA The first 4 months of the investigation will be used as a pilot period during which the, participants will familiarize themselves with the experiment and explore various techniques in a learning mode. This period will also be used to optimize the device parameters. During the final two months of the investigation, each participant will be asked to contribute 100 runs. Using the analysis described above, we will determine the number of runs that had odds against chance expectation of greater than 20:1. If this total number of runs is greater than 10 (the number required by exact binomial calculation to meet odds against chance of greater than 20:1) then we will declare that partici- pant to have a significant result. To assess whether the entire investi- gation is significant, we shall combine the results of the six participants using standard statistical procedures. 33 NOT PELEASABLE TO NATIONALS (NO ORN)FOREIGN -23- Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 V ENVIRONMENT The laboratory in which these experiments will be conducted is located on Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The room to be used for this work is a comfortable, carpeted, air- conditioned environment. It is lit by a combination of fluorescent and incandescent fixtures in the ceiling. There is a couch, an easy chair, and two tables. The.computer graphics terminal stands on one of these tables. The participant will be seated on a conventional reclining swivel Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 1. H. E. Puthoff and R. Targ, "Physics, Entropy, and Psychokinesis," Proc. 23rd Annual International Conference, Quantum Physics and Parapsychology, Geneva, Switzerland (August 1974). 2. H. Schmidt, "A PK Test with Electronic Equipment," J. Parapsychology, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 175-181 (cYptember 1970). 3. H. Schmidt, J. Parapsychology, Vol. 34, p 175 (1970). 4. H.-Schmidt, J. Parapsychology, Vol. 34, p. 255 (1970). 5. H. Schmidt and L. Pantas, J. Parapsychology, Vol. 36, p. 222 (1972). 6. F. Matas and L. Pantas, Proc. Parapsychol. Assn., Vol. 8, p. 12 (1971). 7. E. Andre, J. Parapsychology, Vol. 36, p. 283 (1972). S. C. Honorton and W. Barksdale, J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Research, Vol. 66, p. 208 (1972). 9. H. Schmidt, J. Parapsychology, Vol. 37, p. 105 (1973). 10. D. J. Bierman and J. M. Houtkeeper, European J. Parapsychology, Vol. 1, p. 3 (1975). 11. H. Schmidt, J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Research, Vol. 70, p. 267 (1976). 12. R. G. Stanford and C. Fox, Research in Parapsychology 1974, Vol. 61 13. R. G. Stanford, R. Zenhausern, A. Taylor, and M. Dwyer,.J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Research, Vol. 69, p. 127 (1975). 14. W. G. Braud, G. Smith, K. Andrew, and S. Willis, Research in Para- psychology 1975, Vol. 85. 15. C. Honorton and E. C. May, Research in Parapsychology 1975, Vol. 90. 16. E. C. May and C; Honorton, Research in Parapsychology 1975, Vol. 88. -25- Approved For Release 20 T ;.r ,~ v .: ?DTI A RMWA paw-0 ? Approved For R CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 i Research in Prapsychology-1975-, Vol. 83. 17. B.I~illar and R. Broughton, Research in Parapsychology 19761 Vol. 23. 18. B. Millar and J. Mackenzie, Assoc. Meeting 1977. . B. Millar , Parapsychology 19. Research in Parapsychology , Vol. 97 C. Bonorton and R. Winnett, Research in parapsychology 1976., Vol' 95- 21. R. Winnett and C. Honorton, 1977. G. Braud and J. Hartgrove, Parapsychology Assoc. Meeting 22. W. 1977, Vol. 41. Research in ParaPSYc--- 23. R. Broughton, et al, Assoc. Meeting 1976. Parapsychology w. G. Braud, 24. 25. Research in Parapsychology 1977. H. Schmidt, 36 Vol. 1977 26. , Research in Parapsychology J. Terry and H. Schmidt, Vol. 157. logy 1977, h o Research n Parapsyc i 27 J. Jungerman and R. Jungerman, 163. Vol . 28. . s chology 1977, J. Davis and R. Morrison, Research in Parap Y Vol. 135. 1977 29. , I,? W. Braud,and W. G. Braud, Research in Parapsychology Diodes 30. with Avalanch " Controlled Noise Generation wi342-346 R. H. Haiti, Vol. ED-13, No. 3, pP? Electron Devices, on IEEE Transaction (March 1966)? New York Sequential Analysis, Dover Publications, Inc., 31. A. Wald, (1973)" John Wiley and Mathematical Statistics, 32. M. FiSZ, Probability Theory & Sons, Inc., pp. 584-611, New York (1973). ies,11.Psvchological "Combining Results of independent Stu( 33. R. Rosenthal, 1, pp? 155-193. Vol. 85., No. Bulleti 1978, rE SABLE TO FOREIGN -26- .TOT F NOFORN), ATIO Approved For Release A-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 CIA-RDP96-00788ROO2000230006-0 Appendix A A PK TEST WITH ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT by H. Schmidt Approved For Relea RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN FMAWOS IMP0230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 'The Joux'naJ of P .ra+p s rchO1og V SEPTEMBER 1970 NUMBER 3 A PK TEST WITH ELECT By HELMUT SCHMIDT ABSTRACT: The subjects in this research were tested fore their number g nc ability by means of an electronic apparatus made up of erator (RNG) connected with a display panel. The RNG produced random se- quences of two numbers which were determined by a simple quantum process (the decay of radioactive strontium-90 nuclei). essential aspect of the display panel was a circle of nine lamps which lighted one at a time in the which kpthe (+1) direction or the counterclockwise (-1) direction depending clockwise or cothe RNG produced. The subject's unterclockwise motion and try by P k to make thec light l proceed was to in that direction s" of the light, and there were four runs One run was made up of 128 "jump per session. In a preliminary series of 216 runs, the 18 and e subjects had a negative expected to give negative deviation of 129 hits. Accordingly, the main series was escores, and a negative attitude was encouraged among the subjects. Fifteen sub- jects carried out 256 runs, with a significant negative deviation of 302 hits (p = .001). experiment and was The RNG was checked for randomness throughout the found to be adequate Ed. In previous work (4, 5) the author was able to get significant ev- idence of precognition in which the testing apparatus was an elec- tronic device based on a simple quantum process. The present experiment was an attempt to get significant evidence of psychoki- nesis by the use of a similar apparatus. The basic part of the apparatus was a binary random number generator which produced the numbers "+1" and "-1" in random sequence, and the general objective was to have the subjects try to mentally influence the generator to produce one of the two numbers more frequently than the other. -28- ynT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN (NOFORN) Approved For Re 1 /02: CIA9788R002000230006-0 CPYRGHT Approved For Release 2001/04/02: CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 CPYRGHT 176 The Journal of Parapsychology The most easily available random generators, which have been used in many PK experiments, are a rolled die and a flipped coin. In comparison with these, an electronic random generator, the op- eration of which most of the subjects cannot understand, may at first thought seem psychologically unfavorable. Results of experiments with complex targets (3, p. 142), however, suggest that PK is goal 9 oriented in the sense that results can be obtained by concentrating on the goal only, no matter how complicated the intermediate' steps may seem to the rationalizing mind. A definite advantage of an elec- tronic apparatus is chat it permits a psychologically challenging for- mulation of the goal. In the present experiment the random number generator (RNG) was connected with a display panel showing a circle of nine lamps. One lamp was lit at a time, and each generated "+1" or "--1" caused the light to jump one step in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, respectively. The subjects were not asked to try to force the generator to produce more +1's than -I's but, rather, to force the light on the panel to make more jumps in one direction or the other. Both tasks are certainly equivalent, but the latter seems psychologically much more appealing to most sub- jects. A further obvious advantage of electronic test equipment is that the detailed results can be automatically recorded and evaluated and that one can work, if desired, at high speeds. The particular type of random generator used here was chosen partly for practical and partly for theoretical reasons. The sequence in which the random numbers are produced is determined by simple quantum processes, the decays of radioactive strontium-90 nuclei. The electrons emitted in this decay trigger a Geiger counter, and the random times at which electrons are registered at the Geiger counter decide the generated numbers. Practically, the generator is easy to build, and the randomness of the generated numbers has been found to be very good. Furthermore, the simplicity of the gen- erator allows a complete theoretical discussion (6) of its random- ness properties,;,and in addition, one* can say fairly well at which point the random element in the number generation comes in. The generator is essentially deterministic except for the random decay times of the nuclei. The use of simple quantum jumps to provide randomness is, for -29- '~'OT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN + T IONALS (NOFORN), Approved For Releas '4104102 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02: CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 CPYRGHT A PK Test with Electronic Equipment 177 the theorist, a rather natural choice, since these processes are as- sumed by physicists to be nature's most elementary source of randomness, and some psi tests utilizing quantum processes have already been reported (1, 2). Certainly, the outcome of a die throw is also largely determined by microscopic quantum processes. The thermal vibrations of the surface and the air fluctuations at an atomic. level co-determine the generated die face. The process in this case is much more complicated, however, since many more factors con- tribute to the end result. The test equipment consisted of a binary random number gen- erator and a display panel. Random Number Generator The RNG, which was similar to the one described in connection with earlier precognition experiments (4, 5, 6), can produce se- quences of binary random numbers of any specified length. Electrons emitted by the strontium-90 decay trigger a Geiger counter and the momentary position of a binary high frequency counter at the time of the electron registration determines whether a "+1" or a "-1" is generated. The numbers of electrical pulses produced on the +1 output and the -1 output are recorded by two electromechanical reset counters, and the complete sequence of generated numbers is recorded on paper punch tape. Randomness Tests Because of the simplicity of the circuitry, the degree of random- ness to be expected of the RNG can be discussed in detail (6) and it can be shown to be much greater than required by the experiment. The electronic circuitry is designed so that variations in the characteristics of the components cannot impair the randomness. In order to guard.against any gross malfunctions, the proper electronic operation was tested frequently. Furthermore, the randomness of the generated number sequence was tested experimentally. For this purpose, a sequence of four million numbers, generated on many Approved For Rel 0.SAT'>t1E TO r un~?~?~~. 00 NOT REEF- NOFpRN). 2 : GI9 -00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 -seee~e- CPYRGHT 178 The Journal of Parapsychology different days, was recorded on paper tape. Then for the whole se quence the numbers N+, N- of generated +1's and -l's were counted and were found to be consistent with randomness, as was the total number of flips (F) ; i.e., events where a +1 was followed by a -1 or vice versa. The same procedure was applied to the 400 number sequences obtained by cutting the whole sequence into blocks of 10,000 numbers each. A goodness-of-fit test verified that the 400 values for +1 and -1, and the 400 values for F were con- sistent with their expected normal distribution. Display Panel In testing with this apparatus, the two above-mentioned counters for the numbers of generated +1's and -l's could serve as the only display, i.e., the (visual) focusing point toward which the subject could have directed his PK efforts. In this case, the subject might try to enforce mentally on the +1 counter a higher number of counts than on the -1 counter. It seemed desirable, however, to use a psy- chologically more stimulating display in the form of a panel with nine lamps arranged in a circle and connected to the RNG by a 30- foot long cable. One of the nine lamps was lighted at a time ; and each time the RNG produced a signal, the light advanced one step in the clockwise or the counterclockwise direction according to whether the signal came to the +1 or the -1 output. Thus the light performed a "random walk" among the nine lamps. Rather than di- rect his PK toward the counters, then, the subject generally tried to "will" the light on the display panel to - advance in an overall clockwise motion. Some of the subjects, however, preferred to force the light in the counterclockwise direction. For them the two signal wires from the RNG to the display panel were interchanged by flipping a switch on the display panel so that a count on the +1 counter was displayed as a jump of the light in the counterclockwise direction. Thus, for all subjects, a jump of the lamp in the preferred direction, whether- clockwise or counterclockwise, was registered on the +1 counter. TEST PROCEDURE The subjects in this experiment were members of the Institute for parapsychology plus a few visitors. During a test session, the -31- NOT pELEAS ABLE TO x''CIMIGN - 1 LS (NOFORN). n'r PT Approved For Relea Cl t -00788R002000230006-0 11 -Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006'0 CPYRGHT A PK Test with Electronic Equipment 179 subject sat in a dark closet with the display panel in front of him. The RNG and .the experimenter were stationed in the room outside the closet. Each testing session comprised 4 runs of 128 counts (steps in the random walk). A run took approximately two minutes. The machine stopped automatically after the one hundred and twenty- eighth count. There were short breaks, mostly between one-half arF4,, two minutes, between the runs. At the beginning of each run, the subject, having decided in which direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) he wanted to in- fluence the light to go, set a switch on the panel accordingly. Then the experimenter turned on the start switch, causing the RNG to generate 128 random numbers. At the end of each run, the experi- menter recorded the readings of the +1 counter and -1 counter. The correctness of the counter readings was later checked with the sequence of generated numbers recorded on the paper punch tape. From the experimenter's point of view, the subject's goal was always to produce a high number of +1 counts. From the subject's viewpoint the equivalent goal was to influence the light in the di- rection desired and indicated by the position of the switch on the display' panel. The subject was permitted to flip the switch during the course of a run so as to change the direction in which he wanted the hits displayed, but only a few subjects actually took advantage of the op- portunity. With this arrangement, the subject could have had the impression that he was doing a test in precognition (by setting the switch in the direction in which he thought the light would move on the next jump) while he was actually doing a PK test. There were 18 subjects in the preliminary series and they carried out a total of 54 sessions, each subject contributing from one to seven sessions. The total score was a negative deviation of 129 hits below chance expectation out of 216 runs; CR = 1.55. These results in- dude one subject who obtained a high positive score of 52 hits above chance in 16 runs (CR = 2.3). NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS (NOFORN), 01, Approved For Releas =.CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 CPYRGHT 180 The Journal of Parapsychology MAIN SERIES It was expected on the basis of the preliminary results that by leaving out the one high-scoring subject, an overall significantly negative score would be obtained in the main series. In order to em- phasize the negative scoring, some subjects were asked to associate feelings of pessimism: and failure with the experiment. The more negative-scoring subjects were used more frequently, and a few new subjects were allowed to contribute only after preliminary tests had suggested a negative scoring tendency. The total length of the experiment was set in advance at 64 ses- sions of four runs each. It was not determined in advance, however, how many sessions each individual subject should contribute. Alto- gether there were 15 subjects and they contributed between one and 10 sessions each. Although the proper randomness of the generator had been tested extensively, as mentioned before, a further safeguard against a pos- sible bias of the generator was introduced. After the first half of the confirmatory test was completed the two outputs of the generator were internally interchanged. Thus, even a constant bias in the gen- erator could not have caused the total significant score to be reported. A total of 256 runs in this part of the experiment yielded a neg- ative deviation of 302 hits (CR = 3.33; P < .001, two-tailed). Of the 64 sessions, 46 gave below-chance scores, 15 above-chance scores, and three were just at chance level (CR = 4.0). Of the 256 runs, 147 were below chance, 92 above chance, and 17 at chance level (CR = 3.55). These three CR values are certainly not independent, but they do emphasize the consistency of the results. A post hoc analysis of the data showed two types of decline effect : more negative scoring in the second half of each.run than in the first; and more negative scoring in the second half (the third and fourth runs) of each session than in the first half (first two runs). The decline results, however, are suggestive rather than sta- tistically significant- Deviation for pooled first half of the run: -91 Deviation for pooled second half of the run: -211 Deviation for the pooled first half of the session: -83 Deviation for the pooled second half of the session:-219 Approved For Releas ',NMT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN N 1OR'099R0 8230006-0 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230006-0 CPYRGHT A PK Test with Electronic Equipment 181 ' DlscussloN The result of the experiment shows that the binary random num- ber generator had no bias for generation of +1's or -l's as long as it was left unattended (in the randomness tests) but that it displayed a significant bias when the test subjects concentrated on the display panel, wishing for an increased generation rate of one number. The experiment has been discussed in terms of ?K, but in prin- ciple the result could certainly also be ascribed to precognition on the part of the experimenter or the subject. Since the sequence of generated numbers depended critically on the time when the test run began, and since the experimenter, in consensus with the sub- ject decided when to flip the start switch, precognition might have prompted experimenter and subject to start the run at a time which favored scoring in a certain direction. If the PK interpretation is appropriate, the results imply the action of PK at some distance, since the generator was- separated from the subject by a wall and only the display panel was close to . the subject. REFERENCES 1. BELOFF. J., and EVANS, L. A radioactivity test of psychokinesis. J. Soc. psych. Res., 1961, 41, 41-46. 2. CHAUVIN, R., and GENTHON, J. Eine Untersuchung caber die Mog- lichkeit psychokinetischer Experimente mit Uranium und'Geigerzahler [An investigation of the possibility of PK experiments with ura- nium and a Geiger counter). Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie and Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1965, 8, 140-47. 3. RHINE, L. E. Mind Over Matter. New York: Macmillan, 1970. 4. SCHMIDT, H. Anomalous prediction of quantum processes by some human subjects. Document D1-82-0821 (1969). Boeing Scientific Research Laboratories, Seattle, Washing-ton. Available from Clear- ing House, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, Va. 5. ScnMmT, H. Precognition of a quantum process. J. Parapsychol., 1969, 33, 99-108. 6. SCHMIDT, H. Quantum-mechanical random-number generator. J. app. Physics, 1970, 41 (No. 2), 462-68. In.rtitute for Parapsychology College Station Durham, N. C. 27708 Approved For Release 20 NOT. t,E`LEASABLE TO FOREIGN %800230006-0