ANALYSIS OF BRAINWAVES IN THE QIGONG FUNCTION STATE

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• Publication Date: August 10, 1983
• Content Type: IRR

TITLE: ANALYSIS OF BRAINWAVES IN
THE QIGONG FUNCTION STATE
ORIGINATOR: DIA REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION
BRANCH, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301
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INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT
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SOURCE: NATURE JOURNAL, VOL. 4, N0. 9
SUMMARY: (U) TRANSMITTED AS ENCLOSURE IS DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
TRANSLATION LN730-83.
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ENGLISIt TITLE OF 1RAh'SLATI0N
ANAL"SIS OF BRI'iINiti`.nVES .1N 't'~[E
QIGO:VC; rUNCTI~I~~ ST.~TE
P'le.i Lei, Zhou Chuandai and Chai.
Xinmin (Aviation Medicine Lngin~ering
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FOREIGN TITLE OF DOCUMENT (C ompfere only rl dl!(erent Irom title u!
trynsletion)
NATURE JOLrtNAL, Vol. 4, No. 9
May 1975
Translator's lybte:
"Qigong" is a Chinese system of breath control. The terms "Rujing",
"Baihuichugi", "Chutu", "Fagi.", "}~azi", "Shouxiadantian", "Bihuan" and
"Anjingbi.yaw" apparently refer to specific exercises within the Qigong
system, each of which has a corresponding mental state. The only one of
these I could find anything about is Shouxiadantian, which involves
breathing deeply from the abdomen. Translate3 literally, "Rujing" means
"entering quie!", "Bai}tuichuc}i:" may mean "a hundred assemble and exhale"
"Chutu" ntay mean "exhale patterns", "Fagi" may mean "generate breath",
"Fazi" may means "generate words", "Shouxiadantian" is literally "guard
the public domain", "Bihuan" means "close the ring", and "Artjingbiyan"
is literally "peace IJ1tI1 eyes shut".
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The human brain is regarded as a great system, having many kinds of
functional states. The Qigong functional state may be a distinctive state
among these. The use of various technical procedures to analyze the functional
states of the human brain, and especially of the Qigong functional state,
is of great significance fQr understanding the physiological mechanism of
Qigong and for developing uniform research of the physiology of the human
brain.
In recent years, more and more interest has been developed i.n physiological.
research of Qigong: in particular, it was the discovery of a series of extra-
ordinary abilities of the human body which led to investigation of this area
of science. There are also people abroad who pay attention to and research
some of the special states of the brain, for example, the state of hypnosis,
twilight sleep, reverie, fringe of consciousness, preconscious state, off-
conscious state, transliminal exponence, etc. There has also been much attention
paid in recent years to research into biofeedback which is related to this.
What is still lacking, however, is thorough study of neurophysiology.
We shall try to use brain function measuring technology to conduct brain-
wave analysis of the Qigong functional state and study the place and function
of the human brain in the extraordinary abilities of the human body.
We made brainwave recordings for six test subjects (No. 1-6) who had
the Qigong function. See Table 1 for the Qigong training and testing conditions
of the six subjects.
Test
Year in which
subject
Qigong training began
Test items participated in
1
1980
Rujing, Baihuichugi, Chutu
2
1979
Rujing, Faqi, Baihuichugi, Fazi
3
1978
Rujing, Baihuichugi, Shouxiadantian,
Fazi
4
1977
Rujing, Baihuichugi, Shouxiadantian,
Bihuan, Fazi
5
"Many years ago"
Rujing, Baihuichugi, Shouxiadantian,
Fazi
6
"Long time ago" _
Rujing 1, 2, 3, 4
In order to reduce interference with the test. subjects' Qigong state,
the number of electrodes was reduced as much as possible, and based on the
experience of this laboratory, we recorded the frontal zone (Fz) and occipital
zone (Oz) single-electrode brain waves. The time constant of the system
enlarged by bioelectricity is 0.3 sec, and the high frequency wave filters
are 30 Hz (No. 1, 2, 3, 4) and 60 Hz (No. 5, 6). The results, which are
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stored on a magnetic tape, go through a modular transformation system, and
power spectrum analysis is performed on a general-purpose digital con-puter.
There are 256 sampling points for each second. There are two procedures.
In one procedure, the time of the sample is 2 sec, the average power spectrum
of 8 samples (16 sec) is taken, and the frequency resolution is 0.5 Hz/sec.
In the other procedure, the sample time is 1 sec, and consecutive calculations
continue for 16 sec, forming a power spectrum series chart. The frequency
resolution is 1 Hz/sec. The total calculated power spectrum is 1113.
The test is divided into two groups: in the first group, subjects Nos.
1, 2, 3 and 4 are tested, with one repetition. In the second group, test
subjects Nos. 5 and 6 are tested.
1. In the Qigong functional state, we find in the frontal zone of the
cerebrum the alpha dominance peak where energy is concentrated. Here the
frontal zone-occipital zone relationship is reversed.
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Figure 1. Comprehensive Comparison of Brain Wave Power
Spectra (Test Subjects Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4). Top: Qigong
state; Bottom: Rujing, Anjingbiyan. F = Frontal zone;
0 = Occipital zone; y-axis: Brain electrical power
(uVZ/Hz/SEC); x-axis: Frequency.
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Figure 2. Frontal-Occipital Brain Wave Reversal
(?o. 4 Test Subject). Top: Power Spectrum.
Left: Anjingbiyan; Center, Right: Qigong state.
Bottom: Original brain electricity graph.
Left: Anjingbiyan; Right: Qigong state.
Figure 3. Rujing Process Comparison (Test Subject No. 6).
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At the time of such Qigong activities as Rujing, Shouxiadantian, Fagi,
Baihuichugi, etc., the brain wave forms are fairly similar, all. displaying
predominant wave peaks of relatively concentrated energy in the alpha segment
of the frontal zone brain power spectrum. The upper left part. of Figure 1
is a composite of the four types of frontal brain wave power spectra for
the Qigong state, for the four test subjects of the first group. There is
an obvious prominence of a sharp peak in the alpha segment, while the other
frequency segments do not have any marked wave peaks. In contrast, in the
composite of the occipital power spectra shown in the upper right portion
of Figure 1, the wave peaks are obviously dispersed.
The brain wave observations described above are clearly the opposite
of the brain waves of the normal person. For the sake of comparison, we
calculated the brain wave power spectra of these test subjects for the Anjingbiyan
state, as shown in the bottom of Figure 1. Although when the Qigong master
closes his eyes, he can easily enter the Rujing state. From the figure we
can still see the distinction between the two: namely, at the time of Anjingbiyan,
in the occipital zone there is a concentration of energy in the alpha segment,
while in the frontal zone it is relatively dispersed; thus, it has an inverse
relationship with the brain waves in the Qigong state. In the individual
person's brain wave power spectrum, too, we can see a typical example of
this kind of frontal zone-occipital zone brain wave inverse relationship.
As in the top of Figure 2, in test subject No. 4's Anjingbiyan (left) and
Qigong states (center, right), the frontal-occipital brain wave relationships
are completely reversed. At the bottom of Figure 2 is said test subject's
~~riginal brain graph. At the time of Anjingbiyan, the occipital alpha waves
are dominant; at the time of Rujing, the frontal alpha waves are dominant.
The inverse relationship between frontal and occipital c.an be seen very clearly
with the naked eye.
Figure 4. Rujing Brain {Dave Power Spectrum Series Chart
(Test Subject No. 4). (From bottom to top: 0-16 sec power spectrum).
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Figure 8. Brain Wave "Left Shift" and Resonance.
Top: Comparison of 5 test subjects (from left to
right: Test subjects Nos. 6, S, 4, 3, 2);
y-axis: Power. (uV'/llz/sec); x-axis: Frequency.
Bottom: Test subject No. 5; y-axis: P-value;
x-axis: Frequency (1-60 Hz).
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Figure 9. Fazi Brain Wave Power Spectrum.
Top: Test subject No. 3; Bottom: Test
subject No. 4.
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Figure 10. Fazi Process Analysis (Test Subject No. ~).
9
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Discussion
1. The Extraordinary Nature of the Qigong Functional State
All of our results support this view: Qigong is an extraordinary functional.
state.
The phenomenon of brain alpha wave dominance shifting from the occipital
zone to the frontal zone has not been seen reported in the ordinary states
of ordinary people. In the brain electric power spectra of 50 pilot candidates
recorded in W.R. Adey's "Collective Brain Wave Charts", the frontal zone
is not seen to have any evident alpha peak [3]. However, the greatest power
of the frontal zone alpha peak in the Qigong state reported in this paper
can reach 150 ~V2. This is quite a large change. Only test subject No.
5's frontal zone alpha dominance is not evident. However, his frontal zone
has a clear frequency "left shift" and resonance. We see from the results
of many persons that the brain wave forms of the frontal and occipital zones
are clearly inverse, proving that i.n the Qigong state the human brain functions,
and especially the frontal zone functions, display same kind of qualitative
change (sudden change, transition). Concerning the relation between the
phenomenon of frontal-occipital inverseness (opposition) and qualitative
and quantitative change, we have also pointed out its significance in brain
function research. The qualitative change of the frontal brain functions
may be the foundation for a series of unusual phenomena which appear in the
Qigong state.
2. The Significance of the Qualitative Change of the Frontal Zone Functions
The frontal zone is the region of the brain which is most. recently formed
in the evolution of the cerebrum. In its occurrence in races, its growth
in fetuses and in its cell structure, it is clearly different from other
parts of the brain. Eccles regards the frontal zone as the place where sensory
processes turn into conscious processes [6, 7]. .Regarding the frontal zone
as the important region for conscious activities of the human brain is based
on many physiological facts. In research on color perception, hand coordination
and memory, our laboratory repeatedly observed the special functions of the
frontal zone. Therefore, the qualitative change of the frontal zone functions
in the Qigong state certainly have special significance. It can bring about
some kinds of qualitative change in conscious activity or in the level of
consciousness. In extraordinary functional states, can subconscious activities
enter into the realm of the conscious? Can consciousness be expanded? Can
it produce in the brain some new kind of material category? These may all
be questions which must be explored in research into the unusual functions
of the human brain.
The facts concerning the relation between the-front zone's activity
in "get in touch with" the various sensory and motor regions and the outer
world of the body are already known to physiology. However, the relationship
between the frontal zone and the inner world of the body has been studied
very little. Neuroanatomy proves that the vegetative nervous system-hypothalamus
are connected to the frontal zone through the dorsal nucleus of the thalamus.
The frontal zone can also exert an influence on peripheral systems and the
hypothalamus. Signals of the related internal states of the body (hunger,
thirst, joy, anger, fear, sex, etc.) may be conveyed from the hypothalamus
and peripheral systems (Fascia Hippocampi, Nucleus Amygdalae) through the
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dorsal nucleus of the thalamus to the frontal zone, and cause the consciousness
to be affected by the emotional coloring conveyed. No other cortical region
can have such a clear connection with the hypothalamus. Therefore, there
is very good reason to suppose that the qualitative change of the frontal
zone in the Qigong state "mediates" the connection between the frontal zone
and the inner world of the body, causing the processes which originally belonged
to the subconscious to enter the realm of the conscious, and thus the frontal
zone receives signals of "coloration" from the internal organs. It also
regulates the internal organs, exerting control over all aspects of the "great
system of the human body".
Can signals other than those sensed by the human body's usual five senses
be received through the frontal zone? Adey reports-that the Fascia Hippocampi
responds to electromagnetic oscillations outside the body of 7 Hz (6-8 Hz)
and that electromagnetic rhythms modulated by microwaves can be used to provide
feedback to the human brain in order to amplify the brain waves. He shows
that the human brain has the ability to receive electromagnetic oscillations.
Whether this ability is greatly strengthened in unusual functional states,
and whether the human brain can receive or transmit energy other than electromagnetic
waves, in the way that gravity influences other unknown elements o# the universe,
are questions in "ultra-large system" research which must be answered.
3 The Significance of the Ordering of Frontal Zone Alpha Waves
Concerning the occurrence of alpha waves, there have. been the cortex-
thalamus circuit theory [9, 16], the thalamus center line starting point
theory [11], the thalamus function starting point theory, etc. Although
the points that each theory emphasizes are different, all recognize the function
of the thalamus in the generation of cortical alpha waves. There is a clear
relationship between its nucleus lateralis thalami and the occurrence of
alpha waves. And, as was pointed out in the above section, the dorsal nucleus
of the thalamus is a decisive link between the frontal zone and the hypothalamus.
This indicates that there is a close relation between the appearance of alpha
dominance in the frontal zone and the link-up between the frontal zone and
the hypothalamus. We can assume that in most cases the human brain is oriented
toward the outer world of the body; therefore, the alpha waves of systems
like the occipital zone, which are externally oriented, predominate. The
human brain in the Qigong functional state is oriented toward the inner world
of the body; the frontal zone thalamus and hypothalamus are linked together
and the alpha waves are oriented toward the frontal zone.
Based on research on models of nervous system activity, "Lumped models"
can be divided, according to degree of complexity, into levels K0, Ki, KII,
KIII, etc. [13]. Frontal zone alpha synchronicity in the Qigong state may
represent Fairly high-level KIII-level activity, while desynchronization
may correspond to relatively low-level K0, KI-level activity. The process
(Figure 11) which represents the ordering of neural activity, from desyrichronicity
to synchronicity to supersynchronicity, is interconnected with the nerve
cell Amidine's process of depolarization, polarization and superpolarization.
Haken compares the phenomenon of biological ordering to the phenomenon of
lasers [14]. There is reason to believe that the transition from synchronicity
to supersynchronicity is an energy-staring process, which causes the number
of neurons in the supersynchronicity state to increase. The brain wave resonance
mechanism, too, certainly plays an important role in this process [15]. The
transition from supersynchronicity to desynchronicity is an energy-releasing
process. The slow energy-releasing process is the one more often seen in
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physiology; whether there may also be a faster "excited transition" in which
a large amount of energy is discharged in a short period of time is an extremely
interesting question. Are Zhe "flashing light" phenomenon in the Qigong
state and other forms of energy bursts related to this? We already know
that biological systems have an observable amplification of power. The retina
can in a few milliseconds amplify the energy of a light beam 1,000,000 times
and cause the discharge of neuroelectricity [16]: Astronauts in space can
observe flashing lights caused by heavy particles. Electrical stimulation
in the brain of 0.1-0.01 PV/cm can cause neuroelec~rical activity at a level
of 1 kV/cm [17]. Aside from this, can the synchronizing activity of the
large electrical potential after a sudden electrical shock also produce a
similar response in a biological accelerator? From the standpoint of biological
order and biological radiation, through study of the functional states of
the human mind (primarily the frontal zone) on the macroscopic and microscopic
levels is of great promise in the study of the unusual functions of the human
body and will promote biological research to the vanguard of modern science.
Conclusion
By analyzing the brain wave power spectra for the six test subjects
w~.th Qigong funntions, we obtained the following results:
1. In the Qigong functional. state, the frontal zone of the human brain
displays alpha wave peaks of concentrated energy; in the occipital zone,
on the other hand, no alpha waves are evident. Compared with normal people,
this frontal-occipital brain wave relation is clearly reversed. The longer
the period of Qigong training,-the greater the frontal zone alpha wave peak
value. The largest peak value reaches more than 150 uV2/sec.
2. In the Qigong functional state, the frontal zone alpha wave central
frequency shifts to the left (i.e., shifts toward low frequency). Those
test subjects with long Qigong training display an obvious leftward shift,
reaching at the lowest 7.5 I~z. The frontal zone also displays repeated resonance
waves at 6 Hz intervals, and resonance peaks may also appear between the
frontal and occipital zones.
3. We tentatively observe that the Fazi process is different from other
Qigong states: the brain waves display a desynchronized form and also the
phenomenon of transition between synchronicity and desynchronicity.
We believe that Qigong is an extraordinary functional state. The reversal
of the frontal-occipital brain wave relationship and the supersynchronization
of frontal zone alpha waves are qualitative changes in human brain functions.
We have discussed possible mechanisms of, and the significance of, the ordering
of frontal zone brain waves.
This project was carried out at the suggestion of Professor Qian Zuesen;
the participants were Bao Xiznwen, Zhang Wenjie, Hao Jinyao, Cao Jian, Wang Yonghuai
and Li Yingbo; Comrade Luo Shuming helped perform the data processing, and in the
course of the project we received Chen Xinfu's support and contributions
to discussions. To these we express our appreciation.
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supersyncl+ronicity 1Rttly
synalu++nlciry f h111~
I
stored
energy
released
energy
desynchronicity l Ko~
Figure 11.. Brain Wave Transition Diagram.
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