CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE VOLUME 1, NO. 3 3RD ISSUE

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• Document Page Count: 44
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 19, 2000
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: May 1, 1991
• Content Type: RP

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
VOLUME 1., NO. 3 3RD ISSUE (MAY, 1991)
MATERIAL CIVILIZATION, SPIRITUAL CIVILIZATION AND SOMATIC SCIENCE
BY: Chen Xin
Human civilization includes two major portions, material civilization
and spiritual civilization. This is the result of mankind's reforming the
objective world and the subjective world. The building of civilization in
the spirit of socialism is divided into two aspects, cultural
construction and ideological construction. Cultural construction refers
to the development of education, science, literature, arts, news,
publishing, health, physical education and other cultural matters and
improving the level of knowledge of the people. Ideological construction
refers to the Marxist view of the world and scientific theories, Communist
ideology, beliefs and morals_ Socialist culture is the objective
manifestation of spiritual civilization. Socialist ideology is the
subjective manifestation of spiritual civilization.
Science and technology is a major factor in promoting material
civilization and spiritual civilization. Somatic science research
involves the spiritual and the material, the subjective and the objective,
the relationship between consciousness and the brain. It has formed a new
system which includes Marxilt philosophy, social science and the various
natural sciences. It is a direct major factor in the promotion of
spiritual civilization and material civilization.
SOMATIC SCIENCE AND MATERIAL CIVILIZATION
Modern science and technology has in general gone through three
developmental stages. From the middle of the 16th century to the
beginning of the industrial revolution at the end of the 18th century can
be called the beginning stage of modern science and technology. Such men
as Descartes and Newton laid the foundation of modern science. The second
period, from the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 18th
century to this century was the maturation period of science and
technology. It was during this period that the three great inventions of
the 19th century appeared - the theory of evolution, the theory of cells
and the law of the conservation of energy. At the same time, a series of
classical scientific theories in such fields as dynamics, heat, light,
electricity, chemistry, biology and geology developed to maturity,
basically forming the body of modern science and technology. The third
period, from the beginning of this century to the present day is the
period of tremendous developments in science and technology. Mankind
hopes that the 21st century will become the century of peaceful
development, but economic and technical competition is still very fierce.
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I. LOOKING TOWARD THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS OF THE
21ST CENTURY, IT IS, POSSIBLE THAT THEY WILL BE CHARACTERIZED AS
FOLLOWS
1. It will be characterized by the rapid development of science and
technology. The world's scientific and technologically advanced nations
will concentrate their manpower, materials and wealth on currently
advanced science and technology. At the same time, new major
breakthroughs may occur in the current level of scientific and
technological development in a series of scientific and technological
fields. New scientific theories will also appear, and there will be new
knowledge of the natural phenomena of the universe. This will deeply
affect the development of the worlds production. There will be new
production techniques, new types of biological products, new
synthetic materials , new information, energy and communications
structures. New changes will occur because of this in peoples ideas and
concepts, production methods, social order and life styles.
2. It will be characterized by science and technology closely tied
to economic development. Economic development will become much more
dependent upon science and technology. The make up of commercial products
will include technological factors, technological discoveries will include
scientific factors which will be concentrated to a great degree. There
will also be changes in the division betweens science and technology.
There will be crossovers and overlapping between the fields of basic
research, applied research and technological development. The time in
which scientific and technological discoveries are converted into
commercial products will be greatly shortened.
3. It will be characterized by science and technology which will
develop high technology and accelerate high technology industries. The
development of high technology will determine the world ranking of every
country in the world in the next century. What we call high technology
refers to the establishment on the basis of comprehensive scientific
research, new technology groups on the leading edge of modern science and
technology, which will play a major role in development of productive
forces and promoting social civilization. They are clearly strategic,
risky, and tend to proliferate and permeate. They require concentrated
knowledge, concentrated investments and advanced management. Hi-Tech
Industry uses high technology achievements as the primary technology and
resource investment to produce goods of high value.
4. It will be characterized by science and technology which will
exist worldwide. Because modern science and technology is the basis on
which the newest scientific and technological achievements of the world
are developed, the greater the degree of concentration of technology, the
more and more complex technological development will become and the more
multifarious it will become. There is no country in the world which can
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of its own efforts develop and solve all technology. A number of major
problems affecting the society of man such as environment and resources
are already world wide problems. The trend toward a world wide division
of labor and cooperation in science and technology is becoming more and
more accepted. The world will be one of mutual reliance and mutual
competition.
5. It will be characterized by science and technology where science
and technology, economics and the environment will become more and more
coordinated in their development. For a country, the degree of
modernization of its society will not only be manifest in its degree of
economic and scientific and technological development, but will also be
manifest in the coordinated development of its society, environment,
education and culture. Throughout time, science and technology has
brought mankind great benefits, making tremendous advancements possible in
human society. However, advancements in science and technology have also
caused changes in the relationship between man and nature. Since the
industrial revolution, man has recognized that science and technology are
means of overcoming nature, managing nature and controlling nature.
Because the developments of science and technology have brought increased
knowledge to mankind and expansion of his field of activities, human
culture and life have also quickly improved. And on another hand they
have also presented mankind with new problems. Some of these are an
increased burden on the environment on a world wide scale, rapid depletion
of usable resources and a dramatic rise in energy consumption. Although so
far there have been all sorts of efforts and partial solutions, but there
has still been no change in the basic direction. Therefore, when
considering scientific and technical developments in the 21st century,
there must be some basic changes in the traditional system of science and
technology. Japan was first to emphasize and to propose research into a
new human field, which drew world wide attention. We believe that we
should pay attention to studying life sciences, human sciences and thought
sciences from the viewpoint of somatic science. Research into the various
abilities of animals and humans should clarify the basic abilities of
bodies, the best forms of achieving material exchange mechanisms, movement
mechanisms, immune abilities, self healing abilities, awareness, memory
and thought and judgement. People have attempted through various means to
simulate artificial life, to produce high capability products which
consume little energy and create little waste. They hope to create a new
science and new production systems to coordinate between man and nature.
II. THE BREAKTHROUGHS OF SOMATIC SCIENCE WILL LEAD TO A NEW
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION, CREATING A NEW MATERIAL
CULTURE FOR MANKIND
Man is an extremely complex giant system. This giant system is also
open, with material, energy and informational exchanges with the
surrounding environment and the universe. Therefore, it may be said that
man and the environment, man and the universe, form a super giant system.
According to system sciences and the principles of system theory, to
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understand such a complex material system and to clarify the abilities of
the system, it is necessary to us the methods of the reduction theory, to
separate each level. However, this is not enough. It is necessary to use
the concept of the theory of, the whole to understand the multiple level
structure and the different functions of the different levels formed by
the giant system of the human body. It is necessary to combine the
reduction theory and system theory to comprehensively study the complex
giant system of he human body which is open to the environment and to the
universe. This is the philosophical idea of the concept of man and nature
in the research of somatic science. There are three parts to the concept
of man and nature. The universal view of man and nature, the macroscopic
view of man and nature and the microscopic view of man and nature.
1. The first part, the universal view of man and nature. This
considers man within the universe. It emphasizes that man's existence or
appearance is related to practical evolution, or this may be turned around
to state that the reality of the existence of the universe is a necessary
condition for the existence of man. Carter pointed out: The evolution of
the universe over its process of several billion years, had many
possibilities. There were many branching out points. Why did it only
take the path the universe actually followed? If the evolution of the
universe had not taken the current path, then the appearance of life in
this world, including mankind, would not have been very probable. All of
the universal physical parameters which we know determined the evolution
of the universe and physical parameters which determine the movement of
mass are all necessary for the appearance of man. It may also be stated
that man appeared because of reality. Therefore the nature of the
universe must be like this. In other words, from the nature of matter,
man and the universe, or man and the solar system, or the Milky Way and
the entire solar system are all connected. This is the universal concept
of man and nature. This field has its basic physical concepts, its ruler
of ten billion light years, and must use the broad definition of the
theory of relativity.
2. The second part, the macroscopic view of man and nature. This
investigates the relationship between the inside of he human body and the
environment. In this field, it is necessary to use Newtonian physics. It
was greatly emphasized by Chinese traditional philosophy and Chinese
traditional medicine. Modern environmental medicine is also another part
of this. However, it is one sided. It only studies the affects of the
environment on the human body and ignores the effects of the human body on
the environment. This ignores the fact that the environment and man at
this macroscopic scale is a giant system type relationship, and even more,
does not use the methods of system sciences to study this relationship.
3. The third part, the microscopic view of man and nature.
Investigating man and the environment at the microscopic level, or what is
the quantum mechanics level, the mutual effects between man and the
universe is called the macroscopic view of man and nature. Its yardstick
is generally within the range of 10 to the power of negative 12
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centimeters. The microscopic view of man and nature began with the theory
of measurements of quantum mechanics. The theoretical system proposed by
quantum mechanics, if specifically used to measure the objective world,
will not fit into the traditional concepts. Because of this, Einstein was
not completely satisfied with quantum physics and proposed the hypothesis
of hidden parameters. This was that the movement of matter could still
fit into classical measurements, but could there could also be some hidden
parameters which were not yet known in addition to known mass motion
parameters. However, the results.of research over the past twenty years
does not support the theory of hidden parameters but supports the theories
of quantum physics instead. How then is the problem of measurement to be
resolved? Some people favor using the macroscopic characteristics of
measurement instruments and adding the quantum statistical mechanics to
solve this problem. This is using the characteristic of slow reaction of
actual" instruments. From the viewpoint of the concept of man and
nature, so called "actual" instruments are still imaginary instruments,
and what are really instruments are the sensual organs through which man
knows the objective world. Furthermore, the nerve elements inside the
sensory organs and the brain that processes the information is a
microscopic, quantum mechanical process. The result of the brain
processing senses is the measurement of human recognition, human
recognition of the objective world. Therefore, to thoroughly resolve the
problems of quantum mechanics, it is necessary to use the human sensory
system as the measurement instruments and not imaginary instruments. This
is the advancement of human recognition to the microscopic level, to the
quantum mechanics level. It can be called quantum epistemology. On the
other hand, according to the theories of somatic science, there can be
interaction between the human body and the objective environment at the
microscopic level or the quantum mechanics level. Therefore, the use of
these theories and concepts to study the microscopic relationship between
man and the environment is microscopic view of the concept of man and
nature.
III. SOMATIC SCIENCE IS THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION STATES OF THE
SYSTEMS WHICH EXIST BETWEEN THE COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM OF THE
HUMAN BODY AND ITS OBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENT, THE STRUCTURE OF THE
SYSTEMS AND THE FUNCTIONS (BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS)
Somatic science can use the theories and methods of system sciences
to describe the basic characteristics of the complex giant system of the
human body, which are the functional states manifested by the human body
within a certain period of time. Human functional states are quasistable
states. They are stable states which correspond to the phase space in
which they exist. They can be regulated, one functional state can be
entered from another functional state. There are three ways of regulating
the human body functional states. One is through material or energy
exchange with the external world. The second is information exchange with
the outside world. The third is the effect of its own consciousness.,
which is an extremely important method. Actually, Chinese medicine
symptoms, QIGONG and human paranormal abilities are all special functional
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states of the human body and the behavioral display of their abilities.
There are'many human functional states, and they are manifest in many
different behaviors. Also, during QIGONG states and paranormal ability
states, there are different strange phenomena and effects. Our own
scientific research has come up with some results:
1. Research into the description of the special characteristics of
human body functional states. Prgfessor Yu Hefeng of the Space Medical
Engineering Institute used multiple dimensional data analysis methods to
combine multiple item biological ,index variables into changing points
which can represent the entire human body system. These were located at
the multiple dimensional phase spaces, or target points and target loops,
formed at the various variables. He discovered the individual target
points and target loops of the waking, sleeping, alert and Qigong
functional states. He was the first to use system science theories to
describe the characteristics of the different functional states of he
human body. Because the human body is a complex giant system, this method
is still just a first step, and experience, multiple factors, quantitative
and qualitative methods must be combined in ways to establish a
description of the characteristics of the functional states of the human
body.
2. There has been a great deal of research into the microscopic
physiological and biochemical changes during the various functional states
of the human body. The physiological and biochemical changes during the
QIGONG state and human paranormal ability state in such indexes as EEGs,
skin temperature, skin resistance, nerve current, blood pressure, and
pulse rates have been measured, as well as the pattern of changes in these
indexes and their physiological mechanisms. However, there should still
be even more thorough research.
3. Research into the laws governing changes in the human body
functional states and research to locate the special characteristic
variables of the human functional states and the control variables are
very important. If these are discovered, man can then freely enter a
QIGONG state or a human paranormal ability state. Although research into
training in QIGONG and work on causing persons to have paranormal
abilities has made important progress, we still have not found the
scientific characteristic variables and the control variables.
4. These are all studies into the functional states of the human
body itself, but what about the behavioral effects on the relationship
with the outside world of these various functional states, and what
changes are generated by the functions (behavior and effects) during these
different functional states of this giant system of the human body? We
first emphasized phenomenological research, using scientific methods to
determine the facts and accumulate objective facts. These can be divided
into the major categories given below:
A. ESP: (1), Recognizing words by paranormal abilities. (2), seeing
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through solid objects, seeing through human bodies and seeing through
layers of earth. (3), mental telepathy. (4), recognizing residual
information. (5), recognizing magnetic fields.
B. PK: Moving the hands of a clock, moving the pen of a recorder,
piezoelectric effects.
C. Paranormal transmission through the walls of a container.
D. Paranormal returning to an original state.
E. Paranormal writing.
F. Paranormal breaking of a ponneetion.
G. Paranormal diagnosis of ailments.
IV. THEORIES AND HYPOTHESES
It is presently difficult or even impossible to explain these
phenomena using modern science. China's science workers have also
attempted to make a number of theoretical explorations. Up to the present
time, they have not yet been able to determine any theory. Professors Xu
Lanxu and Ruan Yingchao of Heilongjiang University explored the
information carrier in paranormal word recognition and paranormal seeing
through solid objects. They designed a complete set of strict optical
experiments. They demonstrated that the information carriers in
paranormal vision obey the laws of reflection and refraction, that they
have the nature of horizontal waves, and obey the laws of polarization.
Therefore, they deduced that the carriers were electromagnetic waves. The
frequencies were similar to a portion which falls into the visible light
range. However this does not indicate that human paranormal vision
information is just visible light. Visible light is only a portion of the
carrier frequency range. It has characteristics of electromagnetic waves
and cannot be distinguished from the specific frequency light waves
corresponding to the object viewed, and what those with paranormal
abilities see is the light waves corresponding to the wave length of the
object viewed. The author believes the hypothesis that human paranormal
ability to see through solid objects is the equivalent to a type of
"biological super sensitive (very weak light) sensory organs". That they
are light sensitive and have selective discrimination capability. That
they form three dimensional "sensing arrays" from different parts of the
body. The author believes that paranormal functions during paranormal
vision continuously radiates energy out of the body. What the connection
is between this energy and the information carriers is worthwhile doing
thorough research into. As for paranormal kinesis and breaking through
wall barriers, there are also a great number of theories to explain these
phenomena. This is even more difficult to explain. (1)- Professor Lin
Shuhuang of the Beijing Normal College proposed the hypothesis of
"paranormal states". Those with paranormal abilities can cause some
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objects to go into a special state - abnormal state. When in this state,
they cannot be detected by the sensory organs of normal people and
ordinary measuring instruments. However, they can be detected by persons
with paranormal abilities and some QIGONG masters. During the transition,
the objects break through the physical barriers of space, indicating that
this type of transition is not a simple mechanical movement within three
dimensional space. When objects are in an abnormal state, the mechanical
movement (like a watch) or biological processes (like a bug) of the object
itself continue to be carried out, and when mater is in an abnormal state
it emits an extremely reduced electromagnetic wave signal. Light
sensitivity abilities are extremely reduced. It may be deduced that when
mass is in an abnormal state, there may be a certain degree of energy and
information insulation from the outside world. However, the basic nature
of the "paranormal state" is not clear. (2), The hypothesis of physical
state transition. This is also a deduction, since the object suddenly
cannot be seen. Also, based on the "paranormal state" characteristics and
the weakened energy and information to the outside world, it as considered
that the object is disintegrated, then moved and then reassembled and
reappears. Experiments by Professor Song Kongzhi of the Space Medical
Engineering Institute demonstrate that when objects go through a glass
wall, the shape of the object is not changed. The results of using a high
speed camera (400 times per second) can explain that at the base speed of
400 times per second, the objects do not undergo any change in physical
state. Professor Chen Yongshou attempted to observe whether or not
objects broke down to atomic levels to pass through a glass wall and then
reassembled. He designed a strict scientific experiment. The result was
that he did not discover any matter at the atomic level passing through.
This illustrates that it is poss-Uale that it is breaking down, and it is
also possible that it is a transformation of the physical state even
smaller than the atomic level. (3), The hypothesis of special energy and
matter. This is the deduction that the human body emits a special energy
towards objects and bodies (including man) which cause certain reactions
leading to a series of effects. What are these types of energy and
matter? According to Chen Yongshou's experimental observation of persons
with paranormal abilities pulling objects out of a sealed glass jar, the
failure to detect any matter passing through of matter at the atomic
level, it can be seen that this type of matter is even smaller than the
atomic level. British Professor Bohm, in accordance with the theory of
indeterminance of quantum dynamics, postulated that it was possible that
even smaller particles existed in a material world even smaller than
quantum mechanics (10 to the power of negative 34). Using this theory not
only is it possible to hope for an explanation of human paranormal ability
phenomena, and even more importantly, tap the human latent potential.
Professor Yeze (phonetic) of Japan experimentally postulated that there
was a type of life force energy, and that when it was in sync with the
universe it had an even greater effect. It generated special biological
effects.
There are many others. However, we view very seriously the
operations of electromagnetic waves. We postulated that the manifestation
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of human paranormal abilities could actually be an electromagnetic field
between man and matter. When altering the state of a certain object, the
object could passably generate electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic
fields. The human body could receive the effects of the electromagnetic
fields and electromagnetic waves in the environment, and there are many
facts which illustrate this question. ESP could be due to man sending out
electromagnetic waves to an object and an object sending them back
transmitting information to the man. Finally, this information is
processed in the brain and a conclusion is reached. Persons without
paranormal abilities might not be able to process this information and it
is lost, but persons with paranormal abilities could process it. For
example, there are persons who are able to sense earthquakes in advance.
this could explain this phenomenon. Persons with telekinesis abilities
can use their fingers to set clothing on fire, and this could be due to
the emitting of electromagnetic waves which excite the molecules of the
clothing which reacts with the oxygen in the air to start the fire.
Professor Wang Xiubi and others of our institute measured an emission of
persons with paranormal abilities and QIGONG masters when transmitting a
high frequency low intensity electromagnetic wave with a frequency between
ten and 360 hertz at a power level of between minus 30 and 65 decibels.
They also measured wide band electromagnetic waves under different
conditions. We can see how out of body affects on certain objects is
possible. He also observed the effects on objects when people were in a
QIGONG emitting state. There were such cellular biological effects as the
red blood cells had an increased surface charge density and accelerated
electrophoresis and increased cell membrane fluidity. These effects are
closely related to material transport inside and outside the cells, energy
transfer, cellular discrimination, hormones and receptor effects and they
will play a major role in further research into the mechanism of QIGONG
and paranormal ability treatment of ailments. It is also possible that it
is the effect of electromagnetc waves. In summary, from the result of
our experiments and considering the knowledge already determined by modern
science, it is very possible that the basic nature of QIGONG and
paranormal abilities are related to the effects of electromagnetic waves
and electromagnetic fields. However, human body radiation and its effects
are extremely complicated processes. They could not happen through the
series of characteristics of electromagnetic waves of which our modern
science is knowledgeable. It is nothing more than a starting point for
our thorough going research into QIGONG and human paranormal abilities.
In the process of this research, it is possible that new clues will be
discovered. As of the present time, these hypotheses are still very much
insufficient. Some hypotheses have some facts which support them, but it
is still not possible to explain even more phenomena.
Scientist Qian Xuesen pointed out many times that we must use
dialectics, system sciences and the concept of the human body as a complex
giant system to conduct phenomenological studies of somatic science
(QIGONG and human paranormal abilities). We must establish
phenomenological sciences of QIGONG and human paranormal abilities. On
this basis we must thoroughly research the mechanism until we reach the
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point where we know what happens and why it happens. This will bring
about new breakthroughs in theory, and will bring about new theories in
modern science, especially in physics and biology. New matter and energy
will be discovered which will bring with it new theories and will produce
new technologies in some sciences such as communications science and
materials science. It will be a flying leap in science and technology.
It will be a new scientific revolution, and will thus create a new
material culture for human society and will promote great advances in
human society and culture.
SOMATIC SCIENCES AND SPIRITUAL CIVILIZATION
Many facts demonstrate that man has an extremely great potential
power. However, up to the present time he has not completely developed
this potential. How can the potential of the human body be developed?
This is a very important question. First, the education system and
education methods must be improved. The current education system is for a
child to enter school at the age of six, go through six years of
elementary school, six years of middle school, and four years of college,
graduating at the age of 22. If he studies for two or three years in
graduate school, he will get his masters degree at 24 or 25. If he
studies on for his doctorate, he will be almost thirty by the times he
gets this. This is the system which exists almost everywhere in the
world. Too much time is taken. Is it possible to shorten this time? How
can it be done? These are major question worth studying. Experiments by
China's child education psychologist Liu Jinghe demonstrated that children
in elementary school have theoretical thoughts. He also designed an
educational method and personally went to an elementary school to teach as
an experiment. The students understood very quickly, some students even
were able to understand the textbook on their own. There was a response
from the teachers of other courses that students who had this course were
even more quick and intelligent. If this is the case, the education
system can be shortened, and people can obtain learning in school more
early, lengthening the amount of time they can work in society.
There have also been children in China and in other countries of the
world who can learn a great many things. Twelve and thirteen year olds
who are able to attend college courses. These children's abilities are
mostly related to their home environment.
This all demonstrates that man has potential, that education can do
very much and it is one of the major methods of tapping the potential
knowledge. Through education, every person can become highly intelligent,
knowledgeable and cultured.
Just how much potential does the human body have? This should be
researched very carefully. We call research into this discipline the
fourth medicine. We all know that the first medicine is the medicine of
the treatment of disease, the second medicine is the medicine of the
prevention of disease, the third medicine is the medicine of recovery or
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the adjusting of the human body to a normal biological state. The
medicine not only places the human body into a normal state, so
live well, but it can also improve man's ability, and tapping
potential is an extremely important discipline. It is a port
somatic science. Whichever countries in the world are able t
ourth
it can
man's
ion of
o best
develop knowledge in the futures will be on a solid footing in the world.
Some people say that the 21st century will be the century of competition
for knowledge. In the work of developing research into the fourth
medicine, the most important question is that there must be the con ept of
somatic science. This is the use of the system theory, which is the
dialectic unity of the theory of the whole and the reduction the ry, to
study the fourth medicine. It must pay attention to the eff;-cts of
consciousness. It can change one's physiological acti ities.
Consciousness is the highest level of the activities of life. It c n have
a reaction on the lower levels of physiological activities. Trad tional
Chinese medicine, QIGONG and human paranormal abilities all v ew the
effects of consciousness very seriously.
Through the effects of consciousness, it is possible to adj st the
human body to a QIGONG functional state, that is normal persons can be
trained to become persons with QIGONG abilities. QIGONG masters w o have
trained for a long time can also attain paranormal ability tates.
China's science and technology workers have successfully trained normal
persons to become persons with paranormal abilities. China's QIGONG
workers, through elementary *student experiments, have demonstrat d that
QIGONG can tap potential to develop intelligence. If we apply the aws of
human physiological development to education and then clearly und rstand
the rules of the development of "child geniuses", and apply the awe of
both QIGONG and paranormal abilities to education and training, hen in
the 21st century we will not only be able to nurture highly intel igent,
knowledgeable and cultured persons, but we will also be able to all.w them
to have what is now called "paranormal abilities". In other wares, the
fourth medicine is the study of improving the functional states If man.
Once the functional states of man have been improved, man's pa ential
abilities can be brought out. Once man's potential abilities have been
brought out, the quality of man will be raised to an unprecedented jiegree,
and the limitations on the brain and the display of stupidity ill be
broken through, allowing man to make an even greater leap in his
recognition of the objective world and improvement of the objective world.
Is this not a second cultural renaissance? It will greatly prom te the
establishment of spiritual i?civilization. We can see from t is the
importance of somatic science research.
The relationship between spiritual civilization and material
civilization has caught the attention of learned men throughout the world.
People note that in today's world, research into the human spiritual field
is developing much slower than research into the material world. People
also recognize that if the view of modern science and technology and the
modern view of mankind which separate the spiritual and the material
continue to develop, a human crisis will occur. It is necessary to
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reconsider and to make a new evaluation. People must use sole tific
methods to investigate the relationship between the spiritual ad the
material. They must understand the relationship between spiritual
civilization and material civilization. They must properly underst8-
d the
relationship between spiritual and material, between the braii and
consciousness. One need only use the dialectical theory of recog ition
which is the concept of unity of thought and action, and dynamically
recognize the relationship between the objective world and change the
subjective world and objective world repeated increases in understading,
and one can understand the proper relationship between the material
civilization and the spiritual civilization. Whether or not man is able
to dynamically have a proper understanding of the objective world and
change the subjective and objective world is related directly or
indirectly to the level of man's experience and grasp of modern science
and technology and social science philosophy. It is also related to the
establishment of human morals, ideals, beliefs and religion. It is
impossible to imagine the proper development of a material civilization
with its economy and technology without the development of a spiritual
civilization of ideology or culture. At the present time of highly
developed material civilization, the importance of the buildin of a
spiritual civilization is even more clear. We can see that sp ritual
civilization and material civilization act to advance each other. It is
necessary to build these civilizations together. The achievem nts of
somatic science research will promote the establishment of fut re new
human forms and advanced science and technology, and the creation o human
social spiritual civilization and material civilization.
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SOMATIC SCIENCE, ANTHROP IC PRINCIPLE AND THE MARXIST PHILOSOPHY
BY: Ye Jun (Sichuan Provincial Social Science College Natural Dialectics
Institute)
Somatic science research which was born on the Chinese mainland in
the Eighties has already been around for 12 whole years. It is currently
in the midst of becoming a new major scientific department. In the body
of modern science and technology, somatic science is one of the promising
leading edge scientific fields and one which could lead to a new
scientific revolution in the 21st century.
The beginning and development of somatic science in China was a major
scientific event. It not only attracted a great deal of interest and
close attention in many fields in Chinese society, especially in the
academic fields, it also launched a controversy around human paranormal
abilities which has already risen to a philosophical height. This article
attempts to present a simple description and further exploration of he
relationship between somatic science and the philosophy of Marxism as well
as several aspects concerned with the question of anthropic principles.
SOMATIC SCIENCE AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARXISM
Scientific research work is always conducted under the control of
philosophical ideology. Good philosophical ideology can promote progress
and advancement of science and bad philosophical ideology can inhibit the
smooth conduct of scientific research. This is because any philosophical
ideology is some sort of world outlook, theory of recognition and
methodology. Also, in the design of scientific research, in the
experimental and summarizing process, every scientific worker will
knowingly use a certain world outlook, theory of knowledge and
methodology. Just as Engles pointed out, no matter what type of attitude
is adopted by natural scientists, they will be controlled by philosophy.
The problem is, they are willing to be controlled by certain bad
fashionable philosophy. Actually, historically as well as at the present
time, no science has been far more of a "pure science" than philosophy.
Somatic science which grew up on the Chinese mainland is not any sort of
"pure science". It has all along consciously accepted the guidance of the
philosophy of Marxism, and furthermore has made active contributions to
make the philosophy of Marxism even more deep going.
(1). THE EXCELLENT TRADITION OF CHINESE SOMATIC SCIENCE
The maintenance of practice is the only standard for testing for
truth. The maintenance of the guiding effect of the philosophy of
Marxism. These are the two major excellent traditions of Chinese somatic
science.
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Those conducting work in somatic science research, for any somatic
ability phenomenon, only after maintaining the necessary strict and
conscientious experimental testing, can only then determine or acknowledge
basic principles (there are also some charlatans who fake abilities, these
have nothing to do with somatic science research). A large portion of
comrades doing this research did not believe at first in the paranormal
abilities of "recognizing words with the ear" because their scientific
knowledge at the time was that only the eyeball vision network could
receive and transmit sight signals. Some of them even wanted to use
strict scientific testing to disprove the paranormal phenomenon which
violated scientific common knowledge. However, the results of the
experiment were the exact opposite of the original subjective ideas and
hopes of these comrades. The tests demonstrated the actual objective
existence of human paranormal abilities. At this time they did not use
their subjective ideas and understanding to revise or refute the objective
scientific experiment, but quite the opposite, they allowed their
subjective understanding and views to conform to the objective
experimental facts. This is the only proper scientific attitude. The ten
plus years of growth of somatic science has demonstrated that the workers
in Chinese somatic science in their own research operations have
conscientiously and thoroughly carried out the party philosophical
principles of using the standard of practice for truth.
Through their own research operations the workers in China's somatic
science have come deeply to realize that: "the problems discussed in
somatic science are all related to the dialectic unity of the material and
the spiritual, to the objective and the subjective and the brain and
consciousness. In such a complicated problem, if we do not use the
guidance of the philosophy of Marxism, we will definitely make mistakes."
Therefore, the use of the philosophy of Marxism, or dialectical
materialism to direct their research in somatic science has already become
their guiding principle and their operational program. Therefore, they
not only clearly state in the bylaws of the Chinese Society of Somatic
Sciences the quoted portion above, furthermore in the conduct of their
work they consciously resist any sort of idealism, feudal superstition,
quackery, or metaphysical errors to sneak in or interfere. They strictly
ensure that somatic science will truly follow the ideological line of
dialectical materialism and move forward in a healthy manner. They
consciously maintain the guiding principle of the philosophy of Marxism.
This is the second major excellent tradition of China's somatic science.
(2). THE SCIENTIFIC FUNCTION OF DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM
As a high level science, the philosophy of Marxism also similarly has
its own special scientific function. On one hand, it can digest and
absorb new facts and new innovative views of other branches of science and
use them to deepen and renew its own philosophical conclusions and
principles in order to keep pace with the ever changing modern sciences.
On the other hand, as scientific world view and the highest methodology,
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the philosophy of Marxism also provides direction and assistance to the
development of the various branches of science in order to strengthen
their ability to reject and abandon various forms of idealism and
metaphysics. This is the scientific function of the philosophy of Marxism
and self reliance to direct and assist. Dialectical materialism similarly
has the scientific function of digesting and absorbing (somatic science
source material) and guiding and assisting (the growth of somatic
science).
(3). BRAND NEW MATERIALS WHICH PROMOTE THE PHILOSOPHICAL
INTENSIFICATION
Under the guidance of the philosophy of Marxism, China's somatic
science has undergone a healthy development. At the same time, the rise
of somatic science added to and deepened the basic principles of
dialectical materialism, providing brand new scientific materials. Based
on the current level of scientific experiments and research, we will only
attempt preliminary discussion of the two following questions.
1. The basic nature of thought: The significance of, and new
knowledge concerning, the relationship between the consciousness and brain
of persons with paranormal abilities.
Without any doubt, it is naturally the brain of persons with
paranormal abilities that generates their consciousness and thoughts and
not the other way around. The question is, the objectives facts of
"paranormal abilities" indicate that the thought process of this
paranormal abilities state may very well follow the transmission and
reception of certain "paranormal energies". This is what causes the
subject with paranormal abilities to affect other bodies outside his body.
Obviously, somatic science research makes clear that at the very least,
the consciousness created by the brain of a person with paranormal
abilities is not that thing with no material content as recognized and
understood in the traditional sense. Actually, their conscious activities
or "thought phenomena should be a manifestation of certain matter activity
at a level below the level of the brain cells, just as the phenomenon of
light is a manifestation of the activity of photons (electromagnetic
waves)." It is just because of this that there are some people who now
believe that "the thought process of the human brain may very well be
switched from the activity of macroscopic matter (the brain) to the
activity of microscopic matter (such as thought waves)."
This new explanation and recognition, on one hand further
demonstrates that "our consciousness and thoughts, no matter how super
sensitive they are seen, are always the product of matter, flesh and
organs as well as the human brain. At the same time, it also discloses
that human thought or consciousness contains matter and characteristics
which go even deeper than that indicative of "the brain or its abilities".
2.
The potential of the human body: The "hidden state" phenomenon
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in paranormal transfer deserves to be studied and outlined.
In 1982 the joint testing group for human paranormal abilities
completed "paranormal transfer" experiments in Beijing. During the course
of the experiments it was discovered that under the effect of the
paranormal abilities, the objects used in the experiments disappeared in
front of the eyes of the experimenters, which is the so-called "hidden
state" phenomenon appeared in these objects during the experiments at this
time normal person's organs of sense could temporarily detect the movement
or sound of the objects). After a period of time, the objects once more
appearg* riReefFoOkkkE@2600/Ogift0e13A-R6M-13610S2R00036iMIONF3:1 the person with
paranormal abilities, who was to subject in the experiments, was aware of
the location of the objects during the time of their "disappearance" and
al SE
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the natural sciences.
1. IS IT RATIONALISM OR IS IT THE THEORY OF PRACTICE-)
As we stated earlier, researchers in somatic science have all along
used strict scientific experiments to test the phenomena of paranormal
abilities. In their scientific experiments, they have maintained the
criterion that the test of truth is practice. However, someone who had an
attitude that human paranormal abilities did not exist proclaimed: "Human
paranormal abilities is basically impossible. This can be determined
without any need for conducting experiments." Therefore, he never
conducted any experiments or tests for paranormal abilities. He never
even went to observe this type of experiment. It is said that he wrote in
a letter that he could determine that paranormal abilities did not exist
from "common sense alone", because this is a theoretical question" and not
a question of practice.
We can see from this that in the debate concerning paranormal
abilities, between the researchers and those opposed, there is a basic
opposition which actually exists as to whether it is the theory of
practice that is being maintained or whether rationalism is being pursued.
IS IT "STAGNANCY" OR IS IT GROWTH
One of the greatest bases opponents use to oppose paranormal
abilities is because human paranormal abilities violate current scientific
knowledge, or they say that current scientific knowledge cannot completely
explain these new abilities. This involves a basic question in the
attitude toward scientific research. Can science only stand where it is,
or should it continue to develop? If science can only study things which
conform to common knowledge and cannot investigate abnormal unknown
fields, is science not just stagnating or regressing and never can grow?
If this typical "stagnancy" had appeared 400 years ago, would the theory
that the sun was the center of the solar system ever have replaced the old
theory that the earth was the center?
3. IS IT SUBSTITUTION OR IS IT ALLIANCE
Nay sayers have called somatic science research a number of names
such as "spiritualism", "pseudo science" and "idealism". They have also
called it such things as "counter to science", "empiricism" and "counter
to Marxism", there are too many to list. As for science being able to
immediately explain the new phenomena and it being criticized as
"substituting one thing for another", has science not recently gone
through the lessons and tragedies of criticism of "gene theory":, "theory
of relativity", "theory of resonance", "thinking in terms of images" and
"quantitative economics"? The question is, why must we go down that same
path in the eighties? This question deserves the deep reflection of those
in China's scientific and philosophical circles in order to eliminate
"substitution" effects on the development of science and technology in
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g kg.gue.9-97
China. In addition to further resolving the dialectic relationship of
maintaining and developing the philosophy of Marxism, we must all
energetically advocate that philosophical workers must "ally with the
natural scientists of the same generation" in order to make the best of
the guiding function of dialectical materialism on science and technology,
and thus welcome the mutual progress and mutual flourishing of modern
science and technology and the philosophy of Marxism.
ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLES - THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
Back in May of 1982, Comrade Gian Xuesen proposed the establishment
of "a new anthropic principle" to be used to tie together the philosophy
of Marxism and the ideas of somatic science. In November of 1983, he
further proposed taking the "super large system of man and the environment
and man and the universe" as the object of research of the anthropic
principles. In June of 1987, he further described the scientific nature
and scientific position of anthropic principles, pointing out: In somatic
science, "the highest level is the philosophy of Marxism. Its specificity
and that portion of its philosophy related to somatic science is called
the anthropic principle." It goes without saying that the proposing and
studying of new anthropic principles opens up new fields in the Marxist
view of man and nature.
(1). THE "BRIDGE" BETWEEN SOMATIC SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY
We all know that in the stratified division of the structure of
modern science, the philosophy of Marxism (dialectical materialism)
occupies the highest level. At the next level is philosophical science
such as natural dialectics, historical dialectics (social dialectics),
mathematics studies (mathematical dialectics), system concepts, thought
dialectics, and anthropic principle. The third level includes the
branches of science and the major types of science such as natural
sciences, social sciences, mathematical sciences, system sciences, thought
sciences and somatic sciences. Each of these major scientific fields has
its own basic science, technical science and engineering technology as its
own internal scientific levels.
Because "the anthropic principle is a philosophical question for
somatic sciences", it may be said that it is a "bridge" between somatic
sciences and the philosophy of Marxism. Or it may be said that it is a
medium between somatic sciences and the philosophy of Marxism. Through
the anthropic principle, the philosophy of Marxism has led the healthy
development of somatic science, and across this same bridge, somatic
science has encouraged and prompted the philosophy of Marxism to become
even more fruitful and deep going. We can see that the nature of an
intermediate bridge of the anthropic principle provides it with this
double scientific function of leading and promoting at the same time.
Therefore, a thorough exploration of the anthropic principle is of major
scientific significance for the thorough development of both somatic
science and dialectical materialism.
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(2). THE "MARXIST" "PHILOSOPHICAL" ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
Everyone knows that there has been the so-called "study of nature and
man" and "debate over man and nature". These are theoretical thoughts in
the study of the mutual relationships between "way of nature" and "way of
man", "natural" and "artificial" and "large universe" and "small
universe". However, the anthropic principle we are discussing here is not
the same as any of the anthropic principles in the history of philosophy.
This is modern anthropic principle or the new anthropic principle. In the
summer of 1988 at the Sichuan Somatic Science Research Conference, the
Special Group for the Anthropic Principle convened an "academic discussion
conference on the anthropic principle and logical thought". At this
conference, a comrade vividly pointed out that "the anthropic principle is
'Marxist and it is 'philosophical', it is that portion of dialectical
materialism theoretical thought which is focussed directly on somatic
science." Obviously, our present study of the anthropic principle is
basically different from Dong Zhongshu's "Tianren Ganying" and is
different from idealism's "destiny" and the "Zhitianshuo" of old
materialism. This is the scientific modern concept of the anthropic
principle. It is also the dialectical materialistic view of the anthropic
principle.
Although the anthropic principle is also philosophy, in the
philosophy of Marxism, it is a component factor which is of relatively low
priority. It and the natural dialectics are the basic methods of research
into the anthropic principle, or, it is consistent with the core of the
scientific methodology of the anthropic principle.
(2). CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
Because the anthropic principle is a new science which is just being
established, in addition to determining the objects of its study and its
scientific nature and position, it should also gradually launch
explorations concerning the structure of the science of the anthropic
principle and into basic theory. Below we attempt to discuss simply these
two questions and to raise some preliminary ideas.
Concerning the structure of the anthropic principle, based on current
knowledge, it seems that we can consider the three following aspects.
1. The question of the vertical strata of the anthropic principle.
This is concerned with the vertical stratification of the
relationship between man and the environment. In 1983, Comrade ?lark
Xuesen proposed that the anthropic principle has three levels which were
the universal anthropic principle (astronomy), the macroscopic anthropic
principle(theories of Chinese Medicine and of OIGONS) and the microscopic
anthropic principle (quantum mechanics). In 1985, he further pointed out
that in addition to the universal, macroscopic, and microscopic anthropic
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principles, there were also two more layers, the expanding anthropic
principle (theory of the expanding universe) and the vague anthropic
principle (hidden sequence theory). In this way, the anthropic principle
is divided into five vertical layers. (see illustration one).
2. The question of the horizontal series of the anthropic principle.
As the horizontal living environment (space and time) in which man
exists is not the same, the anthropic principle can be divided into the
following interrelated research series.
BIkkl I
b 1'21X 2.
7
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- A iii 1
----41,VLAL--- -- - -R- ?NAN
I
9 out
Oxv.
1. Expanding view. 2. Universal view. 3. Macroscopic view. 4.
Microscopic view. 5. Vague view. 6. Inorganic field. 7. Human
society. B. Organic field. 9. Inorganic field.
First is the inorganic anthropic principle. It is concerned with the
research fields of the relationship of man and the inorganic natural
world. Second is the organic anthropic principle. It is the research
field concerned with the relationship between man and the organic world or
the world of life. Third is the social anthropic principle. It is the
research field concerned with the relationship between man and the social
ecological system. Fourth is the complex anthropic principle. It is the
research field concerned with the relationship between man and the complex
environment (complex system of the organic environment and the social
living environment). At the present time, mankind's living environment is
becoming more and more a two dimensional or multidimensional complex
ecological system (see illustration one).
3. Questions of the branches of the anthropic principle.
Just a slight comparison of the anthropic principle and human ecology
and it is easy to discover that the objects of their study are very
related and similar. The anthropic principle studies "man and the
environment and man and the universe" which is "the relationship between
man and the surrounding environment" and their effects on each other.
Human ecology also studies "the relationship between man and the
environment and their effects on each other." We can see that from the
view point of ecology, the anthropic principle is nothing more than the
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view of the human body ecology or human ecology. Using this as the
starting point, for the question of the branches of study of the anthropic
principle, can we not consider the ecologic way of thinking?
If we consider that there are differences in the individuals,
populations and communities of mankind, it seems that there should be
separate branch studies of the individual anthropic principle, population
anthropic principle and community anthropic principle (city and village
anthropic principle).
If we consider the different angles of study or the different
disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, ecology, system
sciences and economics, then there should also be the branch studies of a
mathematical anthropic principle, physics anthropic principle, chemistry
anthropic principle, ecological anthropic principle, system sciences
anthropic principles and economic anthropic principles.
(4). CONCERNING THE PROBLEM OF THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF THE
ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLES
Concerning theoretical pxploration of the anthropic principles, based
on current knowledge, at least the following theoretical questions
should be explored.
1. The categories of anthropic principles, such as man, nature, the
human body, the environment, populations, anthropic systems, open giant
systems, human ecology and anthropic interrelationships.
2. The basic principles of anthropic principles such as the coupling
principles of anthropic interrelationships, the balancing principles of
human ecology, the evolutionary principles of the hierarchy of anthropic
systems, the principles of the structural functions of anthropic systems,
the principles of purposeful actions of anthropic systems, the principles
of regulation and control in anthropic systems and the principles of
feedback control in anthropic systems.
3. The basic laws of anthropic principles, such as the laws of
mutual reliance and effects of man and nature, the laws of harmonious
existence and growth between man and nature, the laws of the adverse
effects of the main body of man on anthropic principles, the laws of
constructive benefits of anthropic system ecology, economy and society,
and the laws of the irreversibility of anthropic systems.
These categories, principles and laws are only preliminary and
exploratory opinions.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN BODY AS AN OPEN COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM
SYSTEM PRINCIPLE OF CHINESE MEDICINE
BY: Mang Ruijun of the Institute of Space Medicine Engineering
The open complex giant system and its methodology advocated by Mister
Qian Xuesen has important guidance significance for the important
development of system sciences and for basic theoretical research in
Chinese Medicine. This article discusses some related questions, and the
author invites critical remarks and corrections from the readers.
(1). THE SIMPLE SYSTEM PRINCIPLES OF CHINESE MEDICINE
Chinese medicine is generally characterized by a holistic view and
dialectical treatment. Actually another important characteristic is the
simple principle of systems. The systems in Chinese medicinal theory not
only describe the characteristics of the various component parts such as
the internal organs, networks, respiratory and circulatory and endocrine,
but they also present the characteristic nature and laws of the levels of
the systems, such as yin and yang, the five primary elements of metal,
wood, water, fire and earth, the five atmospheric influences of rain, fine
weather, heat, cold and wind, and symptoms. They also describe laws
governing interaction among them such as the opposition, mutual
foundation, weakening and strengthening and rotation of yin and yang and
among the five metals. Therefore, the basic theories of Chinese medicine
present a form of system principle. However, this is a very commendable
point, as modern science does not yet have this type of system overall
framework in its human body theories.
(2). THE SYMPTOMS AND FUNCTIONAL STATES OF CHINESE MEDICINE
Qian Xuesen advocates that the functional states of the human body
are an important topic for somatic sciences. He starts out from the
system sciences and proposes that we should study the dynamic processes,
with are the functional states, from the viewpoint of the
interrelationships within the whole. Western medicine accepts he
principle of determination by cause and effect, and its emphasis is on the
study of the specific reactions of the organs and cells of the human body.
Actually, in order to achieve a specific function, human physiological
activities are all the overall dynamics of the coordination between the
various organ systems such as feeding, sex, sleeping, alertness and
reaction to stimulus. Although one specific organ system plays the major
role, it requires the coordination of the various bodily organs to work
together to accomplish these acts. Therefore, all the overall activities
of the human body are functional state activities. Chinese medicine
research into symptoms does not place the emphasis on the seat of the
disease or on a particular reaction of a specific organ, but it studies
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the regulating and control reactions caused in the overall body by the
disease. Therefore, Chinese medicine symptoms are the study of functional
states. For example, the Chinese medicine identification of the eight key
links is the study of the system characteristics of the human body (yin
and yang, internal and external, false and real, cold and heat) and
changes in the relationships among the component parts (internal organs)
and dividing the overall regulatory and control reactions into a number of
symptom models. Furthermore, Chinese medicine cures actually focus on the
characteristics of the symptom model and regulating this with medicine in
order to bring the body back to a healthy balanced state. This is the
great contribution of Chinese medicine to the body of human medicine.
Therefore, Chinese medicine research into symptoms has provided a
theoretical model for the functional states of the human body and a large
amount materials on clinical experience. These must be summarized and
studied
(3). STRATIFIED STRUCTURE
Western medicine is relatively strict and detailed in its
stratification of the structure of the human body. It divides the human
body into such layers as the whole, the organs, the tissue, the cells and
molecules. In the regulation and control relationship of the individual
layers, it stresses the control of the higher structures over the lower
structure. In the beginning it stressed the central nervous system's
control over the surrounding organs, with the organs only playing a
mechanical role. Later it discovered the regulating of the hormones, and
still stressed the control of the hypothalamus over the target organs.
Chinese medicine has a simpler stratification of the human body, which is
also somewhat confusing. However, in addition to stressing the control by
the higher levels, it also stresses that there is a mutual connection and
control between the lower internal organs. Chinese medicine uses the
philosophy of the five elements to explain the various relationships among
he heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidney. This idea is currently being
illustrated by modern medical facts. The physiological application of the
feedback principle proposed by Weiner and others fully explains the
important role played by lower level organs in overall regulating and
control loop. There are currently sufficient facts to illustrate that the
internal organs are not only acting organs, but are also excreting organs
which exercise regulation and control. The Xinnasu (STC: 1800 6871 4790
excreted by the heart, prostaglandin excreted by the prostate gland and
the gastrointestinal hormones excreted by the stomach are all necessary
links in the mutual regulation among the organs. Even between cells there
is mutual regulation of bodily fluid factors such as the various factors
secreted by the lymph glands which regulate the phagocytosis effects of
the macrophage and the white blood cells. Therefore, the regulation of
functions of every level of the entire body, including the mutual
regulation at the various levels of the central nervous system, the
internal organs, the cells and the molecules form the complex picture of
the human giant system.
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(4). OPEN AND STABLE
The human body is an open system, it must constant exchange energy
and information with the environment. Chinese medicine takes the human
body to be a part of the universe environment, constantly being effected
by the environment such as the theory of the movement of QI through the
body and the shifting between midnight and noon. However, the human body
must also maintain its own stable state, so the body is in a dynamically
stable state. Chinese medicine places a great deal of emphasis on
maintaining a balanced state between yin and yang. Therefore open and
stable are contradictory. In order to maintain a state of balance in the
human body, the openness to information and material from the outside
world is selective. For example, such sensory organs as those for hearing
and sight can only transform outside information within a certain range
into nerve impulses which are processed. The sensory organs cannot act to
transform energy or information outside the range of normal hearing or
visible light. To absorb nutrients, the food must go through the stomach
and intestines where it is transformed into glucose, fatty acids and amino
acids before it can be selectively absorbed into energy and building
materials usable to the human body. The human immune system is an even
more selective system. It rejects all protein which is not of the body of
itself, including germs, maintaining the body's wholeness and eliminating
the threat of disease causing germs. All cells are enveloped in a
membrane layer which is called the cytomembrane. Its function is to allow
the cell to have selective material exchange, selectively taking in and
eliminating various matter. The cytomembrane has different receptors
which are an information transfer system which serve to distinguish
between and accept various enzymes and drugs. Therefore, the cell is a
selectively open system. In summation, there exists within the human
body, from the overall body to the organs and cells, an open and
stabilizing relationship which contain a great number of questions which
have not yet been answered. This also forms the complex picture of the
giant open system of the human body.
The system of theories of Chinese medicine have unique viewpoints and
theoretical models of the human body system. Thorough research of these
points will provide a helpful theoretical framework for the human body as
an open complex giant system. In recent years, many authors attempted to
carry out this kind of work, and continued to delve deeper. However, in
general, the Chinese medicine system theories are still in the beginning
stage. Not only is it necessary to summarize the theoretical system of
Chinese medicine from the viewpoint of system sciences, it is also
necessary to collect and study a great deal of scientific facts concerning
human bodily functions. In this area, the facts accumulated by Western
medicine and physiology should be absorbed. The opinions described in
this article are all preliminary opinions, and are presented for
reference.
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THE HUMAN BODY IS A THREE PART COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM
CONSISTING OF "SPIRIT, QI AND GOD"
BY: Wu Banghui (Sichuan University)
ABSTRACT
This article starts out from the viewpoint of system theory and in
accordance with the duality of the "solid body and fields" of biological
material clearly pointing out that the human body is a three part complex
giant system consisting of "spirit, QI and god". It also emphasizes the
point out that the human body field (QI") also has a complex stratified
structure. It forms a giant system which is connected to the "solid
body". The fields of the different levels can have different qualities,
and in the human body they may have the effect of "ordered parameters".
"God" is the functions of the human body. The high level functions
connected to the functions of the human brain which cannot be completely
attributed to physical, chemical or even biological functions. In the
narrow sense, "god" is information processed through the spirit and Qi
systems of the brain. It has material carriers, and can react on the
human body and can also effect the outside world. From this we can
understand the basic principles of Chinese medicine and QIGONG.
KEY WORDS: Solid body, field, functions, spirit, QI, god, system,
synergenics, ordered parameters, brain, information.
From the viewpoint of system sciences, a basic question in the study
of systems is the examination into just exactly "what" is this system.
This is the examination into its structure (what is it composed of? How
is it formed?) and its functions as well as the relationship between its
structure and its functions. This is one key in the understanding of the
basic nature of a system and of using system science methods to study the
system. This is so for systems in general, and this is so for biological
systems. This is also so for the highest form, the human body.
Therefore, the question of "what is the human body", or as a
"material system", what is the structure of the human body (what is it
composed of? How is if formed) and what are its functions as well as what
is the relationship between its structure and its functions are the basic
questions studied by somatic sciences. Somatic science, this huge
scientific system, must be established on the proper base of knowledge
corresponding to this question.
Research in sciences from anatomy to molecular biology as well as
modern physics have already disclosed that the human body, as a "material
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system", contains the following "strata".
Individual, system, organs, tissue, cells, molecules, atoms,
subatomic particles, ...
On this basis, modern biology and other corresponding sciences
concerned with the human body have come up with questions and answers.
This is the extremely precious knowledge which has been obtained by
following the path of "analysis" since modern science began to develop.
It an be called the "solid body model" of the human body. It began in the
West and the medical science which quickly developed in the West, which is
generally called Western medicine was established on the basis of this
mode. This developed along with modern science, received support from
corresponding modern technology and achieved glorious achievements. Since
the latter half of this century, with the birth of system sciences,
research in modern system theory also gave modern life sciences a new
vitality, giving it hope that on the basis of "analysis" it could achieve
a life science system with overall knowledge which would include the
system of he human body. This type of knowledge should be the dialectical
unity of analysis and synthesis.
However, when studying the human body from the viewpoint of applied
system sciences and looking at certain human phenomena which modern
science is not yet able to explain or even accept, we cannot help but keep
coming back to the original question time after time.
"Just what is the human body?"
"The individual, systems, organs, tissue, cells,..." all undoubtedly
are part of the human body. The question is, Is this all there is to the
human body? "Can an "experimental body" completely reflect the basic
nature of the human body?"
Actually, Chinese medicine with its thousands of years of history,
and its theoretical basis which has been unshaken by modern science, has
silently challenged this model. Chinese medicine is far behind Western
medicine in anatomical knowledge of the human body, even less in its
knowledge cytology and molecular biology. Actually, the theories of
Chinese medicine do not emphasize the structure of the solid human body.
Several thousands of years ago, with very little knowledge of the
structure of the solid human body and under very unclear circumstances,
Chinese medicine had a convincing total system of theory and its practice
was outstandingly effective. Furthermore, under the assault by modern
science and Western medicine, its theories continued to stand firm. They
did not shirk or break down or dissolve. In practice, although Western
medicine has had growth and development, Chinese medicine can still "go
its own way". This situation at least shows that there is something else
to the human body in addition to the structure of the solid body. It
objectively also presents the question of whether or not the structure of
the solid body can completely reflect the basic nature of man, including
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the question of whether just the nerve cells of the brain can completely
explain the functions of the brain.
In recent years, research into QIGONG and paranormal abilities has
even more sharply dangled this question before everyone. Here, in order
to explain some questions, we will use two examples which have already
been demonstrated by a great deal of observation and testing.
The first example is the phenomenon of using paranormal abilities to
remove objects through the glass sides of a bottle. A person with
paranormal abilities can "use his abilities" to cause samples which are
inside a sealed glass bottle to "go through" the glass sides while
maintaining the macroscopic integrity of the samples and glass containers.
This experiment has already been repeated several times by someone, and
there is recorded visual material which can be checked'.
The second example is the "long distance diagnosis" of QIGONG. In
ten examples of extrasensory perception, the QIGONG master under a QIGONG
state could diagnose a persons ailment from the subjects fingerprints, an
object he used or a relative of the subject. He could even "see" the
subject's features. Because the QIGONG master had not seen the subject
(at times they were very far apart), this is called "long range
diagnosis).
This type of phenomena is very difficult to explain using the "solid
body model". How an a person remove the sample object from a sealed glass
bottle without touching the sample object and without using any sort of
tool and yet not damaging the glass bottle or the sample object? How is
it possible to know the condition of a patients body without pictures,
without chemical tests and without even the looking, listening, and asking
questions used by Chinese medicine or removing anything from the body of
the patient? There should be a material basis for the functions of a
material system. Even though we can use the theory of the "black box" or
"grey box" to study systems, the object is still to uncover the basic
nature of the system, to make it "white". What is the material basis for
those several functions manifest by the human body while in a QIGONG state
or in a paranormal abilities state? Can we really hope to explain them on
the basis of the "solid body model"? If we limit ourselves to the "solid
body model" to explain the incompatibility of Chinese and Western medicine
which both seem to be effective, it becomes very difficult to understand
QIGONG and paranormal ability states.
This is what has caused us to naturally turn to another form which
exists in physics, the field.
We have had concepts of fields for a long time. People have
considered the concept of a human body field for a long time as well, and
this can even be traced to ancient times. In recent years, with the
advances in science and technology, there have been serious studies given
to human body electric fields, human body magnetic fields and human body
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electromagnetic fields which have achieved an abundance of fruitful
experimental results. People also believe that in addition to the
physical components of the "human body field" and "human body energy
fields", there are also "unknown qualities of non physical fields".
However, what is the nature of these -fields"? What is their relationship
with the human "solid body"? Can they be used to explain Chinese
medicine, QIGONG and paranormal abilities?
In addition, there is another extremely important fact, the "thought"
in QIGONG and paranormal abilities, which is worthy of note. At times it
has effects which are difficult to explain. For example, there are the
questions of "thought power" and "when one is sincere it works". There is
also the question emotions and determination causing and curing ailments
in Chinese medicine. An even broader question is "what is human
consciousness"? What is its relationship with the human "solid body" and
"fields"?
In order to discuss these questions and to further clarify the
general material basis for life systems and the human body systems, and
with the hope of fairly thoroughly understanding the various phenomena
related to the human body, and based on the observation of known
biological phenomena, and with the inspiration of Chinese medicine, modern
physics and system sciences, the author proposed in "The Hypothesis of the
Duality of the Solid Body and Fields in Biological Material and
Preliminary Investigations into Its Relationship to Chinese Medicine",
shortened to "Duality-, "the duality of the solid body and fields of
biological material." For ease of reference, we will give an abstract of
this hypothesis:
(1). For any living organism, from the population and individual to
the system, organs, tissue, cells and even the body of major biological
molecules of the "solid body", they are all connected to a certain "field"
(in certain aspects, especially the connection between carriers and
electromagnetic fields and objects, because there is mass, so there must
be a connection to gravitational fields). "Solid bodies" and "fields" are
two aspects of living material, which means that living material has at
the same time, a separation and a connection. These two aspects together
form the material basis for biological activity.
(2). The two aspects of "solid body and "fields" of biological
material are different and yet related, and they influence each other.
Together, they determine the functions of the living body and they also
are reacted upon by the functions of the living body.
(3). The living body is not only subject to influences of the
internal and external physical and chemical environment, it is also
influenced by the biological environment. Under certain conditions, there
mutual effects and influences between the "solid body" and -fields" of a
biological body and the "solid body" and "fields" of other biological
bodies.
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(4). There is a certain physical nature to he "fields" of biological
material. For example, it be electromagnetic. However, it cannot be
classified as a physical field such as an electromagnetic field or
gravitational field as we know them. From large chemical molecules to
simple living organisms and even to high level organisms, when there are
changes in the nature of the "solid body", there are also changes in the
nature of the "fields". In the study of the "solid body", the "reduction
theory" (this is that biological organisms can be categories by the
physical and chemical characteristics of its structural components) is
one-sided, and in the study of "fields", the reduction theory is also one-
sided.
(5). Because biological fields are not the same as non-biological
fields, it is possible that the nature of time and space related to
biological fields are not the same as those related to non-biological
fields.
On the basis of this hypothesis, the term "duality" we will provides
a preliminary explanation to the "spirit, (II and god" of Chinese medicine
and further discuss he characteristics of Chinese and Western medicine and
possible future developments based on the duality of "solid body and
fields".
Continued research along this direction, especially when attempting
to specifically using system theory methods on the human body and
exploring the basic theories of Chinese medicine, we further need to
recognize that as an open complex giant system, we must not only emphasize
the solid body system, and even must not emphasize its solid body system.
We must give special consideration to the relationship between the solid
body and the fields. Only in this manner can the biological matter which
has the duality of "solid body and fields" be the material basis of life,
and only in this manner is it the material basis for the human body. This
corresponds to the "three precious essences of the human body, spirit, QI
and god" of Chinese medicine (however because of historical circumstances
and the limitations of the level of development of modern life sciences,
the discussion of "spirit, QI and god" in the study of Chinese medicine
appears confusing and not specific enough. Also, there is no unified set
of laws. Therefore, here, we are only using "corresponding", or
comparative to a certain degree, and not exactly equal to). Therefore,
the human body should be viewed as a giant system single entity of three
parts - "spirit, QI and god" (not only in which "spirit, QI and god" co-
exist). It goes without saying that the human body giant system is open.
Below, we will further discuss several basic questions concerning the
term "duality".
(Translator's note: page 128 is missing from original here.)
What is the "avenue of Chinese medicine?" The explanation here is
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the equal emphasis on spirit and 0, and not undue emphasis on UI.
Therefore, in order to promote delving even deeper into the theories of
Chinese medicine, in addition to giving full play to the superiority of
Chinese medicine, it is also necessary to make use of the theories and
research methods and techniques concerned with the "solid body system"
provided by modern science and Western medicine and work hard to uncover
the actual nature of Qi, and at the same time fully absorb the abundance
of knowledge provided by modern life sciences on he human body and turn it
into vital parts of our own theories. In this manner, it is possible for
us to further utilize system sciences to process the two interrelated
giant systems of "spirit- and "UI" in a unified manner. Furthermore, this
is wherein lies the hope for tremendous advances in the quality of life
sciences.
Corresponding to the complex stratified structure which forms the
"spirit- of the human body, there is a complex stratified structure of
"UI". This must be reemphasized because UI at different levels can be of
a different nature. Above certain levels (corresponding to the "solid
body-, it may be at the cellular level), UI can carry biological
information (including physiological, pathological, psychological and even
thought information) which cannot be simply attributed to physical fields.
Although because biological matter contains physical components,
biological fields are related to physical fields (such as electromagnetic
fields). Because different fields have different qualities, the
information carried on human body fields and the forms of information
carried, its effect on other matter (non-biological and biological, its
existence and transmission forms all can be in nature different from
physical fields in general. It is worth noting that UI not only passes
through the inside of the human body, but it can also be far separated
from the human body. Also, in principle, there is no reason why it cannot
be spread out in limitless space. The "external Qi of QIGONG" can
generally be believed to travel through "human body fields" outside the
human body. It can include the (II of many different levels, and its
composition is very complex.
Finally, the most interesting point is that when people attempt to
use synergetics to specifically process the giant system of the human body
using the hypothesis of the duality of the "solid body one field" as the
basis, under certain simplifications, compared to laser principles, they
discovered that if the "solid body" of the various subsystems of the human
body were made to correspond to the atoms -dipoles" of a laser, from the
"fields" corresponding to the electromagnetic fields (primarily electrical
fields), then it was possible to see that the fields of the human body
were just like the electrical fields of the laser, in that they played a
role in "ordered parameters" of the human body. According to the
"principle of dominance" in synergetics, "ordered parameters" play a role
in the prioritization within the system. This may be where the
superiority of Chinese medicine which emphasizes "UI" lies. Under certain
conditions, the natural light generated by lasers can be highly ordered
and become light which contains several special characteristics (high
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intensity, yet highly directiopal, monochromatic and coherent. Under
certain conditions, the "(II" of the human body can also be highly
"ordered", becoming a "human body laser light" with several specific
characteristics (naturally, the term "laser light" is used incorrectly
here). Delving deeper from here, we can gradually approach the principles
of strengthening of the body and improvement of health, improvement of
intellect and several other functional phenomena of QIGONG. Naturally,
laser light is only a simple giant system, while the human body is an
extremely complex giant system. Simple comparative operations can give us
some clues that we still have a long road ahead of us in uncovering the
mysteries of the human body.
III
The most important question along this road is the question of what
role does consciousness play in the human body. In the hypothesis of
"duality", consciousness falls within the range of functions. Therefore,
it should fall within the "god" of "spirit, QI and god". Naturally,
lasers do not have the consciousness of man, but lasers do also have
functions. This is to utilize the energies induced, and finally to
transmit out highly ordered electromagnetic fields. From this
definition, lasers also have "god", and are the functions of "spirit"
(dipoles), and "QI" (electrical fields) and "god" (absorbing unordered
energy and transmitting out ordered electromagnetic fields). Naturally,
compared to the human body or any other biological system, lasers are much
more simplistic.
Using the term "god" to refer to the functions of the human body is
consistent with the Chinese medicine concept that "god is the
manifestation of life activities of the human body"!.. The so-called "he
who gains god will prosper, and he who loses god will die" is not
referring to having any external "god" governing the human body, but is
merely relatively speaking, that biological systems with a healthy
functional life force will thrive, and those without this healthy
functional life force will weaken and even die.
Of these functions of the human body, the ones worth noting are the
human spiritual consciousness and thought activities. These types of
functions are a knowledge of right and wrong and are a high level god.
Because these human functions are highly developed, they can be said to be
"the difference between man and animals".
The material basis of spirit, consciousness and thought is primarily
the brain. Man has a highly developed brain, and therefore, he has a
highly developed "god" (Chinese medicine differs from Western medicine not
only as believing that the brain is "a seat of power without a god", but
also emphasizing that the functions of the heart, liver, kidneys and brain
are all related). From the viewpoint of "duality", the concept that
potential of the human brain can be estimated to have 10 to the eleventh
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power or 10 to the fifteenth power switches falls far short.
Corresponding to the complex cellular structure of the brain, the brain
has multiple levels of fields (and definitely not just the brain
electrical field and the brain magnetic field). The "two in one" function
of cells and corresponding fields is not only far from what E. Cleuewti of
IBM said that is the equivalent of ten to the power of twelve one billion
bytes per second computers in series to form a computer networks, (this
type of comparison merely reflects the machinery of the electronic age,
but it has made a deep impression, that there is much more potential to
the human brain).
However, it makes a good deal of sense to refer to computers as
"electronic brains". This is because receiving, storing, processing and
utilizing information is a major function of the human brain. The
difference is that the functions of the electronic brain are given to it
by man, and it is under the control of man. Conversely, the human brain
is the product of long term evolution of biological material and it has
these capabilities of itself. In addition, the form of information, the
content, the material form in which the information is carried and the
corresponding time form of the electronic brain are all much more simple
than those of the human brain. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the
"duality" and the "multiple layer structure" of the human brain, the
information of the human brain is much more complex than that carried on a
magnetic tape. We need only look at how complex the signals carried by
the electromagnetic waves broadcast by a television station to realize how
difficult it is to even imagine how many types of information, how much
information and how complex the information carried by the fields of the
human brain or "brain waves".
If the receiving, processing "including processing, storage and
retrieval" and the utilization of information as well as the information
which has been processed is called "consciousness", and we remain aware of
the "duality" of the brain and the complexity of the information with
which the functions of the brain are concerned, we can explain a number of
complex spiritual and conscious phenomena as well as the relationship
between spiritual, consciousness, and the brain. Here, the important
point is that because of the complex stratified structure of "spirit" and
"QI" in the brain, the consciousness functions of the brain cannot be
simply reduced to physical and chemical or even biological functions.
Second, the information of which we are currently aware is all carried on
material carriers. Therefore, the information processed by the brain and
which can be retrieved, stored and utilized should exist in the form of
many structured material systems, and these material systems can react on
the brain. In actuality, "information", in certain aspects, can be
defined as knowledge of things through a certain time space structure of
matter. If the primary mutual effects are not energy of material
carriers, but are time space structure of carriers, then we can ignore its
energy and believe it is a type of "spirit" or consciousness. Therefore,
human spirit and consciousness effects on the brain are a type of self
acting of the human body. However, this type of "self acting" cannot be
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divorced from the environment, because the information received by the
brain comes from the environment of the human body, which includes the
internal environment and the external environment. Furthermore, the
external environment includes the natural environment and the social
environment. This is the third major point of the function of
consciousness.
Starting out from these considerations, as an example, we can discuss
to some extent the seven emotions of Chinese medicine. According to the
categorization of consciousness into "knowledge, emotion and intent",
"feelings" fall into the realm of -emotions". They can be viewed as
information which has effected consciousness (it is also a series of
physiological and psychological reactions brought about by information, a
type of "god". Because "spirit, WI and god" are three parts of a whole,
the "spirit" and "WI" of the various internal organs are different, and
their "god" is also different. They react differently to different
information. It is easier for certain information to be received by or to
cause a reaction in certain internal organs. This type of information is
the main emotion of that internal organ. If this information is too
intense, it may cause damage to the corresponding internal organ.
The thought control" "thought induction" "ideas", "concentration" of
QIGONG all fall within the range of -thought" in the consciousness
category. According to the discussion earlier, "thought" is also a type
of information which is processed by the brain, and it must naturally have
carriers. When these are retrieved and utilized, they man change the "Qi"
or field status of the brain, so they use the WI or fields of the brain as
carriers. This type of carrier which has a thought information field can
be called a "thought field". -Concentrating" on a certain place is much
like using a certain information to effect a certain place. "thought
induction" is the movement of the portion effected by the "thought field".
"Ideas" are also the utilization of a type of information. For example,
"Ideas of lotus blossoms- is nothing more than plucking out "lotus
blossom" information out of the brain, allowing it to effect one's own
body. "Concentration" and "ideas" both are effects of a type of thought
field on the body itself. Because they can cause changes in the state of
the body, they can also be called "thought forces". The effects of
"thought forces" outside the body may be fairly complex. As an example, a
group of students are playing on the exercise yard, and the teacher blows
a whistle and the students all gather together. This is the thought field
of the teacher acting on the nervous system to control the whistle to
carry this information on sound waves to the students, causing a change in
the state of activity among the students. This is the thought field using
a known material form (nerves, sound and light) to effect others. This
type of situation is visible all around us, and there is nothing strange
about it. However, if the material form carrying the information is not a
simple physical field, but is some unknown or undetectable material or
material form, then it seems mysterious. Because of the reasons given
above, the field components connecting human brains may be extremely
complex, and they may have some qualities which are far from human
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understanding. Because of this, in some of the QIGONG phenomena, the
ability of the practitioner of QIGONG to use his thoughts to affect others
or other material in the outside world cannot be simply denied. This type
of cases should be carefully researched to prove their veracity.
As for
it involves
aspects of
philosophy.
science for
examples we
study.
the problem of "god", especially the problem of consciousness,
a wide range of aspects. It can be said to involve all
human life. Therefore, it has always been a basic problem of
Here we will only take it to be a specific problem of somatic
some preliminary unsophisticated exploratory discussions. The
raise are rough, but we hope that they will attract additional
The human body is a giant system composed of the three parts of
spirit, QI and god. "Spirit", "QI" and "god" are three parts and not one.
This explains that they are different. In therapy, Western medicine
emphasizes "spirit" and Chinese medicine and QIGONG emphasize "Qr.
Chinese and Western psychology both emphasize "god". However, in some way
or another the "three parts" are "one body". This complex giant system of
three parts in one body also is connected with the environment and the
universe to form a super complex giant system. It is the task of somatic
sciences to fully absorb all ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign
culture and education to uncover the relationship between the nature of
this giant system and the super giant system of the universe and to
promote the development of the civilization of mankind through this
process.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Edited by Zhu Runlong and Zhu Yiyi, "Founding Somatic Sciences", the
Sichuan Educational Press, (1) Joint Testing Group for Human Paranormal
Abilities, "The Joint Testing Report on the Truth About Human Paranormal
Abilities", (2) \song Kongzhi, Lan Ronggen, Li Xianggao and Zhou
Liangzhong, {Explorations into the Phenomenon of Human Paranormal
Abilities to Break Through Spacial Barriers".
2. Barbara Kenawei (phonetic) and others, "Science Magazine", 11 (1981)
pp 831.
3. Qian Cunze "Bulletin of Oriental and Western Medicine", No. 1, p. 6.
4. Wu Banghui, "China Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal", 1 (1986), 11,
PP 158.
5. A. Einstein and L. Yingfeierde (phonetic), "The Advances of Physics",
Shanghai Science and Technology Press (1962).
6. Edited by Yang Yiya, "Chinese Medicine", Peoples Health Press, (1980)
7. "New Scientist", 21 Jan. (1988) 68
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OUR OPINIONS ON PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
BY: J. B. Nast
From the British "Nature" magazine: In the past 18 months, the
scientific world has once more come up against some newly proposed
viewpoints. These are that certain people have super natural abilities,
including having the ability to cause changes in the physical properties
of materials. Many scientific laboratories have attempted to achieve this
clear ability.
What sort of attitude should be adopted when testing these
viewpoints? First of all, J. B. Nast, D. J. Bomu (phonetic), E. W.
Beisining (phonetic) and B. Aolege (phonetic) will introduce the progress
in their recent work at Kenbeike (phonetic) college at the University of
London. Then J. G. Taile (phonetic) of Queens College in London, the
author of a book on paranormal abilities about to be published, will
review the philosophical ideas involved in the work he has done.
In February of 1972, We contacted Mister Youli Gaile (phonetic). In
addition to taking part in the school activities of the children, we also
were able to observe telekinesis phenomena during the four terms of an
entire year. We have already prepared a simple observation report for
those persons who are interested to read. The viewpoints proposed
include: Plasticity in metals was produced in a supernatural way. Some
monocrystals wrapped in vanadium calcite film clearly disappeared. We and
some witnesses hired by "Nature" magazine all very clearly believe that
this topic which has historically been inconsistent and full of holes has
not been fully explained in the descriptions in our report. We believe
that we have made some important progress. The experience we have gained
may prove useful to physicists who, like us, are interested in the mutual
effects between the brain and the body.
We finally recognize that in this field, the circumstances of the
experiments in certain key methods and in some scientific tests are
different from the common and ordinary. This is because the test subjects
studied must have been produced by the brain of one or more participants.
Therefore, the relationship among the participants plays a much more basic
role than in ordinary traditional scientific fields. In the experiments,
it is necessary to consider the personal relationships among these people,
just as the interpersonal relationships must be considered in the
principles of psychiatry and medicine. However, this naturally did not
require us to believe in parapsychological functions from the very start.
To the contrary, we were prepared to accept all possibilities. Our
objective was very simple. To explore the veracity of these
parapsychological ability phenomena. Actually, there served to eliminate
many doubts. In this type of work, it is very natural to generate some
doubt. Even so, in addition to being careful in this aspect, we also
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needed to be sensitive and good at observation. We did not want to handle
this with a predisposed mind, which would influence our perception and
destroy the possibility of the phenomena we hoped to study. We attempted
to use appropriate insight and observation to develop a type of method
which would give full consideration to interpersonal factors and permit us
to conduct effective scientific research.
When people observe phenomena, one of the first problems which occurs
is that telekinesis phenomena normally only occurs when the subject is
placed in a relaxed state. The nervousness, fear and forced spiritual
state of some subjects was generally transmitted to all the others. When
all of the participants were very active and tried to do a good job, the
overall process developed very smoothly. In addition, when the testing
shapes were artistic and very imaginative, it affected those with
parapsychological abilities and everything seemed to develop much more
easily.
We also discovered that in general, it was very difficult to generate
a batch of phenomena on precognition. Although it could be done at times,
what happened often was startling and surprising. We have already noted
the high degree of concentration in order to obtain the desired results
(for example: bending a piece of metal), but the total concentration also
resulted in the destruction of the relaxed mental state required for this
phenomenon. It may be believed to actually be primarily an unconscious
function of the brain. However, when we made a fixed determination of
what we wanted to do, the conscious functions of the brain was often more
of a hindrance than a help as far as our objectives were concerned. At
times we actually discovered that it was helpful to talk about or think
about things which were not closely related to what was about to happen.
This would cause a reduction in the tendency to over concentrate on the
predetermined goal of the experiment. This might be similar to the
process when going to sleep, this process required determination, but
continuous effort.
Many of the circumstances described above would not have been
possible without the successful research within the natural sciences.
Therefore, if the persons who were to take part in the physics experiment
were nervous or unwilling and did not really want to do the experiment,
then the chance of success would be greatly reduced. Similarly, the
infectiousness of the beauty of the test apparatus would help maintain
interest and enthusiasm, while a constant testing would weaken this
attitude and finally destroy the entire operation. In the study of
telekinesis, the conditions described above are clearly much more
important than in natural science, because the persons producing these
phenomena are not instruments or machines. Any attempt to turn a man into
an instrument or a machine will undoubtedly lead to failure. On the other
hand, as we have stated earlier, they need to be viewed as a member of the
testing group, to actively participate in the experiment, and not be
treated as outsiders.
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The following analogy may be helpful in providing a more standardized
overall description of phenomena in this field. For example, there is a
person who is paralyzed because of nerve damage. If this person wants his
hands to regain their functions, he must find some way to grow new nerve
channels. How should he do this? He does not know. He tries his best
and makes clear just what the possibilities of movement are, and to
concentrate and carefully observe just what movement occurs. He can not
describe or even imagine what he is doing to make his hand move. In
addition, he cannot produce any controlled movement at first which results
in a consciously predicted result. It is fairly clear that it is a random
and chance unconscious function of the brain leading to a connection
between the brain and the hand. If he continues his interest and
exercise, he will often discover that his movements are moving toward
approaching his preset goals. However, it should also be pointed out that
if people around him believe it is impossible for him to move his hand or
there are antagonistic feelings which make him nervous, then it is not
very likely that he will be able to continue the necessary interest and
activity to move his hands.
People working with this type of paralyzed person (such as a
therapist) obviously cannot oppose the view that "he can move his hand".
The view of the paralyzed person and the view of his co-workers are two
major factors leading to success. The persons concerned must admit to the
possibility of the maximum success, and at the same time, continue to test
for the recovery of health, and not restrict it to certain results over
certain periods of time. Although the methods used are different from
traditional methods used in natural sciences, reliable results can still
be achieved in therapy.
The similarity between this and research into telekinesis is fairly
obvious. The major difference between them is: We can illustrate and to
some degree explain the connection between the hand of the paralyzed
person and his brain (connected by nerves). However, with present day
scientific knowledge, we are unable to illustrate or explain the
connection between the brain and the object moved or bent. However, if we
imagine that at the present time there are several unknown binding forces,
binding energy or binding method, then we could also hypothesize that
telekinesis is effected by using some kind of force similar to the force
of moving the hand. Then there would be those who believe there might
exist some type of unconscious "grouping" connection. In many situations,
there exist a type of visible feedback which can allow a person to be
aware of what he is doing. Furthermore, this feedback allows him to
strive to continue along that same route which cannot be described and
cannot be determined. However, it is possible that there are other forms
of feedback which exist. If a piece of metal can cause a reaction in the
brain through some unknown method, the brain similarly may be able to
cause a reaction in the metal, and even if the people concerned are
completely unaware of the object involved, because they are consciously
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4
aware of this reaction, they can say what they were feeling at what time.
Before people consciously consider their own observation of
phenomena, they should not stress a theoretical explanation of the
possibilities. This point is very important. For example, when the
effects of magnetism and the effects of static electricity were first
discovered, it could not be expressed as known forces, and these known
forces could only be considered when there was dynamic contact with the
object. This did not hinder the detection of these effects. The primary
objective of this type of observation was to derive a reasonable
explanation for this type of phenomena. This expression was first
qualitative and only later quantitative. For example, the first
qualitative observation was that like charges repel and different charges
attract. Later, quantitative measurements found that the force was
inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
this expression, it was developed into the explanation
electromagnetic field for electromagnetic phenomena. As
we propose a similar avenue of exploration, and so far
best to carry out this principle.
On the basis of
of the theory of
for telekinesis,
we have done our
In this type of research, there must be an atmosphere of mutual
trust. We should not use a jaundiced eye to turn persons with paranormal
abilities into test objects. On the other hand, as I have said earlier,
we must view them as our fellow workers. Just imagine everyone staring at
a coworker, afraid that someone was going to trick them. Under such
conditions, it is very difficult to conduct a physics experiment. How,
then, should we should we avoid the possibility of trickery? It is
possible to design a type of test equipment with superior capabilities to
make trickery impossible. Magicians in general also believe it should be
done this way. In the first stage of our work, we gave quite a few of
these pieces of equipment to Mister Gaile (phonetic). However, these
pieces of equipment were not aesthetic and did not catch his attention.
In all the failures from the beginning we discovered that when we placed a
number of possible objects together on a piece of metal and gave them to
him, at least one object would catch his attention and cause a spiritual
flash. Next, we would pick up this apparatus which included two plastic
bags. Each plastic bag also had a thin vanadium calcite monocrystalline
chip. When Gaile (phonetic) placed his hand near them, there would be
obvious visible changes to the chip in one of the bags.
In our discussions with magicians we discovered that it was the best
time to do tricks when there was something eye catching going on. In the
examples above we felt that the situation was like this: The importance
of the problem was not that it could occur at the exact time un
der observation or taping, because it was impossible to know the method of
this effect inside the sealed plastic bag. so there is no possibility of a
switch. Because of this, we reached the conclusion that this is not a
magical trick.
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Even so, we still realize that the things we are discussing here are
easily accomplished by magical tricks. We also know that we are not
experts on magic. Therefore, if any intention of trickery existed, we,
like everyone else, would be easily duped. Furthermore, there are a
number of opinions which stress the possibility that this is a trick.
Therefore, there are often people who propose having a skilled magician
assist in the observation to ensure there is no possibility of trickery.
However, very naturally, this type of insurance is in actuality
impossible. This is because every new sight is an oddity and often
appears in a surprising manner. A gifted magician can always take
advantage of it. The tricks are not always the same, but continuously
changing and developing. Therefore, at the most a magician will say he
does not know how to do the trick to do an entirely visible effect.
Naturally, if several recognized skilled magicians were to reach a
conclusion that under certain circumstances there was no trick to what was
performed, it would help produce a judgement that accepted that paranormal
ability phenomena are real. We welcome in principle this sort of
assistance in reducing the possibility of trickery. However, we have
observed that magicians often harbor a certain wariness toward the overall
intentions of this sort of investigation which causes them to tend to
create a tense atmosphere. In this sort of atmosphere, no one can do
anything. Actually, if there were few magicians who were not this way,
this would not allow their thoughts to cause those magicians who were
doubters to believe, because these prejudiced magicians hypothesize new
tricks of a complexity which exceed the ability of these special magicians
to see through. It is because of this that even though we discovered that
it was very useful to receive advice from these magicians, it seems
impossible to make significant progress on the resolution of this special
question by having magicians present. We already learned in this sort of
consultation to carefully examine the identified materials, carefully
study the process from the time it reaches the hands of the person being
tested until the material begins to bend. We are familiar with the effect
of slight movements of a persons hair, we are aware of the corrosive
effects on metals of mercury salts in alcohol and we know that metal
softens by being bent back and forth. We know that there are some real
difficulties existing in answering the criticism of looking for the
possibilities of trickery. We also know that certain fairly strong doubts
are appropriate on this point as they are about some articles. If the
scientific world does not first react in this manner, then it would be
inappropriate. However, we believe our research can adapt to this.
In some experiments, the conditions must be controlled so the
possibility of trickery is very slight. This point is very crucial.
Metal bending experiments are especially suited to this type of research.
Although as of now we have only been successful in using materials wrapped
up in a plastic bag, but this type of material can play an important role.
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We feel that if similar work continues, similar examples will
continue to pile up, and undoubtedly there will be new advances.
Furthermore, it will not be possible to illustrate or explain the new
advances using current laws of physics. Actually, we feel that we have
already made a fair amount of progress while adhering to continued and
further research in this area. We hope that even more experiments will be
conducted and that when there are successes they will be reported.
It is not easy to tell exactly where the line is where scientists
must stop and become magicians
Every scientist must ask himself if he is willing to find out the
truth about paranormal ability phenomena (bending spoons, mental telepathy
and seeing through solid objects). The question is how to do this
scientifically. There are a number of people who claim that the unique
elusive character of paranormal ability events are a barrier to the
conduct of this sort of investigative research. There also a number of
people like us who feel that these strange phenomena are related to their
world view, and therefore are worthy of careful study. When our curiosity
about these type of thing is satisfied, must we take off our scientist lab
coats? When beginning to answer this question, we can say that if the
answer is affirmative, then the elusive phenomena cannot be an appropriate
scientific subject. From this view point, if we take the quark as an
example, it will exceed the scope of science. In order to avoid such
absurdities, we must look at a murky continuous interval existence. It is
not easy to tell exactly where the line is where scientists must stop and
become magicians.
However, the properties of any phenomenon are all studied by science.
This is the repeatability that allows researchers to observe the event at
individual different times. This not only allows for the extremely
sympathetic properties of scientific research and most important, it
permits even more thorough research on subjects concerned. It is only at
this time that it will be possible to begin to view this event with
popular views. In this manner, the effective and modelling processes may
be conducted one after the other or almost at the same time.
On this point, the repeatability of paranormal ability phenomena must
be clarified, because they seem to signify different things to different
people. They are used in the following concepts. Imagine an event like a
small child bending a spoon, which has already occurred a number of times
under certain conditions. Each time the child is tested, the bending
phenomenon may not occur. Perhaps some major factor under conditions of
which no one is aware have changed from one test to the next. If the
spoon bending phenomenon (or any other conditions) occur in a small amount
of the tests and the large number of tests have convinced people that the
paranormal ability phenomenon will continue to occur at the same rate,
then the paranormal ability even can be viewed as repeatable. One of the
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major difficulties in applying this principle is how to describe the exact
environment under which the event will repeat itself. Because the
presence of certain objects and people will add to the psychological
pressures of the subject. It is necessary to go through troublesome trial
and error before a suitable environment is found. However, these problems
do not cause disappointment towards achieving repeatability in paranormal
abilities. It is especially important not to expect the test subjects to
be able to generate paranormal events at each testing and under all
conditions. This is like expecting the same particle beam to be generated
by the acceleration tunnel no matter what the vacuum level is or what
energy level is used. This type of machinery is so precise that it can
only work under very specific conditions. Because we deal with those even
more complex mechanisms of the human body, when studying paranormal
abilities we must be very careful about this.
In order to be able to further study the phenomenon of paranormal
abilities, it is very necessary to allow them to occur under suitable
restricted conditions. If the spoon bending is possible and while the
spoon is being bent, the test object cannot be directly observed, even
though it is repeatable, a number of explanations, to include a clear
explanation is still not possible. In summary, it is obvious that the
conditions must be selectable in order to eliminate the naive
explanations, especially those of tricksters, for paranormal abilities.
We are caught up in the final conflict between the strictness of
science and the clearly required relaxed state necessary for the
generation of paranormal abilities. The bending of spoons and long range
observation in the light of day, because these phenomena have a certain
degree of repeatability in daylight. Also, the witching for water
paranormal ability phenomenon deserves further study so each explanation
is tested.
It is this special nature that permits crucial testing that is
absolutely necessary for the scientific study of the phenomenon of
paranormal abilities. The scope of the series of tests conducted will
naturally be randomly conducted by the researchers_ However, this is the
measurable thing which exists in paranormal ability events themselves. We
need not further investigate to prove that the testing is easy, because
this involves certain aspects of changes in the environment. Also, the
environment can often prevent special phenomena from recurring. If this
sort of change is very detrimental to paranormal ability phenomena, then
its testing is absolutely impossible. Paranormal ability events will then
be viewed as paranormal events, and the people of today's world will not
be able to effectively conduct scientific research on them.
When attempting new testing of a subject, it is possible that
paranormal ability phenomena will not occur at first, but after several
attempts, they will later appear at a certain stage. Under these
conditions, the researchers must clearly have patience, and they must be
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this way, otherwise there will be a shortage of knowledge on the study of
paranormal ability phenomena. It is very necessary to systematically and
gradually conduct this work, no matter what, this strange phenomena must
be accurately described in order that it may obtain effective proof and it
is possible to begin to hypothesize about its possible explanations. It
is especially necessary to use extremely strict testing so that trickery
cannot be taken as a cause of paranormal ability events. In this way
further investigation of paranormal phenomena can be achieved.
In the past two years, quite a few researchers saw the example of the
bending spoon. These explanations are valuable, and even though they are
based on the principles described above, they are still non conclusive.
In is only through the careful measurement of the various physical
parameters, especially the pressures applied, during the bending process
that it is possible to list it in the category of paranormal abilities.
It would be best if these measurement processes could be carried out
automatically, and certain preliminary tests with positive results have
already arranged this sort of measurements., People have already
attempted measurements of various parameters such as temperatures and
various types of radiation. In these attempts at measurement, it is
necessary to allow the subject to be as relaxed as possible and at the
same time, prevent any laxity in the scientific strictness.
Because of the preponderance of observers with a doubtful attitude,
in order to prevent psychological pressures due to the presence of
doubtful observers, the best method seems to be to use automatic
measurement instruments whenever possible. In this way, the research
personnel can focus their attention on the subject's psychological state
and not have it divided between with half of it on keeping the subject in
a relaxed state and the other on careful observation of the events that
occur. Here, movie film and audio film are not as useful as people think.
This is because they can only provide a one sided picture of the changes
of events. They cannot monitor the amount of such changes as pressure and
the critical magnetic force.
Finally, we should also mention those persons with a doubtful
attitude. When they are present, the paranormal phenomenon may fail to
occur or they not observe the paranormal event and feel that paranormal
phenomena are impossible. Although doubter's prejudices toward paranormal
events and have extreme reactions. However this sort of critical attitude
plays an important role in science, and even ensures that the principle of
strictness in science plays a positive role. However, an extremely
doubtful attitude toward the progress in the field of paranormal abilities
acts as a hinderance. The solution of this problem is determined by what
kind of proof will be accepted by those who doubt. This answer to this
question is determined by each of those with an attitude of deep distrust.
People can recognize certain general characteristics of this view.
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The most extreme doubters remain unmoved by any paranormal abilities
phenomenon they face because of their attitude of doubt. This type of
stubborn unchangeable attitude can only go with decay and death. Let us
look once more an the doubters who are a little better. The demand to see
firsthand phenomena because in their view this phenomenon seems to be
impossible. Furthermore, even if when they see this phenomenon, they may
claim: There is still some trickery in the phenomenon. We must ask him
to observe this type of phenomenon under conditions of strictest possible
methods. To be successful with him, it will take time and patience. If
he can be influenced, it is only if we are willing to spend the time and
patience that it will be possible to have him observe the phenomenon that
will convince him.
Here we have already hypothesized that we can obtain the conditions
where trickery is impossible and where paranormal ability events can be
measured. Some people believe this is not the case. This view is very
clearly false. It is possible to eliminate all conditions of trickery. A
piece of metal equipped with a pressure sensor cannot be bent without
anyone being aware of it unless the sensor is not working. If the method
of bending is not mechanical, and is chemical or laser beam methods, it is
only necessary to carefully conduct chemical analysis or measure the
temperature and it will be possible to compare the results. Conventional
methods cannot cause an object to bend without contact.
At the present time it is not possible to allow this sort of non
believer to observe the detailed experiments by the extremely small number
of persons with obvious paranormal abilities. It seems that a small
portion of them cannot do this. In order to affect this doubt of theirs,
it is necessary to know just where they are coming from. The scientific
doubt concerning paranormal abilities is based on this fact, that the
paranormal ability events studied are in conflict with current scientific
views. At least, this is said to be a fact which is applicable to every
paranormal ability event. However, differences exist between the
different sorts of paranormal ability phenomena.
First of all, odd events which exist seem to be impossible in the
eyes of science, however, actually, if people all believed that current
fields still were lacking a certain knowledge, perhaps in the future it
would be possible to come up with a scientific explanation. Here we raise
the example of bending a spoon once more. Recently some people proposed a
theory of electromagnetism to explain it. In order to test it well, it is
necessary to consider study of super low frequency electromagnetic
radiation energy and the effects between it and various materials - to the
degree where the material is cracked. It has only been recently that this
new property of material has been discovered and proven this hypothesis.
Furthermore, the measurement of the instantaneous magnet field in this
process is related to the stress fracture of the various materials. As
for telepathy and long range vision, the same hypothesis can be proposed.
A small group of recent achievements from Stanford research indicates a
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radiation at the upper limit of extremely high frequencies and yet also
includes low frequencies. Since low frequency electromagnetic radiation
has already been shown to effect the psychological parameters of animals,
then, this sort of electromagnetism hypothesis must be considered. Other
physical phenomena are even more difficult to understand using this type
of special shop talk. Therefore, if objects can actually disappear from
inside a sealed container, then the energy required to eliminate its
chemical bond would be very great and impossible to provide a feasible
physical explanation with current special terminology. This type of
phenomena cannot be proven just like the bending of spoons and telepathy.
Therefore, there also exists the possibility that moving objects do not
always disappear at on place and appear at another place. However, if
this is the case, it is very obvious that this would be in contradiction
with the current scientific view of natural forces and the laws they
satisfy, especially with the law of the conversation of energy.
Similar difficulties occur in other paranormal ability phenomena such
as precognition. It is difficult to categorize as a normal cause and
effect relationship. Normal cause and effect relationships use the
explanation of retarded potential as the formula for the fields of all
energy. However, when the retardation effect only occurs when people are
present, this is very strange. It is very natural to consider that
awareness is very necessary in these phenomena.
Finally, if researchers are patient and intelligent with everything,
including the test subjects and their colleagues, the truth about
paranormal ability events should be found. In their experiments, they
must aim at the highest level of scientific strictness. However, while
having the subject meet fairly scientific conditions, before causing the
paranormal ability events to occur, he must also use a great amount of
time to prepare. In addition, researchers must work hard to establish a
fairly feasible model for paranormal ability events. If all advances were
smooth, they would have fairly great advances in obtaining this effect.
Translated by Qian Shencen and Dushenshou from NATURE Magazine of 10
April 1975.
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