CONTROVERSIES OLD AND NEW WILL SHAPE CIA'S DIRECTION FOR DECADE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP99-00498R000100170118-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 19, 2007
• Sequence Number: 118
• Publication Date: April 30, 1979
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

Approved For Release 2007/06/19: CIA-RDP99-00498R000100170118-6
~~ ..America's
fastest: growing
freedom newspaper."
CIA's Stanfield Turner. Controversy Old and' New
In tlds, issue
Words .ouaer
than ACTION ........... 4
Can the Navy Meet
Its Responsibility ..:...... 5
Controversies Old and
New Will Shape CIA's
Direction for Decade
Amid growing controversy
centering on alleged intelligence
failures and the shortcoming of
Admiral Stansfield Turner as direc-
tor of the intelligence community,
Congress is moving toward comple-
tion of a new charter for the CIA
which will determine.the organiza-
tion's direction for the coming
decade. The bill, still in draft stage,
will also bring to a close criticism
which began four years ago with
charges that the CIA had over-
stepped its authority in sponsoring
special covert and domestic security
operations.
The draft bill, still to be approved
by President Carter before being
sent to the Hill; is not as bad as op-
ponents of the CIA had expected,
nor as good as supporters of the
CIA might have hoped.
An earlier Senate draft of the bill
would have banned the agency from
a lengthy list of activities. As. the
newer version now stands specific
prohibitions are few.
new (code as a "blessing" in
disguise, since it "legitimizes
conduct" for which the agency has
been criticized in the past.
Nevertheless the proposed legisla-
tion would practically eliminate
almost all covert operations. Every
covert project would have to pass a
Cabinet-level committee as well as
the president, and would have to be
disclosed beforehand to eight con-
gressional committees dealing with
intelligence, foreign affairs and
defense.
The Association of Former Intel-
ligence Officers has assailed this as
"an over-reaction to a few abused in
the past.";
Furthermore, authority to grant a
wiretap or other form of "intrusive
surveillance" will be transferred
from the President, to the judiciary.
President of the Association of
Former Intelligence Officers,
Richard Stilwell called the proposal
to require court orders to "bug"
foreign powers or suspected agents
of foreign powers "the act to
convey Fourth Amendment rights
According to the Congressional on the Soviet Embassy and all KGB
aide monitoring the bill the code is officers ..." (The Fourth Amend-
written to tell the CIA what it can ment protects U.S. citizens against,
do. This "Can Do" code, says a illegal search and seizure).
recent Washington Post article, Proceedure for obtaining court
reflects a shift of opinion in favor of orders is Cumbersome, are the
the CIA from. the, vociferous judiciary is illequiped to rule on the
criticism of recent years. Admiral "national 'security,' merits of each
Turner and other CIA officials, ac- case.
cordingto the Post story, see the Meanwhile CIA director Admiral
Stanfield' Turner, has come under
fire for allegedly, undermining the
quality of, the .CIAts intelligence
ou~pul X q article by Benjamin
I' ekktntuii n t',avt4thhsr tsi~ trr
.'bins Forces Iokfh61'. which' he
edits; and` adapted ' by the Wash-
ington Post on April 8, charges that
Admiral Turner has destroyed the
former high analytic quality of CIA
output, downplayed indispensible
human intelligence 'collection in
favor of useful but 'insufficient
mechanical collection means, and
even tailored CIA reports to fit the
political needs of the Carter Ad-
ministration-
Schemmer cites these as the most
common complaints of over two
hundred and fifty "key career pro-
fessionals," largely from analysis
divisions, who have recently
resigned. These resignations are the
see CIA, p. 2
Approved For Release 2007/06/19: CIA-RDP99-00498R000100170118-6
 Approved For Release 2007/06/19: CIA-RDP99-00498R000100170118-6
Page 2-THE RISING TIDE April 15, 1979
Controversies- Old and New Will
Shape CIA's Future for Decade
CIA, from p. 1
addition to eight hundreds and fifty
operatives, mostly involved with the
covert and counterintelligence CIA
arms, whom Turner fired in 1977.
Intelligence "failures" con-
cerning Iran, as well as inaccurate
estimates. of the strength of the
Warsaw Pacts in ground and air
Biography
Adm.Turner
forces and the size of North Korea's GRU agents operating in the United
army, are attributed by Schemmer States has increased by 50% in the
to Admiral Turner's' willingness to last , seven years. In Africa, the
substitute personal hunches for Middle East, and Latin America
facts and analysis. KGB covert operations are growing
Other CIA employees, par- in scope and deadliners.
ticularly middle echelon analysts The present threat to America
tend to consider this an overstate- and her allies which these activities
ment. While conceeding that the represent can only be met by a
status of human intelligence unified, broad-ranged intelligence
resources and CIA's analysis section effort.
need upgrading, they assert that
many of those who have recently One may wonder whether alleged
resigned were not "analysts" but a CIA abuses can reasonbly be com-
.bureaucratic overlay. pare, as. CIA's opponents have
Whatever the case may -be, the done, to the contributions the CIA
future of the CIA is still uncertain: has made over the years to counter-
At a time when Soviet covert opera= ing the activities of America's
tions against the friends of the U.S. enemies. Only greater public aware-
and its intelligence gatherings ac- ness of the nature of the Communist
tivities in the U.S. have increased a activities and the role the CIA plays
strong effective intelligence in promoting America's cause can
organization vitally needed. restore the agency's former prestige
Admiral Stansfield Turner, USN,
was sworn in as Director of Central
Intelligence on 9 March 1977. In this
position he heads the Intelligence
Community (the foreign intelligence
agencies of the United States) as
well as directs- the Central In-
telligence Agency.
A native of Highland Park,
Illinois, Admiral Turner entered
Amherst College in 1941 and, two
years later, was appointed to the
United States Naval Academy at
Annapolis, Maryland. After
graduation in 1946 (Class of 1947),
he served one year at sea before
entering Oxford University as a
Rhodes Scholar for work on a
master's degree in Philosophy,
Politics and Economics.
Following Oxford, he held a
variety of sea assignments, in-
cluding command of a
minesweeper, a destroyer, and a
guided missile frigate which he
placed in commission. His shore
assignments included the Politico-
Military Policy Division in the
Office of the Chief of Naval Opera-
tions, the Office of the Assistant.
Secretary of Defense for Systems
ment Program at the Harvard
Business School, and Executive
Assistant and Naval Aide to the
Secretary of the Navy.
He was selected for promotion to
Rear Admiral in May 1970, and
shortly thereafter assumed com-
mand of a Carrier Task Group of
the Sixth Fleet while serving aboard
the' aircraft """carrier USS `' lt-
dependence. After that, he directed
the Systems Analysis Division of the
Office of the Chief of Naval
Operations.
On 30 June 1972, Admiral Turner
became the 36th President of the
Naval War College at Newport,
Rhode Island, with the rank of Vice
Admiral. During his two-year
tenure there, he instituted major
revisions ' in the curriculum to
strengthen its academic content.
In August 1974, he became
commander of the United States
Second Fleet and NATO Striking
Fleet Atlantic. He served in that
capacity until August 1975, when he
was named Commander in Chief,
Allied Forces Southern Europe
(AFSOUTH), with headquarters in
Naples, Italy. Upon assuming that
position on 1 September 1975, he
was promoted to the rank of Ad-
miral. He held this command until
his departure, on 2 March 1977 to
assume his present duties.
Admiral Turner and his wife,
Patricia, have two married children.
Their daughter, Mrs. Frank
Echevarria, lives in San Diego,
California, where she and her
husband work in the San Diego
Community College system. Their
son, Lieutenant Geoffrey W.'
Turner, his wife and their.two sons;
Scott and Grant live in Monterey,
California, where Geoffrey is at-
tending the Naval Intelligence
course at the Naval Postgraduate
School.
CIA Chronology
13 June 19'42: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive
Order 9182, establishing the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and
naming as its Director, William J. Donovan, a prominent lawyer
who won the Congressional Medal of Honor as an Army Colonel in
World War I. Donovan remained a civilian until 2 April 1943 when
he was promoted to a Brigadier General. He advanced to the rank of
Major General on 10 November 1944.
1 October 1945: President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order
9621 disbands the OSS and its functions are absorbed by the State
and War Departments.
22 January 1946: President Truman signs a Presidential Directive
establishing the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) to operate under
the direction of the National Intelligence Authority (NIA). Rear
Admiral Sidney W. Souers, USNR, appointed the first Director of
Central Intelligence (DCI).
18 September 1947: The National Security Act of 1947 replaces the
NIA with the National Security Council (NSC) and the CIG with the
Central Intelligencg Agency (CIA).
20 June 1949: Congress enacts Central Intelligence. Agency Act of
1949, supplementing the 1947 Act by specifying fiscal and ad-
ministrative procedures for the Agency"
4 August 1955: President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs bill
authorizing $46 million construction of CIA headquarters building.
3 November 1959: President Eisenhower presides at laying of
cornerstone of CIA headquarters building in Langley, Virginia.
20 September 1961: First employees begin to move into new
headquarters from various offices itf,the Washington, D.C. area.
4 January 1975: President Gerald R. Ford signs Executive order'
11828, creating the.Commission on CIA Activities W ithin the Omted `
States. Chaite3 by 'S'ip -Pre'sident' lelson Rockefeller, the Com
mission submitted its report on 'CIA domestic activities to the
President on 6 June 1975. 1
27 January 1975: The Senate establishes its Senate Select Com-
mittee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to In-
telligence Activities under the chairmanship of Senator Frank
Church (D., Idaho). The Church Committee investigated the
nation's intelligence activities for 15 months and was disestablished
upon submission of its final report on 26 April 1976. '
19 February 1975: The House establishes its House Select
Committee on Intelligence to investigate allegations. of "illegal or
improper" activities of federal intelligence agencies here and abroad.
Its first chairman was Representative Lucien Nedzi (D., Michigan),
who was later replaced by Representative Otis G. Pike (D., New"
York). On 29 January 1976, two days before the Committee was
scheduled to conclude its activities, the House voted to withhold
public dissemination of the Committee's final-report.
19 February 1976: President Ford signs Executive Order 11905
which sets intelligence policy and guidelines and establishes an in-
telligence oversight mechanism.
19 May 1976: The Senate establishes a permanent Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence under the chairmanship of Senator
Daniel K. Inouye (D., Hawaii) to carry out oversight of the nation's
intelligence organizations."Senator Inouye succeeded by Birch Bayh
(D., Indiana), on 27 January-1978.
14 July 1977: The House of Representatives establishes a per-
manent House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Chaired
by Representative Edward P. Boland (D., Massachusetts), it differs
from the SSCI in that it has oversight jurisdictic"*t over the CIA but
shares with several other House committees legislative oversight
authority over all other intelligence agencies.
4 August 1977: President Jimmy Carter announces reorganization
of the Intelligence Community, creating a high level committee
chaired by the DCI to set priorities for collecting and producing
intelligence, and giving the DCI full control of budget and
operational tasking of intelligence collection. r
24 January 1978: President Carter signs Executive Order 12036
which reshapes the intelligence structure and provides explicit
guidance on all facets of intelligence activities.
The Intelligence Community
Department of Defense Elements
Departmental Intelligence Elements (Other than DoD)
Independent Agency
Our National Intelligence Organization
Presidential Executive Order No. 12036, 26 January 1978, assigns the Director of Central Intelligence the
responsibility to act as the primary adviser to the President and the National Security Council on national
foreign intelligence. To discharge this and other assigned duties, the Director is the appointed head of both the
Central Intelligence Agency and the Intelligence Community. These relationships and the mechanisms
established by the, Executive Order to sustain them are discussed below.
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL (NSC)
The NSC was established by the National Security Act of 1947 to advise the President with respect to the
integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security. The NSC is the highest
Executive Branch entity providing review of, guidance for, and direction to the conduct of all national foreign
intelligence and counterintelligence activities. The statutory members of the NSC are the President, Vice
President, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense. The Director of Central Intelligence and the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff participate as advisers"
,POLIICYREVIEWCOMMITTEE(PRC)
This committee of the NSC is compbtt d of the Vice President;the Secretariesof State, treasury, and Defense;
the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the
Director of Central Intelligence; and other senior officials as appropriate. The PRC Chairman varies according
to the meeting agenda; e.g., the Director of Central Intelligence is chairman when the body addresses intelligence
matters. PRC duties in connection with national foreign intelligence require that it establish requirements and
priorities, relate these requirements to budget proposals and resource allocations, review and evaluate the quality
of intelligence products, and report annually on its activities to the NSC.
SPECIAL COORDINATION COMMITTEE (SCC)
This committee of the NSC is chaired by the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and is
composed of the statutory members of the NSC and other senior officials as appropriate. The SCC deals with
cross-cutting issues requiring coordination in the development of options and the implementation of Presidential
decisions. Regarding intelligence issues, the SCC is required to consider and submit to the President policy
recommendations on special activities; review and approve proposals for sensitive foreign intelligence collection
operations; develop policy, standards, and doctrine for and approve U.S. counterintelligence activities; and
submit annually to the ; President an assessment of the relative threat to U.S. interests from intelligence and
security services of foreign powers and from international terrorist activities.
INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD (IOB)
The President's Intelligence Oversight Board functions within the White House. The IOB consists of three,
members from outside the government who are appointed, by the President. The duties of the IOB include
reviewing the practices and procedures of the Inspectors General and General Counsels with responsibilities for
'agencies within the Intelligence Community, for discovering and reporting to the IOB intelligence activities that
raise questions of legality or propriety, reporting to the President any intelligence activities that raise serious
questions of legality, and forwarding to the Attorney General reports on activities that raise questions of
legality.
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
While the Director of Central Intelligence is head of the CIA, he is at the same time leader of the Intelligence _
Community of which CIA is but one component. The Intelligence Community refers in the aggregate to those
Executive Branch agencies and organizations that conduct the variety of intelligence activities which comprise
the total U.S. national intelligence effort. The Community includes the Central Intelligence Agency; the
National Security Agency; the Defense Intelligence Agency; offices within the Department of Defense for
collection of specialized national foreign intelligence through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of In-
telligence and Research of the Department of State;,intelligence elements of the military services, the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, the Department of the Treasury, the. Department of Energy, and the Drug Enforcement
Administration; and staff elements of the Office of the Director of Central Intelligence: Members of th In-
telligence Community advise the Director of Central Intelligence through their representation on a number of
specialized committees that deal with intelligence matters of common concern. Chief among these groups is the
National Foreign Intelligence Board which the Director chairs and which includes as an observer a representative
of the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.
Approved For Release 2007/06/19: CIA-RDP99-00498R000100170118-6