RESPONSE TO UN ASSOCIATION STUDY CALLING FOR INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT IN NATURAL DISASTERS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80M00165A002400080002-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 26, 2004
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: August 31, 1977
• Content Type: MEMO

Approved For ReleaseE '604/(9/11*W- ~RBM00165A00240
Date: 31 August 1977
SUBJECT: Response to UN Association Study
Calling for Intelligence Support in
Natural Disasters
REMARKS:
A response to a study calling for intel support
in natural disasters is offered for your signature
At the same time, you are asked to endorse
DDI's making a study of how we can respond and
reporting back to you with recommendations.
Also attached (At TAB 3) is a corollary memo
from NPIC's John Hicks stimulated by the same
report in which he proposes U. S. initiative in
helping the UN establish an air reconnaissance
capability. He suggests you raise the topic
with State. You may wish to do this in a talk
with Vance, or to send or durnish him a memo
on this topic. The Hicks proposal could be
cranked into DDI's study and be included as an
alternative in this report to you.
It is recommended that you sign the letter to
Ratner; authorize the DDI study, and ask them to
include Hicks' proposal as an alternative with
pros and cons.
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 TO
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NAME AND ADDRESS
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ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE
REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Reconnaissance Survey Capability to Paul Wash's
-endorsed memorandum on Intelligence-support to.
Natural Disaster Relief since Hick's memo adds
more information to the recommendation outlined
-in--pars 4 of Walsh's memo to yau_==LL
 the Director
Central lntellivence A, enc
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Mr. Robert M. Ratner
United Nations Association
of the United States of America
300 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 10017
X
77 .%4a
1 September 1977
Dear Mr. Ratner:
Thank you for calling my attention to the report of your
Policy Studies Panel on International Disaster Relief. It is
compelling in its humanitarian objectives and explicit in its
recommendations.
I have several comments with respect to those recommendations
in the report which call for increased application of technology,
particularly information derived from reconnaissance systems, to
natural disaster research. The U-2 photographs and photo inter-
pretation assistance provided by the-US Government to Guatemala
after the earthquake of early 1976 (and cited in your report) are
good examples of what can be done in support of disaster analysis
with advanced techniques originally developed for intelligence
purposes. This type of cooperative effort will be continued in
future crises whenever it appears to be feasible.
The CIA in recent years has devoted an increased analytical
effort to anticipation and assessment of natural hazards and
disasters. Some of the Agency's longer-term work on climatic
change and on its possible effects has already been well-
publicized. Research on the more immediate problems, when it
is based.on highly-classified sources, will in most instances
continue to be accessible only to appropriately cleared individuals,
as you mention in your report. Rest assured that I will make
every effort to see that any research of this type -- classified
or unclassified -- gets into the hands of the appropriate US
officials on a timely basis.
yiy q~
XEC!'';~' .+ c-,1S4!~Y RtE
L. ti Mb V:a h
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Central Intelligence Agency
1 September 1977
Mr. Robert M. Ratner
United Nations Association
of the United States of America
.300 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 10017
Dear Mr. Ratner:
Thank you for calling my attention to the report of your
Policy Studies Panel on International Disaster Relief. It is
compelling in its humanitarian objectives and explicit in its
recommendations.
I have several comments with respect to those recommendations
in the report which call for increased application of technology,
particularly information derived from reconnaissance systems, to
natural disaster research. The U-2 photographs and photo inter-
pretation assistance provided by the-US Government to Guatemala
after the earthquake of early 1976 (and cited in your report) are
good-examples of what can be done in support of disaster analysis
with advanced techniques originally developed for intelligence
purposes. This type of .cooperative effort will be continued in
future crises whenever it appears to be feasible.
The CIA in recent years has devoted an increased analytical
effort to anticipation and assessment of natural hazards and
disasters. Some of the Agency's longer-term work on climatic
change and on its possible effects has already been well-
publicized. Research on the more immediate problems, when it
is based on highly-classified sources, will in most instances
continue to be accessible only to appropriately cleared individuals,
as you mention in your report. Rest assured that I will make
every effort to see that any research of this type -- classified
or unclassified -- gets into the hands of the appropriate US
officials on a timely basis.
g p
16 riigW $~^7 is 0.lSS i
~573am. i `
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Again, I thank you for your report, and will give thoughtful
consideration to those segments dealing with more intensive use
of the military and intelligence technology to support commitments
of the US Government in response to natural disasters.
Yours sincerel
STANSFIELD &NER
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2, pair, 1977
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence
FROM . Paul V. Walsh
Acting Deputy Director for Intelligence
SUBJECT .. I ntel1 i gence? 'Support--to -N'atura'l,- Di saster~: Rel i of
1. Actions Requested:
a. That-.,you- .approve and?-;s i gn- the proposed i etter-to
Mr: ? Robert t Ratner, ' Acting Presi dent; -Uni ted. Nations
Association of the United States of--America, which is
appended as:-Attaaehment 1.
b. That you--approve-the recommendation- irr-paragraph 4
be l ow-.
2. Background: You recently. received a letter=and a:.report onrn
International Disaster..Relief -from Mr.--Ratner (both letter and report
are appended-as.Att&Ghme 2). Mr. Ratner requested your comments on
the report and there are several-. -itemss--in.it-;which warrant your attention-.--
a. The principal one- is a recommendation '(on page-,69 of.
the- report),.?thatnthe?miIitary?and security, -organizations
i n-.,countri`es ='whic-h--have. advanced surveillance and --
communi-cation-s=--systems:. examine- the means by which the
information developed by these systems ,--.relevant?to
disaster preparedness;--disaster- early warning, and
di sas_ter. damage .asses.smen.t:., mi ght. be made. avai.l.abl e
to.. the.. stri-cken< countri es.? or- to` 'the ' UN so. than appro
priate,-action could be---expedited. The Panel suggested
that this sharing of information could be accomplished
by giving US Ambassadors access to relevant classified
information, or by passing declassified information
and products from classified systems to the UN or to
the disaster-stricken countries.
Comment:- CIA -and ? NPIC al ready? have a- substantial
capability to monitor and evaluate naturaldisas.te.r......
situations'. Much of this has been done within the
framework of intelligence needs -- e.g., assessing
damage and political/economic implications of the
Chinese earthquake -- rather than from the standpoint
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of support to relief efforts. An exception was
the NPIC/AID operation (cited but not identified
as NPIC in the attached report of the UN Association
of the US) supplying high-resolution U-2 photography
and an experienced photo interpreter to Guatemala
within days of the February 1976 earthquake.
Ar~wi~PI6 uni t~i s? already tasked wi th? exploitation
.,of ..i mager..y. materials ? for'~qu i` ck?=response yreadout.. of
obvious damage,from-.natu.ral- hazards . such as-, earth-
quakes..ar:floods. The Office of Geographic and
Cartographic Research in the DDI has also done some
work of this type exploiting, photography and other
sources and has initiated contacts with AID to explore
their needs for natural-disaster intelligence. OER
has evaluated the economic impact of natural disasters.
b. Another item,-.in-the-report'"is;the 'suggestion (page 8)
that."Certain of:.the.operators in these-military and..
..securi.ty:.organizations could. receive further- tra,inin.g.
--in di sasterr..-ppreparedness , early warni ng and damage
assessment."
Comment: We are already-giving some-attention to
devea opmen-t= of-sk?i.l l s. along,.these: l i nes -through
on-the-job effort, and plan to have a few of our
people attend special workshops on natural disasters
at the University of Colorado.
c. The -report--a}so--recommends-- (page- 66). that, the. US, Government,
in. particular-SID--'"cons der'" he--provision. of high-altitude
r.econnai-ssance~planes-and?.thL-=facilities for- processing-the
film used: b, .-such planes, as. -part`of an expanded program of
assistance. -.to- national and./or regional disaster preparedness-."
Comment: .-l-f_-AID-. should,respond to- this recommendation,
policy-on- the--?extent of-technical transfer would no
doubt need to be;-,weighed, bye CORIREX. and.:the appropriate
Doa.- reconrrai ssance--,orga.ni zati ons _. .
3. Scale of the Agency's Effort: There are two types of disasters
which the UN Association's report addresses: "slow developing" disasters
(e.g., famines) and sudden disasters (e.g., earthquakes or typhoons).
a. With respect to slow developing disasters, the report
in several places calls for greater efforts to be made
to provide early warning of such disasters. As you
are aware, the Agency has in recent years refined methods
of crop forecasting, conducted research in long-term
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climatological trends, and is researching means of
anticipating food/population crises. Much of this
basic research will not be based on highly-classified
sources, and probably will be releasable to the public.
In general, we believe that the Agency's efforts in
these areas are about at the proper level.
b. On sudden disasters, the intelligence problem is less
one of predicting than of responding after the fact --
i.e., assessing the damage after a natural disaster has
occurred. The--Agency- i nn-thee-past ,has- responded, .to--such
disasters!4on= an-adhoc basis, and the scale of the
response has depended on the importance of the country
suffering the disaster as an intelligence target. In
the case of last year's earthquake in China, for example,
the effort made by the Agency to assess the damage and
its economic and political impact was substantial.
Considerably smaller efforts have been devoted to
assessing damage caused by earthquakes, floods, typhoons
or volcanoes in other areas of the world in recent years.
The security problem of deciding what types of information
can and should--be released to a country suffering a natural
disaster poses problems that in the past also have been
dealt with on an ad hoc basis. Both with respect to the
scale of the Agency's response, and the kinds of information
that should be declassified, we believe it would be useful
to establish contingency guidelines and procedures that
would better focus the Agency's response to unexpected
natural disasters in the future.
4. Recommenda-tion:. That-you?instruct. the DDI to review-the state
of.intelligence,:research on natural disasters, the adequacy of present
inteiligen.ce..support _to:.US disaster relief -efforts, and'.the-problems'of,
releasing classified-?-i-nfo-rmati on ono na-tural disasters in-other countries.
Further, that you instruct the DDI to report back to you recommending
guidelines and procedures::that might be established to strengthen-the
Agency's . aai l-ity -to- respond to forei gn._ natural di saster. s .
APPROVED
Director of C'ertr l Intelligence
Director of Central Inte--ligence (Jv
25
As stated above
Paul a s
r-T
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SUBJECT: Intelligence Support to Natural Disaster Relief
Originator: OGCR 119Aug77)
Distribution: (a copies with attachments)
Original - Director
1 - ADDCI
--I- - ER
1 - Ch/Ops Center
1 - COMIREX
1 - D/NPIC
1 - DDI
1 - DDI Chrono
1 - D/OER
1 - D/OSR
1 - D/OIA
1 - D/OGCR
1 - Ch/GD/OGCR
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 Approved
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Cn.iinrl.i ?T o! ill:' Associ tti,n
Williaro W. Scranton
Cbairm?, S.)JrJ p! G^?:.~;;, r5
Robert S. Bcnjarnin
Chuirma i. An. Comm.. Unittid Artists Corp.
C^'7 rrri I-: James S. McDonnell
Chairnr,-1, MMcLionne!l DouglaSCorp.
Viii ..,i:r r.ra
Patricia K. Di Giorgio
Son Francisco Chap!ar, UNA
John E. Leslie
Chairman, Bache Halsey Stuart Inc.
Leo Nevas
Partner-fleva5, Nevas & Rubin
Jean Picker
interchange Foundation
Robert V. Roosa
Partner-Brow.o Brothers Harriman & Co
S-ecre:ary
Ra:n J. Hinerfeld
tst L.? .-Leay,:e of :"omen Voters
'ai:urar
Harry VI. Knight
Chairman, Hillsboro Associates, inc.
C! ain ^., UNA Special Funding Program
Robert F. Wright
Partner-Arthur Andersen & Co.
Governors
Martha M. Aasen
Chairman. Conference of
UN Representatives
Morris B. Abram
Partner-Paul, Weiss, Ritkind,
Y/hartoo & Garrison
Andrew F. Brimmer
President, Brimmer & Co., inc.
R. Manning Brown, Jr.
Chairman, II. Y. Life Insurance Co.
Kenneth R. Burrough3
President. Texas Division, UNA
Jacob Clayman
Secretary-Treasurer
Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO
William T. Coleman, Jr.
Partner-O'Melveny & Myers
Gaylord Freeman
Hon. Chrm., First National Bank of Chicago
Arnold Goodman
Chairman. Council of Chapter and
Division Presidents, UNA
Dr. Armand Hammer
Chairman, Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Vlal:er E. Hanson
Senior Partner
Peat. Marwick, Mitchell & Co.
Attorney-V. P., Pacific Chapter, UNA
Philip Klutznick
Klutznick Investments
Edward Lamb.
President, Lamb Enterprises, Inc.
Estelle Linzer
V. P., Southern N.Y. State Div., UNA
L. F. McCollum
Chairman, Mercantile Texas Corp.
Porter McKeever
Associate, John O. Rockefeller. 3rd
Carmel Carrington Mart
Commissioner, fl. Y. State Public
Service Commission
William S. Penchard
Chairman. Erec. Comm., Chemical Bank
William Ruder
President, Ruder & Finn, Inc.
Richard J.?Schmeelk
General Partner, Salomon Brothers
Joseph M. Segel
Chairman, Presidential Airways
Joe Byrns Sills
C! Pia ert!, C/-- 9r, Division
Peggy Sanford Carlin
Vice Presiden', Program P!annirrg
and National 0;.7anizations
Louis J. PrOvenzale
ASS!start T c.n 'rrer
and Contro!ter
Richard B. Winner
Director. F ngn^ial Development
anti A.7mrni S.'.?7nOn
Acting President
Robert Ni. Ratner
UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATIOI\
of the UNITED STATES of AMERICP
300 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK, N .Y. 1001
Cable Address UNASAMER (212) 697-323_2
Honorary Co-Chairmen 11a.'i0n2f Chairt?.ra. UPt C-./ 197?
Arthur J. Goldberg (S a^po'r.-m rt o'
Henry Cabot Lcdge T,` a President of the U.S.A.)
Anna Lord Strauss
Charles W. Yost Henry Ford ti
Chair, n, Ford Motor Compa y
.Admiral Stansfield Turner
Director
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C.
Enclosed is a copy of the final report issued by UNA's
Policy Panel on International Disaster Relief, as well as a
copy of the press release on the Report.
The Panel was chaired by Orville L. Freeman, President of
Business International and former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.
Other Panel members included George Ball, former Under-Secretary
of State; Lester Brown, author of "By Bread Alone;" Senator
Hubert Humphrey; David Morse, former head of ILO; Glenn Watts,
President of the Communications Workers of America and George
Woods, former President of the World Bank.
On Page 4 of the Report is a summary of the major recom-
mendations the Panel directs to various agencies of the UN
and the US Government, and to organizations involved in_inter
national disaster relief.
I think you will find that these recommendations are,
in the main, practical and useful. I would appreciate any
comments you might have.
RMR:mef
Enclosure
IJ1
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Robert M. Ratner
Acting President
 2) OX 7-3232
tW. YORK 10017
CI
RDP
0T65A 02 0008 002-9
A
0NI0
pproved 1VRelease 20041103/15 :
PRESS RELEASE
CONTACT-
HOLD FOR RELEASE ON
t 4
d
A
h
1977
In New York:
Stephen Green
(212)
697-3232
,
ay
ugus
urs
T
Ellie King
(212)
697-3232
In Washington, D.C.:
Roger Cochetti
(202)
547-6645
CITIZENS' PANEL URGES LEGAL PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
Also Proposes Creation of UN Disaster Early Warning Unit
and Increased Disaster Preparedness Assistance
A panel of distinguished citizens, including former senior UN and US officials,
in a comprehensive review of the international disaster relief system, has-proposed
a series of steps designed to overcome the political and administrative problems which
frequently impede relief efforts. Among the proposals are the creation of a disaster
early warning unit in the Office of the UN Secretary-General, provision of legal
protection to victims of natural disasters by neutral international agencies, conclusion
of international agreements specifying the obligations of governments to disaster
victims and creation of a special UN fund, administered by the UN Development Program,
for disaster preparedness programs in the developing countries.
The panel's 90 page report, published by the United Nations Association, entitled.
"Acts of Nature, Acts of Man: The Global Response to Natural Disasters," is the
result of a year-long study which focused on four major aspects of disaster relief:
international coordination, the application of modern technology, preparedness in
developing countries and the "politics'fi of natural disasters.
The panel was chaired by Orville L. Freeman, President of Business International
and former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture." Other panel members included George Ball,
former Under-Secretary of State; Lester Brown, author of "By Bread Alone"; Senator
Hubert Humphrey; David Morse, former head of ILO; Glen Watts, President of the Communi-
cations Workers of America and George Woods, former President of the World Bank.
The UNA report concludes that political considerations continue to impede many
disaster relief operations, in spite of the fact that the UN and Red Cross have
designated special units to coordinate and monitor the international movement of
relief goods. Among the specific problems with which the report deals are the failure
by governments and relief agencies to acknowledge the existence of adisaster, diversion
of assistance to,groups relatively less needy and the stealing of relief goods and
supplies. Such problems tend to emerge more often during slow-developing disasters,
such as droughts and epidemics.
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Tocurb such occurances, the panel recommends 1) the creation of a disaster
early warning unit in the Office of the UN Secretary-General, 2) the provision of
international legal "protection" to disaster victims by agencies that now monitor
conflicts and refugee movements, and ultimately, 3) the establishment of international
agreements spelling out the obligations of governments to ensure relief in natural
disasters.
A second major conclusion of the panel is that national governments in many
disaster-prone developing countries. are not prepared to handle the complex logistics
and administrative tasks involved in a major natural disaster. Among the reasons
for this, the panel maintains, is the lack of emphasis given to disaster preparedness
in the programs of major international devebpment assistance agencies, particularly
those of the UN. The panel recommends the creation of a special UN fund (administered
by the UN Development Program) to handle earmarked funds for this purpose, and urges
the US Government to "start the ball rolling" by making new monies available for
this purpose.
Other recommendations of the panel include proposals for strengthening the
United Nations Disaster Relief Office (UNDRO) and for the increased use of earth-
orbiting satellites for communications in disaster operations, and for early warning
and damage assessment. The report also urges the establishment of a computerized
global food tracking system that would locate and permit the rapid diversion of
commercial shipments of grain, to disaster zones where food was critically needed.
Throughout. its deliberations the panel has maintained close contact with the
agencies to which its recommendations-are addressed,, and these organizations are
expected to be receptive to most of the panel's recommendations. For example, a
recent report of the Senate Foreign Relatiors Committee recommends US action on
several of the proposed reforms, notably support for additional assistance to national
disaster. preparedness programs in developing countries. UNDP is already considering
ways in which UN disaster preparedness assistance can be accelerated.' Participation
in the panel's deliberations by State Department officials has resulted in a-State
Department action program, soon to be presented to OECD, which includes expanded
assistance to national disaster preparedness efforts. The International Committee of
the Red Cross is now formally considering the panel's recommendation that ICRC offer
its protection services to certain victims of natural disasters. And finally, the
ICRC and League of Red Cross Societies are _ointly preparing a feasibility study
on a new international disaster relief convention, to be presented at the quadrennial
International Conference of the Red Cross in Bucharest in October of this year.
Pag_ 2
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The report is part of the Policy Studies Program of the United Nations Associa-
tion. Robert V. Roosa, Partner, Brown Brothers Harriman and Co.,.is Chairman of UNA's
Policy Studies Committee. The most recent report issued by the Association was "Con-
the Conventional Arms Race" released in November 1976. UNA is an independent,
non-partisan organization which seeks to create an informed and active public opinion.
in support of constructive US policies in the UN and in other international bodies,
and to develop new ideag on how to deal-with global problems. Governor William W.
Scranton, former US Ambassador to the UN was recently elected Chairman of the Association.
A complete list of panel members follows.
UNA-USA POLICY STUDIES PANEL
ON INTERNATIONAL DISASTER RELIEF
CHAIRMAN:
ORVILLE L. FREEMAN
President, Business International
Formerly, Secretary of Agriculture
GEORGE W. BALL
Senior Partner, Lehman Brothers Incorporated
Formerly, Under-Secretary of State
M. KATHLEEN BELL
US Department of State, Retired
CHRISTINE BESHAR
Partner, Cravath, Swaine and Moore
LESTER BROWN
President, Worldwatch Institute
HERSCHELLE S. CHALLENOR
Staff Consultant.to Sub-Committee on
International Resources, Food and
Energy, US House of Representatives
DAVID A. MORSE
Partner, Surrey, Karasik, Morse and Seham
Formerly, Director-General'of the
International Labor Organization
'JEAN PICKER
BERT COWLAN Vice Chairman, United Nations Association--_
Consultant, Institute of Public Administration . US Representative to the UN Commission-
for Social Development
TOM J. FARER
Professor of Law, Rutgers University JOSEPH M. SEGEL
Formerly, Assistant to the Assistant Secretary Chairman, Presidential Airways
of State for Inter-American Affairs Board of Governors, UNA-USA
C. CLYDE FERGUSON, JR.
Visiting Professor of Law, Harvard Law School
Formerly, US Representative to the Economic
and Social Council of the UN
DAVID P. FORSYTHE
Associate Professor of Political Science,
University of Nebraska
GLEN E. WATTS
President, Communications Workers of
America
GEORGE D. WOODS
Director, First Boston, Inc..
Formerly, President, Chairman of the
Board, International Bank for Recon-
struction and Development
* Mr. Greenfield served sith the panel and followed its work, but due to the policy of
The New York Times, cannot and does not associate himself with the panel's recommendations.
** Mr. Maynes served as a member of the panel until his nomination by the President as the
Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of International Organization Affairs. He did
not participate in the drafting of the final report.
Page 3
*JAMES L. GREENFIELD
Associate Managing Editor, New York Times
Formerly, Assistant Secretary of State
for Public Affairs
HUBERT H. HUMPHREY
US Senator
CHARLES W. MAYNES
Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of
International Organization Affairs
Formerly, Secretary and Director,
International Organization Program,
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace
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