DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECTION FINDERS AT MGB UNIT 568 K IN KUCHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A007200860003-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 18, 2008
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: August 10, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
COUNTRY USSR (Macaw Oblast)
SUBJECT Development of Direction Finders
at MGB Unit 568 K in Kuchino
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REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
10 August 1955
35
1. The institute at Kuchino (N 55-45, E 37-58) was officially named Military
Unit 568 K, and had the function of developing g~ud building direction
finders and other equipment for rad io ooatral. It was placed under Military,
Unit 568 of the (B in Moscow on MsJ.a ra Lu??yvnka ulitea, which controlled
radio communications. The institute in Kuc ino W M located on the eastern
shore of the Pekhorka River. It consisted pf b o groups of buildings which
were situated on both sides of the railroad line to Gorkiy? A third
building was erected in 1950 - 1951, beoauoe of the lack of space in Area I
and Area II, and because of the wish to est,-blteh a production program
independent of the plant in Balashikha (i 55049..X 37-57). In April 1952,
engineers and mechanics were already workir in Are* III, even though it
was not yet completed. The people of the vill. tge called Area II the radio
t
d
a
tation. There vas no increase in perSOE el V03-Le the Germans worke
the institute.
2. According to Colonel Paramonov (fnu), Military Unit 568 existed during the
-war, supposedly in Kuchino. Near Areas I isn 27, there were the remains of
old aerial installations. An old undergrounA cable mu. three kilometers
north from Area I to a former short wave dipole installation, apparently
destroyed by bombs. Immediately adjacent to Area IT, there were the
concrete foundations and ground aerials of old antenna towers; the building
still showed the insulators for antenna lead-ins.
3. Big and important jobs which required spect*3 unusually large machines
were performed by a factory in Balashikha. ThE,Oerman engineers at the
(Heft, Washington Distribution Indicated By "X"; Field Distribution by "#".)
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institute knew of no other institute which worked with Military Unit 568;
in fact, they were under the impression that the institute wished to conceal
their activities. No visitors were allowed in Area II. It was difficult to
obtain modern components, such as crystal diodes, although even the Germans
knew that they were made by Dr. Schloemilch in Fryazino. When the proposal
was made to Colonel Paramonov to obtain the urgently needed detectors from
that factory in Pryazino, he had great misgivings as to how he could justify
his knowledge that the factory produces the detectors, the more so since
the Fryazino factory was also not to be informed about the production of
the Kuchino institute.
4. Krug Direction Finder
The main job of the German engineers employed in Area II until summer 1950
was the construction of a giant direction finder. The project was known
under the Soviet designation Krug, that is, circle. The purpose of the
equipment was the direction-finding of stations in the 2 - 20 megacycle
range. The antenna installation could also be used for the audio direction
finding method, known as Wullenwrever, as well as for the visual direction
finding method known as Brommy. For both methods., various c
sutra-and difference c i compensators., The computers.,
antenna could also
for the radiation furnished.
of beams. knew that the
be
5. On orders of the Army, an installation of the Krug type was erected in
Germany by the Telefunken firm during the war; it operated only in sectors
in the directions of knglsnd and Denmark. When Soviet Colonel.Blinderman was
informed of this:-, ibttalfttion''..af`ter. the ; -~::;Jaa.,sum ad;; yeretl?of the, designers
and ordered the Oberspreewerk (08W), Berlin, to design and develop a similar
apparatus. Dr. Karl Steimel, director of the OSW at that time, entrusted
Dr. Paul Kotowski with the designing of the direction finder; under him worked
Dr. Erich Rheinhold Paul Schuettloeffel on the development of the antenna.
His testing ground was the old antenna testing ground near the Beelitz radio
station. In October 1946, the design of the direction finder was completed;
some parts and apparatus were already built or were under construction.
Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Khazin supervised the work.
6. On 22 October 1946, the whole staff was brought to Moscow. From there,
Dr. Kotawski, Dr. Schuettloeffel, and Mr.a
grad; the engineers Mr. Fegert (fnu), Mr. Hubert t PreRehbock issner,~Mr.sOertel (fnu),
and Mr. Riedel (fhu); and the designers Mr. Oertel (not engineer Oertel),
Mr. Krueger (fnu), and possibly two or three more, were transferred to Gorkiy.
The head of the laboratory, Mr. Braendle (fhu), a Swiss, was not transferred.
On 31 December 1946, Dr. Schuettloeffel, Rehbock, and Preissner were ordered
to join Military Unit 568 in Moscow. They arrived at Planernaya near Khimki
and were billeted in Novogorsk, a simmer resort with 104 quarters (dacha) for
ministers and other high officials. There the three Germans had to write
various reports about the Krug direction finder. On 5 May 1947, they were
transferred to Kuchino.
7. In August 1947, the chief engineer of the institute at Kuchino, Vasilev
(fhu) called a meeting to discuss the Krug direction finder, at which the
three above-named German engineers and 12-15 Soviet engineers or officers
in civilian clothes participated. Lieutenant Colonel Khazin spoke about
the erection of a giant direction finder, as ordered by Colonel Blinderman.
All data supplied by the Germans as well as their own reports were available.
The purpose was to make sure that there would be no mistakes in the design,
as the size of the installation demanded much time and money. After a
discussion, it was resolved to build the installation according to the original
designs of the OSW. A Soviet engineer, who appeared to have a good knowledge
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in building antennas, proposed to erect an antenna known as the Faltdipole
antenna instead of a cage antenna (Reusenantenna). The proposal was rejected;
likewise a proposal made by Colonel Paramonov, who suggested the erection of
several small direction finders in place of a large one. The Germans did not
participate in the discussion. At the first meeting, the German engineers
were told to make a detailed report about the number of engineers, technicians,
mechanics, and laborers needed and time required. They asked for approximately
100 men for a period of three months. Their report was based on the OSW/Berlin
plan, according to which the installation was to be completed in three months
with 30 men employed. The Germans, however, were allowed only three Soviet
technicians.
8. The installation consisted of 1e0 antennas, equally distributed around a circle
with a 60 meter radius. On a concentric circle with a 55.5 meter radius, a
reflector, consisting of numerous vertical single wires, was erected. In order
to operate the wide frequency range, wide band antennas were built as vertical
cage antennas, ending at the bottom in a point. The base resistance of the
individual antennas amounted to approximately 70 ohms. According to earlier
calculations by Telefunken, the antennas were to have a counterpoise for the
widening of the band width which would act as a capacitance and. which was to
be connected through a resistance to the center of the grid. Dr. ScUNCODEDffet
had started tests in Beelitz in 1946, to determine the most favorable size of
this counterpoise capacitance, but the results of his measurements were not
yet known when he was deported to the USSR. He, therefore, applied for a
testing area in which he could continue his tests, but this request was denied
because of the lack of time and space.
9. The antennas were built and tested by Soviet engineers without consulting the
German engineers, but on the basis of the German data. The Germans did not
see the antennas before they were erected. When an antenna measuring
apparatus was sent from 08W to Kuchino, the Soviet officers refused to accept
it, because they said the accuracy of measurement was poor. The apparatus
operated according to the substitution method. The Soviet engineers, however,
to the surprise of the Germans, used a 30 meter-long test line, which con-
sisted of a 30 meter-long boardwalk, covered with sheet iron, over which a
measuring wire was stretched at such a distance that a surge impedance of
70 ohms resulted. The Soviet engineers, then, proceeded along the test line
with a portable tube voltmeter to find the maximum and minimum voltages.
Thus, they demonstrated how they were able to help themselves, even though
the method was unusual. The antenna reflector was connected with a ground
network, which reached the center of the installation and was electrically
connected with the ground water. Forty coaxial cables connected the bases
of the forty antennas with the centrally located broadcasting station.
10. The compensator combined twelve antennas bearing toward the transmitter into
two groups; they were used to determine the direction of the transmitter. The
compensator compensated for the difference of the transit times caused by the
circular arrangement of the antennas in special transit time circuits. The
transit time circuits were designed in such a way that the transit times were
compensated when the waves came in at a 30 degree vertical angle of incidence.
11. The audio direction finding compensator had already been constructed in ON,
designed after a Telefunken model. Fifty percent of the parts were completed
and sent to Kuchino. There, the compensator was constructed in Area I
according to the data and designs of the German engineers. The rotor was
continuously variable from 0 - 360 degrees. It was repolished in Balashikha,
then electrically examined and balanced by Preissner, and subsequently taken
away by a truck. A sum and difference computer was of a primitive mechanical.
design, but electrically usable for the wave band of 3 to 10 megacycles and
was shipped from OSW to Kuchino. Preissner expanded the range from 2 to 20
megacycles and mechanically redesigned the sum and difference computer.
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12. The rotor of the compensator for visual direction finding was a switch, which
could be switched in steps of nine degrees. This compensator was also
designed in OSK, but only a few mechanical parts were completed. The con-
struction was examined by the Soviet engineers and altered with the coopera-
tion of the German engineers. The production was the same as the one of the
audio direction finding compensator. An electrical breadboard layout of the
sum and difference computer for visual direction finding was built in ON
before the Germ engineers were xwwv~e& to the USSR and was shipped to them
afterwards. This apparatus apparently was intentionally misconstructed;
Preissner, then constructed five usable ones.
13. For audio direction finding, two captured receivers of the loeln type were
used in laboratory tests; later, the Soviet engineers procured another com-
mercial short-wave receiver which was larger in size and had less sensitiri
and image suppression than the JCoeln type.
Receivers for audio direction finding were no
developed in no. or a visual receiver, a two-channel receiver was
needed and the procurownt of a Watson Watt receiver was discussed. Both
channels would have to show the seams amplifying factor and the ssmde transit
time. At the output of the receiver was a Braun tube, the deflection plates
of which were connected to both channels. If the received signal does not
come in precisely from the front, but obliquely, the difference of phase of
both signals causes a rotation of the line on the screen, which shows the
bearing. If the angle is larger than 4.5 degrees, the compensator is switched
up nine degrees.
14. Engineer Rehbock continued the research begun in Ofil on the individual parts
of the receiver in summer 1947. Later on, Xhazin took over the technical
testing research of these parts and transferred the tests to his own laboratory
in Area I. He also ordered the removal of the Soviet engineer employed by
Rehbock, to his laboratory. Rehbock, therefore, had only to work out analytical
tests and supervise Xhazin's doctor's dissertation. X azin came less and less
to Area II and finally stayed away altogether. The German engineers knew
nothing about the completion of the visual direction finding receiver. Braun
tubes with luminous screens were proposed for far direction finding of short-
time impulses.
15. In July and August 1947, Dr. Schuettloeffel and engineer Preissner were
ordered to inspect with Colonel Blindernm and Lieutenant Colonel Ehazin,a
site proposed by Military Unit 568. The site was located approximately 15
kilometers north .of Moscow. Dr. Schuettloeffel rejected the site, because the
ground was not level and was covered with trees which could not be removed.
A few weeks later, the German engineers were ordered to inspect a site
approximately 33 kilometers east of Moscow near the Moscow-Gorkiy railroad
track. Dr. Schuettloeffel found this site more satisfactory, but he expressed
some doubts, because of the short distance to the track. However, before
Military Unit 568 had made a decision, the Air Force had seized the place..
Rhazin said.
16. Subsequently, a third area, approximately 25 kilometers north of Moscow, was
inspected and found satisfactory. On the way, the engineers came to a road
guarded by military sentries. When they turned into another road leading
north, their car and their papers were again examined. Fifteen minutes after
they had proceeded once more, they reached a forest, closed in by a board
fence which they had to by-pass on the east side. After another 20 minute
drive, they reached an open field which was the site to be inspected. When
the interpreter was asked about the purpose of the military guards, the
engineers were told that this was the summer residence of Stalin. Two weeks
later, the two German engineers and a Soviet engineer returned to measure the
earth conductivity, the slope of the ground, and the distance to the nearest
trees. The German engineers were convinced that the antenna was installed on
that site.
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17. In summer 1951, Preissner, 'while taking a walk, accidentally discovered a complete
giant direction-finding installation approximately three kilometers southeast of
Area U. This installation had never been mentioned by the Soviets. From a
distance of 100 meters behind a fence, Preissner could see the cage antenna the
reflector, and a small house with a pointed roof, 8 x 6 meters in sire and ~ meters
high. A newly filled up cable trench led from the installation to a little stone
house, about 300 meters may., and f~rvm there to a transformer station located
near Area II. A piece of a cable found near the cable trench had a diameter of
about three centimeters, including the armor. It was a law tension, alternating
current cable without a ground conductor; the wire pup was five *illimeters.
The transformer station had a special 115 kilovolt tramsformer for the direction
finder, which made the power supply station independent of the power supply from
the town. The German engineers recalled that a bus with engineers from Area I had
passed Area II several times heading for the transformer station. One day Dr.
Schuettloeffel said to Colonel PIrownov, the head of Area Its "Colonel, we have
wafted on the installation for several years, but we do not know that it works
satisfactorily". To which Parumonov answereds "Yes, the installation works;
however, we have only exact test readings from the Far last". To another question:
"How about direction errors of American stations at different seasons?", Paramonov
said: "There seem to be small direction errors in different seasons, but I have
no exact information".
Portable Direction Yiz:ders
18. After the German engineers had completed their work on the Xrug direction finder,
they repeatedly asked, Colonel Zhelesov for repatriation. When Zhelesov finally
called on them, he did not mention their release, but declared that he had a
new and interesting assig m ant for them. They were asked to look for unknown
radio cosammications in the wave range between three centimeters and 500 centi-
meters within cities. The Germans declared imwediately that, because of the
quasi-optical behavior of these waves, it would be almost impossible to
accomplish an exact direction finding, since buildings hinder transmission and
direction finding errors would result through reflection. Zbelesov answered
that he knew this, but that this was just what be wished the Germans to think
over and come up',with,adequate suggi stiens~ 4 he,,returu~ed a. few days later,
the German engineers reported that the aforementioned difficulties could be
greatly eliminated through the application of as any portable direction finders
as it is possible to use. After the determination of the appro imate position,
the exact position can then be determinated by these portable direction finders.
No mention was made about installing these apparatus in vehicles, nor were there
any corresponding tests or installations performed. The German engineers were
never consulted about audio receiving sets, receiving systems for the one centi-
meter wave range, .or about the longest wave direction finding.
19. Following this meeting, Colonel Paramonov was directed to discuss with the
German engineers the details concerning the construction of the necessary
apparatus. The apparatus were then marked by the Soviets as follows:
Tpe
Wa
DIZI2-1C
3cm-9cm
DIMI2-1D
9cm-50 cm
PAID 1
50 cm - 100 as
ACID 2
100 cm - 200 an
P14D 3
200 cm - 500 can
These designations were also engraved on the front data plates. The antennas
of all five apparatus were developed by Dr. Schuettloeffel and the receivers
for the DIZI 2 - 1 C and DFZI 2 - 1 D by Preissner. The receivers for P1(D 1
to PHD 3 had not been completed when the Germsan engineers left in April 1952,
since the Soviets had constructed those receivers designed by Rehbock in such
a way that they were unusable.
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20. Colonel Paramanov also charged Pre issuer with the supervision of the con-
struction of the DZZI 2 apparatus. For that p~c~-pose, a supervising con-
structor and two assistant constructors were assigned to him. These cone
structors were employed only for the construction of certain parts and they
had no knowledge of the construction of the satire appatratus; they also had
only little experience in precise mechanical work, 1444 gitbriiatfaj gsiir racks directly
from plait of gear-vheel transmissions. A workshop furnished with two lathes
and two drilling machinesr as well as five mechanics was provided for them.
The parabolic reflectors were srmutlactursd is )alash"cna. A large one meter
radius reflector was made by a foreign plait, astp~e the salver coating of
several individual parts. The UVI 2 - 1 C and UrII 2 - 1 D were constructed
to be used as laboratory standards and as acceytence standards; the designs
for their reproduction were an hand, In October 1951, a list of materials
required for the production of ten to twenty apparatus was prepared, but the
German engineers never learned whether the materials were actually delivered
or not.
21. In October and Iotnemober 1951, two or three Soviet engineers of Military Unit
568 took over the two DIRSI apparatus, For that purpose, a one meter radius
parabolic reflector was moounted an a roof an Ares II; the transmitter stood
inside the building. The Soviet engineers ' tested the direction finding
accuracy from a one kilometer and two kilometers distnace; they also made
tests from the woods, They declared that the sensitivity of the apparatus
was too low and demanded to knots w y no beterodyne receivers were built, to
which the Germans answered that they had no order to do no. In about mid-
1951, Soviet interest in portable direction fin ors declined, because they
became more interested in relay stations.
Description of that M&A .. 1 C sad - 11
22. The receivers of the hl)'LT apparatus are sdjuated for the reception of un-
modulated, amplitude dated, frequency modulated, and keyed transmitters.
A vibrator with approximately 350 cycles prdvid d, after rectification, for
the reception of uzaandulscted and frequency modulated carriers. Amplitude
modulated transmitters can by heard through headphones. A 1.2 to 1.8 milli-
volt input voltage is necessary for the full, goals reading of the indicator
instruments. The threewstegs loxeregwency amplifier had a transformer
input and supplied an amplification of appJnmcimitely 10000. The emplifier
was built as a rack-mounted equipment end, therefore, could be used for both
apparatus. It was equipped with miniature tubes and in the output stage with
two commercial battery tubes. A 1.5 volt dry?cell battery and a 120 volt
anode battery operated continuously from six to eight hours. The reception
of vertically as well as horizontally polarized waves vas accomplished by
rotating the electromagnetic horn aadthe dipole heads. The =1 2 - 1 D
apparatus had two interchangeable dipole heals fOr the 9 to 20 1p to 25 centimeter
wave ranges. The receiver of this apparatus weighed 16 to 20 kilograms, and
the stand, including the parabolic reflector, apps- imately 40 kilograms For
shipping, the apparatus could be taken apart and packed in a protective cover-
ing of brown, watertight canvas. It was also planmded to ceouflags the
reflector while it was in operation with a nont?transpsrent synthetic sheet;
such a covering, however, 'test not obtainable.
Description of the N 1, 2
23. The receivers of the direction finders PlO 1, 2, and. 3 were set up for amplitude
and frequency modulation. The sensitivity of the FIID 3 receiver was several
microvolts; the other two receivers had not yet been tested. The reception
could be heard by oenas of radio or telephone lines; the field intensity was
registered by an instrument. A six.-volt storage battery and a 300 volt anode
battery supplied the power, and supposedly weighed approximately 30 kilogram.
The input and oscillator circuits of the apparatus P1* 1 were resonance
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cavities and had an intermediate frequency of apprao~l tely 100 megacycles
after the first heterodyning, and 10.6 megacycles after the second. M 2
had 50 megacycles after the first heterodyning and 10.6 megacycles after the
second. Two dipoles at a 45 degree angle with the horizontal were used as
direction finder antennas, with a spacing of 0.60 meter, one meter, and
approximately two meters for all three apparatus. The antenna system, could
be used in either of two vat's s maxima= or minima readings. The antenna for the
NO 1 was provided with a reflector screen which was behind the dipoles. The
identification of signals fi the side was srde possible with the other two
apparatus by a lengthening of the conducting cable to om of the dipoles. To
camouflage the installation daring the operation period, as requested, it was
planned to install the antenna for the $0 1 in a large plywood box of
approximately 100 x 60 x 35 csntiassters. po practical solution, hoverer, for
camouflaging the other apparatus could be fauns.
Mg MISI&M
2h. Iron the beginning of 1950 until the end of 1951, the German engineers worked
an the development of three very high frequency radio stations and they named
them relay station 1], 2, and 3. The Soviet designation losmat was given to
relay station Ia. 1. The Gsrman engineers aid not build smell transmitters
without receiver aerials.
Relay ataOOLS loo. 1
25. =arly in 1950, Colonel Psrasmonov ordered Dr. Aahusttloeffel to design a wide.
band dipole antenna which could be sewed into the clothes of a person. At
first no reason was given to him, but after repeated inquiries he received a
small two- W radio set,which vu similar to a cartridge pouch and could be
fastened to a belt. Is vY also cautioned not to mention this development
even to his German colleajgves; later, >arer, they too worked on the project.
This dipole antenna, developed by Dr. 8ahuettloefflel, was designed as a double
Y antenna, in order to attain the necessary band width. The upper parts of
the Y reached from the back of the belt to the shoulders, the lender parts of
the V reached into the pants. Prsissner had. also developed a small three-coil
transformer. At first, the Soviets had used only a single dipole without a
three-coil transformer. The new construction of the antenna increased the
range radius of the station. The Soviets called the prototype of this apparatus
garnet I, a later model with higher power, met B. The Germans were left in
ignorance about Soviet production and further designs.
26. The Kmat apparatus could be tuned into a stables frequency between 87 and 103
megacycles. The transmitter vas quartz-stabilised; that is, an eight megacycle
quartz crystal vas excited with the third harmonic, and this frequency was
doubled in two stages so that a final frequency of approximately 96 cycles
resulted. The output trams'iision of the Xammt I was approximately 40 mdllt.
watts, and of the iamet B, approximately 130 mi.lliwatte. The receiver had an
aperiodic first stage, a superregenerative rectifier, and two lore-frequency
stages. The receiving tubes were miniature tubes which had an approximate
eight millimeter radius and a 35 millimeter length, but were without a base.
The transmitting tubes of the grommet B were miniature tubes with an 18 millimeter
radius and a 55 millimeter length, but with a base. The microphone, having an
approximate 22 millimeter radius, could be fastened to the coat; the earphones,
made as flat-type crystal receivers, could be worn under the coat, on the
shoulder near the ear. The apparatus, built to fit the body, was 150 milli-
meters wide, 70 millimeters high, and 35 millimeters deep. Connected to it and
attached to the belt were, to the right, an anode battery, and to the left a
storage battery. Both batteries were 70 millimeters wide. All parts were
covered with an uniformly colored cauvse The sewed-in antenna could be con-
nected with the transmitter by news of a double.pole plug.
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Relay station lo. 227. While Dr. Schuettloeffel wee engaged in the development of a dipole antenna
for the Koaet, engineer Rehbock received an order front an engineer of Area I
to develop a portable transceiver. It appeared that this apparatus had
already been worked on in Area I. Rehbock received such concrete data, that,
after a few calculations, be could begin with the development and construction
of the portable not. While working on it, he vas told that his set should be
able to receive the signal of the Komet and should transmit it amplified to an
adjacent frequency. The order was urgent. The receiver vas a superregenerative
receiver and was more sensitive than the one of the Komet; its frequency range
was 87 - 103 megacycles. The output power of the transmitter was approximately
three watts; the distance between the transmdtting and receiving frequency vas
6.5 megacycles. Since the receiver and the transmitter were to operate on the
same antenna, it vas necessary to develop a transceiver filter. The power
egeipment, a six volt storage battery and a 300 volt anode battery, together
with the apparatus was placed in an ordinary suitcase covered with a canvas.
It was 60 x 45 x20 centimeters in use. The transmitter automatically out
in when a receiving signal enema in which made special handling unnecessary.
Depending on the demands, the apparatus could operate continuously for
approximately three hours. It vas originally intended to use a built in box-
antenna which was designed by Dr. Schuettlosffel. But because of its in.
sufficient radiation property, a telescopic antenna was used later. It was
also possible to connect it with a car antenna.
Relay Station No. 3
28. While Rehboek was still working on relay station No. 2, he received a new
order to build relay station No. 3. This station vex to have a supersensitive
receiver and a powerful transmitter and was to be supplied by the power network.
The frequency range vu to be the same as that of the two other relay stations.
The heterodyne receiver operated with an intermediate frequency of 10.6 mega-
cycles and with frequency modulation. The input sensitivity was not tested.
The transmitting power amounted to approximately ten watts. It was also possible
to connect the station to a public circuit. A vertical half-wave dipole served
as an antenna, its lower patt was built as a seal connection to the dipole.
29. In November and December 1951, the Soviets tested the relay stations. Relay
Station No. 1 was placed in Area I. A truck with relay station No. 2 circled
around outside of Area II, in which the antenna of relay station No. 2 was
mounted on its main building. The tests supposedly showed that ranges of five
and ten kilometers were achieved.
Miscellaneous
30. According to Captain Cherkasow, one building in Area II was used as a prison.
The German engineers repeatedly noticed that a truck, similar to a German police
truck, would stop in front of that building. In summer 1951, packages marked
Military Unit 533 or 522 were unloaded from such a truck. During summer 1950
or 1951, the German engineers heard the sound of German records coming from the
building. When soon after, Cherkasov asked then if they knew a Dr. Splechtna
they guessed that their colleague was put into this building. The Germans were
of the opinion that those prisoners whom they never saw, were sent to different
working places every day. Splechtna, who was set free at the beginning of
1953/195, confirmed their opinion. Re also told then that the head of the
Military Unit, known by the nicknaame 'The Iron One", was dismissed and was
reduced from his rank of major general. Splechtna saw him working as a laborer
in the Marfino concentration camp. Re said that the general was not kept as
a prisoner, he could live outside the coup, but his work was very hard and
humiliating. Other inmates of the camp,, for instance., would call to him:
"Comrade Major General, fetch me the battery". After the fall of Beriya,
several of the other Soviets, such as Dobrosyanskiy and Ihazin, were arrested.
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Not only were the Germans forbidden to enter Area I, but also most of the
Soviets from Area II. Kacherin and ICazarinov had special identification
cards to enter Area I. The German engineem were kept very much to them-
selves, even within Area II. After they arrived in Xuchino on 5 )by 1947,
they were allowed to begin to work only after their working places in the
main building were so arranged that they could have no insight into the
working places of the Soviets; they started to work on 1 July 1947. From
spring until fall 1948, they worked in two rooms in their own quarters; from
fall 1948 until spring 1950, they worked in a plywood shelter; and sub-
sequently until their departure, in a house that was completely separated
from all other buildings by a board fence.
32. The Soviet officers, as their chiefs, were reserved and carried on no
private conversations. The opinion of the German engineers 1with respect to their
professional kmo 'ledge, iris almost41vI's accepted, but they werenever praised.
Only Colonel Paremnov would speak with them about private matters after he
had discussed technical problems with them. The people of the town, in so
far as they did not belong to the Military Unit, sought to contact the
Germans, but they were not allowed to enter the German quarters. The German
engineers, however, accepted invitations to the Soviet bows., but without
the knowledge of the camp authorities. When the Soviet people found out
that the Germs had been forced to cams to Ihichino, they becems more con-
fident and showed their symgethy openly. During the visit of a Soviet
driver from a macaroni factory, he abed a German engineer to repair his
broadcast receiver, especially the short-waave parts. When the German told
him that he too had difficulties in getting a static-free short-wave recep-
tion, the driver told him to listen at 0300 hours on short-wave when the
British radio could be heard relatively well and static-free in the Russian
language
33. $ Military Unit 568)Xoscow, Malaya Lasby ka.
Chiefs Colonel Ilinderman
me Military unit 568 L in Luchino.
Chief: Colonel Zhelesov
Scientific advisers: Professor Cherdansev and Chief Engineer Vasilev
Area 1. Chief: Unknown
Colonel Birgelson
Lieutenant Colonel Khazin
Lieutenant Colonel Dobroshanskiy and 150 engineers, technicians,
laboratory workers., switch mechanics, turners, fireman, coil
Area II. Chief: Colonel Paramonov
German engineersi Dr. Schuettloeffel
Engineer Rehbock
Engineer Preissner
Soviet engineers: Captain Laeherin
Captain Cherkasov
Or. Lieutenant Kazhin
Engineer Chaskov
Technician Ida Tekovina
Technician Anna (family name unknown) and
on the average 20 employees, among them
approximately two engineers, five turners,
five switch mechanics, one fireman, two coil
xi* rw, tuo seamstresses, two drivers, two
c>;iA='typia, and two charwomen.
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Legend to Location Sketch of Military Unit 568
1. Moscow-Gorkiy railroad line, electrified as far as Zheleznodorozhnyy.
Suburban service every twenty minutes. A third track runs from Moscow
to Zheleznodorozhnyy.
2. Former FW C=ap No. 7804.
3. Kuchino village and station; approximately 2,000 inhabitants.
4. Small lake, part of the Pekhorka River.
5. Technological institute for hydraulic engineering, located in a former
castle.
6. Area I of Military Unit 568 K.
7. Part of the village of Voyennyy Gorodok; belongs to Kuchino.
8. GUAS, a xsilroad settlement; part of Zheleznodorozhnyy,
9. Zheleznodorozhnyy village and station; approximately 5,000 inhabitants.
10. Railroad repair building; 120 x 20 x 8 meters.
11. Plant for muzzle-safe (muendungssichere) fuses for shells and bombs,
which become armed only after discharge or dropping.
12. Airport, for small airplanes only.
13. Ceramic works; large building with furnaces for burning tiles and flag-
stones to be used for manufacturing cement blocs.
14. Area III of Military Unit 568 K; completed in 1951. Laboratories and
workshops.
15. Summer homes for six officers' families.
16. Open-air transformer plant, 3000/220 volt, 150 kilowatt capacity, erected
on wooden masts, supplying objects 14, 15, 18, and 21 on sketch. A-six
kilovolt line leads west to the open-air transformer Saltikovka near the
Moscow-Gork:iy railroad line.
17. Orchard, containing 500 to 700. trees.
18. Area II of Military Unit 568 K; approximately three kilometers away from
Area I.
19. Church, white stone building, 30 x 15 x 15 meters, visible from afar.
20. Three-phase-current cable.
21. Giant Krug direction finder.
22. Brick kiln with two to three kilns, tracks, and three ponds.
23. Fenino village; approximately 1,000 inhabitants.
24. Church, white stone building, 25 x 12 x 12 meters, hidden by trees.
25. Kolkhoz, six to eight buildings.
26. Pekhorka River, three meters wide, 20 centimeters deep, slow flowing.
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27. Road to Lyubertsy, three meters wide, in medium good condition.
28. Sewage farms; sewage-treatment plant for Moscow.
29. Quarters for employees of Area II and III and for the NIB guard detail.
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Location Sketch of )GB Uni,tI1~ Ir 568 K
rrr?r
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1
4-
A.
1
4.
1
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+0 Gorrny--
/i////~//~/
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18,-scab: J? 1zsoo
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L f~,OPf AI
1. Area I is located now an old castle which dates from the time of the
Sara.. The building measures approximately 100 x 100 meters and is
fenced in by a three meter-high Mall with Katchtawers every 10 to 15
meters. The whole ammunling and the was itself is overgrown with
Two buildings overtop the Mall..
2. Technological institute for hydraulic engineering, located in the old
castle which lies on the slops of a hill.
3. A settlement.
4. Test plants of the tec 1ogieal institute.
S. Pond.
6. Mad to Area II.
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Scale: 1:2,000
,,,
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TawA to Bksich of AMR
1. Area n
a. Two'story main building, 40 x 30 x 9 meters, with a gable roof covered
with sheet metal. The ground floor contained the turning section with
three turning lathes and four to five drilling machines operated by
two lathe operators; the workshop for approximately ten mechanics, with
a cross winding machine (Kreurwickelmaschine) occupying about five to
six mechanics; the welding shop with autogencus welding equipment; and
the carpenter shop with a carpenter's bench. The upper floor contained
the offices of Colonel rarsamonov; a heavily bolted roam for records and
drawings, into which only one person could enter; a large laboratory,
in which about five engineers and technicians worked and which was
furnished only with side tables; a leboratory, converted into a work
roan for the Gsraaa engineers; and a laboratory, converted into a
storage roan. In these three room, the apparatus for the g direction
finder were developed, measured, balanced, and tested until spring 1950.
The apparatus were constructed in the basiasut workshop. In another
small room,individual parts sad materials from Oberspreewerk were stored,
b. One-story stone building, 20 x 15 x 5 rosters, gable roof covered with
sheet metal. One roam served as a laboratory, the other room as a
workshop. The latter was very primitive; it was equipped for two
mechanics and contained a lathe and a drill,
a. One-story stone building, 20 x 19 x 6 meters. Unoccupied.
d. One-story stone building with two or three garages and a boiler
installation for heating and hot water supply.
e. A one-story stone warehouse with a gable roof covered with sheet metal.
The house is plastered sad painted white. Size: 35 x 10 x 6 asters,
including the roof. The warehouse contained tubes solid materials
(Yollamterial), variegated aateriais ()hmtaaterial), aluminum, lvbri-
cents, tools, plywood plates, and winter clothing.
f. One-story stone prison; the building was always looked.
S. Drink watertower,, twenty meters high, 6 asters radius, supplied Area II
and lodgings.
2. Quarters for the guard detail.
a. Quarters of Colonel Paremonov. One-story wooden hour e with four room.
b. utters for one mechanic and a cleaning vow.
c. Quarters of Professor Cherdansev and a bus driver.
d. Quarters for ten NO guards.
3. Stmoor home of Colonel Zhelezov with a fare building.
4. Summer how of Colonel Birgelson and chief engineer Vasile'v (feu).
5. Quarters for a bookkeeper of Military Unit 568 X.
6. Quarters for the German engineers and Soviet carpenter Smirnov, who
worked in Area I.
7-
Finnish-type house,. laboratory of the German engineers from beginning
1948 until 1950.
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8. Quarters of a guard.
9. Open-air transformer plant.
10. 8m-11 farm with stables. A sign indicated that it was s macaroni factory.
11. Itpty shed.
12. Ponds.
13. Orchard, 200 x 120 meters.
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t 8k,tc of Area, II
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C, e
r r -,~ 4e 4e IV
N
VN
IV
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~ I Q
u ~
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10, a N
0 4.)
N
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CS d
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nl r
4e e
Solc,; 1:1,000
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Legend to Sketch of Area III
The construction of Area III was begun in spring 1950. In November 1951, some
members of Colonel Parenionov's group moved into several rooms. In spring 1952,
two busses with fifteen persons each, arrived at Area III; among them were
engineers, turners, mechanics, etc. The area was fenced in by a 2.5 meter-high
wall as soon as construction work began.
1. Large one-story building, 60 x 25 x 6 meters, gable roof covered with sheet
metal, supposedly an administration building.
2. Two one-story buildings, 50 x 20 x 9 maters.
3. One-story stone workshops, flat roof, 40 x 15 x 5 meters.
4. Small building.
5.
Watertower, 15 maters high. Source does not remenber whether it was a
stone building or not. On top of the tower was a circular walk with
railing 1.5 meters wide. This walk vu quite suitable for antenna tests.
6. Under construction.
7. Gate.
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Sketch of Area III
4
Scale: 1:2,000
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Legend to Sketch of the Antenna Installation
1. Forty cage antennas, arranged around a circle with a 60 meter radius.
2. Antenna reflector.
3. Coaxial cable.
4. Broadcasting station.
5. Pence.
6. Sketch of a single cage antenna.
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Laud for Sketch A and I aca following Paine :
A. Audio Direction finder Inst*11& ion
1. Party cage antennas, of which two groups with six antennas each are
used for direction finding at a given tie.
2. Circular arrapgs~eant of the cable heads of the forty cables leading
to the antennas.
3?
Two transit circuits attached to a rotor, to which the antenna current
is transmitted by a capacity coupling. From here the povwr goes over
two slip ring to direction finding receiver.
S m and difference computer, from there to the direction finding
receiver.
1-2. The sans as above under A.
3. Twelve time circuits, 'w'hich are connected with the two grams of six
anter*a each used for direction finding, through a coaxial switch
free from reflection.
do-called "COpilation". A g of six antennas each are Ooanected
together free from reflection.
S. Sum and difference outer, which enables the simultaneous notation
of the am and difference potential.
6. Two channel direction finding receivers.
7. Visual indicator (RMw tube).
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Audio Direction Finding Installation
A
Visual Direction Finding Ise ration 49
0oool0a0~ 11,41
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Legend to Sketch of ,lbrtakig Directs Fi nd*r
1. llectroeaetic horn, rotating 45 degrees, in front of a parabolic
reflector.
2. Tuning.
3. Coaxial cable. Surge impedance of 70 ones.
4. Antenna and detector timing circuit.
5. Amplifier section.
6. Battery section.
7. Rotating scale.
8. Collapsible wooden tripod; 1200 millimters Hodson length.
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scale: 1:10
Portable Direction Finder
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Legend 12 Sketch of MX 2-1 A Direction Finder
1. Interchangeable dipole head in the parabolic reflector,
2. Coaxial cable.
3. Field of traverse, plus or minus 15 degrees.
4. Collapsible Steil tripod.
5. Scale.
6. Slip ring.
7. Coaxial cable.
8. Antenna and detector timing circuit.
9. Amplifier section.
10. Battery section.
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DEZI 2-1 D'Direction Finder
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_
same Althougki theft are :. _.' ve17
is is surprising that there should be such a coincidence in naves,
is lot* t&
'$ ehildrin,
's children and
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s for children,
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