TRIP REPORT OF (Sanitized) 1957

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP63-00314R000200270039-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 1998
• Sequence Number: 39
• Publication Date: November 7, 1957
• Content Type: MF

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MEMORAI DUM FOR: Deputy Director/Intelligence
THROUGH: Aesist.ant Director, Research and Reports
Trip Report o 25X1A9a
to To.onto, Canada,, 2-13 September 1957
I. use of Trip
The undersigned attended the XIth General Assembly of t: e
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) held at Toronto8
Canada, 2-13 September 1957. The purpose of attendance was as follows:
A. To observe Soviet anc Bloc participation in geodetic ant.
gravimetric discussions, particularly with respect to (1) IUGG programs
calling for disclosure pf triangulation and gravimetric accomplishments
and data, and (2) Soviet interest in Free World geodetic and graiimetric
activities.
E. To observe and evaluate Soviet methods of establishing rapport
with Free World geodesists and gravimetrist.s.
C. to observe relationships between Soviet and Bloc delegates in
order to identify personalities and evaluate their importance and
loyalties to discover clues that might be useful in the collection of
intelligence regarding Soviet Bloc pa and information on geodetic
activities.
D. To note from technical discussions developments in j riar.gulatio o,
celestial methods of establishing intercontinental geodetic
determination of the geoid, gr.?avimetry, and electronic distance measurem al..
(Brief euies are given in the Technical Annex.)
E. To obtain infoation on Soviet Polar activities.
II. Introduction
The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics consists of
seven international associations concerned with the major subdivisions
of the complex field of geophi sits. These Associations, in turn,
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25X1A9a
SUBJECT: Trip Report of
Toront o9 C&xra d .n 2-13 Se? :.mazer :L7
facilitate international e opetatio ; Jj-) ;:zcien-tif .e ~ea ems.. ? h on :au_tr..ier ol.
problein through more t:, en' thro do,, exi cc,+raris ions,, ccsmrrs,,t,teC- . , j) f o.'
cony tteesb or tiaFY'tiohe 9? rr rev d ` Yh j. c. w .-e further ',ii di-jcted i ato E ; ud:;
groups or subcom t ttre;:..
Toronto
fechnic;ra ly have no dc3l.e ;at.icr.rhh4atl?s ,.ref any kind. This Fcli4y ?'
also_:' account for the ixn.eaa;ut l pr ?~senee "of an intou.rist rePtesentato' e at
32 as visitors. The i.nal of?f ia:L -Eitrati on based on a Soviet!,
?clas.i fication of the inar?b(,rsni -,: of cii de legation, howe?. E , t.ntil'u,
that it consisted of 140 de) a ;a + s, l 4:.te:st and 2 associa: %c s , To
roasan for these differences i, riot era i:.1.?e],y clear It ? y he
explained in pax?rt, howEevErb by 5 curt I t Soviet policy VhEt per"mitt
1tour~.,AI ' trip ;, at rely ij v~:l y a :,1 cot (7, ,000 rubles) A r
r
sc3ental.sts who at-"end fici.eintif l .. meet..::xgav Such touriast ; would
P. General Assembly :i;s' cony ned e~ter;r 3 years to form.-Ii.ze :?esc arch
projects in prrgrt;ss, nito..ate 4eVl studios., and present .capers )n e ent
de e! cspmentso The X w C txer4 Assem 1y convened in Toronto Garza 3-l4
September 1257 o According to tr rnv.i sed list of national dele bast.
1,186 scientist from more than ; O cour ~,r.es were registered as te +gantesy.
associates, and guests,, re t'~aan l s 0 however, probab. attend
the meeting This was the fz '-.;t Gen `c Assembly in wt t.6 a
delegation paxtic ipatec as a ad ber of the 1U0S. The So?5det UriLo
joined the 7CLIC C after tae tf`,?: eralR !,--ambly, convened Et Rome j4,
to which it sent a de be, atton $ ,r the ~u pose of anoou.nc.; r. 6 the So, i 3 t
Intention to par v:t cipate its thg Intea j rt .onal 0eophysim.. Ysar? T! :.e
annouzaceme.:t , f o lowed shh ot'tly Y the ...dYherence to the IUGO, re
^,re s::xtE c>
an en ripnce D :ma secluv s ota In ; i,elds geodesy and pec,)h,,rEics) :,n
some risk of exposure of doss s .ed fu1 formation might1 on rt r. Tie
Soviet delegation at Toronto w4.. m- -,, 011 the largest in at'xindar'a.Oe,
Canadian sources J: e.ported. tots. o > persons >- 23 as c":elega Nee: and
Soviet Bloc nations that se:ht deiezations included C!;echosl,ova:i~a
(2 delegates), Ger. many (t, }' H .t ,ar?y ($), Poland (9'4, c nd human a (t' )
geodetic astronomy, grevi. try ah d g4 i ial studies), whitb werF_
further subdivided into co visa .oas aij t. study groups. iieiting$ wE e
held from 9:00 to 12 nuoh:. One, 23:0) to 5Ei)0 although trectin.;s c f
Jur activities were cotacE.ni ~a`ed d''.. 1 he ineetLngs of .he interr# t'.ona-.3,
Ascoci,stion of C rces ;1t () taiaause r1' eater aagerne.w and
importance of geodet p .?oblemd to out intelligence functions. '.Ch#
MG meetings were orgarti., . by 3setr,o4 (,triangulation, precise l we3tilin?a
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25X1A9a
S'JBJECT: Trip Repor V, of
Toronto, Canada, 2-13 St pte:nbcr 1957
groups often conflicted, scc ?:Lon me :ti.ngs were so arranged as tc avoid
conflict. Early in the period, it was decided not to develop pe r; onal
contacts with the Russians. This was. based on a preliminary obe 3l:vatio:
of other attempts to estabiirjh contacts with Soviet I3.,o:c del gat ra - in,c su,i .xng
an early determined,; and fxT tless effort by Army Hap over e
representatives to interrogate Dr. Ao A. Izotov, the leading the 6-etica"!,
geodesist in the UCS.%. It trus decided, that the cost u:f exposing
ourselves and our in a .?i?est ' ould npt have been worth t io meage t exult
.that could have been expece;et. at beet. This decision was subsepcntiy
justified by the discovery tl at;: the. Sc diets were under : nstr-uo;? .-)nn; to
conduct extended professicaal d acu .;lions crily through all offic.
interpreter, whose technical incompetence appeared to b deli grad 1
to obstruct communication. Effort ,, therefore, was _Lin i? a'd to tl
observation of the Soviets and the Bloc delegates.
IV. ~Findings
A. Although on?W 5 of the 55 Soviets delegates at--ended th JAG
meetings with any degree of x?e u ar3 t y , the attendant ! n a.u .ed -cp Mt.,
of the leading Sovie :Riga;?e in geodesy and grav etrsy 'iir A. 1.. Buaras vo-'r?p
Director of the Chief i1 dulaiLtration. of Geodesy arad Car`H:.o 'aphyi r.
Izotov, the k.eadi k~ : sf in ?thc UM71 t? iay; Yu. D. Bulu--,t h` , one "'
the leadiag Field d Fiectoree for gravim-9t ?ic surveying; `7,yy. ) edy.askiy,
head of the Geophysical Y nastitute in the Petroleum Mini try; and A..I. i3u Iunov,
his superior. The others in at endanct included B.X. 3ulavadze, a leadi,M
theoretician in the study of the verti,,al gradient of gravity, a i; Yu. do -:'.
Meshcheryakov, a young scientist who has specialized in crustal ;Faov em*nta
and earth tides. On the other hand, I.S. Molodeuskiy, the leading grav .-
metrf st in the USSR ,, ins one of 3 on the original I a
t or delegu? s s w
failed to appear. Of the Polish 9- .an delegation, 5 attend ed tU lAG
meetings. Similarly, the East- Gera-an representative who atte;a Lad ~
IAG meetings comprised mor than hale: of the total dex11 1 da.
2 Czechs were registered aL delegates, and both were stets freque tly ? ?t 14*
IAG meetings, neither registered at the geodesy meetings.
B0 The Soviet d.elega9,ion presented a national report on t.fi__a gay?=s .ica>p
ya g.,,... ~ s
precise levellinge geodetir a ctrpnos a e41~' 1siC: ry, aid .? yl Itid b.'v s, a ?
papered Of the latter, hokaever9' only 2 were disseminated in f . text;
the remainder were disseminat-e,d in brief abstract form only. ooze of the
papers gave any information that was significant to our inteliigt=nce
problems. The national report., did;urovide a selected bibliography of
principal geodetic literature, including titles of sources not niA
held in the US. These will b checked out in detail, =d reciuea':,s for
them will be initiated through "front" scientists.
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,- se
25X1A9a
SU ""T., Trio Hapor' aZ
orontof, C;?inf'xd:;, 2='l31 Seqpt ;niber 1Q,57
The request5 r. ill :yn o. t r , .e refercacc s to the spirit JLnt,~.-rn
cooaer-atiora ap; iacrti,rr It s U.:,. axc tiv:.~a.,eas of the Iil^ x,.
0. Al c; lough h- 3os t(t delegates attending the T. 'Ii;
on a geared friendly an-13-1. v ae~ asioa ll.y seen tP.11,A na ; ('a zac~n x a cop
Lj :
afire as no F,enuitie T'a Li.'i Aa.e+a .wu ~UACy*Ot with of t3':'. 5 't.^Les an,C:d
the C tech (k?rOZ) 0 ''. h: 3o- 4!'t t el !ery?:t :oYay
o t freely t7.n.- n non-s3s.o ,i(-n ilex e Tn $sA rirrg in his 3 ,cmu Germ =.n and
e vein nore F. au.pxeedad in conveying in earnest oe I;i..r:
to ccoperate and a..3r'?',-;1U:r :isvc ).do . cc, lttmente to uupp:L,Y classif c_r date:
and def:iiled accriu et : of 5 Wien. cicMvi.ti.eso His suoce3"i in avoi "in
cvan ca:g t neraf,. ra , s i t i .~ a r or, tt : general igr.oranc:3 of Free Jcrl
drol ,d~?:at es cca , ;?,:s~..Litt> E~ ~v_.F`: cJetlc a-'id grav iietri~ C .i 4;, and
achieverri+ents,, In on-, a`';e t Iii as su Ce';3s i ar' achieved 'Oz. 3ui nzh .. t
the cost. of ;i li_~~..,. a e? s f.i.l r,:.f? icat3.or;, xh i.c h passed uinra3 .ogni2ed v the
ap p ; _ "'PC 1.134) e i.egatee . 'fine 5 c iiet sr.C:c 5s i n . evading A i ob, i - . , c. of
+_CtY'lcJ. coo an'--tiori, h.c iev'e r,., ?4a a by no meana cC' a0'D'eL-a, T
iP _'.,t1e dzpi t that m:xn,r le)-gates ro.:ogni~;ed tite obvious refs + to
pro v vide _1n:L _a,
on de-C'aiis of a Soy?i, t 1,03"6 uct;,ci de "e 7-minat ion, and o:.i the uxto t: ani
loc , J,;?_on of ` ovie t K;,Tb ria7 i.;; :,:x av:.tyr 3 .ax : ey"':'?
S),: i'~1t'; mos (7 S;r i tx.i e`to' 1.E'u: trvou .exace became evi itgit r die " i.on
n C- ion tne? 'C't71.t;' in(` on Trianuu.r_a,ion,, On sever i1 c:(" ca 53 o . ': .s
3c ~ , rcar.e;r 3c i,. "caz'd ~, lf:, :aoi ? t. ;city hu . tactfully caliexli for :i.nf r ,:r-V _ >;:
on .wi_et triian?,uix t-Lo .i data rer the d'- torra _naticn of the Ueold y
act .r:-o ?t Bode i r mean n to r. ,ox c &~,e h.: vast area of the USSR,'
Krewl:F_n. s,
Consequently the dis& uosior; ue etingo were deprived of the tip aef: t of
the unique Soviet expe 'ic-neeo >~4thoat this,, no s.igXi.if cant disa' sc .on
cou?.Ld develop because no other, ctriunt:Yy has had so much er. q er+i ;nce :ti'ith
the projection metho(h 1':iiiiktrly, the Soviets did not volunteer any
discussion on triangulation0 When a question on Soviet tr angi l; Lion
was raised,, the Soviets ?equeeste 1 det'er.ment of an answer to a la l e_t?
dater The response given 3 days later, hoLaev'er, comp.h:tely evroiued
the original glue ,ti.on and, instead, developed into a cr:'iitical a.n<
of the European adjuutirae it,, With this c ver,ionax;y maneuver the
Sov:Lets again avoided disclosing glass..fied information. At the same.
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STJ9J1:CT: Trip Report of
25X1A9a
Toronto, Cana as 213 September 1,057
fi i::ne9 the gratuitous cr. it cism ;.>f es' era datum unification c do^r&
s n')ther stroke in the Soviet p Ac; of, demonstrating their
krto l dti ne. bi i:l .
in geodes;: and possibl;r he ped iay the . ^ouridwork for ev~xatuall,',,
biking; the Soviet Datum agbear as a 3upe:.?ior scientific aecoirp) slu tent,;
This pc rformance, however, h d somme inte:L ioence valaw, b !t',cz.uL-e Lhe
detailed criticism di;:closed alt intimate knowled; e of La:?'cpean
triangulation, which could] only have came, from a compari,:>cn of? =,he
results of the European Datum I juetm6t and the Soviet r corpo^at o.'t
of the Potsdam system :into; the :3ovifet DaL:umo
E. In the sooct ion on Preo . se ev i. ,atr~g, two papers were prey .n ed
for the Soviets by the C7..e~h dd,!.egate Ur. Broz, who read the i iigli sh
translations of prevaoz~.~oly di a ~mir~~~ted eabstrncts with oupplemfi"TY
ramarks translated extempoianeii:, sly from ussian notes handed to oss
by A. Ao I7otov a moment b0fore No giioiificant techn ,ra1 info7:?mati,tt
was prorided . The use of tr, caz as middleman reftectet. in
another way the intimacy of his association with tha Sov:.ets, w",U
was obvious throughout, the :lfiusse bly meeotings0
FA The most active S4viet; l_warticirpation was in the section of
Gravi m3trv . BuLanzhe attet dec1 :Li ses iicns except the one at which 1)
r..i^
Uieeiskayten of Finland and The CULo State i na.versaty presented .hi major
effort, Parenthetically, this ; bstention is believed to have bt: er,
boycott of Heiskanen who 4t a ~:reviou t meeting is reporte (by, J eefe,
ll,
US. Army Map Service) to hive ti$:de some ~,enera.l references to Rola ism..
In the section on Gravimetx f--wi :ich to ether with Triangulation was one
of the two most ticklish 'tctgia~s' fron t o point of view of ,soviet n i,3.thaal
security=--the Soviets aehiOved ~,iieir greatest success. +n the one hand
explicit commitments to furnish data wt re forestalled by a lie 460, r,
that Soviet postwar gravity dot have rot been published); and, ort at
other hand, the Soviets cortveye an impre:,sion of capable scientif'a:1
research on the determination o4 abcolpte gravity and on the Soviet testii-Al'.; a
of an instrument for the asur*ment of gravit
- at sea
;~
At the re solution- draf"t,in.g , 7esaio>a of tiae Gravimetr r ssection,
Bulanv.he gave the ixnpre;3s_i o-t of co:thg put of his way to support "shier
LeJay, Director of the ::Lntetaria t jonal. G*avJL:aetric Comrrissioti. This
effort to establish supports may n.ot be Taithout its sinister aspe.t$
The Soviet geodesist ha ,,e d$mon$tratnd keen interest in data of otl ^r
countries and, in fact, arp aAe Jandont !-gin other countries to supply data
of their respective areas,, The pTaaost convenient method of securing these
data would be through access to 1the f it p.s of the International Grav, .metri v
Coinmi:,&.ion under Father LeJOyK ~tiast year,, Bulanzhe magnanimously ave
an obsolete so-called catalog of prewar data to Father beJay, who
promptly took this to mean that the Sov:Let. policy of restriction ha .
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25X1A9a
SJ",3JLCT. Trip Report of
T'orontog Canada,, 2- .33 :.;epf 3mbcr 1)57
c zaazad., Little (lid he rlc)a tr t.IIe c:a}
,.aj'.Og was Of J,ier 7Z 1.: tiincl
rt. b> n available pre rioi l;; The ej a`oct a at Torcrtr:. a a;,ear c #: a f.
a:red at establ.ishin the i_mpre ssic t o f;Yle lied I ear cot.ld be e aa..b..n,..ecuritjr ox'gan i z '~t:F..on a.:,eor~i rat:>d with the ;ecra 3i:,ic~ ar.r'cae p;, rg
and mapping of I'olT:nd ac ;ordirag :.c' the A is9i..fied Soviet rograzr'.
From observations .iu,3h at:. those meat: o?red.,. we have obtained our,
first indication concerning the ;.dent ith of some of the k,`.5- 7ersonnel in
the Polish mapping sty a A,~Ix ti ho c:fuld )e developed into _rAeiligenoe
targets. for the co.-I. Lest .or? cf rye large sa a:.e Polish topo~;,Yaph.ic. mai,s:,
H? Among the . nlovma. ,. orr .r :l ca: c3i b;, x,h.e Soviets on 1,ntarctic
operations was the cor f" _c? attic A .f Plan s tIo make landings et 6 points
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25X1X7
25X1X1
_, 'i3,JEC`r Trip Report o:''
Toruntou, Capfi.ada, 2.1 aeptt nb:r 1957
or. the continents inciw in 2 In thie Ur, f.L i imed : ectcr w e.:-e.. nJ ~, to
US has, conducted operat..oxas :sere':of,.n eq
advantage and made a not data ga.. a TTh USSR will have ; :insd wider
access to geodetic and :gn v ..rnetr, . data without having to vh.are :ats, opa::
classified information, 'h ,s ra..ses t rroblerr: _- what,, If any-tthi.g,
ou ,ht to be done to rectify this ane - e ec. state of affaiO? It is, our,
observation that t csterr gepdc .max.: to are nct attuned to the onsideret,,can
of a problem such as this, even ctugh c;"a lure to act trill have advcrtxt
effects to the security of the F et Wox'..d as well, as on tl;,,e deve:`..ap ent
of science on an irtex rsa r,,i oral ma a.:,e YhE problem w.Lll be oX even a ors
vital concern as Soviet dev _icaaw.n of -':,he earth-satellite vehicle Once
the ICBK progresses. t^ e ate ?.n (US included) are not da:..spe scd
to place any pressr.:re on, they Sov5 ots on ttea grounds '~Jaat ;.~oliticai S;x 6.
.ray.? itary consi l rata on.s ou aft not i nthr or a w..r.th or p jucri r3
International scientific co )er ai .on this attitude was claarLy ev*le-nt
at the X:::th General As.e mbl$, aha :, taie Free World s.:ienti $ a leaned
backward to avoid e:nbarrassIng tie Savi.WrtW by pressing for ; iata shatxng
As a matter of past policy the It G doe; not consider resolutions
affecting a country without .prioi clearrsnce with the delegation of tut
countryy In two instances the , uviets expressed a preference not W
formulate resolutions c aLlin,; for. >oviet cooperation in data exchanga
and research programing,
truculence for 3 more ;rears, it t:_1 the net General Ass'. bly, w c1*,cbiled
vo.,Luntary sharing of MY .nf'onaa i aria :f the Soviets cot tine
A, The lack of readily ave table vuc,s:.a.n interprets t sign , t o aat.,,J.;r
li-m teci Soviet participWo in ...he scirn with t ke
ega`-:I.,)n functioning as iI
;alt:, :,here was no del3t;e.ti,.on :;.Ao-.n::iin
, v o,.are a greater
o a: s.d clt,a
A. It would be advar#ta ep,is to isatF:lli.vence as Gael-L'. as to sd;.eice
to lm -,m a small staff r,,f i t s 'o;le for each mbar Asscn_34 4or:
Li the fIeLd cd' ja odi~!a.y ssalu. 1?;c*;iauitry 14> :selected leading, Free 1.1
en~.,ists to (1) make h a Uwa~e ~f $ov'et scientific do r ?espmeni
(2) reduce the ignorance uvan w.3.,14 Soir3t,t duplicity thri :s, and ;(
develop resources for f.~r~ ufa1 n.t i i; ncept,, fro difficulty is encounterE i in
concei trin g a treat, calm o'J,ar a- ' I-L ths:, c dean c wf for `: r surface of
which.ao ..d then con ititut4,- i:az?t of the geoid. '+_'hc maind of ;Pam
geoid rculd be the corrtirw t:, on of ..,hi.s sua.rfaee under the co atir a rz:,s~
A tidal i auga nu gh:t v?ccvs:ifr.*L! y smn;oth out the ,sutras;e 1.fre Ynt a ^'. ;sec;
con.fi:g,~ar ::ion of -1:e coastal area ir which it is placE d, M e ?is .''#'Arek
as deterriineri in the Balti.,.wou:=i refle:c:t, any tencaency o..' th seater
to aevairiuiat' in tha"'; en .los(:c& area, caused '~dVcy ocean. clrrents or .'.Ca$o
Ftar-thenzuso any a ,a:9addre't seer rf g~luge: may be affected ove~i a c~ng
period of tine by crastai tips -L k"t -he situation beycr:es even mc> N
comp! m aced when v e -;onsi.d,~:r t}t:9 let el- that water might at,i,a . . i i
aypot het:i cal narrow- :.anal s cr: o t,x .ng the land and co u c'E.:'ir g .t e be!as,,
Al.thcrugh the differ- des dt?al_t rwith here area quite smell, it :.
to cope ~n.th them if we c:trc:?.- go'` rah, to establish a iorld "rani,. for
leveling.
Ind.-l.(-Ia ive of thle con't u.l.c z tki, :;anacsa, 2-13 3 : p ;erat?e:r. 19.57
25X1X7
Soviets hat; - pxro je,ted their c-.mpxtat:..ons along the
ellipsoid of revo1ui:"i.on and -laim t ra:; this has inere ;ed E3c ;rr fi;+. ;r
5igni.a:icani:~:3y ', He ray have been hesitant tc pie'cr'~
Soviet gra.virnetri.cG thinking .i.n cornp~~ti.tion with that of Western
r.., ;i,ctrre
Currently the great c1anor is "or more gravity data rapre setr Kati ve s
of the areas that axe now droi'., r u a ry d: ta,, k1out of these area.- are ir
the great ocean basins of thu, south:err hemisphere. I se~oins prcba bie":
that iraperding improvements i.n seaborne gravimeters may be pe r J r
responsible for the recent crxtailrr :nt of gravity programs at sea,
Jntil the Graf and the US 3netrurnent s are. thoroughly 'tested and proved,
the old penduluz!n apparatus would her .-,e to be used and progress we a l d be
slow and expensive.,
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S, -' ,l' Zw::t? : 'rip Report of
I :~raan'err,-S; Can,-d a* 2.:1? S(: sterrcber 1957
The ?ler ;strand ;eod:`rr:tcr and t,he Wad1f,~y to .u a r:,s:ac:r? pr?ese R. the
geodesist today with a rnu a.ris o.1 rapf,dl-y determining
distance to augment tb us ual deterr::irtation of angl;.e?a 1.:i : lb ,d
observations,, Developed fir.-I.- in 1 t8 ; the geodimeter:F :)pfara~kaes .th a
modulated light beam of a .Jef",..rtita cspticai frequency t,l .Tt travel to a
distant reflector an 3. 'ba,,k tc -::,he scarce. The time for the r:etu rr,' trip
depends ultimately upon ;h:, I_:; :nc?: between the so-area and r?efl -actor
and upon the velocity of 14,j?-:, in vst+.u.o,. A checking of `:ha resu .;; o
nany trials with the e-odi net.tet a, a ~.:a?zst Previously sreaired base inss
has been ve;7,; " f`t'uit.fa?,1 in + tie v certainty 3 ;t43d -t 3 the
velocity of light. `i';ae do=,t value "or tlri s veioe t, :a:1:a a ated a ; tla
Toronto meeting ; - 7 a . : l ?y r o ~, 'F ~o kub pea aec Sfnccc 'uiir': g ods "?. er
ope ,a.te;s on optical fraquaric3.e;s? it -van bye employed or.1. r at, nigh
At da tances of 10 miles and more, .t is a.apabie of a r,7 icy to w pc,".
-t.n 200, 000 or better
The te:l,l.turo nete: , ,op ratE s on mcdu.:6 aced radio cntcr?a-laves and
consequent. y' (,aii be empl? yid du -i,ng the dray as we:51 ae :t:~.,,$tr'1