TRENDS IN MOSCOW'S TRAINING OF FOREIGN COMMUNISTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000600170061-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 21, 1998
• Sequence Number: 61
• Publication Date: June 13, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release01/07/28 : Cl 00915R0006O 0061-0
ENDS IN MOSCOW IS 'TRAINING OF Ft !IQN 00M- STS
1. Introduction
Selection of Students
3. Arrangements for Students
Schools and Courses
13 3vne 1957
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CI - - 0915R000600170061-0
 `Approved For Release 51107128 : Cl
0915R0006001061-0
TRENDS IN MOSCOW'S TRAINI'IG OF FOREIGN =MISTS
ion
e CPSUis earliest and most effective methods of exerting
coordination over the ; to tional C+ unist vome nt was through
its indoctrination and training of foreign C nists, Thins? the training of
foreign C nuniets within Party schools in the USSR has long been an integral
and important part of the Communist movement. The greatest peak of such
activity was reached during the Comintern period, After World -'ar II there
ilment in the number of foreign Cenaunists who received
Soviet Union, and an evident contraction of the
borate system of schools which had existed, A certain amount of training
for foreign Communists continued to be carried out in the USSR - but on a
such reduced scale.
At the present time there is evidence pointing to an wtpanding
program of training Communists from other countries in Party schools within
the USSR. While the evidence is not first, there is reason to believe that this
expanding program may have cemented around the time of Stalin's death (1953 ,
At any rate, it has become evident that within the last few years especially,
an increasing giber of foreign Cesmuniat functionaries have been traveling to
the USSR for Party training. lent info ti, t
s concerning the identities and selection of trainees, their
travel patterns;,, the schools attended and the courses studied pose a difficult
intelligence target. It is nonetheless an important one. The CPS TVs apparent
the training of foreign Communists probably r. eflects not
only a desire to produce better - rty activists and infuse the Cam unist movement
Its inception,, however,, may have preceded this date? In February 1952, Stalin
himself noted "the inadequate level of Marxist development of the majority of
the Communist Parties in foreign countries" when he called for a new textbook
of Marxist polities, eoon,
Approved For Release 2001/ i~RDP78-00915R000600170061-0
 'Approved For Release'$ 61/07/28 : CIA-RDP78-00915R00060OW061-0
with fresh enthusiasm, but also a deliberate attempt to foster loyalty
and subservience to the Soviet Party among the next generation of foreign
C =unitt -ixty leaders, There is also current evidence to suggest that,
in a few instances, some Co nunist functionaries may be deliberately sent
to study in the USSR in order that their own Party leaders can in their
absence better restore ideological unity within their1l ty,
While this paper is concerned only with the trends of OPSU
training, some ocm rent is applicable about OP China in this connection.
During 1956, for instance, OP China trained a considerable number of Latin
American Caniets who are not known to have received OPSU training, It
is not yet apparent what relationship this training activity on the part of
CP China has to the CPSUae training program for foreign Ccmunieta,
be a normal division of labor, with the Chinese Con nists handling particularly
C raunist trainees from underdeveloped countries, In the case of one Latin
American CP, however, it is reliably reported that in late 1956 one of the
t-ranking leaders of the Party began his studies under CPSU direction in
Moscow.. On the other hand, training by both the OPSU and CP China is indicated
in at least one case involving another very Ugh-ran ng leader of the same GP,
situ Possibly
the CPSU, as the leader of the international movement, will concentrate not
only an the training of Comma~n1ats from the advanced countries but also on the
t l dens of CP from -underdeveloped areas, The situation with respect
to China, however, is an important one to watch. Some Latin American Coaraaunists
are reliably reported to have remarked that they found CP China's experience
more applicable to Latin American countries than that of the CPU.
_? of;
2, Selection
he Satellites the dispatching of Conn niets to Soviet
Party schools is more or less routine, within the CF's of the ee rld the
gram of sending such trainees to the USSR varies considerably.
Reliable defector and other information shows that a regular program
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP78-00915R000600170061-0
2 Atrs%e.rn.
 Approved For ReleaseV01/07/28: CIA-RDP78-00915R00060OW061-0
e dsta whereby selected Tarty functionaries from the Satellites are sent
yearly to CPSU schools. There is also evidence that the schools of the
elli.te CFs themselves are, in most instances,, modeled so closely an the
ern that a student completing with some distinction a required
z sber of years in one of the important training establishments of his
may according to a prearranged program .... move On to the
paraUel Soviet Party school for "advanced" stuff.
Nbile selection of a student by a Satellite CP obviously entails
his known loyalty and proven ability, there is also real
to believe that Satellite 4arties are gZRC2 to send each year a significant
of students to CI`SU schools. ---thy- pct ri.dence suggests
ellite -artRies fool it incumbent on themselves not only to hold
up their end of this program numerically,, but also to prove to the CPSU,
through proper selection of students for specific schoolsc, their ideological
and political astuteness. It is suspected, however, that often the a sphasis
is on quantity rather than quality in the selection of ataudents.
Indicative Of how this matter is handled by the
a 1955 document of one satellite Party. According to this docents, the
Party Secretariat had as one of its tasks the "organizing and selection of
students" for study in various CPSU establisl Tents. This task: included not
only the composition of the student delegation,, but also the determin ti
of which ones she 4d attend what schools and whether they should take a 2 -:-,
or a year course. The "responsible section" (presumably of the
al Goimnit
was listed as the Section of Leading Party Or #=,,
which was the cadre s action of the Party,
e
Without the uniform condition which obtain in the Satellites,
in other CA the program of sending-Party f'hnctionariee to CPSU schools has
been influenced by a variety of factorsl the extent of the training program
a arty itself; the general availability of trained leaders;
the conditions of legality or circumscription under which the -Party operates;
its financial ability to help underwrite transportation costs of students; its
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA, ?J,?- 915R000600170061-0
 Approved For Release41/07/28: CIA-RDP78-00915R000600061-0,
i ortanoe and potential both internally as veil as in relati to to oche
as of specific Tarty programs requiring great
training; the desire to establish closer contacts with they` CPSU; and V
other factors, Both seasoned Arty functionaries as veil as youthful., less
experienced activists have been included in this program,,
Available evidence pointing to an training pro
for foreign Communists in the t relates largely to Western European and
Western Hemisphere CPS, and, in several cases, appears to be the first
of any consequence since World ?ar U, It is possible that an
acceleration in such training is also taking place for CPS in the middle
r but there is little evidence available as yet to indicate this
With respect to western Europe and the Western He mi -ere, however,, current
evidence shows that while both seasoned functionaries as well as youthful
activists continue to be included in the training program, there app s to
be a deliberate effort .-. and on a greater scale than heretofore -- of send-
ing to CPSU training establishments the rising generation of future Party
leaders, This evidence is rik3ngly similar in several widely separated
tn
country, for instance, 19 party f'unctiorarie r departed
to continue the it -'arty training in the USSR. Of those,,,
over 10 were born in the middle or late 1920es, Frcmi another country, 9
functionaries are presently receiving training in the USSR; of these, over
7 were born in the middle or late 1920 t s,. From still another country it is
reliably reported that over 25 Party activists are attending a special school
in the USER,, They are believed to be in this same general age grew,
yet another country, 8 trty functionaries are reliably reported to have re.-
turned after an extended period of training in the Soviet Union, Several of
these returnees are known to hold positions of :importance in the middle
echelon of 'r~ty leadership, In the case of other countries, there is an
teresting parallel in the reports that the son of a high Tarty official in
ourntry was among the youths selected to receive ?1arty training in the
_~. ~~-~.. v& A-.LV.LU ya r tionariea is apparent in other in..
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA 4R
 Approved For Releas.J1J01/07/28: CIA-RDP78-00915R00060 0061-0
relating to trainees scheduled to begin their training in the
ta",attend short-term refresher courses as welll, as
ADW
undergo long-term training. A week* course (or "42-may course") is evidently
attended by some of the better qualified foreign Coannutsiate whose stay in
the USSR is thus of a coanparatively short duration. The youttsful. or niddle-
echelon Cnrtusists resin for longer periods, and, are apparently selects
of specific duration before their departure. A course o
e most cor'Mof, but reliable reports also show that there
..'.W -~
year periods. one group of students from the sauee
lees scheduled for courses of varying lengths.
evident that the procedure followed in the selection of
specific trainees for Soviet Party schools varies frog; country to country and
even within the same country. Some trainees are ehosen on the basis of their
proven organisational skill in party work. Others. are reportedly selected
from among those who have progressed through the bierachy of the sectionals
provincial, inte=r-regional and national schools of their own - rty. So
find, themselves at a CPSU school because it became prudent for them
their country, others,, who bold positions of responsibility, in their
warty, attend courses in the USSR IA order to enhance both their skill and
sir prestige. Still others are believed to be the deliberate choice of
present arty leaders in order either to bolster, their awes position through
the creation of a Moscow-tram cadre having a personal loyalty, or
themselves t aorarily of tatction ries causing -Party dissension.
I&Ue the bulk of evidence. su ,gests' duct the actual selections
trainees are made by the foreign OP itself (with CPSU concurrence obtained
a report received earlier this year referred specifically to an
.ch had been received by youthful. cadre workers in one country
r ija
to attend a special Party school in the USSR, It is not yet evident whether
influence
new trend and the CPStT itself is beginning to exercise greater
control over the selection of foreign Cceunist trainees for
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RfbP78-00915R000600170061-0
 Approved For Release,01/07/28 CIA-,
15R0006OW0061-0
Soviet Party schools, But such a development would be in line with a CPSU
desire to reaffirm its auppremacy over the Communist movement and to ensure
the loyalty of the best and most active elements within the foreign CPs.
;ts f Mud
Evidence suggests that for the most part the foreign Camunist
trainees experience considerable isolation while attending Soviet Party
schools. Although one report indicates very clearly that even after a stay
years in the USSR, a returning trainee had a good knowledge of political
and -Par. ty events which had taken place in his native country during his
absence, this case may be unusual, Developing dissension in his-Party at
home caused his recalll, from the USSR in order that he could bolster the
current -?arty leadership; obviously he had to be briefed about events, and
this may have been simplified by the fact that in many of his courses in the
USSR he was taught by members of his own rty. In another case, that of a
Satellite apt it is known that the-a rty leadership was di ppointed to find
its teturning trainees out of touch with the facts of life in the country and
by and large too theoretical, with little "contact with the workers."
Evidence about the physical. isolation of the foreign Communist
trainees in the USSR is more conclusive. Not only are they apparently re-
moved from general contact with the Soviet co mn t y, they are
kept apart from visiting members of their own -Party -- even those frM
their home town - whose Warty business does not take them to the school*
This situation may stem in part from the demanding regime of the schools them-
selves, but is more likely the result of the stringent security measures which
have always characterized Co7mrunist training.
Little i rd of ation is available about arrangements made to handle
correspondence between the trainees and their families. Probably such arrange-
are dictated by the situation of legality or circumscription in which
the national arty operates as van as the circumstances surroun,
ndividual trainee's travel and cover, One case is known where a mailing
address was available to a trainee's family. Letters could be sent to him in
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDV78-00915R000600170061-0
 'Approved For Release'l/07/28 : CIA-RDP78-00915R000600'061-0
-stir
his true name and addressed to a specific post office box (Pow Yashchik)
in Moscow. In another cases reports indicate that no arrangements were made-
the trainee, -+ apparently on his own, sent letters home via fellow Party
members who were returning before he did. He is reliably reported to have
received no correspondence from his family.
Despite the isolation while in school, however, one very interesting
trend has been apparent in the case of at least some Communist trainees
from countries not too distant from the MO. Some of the trainees are
being returned to their own countries at regular intervals in order to enjoy
a vacation. Several trainees from at least two countries are known to have
returned home for a few weeks at Christmas time. Some are also known to have
had summer holidays at home last year. Available information is not yet
sufficient to conclude that this will be a general pattern, but for countries
within easy flying time of Moscow it appears a likely possibility.
In the case of Co=rm;unist trainees from countries too far removed
from the i SSR to make it feasible for them to return home for vacations,
only one report is available to indicate holiday arrangements. It may,
however, reflect the general procedure. According to this report, the
students are given summer vacations at a resort in the Crimea.
Travel arrangements for trainees also vary according to 4rty
and individual. In one group of trainees from the same country, for instance,
it is reported that some held proper passports with the required visas but
that one or two in the group left the country without any documentation?
In the case of some trainees from another country, it is reported that their
passports were not valid for the MSR; they simply went on to the Soviet
union from the nearest country permitted by the passport and any Soviet/
Satellite stamps or visas were provided for by loose cards rather than on
the passport. In other cases.the trainees travel quite openly and directly.
It is obvious that infinite variations are practiced to effect the travel
of various trainees. It is also obvious that the CPSU must underwrite a
considerable portion of the over-all expenses involved.
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : Cl4JJLEJWA0915R000600170061-0
 Approved For Release01/07/28: CI
Available evidence indicates that once within the t>SSR the traineets
passport is turned over to Soviet authorities and is returned to him only
an his departure from the country. One case may be cited of the travel
documentation provided for a returning trainee. When ready to leave the
Soviet Union, he received back his passport which had been doctored to show
visas and proper entry-exit stamps for various Western European countries
as well as two return trips to his own country and a passport renewal--all
this falsified by the Soviets in order to conceal his continuous stay in
the USSR.
It might also be noted that in the case of certain trainees from,
several Latin American countries, it is reliably reported that these may
frequently return to other than their native countries. This situation
probably results from the fact that they cannot return to their own countries,.
It also attests to the Soviet ability to provide documentation enabling these
individuals to enter and take up rebidence in countries other than their
S Dole and Courses
In the great majority of cases it is impossible to determine
the specific Party school in the 'USSR which is attended by any one individual
trainee or group of Communists from other countries. Evidence is often
vague and nomenclature confusing. Certain schools are known to exist and
the presence of foreign Communists has been reported at each. It is also
quite possible that there are other schools which have not yet been identified.
At the present time, this subject can only be treated in terms which have
general application.
Three training and research establishments of the CPSH are located
in Moscow and are controlled directly by the CPSVts Central Camnittee.
These are the Higher Party School, the Academy of Social Sciences, and the
Institute of Marxism-Leninism. Foreign Communists have been reported at
each. In addition, it has been reliably reported that a special school for
foreign Communists is located in a suburb of Moscow called Pushkino (possibly
also known as Pushkin or Pushkinskoye). Finally, training of foreign Communists
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : 00915R000600170061-0
 Approved For Release01/07/28: CIA-RDP7,8-00915R00060Uf0061-0
from regions of the Middle East and Far East has been reported in cities
in the T3SR adjacent to these areas. The most pr~istently reported school
of this sort id at Tashkent where Arab cadres are allegedly trained.
Confusion in the identification of Soviet schools appears to
be due in part to the various names and descriptions given to the courses
studied and also to the different lengths of time which may be involved.
It is suspected that any one of the known Soviet schools is flexible enough
to account for these factors,
H her Party School
As the name implies, this school is the apex of the regular CPStr
schooling system which includes also establishments at lower divisions of
the Party organization. It was established originally in 1939 and was
reorganized In 1946. The rector of the school is still believed to be
N.R. I'R.4NEVy, although he eras last identified in this position in 1955.
For several years the address of the school has beans 6 Miusekaya Polochchad,
D-47, Moscow.
The chief purpose of the Higher Party School is the training
of Party and Soviet j et at e, as opposed to theoreticians. The training
encompasses both ideologicaltolitical matters as well as practical courses
which would be particularly 'useful to those responsible for Party and govern-
ment administrative procedures and adtivities. It is undoubtedly for this
reason that Satellite Communists in particular have been reported at this
school, although reliable reports have also placed other foreign trainees
at the Higher Party School. There is some reason to believe, however, that
at least some of those non-Orbit Communists may have been attending certain
special lectures at the school rather than participating in a regular course.
It is possible, though no other evidence supports this, that a separate
division exists in the school in order to handle specialized training for
non-Orbit Conmunis
While it is difficult to know to what extent the school's known
regulations are applicable to non-Soviet students, they may be useful in
9
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : ft.;8-009158000600170061-0
 Approved For Releas201/07/28 : C .- DP78-00915R0006OUfO061-0
helping'to pinpoint future identification of the school. According to an
announcement made in 1956, for instance., the school has changed from
year to aA year course of study. It was also announced that no entrance
examinations are given for admission to this school. Students are admitted
on the basis of recommendations by provincial, territorial Central Committees
within the union republic CP +. Students must not be over years of ages
and must have had a higher education and experience in atninistrativet
Party, Soviet or journalistic work.
The following subjects were listed by the Large Soviet Encyclopedia
of 1951 as those studied at the school: history of the CPSU; history of
the USSR; general history; political economy; dialectical and historical
materialism; logic; international relations and foreign polies of the USSR;
and political geography; Russian language and literature; foreign
language; foundations of the Soviet economy and the practical direction of
the branches of the national economy; Party organization; State law and
Soviet organization; and journalism for individual newspaper editors.
According to a defector report., some foreign Communists from
non-Orbitrties attended certain lectures at the Higher Party School which
covered not only world history but also military tactics, including guerrilla
warfare. This to the only indication that courses of this sort might be
given at the Higher Party School.
Academy of Social S 01.22M
This is the leading CPSU establishment for the training of
theoret cians, and should not be confused with the USSR Academy of Sciences
which is a state institution involved in scientific research in all fields.
The purpose of the Academy of Social Sciences is to train theoreticians for
work in central Party institutions, the Central Committees and other Committees
within the union republic CPss, as well as for work in higher scientific
establishments in the USSR. Although the Academy of Social Sciences was
opened in 1946j. it is actually a revival of the former Communist Academy
'which functioned in the 1920's and early
A
10
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : Cl - P78-00915R000600170061-0
 Approved For Release X1/07/28 : q1fij
1MR-fflQQ15ROO0600iQ0061-0
Because of its importance as a Marxist institution, the Academyts
instructors are high-ranking CPSU officials and the foremost theoreticians
and propaganda specialists in the Soviet Union, including those in the social
science sections of the Academy of Science. The Academyts present rector
is believed to be Prof. (fhu) DORO IOV who apparently succeeded F.V. KONSTANTINOV
in this position in late 1955 when KONSTANTTN07 became chief of the Agitprop
Section of the Central Committee, CPSU. In 1956, the address of the Academy
appeared ast Sadovo-Kudrinekaya 9, Moscow.
While there is reliable evidence to show that Satellite CP trainees
are sent to the Academy of Social Sciences for study, there is no firm evidence
to indicate that other foreign Communists are also trained there. Neveer-
theless, in view of the Academy's purpose and importance, it is felt that
selected foreign Communists very probably, do receive "advanced" theoretical
training either in regular courses at the Academy or in special courses
arranged specifically for the foreign students. When foreign Communists
are reported to be receiving "advanced political instruction" in the USSR.-_
and with no other indication as to school or course-they may well be enrolled
at the Academy. Satellite Communists are sent on a regular basis, frequentl,y
corning directly from the Social Sciences school attached to their c hearties.
The length of courses at the Academy- =Jbeen variously described.
Puv in 1954 stated that the period of study ..._, p was . years. Parer Life
in 1956 listed the term of study at years. A report about Satellite
students stated that they would study at the Academy for a period of,
years. There may also be shorter, intensified courses related to certain
current problems or trends affecting Marxist theory.
While it would not be expected that regulations affecting Soviet
students would be particularly applicable to foreign Communists, they may
reflect something more about the Academy. Soviet aspirants are considered
from among those Party members, recommended by van ue committees in union
republic CPs, who have been in the Party at least years, who are not
more tha#~are of age, who have completed their higher education, had
experience in Party work, research and training, and have published articles
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-R RP78-009158000600170061-0
rnnr-r
I1
 Approved For ReleaseJ01/07/28 - 78-00915R00060bd1rt0061-0
-VOMLI
and pamphlets. Admission is handled on the basis of competitive examinations
in which the aspirant may be queried in a field of his chosen special;,ty,
the principles of Marxism-Leninism, and in a foreign language. He is also
required to present an essay dealing with his selected speciality.
Although students apparently concentrate over the whole period
on a single subject only, the Academy's syllabus is a wide one. Fields of
study have been listed ass political economy; the economics and politics
of foreign countries; theory of the state and law; international law; inter-
national relations; history of the USSR; history of the CPSU; world history;
dialectical and historical materialism; Western European philosophy; logic,
psychology; and literature and art. It has been reported that the Academy
is broken d n into two departments: a Department of History, which is
concerned with Party history; and a Department of International Relation's
which prepares specialists in this field for central Party establishments,
research institutions and work on theoretical publications.
Ipso*te of arxiem -ten'! n{ sm
It is more difficult to describe accurately this CPSU establish-
ment, it is the Party's tog research institution on the problems of Comma
and it has a long history.
it was once called the Institute of Marx-
Engels-Lenin (as a result of the merger of the Lenin Institute Old th,-A' arx-Engels
Institute), and for a few years was called the Institute of Marx-Engels-
Lenin-Stalin. In 1956 its name was changed to its present one.
The Institute in publicized largely for its responsibility to
collect, study and publish documents and historical materials pertaining
to the founders of the Communist Party and to their leading continuars in
the CPSIT. Stress in laid on its "research" work into the history of the
CPSH, but this work also includes the study of the history of the international
workers' movement. The CPSU boasts that the Institute is unique in the world
for its store of reading material on the history of Marxism and international
socialist and Cossssuniet workers' movements. While its role as a research
institute tends to confuse its status as a "training school", it apparently
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RAP
 Approved For Release,,W01/07/28: CI"tO15R0006090061-0
functions as both. Even before World War IT it was reliably reported that
through "research" work in the Institute, specialists were developed in
various fields of political science-in the science and history of the class
,struggle in Russia and in various other countries of the world. In the
mid-1930's, the Institute reportedly catered to foreigners on special recommendation.
Within the last few years, several reports have referred to foreign
OP functionaries who have studied recently at the Institute of Marxism-
Leninism, but these reports are of undetermined reliability. In one case,
ktrt
the secretary general of a C? was reported to have spentmonths at the
Institute attending "courses" which particularly stressed political, economic
and social developments affecting his own area of the world. Reportedly
this led, while still at the Institute,, to the formulation of a new Party
policy better designed to meet those developments. Other recent reports
about the Institute have referred to courses concerned with organizational
problems, youth movements, socialist legislature, mass agitation, infiltration
tactics,, etc. It is impossible to evaluate these reports on the basis of
what is known about the Institute. It is suspected? however, that several
reports may have confused the type of work done at the Institute of Marxism-
Leninism with what was once taught at the International Lenin School during
the Comintern period. Nevertheless, it is believed that foreign Communists
do in fact study at the Institute.
Indicative of some of the work done by the Institute was the
announcement earlier this year that the Institute would publish a new magazine
Problems of History of the CPSt1 CVoarosy istorii XPSS). The basic functions
of the magazine were stated to be "to present scholarly treatment of problems
of the history of the CPStT, particularly of the period since the October
revolution; to help teachers and propagandists in studying and teaching
Party history in higher educational institutions and in the Party educational
system; to review new literature on problems of Party history, and to elucidate
the history of fraternal Cou unist and Workers' parties and the international
workers' movement."
Approved For Release 2001/07/28: CIA-R[7 _00915R000600170061-0
 Approved For Release.01/07/28 ? 00915R00060GO061-0
In 1952, the a4drees of the Institute was listed as: 5 V3.itaa
Marked i Engel'sa, Kievsky Raion,, Moscow. For several years the director
has been G.D. OBICHIcIN, and the deputy director S PANOVA. The Chairman of
the Division on History of the COQ was identified in 1956 as M.D. STUCfEBN!KOVA,
members of the research staff also identified in 1956 were IEVINA and
ROMANOVA. The importance of the Institute to the CPSU is reflected in some
of its previous directors. These have included M.B. MITIN, V.S. KRCCN,
and F.N. PCSPELOV.
In addition to the Institute located in Moscow, the union republics
and some territories in the USSR have branches of the Institute. In this
connection, it should be noted that one report has stated that although
the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow is the highest training establish-
ment for members of one foreign CP, the next in importance is a branch of
the Institute located in an area of the DSSR closer to the specific foreign
count.
P hk3nM,(or Pueblo c Pushkinekave)
Recent information indicates that a special school for foreign
Communists is located in a suburb of Moscow called Pushkino. The location
and other descriptions available about this school suggests that it may
be the same establishment reported several times during the 194.0's where
foreign Coamunists received training. In the earlier reports it was generally
called Pushkin. The location may be similar. to that of Pushkinskaye, described
as one of the locations of the Comintern for a brief time in the early 1940's.
According to recent information, the Pushkino school is designed
almost exclusively for foreign Commnaists, and apparently is equipped to
handle a considerable number of students. It has no other specific add"
but reportedly is near a military airfield and is disguised as a convalescent
home--e description similar to the "rest loos" at Pushkin reported in 1943
being actually a CP school for foreign trainees. Courses of study have
been described as being generally the same for all foreigners at Pushkino.
Apparently they center on three main subjects: philosophy, political economy
and history of the CPSV.
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP78-00915R000600170061-0
 . "Approved For Release ~QO 1/07/28 : 00915R000600W061-0
interesting factor reported about Push .no is that Sono
courses- poeuibly vwW---ars taught by foreign ' .at functionaries he*.
selves to their fellow eountr men. This may at: in part from lang
considerations, but it may also indicate that train s at Pushkin are not
considered on the same select educational level as those who attend the
wining establishment. It is possible that Puehkino is deei
to co;* with comparatively large nuaabers of foreign trainees and for that
sign f~mctionaries asst administrative roles a the ccurnea
are simplified. The Indication that the courses are generally the s for
all foreigners, heir, points up the fact that centralised control to
exerted by the U,
According to a recent report, there has been ao ee discontent
among foreign trainees with certain aspects of the courses given at Puef .no,
Discontent has centered on a feeling that the courses overstressed the CFSV
and underp hasized the CPr of other countries. Reported'y, the curriculum
is to be modified in this respect,
Reports are often so vague and confusing that it has not been
possible to identify arq other g2gair, schools where foreign C sts
may be receiving special Party training within the UM, it is t,
however, that other schools do exist. References to an Institute of C
Stn?tes, a Study Center, a Lenin Ae ads i a Karl !.arac School, a Lenin Ins
and a ,"special. Party school" are but some of the various nwwe raeeived in
reports. They may refer to some of the establishments discussed above or
they may refer to schools which it has not yet been possible to identify.
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA- g)P78-00915R000600170061-0