WEATHER AGENCIES IN CHINA. MANCHURIA AND FORMOSA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 85
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 4, 1999
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: May 20, 1947
• Content Type: TRANS

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DOCUMENTS BRANCH
TRANSLATION
20 May 1947
rii~ 3fa;r3~.w
NO C,-,ANGF
CLAS:3. C;HANGrD TO: T'S S C
WE??` REV1E'1V G 1 E.
Jt 1 F : H/11 70-2 -- - .._~?---
DATE.
Prepared By
Documents Branch
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE GROUP
New War Department Building
21st and Virginia Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
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WARNING
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DO CUMENTS BRANCH
T R A N S L A T I O N
Number 73 20 May 1947
WEATHER AGENCIES 4N CHINA, MANCHURIA AND FORMOSA
1 i f"-'i'ce'-!i~? . ~ .r. I .
Prepared by
Documents Branch
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE 'GROUP.
2430 E Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
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SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
Weather Agencies in China Manchuria and Formosa
Doc No 278155, 288677, 270969, 321933, 231469
336759, 252370, 253266, 311575, 3915775
This publication is a compilation of information extracted
^nd translated from various documents in Documents Branch, dealing
with weather agencies and weather data in China, Manchuria and
Formosa. The documents, published at various times between 1930
and 1942, are listed in a biblio?;raphy at the end of this translation.
Some of the subjects covered are: brief backgrounds of mete-
orological work in China and Manchuria; weather agencies and
weather observation stations---their ~pcations, their functions
and personnel, and their supervising agencies; types of observations
made; codes used for transmitting observations; broadcasting
schedules; and frequencies for weather broadcasts. The majority
of this information was originally compiled by the Seventh Survey
Commission of the East Asia Research Institute, the North China
Liaison Section of the China Affairs Board, and the Central Mete-
orological Observatory of Japan.
The letters after chapter heading indicate the source of
that particular information. These letters correspond to the key
to the bibliography at the end of this translation.
It should also be noted that the numbers listed with the
weather stations in the various tables of this publication have
been arbitrarily assigned for the sake of convenient. reference and
not to be confused with the numbers assigned to weather stations
by the International Meteorological Organization.
Pages 1 through 80
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EXTRACT` ,RANSLATION
CPYRGHTJ
WEATHER AGENCIES IN CHINA, MANCHURIA
CHINA, CONTENTS
Doc No 27$155, 288677
270969, 321933
231469, 336759
252370, 253266
311575, 391577
art 1. WEATHER AGENCIES IN CHINA
I. Weather Agencies in China and Their Administrative
:"Functions
A. General
B, Functions of Weather Agencies and Stations
C. Weather Agencies
D. National Meteorological Conference
E. Relationship of Various Weather Agencies and
Stai49ns.
II. Weather Observation Stations and Supervising Agencies
A. Meteorological Observatories and Weather
Observation Stations (Class C and above) and
Supervising Agencies
B. Weather Observation Stations and Supervising
Agencies
C. Supplementary List
D. Number of Observatories and Stations Supervised
by Various Agencies t
E. Locations of, Rain Gauge Stations and Other Small
Weather Observations Stations in the Provinces of
China
F. Locations of Periodical Stations of the Meteoro-
logical Observatory of Tientsin
0. Locations of-Rain Gauge Stations of the Metec.ro-
logical Observatory of Tientsin
III. Weather Communications
A. Summary of Provisions Adopted at the Second
Meteorological Conference
B. Weather Radio Stations (1935)
C. Codes for Weather Communications (1932)
IV. Educational Institutions Having Courses in ivieteorology
V. Types of Observations Made by Weather Observation
Stations
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1. Outline of Meteorological Work
II. Meteorological Observatories and Weather Observation
Stations
I ap Showing locations df Meteorological
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ObsF:r atign Stations and Rain Gauge Stations
to atlons,and Elevations of Weather Observation
$tatiQns
Types of Observations Made by Weather Observa-
tion $tat ons
Lighthouses and Rain 'gauge Stations Making
Obseryat:pns.on both Air Temperature and
Precipitation
Stations4aking Seismological Observations
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bseryatc~ies
It ap S}~owi_4g Vocations of Weather Observations
Weatbyr Ag encies and Subordinate..Stations
V eather ObservationStations Operated by Agri-
Cultural ;xperiment Stations of the South Man-
ch 'rise Ft ilro. ,d Goppar.y
Types of Observations 'Made by Weather Observa-
tion $tat, onus
Part 1. WEATH . AGENCIES ' IN FORMOSA
Weather 0
seryation Stations
A. Map Showing Locations of the Formosa Government-.
1 General Bdeteorological Observatory Weather
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WEATHER AGENCIES IN CHINA. AND THEIR ADMINISTRATIVE 'UNCTIONS
(A)
The National Meteorological-Institute of the Academia Sinica in
Nwking is the, highest, weather agency `in China'. Directly under it
are, the Pei-p-''ing Meteorological Observatory, the Shanghai'
Meteorological Observatory, the T'ai-shan Meteorological Observatory
and 14. or 15 otSer weather agencies. In addition to these, there
are weather observation stations.under theChinese Maritime
Customs, under provincial, hsien, or city administration, and under
educational institutions and religious groups. The facilities and
functions of these observatories and-station vary,
A number of the'weAther observations stations were organized
through the "cooperation of the agencies listed above, and there is
a form of liaison among them, but generally there is no adequate
control over, or liaison among the various weather agencies and
stations.
B. Functions of,eather Agencies and Stations
1A)
1. Regulations governing Meteorological Observations
In 1932 the Executive Yuan issued the Regulations governing
Meteorological Observations classifying all weather agencies into
lass A, B, C and D stations and into rain gauge stations. These
regulations were intended to make the duties ahd functions of the
various stations uniform and to promote cooperation among them.
Each province established separate regulations based upon
those issued by tho Executive Yuan. These generally included
provisions for the'unification of all weather observation stations
within a province and 'arrangements for establishing liaison among
them.
2. Meteorological Observation Regulations for Kiangsu Province
The regulations for Kiangsu Province,issued in 1934, are
given here for reference.
a. The Reconstruction Department of this province will
have supervision over all meteorological projects within the
-province. The Department will'have control over one Class A
station and several Class B. C, and D stations.
b. Provincial weather observation stations will have one
head who will receive orders directly from the Chief of the
Reconstruction Department of the province..:The head of a weather
observation station will supervise the administraticn and
functions of the station.
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.:c. aC : s 4t,i on. w. have the following. personnel one
knead, one supervisor-inspector, one weather observer, 'one radio
geneta1 weather.
f. Standard observation} items 'for Class D weather stations
will be: (1) air temperature (maximum and minimum); (2) humidity
(absolute and relative), , (3) precipitation; (4) evaporation; (5)
'(;3) type,.of?clouds; (14) direction of. clouds; (1~) speed of clouds;
(16) general weather,
,I n iI y
e. Standard,olservqLtigi items'for Class 0 wezther'stations
will,be (1)atmospheric pressure; (2},air temperature (maximum
s~d'miriimum); (3)'humidity (absolute and relative); (4) preeipita-
on, (5) wind direction; (6) wind velocity; (7) evaporation;
g) general weather..
ture? (10) soil temperature, (11.) visibility; (12) amount of clouds;
Stadard obsevata cin itemsfor.,Class Bweather stations
will be ( atmospheric pressure; (2) air temperature (maximum
~ r .
ar d miniduni).,. humidity absolute and relative); (4) amount of
(3~
'prec'dpitat:iori arid duration. ofi.>recipitation; (5) sunshine; (6) wind
dire ction; .(7) wind velocity; (8):evaporation; (93 plant tempera-
oper .tor, one draughtsman and one clerk.
,g.`''Observation times based on Chuniz-vuan standard time'. at
(1) Observation times for, Class B. weather observation
0b ervatiors will be made daily at 0300) 0600,
0900, 1200, 1400, 1500, 1800, 2100 and 2400.
Results of the,, observations' at 0600 and 1400 will
be sent by telegraphic code to the National :Institute of Meteorology.
Precipitation, evaporation, sunshine, plant temperature, soil
teznpErature,'and other items specifically indicated by a particular
station wi.., not be observed every three hours as will the other
,every hour.
*torms.observations will be made.a
R, m -, yA} .~(,yVM L .lVLF. YA141 VV? J. Vto 4J.{.VAl ~++~+~ib Vaaa.t.a# r/a.'S .Juwv iVSA Vaa~+
evaporation will be 00 observed ' dai.iy at 0600 and 1800. During rain-
Plant temperature will be observed daily at 0900.
This will be the minimum for the day.` Soil temperature will be
observed at 0900 and 1800. daily.
Minimum temper, ,ture will be,observed at 0900 and
maximum temperature at 1800 daily
stations:
1500 and 1800.
Observations will be made daily at 0900, 1200,
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Aside from precipitation and evaporation,.-.which
will, be observed at 0900 daily, 'all other items will be observed
at the hours prescribed.
Temperatures observed at 0900 will be con-
sidered .theminimum and those observed at 1800 will, be considered
the maximum for ,the da
(3) Observation times for Class. D, weather observation
stations;
15Q0.
Observations will b.e.'made daily at 0900 and
..At 0900; observations will be made of the
minimum air temperature, wet and dry bulb temperatures, and the
precpitation'and evaporation for the previous day. At 1500,
observations will bc: made fcr,tY}e maxim-, temperature and the wet
and dry bulb temperatures for the day.
h. Obsprvat Q,s made by Class B weather observation
stations, at 0600 .an 1:00 daily will be sent either by telegraph
or radio;-using approved weather codes, to the, National Institute
of Meteorology, provincial weather stations, and other weather
agencies with which special arrangements have been made.
i. Records of hourly and daily observations made by all
weather observation stations will be arranged in a monthly report
and forwarded'by the 5th of the following month to the central
provincial weather station and from there to the National
Institute of Meteorology.
3. Research and Research Reports
Research and investa.gation have been carried on mainly
by the National Institute of Meteorology. This has been done
only very recently, however, so we have yet to see much
accomplished. Research studies have been published in the Memoirs
of the National Institute of Meteorology. The research and in-
carried on by other meteorological stations and the
universities are published in the Meteorological Magazine of the
Meteorological Society of China and in. the publications of the
respective universities.
In addition, other reports are published in meteoro-
logical observation bulletins . and. scientific. magazines.
4. Weather Forecasts and'.Storm Warnings
Weather forecasts are issued onGo or sev ral.,times a day
by the National Institute of Meteorology and the Class A and B
weather. observation stations of the. provinces. -The weather
observation in the coastal region issue storm warnings mainly to
vessels.
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Aeronautical Meteorology.
Weather observation stations under the direct control of
the Commission on Aeronautical" Af.air.s_and under the China National
Aviation Corporation were estab1ishe?d? at airports' and at strategic
points -`along air routes. Thise furnish data for flight weather
~~
forecasts and information on actual flight weather conditions.
curriculum of~the Aviation School of'the General Staff. At the
same time, a.simple weather observation station was set up in'the
school for observations by the'students. This was the first
meteorological institution connected with aviation.
In 1917 a course in meteorology was added to the
4When the Commission on Aeronautical: Affairs was organized
In Mar. 1921 the clause, "Meteorological wireless service
and othw r preservation matters", was added to the General
rpeace prese
Regulations Governing the.Functio.ns of the Commission one
in 1920, a Weather Section was" established in the Commission to
ts,ke over metecrologicaltdutie`s connected with aviation. Plans
we'e M _'de for the establisher ant of weather"observation stations
at 411 airfields.
Transport ufrice.
The followin4 s,re extracts of regulaticns issued by the
Corrupt Ssicn on Aeronautical Affairs
1921 by an order of the Commission on Aeronautical Affairs. They
prescribed the employment of meteorologists at airfields.
each Air Service
service and
General regulations governing the organization of a
bureau to supervise 'state:-owned air lines were promulgated in May
''Weather suctions were established within
Station to take charge of mteorological. wireless
other peace preservation matters.
.bridged Regulations 'governing Airfield Weather
Stations of tho.'Comm s,s.iccn on Aeronautical Affairs.
c' e The Commission on Aeronautical Affairs
? with due consider atieen of the varying distances be-
tween airfields. and differing weather conditions at
those . sz rf fields, shall establish weather observs.tiori
r
at var16usairfields- n to obtain and forward infor-
'nation on weather conditions-.
Art , The weather observation' stations shall
be u Gr. the jurisdict?icn' of the Commission on
Aer~iautici Affairs and shall: be siupel'vised by the
,
8 . q ' , of the airfield. r
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Arti le There shall be a chief and a deputy
chief at each weather observation station.
? e `. Meteorologists shahi be selected and
sent out from among the trainees at the Central
Meteorological Observatory on the basis of ex-
aminatioris given by the'Commission on Aeronau-
tical. Affa'.rs ,
Article 9.- The following equipment shall be
Barometer, chronbrneter, .m6.ximum thermometer,
minimum thermometer, hygrometer, rain gauge,
s,nemoscope, anemometer, nephoscbpe, visibility
maintained at each station:
p..uge,"a:nd daily temperature and atmospheric
-pressure -recorder'.
Regulations' Governing the Appointment of Meteoro-
logists
_ee , _" or Compensation
A t' Meteorologists shall be promoted one
graaa er serving a' full six months with good
behavior.
Article 7. Meteorologists who dlsc V-er special
meteoralogica.l conditions, can jump' otie grade
upon the `approval of the .- Commission' on Aeronau-
;t,ical'Aff irs,
Se2tjon Punishment.
120 Yuan
100. it
90...4+.
gQ i+
70 ++. ,
60
50
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Arti le $. A meteorologist charged with one Hof
.
the fo 1ow%n;--errors in observations or
calculate ons; violation o#`}ariy' of `the regular-
tions; damaging of equipment--shall be subject
to disciplinary punishment.
rti,cl . Punishment shall be meted out in the
fbllowingways, demerits; suspension of pro-
motions; demotion and di-tmissal.
Monthly Salary
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Marine. Meteorology
Reports on actual weather conditions in the Far East are
;broadcast twice daily by the Hsu-chia-hui (Zikawei) Meteorological
Qbservatory and the boast Guard Administration. Data on weather
conditions in the coastal waters off China, Japan and Russia are
reported to vessels.
In addition, the Maritime Customs stations and the ships
under the jurisdiction of the China Merchantsa.:.Steamship Company
exchange, observational data once a day.
7. Agricultural Meteorology
It appears that information on weather conditions is being
put to practical use'by agricultural, and forestry colleges and
other schools, but it is not known whether utilization of such in-
formation is widespread as yet.
Irrigation and the prevention of floods along the Yellow
River, the Yangtze River, and other rivers were originally the
primary objectives of weather observation. It seems that only a
C
beginning,has been mace with respect to basic investigations in
this field.
Twenty-six agricultural- weather observation stations were
established in 1914 throughout the country. These were organized
under the Ministry of Agriculture and G.nm rce and under the
varipus.agencies connected with agriculture and forestry in other
ministries. Stations like'the San-pei-tzu station in Hopei were
organized on a very large sca.le,and,at the present time, the work
done by this particular station has been takrn..overby the Pei-
p'ing Research Institute. Other stations established in 1914 are
the Shansi Agricultural College ' eather Observation Station and
the Pei-p'ing Agricultural College Weather Observation Station.
8. Weather Reports and Publications
Meteorological data and statistics are published from
time to time by principal meteorological agencies, but the only
publications which contain a compilation of nation wide data are
the Monthly Bulletin and the Annual Meteorological
Re ort published by the National- Institute of Meteorology and the
teecrclogical. Magazine published by the Meteorological Society
of China.
Quite a wide range of data is assembled in the national
precipitation reports compiled by the National Economic Council.
The most authoritative work on annual precipitation is
the Rainfall of China by CHU K"c-cheng, published in 1935 by the
Resources Commission. Another valuable report is Etude sur la
,Plu'e en Chine by Gherzi, published in 1928 by the Hsu-chia-hui
(Zikawei) Meteorological Observatory.
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I of the sections on weather in-'The Yellow River=-
..'e adz _.' ons by HU `Huaft-yung, p .blish7od irn 192$ by the
atiPublishing Company should erable one to 3earn,the
Observation of Terrestrial Magnetism
?,.?Obscr.vation of,terrestrial magnetism was begun in China
in, 1877 by the French at the Hsu-chic-hui (Zikawei) astronomical
observatory. This station was later moved to to-'chia-pin near
K' un-ska,an.. idwi the Academia Sinica was establhed~at Narking
i.n,92$, a terrestrial magnetism observation labaratory was
built in, its physics laboratory,'and observations of "terrestrial
magnetism were undertaken. , In. Pei-p'ing, the National?Pei-piing
Research Tnstitutte was estabjtshed in 1929, and observations off'
terres ri r gnetism at Pei- 'ing,and in North China were assigned
tothe physics and radium research section of the institute..
In 1915 the Japanese Navy began observations of ter-restrial magnetism at the Tsingtao Meteorological Observatory.
The. o71o,w ng reports on terrestrial magnetism have been
,published by the?Hsu Chia-hui (Zikawei) Observatory: Observations
?agn etigue, 1876-i927 and Etudes y eti ue, (No 1 to 23).
A s Mary of observations of terrestrial magnetismat
the PNIsics, Research Iristit.ute of the. cademia. Sinica may be
The Academia ,5inica has the following apparatus and equip-
ment: one Smith-Schuster magnetometer and,one earth inductor.
These,,, as well as a portable instrument 'ore Smith--Schuster
in 1932, and'vaereinstal].6d in a
magnetic v
on
y constru Tzu-chin San at Nanking,
The National Institute of Meteorology??of the Academia
Sinica is the principal institution carrying on seismological ob-
servation in China., It nas'the followingappar'atus a Wiechert
horizontal motion se~smo }titer (weight, 1`7;000 kilograms). and a
Wiechert vo~rtacal motion seismometer (weight, 1,300 kilograms).
101".. Seismolo
gical Observation
r .P4, on at the Hsu-chia-hui(Zikawei) Astronomical. Observatory
rector, Gherzi),'the Geological Research Institute (Ping ma-ssu
m
'
-
'
'
en ;,, Pei
p
9 9, Hsi-ch
ing, director, LI Shan-pang),, of the? I%
try of industry and the Tsin~tao Meteorological Observatory'.
41,
General.
The National Institute of Meteorology is under the
Academia.Sinica, Actually, it functions as'the central meteor-
ological observatory for the entire country.
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actual";,conaitl,ons al,org' the Yellow River.
Weather. A.-encies? (A)
National
Instute, of Meteorology of the Academia Sinica
The Academia Sinica is located at 4 Ch'eng Street,
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Nanking. The National institute o e eoro-ogy is o
elcademla binica.t , ,Directly under the juris-
north building off. th
diction of the National Institute of ;rtetoeorology are the weather
agencies in Hopei, Snanghai, Tsai-shan;.Hsui?-chou (Kansu).,,.La-sa
(Tibet) and several others.
b, Functions
(1) ' Land' weather
and meteorological reports
observations, weather forecasts
.(2) High. altitude weather :observations
(3) Study of solar heat...
;(4) Study of weather conditions in ancient times.
(5). Study of atmospheribs'
(6) Establishment f weather stations
(7) Seismic: observations
(8) General reserc.h
Director
Researcher (permanent)
Researchers (under contract)
Editor (permanent)
Meteorologists
Librarian.
Radio operators
-Other personnel
Total
Weather Charts and Forecasts
37
Weathe charts are published for the observations
taken daily at 0600.and 1400. Forecasts are made
following 24 hour period.
at 1700 for the
High altitude observations are made with balloons,
aircraft and kites. Balloon observations are made at the National
Institute o. f IUl gy, the Pei-piing Meteorological Observatory,
eteoroio
and at. the Hsi-an Weather Observation Station.. Observations by
aircraft are.made'by the Army College, with aircraft from the
Commission on Aeronautical Affairs. Observations are made at
Hsi-huamen . irfield'on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Kite observations
are made by'.the'Chtng-hua University Meteorological Observatory.
The radiosonde system was adopted in Jul 1936 and
is used by the institute to make observations during the thiddle
of every month.
CHU KTo-cheng
HSU Ying-chti
CHIANG Ping-jans LU
Chiung, HUANG Hsia-
chTien
CHU KTo-chti
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merit
(1) Recording of latitude and longitude of various
north China
rese`sri section, presumably in the Physics aria :chemistry depart-
-
places'in Pei-piing and along the Tientsin-Pukow and Nanking-
.
Shanghai lines.
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a,, Organization
The institute has the following
(2) Biology
weather station attach-,
These are the functions of the physics and radium
(2) g in lei-p'ing and
Measurement of earth .ma netism'
ing 'and north .
NQTES: In the geology research section there is a
seismology room equipped with a Galitzin and
s; Wiechert seismograph. Seismic occurrences
recorded and
ld
r
e
a
th,r.oughout the wor
studied here. The head of the ~eolcgy re-
search section- is` WBNG Wen-'hao.
China
Study of droughts anoods -in Hopei Province
(2) Study of present ''irriga'tion condi.~iohs in
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3.. River Conservancy Research Society of the Pei-p'ing
National tesearch Institute
General
Measurement?of-gravity in Pci-
Thssociety is located in the Huai-jen Building,
Chung-hai, Pei-ptinj. CHU Kuang-ts'ai is on the .permanent staff
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irrigation
(4) Collection of foreign and domestic literature on
(5) Study of underground water
Northwest Scientific Refearch'Society
a. General
This society is located at Sung--kung-fu, Ching-shan-
tung Road, Pei-ping. It was organized in 1927 by the Society of
Sciences and Arts of China and by, Sven Hedin. This information is
as of 1934..
-b. Functions
Collection and study of scientific data on the north-
.west,: with regard to geology., terrestrial magnetism, meteorology,
astrono anthropology and archeology.
5.., Hsu-Chia-hui (2ikawei) MJieteorological. Observatory
a. General
This observatory is located at H:su-chia-hui, Shanghai.
It was founded by a Frenchman in 1873. Observations of terrestrial
magnetism were begun'in 1877, and an astronomy department was
established on She Shan, Sung-chiaxig, in 1900. This information
is as of 1934.
b. Organization
Meteorology ar) seismology department
Chronology department
Astronomy, department
Physics department
c. Functions
(2) Weather reports and storm warnings to vessels in
(b)
Daily meteorological observations
Observations of the sun
Observations of the positions of the stars
Observation of terrestrial magnetism
X7) Seismic observations
-? 12 -
the coastal waters off China and on the Yangtze River
(3) Publications of weather charts
(4
(3)
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 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500i010013-0
CPYRGHT
Personnel
Head of the observatory, Lejay
and 1.'
Head. of the meteorology E. Gherzi.
seismol.Agy department M. Burgand
Head of the chronology department
Head of the astronomy department E. Villemarque
The Science Society `of China
a, General
institute
The main office 01 the soc
Avenue du Roi Albert, Shanghai; and the branch office, at Gh'eng-
hsien-chieh, Nanking. This society w,as established in?Ame~rica in
in 1920. In 1927 the National.!,;.
1914 and transferred., to ,.Nanking as an. ,?,
Government of China furnished a subsidy of 400,000 yuan
endowment for the society.
There'are nine directors and 1,700 members of the
society.
Functions
(.) Publications
(2) Establishment ..of the Ming-fu Library
(3) Establishment of a flora and fauna research
iety is located on; the , ;,
(~) Improvement of scientific
(5)
education
(6). Cassficat, ion of scien
Personne-
Head of the board of directors
Permanent; s taf f
Meteorological Society of China
a General
?
JEN Hung-sul
.CHU? K t o-cheng
>(and? five others
r;;em ses of the:National
t
i
he p
n
with
This societyis
There were 11$ members as of
Institute of Meteorology, Nanking.
1935.
Personnel
President
Vice-president
secretary
OM Mo-cheng
CHIANG Ping-jan
CHU Ko-ch'i
Approved For, Release 199;9/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
Income is derived from membership fees, publications
and subsidies 'rpm the National Cstitute of Meteorology, the Ch"-
ing-tao Municipal Government, and the Ch'ing-tao Meteorological
Observatory.
D. National Meteorological Conferences (A)
Pertinent information on the two national conferences held in
1930 and 1935 is given here.
1.?'First Conference
The first conference was held on 16 Apr 1930 at-the
National' Institute of Meteorology,, Academia Sinica; Nanking.
Thirty-six representatives of 26 organizations attended the con-
ference.
The following were approved:
a., Establishment of uniform standards
b. Recommendation for broadcasts on nation wide weather
conditions from the National Institute of Meteorology
c. Exchange of reports on local weather conditions to
facilitate navigation on water and in the air
d. Establishment of standards for meteorological
observation apparatus throughout the nation
e. Recommendation for the establishment 'of a training
school for weather observers
f Recommendation for the compilation of nation wide
meteorological records
2. Second Conference
The second conference was held on 8 Apr 1935 at the-
National Institute of !Veteorology, Academia Sinica, Nanking.
Thirty-eight representatives of various organizations attended the
conference.
The following were approved:
Standard definition of "rainy weather""
When an hour or yday has 0.1 millimeter or more of
rainfall, that hour or day shall be called a "rainy
hour" or "'rainy day". If there is less than 0.1 milli-
meter of,rainfall, the term "cloudy weather" or "cloudy
day" shall be used.
14
law,
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 Approved For Release 1999/08/26 :CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
Standard time shall be based bn-'time at 120 degrees
east, lon&itud.e.
E. Relationship of carious leather Agencx~s and tat,ions.. A. ..
77 1
National Institute of Meteorology bservatories and
weather observation
iiav"ing,relat, onship through the co-operative
movement.
Approved For Release 1.999/08/25: CIA,RpP78-0,3109A000500010013'~O
by provincial recon-
struction departments
and agricultural ex-
n
t stations
perime
avan relationship through both' function and
urisc~iction
ailing relationship through function only
\ \ SLdL1Vi1~
aritime Customs
/weather observation
\ \ \ s at.i nns
1111`' Ir
1.
1
`t
f Uleather observation
1 I, - L_ L 1:_ L
/ ed"by provincial,
hsien, or city ad-
1% ministrations
Heather observation
stations establish-
ed by educational
institutions
Weather observation
stations establish-
ed by the Commission
on Aeronautical and
the 'China Affairs
National Aviation
;Corporation
~ /Stations established
by special com-
missions, such as
the river conserva-
tion and economic
commissions
tations established
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
II. WEATHER OBSERVATION STATIONS AND SUPERVISING AGENCIES
ical Observatories and Weather Observation Stations
Province Location
Kiangsu Nanking
(20)
Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai
Chen-chiang
'Crhen-chiang
Nan-t'ung
Hsiao-kuei-shan
(Steep Island)
Hua-niao-sl an-
pei-tao
(N Saddle)
Wu-sung
Chang-shu
Yu-shan
Tung-shan
:Wu-hsien
'Wu-hsi
Tung-t'ai
K 'un-shan
Huai-yin
Hsu-kou
"Hai-thou
(Tung-hai)
Chekiang Hang-chow
(9).
'Hang-chou
Yung-chia
-(Wen-thou)
Pei-yu-shan
Chen-hai
Ning-po
Hai-yen
K' an-men
Ch'eng-shan
Supervising Agency Elevation (m)
National Research Institute 67.9
of Meteorology
National Research Institute 23.1
of Meteorology
Hsu-chia-hui Astronomical 7.0
Observatory
Chinese Maritime pustoms
Department of Reconstruction
Chinese Maritime Customs 12.2
Chun-shan Meteorological 110.4
Observatory'
Mhinee Maritime Customs 62.8
Chinese Maritime Customs 72.5
Chinese Maritime Customs 3.7
Department of fceconstruction 90.8
Chinese Maritime Customs 53.3
Hsu-thou Wheat Raising Ex-;- 3.5
per.iment Farm
Ta-hu River Commission 16.0
Provincial Institute of 6.7
Education, Kiangsu Province
Yu-hua Plantation Company
Department of Reconstruction
6.8
Kiangsu Provincial School of 14.0
Agriculture
Kiangsu Provincial School of
Fish ry
China ational Aviation
Corporation
College of Agriculture, 19.0
National University of
Chekiang
Commission on. Aeronautical
Affairs
Chinese Maritime Customs 4.3
Chinese Maritime Customs
Chinese Maritime Customs
Chinese Maritime Customs
Tung-fang-ta-chiang
(Harbor. Commission)
K' an-tr4en Meteorological
tat on, Coast' Guard
Adjmi,nis t rat ion
Ch'eng-shan Meteorological
81A.. 3
3.7
Station, Coast Guard Administration
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 199910:8/2'5 : CIA-RDP78-03109A000560610013-0
Fukien
(9
ung ing-tao ` Chinese Maritime CustorAs
(Chapel Island)
Hsa-men hinese Maritime Customs
C
(Amoy)
Hsia-men
Tung.-yung
Fu-chou
Fu-thou
Tuna-ch!uan
(Middl'e 'Dog)
Wu-ch' L -shi
(Ockseu)
Niu-shin-tao7
Shensi Hsi-an
Hsi-an
(2)
Kansu Lan-thou
(2) Lan-thou
`-8hantung' Ch'ing-tao
(9) Ch'ing-tao
54.9
4.9
College of Science, University
17.7
of ' Amoy `
Chinese Maritime Customs
42.5
Chinese Maritime Customs
64.9
Chinese Maritime Customs
59.1
Chinese Maritime Customs
19.8
Middle School of Agriculture
s,nd Forestry ..
Chinese Maritime Customs
109.8
Provincial Station at Hsi-an
395.0
China- National Aviation
Kans-u Provincial Station
155.6
China National Aviation
'Qgrporat ion
National. Research Institute. of
Jge_teorology
China National Aviation,
Corporation
Ch?"ing-tao;Municipal Observatory
7$.6
China National Aviation
Corporation
Reconstruction Department-of
53.9
Shantung Province
Chinese Maritime Customs
12.5
Chinese Maritime Customs
53.9
Chinese.-Maritime Customs
3.0
Chinese Maritime Customs
2.5
Chinese MaritimeCustoms,
89.6
National Research Institute
of
154.5'
.:;-Meteorology
Hopeh
(10)
Mo-na-tad
(S E Prom)
Ch' ens-shan-
t'ou
(N E From)
Chefoo
We i-hai-wei
Hou-chi-tao
T'ai-shan
Chi-nan
'(Tsinan)
Tien-thing -Hwa Pei River Commission,:.
(Tientsin) .
Tien-thing 'China National Aviation .Corporation
Sao-t' ing '?!.ing-fang-ta-chiang
Ta-ming ' Provincial Agricultural Experiment
Station
Pao-tang ' Provinci&l College of-Agriculture,
Peking National Research Institute of
;. Meteoro ogy at- 'Peking
Peking., "National Tsing-hua University
T'. and-ku nese Maritime -Ca1stoms, -
Chin-huang- Chinese Maritime Customs.
`taa
Shan-hai-kuan Chinese Maritime Customs
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0'
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
Henan,
(5)
Hsin-yang
,The Second Provincial Bureau of
Agriculture and Forestry
K'ai-feng
Shen-hsien
.Honan Province Reconstruction
Department
115.0
Shansi
Lo-yang
Cheng-chow
Ta-yuan
National Research Institute of
Me ea?"logy at Lo-yang
National' Research Institute of
Meteor. glogy .at Chen-chou
Yang-ch"u School of Agriculture
805.0
(1)
(Yang-ch'u)
Cha-ha-erh Kalgan
(1),
Suiyuan. Kuei-shui
1
Anhwei Wu-hu
(2),. An-ch'ing
Hupeh Hankow
(5) Wu-ch'ang
I-ch'ang
I,-ch'ang
aha-ship
Kiangsi Chiu-chiang
(6) Chiu-chiang
Nap-ch' eng
Nan-ch'.ang,
Chi-an
Chang-shu
Hunan Chang-sha
(5) Ch'ang-te
Chung-yang
Yueh-yang
(Yueh-chou)
Ch'ang-sha
Szechwan
?(6)
Ch' eng-tu
Ch'eng-tu
Chung-chiang
(Chungking)
Provincial School of Agriculture
at Kuei-shui
Chinese Maritime Customs
21.3
Department of Reconstruction 31.6
Chinese Maritime Customs 26.0
National Wu-han University 44.1
China National Aviation Corporation
Chinese 'Maritime Customs
Chinese Maritime Customs
China National Aviation Corporation
commission on Aeronautical Affairs
Commission on Aeronautical Affairs
Commission on Aeronautical Affairs
Kiangsi Conservancy Bureau
45.7
Cotton Experiment Farm 90.0
Cotton Experiment Farm 55.0
Cotton Experiment Farm 64.0
Hunan-Hu.peh Hydrometric Sts,t,Lon. 76.2
Chinese ?Maritime Customs
National. Szechwan University
China National Aviation Corporation
Chinese Maritime Customs
Chung-,eh'ing The Chun -hsin Farm
Chung-chiing" Western China Technical School
Wan-hsien China Nitional Aviation Corporation
Kwangtung Hongkong Royal.Brithish Observatory
(13) Lin-kao Chinese Maritime Customs
Ch'iung-chou Chinese Iaritime Customs
Pei-hai Chinese Maritime Customs
Che-lang- Chinese 1aritime':Customs
chiao
491.0
230.1
27-2'. 2
4.0
2.7
4.3
27.7
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 Approved For Release 1 9 9 4/0 8725 : CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
Kwangtung
(13)
Shih-pei-shan' Chinese Maritime Customs
oint)
(Brea k P er
s
t
C
8.8
(Cont'd)
om
us
Kuang-chow Chinese Maritime
(Canton)
Kuang-chou National Sun Yat-sen University
13.4
San-shut Chinese Maritime Customs
9.1
Tung-p'eng-tao Chinese' Maritime Customs
58.2
(Lammocks)
stoms
C
iti
3.4
Shantou
u
me
Chinese Mar
Kwanesi.
(Swatow)
Kuang-chow Bay
Tung-sha-tao
Liu-chou
Chinese Maritime Customs
Coast Guard Administration
Kwangsi Aviation Bureau
-
1
66
(4)
Lung-ning
Chinese Maritime Customs
)
.
2
Nan-nine
(data not available
14 l7
Yuwnan
Wu-chou
K'un--ming
Chinese Maritime Customs
The I-te Meteorological Station
1893.0
(2) of K'un-ming
7
16
33.
T'eng-ch'ung .Chinese Maritime'Customs
(Teng-yueh
Weather Observa,tion and Supervising-Agencies (B)
.Location
(G ) (0)Elevation(m) Supervis-
ng Agency
1 Lin.-ka o"* 2000 10942 4.0'~4
.
2 Ch'iung-chou*(Ch'iung-shan 200111016 2.7",-1-
**
3 Pei-hai4
2128 10905 4.3
Lung-thou
2222 10645 266.1%R
Che-gang-chiao*
5
2240 11540 27-711*
,
6 Shih-pei-shan%='(Breaker Point)
2256 11630 17.1;-?
7 San-shut5', .
2306 11254 9.1**
8 Kuang-thou', (Canton)
2306 11318 8.8**
9 Tung-p'eng-tao'* (Lammocks)
2316 11717 58.2;:
10 Shan.-t'ou" (Swatow)
2321 11640 3.4*^
11 Tsang-thou (Wu-thou)
2338 11117 10.7: %*
12 Tung-ting-tao'l (Chapel Island)
2410 11830 45-941*
13 Hsia-men's-' (Amoy)
2426 11804 4.9*
,-
:
14
T'eng--ch'une (T'eng-yueh)
;
2500 9840 1633.7
15
Wu-ch'iu-shu%* (Ockseu,)
2500 11927 62.5;;
16
Niu-shan-tab* (Turnabout)
2526 11956 64-94,-,";-
17
Tung-ch'uan* (Middle Dog)
2558 11959 59.1-
18
Fu-chow= (Foochow)
2559 11927 19.8-;;;
19
Tung-yung*
2633 12030 109.7,,-'
=
20
Yung-chia* (Wen-chou)
?
2801 12038 4.3'
21
Chang-sha%`
2812 11247 60.0
22
Pei-yu-shan%`
2853 12216 82.3*,;;
23
Yueh-yang '(Yueh-chau)
2924 11310 76.2.i;
24
Chung-ch!ing* (Chungking)
2933 10633 217.1;;?
25
Chiu-chiang*
2945 11608 21.5 ' ,~
26
Ch n-hai%~ 2953 12133 3.7` ;:
6
&-
27
2.
Hsiao-kuei-shan'- (Steep Island) 301.3 12235
"=
3035 11418 27 5
28; Han-k'ou* (Hankow)
29 .I-oh'ang; 3043 11113 57.2,-
30 Tai-chi-shan* (Gut'zlaff) 3049 12210 75.3'-
NOTE: , ,,''Chinese Maritime Customs
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0 .
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
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Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25,: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 `0~ O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0
o N N N 0 0 0
O 0? 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N o o N o o N
o` `0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N
N N N I N N N
N, N I 1 N N I
N N N N N N
~ I. N N t l
N N N N N
N N N N N hC N
N N 5C C,' N
N N N N '4,N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N.N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N.N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N
N N N N,N N N
N N -N' N N N N
N N N N N N N
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
o 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
o o O O O
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N 1 N N
N N N N N
N 1 I N I
M N 1 N N
N N.N N k
N N N N
P N
M N N N N
N.N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
.,N N .N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
N N N N
N N N N
N I N
N N N N
1 N N N
N N >4 N
N N N N
N N..N.N
N N N N
N M N N
N N N N
N N N N
N N N N
N N N N
N N N N
N N N N
O O
N; N
1 N
1. N
N N
N N
N N
N N
k -k
N M
N N
M N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
N N
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-0310,9A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP78-03109AO00500010013-0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
H H >4 H 5?: H
0 0 0 o
0 O 0
?4 >4 >4
d 0 0.0 0
0 0 0 0,0
>4 I >4 >4 H.
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
I ! I .1 I I. >4. 1 I >4 >4
H. H, >4.,.H ,M .H .>4. >4 >4 14 >4 >4
>4 k . I !4 >4 >4 E4 >4 >C >4 >4 >4
y>4. b4 >4 >4 H >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 H .>4
>4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 sti
H i ! , ! 64 >4 >4 . >4 f >4 1 >4 X
>4 >~, >4 >4 >4 k P4 . >4 >s H > i >4 P4
>4 . k H , >4 >4 H >4 H. >? >4 >4 >4 >4
>4 >4 Y S4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4. >4
O 0 Q 0? 0 0 Q 0 0
0.01Q.Q 0.0000
0 0 Q Q .. 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.0
O 0 Q O O O
>4 I, . ,H 1 >4
hf..h4. 1> I 1 .' >4
H-k4.H>4.k;.>1,H H
0 0.0 0 9 0 0Q
>4 >4 >' H I H
H H
>4 >4 >4 1 H H H
>4 >4
H k >4 1 >4 H H
>4 H
>4 >4 >4 Icy >4 >4 >4
>4 H
0 0 0 0 0 0 c_ 0 '0 0 0 0
0.0 0. 0-?O..o. 0 0, 0 0 0 0
000000,00000,0
O 0 0 0 Q O O 0.0 0 0 0
H >4 H 8 >4 8 >4 H . H K H 8
0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0
>4 >4 >4 >4 H H H H H. H >4 >4 1. H
>4 >4 54 K . I >4 i >4 K >1 >4 1 >4 >4
>4 >4 I H 1 >4 >4 >4 1'1 I >4 >4
>4 - H H >4 >4 >4 H >4 >4 >4 >4 >4
>4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4
>: >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 .H H >4 H:.H
H k ..H 14 >4 >4 k H >~ I >4 >4 .
>4 14 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >1 >4 H .? 4
>4 >4 H >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 H >4 >4 H
>4 H H 1; >4 H H H H H >4
>4. >4 >4? >4 H .H >4 rY >4 H >4 H
k >4 >4 >4 >4 ?4 >4 >4 >4 >4, >4 >4
F4 H m >4 H>4 H 8 k 8 >: H
>4 H >4 >4 >4 >4 p4 .>4 I.4 >4 M >4 I
>4 >4, >4 >4 >4 , H >4 >4 >4 >4 , >4 >4 .I
>4 H >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 H >4 >4 >4 ?4 I
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 Q c
M Mf M M M MMM N\V MM MMM MMMMMM
.tl1= I I_ I I 1 1 I_ I ! 1 i I 1 t i I I I
N M M M~MMMM MM t MME MCV MMMN M0 C\
MM~IMMCCI) N~10
sT CT m Cfi Ql CT C7l 7l C71 M,7) (Tl M d-V 01 M :3Z 01 Ol C3r,~ Cr,) O`. O't C,) Or,~ 7l 01
H rl ? ri r-i H H ; r-i r1' ri' ' ,-F H H r?I r-i r A H r-1 ri H H H H r-i r-4 H r-1 H
E3 vD a aD , ~, t u } - us cn Q 1.. 4. -VI co f 0
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uD U. ~D. r
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cn .,i C) Ai
Q O F c' .. i . y0. I cu -4. >~ f r+ 1 lD all .r-i a),
P Pi
iJy TA L= 1. U-.L-D ,a+.
f1 r-I N M LC' 0 f - 00 C31 "7 rl CU try f S1sD N- to L. 0 3 r i CUM DC) C 7 r-i Cl1
lC1 ~L 1 lCl lC1 to 1 I C ttl t11-A tD ~O ~O tf~ -0 -DA r-r refl- rD- rteN- Po. n.T bo to
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4ZI
,I ~/~u1
>4 >4 H 14 >4 >4 >4 . >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >c
cd
b0 c~ ti
UD ~i
44 ?ri
Approved For Release .1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 r
Approved For Release 1999/0a/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013--0
CPYRGHT
0 0 0 0 0 0 k k k k k 0 o 0 k 0 0 0 0 0
00000000 1 0000
0 Ot 0 0 0,6 k k k k k 0 0 .0 k 0 0 O 0 0
0 0,6 0 o O .x k k k V, o 0 k k 0 0 0 0 0
k k H 'M k k k k H' k k k k0 k k 0 0 0 0
000 , 000 1 t t r 00 1 0M0000 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 k k rC k k k o1k o k 0 0 0 0
O O 0 0 0 0 k k H k k 0 O !M 3 O o O O
k k N k l k l t 1 I t l i .k I l t 1 1 I
k. k k k k k k k o k k k k o 0
k k I I 'x
M, k l 1 k k M k Him k k k k k k k 1
k k f 4 k k k k k k k k k k 0 0 I k k
k k k k k k k k k k 1 I k k I I k 'k 1k
k k k kk k I I I 1 1` IA H I I I k k k
MW H k k k k k k k k k k k I k k k
k 1 k k,.X k k k k k k I 1 k I I I. I k k
k k k k k k k k k k k k~ k k k k k k k
k k k k k k k k Y, k k k k k k k k k k k
k k k. k k k k k k k k k k o k k k k k k
k k k k k k'k k k k k k k k k k k k k
k k k k k k k k k k k k ?S k k k k k k k
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k SS ,k
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
H k k k 8 k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
k k! k? k k k k S k k k k 5C
k ?~ k k k k ?~ k k k k k k k k k k k k
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
H k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
k k N k k k k k k k fm k k k k k 4 k
k k k k k k k k k H k k k k k k k
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0
k H k k k k k k k 64 k k k k k k k k k
k k k k k. k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
N-
Nti
'.O "'0 'Z to W i,D to to O N1~D O~ Q1 N1 N1
N1 r1 M1 MN"1N1tl1N)r+5N1rI N7rr1r4 r-I MN,
n 1 0 dl N^1 n d r Llllp ) lfl I In f1 -1,0 1n1j r'I r'I
N N') N} V\ N rh ) r-1 7 r-I N 7 7 r-l 0 ) W N) N'\
Oti tr-I J1% 0") 71 O1 01 C7i O, 01 d1 C71% sr0 Q7 O's
r-1 r?I r i r-I _r I r-I r-I r4 H r-A i-1 r-I r-I r-I H H r-I r-I r!
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I
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rpn4bononow1100-)
-N ?,-I o .:1
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0 Li
rl N N\~- Lt1~ N l~ Ql '~ r-4
N
010101010161ma,U1 'I 2
54 -
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
o 0 0 0 0 0
o -o 0 0 0
k k k k o
0 o 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
O ti 0 0 0 0,
f l I t k k
0 0 0 0 t'C 0
I I I I
k k k k k
k l I k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k l I k k k
k k k I k k
k k k k k
k k k k k k
H k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
0 0 k o k
k k k k k k
k k k k k k
r-I L'1' N M
N1 N'h N1 N1
I) J (\J r-1
Nl N1 tY 1 N1 N1 N1
c a-"r~I a\0 O\
9~
n ~ n n n
H ri r-A rI r-I r-4
Approved For. Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved for Release 1999108/25: CIA-RDP78-031.09A00050001001.3-0
CPYRGHT
Part .2. WEhTii R AG FC ES IN iLt CHURIA
OUTLI i- E Oki i,w' EORO OGIC.~L ...,OP.K IN iiia.TCHURIn ? (E)
'lliet , work in l a rnrja was begun in 190L during the
Russo-Japanese War with , the , estabji.Qhmexit. of special weather observa-
tion stations belonging to the Central ieteorological Observatory
of Japan. Station at Ta-lien (Dairen) and station 7 at Ying-k'ou
were est~ bl e .n 4ug l9.Q f. Station g at Shen-yang (Eukden) was
established,4,41r,19_05- The following month, a branch station of
the,Ta-1je,u (Dairen) Special Leather Observation Station was opened
t
a
Ryojun (Port & thur).
These, gpecial weather observa,tioi~ . sta.tjons were subse
uentl
q
y
transferred the Hnttg Government-tGueral when it wa.s organized.
in Sep 9~6 The sttl,ons +. Chia-mu-ssu 469
35. .ring-ang--ch' i 4710
36. Fu-chin 4714
37. Lung--Chiang (Tsitsihar) 4722
38. Hai-lun 4726
39. Cha-lan-ttun 4501
4O! K,o-shad 4804
41, .8.1 m4-ku-lang 4814 11516
42. Po-k' o-t' u 4646 12144
43. Hsing-fin. 4930 12140
44. ii.ien-tu-ho 45u6 12103
45. Hu-lun (Hailar) 4914 .1194
(45) Hu-lun (Hailar) 4913 11944
46. Ch'i-k'o-t'e 4915 12825
47. Lu-pin (Han-chou-1i) 4935 11726
(47) Lu-pin (14an-chow-1i) 4935 11726
? Hei-ho 5015 12729
Elevation (m)
16.1
97.3
73.3
3.7
370.9
357
44.3
(1211.4)
572.4
93.0
174.0
164.0
498.0
120.7
115.5
692.0
183.0
215.7
gg.9
512.4
178.4
561.7
240.3
241.0
690.3
210.3
151.0
135.7
150.5
141.5
214.6
100.0
147.1
544.5
96.4
149.3
77.0
147.2
25b.7
315.6
225.2
590.0)
695.9
992.1
705.0
609.7
620.6
tt99O.8)
6+6.3
640.7
132.3
Approved For Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
12113
12138
12402
1221?
11756
12252
12106
12324
11613
11854
12404
12931
12420
13102
12822
12329
12330
11830
12235
12518.
13114
13109
12543
13o41
12936
12936
12551
12804
12245
13145
12639
12639
13035
12933
1251
1211
13021
12349
13159
12355
12659
12244
12552
 Approved For Release 1999/00,/25 : CIA-RDP78-031 09A000500010013-0
1
t ?49 ~
14'7
F,4 fl
;q, ?:566 ~Ysl 7,? Y?{/(
fog .:tt'1J~r5S >
1Q4 t% J, .~.Yti 154 79 -
A ? 4u+3 v ~
Note: Numbers with 1ar er circles indicate observatories
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
5
A'c~
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
2.
14.
15.
16.
.
17-
'118.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25,
26.
27.
28.
29.
We tither Observticn stations
Yung-chi
67.
Lin-Chung
T' u-men..-J, i ng
'6g.
Hui-nan
Chiu-t+ai
T'ung-hua
Hung-an
_73-
Iuan-rj en
Fu-yu
74.:
k'uan-lien
Yu-shu
75?
i-tune,
0-mu
76.
Hsiu-yen
Hua-lien
_L7 -
Chuang-ho
P' an-shih
79,
Trai-yo-chteng
I-t'.ung
$0.
Hai-ch'eng
slung-chu-ling
e,1.
Liao-yang
Chang-ling
92.
rising-Ching
Oh'ien-an (Ch'ang-fa-t'un
S .
Ch'ing-yuan
K'ai-thong
Shan-ch'eng-chen
Li-ch'uan
~5,
Hai-lung
Chen-tune,
861
'Tung-fene,
Ta-lai
Tai-lai
87. 'Hsi-an. r.si-feng
Ching=hsing
92.
Liao-chung
Kan-nan
23-,,
Chang-wu
,u-yu
-
y95?
Hei-shan
I-an
J-7.
P' an-shan
piing-shui
99.
Chin-hsien
jai-ch'uan
100.
Hsine,-ch+eng
T'ung-pei
101.
Sui-Chung
Pei-an
102,
Cklao-yang
le-tu
104.
Iring-yuan
1 a-ho
105.
Chien-ch'ang
1\un-Chiang
106.
Ch'ing-lung
Ou-p' U
107.
Ping-chIuan
1,.ua-chuan
1,08.
Lo-p' ing
;hang-yuan
110.
Feng-nine,
I-1,9.n
111.
Wei-ch'ang
Tung-ho
113.
Ching-p' eng
Sui-pin
114.
Lin-tune,
T+ung-chiang
115.
Lu-pei
F.u-yuan
116.
k'ai-lu
1,.u-leng
117.
Yai-man
Nine,-an
11g.
Tung-k'o-Chung-ch'i
Ching-po-hu
119.
Tung-liao
Jei-ho
120.
Ta-erh-han
z-ch'eng
121.
Wang-yeh-miao
ru-lan
122.
Ch' a-erh-shen
Pa-i
123.
Cha-lai-t h e
TunL-hsing
-'r25-
Pu-hsi
T' ieh-ling,
126.
Pa-yen-ch'i
Sui-hua
127.
Lu--pin (i:an-chou-1i)
gang-k'uei
128.
Hu-lun (Hailar)
An-ta
129.
.h-mu-ku-lane
Chao-chou
130.
Fsing-an
Wu-ch'ang
131.
So-tun
Wang-chine,
132.
Lin-hsi
Hun-ch'un
133.
To-lun
,u- sung
132+.
Ch' ih-f eng (V1u-12n-ha-ta)
4.
3b.
2.
3.
A4.
50.
51
52.
53?
54.
55?
56.
57?
56-
59 ?
bU.
61.
62.
63-
64.
65.
bb.
- 60
Key to iiap Showing Locations of
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 199,9/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
135. Ch'eng-te
136. Hei-ho
.137.' Chi i kY o-t'.O
13g.' o--shah
1 9 Pin-chitin' (Harbi-n)'
140. Ch' ang-ch'un -(Hsi:niking)
1-}1. r`isi-pt ing-chieh
1,42. Shen-Yang (hukden, Feng-t'ien)
11.3. , Ying-k' ou
11+x+. Chi a-m-- s su
11+5. P' o-1i
1460 NU-tan - Chiang
17+7. Kao-ling-tzu
118.. Yei-phi, (Chu=tzu-ehieh)
149. Fu-chin
150. tai-shan
151. Sui-fen-hp
152, Tung-ning
153? 'u-men-tzu
151+. Feng-huang-ch' eng
155. . n-shari
156. Fu-shun
157. K'ai-yuan
l S . , Tun-hua
159. Chien-chia-tien
160. ^'ao-non
161, Jung-Chiang (Tsitsihar)
162. Ha. ?.un
61
-Approved for Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release19:9.9/08/25 CJA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
12 48
are the
N Q'DE, c.ith the e.yce tion of the station at ran shan, the
--root of the t orbs ire q . e.ct,I under the Agri--
cultural Department of the South i.a.nchurian Rail-
The following are under the i,-anchukuo Government:
Location .r (o') E (ot)
4-king ' 4355 1251$
{Central meteorological Observatory)
He i-ho 5015 12.729
H sr--i?,* 4355 12518
la-erh (Hulun--Haila.r)4913 11944
-4hgn-yang*' (i ukden) 4147 12324
,psi- ling-kai* (asu- 4311 12420
1v01+~; Stations with asterisks indicate thQse_ formerly
ping-chieh)
Ying k' ou' 4040 12214
bidet the., jurisdiction of the Kwantung i?ieteoro-
logicah Observatory.
Ole #ollowing are under the Forth i?:anchurian Railroad
Fin-c1iang (Harbin)
.11an ' (San-hying)
ink- ling
Itu-t Tl C11icZ3
C6= .- h' i
R an t
? uu
.
~'ak'Qt~u
Lu;-pin (Han-chot-li )'
IIA'6 to= o
Uu-iun IIailar)
i1 (o') E (o1)
4432 12543
47+33 13041
4435 _ 12936
4545 .1263$
1+620 1293 }
4624 12 l
47710 1237+9
4901
~# 12244
49 12103
14 1194
c 11,7,2
435
Approved' For Release: 1,999/08125; : =CIA-RDP78-03109AQ00500010013-0
We5,the r_A?encies and Subordinate Stations (F,G)
'Linder the aouth Ianchurian Railroad Company
followiii weather observation stations:
,=ocFt'i_Qn
'shan.
T! ao-nan
J, n.- chian
$i n-chi a,ng
pia-liar}
Tang-huan-ch' eng
He:.-lung
Turf-hua,
H i .4-ytteh-ch eng
Li ao-yang
).T (o'
4104
1+236
14332
33
452
0
4722
445
1+726
4026
4226
4323.
4013
4116
433i
there
E (o?.)
L2252
121+04
12329
11840
122 5
1
263$
1
12658
12402
12555
12$22
12211
12310,
Kung-chit-ling
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
0 +?
-4 ca
,-- U1, .zt O .~ 111 a1 r-I I-- u1 t!1
0 H N -I h+'1 _ N N N N N r-1 N r-
0 O1 CJ1 U1 61 01 O1 O1 Ol O1 Ol ~1 31
~' .H r-1 r-I r-I r-N .-4 -4 ri r-I r 4 r^) r-1 r
Fi i~ fti ..
n
cd (1)
A N r-1 r4 r{ r-I .-1 r-I r-1 r-+ r-1 r?1 r-t r-I
9i rl V 8 --t 00 0 0
O
o
-4 I'D 0 N-) bo
4~ N OIN m 6l ~
N ri N
O a)
?ri r-1
?r,
C
v
O o rl r", N l r-i `4 C J NTh r'1
0
a)
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N Iv l 111 w K1 -
N N N N N N N N
W r-i ri r1 r -q r'-{ r-1 r-i r1
0
qD ?r+
(~.. 4
zn a)
r-i
0
0
s~
0
4-3
co 4~
'~ ?ri CJ
E-4 a
(a era rr] ed
rte{ H E ,(I r! I
Ua D O li ? ~+
cd
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4-1
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Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1.999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013,-0;
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Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved FofRelease 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A0005Q0010013-0
CPYRGHT
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.,Approved For Release 1-99'9/08/2 IA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
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Approved For Release 1999/O -RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved for Release 1999/08/25 :`C1A?RDP78=03109A00050001`0013-0a.
CPYRGHT
Part 3. 1FAT 1 AG 1 vOILS Ii' FOR '0 A
~ ATi- R OBSL ,VATION 3TAT'IONS IN FOII OSA
Approved For Release,' 999/08/25*: A-"R[DP78 O3'f09A00o5 0010013-
 PYRGHT Approved For Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
Mace Showing Locations of the Formosa Government-General heteorninpi 1
ySO4yato A Weather Qbservatj.on Stations, azia min Gauge Stations
. y5 1
a a 29 ?~ `t.
~:, ~L?~ 31 ~ , IE Q!7- H
IL_ _'o [ _ iv-
+ -1" 3 J /1 ` r~
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,-?erovincial gound.aries "'.~ ?'~U;,
.41
G Lighthouses l / fit,
Elbc !
Legend
? 1 1 1 r-C
4~ f .' ? ` i
t~ 122 ~15`L (,Ih
Rain gunge tations
ys~
Il;
TN: Number SO is not listed; I
only entry is "closed"
9 Observatory s and stations g 1
12O
aJ
1,~Karenko
7.14" '~A17
04 i .c}
Ta to he
Takao Shu
~6
619
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25 : CIA-RDP78-03109A00050001.0013-0
General Meteorological Observatory, wveathtr Observa ton
xev to; 7iap Showing Locations of the` Formosa Government
Stato.ris,
`aihoku Meteorological observatory of Government
~. Takao Weather Observation Station
Koshun Weather Observation_ Sta tiori
T,aito Weather Observation Station
Kirin Lighthouse
12. hokasho, Weather Observation Station
15. Daitonzan Sub-station
16. , Da.ibu Sub-station
17. Shinko Sub-station
above observatory and stations 'make hourly
Observatiot.s or six observations a day.
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-031O9A006040010b43-0^:
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25 : CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT.. ;...
Key to hap Showing Locations of Lighthouses
No Place
Fukikaku'Lighthouse
2- Tansui Lighthouse
3. Bitokaku Lighthouse
4. Sanshokaku Lighthouse
5.
Hakusako Lighthouse
Thkao Lighthouse
7? Garanbi Lighthouse
8. Gyooto Lighthouse
Tokichisho Lighthouse
90
15,;
44
37
57
49
NOTE: The above lighthouses make, three weather observa-?
tions daily.
- 71 -
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08125: CIA-RDP78-03.109A00050001001-3-0
CPYRGHT
39. Kansai 136
8
250
15
255
9g
174
25
35
303
Tairyo 152
Taih.yo 242
izari 76
zm,ogan 470
Tensopi 129
Ike' nohata. 1153
Sankyaku 752
Suigen 1360
Dainano 26
Nanshi 424
27. PiyananIambu 1984
+2 Sorg 45
29; Shinshoshi 70
30. Chureki 136
31. Hakkai 145
Heichin 173
33 Koko 106
31+. Suiryuto 340
35. Ryutan 227
36. Doraken 300
37. Kappanzair 437
38, Shinchiku 13
Chikuto 114
a. Nai ohei z an 545
909
506
273
262
337
206
Approved For Rele se 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A0005G0010013w0
46.
47.
4s.
49
42, - kiame - 1575
43. Kayahara 789
44. Takonan 910
52. Takuran
53? Getsubi
tow
o'14ap Showing Locations ."og Rain Gauge Stations
Taiyakan
Nan she
3yoritsu
Rokujo
Oryuzan
Sozan
Dandan
Kashoryo
Shirin
Rinkosho
Tomitacho
Sekitei
Sekitei
Heirin
Dojo
Smnkyo
Kokut'su
Elevation
1455
205
46
50 ? Taiko
51. Sansa
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
No
Place Tame
Elevation (m)
54.
T ai ko
45
55-
Tosei
357
56.
Toyoh,-ra
211
57.
Kiyomi zu
10
58-
Sh0rei
2100
59.
Suitei.ryo
495
6o.
Hakurei
610
61.
Taito
7
62.
Gokanzan
3070
63.
Oiwake
2295
64.
Shoka
13
65.
Iiokkokei
310
66.
1486
67.
i:oko
2864
69.
husha
1149
69.
Inrin
40
70-
Saiakai seki
94
71-
Dai.,tojo
439
72.
I,,andai:
1220
73-
Churyo
170
3ukai
786
75-
Sui sha
752
76.
Nirin
10
77.
Ke i shut
50
79-
Bishi
100
79.
Shushu.
220
go.
L.Tl': name not
only entry is
listed;
I'closed117
591
81.
Sho.hanten
477
82.
Ilashi t arun
1573
g3?
Namahaban
816
94.
Hatt sule
an
2818
95?
,
Rintnai
100
g6.
Toroku
4s
97-
Kobi
24
88.
Hokko
9
99.
Yoyorin
1121
go.
T ake z alci
129
91.
Shojuhei
424
92.
Sanshi cho
55
93.
Kagi
31
94.
Koden
792
95-
Tappan
939
96.
Yan se i
18
97-
Taiho
297
9,g,
Ensui
15
99.
Zendalho
45
100.
I iat o
6
101.
Tamai
61
102.
Shinka
11
103,
Nanka
114
104.
Kido
30
105.
I agatun
909
lo6:
Gang.
667
107-
Ronlo
405
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 ,Approved For Relea a 1999/08/25: CIA-.RDP78-03109A000500010013-0'
12,
\1o8.
109..
110.
111.
112.
113;
114
115a
116:
117,
11?
1.9
120,
121,
122,,
121+.
125
126.
127.
12$ -
129-
1:30.
131.
132.
133-
_134.
135.
136.
137.
.138.
1 9.
140.
1141.
11+2.
143-
144.
145
146.
117.
14$.
1~?9.
,151.
152.
153
154.
Place Name
Elevation
Kosen
273
Shinn
150
Chu Iun
40
Xizan
46
Shinsui
61
Tokubun
84$
Heito
28
Hozs
15
Kuwa ru su
1060
Sekizan
24
Baisha
$18
oongari
697
Ri,kir ikisha
550
Toko
5
;liai shit o
613
Bozan
5
Boti-.nsha
364
K,n.upa.n
19
Kurzru
242,
Hoppo
20
hsahi
2150
;aura,
20
Tinan
142
Kotobuki
67
Hayashida
112
Horin
118
Iiarihashi
16$
Ka,miyamat o
155
Da.iichi ' mato.
19o
Yamato
180
Shirakawa
170
iii zuho
.121
Ihohoru
727
Tamsato
129
TQi izato
221
Kominato
15
Sakusaku
1430
Ikegami
273
Haitotowan
299
I wawa.n
50
D,-dnan
129
Chipvon
391+
Karad :ran
667.
Ki nko
348
Shussuiha
790
Kashoto
10
Kotoshe
12
Approved For Release 1999/08/25 CIA-RDP7$-03109A000500010013-0'
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25
CPYRGHT
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r1 Ill-t r i N H -' u'l O N i-r% 0 rl rr1 N
N N N N NN 0 H N 0 N N N N N C V N N N r-i
H r-i H r1 r--4 r-i r-1 r-{ r1 r-I r-i r-i r-i r'i r-i ri r-i r-1
Approved For Release 199,9/08/25: CIA-,RDP78-03109A00050001.001341,
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013,-0
CPYRGHT
Number of days of precipitation,
hail (light,, heavy), li&htning. &.
thunder, clear -days, cloudy, days
sinless days, storey day:;, frost,
fog.
Wind direction and ve.oci~y (mean
velocity, prevailing wind direc-
tion, maximum wind veloci.'~,y, most k b4 k ?; k k k P4 ML k k
prevailing wind direction, hour)
Evaporation k ~q k k k k k
Amount of precipitation o-; ~; k k k k k k. k
Number of bioursof sunshine
Amount of cloud k H k k k k k k k
Humidity k k. k k k k k k k k k
Vapor tension k k k k k aC k k k k k
,Air temperature (average,.
maximum & minimum) k k k k k k k k k k k
Atmospheric .pressure k k k k k k k k k'k k
4,
o 0
P, 4-D 4ZI
cd
I
10
0 E o
4-> 0
o A U 9 0 0 N
H .H .H CO. 1 ' 4 -
( 5
4 ,0 X cd o a3 cD a
E+ Et M Ea (0 A x
76
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
 - 10013-0`
~p0~roved Fo j ease 1909/08f25': CAA-R 78.Q3'l" 9 OQ05p00
Li thouses and pain'Gau e Stations Makin
on Both Air Temperature an i 'Precipitation (H)
Garanbi*
Gr OotO-
IiadiliyaIAa t o
Erakusako*
Shinchiku
Kayahara
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
4 -a
.4 ?m
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A?000500010013-0
CPYRGHT
(D I
19 'a
4 o
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-031-09A000500010013-0
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0;
Stations Raking Seismological observations-(H)
Formosa 1eteorol?gical observatory
ILQ shun
Taco
Karenko
Shinchikiu
Gi ran
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 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
End of DOCU52NTS BRANCH TRANSLATION No 73?7
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A000500010013-0
DB 28S677
Outline _of I.eteorolo
in China, North China Liaison
e0ion, l China xf#mair>,,,Board, Sep .1939?
eteoro.o ,ical ate. on :ast Asia Vol China, Central
I4eteorolo;ica1 Observatory of Japan, Nov 1941.
270969
@search Inetituto, Oct 1940.
S , of the Yellow River - I e eorolo y, East. Asia
~irector'lte of Reconstruction, National Government,
,.reci itation in North Cline., Vol I JI, III and I
V,
cal observatory of t1e Kwantun? Government-General,
May 1931
leteo plo ie Report on iianchurie.. 123 0
), Meteorologi-
DB 252370
Feb 1940.
DB 253266'
etgoxalggical Data on
East Asia Research Iatitute, Feb 1942.
PP 311575
Observatory of the Formosa Government-General, Jul
1941.
fil et o a ica1 Rej ort No 1 on Formosa. Iieteorological
port No 3, 1936,
ricu tural Department, South Manchuria Railroad
Co, Ih:ar 1936.
391577
231469, 336752