'ZAOCZNY' CURRICULUM AND PROFESSORS AT THE LAW FACULTY OF WARSAW UNIVERSITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 7, 1999
• Sequence Number: 305
• Publication Date: May 10, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
U.S. Officials Only
CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT 25X1A
COUNTRY Poland
SUBJECT 'Zaoczny' Curriculum and Professors at the Law Faculty
of Warsaw University
PLACE ACQUIRED
(BY SOURCE)
DATE ACQUIRED 25X1A
(BY SOURCE)
TMI~ DOGYYInV tOMf11Ni I6I65WT io.-.1 FWf nY 1. a n.T, O..1 0110.11
01 Till UNITIO STATIS. .I T.I. TNINIA.1.1 OF TIT1.I I1. ACTIONS 791
AND 114. OF 1.11 U.I. COOS. AS ANSOOCO. ITS TN.n1.11110N ON SRI[.
1ATION 01 ITS C0NTINTS TO ON NIC11.T IT AN UNAUTn0NIIIA P1.100 11
THIS Is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
DATE DISTR. /Q May 1954
NO. OF PAGE-S,5
NO. OF ENCLS.
SUPP. TO
REPORT NO.
1. "Under the Communist re ime in Poland too ki.ndE of university law studies
now exist side by side information dated ~:
The systematic curriculum along the normal rules and
pattern. The Polish term for this kind of curriculum
is now: 'Star jonarny' .
(b) The curriculum 'in absentia'. The Polish term is
'Zaocz 21.
2. "The second method of studies - Zaoczny - was introduced to give people
with practical knowledge the opportunity to acquire theoretical. knowledge.
Because the Communist regime has been doing a lot of purging within the
lawyers' ranks - not only among judges but also among those employed. in
various legal administrative departments - many CP members with so-called
'practice, have been attending this kind of study 'i.n absentia'. However,
the number of students enrolled for this kind of study recently decreased.
The CP prefers to recruit its legal administrative personnel fro 5X1X
young.- generation rather than re-educate the older generation.
that, at the; utmost, 106 only of the law students are now following this
Zaoczny method.
3. "The Zaoczny curriculum is adapted to practical knowledge. Students are
not obliged to go through all items on the regular curriculum. The educa-
tion system is organized so that the students receive every second month e.
list of subjects with a methodical guide. The students must send in every
weak short written dissertations on the topics studied. They must -port
for consultations with professors on the various subjects. They also must
pass special colloquy e2mminations every spring before being admitted to
the final examinations every year in June or September.
U.S. Officials only
CONFIDENTIAL
DISTRIOUTION N STATE ARMY NAVY I AIR FBI
This report is for the use within the USA of the Intelligence components of the ]Department, or
Agencies indicated above. It Is not to be transmitted overseas without the concurrence of the
originating office through the Assistant Director of the Office of Oollea ton and Dissemination, CIA.
Approved For Release 2001/09/11 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
 Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
CONFIDENTIAL
US OFFICIALS ONLY
4. "Each professor for the Zaoczny studies has a number of assistants, not only
to help in student consultations, but also to correct their written disserta-
tions. Another obligation of the professors is to organize lectures every
Sunday so that the students may attend.
5. "As'the-students in?all'these Zaoczny courses are recruited exclusively from
employed *people, they are entitled to 14 hours weekly paid free time from
their place of work. The curriculum for them is free, and no fees are
imposed for exam' nations, seminary enrollment or the like.
6. "At the Warsaw Law Faculty the following is the curriculum for a student
taking. 2adczny studiea6'
1. Lear OE Study:
History of the Polish State and Polish law -- the lecturer,
Professor Dr. Jakob Sawicki, is about 60. Very good in
his field. He is not a member of the CP. He is known
among the students as a Catholic who lives his religious
life in practice.
(b) Theory of States and laws -- The lecturer, Professor Dr.
/f g no i, is about. 40. Very good in his field.
Not a CP'mdmbek. For this subject two study textbooks
are used.. one by Professor Maneli; the second by Dr.
/-Nu7 Roimaryn'.
(c) The General History of State and Law -- The lecturer,
Professor Dr. Karol Koran, is excellent in his field.
He is about 50. Wits t CP affiliations. He in a
regular member of the Polish Academy of Science. His
own book -- in'four volumes -- is the basic textbook for
this subject. Before World War II Dr. Korany was a
university professor in Lwow. Until 1949-50 he was
Dean of the, University in Torun. He is very popular
among the ., ?udents.
(d) French Language -- The lecturer is Professor Dr. fln 7
Bartok, a Pole, who re-emigrated after World War. II from
rTance. He is about 35. He had studied in Paris.
. Of the Western languages, the
student may also elect English or German, in addition to
the French.
Russian Language -- The lecturer, Professor Dr. fln 7
Sokolowski. He is a Soviet, about 55. His wife Is
empl oyed 'in the Soviet General Consulate in Warsaw.
II. =R OF STUDY:
rronch and Russian are both obligatory subjects in the 'second:'
year of study. The following subjects are also given.
Civil Law and Civil Suits -- The lecturer is Professor
Dr. Witold Czachorski. He is about 48. An exert on
this type of law. He uses a textbook of which he is
the author. He holds the grade'of so-called 'candidate'
to the Polish Academy for Science. Popular. among students
for his 'English' manners. His wife. is a 4ell-known
actress.
CONFIDENTIAL
US OFFICIALS ONLY.
Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
 Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
colonel -- he became President of tine Supreme Military
Tribunal in Poland and also Judge in the Supreme Civi.l
Court' 'For some reason his star position appears to have
lowered somehwat. But as a CP .ember, he has retained
ing the Polish Army organized by the Soviets since 1943.
Upon return to Poland -- already it the rank of a
Professor.Dr. Romuald Klimowiecki, is about 60.
A +new' specialist in this branch of education.
One of the textbooks for this course is written by
him; the other by Dr. Rozmaryn. Klimowiecki was before
World War II Chief of the District Office (Starosta) in
southeastern Poland where he also owned an extensive
estate.- During the war he was taken by the Soviets to
(b) State and Constitut onal.Law -- Tiie lecturer,
-3-
CONFIDENTIAL
US OFFICIALS ONLY
rii professorship at the University. In this capacity
he was also a member of the Preparatory Commission for
the so-called 'New Polish Constitution'. Apart from his
University post he also acts now as legal adviser to
the Ministry for Handicraft and Trade. He is also a
'corresponding' member of the Polish Academy of science.
Klimowiecki is very unpopular among student circles,
not only for his past but also because he is pretentious
in his demands an the students in formal matters.
Penal Law and Penal Suits -- The. lecturer is Profeaaar
D. Igor Andre ew, son of a Nhite Russian. He is about
45? He' is not a C? member. Andrejew was Dean of the
Law Faculty from 1951 to 1953-
(d) Constitution and Law of the USSR -- The lecturer is
Professor Dr. Waclaw Moraweki. He is a Pole, aged
about 40. He is a leading C? member in Warsaw. He is
one of the chiefa in the Office of th? State Council.
Moraweki studied in the USSR, from where he returned in
1950 to Poland..
(e) Political Economy -- The lecturer is Professor Dr.
Edward Lipinski, who is about 70. He is one of the very
few from the ranks of the pre-World War II scientiets'to
hold a professorship at.the University. Lipinski.ta a
member of the Polish Academy of Science. He to also an
assistant professor at the universities of Lublin and
Krakow and in Warsaw at the University for. Economic Plan-
ning and Statistics. He is also assistant professor on
the studies--with university level--for International
Policy (Szkola Glowna Sluzby Zagranicznej). The obligatory
textbook for Political Economy is the so-called 'Economic
Library' by 13 Soviet authors.
(f) Dialectical Philosophy of Marxism -- The lecturer is
Professor Dr. Adam Schaff., the leading theorist of the
Polish CP. Schaff is Chief of the Science ection of
the PZPR Central Committee. He lectures at a number of
Polish universities. He is also an assistant professor of
the universities in Prague and Kiev. He is the author of
the textbook used for this subject.
(g) Roman Law -- The lecturer is Professor Dr. Karol Stadniczenko.
He is about 50. He is only an assistant professor. The sub-
ject is.rather neglected within law studies under the
Communist regime. Nothing much is asked of the students on
the subject.
CONFIDENTIAL
US 0,FICIALS.ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
 Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
- 4 -
CONFIDHNTIAL
US OFFICIALS ONLY
III. YEttR OF STUDY
Besides the obligatory French and Russian language courses, Civil
Law,and Political Economy, the students of tae third year of
study must take the following subjects:
(a) Historical Philosophy of Marxism -- the lecturer
is Professor Dr. Stanislaw Orlowski, who is about
40.' He is a CP.adherent. Besides his professor-
ship at, the university, he also lectures at the
so-called IKKN (?Insty ut Ksztalcenia Kadr 11auko ch
Institute for the-Lducation of Science Cadres)..
This institute is under the rectorate of the former
Foreign' Minister, Modzelewcki. The IKYdi is presently
the only institution in Warsaw empowered to qualify
persons-as-scientists from a political point of
view'. Wlt'hout.the approval of the IKi4 organization
'npbody can; for example,be admitted to' the Polish
Academy' of Science. Such approval is also needed,
to some extent, for university lecturing. (All
scienl;ists have been organized - since the Soviet-
ization of the historical Polish Academy, the
Polska?A$ademia ULiieletnosei -- in the Polish
*Academy 'of-Science, which is drafted along the
jpattern of the Moscow Academy of Science. The dif-
?firent membership categories are: extraordinary
mdmbero -a kind of honorary membership; regular
members; corresponding members and member- candid.atea.
At the' time of Sovietization nearly all ordinary
members of the traditional PAU retained their old
status in the ^.nw institute. To he accepted as new
members, applicants mutt obtain IF7.N approval.
Orldwaki himself is P. candidate to the Polish 'Academy
of Science.:
(b) Internat'ional'Law -- the lecturer is Professor Dr.
Marian Muszkat, a Ci' member) aged about 45. The
toxtboo n t is subject is by Dr. Muozkat and
Julian Makrowski, the editor of the International
Review, a magazine published by the Foreign. Affairs
Ministry. The magazine is similar to the one pub-
lished before World War II, but now follows
Communist lines. Muszkat is a practicing lawyer,
He 'also is an extraordinary lecturer at the School
of International Politics. During World, War II he
served in the Polish Army organized in the USSR
after 1943 and held the rank of a Colonel of the
Judge Advocate Corps. Now he is also the Secretary
of the so-called lut.erbat'ional Democratic Lawyers'
Association.
(c) Administration Law.-- the lecturer is Professor
Dr. Jerzy .:tarosctak. lie is about 40. He is an
expert on administration law and is also a cor-
responding member of the Polish Academy of
Science.
CONFIDENTIAL
'US OFFICIALS ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
 Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7
- 5 -
CO1'1 IUENTIAL
US OFvICIALS ONLY
(d) Political Economy of Socialism -- the lecturer
is Professor J. Z. Wyrozebski. He. is a CP
member. He is known as one of the leading
political columnists in the Communist Ares- and
also as a political radio commentator.
(e) Court Medicine -- Various lecturers, mainly
persons wcrki in the field. One lecturer is
Professor Lfnu7 Grzywo-Dabrowski, now over 70
years of age. He was the university lecturer
on this subject before World War II; his services
ure merely kept for his fine reputation.
25X1A 7? "Following is a list of 'assistants 'tc the law professors, as far as they
are known
(a). Roman taw -- Maria Klein., aged 30 and Adam Lerzyckl, aged
25.
(b) Penal Law -- Elzbietea Janiszewska, aged 32.
(c) Constitutions- Law of the USSR -- L?r owczarek, aged
35, CP member.
(f)
(g)
(h)
(d) Political Economy -- ffn7 #umianowicz, aged 27, 'and
/Fnu7 Michnio, also 27.
(e) Civil Law -- J_mu Malewski, aged 25, who has his own law
practice. Also 7z07 hmielewski, aged 26, CP member who'
is also judge in the County High Court.
State and Conetitutibnal Law -- ffnu7 Milewicz, aged 25.
International Law-- Henryk d'Fiumel, aged 27.
Administration Law -- ,,fTrnu7 Sum it and 5n7 Broni.ewaici,
both aged 21+.
Court Medicine /f-n7 Karts, aged ;30.
The age of the majority of assistants is proof that the Coi=uniat admin-
istration is recruiting its teachers frcm the very young generation.
8. "For his Zaoczny studies the student now gets nearly all necessary text-
books written in Polish language, but re-edited in Communist ideology.
Only one field of stu offers many difficulties in this respect: Polish
25X1A law has up to now not yet been codified. The Penal Codex from
1932 was supplemented after,World War II by the so=called Small Penal
Code. The Penal Proceedings we're codified 'in 191+6. A new Military Law
codex was issued after World War II. The hardest course is the study of
civil law, as the pre-war Codex has been revised in certain sections and
now exists merely in the form of a compilation of a ramber of laws with
many excerpts, supplements, etc.:'
- end -
831.6 55M
817.831 55M
31.2 55M
CONFIDENTIAL
US'OFFICTAI ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/09/11: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500490305-7