NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 50E; GUINEA; MILITARY GEOGRAPHY

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CONFIDENTIAL
50F. /CS /YC
Guinea
May 1973
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
CONFIDENTIAL
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sum*py ampleW by March 1973.
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Guinea
CONTENTS
This General Survey supersedes the one dated
July 1969, copies of which should be destroyed.
A. Location and description
1. Topography
2. Climate
B. Military geographic regions
1. Western Plains
2. Highlands
3. Eastern Plains
C. Strategic area
D. Internal routes
E. Approaches
1 Land
2 Sea
3 Air
CON MEMAL
4
4
5
5
6
7
7
7
7
10
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nGUXES
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Page
Pop
Fig. 1
Plains area (photo)
1
Fig. 8
Conakry strategic area (map)
8
Fig. 2
hills near Beyla photo)
1
Fig. 7
Aerial view of Conakry (photo)
7
Fig. 3
Niger River near Kouroussa (photo)
2
Fig. 8
Internal routes (table)
8
Fig. 4
Thatch roof housing photo)
2
Fig. 9
Boundaries (table)
9
Fig. 5
Precipitation, relative humidity,
Fig. 10
Land approaches table)
9
thunderstorms, cloudiness,
Fig. 11
Military Ceographic Factors
temperature, and haze chart)
3
(map) f ohms
10
ii
4
t
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9 i
Ar
Military Geocrraphy
A. Location And description (U /OU
Gui:a�a i� 14,ealed on fill- af�.terit 10ulg4- of Africa.
:tlnNta haitva% fill lhf� Wit "011114- 104�1%ee11 1.4111(14111.
Isnplland. and �yn�'I'ftwn. Sfndh Afr.ea :1iltho11Kh far
fn)m the .tralmie eetttem of the Afrie:ut c�fntinenl.
Guinea i� sittnifieant 104�catt.e fit il% p04d4,ntialk
valuable mineral Nealilt, pt4r�.e..intt 40114� of the %%orld
largea k1141w11 n-.ene% of ha11%ilf� a. %ell a% large
deltft+it� of inin fine. 111 addition. the e1011114% ha-1 t;ccKl
attricult11ral land .11iiahk� for a Bide %arietc of crops.
Thi� ir"11larl% .hayed comitr%. %ith area of
altf11rt 95.111111 mlown� "tile.. i� appn0sintate1% the size of
(A o. Penn�%hania. a11d %lar%latid ef0mhin4,d. The
It40ptrlation 414 �littlttl% larger than that of
filar% I;ttul.
1. Top apa11hy
Guinea c�fn.i.t. of e%temi%e hill�. scattered
11t41untait�. and hn,ad 1110 plain% in the cast and if
generall% flat cr0a.tal plain ttp to till mill�. %%icl4, Figure
11. the %Iilitan Gefn;raphic Factors trap at th4, end of
.he chapter). The flat .urfaves of lh4, c�fastal plain arc
interrupted It% ymr. of Im% hills exl4,nding close .o the
c�frf.t at Cap Verga and Conakr% 1 Figure 11. '1114,
c�fia.lal plain is mu:tll% 14,%. th:u :01 Feet afrne sea
14,r�I. is tttfstl% vint-re�d In dense hnnulleaf c.,rgnen
lon�.t.. and has Ihick alluvial .ill and soils
,chic h are .oft nntc�h cif the tittle. The pl:in has sv%vral
large ri%er. %%hieh nu�;udc r inh Ircad e.thwries and
lidal cre4,k. horden�d h. tnangrov(- .%camps and
tnar.he.: then� are nunu�rmi% small nr.ugrove cmrrecl
i4atccls near ri%er tnoidlis and in pLives along the
c'f:tst.
'1 hills and ntonntains are mostl% flat topped or
rotutd"d a11d c�ontpused of ha.alt. granite. and Lard
ctul�ton4,. 'I'ltc�% ;n� covered laravlx h% open to
m0d4,rat4,1% dense dec�idiums forests: on the higher
.Inge.. there are scattered patches of hroaclleaf
vvert;nrn fory %l. F.lv%Aions are predoininan1k 1.000
to :3.INN1 feel, although Here are scattered peaks
ranging front :30N1 to o%vr 5.111111 feet. 'file highest
pK�ak. 5.; -1ti feet. is Mont \inha in the e\tretnc-
sontheastern part of the c�ountr%. Most slopes are I0"i
to 311'; in hill. Figun� mid over :30`( in the
mountains. \unu�rou% streams. t,enerall\ �less than 2511
feet %side. ha%e their sources in the highlands: the\
FIGURE 2. Hills in southeastern Guinea, such as these
near Beyla, have flat to rounded summits seldom more
than 800 feet above adjacent valleys. The slopes of
these low hills are covered by patches of broadleaf
evergreen forest. (U /OU)
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FIGURE 1. Plains area along road between Conakry
and Forecarlah(C)

flow in narrow valleys and have rock% bottoms and
nutnerotis rapids. During high water �mid -June
thnntgh October�the large steams are fre�yue�ntly
over 20 feet deep and swiftfluwing, but during logy
water mid january through April �they are less than
i.5 feet deep, and niany of the small streams become
d ry.
The eastem plains, mostly between 650 and 1,(XX)
feet above sea level, are covered chiefly by grass,
scattered trees, and, near villages, small cultivated
fields; narrow. dense stands of trees occur ,long most
streams. I'he ground, consisting of silt sand generally
less than 6 feet deep over hard laterite, is firm except
for short periods during :lpril or early May through
October, when it is frequently miry for Ix�riods from it
fey hours to it day after heavN ruins. The plains
contain broad, poorly drained valleys 1.50 to '3(X) feet
below the adjoining interstream areas. The Niger
River (Figure 3) is 5(X) to .(XX) feet wide in many
places, -aid it major tributaries are I(X) to 51X) feet
wide.
Features of military significance are urban areas,
rural villages, mines, and transportation facilities. The
towns and villages are located mostly in the plains.
The urban areas generally contain it commercial
section and relatively modern residential sections with
hard- stirfacod streets formitg it grid pattern; buildings
are masonry and have tile or metal roofs. 'I'll(- tirban
areas also have sections of mudhrick and wood huts
with thatch roofs (Figure 4); in these sections, streets
are generally narrow. winding, and timurfac�ed. The
villages are mostly clusters of huts with thatch roofs
and walls constructed of mudhrick over pole frames
FIGURE 3. The Niger, the third longest river on the
African continent, has its source in the highlands of
southeastern Guinea and is already 500 feet wide here
in its upper course near Kouroussa. In this stretch, the
river is more than 20 feet deep and very swift during
the high -water period, mid -June through October. (C)
a
and they are generally .urrounded by low wall. of
rand or stone, thorn hedges, or wooden fences.
Connecting the urban areas and villages is a sparse
network of tracks and roads that have mostly earth.
laterite, or crushed -stone surfaces and winding
alignments and steep grades. Most of tile roads
frequently have soft surfaces from early April or May
through :)c toile r. Fcrrirs (!'igtm :3) and narrow
wooden bridges are common. Roads with bituminous
surfaces link Conakry with hissidougou and
orec�ariah.' Single track railroads connect Conakry
with Kankan and Fria.
2. Climate
Guinea has a tropical monsoon climate. charac-
terized by high te mperatures throughout the year and
pronounced wet and drs seasons (Figure 5). The daily
temperatures in the lowlanvis generally range between
mean maximums in the 80's and 90's �F. and mean
minimums in tits 60's and 0's. In the highlands mean
maximum temperatures are copier by 10 to 20
Fahrenheit degrees or more, brit mean minimums are
only slightly cooler than those in the Imylands. 1 he
wet and dry seasons vary in time of occurrence from
north to south as the Intertropical Convergence Zone
(IC moves across the country. The IC% traverses
Guh a twice a year. It enters the country_ from the
south, usually in late March or early April, and moves
across the northern border some time in early May.
Unsettled, often violent, and rapidly changing
Tor diacritics on place names see the list of names on the apron
of the Military Geographic Factors map and the map itself.
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FIGURE 4. Thatch roof housing in Kankan (U /OU)

12
CONAKRY
KOUROUSSA
MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY I AT SPECIFIED HOURS (LST)
CONAKRY
30-7
20-
i
to-
0 IFMAM1 JASON
KOUROUSSA
30 i
20
10-
I
0
JFMAMJJASOND
MEAN THUNDERSTORM DAYS
CONAKRY
100
80 07000
1 700
60
40
20
0
JFMAMJIASONDJ
CONAFAY
100,
1
601
60
404
i Il
201
0i
JFMAMIJASON
KOUROUSSA
100!
tl0
60',
I
401
20
01..
1FMAM1IASON
6R TIA
i
40,
60.
40
20 t
01
1FMAMIJASON
MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
CONAKRY
so
60 LipO
40
20
0
1FMAMJIASONDI
MAMOU
100
bo OS00�
0600
60
4 0 2000
20
0
1FMAMJJASONDII
6EYLA
110............
60
60
40
20
0..-
1 FMAMJ JASONDI
REYLA
I00-
b0
06 0
60 1700
40
23
0
1FMAMIJASONDI
&AN CLOUDINESS AT SPECIFIED HOURS (LST(
CONAKRY
KOUROUSSA
100
so
1401 I
e
07'0 0
i
120
1000
20
too! 1
I I I
JFMAMJIASONDJ
60 I
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM
60 ��I�� rl�
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM
l
ABSOLUTE MINIMUM
4o
i
20
ii'II
1FMAMJJASON
TEMPERATURES �F)
MALI
1
1401
120j
100' �!�I
it
60
60 Jw
40
I III
20
0 JFMAMI IASON
ELE". 4620 FT.
KOUROUSSA
100 r
0200
90
60 QOD
1
40,
20
i
0 I
JFMAMIJASONDII
MEAN NUMlER OF DAYS WITH HAZE
FIGURE 5. Precipitation, relative humidity, thunderstorms, cloudiness, temperature, and
haze. (U/OU)
3
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KOUROUSSA
100
so
e
07'0 0
60
40
1000
20
0
JFMAMJIASONDJ
MEAN NUMlER OF DAYS WITH HAZE
FIGURE 5. Precipitation, relative humidity, thunderstorms, cloudiness, temperature, and
haze. (U/OU)
3
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wt,ath4'r is 1%1)X:111 tinting this Irusitiotn period.
thundentonn% and line M11141111 art- diseilldhe teaturrs.
'The wet seas11ti grnerally paevinil� from earl May to
late (Molo�r s1%er most of the country. with the peak
prri0d in )11114' through Se�ptentler. This season is
nutrkrd b widespread and often multilayt,n�d
clondine�sr, with average tmnthly cloud cove�, varying
mostly from 50 "i to Nei. Moderate to heavy showers
eccur almost daily. Average monthly rainfall during
tilt- peak period usu:ah e�xcecls Y inch(�% throughout
tile country and, in sene� months� approaches .11) to N)
inchv% at sryeral ,Laces along the coast. 'Thund r-
%tornts are also freeltvnt. Ie�ginnin,g soinctinn� in April
and continuing into No%etnlo�r. 11suL0. excreting on
111 to 1: d:e%s per month except fill ,,c, August lull.
Visibility is generall goal r%c�pt daring showers. and
the pre% ailing s erfac� winds art light %onthsee�%terly
Relative humidity, however. is pe�rsi%twitly ado ve UP-
and, L; combination with the high tempe�ratun�%,
create enervating conditions during 11 +4 %e�a%et.
The I(:!, recnsse�% the northeron border in late
October, continnes sonthward. and crow% the
southernmost border early in November. This
transition period is shorter and the weather le�%% violent
than during the first transition period. Tilt, dry wason
extends from early Xovemher through March or early
April, with the driest part of the period in December
through March at most places. This season is
distinguished by clear or partly cloud% skies: average
monthly clonditims during lift- driest months varies
ne "'tly betwer-a l iii and 45 "i. Showers and
thunder.lorms we rare and monthly rainfall amounts
are meager. Aftc neon relative humidity is low away
from the coast. mostly le�low -Ilhi, and produces non�
comfortable conditions than during tilt wet se�aseon.
However, the light northeast winds (harmatta n) an-
usually laden with dust and haze which fn�elueutly
restrict visibility to less than 6 miles.
S. Military geographic regions (C)
Guinea has three military geographic regions �the
Western Plains. Highlands, and Eastern Plains (Figure
I I The Western Plains region is divided b% the
Highlands region lint has similar environmental
conditions throughout its extent and thus is treated as
a single region. The combination of environmental
conditions within eac�St region would have a relatively
uniform effect on military operations. but there world
be marked differences between the regions.
1. Western Plains
Conditions are generally unfavorable for con-
ventional ground operations because of wel areas.
dense foresh. and streutm. Cros cnuottry movement of
trucked lend wheeled vehicles would Ie� sevete�i'
re %tricte�d by dense fort-M. by mangrove swamps and
mar,lim along the wrest. by several broad and deep
streams, and by flooding and mir% ground during
April or ew Iy May through October. Unroad
ntovetnent would he restricted generally to a sparse
netuwk of earth roach and tracks, which are mostly
itttpassable during tilt rainy season. Low- capacitY
wooden bridges and ferries are potratial bottlenecks.
Construction of ne�w roads would lit- difficult because
of poor foundations in many places. the need for
extensive clearing of forests. and the need for I,
bridges with raised approaches. During the rainy
season. frequent pe�riooh of miry ground and vxtensiyr
flooding after heavy reins woedd halt construction. In
addition. rook suitable for building stone and for
crushing is lacking. Concealment fron air and gnnnnd
olose�rvaliort would he afforded in most places by dense�
forests. Coyer from flat trajectory fire geurrall% would
e limited. 'There are few situ --citable for hunker -h p N
installations le�e�anse� of a With %aler table, poor
drainage, and flooding rnuc�h of tilt- yrar. Coss relief
proh. its cnstnution of tunnel -htx� installations.
Conditions are genrrall% nw-Hitable for airborne
and airmobile� operations. Therr are few site�% %ail able
for parachute drop helicopter landings because of
mangrove %wantlr :cud marshes along the� coasts and
generally drum- forests inland. Visibilit% is corn uonly
restricted during April or earl% `las through (Mober
In hea%% rain, and c�lond co %4'r and at time% during
the remainder of tilt- %ear 1. haze. Assault -41w
aircraft could land at the� large airfield near Conakry.
In most place%, coommetion of additional airfields
would lit- difficult liecaunse- of poor feoeundations. the�
need for ettemive clearing of dome fore�st%, and
because of miry ground and flooding.
The region is un%oitable for large-wale :anphibious
operation% be�cansr of hazardous sea approaches,
extremely flat near%hore� gradie�nt%. muddy shores, and
poor exit%. Offshore appnoachr% :ere partly obstructed
by islands, islets, shoals. reef%� and roclks. extensive
tidal flats fringe much of the coast. The coastal terrain
is mostly low and bordered by pre�dominanth muddy.
mangrove covered shores. marsh and swamp hack
man% stretches. There are nn beachm suitable for
large scale landings because of extremely flat
nearshore gr. diems, fronting tidal flats. and. in places.
coral reefs. The few marginal IwLche% where limited
landings might Iw made are in tilt vicinity of Conakry
and Cap Verga. They range in length from 4M yards
to 3!': miler and art composed of %and and coral rock.
Exit% are by track%. traik or c�o vountr% to nearby
loose- %urfaced n,ad%. Movement inland would lit
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hindered b% 1111111g w alled% ifild 11ia r %lim mid.
further iniund, by driest� hroadleol evemn�tn ton�sls.
Conditions tin� generdlp Fair lair irregular ttino�
tiloerulions. although nt:11 ;1ri I. 11dN�n- 1114.(.. 1111141
typhoid fever tin� endemic in the tt�gi awl. (:cNNI
taau illincnt fnrm 11ir will gnnunl ailse�rvwtime would
he afforded in maid plat'm near the Cowl 11% delis.
bnudlruf evrrgreen forests anti, alonx the Ixndtr with
I'urtugurst� Gninrll, b grilerally dtnst� dt�t�idtxnls
A Adul) are Ili Iet11 mom 4f (lit. st�ilr. %itwelm�llt
till fext would Ix� feasible ettepl in list matixnVe
swuntils and munlim along the tmw- The %parse�
network of xrnrr111% earth nuid% anti tracks is
Impassable tit times during the raiM st�11w111 bet'allst of
miry ground anti fhxcdetl si rtrht�s. I.innite�tl (eNNd
supplies are available in widely xattered illage�s; wild
berries and fish are prrvalenl. Fresh water is gentralh
abundant halt turbid ;anti nviuirrs Imiling Ixdon-
human oemsumptiain. Shelter nuateriak are pdrntitul ill
the dense (.ants. limited supillirs tondd IN� ohtairle�d
by uindnip, a t i t few sitrs, but landing tit supplies In
Ixats would he difficult IN C of h az:lnlou.
a fpnwclx�s abed ixNlr hulling silt�..
L Hixwll&
Condition% are predoritinanth unfavorable for
conventional mound operation.. becaose� of rux
terrain. Cnss- eountn moventenl of tricked and
wheeled Vrhich�s would Ili- se�Vrre l% hioden�ed or
preluded by .dery 4111x�. &tied. (hiring high water.
mid -junr thnuxh Washer. by stwanls wo dp to
forri; moveme on feNt w ould lie difficult in ri nlor.t
places. Onnwd nwovemrnt would he limited primarih
It widrly %Ivi ed tracks and earth n:Itls it, xrntr111y
peNr comdilion. Lela- c;1{xlcih ssoNNlell bridges and
ferries are ixdrmial INItlenerks. The construction of
ildldi(u1na1 roads would 1e difficult IN�catlse
alignmrnh would IN- n�striovd. and inowl, cutting
would he required, also, w her e rowks and hand laterite
are near the �urfate. blasting wnmld he lle�tt.%mry
N11mrnns hridxe% also) wetllld IN� lleedt�d. (.e/ll-
cealmrnt fnrm air olm-r %alio11 would IN� p in
platys by fon�sh, however. concralment ivnsihilili,�.
are reduced fnrm alNut mid- )amalr% throuxh Man-h,
when m int trues air leaflew Q NNI villlrr nt would
Im provided by scattered pxltchm of Inaullej
everxmrn fomsls on the higher slope%. Cover from flat
trejmtono fire world he affonle�d by steep slopes alld
surface inmoilaritim. There are 11mmx�nals site�. when�
tunrtt�I pr i11sta11:etitwls v4vuld Ix- conortieted. with
shoant adits and staWr overhead cower. in hand massive
nwk%. but them air f m silm suitahle for bunker
because of sleep shwa% :end, in the small arr :ls of
plains. haul laterite near the sulfate.
0111dilions an� predominantly unfavorable for
airlNrne and airmobile opt-rations b"cause of extensive
sttoy slolx�s. Sites suitable for parachute drops and
helicopter ("lading. are available till scattered ridges
Mid 1 111"11 an-41% of plains. Assault -type aircraft couid
lane) 111 airfield. near Mike, Labe, and `zerekore
during the dry season (November to April or early
Ma% Movement from most sites, however, Would ht'.
hitiden�d h% steep slopes. There :Ire few sites suitable
fill mew irfields because of the need for extensive
,trilling and for much blasting of hard rock or Laterite;
aho. the orientation of ninways :,till approaches Would
lie n�stricte�d by hills anti nlouutains.
Terrain conditions gem�rally are favorable for
irn�gidar force operations, but tropical diseases such as
malaria. trip aimsomiasis, trachoma. and )a%VS pose
w�rious medical problems. (:on :ealmew from air
obse million would Ix- provided b% forests except from
i1boid mid- jaimar% through March hen most trees
tin� leafless; good concealtnerlt throughout the veer,
howeVe t. would br provided b% scattered patches of
hn:Idleaf evergreen forest fill the higher slopes. The
stV"p %lope% and" Ininmr surface irregularities provide
c,ncealiner,t from ground ok- en atitin mid good cover
trill" flat- trajrc�tol' fire. Romis are sparse and. daring
%pril or earl Ala% through October. are often
11111rafficable. MoVrinent on foot is Itasible, but deep
:Ind swiftlt flowing streams severely hinder m ovetnent
enuring high water. The stwanls are fordable during
Ina water. N4Vein1wr to raid -junr; hout-ver. they are
infe %lo- d with c�roc�exliles :laid the snail hosts of an
organism That causes sc�hi.stosorniasis. Irregular force
U 1111141 have to delN�nd nlustl% on natural foods such as
lierries and fish; also, limited attunu,ts of food arc�
:IVa'LIN" at wide�IV spaced settlements. Shelter
malerials are obtainable from forests. which cover
large parts of the region. Water is generally plentiful
but 11110 Iw boiled before human c�onsunlptitir.
Supplim could be airdroplwd at scattered sites.
3. Eastern Plains
(:o11dilions geIerally are favorable for conventional
,;round operations onk during the dry season, early
NovernlN�r through March or April. During this
p�riml. tracko�ed and wheeled Vehicles could move cross
coountr% fairh easily on predoininmitlV open, flat to
rolling surfaces. Miring the rainy season. April or early
May through 0dolN�r. frequent periods of mill
xmund :and floodhig along streans Would hamper
oPeratiolm in addition, the riven are generally too
deep to ford. Onroad movelnent Would be limited to it
sparse network of mostly earth roads and tracks, which
would deteriorate rapidly if subjected to sustained
3
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m
military traffic; during the rainy season, man
stretches arc impassable. Ne%% roads could he
constructed with generally unrestricted alignments
and on good foundations, but grading would be
hindered in many places by hard laterite at or near the
surface. In addition, construction would he frequently
halted by mire gratind during the rainy season.
Concealment front ground observation would he
provided by tall grass, which covers most of the region,
but concealment from air observation would be
limited ntai,tly to narrow, dense stands of trees along
streams. Cover front flat trajectory fire is generally
lacking c ept for streambanks and minor surface
irregulari,if In most places, bunker -type installations
could be constructed in soils nwre than 20 feet deep,
but power tools would be needed it many places
because hard laterite is at or near the surface. Because
of loty relief there are few sites suitable for tunnel hype
installations.
Conditions are generally favorable for airborne and
airmobile operations. There are many sites suitable For
parachute drops and helicopter I.ndings in grassy
areas; (luring the rainy season, ho frequent
periods of miry ground and fl oding would li. nni er
landings, and cloudy skies and rainstorms would
restrict visibility. Visibility is also restricted at times
during the dry season, early November through March
or April, by haze resulting from grass fires and front
duststorms ove the Sahara. Assault -type aircr could
land at airfields near Kankan and Faranah during the
dry season. Construction of new airfields would be
feasible in most place orientation of runways
generally would he unrestricted, and natural
foundations are good. Only small to noderate
amounts of clearing and grading wouk! he needed;
however, in places. hared laterite is at or near the
surf and blasting would he required. Construction
would he halted frequently by miry ground Iuring tit(-
rainy season.
Conditions are generally poor for irregular force
operations. In most places, concealment from air
observation would he scarce except for narrow bands
of trees along streams. Concealment from ground
observation primarily would be limited to areas of tall
grass, but (luring the dry season concealment
possibilities are reduced because of dead grass and
are cleared of grass by numerous fires. Movement on
foot generally would he ease although restricted in
places by streams too deep to ford and by flooding
during the rainy season. During most of the rainy
season, the Niger River and its larger tributaries arc
important transportation routes, but the few roads and
tracks are impassable at times after heavy rains.
6
Ilookwornt infestation is widespread. Moderate
amounts of food would he available from cultivated
fields around villages, but natural foods, such as wild
berries and fruits, are scarce. Dish, however, are
plentiful in the larger streams. Shelter materials are
available from the few forests and areas of tall grass.
Supplies could be airdropped in most places in the
region.
C. Strategic area (C)
The most important area in Guinea is Conakry, the
capital, la-gest city (population 2.12,0(X) as of mid
1970), chief port, and major c�ontmercial, cultural, and
transportation center (Figures 6 and 7 Conakry
serves as Guinea's railroad terminus, and the largest
all weather airport in the c�ottntry, capable of handling
heavy jet transports, is located immediately northeast
of the built -up area. Important installations incl -de
storage facilities for 550,W) barrels of 1- (refined
petroleum products). !arge silo storage facilities for
alumina, railroad repair shops, an oxygen and
acetylene plant, all clectric pomerplanl, a textile mill.
an aluminum fabricating plant, and a truck ass *mhly
plant. The port has conveyor systems for hat fling
alumina and iron ore and about 250.0)0 square feet of
covered storage spite(-. Additional covered storage
space at other locations in the- city totals
approximately I(X),(XX) square fee Immediately
f roa..'
Breakwaters
r'
Road L Mangrove and marsh
T Railroad -I Forest
Airfield .106 Spot height (in feet)
0 t p 3 4 Statute Miles
FIGURE 6. Conakry strategic area (C)
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FIGURE 7. The central core of Conakry is
located on an island that is joined to the
mainland by causeways; much of the area
between the causeways has been filled.
The city has modern buildings and hard
surfaced streets that form a grid
pattern. (U /OU)
northeast of the cite is an iron mine, an iron -ore
processing plant, and a mining equipment mainte-
nance shop. The only polytechnical institute in the
country, built by the Soviet Union in 1962, is located
here.
The major facilities outside the strategic area are the
bauxite mining complexes at Fria (population 13,((X))
and Boke (population 15,000) and the hydroelectric
powervlant at Grandes Chutes.
b. Internal routes (C)
The internal routes provide the easiest avenues of
movement from the best land approaches to the
Conakry strategic area (Figure 11). A description of
each route is provided in Figure 8.
E. Approaches
The perimeter of Guinea, about 2.:373 miles, is
unfortified; approximately 215 miles are coastline
(excluding the offshore islands). The country claims
130 nautical miles from its shores as territorial waters.
The boundaries with Portuguese Guinea, Liberia, and
Sierra Leone are demarcated, and those with Senegal
and Ivory Coast are defined. None is in dispute.
Figure 9 presents data on land boundaries. (U /OU
1. Land (C)
Conditions for cross country movement in the
border areas are often poor because of steep hills and,
in the coastal plain bordering Portuguese Guinea and
Sierra Leone, because of dense forests. Near the coast,
there are mangrove swamps and marshes. Along much
of the Mali border, which is covered mainly by grass
and scattered trees, conditions art fair in plains arc:
during November through April or early May; during
the remainder of the year, movement would be slowed
or precluded much of the time by miry ground and
flooding. Streams forming part of the borders are
potential barriers to movement during high water,
about mid -June through October. Crossing the borders
are widely spaced tracks and earth, laterite, and
gravel surfaced roads all of %%hich are impassable after
heavy rains. The approaches shown in Figure I I are
the best means of land access to (;ui,ea. Figure 1{)
provides data on individual approaches.
2. Sea (C)
Offshore approaches are partly obstructed b shoals.
Nearshore approaches are partly obstructed by islands,
islets, shoals, reefs, and rocks; extensive tidal flats
fringe most shores. Nearshore bottom slopes are
extremely flat and would preclude landings by most
amphibious craft; the 16 1 /2 -foot depth curve
generally is about 7 nautical miles offshore, although
in places it extends seaward as far as 35 nautical miles.
Nearshore bottom material is sand and mud. Surf 4
feet or higher mw occur at any time of the year, with
a maximum occurrence of :31 Si during July through
September. "fides are semidiurnal, with spring ranges
averaging from 10 to 14 feet. The few beaches are
located near Conakry and Cap Verga. They are
-omposed of sand and coral rock and vary i length
from 00 yards to 3'/2 miles; they are narrow and have
moderate to steep gradients. Most are backed by
mangrove swamp and marsh. Exits from the beaches
are by tracks, trails, or cross country movement to
nearby loose- surfaccd roads.
W
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T
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i
FIGURE 9. Boundaries (U /OU)
BOUNDARY LEMOTII TrRRA1N
111 flCv
Portuguese Guinea....... 235 Primarily flat to rolling plains covered by deciduous forest except near coast Y. here covered
by mangrove; central segment forest covered hills. Short section of boundary in north
marked by Tomine river.
Senegal 205 Forest- covered flat to rolling plains in the west and brush- or grass- euvered hills in the a ist.
Mali 535 Steer hills in the west and flat to rolling plains in the east; both hills and plains covered by
grass and brush. Sections of boundary along winding streams.
Ivory Coast. 420 Rolling plains and low hills covered by broadleaf evergreen forest in southern half and by
tall -grass savanna in northern half. Winding streams mark sections of boundary.
Liberia.. 350 Forested and grass covered hills, mountains, and discontinuous plains; sections along
streams, which are deep and swift much of the year.
Sierra Leone 415 Dissected plain: and hills covered by grass and scattered patches of trees except along the
Kolepte, deli, and Makona rivers, where there is dense forest, and near the coast. where
there is mangrove.
FIGURE 10. land approaches (C)
APPROACH ROAD
From Ganta. Liberia, to border south
of Nzerekore. Across forested hills.
From Danane. Ivory Coast, to horder
southwest of Nzerekore. %cross
densely forested hills.
From Bamako. Mali, to border north-
east of Siguiri. In north, traverses
mostly steep hills covered by
brush; in south, across flat to
gently rolling plains covered by
grass and brush.
From Kedougou, Senegal, to border
north of Mali. Across mostly flat
to rolling plains covered by clumps
of deciduous trees and brush sepu-
rated by grassy areas.
From Bafata. Portuguese Guinea. to
border northwest of Doke. Tra-
verses mainly grass covered coastal
plains; near border, fringed by
mangrove swamps and marsh.
From Kambia, Sierra Leone, to bor-
der south of Forecariah. Across low
coastal plain covered by brush.
tall grass, and patches of dense
broadleaf evergreen forest; in places.
across tidal rivers fringed by man-
grove swarlps.
One lane, gravel, in fair condition.
Generally two lane, laterite in fair
condition. Numerous sharp curves.
Impassable at times during April
or early May through Oct. because
of miry ground.
Mostly one lane, laterite, in poor
condition. Sharp curves common
in hills. Fording necessary at some
small streams.
One lane, earth, in poor condition;
impassable at times during April
or early %lay through Oct. because
of miry ground. Dust and hair
restrict visibility at times during
Nov. through April or early %lay.
Bafata to approx. 12 mi. S.W. of
Bafata at Dambadinea is two lanes.
bituminous, good condition. Re-
mainder one lane, earth, in poor
condition; impassable at times
during April or early %lay through
Oct. because of miry ground.
Mostly two lane, laterite, in fair
condition; during April or early
May through Oct.. miry surfaces
would frequently hinder on -road
movement. Ferry at Kambia is a
potential bottleneck.
O"NOAD DINI'MAL AND CROrr-
RAILROAD Cot�YTRY MOVZMENT
None....... Generally precluded by steep slopes
and dense forest.
None....... Do.
None....... Restricted by steep slopes in north;
fairly easy in south except during
April or early May through Oct..
when frequent periods of miry
ground and flooding hinder
movement.
None....... Fairly rasy except after heavy rains.
when restricted or precluded by
miry ground for short periods. Re-
stricte:l locally by densr vegetation.
None....... Generally favorable except during
April or early May through Oct..
restricted locally by mangrove
swamps and marshes near border.
None....... Motirrairly restricted in direction by
patches of forest, brush, and large
streams. Mowed or precluded much
of time during April or early May
through Oct. by miry ground and
flooding.
9
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3. Air (V /OV)
The air approaches' to Guinea are divided into two
parts, those from south of 12 0 N. and those from north
of 12 0 N. Adverse weather conditions in the air
approaches generally are associated with the
Intertropical Convergence 'Lone (ICZ) and its north
south movement. Weather conditions within and
south of the ICZ arc: generally less favorable for flying
than are conditions north of the ICZ. In both
appmaches the height of the freezing level is about
15,000 to 16,000 feet all year. The greatest risk of
severe icing and severe turbulence is present in
thunderstorms and well- developed line squalls. In the
northern approach, thunderstorms occur most
frequently (eight to 15 a month) in July througl.
?The discussion zone for air approaches extends approximately
300 nautical miles beyond the lmrders of Guinea.
September. They are most frequent in the southern
approach in March through May and September
through November, when five to 20 a month occur. In
both approaches, the minimum number of thunder-
storms, genei..11y less than five a month, occur during
the period December through February. Mean
cloudiness ranges between 60% to 85% in July through
September and 25% to 55% in some months during
December through April. Glowing sand and dust
frequently restrict visibility north of the ICZ. Upper
winds are light to moderate (generally less than 50
knots) in both approaches except in the northern
approaches during December through February, when
mean speeds in th( westerlies reach about 60 knots
between 30,000 and 40,000 feet. There are scattered
elevations up to 3,000 feet in the southern approach
and up to 5,000 feet in the northern approach; the
highest peak, 6,390 fe --t, is in northeastern Sierra
Leone, about 25 nautical miles from the border.
10
CO%FInE.XTIAL
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=AW
Places and features referred to in this General Survey (u /ou)
COORDINATES
i
i
m
V
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-10
F
4N
anal
Confide
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o ..1'
o fit'
o F
a ,11'.
Bafati, Portuguese Guinea
12 10
14 40
Kouremale, Mali.......................
11 57
8 47
Bale siren
9 52
9 43
Kourou
11 28
9 13
Ballay (rr sta)
10 :31
11 55
K ouroussa....
10 39
9 53
Barn badinca, Portuguese Guinea
12 02
14 52
Labe
11 19
12 17
Basse -G uinee (region)
10 00
14 00
Le bekere
12 07
12 24
Benti
9 10
13 13
M aeenta
8 33
9 28
Beyla
8 41
Z 38
Makona (strm)
6 59
11 36
Boffa
10 10
14 02
Mali...
12 05
12 18
Bokc
10 56
14 18
Man ou
10 23
12 05
Buchanan, Liberia
5 53
10 03
Meli( sirm
8 17
10 41
Canlayenne, Presqu'ile de (peninsula)
9 33
13 40
Melikhoure (atrm)
9 10
13 10
Cap Verga (cape)
10 12
14 27
Milo strm
11 04
9 14
Conakry
9 31
13 43
Monrovia, Liberia......................
6 19
10 48
Dabola
10 45
11 07
Moyenne -G uinee (region)
11 00
12 30
Dakar, Senegal
14 40
17 26
Niandan (sirm)
10 39
9 41
Dalaba
10 42
12 15
Niger sirm
5 33
6 33
Danane,Ivory Coast
7 16
8 09
Nim ba, Mont (peak)
7 37
8 25
Dinguiraye
11 l8
10 43
Nim ba, Monts (mts)....................
7 35
8 28
Dubreka
9 48
13 31
Nunez, Rio (strm)
10 50
14 32
Faranah
10 02
10 44
Nzcrekore
7 45
8 49
Fodecontea
10 50
14 22
Pita...
11 05
12 24
Forecariah
9 26
13 06
Pongo, Rio (estuary)
10 03
14 04
Fouta Diallon (region)
11 30
12 30
Port- Kakande
10 39
14 37
Freetown, Sierra Leone
8 30
13 15
Sanlou strm)
9 56
13 14
Fria
10 27
13 32
Sangaredyi (mine)......................
11 06
13 46
Ganta, Liberia
14
8 59
Sankarani (strm).......................
12 01
8 19
Grandes Chutes
9 55
13 07
Sansale.
11 07
14 51
G uPcked .au
8 33
10 09
Seredou
8 23
9 17
Guinea Highlands (upland)
9 30
10 00
Siguiri.
11 25
9 10
G uinee Forestiere (region)
8 30
9 00
Sissela (rr sta)
10 50
10 38
Haute -G uinee (region)
10 30
9 30
Sougeta
10 09
12 32
Kambia, Sierra Leone
9 07
12 55
Souloumandou (mis)
9 10
9 10
Kankan
10 23
9 18
Tamara, Ile (isl)
9 29
13 49
Kanlsar
10 40
14 36
Telimele
10 54
1- 02
Kassa, Ile (isl)
9 29
13 45
Tinguilinta (strm)
10 56
14 18
Kedcugou, Senegal
12 33
12 Il
Tinkisso (slrm).........................
11 21
9 10
Kcrouane
9 16
9 01
Tombo, Ile (ial)........................
9 31
13 43
Kinlbo
10 24
13 33
Tougue
11 27
11 41
Kindia
10 04
12 51
Victoria
10 50
14 33
Kiniero
10 24
9 45
Vridi, Ivory Coast......................
5 15
4 02
Kissidougou
9 11
10 06
Wassou
10 02
13 39
Kobeya
10 44
10 22
Kogon (sirm)
11 01
14 42
Kolente (siren)
8 55
13 08
Selected Airfields
Koliba strm)
11 57
15 06
Konkoure (sirm)
9 58
13 42
Conakry
9 35
13 37
Konkoure
11 59
12 06
Faranah
10 02
10 46
Koundara
12 29
13 18
Kankan
10 24
9 18
i
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to 1
Sambatlo V
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Koundar0t-
WESTERN RLAINS
Ma saba \1 Lam %0`
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Popa
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Khor r r soul
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Ind
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agbe `1 :MRdrna
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17
24
Tao e p
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Conakry
y r
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Kamakw,e
48
30
Tamara
lie Kassa
41
r
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33
l
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28
J
u N "e
32
49
A t l a n t i c
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24
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a
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14
Ocean
Gr
46
i
Makeni
19
.t
17
Guinea
Por1L
10
Military Geographic Factors
Lunse M
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10
PLAINS
.l
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49
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
Freeto n
Mf a r
02
--I less than 500 feet Most slopes less than 10
h 1-
a
18
HILLS
Rib
mbana
10
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
I
3
between 500 feet and 2,000 feet. Most slopes between
w
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Confidential
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Duumba 10
Z ur
Po w
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Q
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Kho
BokA
econtea
9 35 13 37
10 02 10 46
10 24 9 is
A t a n t i c
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11 57
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11 28
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10 39
9 53
Luns
11 19
12 17
12 07
12 24
8 33
9 28
6 59
11 36
J rit?
12 05
12 IS
10 23
12 05
8 17
10 41
between 500 feet and 2,000 feet. Most slopes between
9 10
13 10
It 04
9 14
6 19
10 48
11 00
12 30
10 39
9 41
5 33
6 33
7 37
8 25
7 35
8 28
10 50
14 32
7 45
8 49
11 05
12 24
10 03
14 04
10 39
14 37
9 56
13 14
11 06
13 46
12 01
8 19
It 07
14 51
8 23
9 17
11 25
9 10
10 50
10 38
10 09
12 32
9 10
9 10
9 29
13 49
10 54
13 02
10 56
14 IS
11 21
9 10
9 31
13 43
11 27
11 41
10 50
14 33
5 15
4 02
10 02
13 39
9 35 13 37
10 02 10 46
10 24 9 is
A t a n t i c
O ce an
11"I
0
0
T F
o
7
Y
a
Cap Verga
"L'
Indl
4z
lkagb6 es ;Mod
G ran r, rna
a
Guinea
l
Marrib,a
o c'
f
W
-77
JJ
Conakry
Lung,
Luns
Tema'.
he
J
Kassa
z -41
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
Freetovf,,
less than 500 feet Most slopes less than 10
F
J rit?
HILLS
ambia
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
Ribi
between 500 feet and 2,000 feet. Most slopes between
10 and 45',,; many slopes between 30',, and 45".,
Guinea
l
Port Loko
Military Geographic Factors
W
-77
Lung,
Luns
PLAINS
pe-
0
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
Freetovf,,
less than 500 feet Most slopes less than 10
HILLS
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
Ribi
between 500 feet and 2,000 feet. Most slopes between
10 and 45',,; many slopes between 30',, and 45".,
WatQr
MOUNTAINS
Difference in elevation of adjacent features generally
s.
more than 2,000 feet. Most sloes more than 45"-
Military Geographic Region Boundary
"d vawri
Strategic area
Bay
Internal route
bolo Gt
-"*AMC Approach
Shenge
si;'
Si
Sherbro
Bonth 19
Turners
Peninsula
Escarpment
.3500 Spot height (feet)
Major stream (more than 500 feet wide and 3.5 feet deep
year round or part of year)
Forest (Dense broadleaf evergreen forest)
Marsh or swamp
Scale 1.1,510,000
CON F I D E N T I A L
Confidential 71320
.4006
J
Pita
TM,mele ulldr&
Bomb(,
ol 16
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2257.
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070002-6

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