GENERAL REPORT ON SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE SECRET POLICE.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01035R000100010030-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 16, 2000
• Sequence Number: 30
• Publication Date: August 7, 1947
• Content Type: REPORT

R o. rta;ty us RIM MISS C ASSIF CATIQN Co y ... :.a .fir
047. MAY 0$ ! RVO
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INFORMATION REPORT
COUNTRY. Poi
SU JEcr ?e eral fVorrt on Securi in Polmd and the
Secret police.
.~. ` ITS Mu
TATF
WAR
Re+ata:
DATE DID.
1907
NM OF PAGES 6
NO.- OF ENCLS.
aist r a ove
SUPPLEMENT TO 25X1X
REPORT NO.
d e oa minister B.P. gave' out the infor wtion that up to the 1.t of April
3947, 20,,0people have come oat into the open and that mew hair eitn re.
leased from prison . in reality the number of people Who, c out_ of tree
forte up to that date was t *0 of which 17% were umbers of the M with
nuirder and rape on their race who In spite of this are Sim me Jim of
the P , of the ret pol ce' nd .of the Administration.
Not quite 1% are members at PSL'> ho belonged to iUegal independence a.
do . The largest percerybagek are common cries and des era, Political
offenders'-were very slow J n comi.r cut and did it on] r in.c ee of absolute
necessit ?. They suspect that coming out into the open is only prc.4.Ito
more arrests and a future liquidation,
Pr ?ar tion to the li quidatioo Cf i oii ti cal offenders who _r_
have coE (M% iato
q/, ~y++/uua~aYwss
. e open.
CW
That the above fears were founded is proved by the di rwtives o wt. out. to
the provincial and county 0 o tfLae .
a. Persons vno have some out: into the open are on given a card shoWu-g
that they have done so,,
U6, N o r e p r e s s i o n or testis a r e to be m a d e before t h e ls' o f - ?4 o9
the politic r3. natured.
c? Persons who have come out into the open will be arrested..
-
d. Orders will be carried out ruthlessly but suceess ufl r,
tlr at work.
it appears that outside of collecting information about those who Hama -out
into the open there was no pr essure. on th . This is not true abo t prison-
ere under investigation acs Who have been cond d, The. p in vio of the
fact that the amnesty was a failure has conducted a big camper .tr radio,
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press, meetings, and even lectures to children In schools,. On the other
hand? during that period people who were accomplishing official formalities
in government offices were being prompted to come out into the open.
ate Release of lineal isoners in connection with the Amnest
A certain number of criminals were released and since have been arrested
again as recidivists. Among those released the number of political pris-
oners is exceptionally small.
5 Forest Bends?
Coining out into the open by these did not assume large numbers, first, be-
cause they were few left, and seconds, they did not have confidence in the
amnesty., For examplo; The group "Olkon (Rseszow, Mie].ec) only 14 gave up
their weapons and came out.
III THE MDHDJ1t OF GrNr?ltAL SWIL1tCZZWSKI. See Addenda ivo. l dated 1 7)
General Swierozewski, Assistant Vice-!inister of national defense, was
killed in a trap organized by Ukrainian bands (banderowy) on 28 March 1947.
There are,, however, indications showing that this trap is not entirely the
work of the UPA. Before he left for his inspection in that territory the
UBP (secret police) gave him a report (maybe not by accident) which was
completely false and stated that this territory is completely peaceful,
Inform:tion given to the. press about this incident was constantly charged.
First, general SwiereZewaki died sitting next to the chauffeur and Ger: al
Wieckowski was riding in the next car (in fact the latter arrived only the
nest day), In the next communique Swierczewski was in conu.nand of an action
against an . attacked gro ip, ? Uth er reports brought still other versions*
hat is characteristic is the fact that pursuit was of no avail; nobody was
caught; anct no info uti on about the attackers has been available. The
army perhaps knew noth?f r..g, but the secret police knew for certain who were
the attackers.
The background is also interesting. General Swierczawaki, it appears, may
have been a thorn in the side of the Soviet from the moment of his trip to
New York and his interest in Slav problems in USA. There is also talk of
difficulties between Swierczewski as Vioe*-Liinister of defense and the Soviet
authorities (reduction of the Polish arny and reduction of weapons and amun?
ition); (the problem of security on the eastern frontier). Besides this,
two months ago 80 soldiers under a Soviet major in Polish uniform and a
captain went on a mission from which only these two officers returned after
two months, declaring that the stldiers were all killed and they were only
saved by Taking refuge in Slovakia.
The murder of S. is quite mysterious and has not been completely expl ,inod,
1. New Arrivals to Poland
Since 15 March 1947, new NKVD units have been coming to Warsaw ul. Jagiolonekaa,
Praga. Members of these new units have orders according to which they are not
allowed to be absent from their barracks. during the day until 7 Pit..
2. Communications
Special telephones "'=" (equipment and installations Soviet) have beOn
installed during the first days of ,`arch in all provincial offices of the
secret police and militia hq. `tIiis is a special line linking these offices
with Soviet coy .and and the main hq. of the secret police and militia. They
may be used only b specially selected personnel and only on special occa-
sions. (Addenda 2)
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3. NKVPe activi in Poland
rrr + r. + ur
17 February 1947 in Woolavw a locomotive damaged a carfnl of wheat and tauten
the railroad employee Giobiera went to see the damage he was snot down by
the four Soviet NY.VDs. The engineer Jakubiak was also killed. The Polish
authorities did not allow an investigation and did not allow a y ceremonies
duriti the funeral of the two men.
1. The Budget for the Secret police and the 1ilitia
Officially 17 billion zloty were allotted for the secret polic,o (90,000 men),
In fact, the seoret police have received 22 billion: 2 billion from the
R':in try of the recovered territories.' 11 billion from the Ministry of Dom-
rneree,; 1 billion from the Propaganda; 500 million from the Ministry of Food.
The transfer of these funds for the ministry of BP will be effected as need
arises.
The number of employees of this ministry had also been quoted falsely, as
without the militia there are 127,000. (Before 1939 there were 23,000
policemen in Poland in all). The budget of the ministry.of security (B,P.)
is the second biggest after that of national defense. There ere more-BP
employees than there are people employed by rr&nistry of education (121,000).
Besides, the 127,000, there are 30,000 informers, who receive 5,000 zloty per
month, aside from premiums received for special assignments. The total of
BP employees militia men and informers is about 250,000 people on a territory
which is smaller by 1/1 and a population reduced by 1/3 in comparison with
pre-1939.
2, Present activity of the BP.
This is concentrated on the collection of materials for future opposition
and observation of the ex-underground individuals. The v$ is also pushing
its way to every branch of the administration and the nation's econory.
The U13 is also taking part in PPR party life. when signatures airb needed,
they are provided by the secret police.
3. Distriot authorities do not receive reports from their own UB or militia
units.
V:MILITIA (MI.0. )
1. The Purge
A purge is being continued in the ranks of the M.D.
2. Educational standard in the r"4iQ.
Aiming at a higher standard and more authority for the M.U. obligatory
educational, courses have been instituted. An officer must graduate from
high school, and N.C.O. must at least have seven grades elementary school.
D'urther increase of M.0. informer quotas.
kzeszow, province. In LLareh the number was fol.; 206 were drafted, 13 were
relieved; at the end of Larch there were 831. informers. For these purposes
1710,000 zloty were assigned in Iarch#, For the 1st of Feb. 1947, they were
.599 informers, 101 were drafted, 31 released and 6O,000 zloty were assigned.
14, ii .U. behavior during; the floods..
Marty cases of robbery by .the ??O. were note'. In Czastkow, -arsaw province,
army engineers fought the militia which was robbing.
5. Attacks
on ''.0. Units.
Ukrainian bands are still active (Dialystok, Lublin, Rzeszow provinces) there
are still attacks on the M.O. stations.
VA
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Z2 Sa"erh -Frontier
t LSacroIt opewationa l groupb conducted actions against Uk rainlm bands,
wounded 6n6. and captured 11? Fcqutpment
killed 27 men
$ ed one
,
i
`taken was 365, items: grenades, ammunit9,onj mine s, racket projeotor and one
d arms was
f
t
ure
cap
bar. In comphrison with. February, the . dahtity o
at the casualties were ;r eater but vets Xew captured. Spring bronhrt
h
e
increase in ~ aotl-V- ties of the bends. T to most active of Vhiah is t
this band), a"hvy were in ~,~aroh in tOt61 73 attacks which is 3? more
tlivilienis W011T~1ded and 13, t?e3pturead. Lb6t from this activity lo: 1 oa cbine,
automatic ric a and about 500,000 zloty
26 .a ten rtty in Pol ihd
comparison 'with the previous period criminal ty Increased only a little.
*ere security :police: verge active the situation was little better. The
' feroe age of detected crime is on the increase.
. eezow pr+ovind . !} ,3 crimes, 1+665 solved. (40%) 303 investigations were
tn de in March.,; 125 gave positive results. Civilians returned 367 weapons
':1 ich makes 100.. more than in lurch. It must be noted that oor+mwn theft
and robbery is iiot dberessina, this beta.; the result of a lack of personnel
it the M.0, stations and their 1azine s. Theft on railroads Is c the
v~.tj Pi~ovcJca*cor
#skabupa of unta o*i individuals, probably PM and often UB, pre to nAng to
b.;..forest grow or Palish Arm', are Carrying out attacks on the population,
]
a
d
1
w
.
i
ava
caw.. I b. 194?,, individuals ,in Polish uniforms attacke
.w..w.,.a.nAM,?F
.,s 4 ---A --i -.
t
he
for
t to robbed hiiA and killed him 5lornil, vtith his wife. Such incidents are
iv
e
`
e.
act
krai an baxids ar
frequent in the territories where
1h Z: 1 OLXTI0A , TRIALS
in March the trial of the members and leaders of the all Polish youth
(nlodziezy daaeohopOOlskiei) and of the fl (171odz eZ Y/iel kie j Pc kt
(Greater Poladd You' h) recruitix m nbord mostly among university students
and the v'iroele Pd1ieohfic tlok place. one of the accused was found in-
noezent. In the hesreaat lure the trial bf the %IN ('rsolnosea i ? iepndle gloso"
FrOedon and iridependende) 1.11 ce place in Cracow. About 50-people are
,involved. This tr1ai will be prosecuted by It. Col. Karlirior. the accused
probably will bar atqui ted thanks to the amnesty. The aim of this trial is
discrediting Wil3 and the matter of prestige.
X: QO?STHAIl~'l' 0 ' RiZIDJ ICL" Al ,@ 01 v ORK
Ae we have noted, the ttl3 are putting into .force , a decree on a prohibition
of changes' of residence and of work. (Addenda 3)
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5-ADDENDA NO. 1 "N
Date of report. April 1917
This is information received from members of Swierczewski s party and the
local population..
28 uarch 1917, Swierczewskisarrived at Sanok for an inspection. From there
he wont to Lesko accompanied by the Sanok political officer and a lieuten-
ant. From there he decided to go to Cisna on the frontier where there is
a military post. The Colonel C.O. in Lesko tried to dissuade him; it being
a risk in connection with Ukrainian bands. Swierczewski answered that he
had secret police reports confirming that the region is absolutely peaceful.
Got iiito his car and left. in the direction of Waligrod. The road enters a
Carron after Waligrod; both sides of the canyon are wooded and as the oar
was nearing this it came under fire from the front. The General's car was
first and a certain distance behind came cars with the escort. First shots
killed Swierczewskiss chauffeur and hit his ADO. Swi.erczewski and the poll-
tic$l officer jumped into the ditch. Fire here was directed at him and
white he was trying to get away he was shot in the stomach. Instead of
seeking shelter under a close-by bride, standing in the water of the ditch
he started looking around. The political captain, shot in the legs was ask-
ing,him to get under the bridge, at which moment two bullets struck him, one
in his heart, the other in the hip. During this time, his escort started
fire and the Ukrainians, seeing that Swrierczewski had fallen, escaped without
losses.
There were three killed and one wounded on the Polish side. All this hap-
pened at 11x00 A.P. At 1 P.M. Swierczewski was taken to Sanok from where
a secret police and army unit were dispatched after the Ukrainians. These
units, having arrived on the spot of action, waited around and came back
from there at 6 P.M. cursing Swierczewski and the incident.
General Wieckowski from Warsaw arrived next day, 29 March 19147, after
which Swierczewski's body was taken to Rzeszovr by car and from there was
flown to Warsaw.. It must be added here that April 1, 19147: a truck with
soldiers, going from waligrod to Cisna was attacked in the same
spot. This cost the lives of two Polish soldiers,tsvo were wounded and
seven taken prisoner. No casualties were suffered by the attackers.
ADDr SAID NO. 2
Report an Special "ivciz" telephones in Polish hq.
During the first days of March all provincial secret police and militia
hq. Mere linked with special telephone lines with each other and the main
hq. of the. militia in Warsaw and also with the nearest hq. of the Soviet
arnV stationed in the particular province.
The Soviet authorities delivered the equipment. The directive below per-
tains to the manner in .which these special telephone "V zn are to be used,
It appears that the installation of this system of communication has been
organized to facilitate action against all opposition and to facilitate
provocation.
Directives Signed by Major General Witold, No.. 23"O" 2/!~V147
Special Orders No. 21. Top Secret.
In connection with the installation of special. '"WCz" telephones in all
provincial militia hq. I orders .
1. The special "11=1" telephones may only be used by the G.O. of the
provincial militia and by persons designated by him as especially trust-
worthy.
REFERENCE CENTER LIGRGkY
CONFIDF. ;TIAL
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ADDENDA NO. 2 (cost)
2. the special "WCs" telephone will be attended during 2I hours. The 0 ,0,
of the provincial militia will designate two or three of his trustworthy
employees to attend the telephone, receive and rely phou,grams.
3. ?honograms on important incidents will be relayed by the special tele-
phone to:main hq. of the militia; the special incidents are:
a: disarming of a militia unit, attack on a prison;
b. fight with bandits, liquidation of bands;
c, anti-semitic riots;
d, utirder of a militia. man;
s. especially urgent pursuit of bands or criminals;
f. internal militia cases of special importance;
g. important political incidents;
4. Phonograms will be short, clear and to the point. No phonogramss may
last more than 10 minutes.
5. C.O.s of provincial militia are personally responsible for carrying
out Mr orders above.
ADDJNDA 110. 3
Prohibition of change of place of employment.
The UB is enforcing compulsory work. Leaving your place of employment
without permission is punished by court procedure, as in the USSR (progu).
Besides this, compulsory work in general has been instituted. Oviners of
apartments who do not work are evicted. The following directive published
by the UB has been sent to all institutions so as to prevent unauthorized
change of place of work, or because of personal security and fear of arrest.
The real aims of this is the continuation of observation of all citizens
and to create material dependence on the state.
1. Requests from each candidate for government employment rill contain a
written statement on whether he has until now worked in another government
employment, vhiat his position was, and why he wishes to change,
2. If candidate was employed in a different brtncT' of the government,
demand proof that his superiors are -, filling to allow him this change.
3. Request an opinibn about the candidate from his superiors and cot:(lete
the personal records of the candidate with references of his superiors and
records of his previous employment.
4. Candidates received in a new branch will be accepted only for work in
the lowest category in that branch. If thgy should be placed in cate ory
7. the agreement must be obtained from the head of personnel of this stanch,
and from the minister.
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