LETTER TO VINCENT DAVIS FROM STANSFIELD TURNER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05S00620R000200480026-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 28, 2009
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: February 15, 1977
• Content Type: LETTER

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FEB 15 1977
Dear Vince,
Thanks so much for your great letter of 7 February and
your warm congratulations. I could not have been more stunned
when the President pulled this surprise on me, but I am delighted
to be of service to him in whatever way he prefers.
As you kindly noted, I am in a bit of a rush around here
right now -- about 35 Senators this week! Let me respond to your
several helpful points quickly, mainly because I don't want to
miss out t
Your recommendation on arrived just in time.
I heard about him from several other people a few hours before
gettin our letter. I had told my staff, 'ho, there just isn't time
to see next week. " With your letter in hand, I definitely
will.
Appreciate your suggestions on reading. I have read Roberta's
book and am in the midst of Ray Cline's new book. I have staff
working over the Church Report to pare it down to something I can
possibly handle.
I'll keep in mind. I doubt that the
Air Force will want to pull him from ahead of schedule,
but I'll keep my finger on his program.
In haste, but thanks again for your support - I'll be sure
the dissertation gets on its way back to you before I check out
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of Naples. I'll be there to see Grant Hollett for just a day
or two - it looks like the Change of Command will be 2 March.
Yours,
STANSFIELD TURNER
Admiral, U. S. Navy
Professor Vincent Davis
Patterson School of Diplomacy
UK-Patterson Tower, Suite 1665
Lexington, Kentucky 40506
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COMMANDER IN CHIEF
ALLIED FORCES SOUTHERN EUROPE
Dear Vince,
12 JAN 1977
Whether you will believe it or not I was just on the verge of
writing a letter to you when your nice letter of 3 January arrived here.
My reason for writing was twofold:
First, to let you know that at long last I have worked my way
through the dissertation by You sent it to me some time
ago, and I promised to get it back to you by registered mail. I liked
it very much; it was particularly revealing to me to see how very
closely the events of 1964-66 with respect to Greece, Turkey, and
Cyprus have been repeated in 1974-76. I almost couldn't believe that I
was reading history of a dozen years ago. I am going to take the
liberty before mailing it back of asking my POLAD if he would like to
look at it and one officer on my personal staff who does most of my
special studies on topics like this. I will, however, have it on its
way back to you by registered mail within a few weeks. As you may
detect, I got to it during the Christmas-New Year's holiday period.
This is not the first time that I've spent a part of a slack period
reading material sent to me by Vince Davis--and always to good effect.
Thanks.
Second, I wanted to check on whether there is still any possibility
of your coming over for active duty next summer. After reading your
Christmas card I began to wonder if you will have time for an active
duty stint or not. My hope that you would spend your next one with us
here is still very real and alive.
I much appreciate your comments on the Foreign Affairs article and
your generous but most exaggerated comments to your reserve personnel
concerning my background, friends, and future. It took over two years
to get Foreign Affairs to accept and print that article, but my
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thinking on it matured in that time and I hope it was worthwhile. Right
now I'm beginning to work on the sequel which will be entitled "Why is
it Important for the United States to Maintain Naval Balance?"
Again, it was good to hear from you and hope we can get together
someplace or another before long. All the best.
Yours,
STANSFIELD TURNER
Admiral, U.S. Navy
Professor Vincent Davis
Patterson School of Diplomacy
Patterson Tower, Suite 1665
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky 40506
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Vincent Davis, ( :tor
Patterson Chair Professor
of International Studies
The University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky 40506
[phone]
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CRAWLING TOWARD A WORLD VIEW
I t occurred to me, during a brief visit the
other day to Kentucky, that traditional-
ly insular Americans are undergoing a
radical transformation as they develop,
perhaps more from necessity than
choice, an increasing familiarity with the
outside world. The business and civic
leaders in the pleasant Kentucky cony
munity of Lexington are currently striv-
ing as they never have before to sell
products abroad and to attract foreign
investment to their city. Their effort re-
flects in microcosm the extent to which
the United States has grown to rely on
the international economy. And it further
suggests that, despite the warnings of
observers overseas, fears of an isolation-
ist trend in America are unwarranted.
American investment abroad has in-
creased fourfold over the past fifteen
years and U.S. exports have soared more
than fivefold within the same period.
Within the past decade, too, foreign in-
vestments in the United States have
nearly tripled. Just as IBM and General
Motors and Pfizer are now fixtures in
places as disparate as Stockholm, Cara-
cas and Teheran, so we have Michelin,
the French tire company, opening a new
plant in South Carolina, while Volkswa-
gen plans to build cars near Pittsburgh
and Sony is already producing electronic
equipment in San Diego.
EXPORTS MAKE JOBS
The American drive to export has been
spurred in large measure by U.S. bal-
ance-of-trade deficits as well as by the
realization, during the recent recession,
that every million dollars' worth of mer-
chandise sold abroad supports approxi-
mately seventeen jobs in the United
States. On the basis of the latest esti-
mates, this means that close to 2 million
Americans owe their employment to for-
eign trade-a small percentage of the
total labor force compared to Japan or
West Germany, but unusually high for a
country which until not long ago barely
considered exports to be significant to
the economy.
Another new phenomenon that ac-
counts for foreign firms shifting their
capital to the United States is the fact that
inflation, social-security costs and other
elements have made American labor rel-
atively inexpensive, especially for man-
ufacturers who are seeking to tap the
U.S. consumer market. Last year, for ex-
ample, hourly compensation in the Unit-
Newsweek, August 30, 1976
International Edition
ed States, including fringe benefits,
stood at.$6.22, compared to $6.32 in West
Germany. In 1960, the respective figures
were $2.66 for the United States and 83
cents for West Germany. Add to this the
fact that currency-exchange rates are tilt-
ed against export industries in certain
European countries, notably West Ger-
many, and their relocation of factories in
the United States becomes logical.
EXPLORING POSSIBILITIES
Compared to states like New York,
California and even Jimmy Carter's
Georgia, which have been looking
abroad for years, Kentucky is only now
beginning to explore the possibilities of
expanding its business activities over-
seas. As James Roberts Jr., the state's
deputy commerce commissioner, puts it:
"We're just crawling, but we're crawling
forward."
In May, for instance, Kentucky's Gov.
Julian Carroll journeyed to Tokyo in an
endeavor to involve the Japanese in his
state, and he is scheduled to make a
similar trip to Europe in September. The
state is also preparing to open a perma-
nent office in Brussels in order to push
trade and investment. When the office
opens, Kentucky will be the 25th Ameri-
can state to maintain a regular represent-
ative in Western Europe. Several states
have offices in Japan and Latin America
as well. This regional competition for
business overseas may seem strange to
foreigners, but it is a very real reminder
of the fact that the American states,
though united, still regard themselves as
sovereign in many respects.
FOREIGN BUYERS
Although Kentucky is trying to catch
up with other states, some of its enter-
prises have already made headway in
international business. The breeding of
thoroughbred horses, for example, is a
local specialty that has long evoked for-
eign interest. Within the past couple of
years, French, Irish and Japanese have
been purchasing horse farms in the state,
and a few weeks ago, at the famous
Keeneland auction held in Lexington,
foreign buyers included a Saudi Arabian
tycoon who spent more than $500,000 on
animals and a Canadian group that paid a
record $1.5 million for an offspring of
Secretariat, the great stallion. Kentucky
is also an important exporter of feed
grains, soybeans, whisky 'and, of course,
tobacco. And a peculiar deal was con-
summated recently when Egypt bought
a number of tons of Kentucky River sand,
which was flown to Cairo in order to test
silting in the Nile.
Another curious deal is now pending
between Kentucky's Island Creek Coal
Co., a subsidiary of Occidental Petrole-
um, and the Romanian Government. Un-
der the arrangement, the Romanians
would invest more than $50 million in
Island Creek in exchange for a minority
share of the company and guaranteed
deliveries of premium metallurgical coal
used in the manufacture of steel. The
potential agreement would, to my
knowledge, mark the first time that a
Communist regime has acquired an eq-
uity in an American corporation, and I
look forward to seeing how the dictator-
ship of the proletariat behaves when the
coal miners go out on strike, as they do
occasionally.
SCHOOL OF DIPLOMACY
Reaching beyond the economic realm, .
I ought to mention that the University of
Kentucky, also located in Lexington, fea-
tures a school of diplomacy that trains
young men and women for international
positions, provides scholarships for for-
eign students, and has sponsored guest
lecturers like former U.S. Secretary of
State Dean Rusk and Denis Healey, Bri-
tain's Chancellor of the Exchequer.
It would be a gross exaggeration, with
all this, to submit that Kentuckians in
particular and Americans in general are
becoming as international minded as Eu-
ropeans and Japanese, whose survival
reposes on foreign trade. Most Ameri-
cans still feel, I think, that they could get
by on their own if necessary, and most
would probably prefer the United States
to be self-sufficient, if that were possible.
In the wake of the Vietnam tragedy, they
are also turning away from the idea that
they must commit themselves to a broad
spectrum of responsibilities abroad, and
they are understandably focusing more
and more on their domestic problems. At
the same time, though, they are plainly
aware that they cannot withdraw from
the global economic picture without se-
riously reducing their standard of living.
Thus the notion that the United States
may be sliding back into isolationism is
an illusion, and, as I discovered in Ken-
tucky the other day, even provincial
Americans recognize that reality.
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BY STA. _EY KARNOW
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An International Business Resource
The University of Kentucky's Patter-
son School of Diplomacy and Interna-
tional Commerce has emerged in recent
years as an important source of advice
and assistance for business and banking
interests in the Blue Grass region which
desire to become more active in interna-
tional trade and investments. "We cer-
tainly do not have all of the answers at
our finger tips," says Dr. Vincent Davis,
Director of the Patterson School, "but
we think that we can quickly assist any
business or banking executive in this
region to make contact with the right
people who will have the answers to any
international trade questions. Although
our own Patterson School administrative
staff is very small, we have widespread
contacts among top experts around the
U. S. and around the world."
The Patterson School was founded on
the UK campus in 1959, about a half-
century after Dr. James K. Patterson-
the first UK President-stipulated in his
will that his personal estate should be
converted into a trust fund for this pur-
pose. The will also stipulated the long
delay, in order that the fund could be
appropriately invested and thus gain
substantially in value. Dr. Patterson, of
Scottish ancestry, had a shrewd appre-
ciation for the importance of wise long-
term investments.
The Patterson School got off to a
strong start in 1959 under its first Di-
rector, Dr. Amry Vandenbosch, but a
loss of momentum and an uncertain
sense of direction became serious pro-
blems for several years following his re-
tirement in 1965. Dr. Otis Singletary,
moving to Lexington as UK President in
1969, quickly decided to resolve these
problems in favor of a strong new be-
ginning for the School. A nationwide
search was initiated for a new director
who could move to UK to carry out the
broad new mandate. Dr. Davis was
chosen in this search in 1970, and moved
to the campus in the summer of 1971.
He had previously held faculty positions
at Princeton, Dartmouth, the Naval War
College, and the Graduate School of In-
ternational Studies in Denver. A native
of Tennessee with a B.A. from Vander-
bilt, he holds three graduate degrees in-
cluding his Ph.D from Princeton. He has
published numerous books and articles
in his own special research field, Ameri-
can foreign and defense policy, and is
often used as consultant by U. S. govern-
ment agencies including White House
staff groups under four Presidents. He
adds that his wife Anne is an important
partner in his interest in international
business. She was born and raised in
Brazil where her American father was
for many years the president of Federal
Lexington/14 LEXINGTON Magazine (published in
Lexington, Kentucky) -- June 1976
Express (originally a subsidiary of Bald-
win Locomotive of Philadelphia), the
largest supplier of complete railroad
systems in that South American nation.
Dr. Maurice A. "Mickey" East is the
Associate Director of the Patterson
School. A native of Trinidad, Colorado,
he received his B.A. degree from Colgate
and his Ph.D. from Princeton. His back-
ground includes a year as a Fulbright
Fellow in Norway, and service as the
Rockefeller Foundation Visiting Profes-
sor at Makerere University in Uganda,
East Africa, during the year immediately
before moving to UK in the summer of
1972. Another key member of the Pat-
terson School staff is Executive Assistant
Lilliam Pancorbo, a native of Cuba who
previously served as executive assistant
to the academic vice president of the
University of Florida after receiving her
own undergraduate education at that
school. Lil Pancorbo is also a potter of
distinction, with stoneware pottery stu-
dios in her Lexington home and at The
Twig Gallery in Midway.
Purpose
A primary purpose of the Patterson
School is to prepare young people for
internationally oriented careers in a wide
variety of fields. The word "Diplomacy"
in the School's name actually refers to
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international operations, says Dr. DL
and the term "International Commerce"
refers to career options in internationally
oriented business and banking contexts.
At this time, Dr. Davis adds, most Pat-
terson School students are more interest-
"l in the private sector possibilities in
siness and banking, and the School's
programs are therefore more strongly
oriented in this direction. The Patterson
School works in close cooperation with
many other units on the UK campus,
including the; College of Business and
Economics, the College of Law, the De-
partment of Agricultural Economics in
the "Ag" College, and many Arts and
Sciences departments such as History
and Political Science.
Summer Programs
The Patterson School tries to help its
students to supplement their formal
classroom work with useful practical
experiences in the summertimes. In re-
cent summers including '76, school stu-
dents have served internships with the
Council on International Economic Poli-
cy in the White House, and the Agency
for International Development (AID) also
in Washington. In the summer of '76 a
total of five school students will study
international trade opportunities at the
University of Cluj in Rumania, under
the leadership of UK Professor Charles
Hultman, senior specialist in internation-
il economics, and also Chairman of the
Patterson School Faculty Advisory Com-
mittee.
Recent Patterson School. graduates are
now holding responsible positions such
as the following: director of Latin Amer-
ican operations for the First National
Bank of Memphis; senior international
business research economist for Norfolk
and Western Railway; and international
grain trading specialist for Cook Indus-
tries, Inc. Patterson School alumni are
also working in business or government
positions in Belgium, France, Thailand,
Nigeria, Brazil, Turkey, and the Soviet
Union, to name just a few. Dr. Davis
adds that many Patterson School students
would be particularly interested in job
opportunities with internationally orient-
ed business firms and banks in this Blue
Grass area. "Our students are willing to
start at the bottom and to learn a busi-
ness from the ground up," he says.
Unique in Southeast
Dr. Davis tells us: "The Patterson
School is one of only about a dozen
the only one in the southeastern states.
This gives us an opportunity to serve
the Commonwealth of Kentucky not
only in various direct ways, but also to
invite favorable attention to our Blue
Grass area and the entire state by acting
as an international resource and research
center for the overall southeastern region.
Our basic mission, however, is to serve
the Blue Grass directly, and we strongly
desire to be of all possible assistance to
business and banking interests in this
area-not just those firms and banks
that are already involved internationally,
but also those that may wish to consider
this. Again, we have to stress that our
own Patterson School staff capabilities
are very limited, but we can undertake
some marketing research, and we can
put local people in touch with the experts
in almost all fields of internationally re-
lated business and banking, regardless of
where those experts may be. We can
organize special business seminars and
other kinds of programs directly tailored
to the international interests of businesses
and banks in our area. We want to help
`sell the Blue Grass' worldwide, because
we have a great product."
The Patterson School has a Board of
Advisors which includes not only some
of the most prominent business and
bankint; executives in Kentucky, but also
similarly distinguished people from
around the nation and the world. Some
of these are two vice presidents of First
National City Bank in New York, the
senior vice president of Squibb, Inc., the
president of U. S. Cocoa Corporation,
the vice president of Exxon for European
operations, a vice president of Pullman
Corporation, a senior partner of Arthur
Andersen & Co., famed journalists such
as Joseph C. Harsch, three college presi-
dents, several internationally prominent
lawyers, a former Governor of the Fed-
eral Reserve, and a number of noted
diplomatio, political, and military leaders
from the U. S. and other nations. This
Board of Advisors meets in Lexington
twice each year.
Robert M. Brewer, President of the
Greater Lexington Area Chamber of
Commerce, has appointed Dr. Davis (a
Chamber member) to serve as Chairman
of the Chamber's new Advisory Panel
on International Commerce. Dr. Davis,
working closely with Chamber President-
elect Clyde W. Mauldin, indicates that
he and Mr. Mauldin will have an im-
portant announcement to make about the
initial plans and expectations for this
new Advisory Panel in the weeks to
come.
JOSEPH B. ARGABRITE
CITIZENS BANK SQUARE
Ready to serve
sandwiches for
offices, lunches
school activities, or
group parties.
v
SOU-TtW-RN SALAD
Available at most
grocery stores or
call:
15/Lexington
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ACTIVITIES
CALENDAR
November 2
Ladies Day
November 2-12
James Burke Portraits
November 8-13
Home Show
In I Cr1NH I IUNAL.
Reality of World View
November 15-20
The Blue Grass Railroad Club
the
people
place!
Nicholasville Rd. at New Circle Rd.
Open 10:00 a.m: 9: 00 p.m.
8/Lexington
Recently Dr. Vincent Davis, director
of U. K.'s Patterson School of Diplomacy,
was joined by local government and civic
officials in hosting Stanley Karnow, cor-
respondent for the International Edition
of Newsweek.
His visit resulted in a column publish-
ed in the August 30, 1976 International
Edition of the weekly newsmagazine. In
his report (which does not appear in the
domestic editions) Karnow notes, "That
going a radical transformation as they
traditionally insular Americans are under-
develop an increasing familiarity with
the outside world."
Karnow continued, "The business and
civic leaders in the pleasant Kentucky
community of Lexington are striving as
they never have before to sell products
abroad and to attract foreign investment
to their city."
The article suggests that Lexington
represents a microcism of the United
States to the extent that the United States
relies upon the world economy.
Dr. Davis of Patterson School at UK.
The Kamow visit, coordinated by Dr.
Davis of the Patterson School, Kentucky
Commerce Department officials and of-
ficers of the Lexington Chamber of Com-
merce, discussed the ramifications of
Governor Carroll's recent ventures to
Europe and Japan.
While not new, Kentucky is the 25th
state to open a permanent office on the
continent, it does represent an important
investment that promises to provide a
rewarding return. The column correctly
notes that although "Kentucky is trying
to catch up with other states, some of
its enterprises have already made head-
way in international business."
Thoroughbred sales, grain exports, to-
bacco, sand and coal are cited as ex-
LEXINGTON Magazine (published in
Lexington, Kentucky) -- Nov. 1976
ducted in the Commonwealth.
Beyond the .economic realm, K:;rnow
points out the educational outreach pro?-
vided by the Patterson School at the
University of Kentucky. The school is an
excellent training facility for persons en-
tering the international levels of business
and government.
The Newsweek article, "Crawling To-
ward A World View," concludes by say-
ing that it would be a gross exaggeration
to suggest that Kentuckians in particular
and Americans in general are becoming
internationally-minded.
But, Karnow rightly asserts, "the no-
tion that the United States may be slid-
ing back into isolationism is an illusion,
and, as I discovered in Kentucky the
other day, even provincial Americans
recognize that reality."
Energy Week
Kentuckians are being asked to join in
a statewide project to conserve all forms
of energy.
The Special emphasis was called Energy
Conservation Awareness Week, Novem-
ber 7-13, sponsored by the Kentucky De-
partment of Energy and proclaimed by
Governor Julian M. Carroll.
"We need the help of all Kentuckians
-not only during this special week but
throughout the year-in our drive to
help save our scarce supplies of energy,"
said Damon W. Harrison, Commissioner
of the Kentucky Department of Energy.
"Conservation makes sense because in
many cases it costs us nothing and we
are able to save money as well by not
wasting our precious energy resources,"
Harrison said.
And he emphasized that conservation
does not mean doing without. It simply
means using energy more wisely and
avoiding wastefulness.
Community leaders across the Com-
monwealth are being asked to promote
local projects that emphasize energy con-
servation. Such things as energy conser-
vation seminars, store displays, advertis-
ing, school posters contests and other
programs can be arranged to promote
energy saving practices.
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SPECIAL REPORT:
International education in the South
David Sweatt was working at a
bank in South Carolina when he
decided that a master's degree would
help him attain some of his career
goals.
He settled on international studies
and began shopping around for a
school that offered what he felt he
needed. His undergraduate grades
were so good that he had little
trouble getting accepted, even at
some of the nation's prestige uni-
versities.
He selected the University of Ken-
tucky and its Patterson School of
Diplomacy and International Com-
merce. "I've never regretted that
choice," he says. "I got every-
thing I was looking for there: plenty
of business courses, an international
affairs background-and a good
sense of direction."
When graduation rolled around,
Sweatt also received about a half
dozen job offers. He picked First
National Bank of Memphis and
joined the international department,
where he became Latin American
manager.
His education and job experience
enabled him to quickly move up the
ranks, and today he is one of the
top officers of the bank's Knoxville
affiliate, holding the position of vice
president and senior administrative
officer.
Sweatt's success story is not
unique. It is one that has been re-
peated time and again in states
throughout the South. The interna-
tional education graduates of the
some 40 universities and. colleges
in the region that offer internation-
al curricula have, with only rare
exceptions, made a smooth and easy
transition from campus to employ-
ment. In fact, those with advanced
degrees have normally been able to
pick and choose from several jobs
offered them. And today, many of
those graduates have matched-and
a few have surpassed-the note-
worthy achievements of David
Sweatt.
As recently as ten years ago,
however, such a story wouldn't
have been possible. There simply
were no schools in the region offer-
ing a comprehensive international
education program, and only a hand-
ful even included international-re-
lated courses of the type found at
universities in other parts of the
nation.
All that began changing with the
emergence of the South's new atti-
tudes toward the importance of inter-
national trade. As companies in the
region began seeking markets over-
seas and as the various states
launched efforts to lure new in-
dustry from abroad, the higher-edu-
cation institutions were called on to
provide the managers and execu-
"...The international
education graduates in the
region have made a smooth
and easy transition from
campus to employment..."
tives with expertise in the interna-
tional field. Such universities as
Kentucky, Houston, North Carolina,
Tulane and Miami led the way and
established schools or upgraded old
ones in order to offer students what
the region's industry, business and
government required for its middle-
and top-management positions.
Today, a student can find excel-
lent programs throughout the South,
whether his interest lies in inter-
national affairs, international busi-
ness, international finance or inter-
national marketing. The 1976 edition
of the authoritative directory of
education, Peterson's Annual Guides
to Graduate Study, lists five uni-
versities (Georgia State, Louisiana
Tech, Texas Tech, Dallas and South-
ern Methodist) offering a master's
program in international business.
Of those five, Georgia State con-
fers a doctorate in the field.
Peterson's also lists 11 Southern
universities that offer graduate de-
grees in international affairs. In that
category is David Sweatt's alma
mater, the University of Kentucky.*
Its highly regarded Patterson
School has made its mark as one
of the best of its kind in the nation.
Its vigorous and articulate director,
Vincent Davis, has also gained na-
tionwide recognition in both the
academic and business communities.
(He is current president of the In-
ternational Studies Association, a
group of professionals from several
international fields, and is active
in numerous other international en-
deavors.)
Davis has been largely responsible
for the Patterson School's excellent
reputation. But that reputation hasn't
come overnight. It has resulted from
long hours of attention to quality
and detail in faculty, curriculum and
admissions.
Yet businessmen at many South-
ern-based international companies-
some even in Kentucky-are pretty
much unaware of the school and its
many attributes. In fact, despite
recent efforts of universities through-
out the South to promote their in-
ternational schools, business and
industry rarely take advantage of
what their local universities can
provide them in the way of train-
ing or personnel.
And business isn't alone in this
attitude. Government too is guilty-
and not just of apathy, but also of
ignorance. Fred Dent, Special U. S.
*The others are Florida State,
Duke, Tulane, Alabama, Miami,
Florida, South Carolina, Texas at
El Paso, Virginia and West Texas
State.
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Representative for Trade - :gotia-
tions, and a former U. S. Secre-
tary of Commerce, asked during a
presentation earlier this year if
there is "an academic institution
in the United States dedicated to
research in and training of people
in trade-policy matters." He further
stated that government and the pri-
vate sector should "attempt to stim-
ulate the development of such an
entity."
Kentucky's Davis and others like
him in the international academic
field would resoundingly answer that
such "entities" already exist and
that, as a matter of fact, one of
the best of its type is located in
Dent's home state (at the Univer-
sity of South Carolina).
Still, such errors might be for-
given, even from someone like Am-
bassador Dent, for schools such as
the one at South Carolina have
emerged in number and prominence
only within the past few years. And
some, like those at Texas Tech,
Florida International and Duke,
among others, are still in various
stages of development.
Not so the Patterson School. Am-
bassador Dent notwithstanding,
most top experts in the field hold
it in particularly high esteem. And
to some it represents the ideal that
many other similar schools should
strive for.
This enviable position hasn't been
achieved without problems, how-
ever, some of which have been
almost lethal.
The school is named after Wil-
liam Andrew Patterson, son of the
first president of the University
of Kentucky, James K. Patterson.
The elder Patterson stipulated in his
will that when he died, the assets
of his estate would go toward creat-
ing a school of diplomacy and inter-
national commerce.
In 1959, the school was finally
established, and it flourished under
its first director, Amry Vanderbosch.
After Vanderbosch's retirement in
the mid-1960s, however, the repu-
tation of the school slipped badly,
and by 1970 the school's demise
seemed imminent.
But Otis Singletary, who took over
the reins of the university in 1969,
had other plans for the school. They
called for exclusive emphasis on the
master's degree program, thereby
eliminating the previous doctorate
offering. His major decision, how-
ever, was to bring to the car, s
an entirely new management staff for
the school.
That's when Vincent Davis, an in-
ternational educator, writer and con-
sultant, was called on to direct the
school. His first task after assuming
duties in August 1971 was to beef
up the faculty and add new program
categories and activities. During the
...Despite recent efforts.
of universities throughout
the South to promote their
international schools,
business and industry rarely
take advantage of what their
local universities can
provide them in the way of
training of personnel... "
first three years of Davis's tenure,
more than 500 professors, research
scholars, diplomats and other prom-
inent figures visited the university
to participate in the school's various
conferences and lectures. In all,
Davis estimates, several thousand
persons attended those activities.
The total program now. operated
by the school includes three broad
categories: (1) the master's profes-
sional degree program, (2) research
(including research conferences,
publications and related activities)
and (3) community and public ser-
vice to the citizens off-campus with-
in Kentucky and neighboring states.
Director Davis points out that the
second and third of these categories
are always utilized, at least in part,
to complement and supplement the
first. "In other words," he says,
"we want everything we do to bene-
fit our students in some way or
another, and we attempt to involve
our students in all Patterson School
activities."
Almost all graduate schools offer-
ing international education operate
similarly to the one at the Univer-
sity of Kentucky. Like the Patter-
son School, they require that at
least half of the ten courses need-
ed for a degree be taken within
some one discipline. At Patterson,
the discipline is often chosen from
economics (international), business
administration (emphasizing world
business), history (modern diplo-
matic history) or political science
(international and comparative poli-
tics). The student splits his remain-
ing courses or hours between two
other disciplines.
Another Patterson structural re-
quirement is that the total package
of courses must fall into three fields,
with about half of the courses
organized into one field and the re-
mainder divided between two others.
The Patterson School helps decide
the field that's right for the individ-
ual student, and, say school of-
ficials, there is considerable latitude
in that matter. For example, a field
might be as diverse as Latin Amer-
ican studies or national develop-
ment.
The third structural requirement is
that at least half of the courses
must be at the 600 or 700 levels.
Those are the numerical designations
used at the University of Kentucky
for courses reserved exclusively for
graduate credit. The remaining
courses for degree credit must be
at the 400 or 500 level, either of
which is open to upperclass under-
graduate students and to graduate
students.
The final requirement is that all
Patterson School students, with rare
exceptions, must take a special semi-
nar before earning the degree. This
seminar is designed to bring the
student's conceptual or theoretical
knowledge together so that he can
apply it to current front-page inter-
national issues.
The school stresses to both student
and potential employer of its grad-
uates that the curriculum aims at pro-
viding the professional training
needed for a career and is not merely
an extension of undergraduate liberal
arts education.
Explains one school official. "For
most young people growing up and
going to school in the United States.
the basic formula for success is to
get better-than-average grades and
stay out of any serious trouble.
The person who does this will make
a good impression on teachers and
professors, who will then be happy
to write good letters of reference
that will help the student to move
on to more advanced levels of school-
ing.
"But," he adds. "the Patterson
School is not in business to help
students move on to some further
level of formal education. For al-
most all our students, the school is
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or ought to be the terminal p.,int
of a process of formal education
that began about 20 years earlier at
the kindergarten level. Of course,
in our rapidly changing world, the
truly dedicated and successful pro-
fessional person can never really
afford to stop learning at age 30-
or even ages 40 or 50 and 60-
but this further learning will ordinar-
ily occur on an in-service, on-the-job
or self-designed basis rather than
in a formal degree-granting program
on a campus.
"The Patterson School will be the
final degree-granting formal educa-
tional institution that most of our
students will ever attend, or at least
the final such program prior to sig-
nificant on-the-job experience in a
career field."
Beyond the training of persons to
enter the international field, how-
ever, the Patterson School is com-
mitted to upgrading the general pro-
fessional field of international stud-
ies. Through its research and public-
service programming, the university
arranges, either on its own or in
cooperation with community organi-
zations, special events on subjects
that can help the individual busi-
result is that there has sometimes
been a minimal amount of exchange
between the business and education
communities. At the Federal Re-
serve Bank of Atlanta, for example,
two employees and one former of-
ficer, all of whom deal in interna-
tional economics, admitted to having
little or no contact with Georgia
State University, whose Institute
of International Business is regarded
as one of the best in the nation.
Georgia State is located only a few
blocks from the bank.
Also, there's the feeling from some
corners that the instruction provided
by the international education
schools is not responsive enough
to the needs of business and finance.
One of the most respected inter-
national bankers in the region,
George A. Collin Jr., vice presi-
dent and manager of the internation-
al department of Liberty National
Bank and Trust Company of Louis-
ville, says that the constantly chang-
ing world situation makes interna-
tional policy or international finance
courses virtually worthless. "If we
were looking for someone here at the
bank, we would look for a person
with a marketing, economics or
accounting background," he says.
"Frankly," he adds, "I don't think
there's a college around that can turn
out a graduate ready to step into a
job in the international field."
William S. Baker, vice president
in the international division of North
Carolina National Bank, Charlotte.
would generally agree with that
assessment. He said he feels that an
international education background
is important, "but rarely." he adds,
"do we take graduates from an
international school and put them
directly into the international divi-
sion. Instead, we would start them
out in. a department such as credit
and then later perhaps bring them
in with us."
Much the same is true at First
National Bank of Birmingham. Wil-
liam M. Miller, vice president in
the international department there,
says First National is similar to
other banks in its hiring policies.
"We look for someone with exper-
ience and training," he points out.
"And this often means we will have
to find a person from outside the
region."
As for Southern companies en-
gaged in international trade, few have
been exposed to international educa-
tion graduates, but word is apparent-
ly getting around fast. A. Keene
Byrd of Byrd Enterprises, Char-
lottesville, Va., typifies the reaction
from most top international business
executives in the region: "I keep
hearing good things about the grad-
uates of the international schools in
the area. I believe that in a few
years such a person is the type I
will be seeking for this company."
nessman. Typical of these are the
numerous symposiums, conferences
and workshops held on a continuing
basis. Such programming is in keep-
ing with the school's policy of work-
ing with community organizations
and groups in improving general pub-
lic knowledge about current major
international issues.
Such programs have been received
enthusiastically by the international
business community in the area.
And the participants have over-
whelmingly endorsed the continua-
tion of those activities.
Still, despite the successes of such
programs and despite the obvious
quality of the Patterson graduates,
the school is not without its de-
tractors. And, in fact, most of the
international education schools in the
South will readily admit that many
of the institutions and companies
in the region-even some of the
largest ones-are negative toward
the international programs offered
by their local universities.
Much of that criticism can be
traced to lack of information about
the relatively new schools. In get-
ting the schools established and func-
tioning properly, school officials
have lacked time to devote to any
full-scale promotional effort. One
The top 12
International fields of study are now taught at more than 40
colleges and universities in the Southern United States. That com-
pares to only a handful as recently as 1970.
The following universities have been selected by executives of
international companies, international bankers, and state and federal
government trade officials as the region's top 12, based on inter-
national-related curriculum, faculty and quality of students or graduates
in the international fields:
Alabama, University of
Dallas, University of
Florida State University
Georgia State University
Houston, University of
Kentucky, University of
Miami, University of
North Carolina, University of
South Carolina, University of
Texas at Dallas, University of
Tulane University
Virginia, University of
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