(SANITIZED)THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN POLAND (SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A007600460001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 21, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 22, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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10 September 1959
Subject: 7~e Organization of the Construction industry in Poland
Table of Contents
Page
~1.~ Introduction --------------------------------------------- ~
~2:~, Private Construction -------------------------------------
~3} Cooperative Construction --------------------------------- -3
~_~+,? Housing -Cooperatives -----------------
'~51 Private F~znds for Housing -------------------------------- g
~,6~ Achievements in Housing ---------------------------------- 16
47 ----------------------------------------------- 22
~ ~ Conclusion
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I. The state .authorities and .organizations supervising the construction
industry and cooperating-with it.
Introduction.
The construction industry in Poland is charged and equipped by
the state for the realization of state investment plans. However, other
state organizations cooperate in the plan, and the construction industry
is not the only instrument. Therefore, before describing the organization
of the construction industry, the other organizations which are also
exclusively responsible for the realization of certain investment plans
will be mentioned briefly. They are: the state investment service, and
the state designing and consulting bureaus which. are closely connected
with the construction industry.
The investment service represents the functions of the investor who
in most cases is also tYie owner and the user. Because the role of the
investor in a construction project is manifold, a short description of
his responsibilities is necessary to a full explanation of the organiza-
tion of the construction industry. He is responsible for the acquisition
of ground and design .of the project, for buying and supply of machinery
and equipment, for technical supervision, in some cases for supply of
building materials, for direct cooperation in the final stage of realiza-
tion, i.e., turning over the project for exploitation, and several other
functions, all of which make him a very responsible partner in implemen-
tation of the construction project.
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1. The owner of an investment cs~nstruction project. Various forms
of ownership.
Each construction project has a strictly defined legal and
economic reln,tionship to the national economy. The assignment of tasks
connected with the realization of investments is r~:gidly and uniformly
defined. The forms of this regulation are firm and rather simple, but
for this reason inflexible and artificial practice causes enormous
The ownership of an investment construction project can legally
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be1,a.'ng to one of the following three categories: state, cooperative or
private. Private ownership is applied 8xclusively to small, one family
houses. Since 1957, the ownership of one apartment in a cooperative
apartment building was included in this category, but with great restric-
tions. Restrictions consist of provisions that such an apartment can-
not be sold without permission of the collective owner, i.e., the
cooperative, and that it cannot be sublet. However, the heredity law
concerning such an apartment is fully in force. This form of property
is just beginning; there is no experience as to its real functioning,
and because it is applied in so few cases it can be omitted in this
study.
The private ownership of newly built one family houses started
to develop to some extent since 1957, however the government is
supporting the construction of cooperative apartment houses more than
individual small houses.
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Cooperative ownership.
A cooperative -can be an owner of a large apartment building
(Blok mieszkaniowy) containing several apartments or of a group of
small houses, the so-called .colony of apartment houses (Kolonia domkow
mieszkalnych). Exceptionally a cooperative can own. also some other
service buildings, such as clubs, recreation buildings, or laundries,
but this is a rather rare situation. There are various types of housing
,cooperatives and .all of them are included in socialized, but not in
private, construction industry. In spite of that there are great
differences in their by-laws.
a~ Large housing cooperatives include the Warsaw Housing Coopera-
tive (Warszawska Spoldzielnia Mieszkaniowa), Poznan Housing Cooperative,
and cooperatives directly financed by the Central Union of Cooperatives,
which had large funds from the contribution of 2 percent of the turnover
of all cooperatives. I7iese large housing cooperatives do not differ from
a state investor and are the most privileged of all. A citizen living
in such .apartment buildingsbelonging to this kind of cooperative is not
an owner of his apartment.
b~ Workers factory housing cooperatives (Robotnicze spoldzielnie
mieszkaniowe przyzakladowe) are financed by the State and by the factory
fund of the individual factory and are administered by the workers autonomy
~(samorzad robotniczy). A worker living in such a housing settlement can be
owner of an apartment or house with limited ownership rights. Such
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apartments cannot be sublet, they can be given up with the permission
of the workers autonomy, but only to another worker, and in such case
the original owner gets his payments back. Such a house is paid for
by installments of 5000-6000 zlotys yearly for 20 to 30 years. The
average yearly wage of a worker was about 18,000 zlotys in 1958,
however a number of highly skilled workers earn about 36,000 zlotys
yearly and this category can easily pay the above mentioned 6,000 zlotys
as yearly installments.
c~ Cooperatives of universal construction (Spoldzielnie b,~idownictwa
powszechnego) can be organized by freely formed groups .(for this reason
the name "universal"~, which have to, be approved, however, by the Central
Union of Cooperatives.
carefully checked by the authorities from a political but not an
economic point of view. This kind of cooperative was illfavored in
comparison with the type b above in the allocation of plots, building
materials and credits.
The above distinction between large, factory, and universal housing
cooperatives has its: practical meaning in~this succession t~efines the
degree of privileges bestowed by the state on these cooperatives in
credits, allocation of land and materials, and in possibilities of hiring
a contracting enterprise. So, e.g., the large housing .cooperatives
are entitled to hire a state construction enterprise which .also supplies
the building materials or to order the construction by the cooperative
construction establishment which gives a guarantee of implementation
because it .also obtains building materials from the state allocation.
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