INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000200110007-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 10, 2006
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: September 1, 1999
• Content Type: REPORT

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V IVnIIt/1Yecm? TIMN T IAL SECURI INFORMATION
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO
COUNTRY USSR
;SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
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BULLETIN
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
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SOURCE. Monitored Broadcasts
CPW Report No. 30 -- USSR
(April 1-14, 1952)
The output on industrial activities for the past 2 weeks is largely familiar.
Poor production quality and rising costs are still emphasized as the major weaknesses
to be overcome Numerous industrial failings are brought to light in the Moldavian
Finance Ministers message to the current session of the Republic's Supreme Soviet.
Unlike his counterparts in the other Republics, the Minister also highlights the
issue of income tax evasion. The traditional drive to intensify socialist competi-
tion in honor of May nay is getting under way.
There is evidence of growing official concern about the so-called no-conflict-theory
which, as indicated in a previous CPW report, is gaining popularity among Soviet
playwright,._. The backward Russian and Ukrainian stage production is said to require
a great, deal of ideological treatment. The Soviet victory in the last war is credited
almost exclusively to the loyalty and superior personal qualities of the Great Russian
people, The ?Pnryth" of the age-old Russian backwardness is "exploded" in a recent
book on. ancient Russian culture.
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DATE OF
INFORMATION. April 1-14, 1952
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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FOR OFFICIAL USE' ONLY
CPW Report Noe 30-A
(April 1-14, 1952)
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
INDUSTRY ..................... 1
IDEOLOGICAL AFFAIRS .......... 3
GREAT RUSSIAN SUPREMACY ...... 6
MISCELLANEOUS ................ 6
avia~sl Performance Criticized: In his budget message to Supreme Soviet
of Moldavian SSR, Finance Minister Diorditsa reviews the serious shortcomings of
P"some ministries, administrations, and local organs" which fell short of their
qualitative and quantitative targets in 1951. Unproductive expenditure, violation
of R"financia1 discipline" and indifference to production quality, the Minister
declares, characterized the activities of most of them in the past year, and are
applicable to the work of some of them this year as well. Beginning with his own.
Ministry, Diorditsa admits that the collection of income taxes in 1951 remained
"underfufilled." Implicit reference to tax evasion by individuals and collective
farms is contained in the Minister's appeal to the financial organs and local
SoVitts "to insure complete respect for tax legislation" and see to it that all
the taxes due."from the population and kolkhozes" are collected on time. Much
stress is also laid on the "complete declaration of incomes to be taxed" since
such declarations admittedly lacked completeness in the past.
The failure of a number of industrial enterprises to insure the quantitative ful-
fillment of the 1951 plan is aggravated by the fact that most of them "have not
respected the range of products", and their quality. The Ministry of the Light
Industry is singled out as the most wasteful, having incurred losses of material,
fuel and other supplies to the tune of 4,800,000 rubles. Next in line is the
Repub:licg's lumber industry of whose ten enterprises only four managed to cope
with their plans, and the total loss sustained was 2,131,000 rubles. The capital
investment targets for 1951, it is revealed, were not achieved by several of the
major Ministries including those of Agriculture and Food. The Ministry for
Civilian Housing Construction "has improved its operations to a certain extent"
but two of its largest construction trusts, Nos. 1 and 2, failed "to achieve the
plan and.permitted the cost of building to rise." The only reference made to present
shortcomings is vague but the familiar terminology suggests a basic similarity
to the 1951 dh?awmbacks.. The Minister lists as "the most important instances" of
non-fulfillment. of industrial objectives (a) poor organization of labor, (b) slaw
mechanization of manual.work,and (c) unnecessary overhead expenditures.
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Another current shortcoming mentioned by Diorditsa is the hoarding of usable raw
materials (mijloace de circulatic) and even finished products by a "number" of
ministries, particularly by the Food Industry. Above-plan material reserves, he
reiterates, are illegal and the rapid turnover of such materials is "one of the
most important tasks" in the country's economic activities.
Complaints of high production costs are aired in broadcasts from Stalingrad and
Zaporozhye oblasts, both heavy industry areas. STALINGRADSKAYA PRAVDA (Apr. 5)
says that many of the Oblast enterprises, far from reducing production costs, as
scheduled, have actually raised them. The cost of metal production at the Krasny
Oktyabr plant, for example, has risen by more than 6 million rubles, and the
Stalingrad Tractor plant spends 4 percent more for making a tractor than specified
by the plan. The same applies to the shipyards and medical equipment plant which
are also said to "underestimate the necessity" of improving their qualitative Indexes
and to incur "large losses in materials and funds." A broadcast from Zaporozhye
(Apr. 10) quotes the chief engineer of the Ukrainian Water Constructions Organization
(Ukodbud) as admitting that "we have failed to fulfill our obligation" to reduce
production costs. Failure is also conceded in the mechanization of construction
work 'Leto the maxim,"
The overworked topic of quantity plus quality is discussed by KURSKAYA PRAVDA
(Apr. 3) in the context of housing construction. Henceforth, says the paper,
Socialist competition among the workers is to be used simultaneously for. the
pre-scheduled completion of plans and higher production quality. Only a combination
of both will daunts and achieving one without the other would be equivalent to
failure
m
The combined schedule must become law for every
builder, and a violation of this law must be con-
sidered as an extraordinary occurrence for the entire
body of workers.
Russian yersion&
Sovmeshchenniy grafik dolzhen stat zakonom dlia
kaazhdogo stroitelia, a egc narushenie chrezvychainym
proisshestviem dlia vsego kollektiva.
The production of building materials for housing and other construction in Tambov
Oblast is far from satisfactory, according to TAMBOVSKAYA PRAVDA (Apr. 5) Last
years plans remained uncompleted, and current production, the paper intimates,
leaves much to be desired. The Oblast is rich in raw building materials but their
processing is still "primitive and unsystematic." This point, however, is not
elaborated. The paper merely asserts that the growing demand for building
materials makes-it imperative for the local industries) industrial cooperatives,
and !collective farms to step up the production of bricks without delay.
OlSHEVTTS OYE ZNAI A (Apr. 11) calls upon all the scientific, engineering and
technical workei's to popularize 5takhanovite production methods and generally
lead the way in the rationalization (ratsionalizatsia) of industrial production.
This call is 'prompted by the "complete indifference to this problem" manifested by
such important organizations as the Scientific Research Technical Society of Welders
NITO svarshchikov), the Societies of Food Industry Workers and Railroad Workers.
iti's-unfortunate, says the paper,. that these and other unnamed) organizations show
"no interest in the needs of industry." Many administrators are said to be "afraid
of being botherej by various innovations and are satisfied to "let well enough
alb," There is no excuse for such an attitude, the paper concludes, and the fact
that such an approach to Stakhanovism is "against the State interests" makes any
argument on that point relevant,
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KAZAKHSTANSKAYA PRAVDA (Mar. 11) reveals that labor-consuming work has not yet been
mechanized in a number of large projects which have all the machinery they need--they
simply "make poor use of it" or donut use it at all. Among them are the Altai Lead
Mines Construction Trust (Altai-Svinets-Stroy), The Leninogorsk Lead Mines Construc-
tion Trust (Le.ninogorsk-Svinets-Stroy) and the Zyryanovsk Construction Project
(Zyryanovsk-Stroy). All of them are said to be behind in their construction program.
"Last year many enterprises in our oblast did not fulfill their State plans," says
MOLOT editorially on Apr. 10. The best that Socialist competition could do, it is
admitted, was to cut down the number of lagging enterprises. The reason is given in
the familiar "formalism" in the direction of competition. The paper expresses the
hope that the traditional pre-May competition (predmaiskoye sorevno-vanie) now
getting under way will produce better results. than in 1951. Pledges to increase
production and out production costs, it is claimed, are often made but seldom kept.
The miners of the "Zapadnaya Kapitalnaya" project, for example, have almost made it
a habit of committing themselves to greater achievements and then reneging on their
promises: "The schedule of the cyclic method is not being observed, the extraction
norms are neglected ...."
Little enthusiasm about Socialist competition is noted also by the chief engineer
of the Dnieper Constructions Organization (Dniepro-stroy). The heads of administra-
tions, sections and brigades, he says, "are not -creating the necessary conditions"
for the competing workers. One of those conditions, it is intimated, is encourage-
ment from above, and that is not always apparent: "the existence of formalism in
the leadership of competition is still hindering the creative initiative of the
workers." The engineer is particularly dismayed at the discovery that in a number
of the Ukrainian Water Constructions Organizations (Ukr-vodbud) "we have not found
records of obligations and results of competition ....'' Pre-May Socialist competition
is getting off to.a slow start among the Dniepropetrovsk heavy industry enterprises,
according to a.DNEPROVSKAYA PRAVDA editorial of Apr. 10. Only this, says the paper,
can account for -the failure of the Nikopol Southern Pipe Plant (Nikopolsky Yuzhno-
Trubniy Zavod) to fulfill, its quarterly production plan "in all respects." Among
the other industrial enterprises which have not eliminated their "long standing
production lag" are the Dneprovsk Industrial Construction Trust, the Dzerzhinsk
Construction Trust (DzerzMnsk-stroy) and the Krivoi Rog Construction Trust
(Krivorozh-etroy).
IDEOLOGICAL ALFFAI&S
Soviet DramriYara r ,Sc:~ru_tnized; . That Soviet stage production is in for some kind of
an "ideological overhauling" is evident from the increasingly dim view of that
branch of art taken by PRAVDA and RADYANSKA UI AINIA . As discussed in a previous
CPtW/ report, Soviet playwrights are accused of having taken the wrong approach
(nepravilniy podkhod) to the depiction of Soviet life and reality on the stage,
The "primi-tive theory of conflictiess dramaturgy," as it is officially referred to,
is said to have made large inroads an the Soviet stage precipitating a state of
ideological confusion,
An unsigned six-column PRAVDA article (Apr. 7, not broadcast) takes issue with this
new theory and admonishes the playwrights against it in unequivocal terms ; The idea
that life in the Soviet society is "ideal" (idealnaya) and without any conflicts
is all wrong, the paper declares, and the playwrights had better change their
attitude accordingly. Dramatic art must portray the conflicts of life--without it
there can be no dramaturgy (Dramat rgia dolzhna pokazyvat zhiznennie konflikty, bez
etogo net dramraturgii). There is no reference to the possibility that the recent
purges of art workers and the continuing official strictures about their ideological
errors might have prompted the adoption of the so-called no-conflict theory as
the safest way out . The pungency of the criticism directed.gainst the evasion of
conflicts., h ever, suggests that the playwrights' considerations of self-protection
may be a factor-
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The main reason for the poverty of dramatic art ... is
that the playwrights do not use profound conflicts of life
as the basis of their production--they bypass them.
Glavnaya prichina bednosti dramaturgii ... sostoit v
tom, chto dramaturgi ne kladut v osnovu svoikh pro-
izvedeniy glubokie, zhiznennie konflikty, obkhodiat ikh.
Recalled in this connection also are the views of the Commission on Dramatic Art
of the Writers Union made known at a recent conference to the effect that life in
the USSR is to be portrayed as a conflict "between the good and the better" (mezhdu
khoroshim i luchshim). Deriding this view as utterly wrong, PRAVDA is unusually
frank about what it calls the actual state of affairs: "not everything is ideal with
us ... there is no little evil in our life" (U nas ne vsyo idealno ... zla v nashei
zhizni nemalo). The primitive theory of "no conflict" and the equally primitive
stage production based on it, the paper continues, act as a brake on the development
of Soviet dramaturgy (stall tormazom v razvitii sovet-skoy dramaturgic) and account
for its backwardness.
A de-emphasis of the collective aspect of life and greater stress on individualism
(interesi lichnosti) are also suggested as one way of improving stage production,
and Stalin is quoted as authority for the statement that "Socialism cannot be
deflected away from the interests of the individual" (sotsialism ne mozhet otvlekatsia
of individualnikh interestv), Many of the recent plays that found their way to the
stage, the paper concludes, are just as prosaic as those dealing with the working
class and collective peasantry as a whole. Placing most of the emphasis on
technology, Socialist competition, and plan fulfillment, they are said to neglect
the, individual, the people, their culture and "spiritual world" (dukhovxy mir) .
Obviously taking its cue from PRAVDA, RADYANSKA UKRAINA (Apr. 11) discusses the new
no-conflict theory with reference to the Ukrainian playwrights in the same vein.
Not entirely immune from accusations of "hostile bourgeois nationalist ideology,"
the latter .re cautioned against the additional sin of subscribing to the no-conflict
theory of Soviet life:
The main reason for these failures (to produce ideologically
acceptable plays) is the fact that an erroneous and harmful
theory has spread among the writers of plays and, above all,
among critics in the Ukraine. i..
The paper reveals, in this connection, tha of the hundred or so Ukrainian plays
written in recent years "only a few have s ood the test of the times."
In a long article on Ukrainian ideological affairs published in PRAVDA and broad-
cast from Kiev on Apr. 1, the Secretary of the Ukrainian Central Party Committee
Melnikov inveighs against the "perversions and disruptions" (izvrashchenia i sryvy)
in a number of individual works of literature and the arts. The Marxist-Leninist
education of" Party and Soviet personnel as well as the intelligentsia, says Melnikov,
is still "the centre of attention" of the Ukrainian Party organizations. The
Secretary also reveals that the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party
has "un+covered serious shortcomings" (vskryl seryoznie nedostatki) in the syllabi
of Ukrainian literature and language, text books, and readers. One of the mentioned
shortcomings is that these books revealed a
superficial treatment of the questions of friendship of
the USSR peoples, Soviet patriotism and the interrela-
tions of Ukrainian and Russian literature ....
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Russian version:
v nikh poverlthnostno osveshchalis voprosy druzhby narodov
SSSR, sovetskago patriotizma, vzaimosvyazi ukrainskoy i
russkoy literatury ...
This superficial treatment, Melr_ikov discloses, has brought about a thorough
going official scrutiny of the ideological aspect of Ukrainian education, and the
manuscripts of a revised "History of the Ukrainian SSR" and "History of Ukrainian
Literature" have already been prepared.
Referring to the Western oblasts of the Ukraine, the Secretary says that although
the industrialization and collectivization programs have already produced good
results, there is still a big ideological, job to be done there. The Party organiza-
tions in Western Ukraine have not been sufficiently methodical in coping with ideol-
ogical problems: "Some of them approach that most important problem from L 'campaign'
point of view" (nekotorie iz nikh k etomu vazimeishemu delu podkhodiat po kampaneiski).
Greater emphasis must henceforth be placed on the education of the working people "in
the spirit of hatred for the bourgeois nationalists, the agents of Anglo-American
imperialists" (v dukhe nenavisti k burzhuaznikh natsionalistami-agentam anglo-
amerikanskik'n, imperialistov). The Lvov Party Committee, in fact, failed to do any-
thing about exposing bourgeois ideology and the "manifestations of Ukrainian bourgeois
nationalism ...." (proyavlenia ukrainskago bourzhuaznago natsionalizma).
Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party ShayakYmnetov points out (Apr. 10, not.
broadcast) that the leaders of the Kazakh Ministry of Education are still suffering
from , old. t cal oO to (politicheskaya blizorukost). It is this short-sightedness,
he says, that accounts for the "ideas alien to our people" (chuzhdie nashemu narodu
idei) which have been injected into the textbooks of Kazakh literature and language.
This problem, incidentally, is being solved in characteristic Soviet fashion: "lt
has been decided to compil? anew and publish text books and anthologies on Kazakh
literature and language" (Resheno zanovo sostavit i izdat uchebniki i khrestomatii
po kazakhekoy literature i yazyku). The Kazakh Academy of Sciences and Writers .
Union ar reminded that the improvement in their work is somewhat less than expected.
Grave shortcomings are said to have been revealed in. the training of scientific
cadres, and the Academy administration has tolerated "the fouling up of the apparatus"
(zasorenni.e apparata) with people lacking the necessary qualifications for scientific
work. (T ere is no indication, however, whether the mentioned qualifications refer
to academic training or political reliability.) The Kazakb. philologists, says
ahayakb etov, "have not yet changed their methods to conform with Stalin?s theory
on linguistic "g (do sikh por rie perestroili svoei raboty no osnove stalinskago
uchenia o yazyko:znanii), and the result is continuous "serious mistakes."
The Soviet reading public wants better books, says PRAVDA editorially on Apr. 6, and
the publishing houses had better do something about it. Now that a price ceiling
(nominal.) has been established on all printed matter, the demand for books has
enormously increased, and with it the demand for better books. A. good 'book, in the
paper?s opinion, is one that "carried the message of Marxism-Leninism" to the masses
and popularizes the experiences of Coimnunist construction. It is the chief task
of the Central Board of Political Publications (Glavpoligraphizdat) to reorganize
the various publishing organizations and prepare the ground "for work under new
conditions" (k rabote v novikh usloviakh). One of these new conditions, incidentially,
is to make it possible for publishing houses to operate without subsidies
(bezdotatsionnaya rabota). The chief emphasis, however, is on the type of books
to be published.
We must do everything to prevent the publication of
sensational and insipid books devoid of interest to the
public .... Publishing managers are required to strive
for a substantially higher ideological, scientific and
artistic level of all published literature.
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Nado prinyat vse mery protiv izdania khalturnikh, pustikh,
ne predstavlyayushchikh obshchestvennogo interesa knig ....
Ot rukovoditelei izdatelstv trebuyetsia, chtoby oni dobilis
seryoznago povyshenia ideinogo, nauchnogo i khudozhestvennogo
urovnia vsei vypuskayemoi literatury.
Su-Drema. of Great Russians Re-emphasized: In an anonymous talk for Marxism-Leninism
students on the Soviet victory in the last war (Home Service, Apr. 10), the speaker
says that the Russian Nation* again demonstrated its superiority to all the other
peoples comprising the USSR. The Russians indeed are credited with turning the
tide of the war and making ultimate victory possible. The Great Russians' "superiority"
is, according to the speaker, manifested in their personal characteristics which,
inferentially at least, are not possessed by the other Soviet nationalities:
It (the Russian Nationality) possesses a clear mind, stanch
character and sound patience .... The implicit loyalty of the
Russian Nation in the Soviet Government ,.. and the unreserved
support of Bolshevik Party and the Soviet Government by the
Russian Nation represented the decisive force which insured
the historic victory over the foe of humanity, fascism.
U nego yasniy um, stoikiy kharacter, raz-umnoye terpenie ....
Bezgr.nichnoye doverie russkago naroda sovetskomu pravitelstvu
it vsemernaya podderzhka russkim narodom bolshevistskoy partii i
sovetskogo pravitelstva okazalis toy reshayushchei siloy, kotoraya
obespechila istoricheskuyu pobedu nad vragom chelovechestvanad
fash i zn.oa
The views of the prerevolutionary Russian as well as Western historians that the
early Slag- civilization was inferior to that of the West are "cosmopolitan and
antipatriotic" says Prof. Voronin in his recent book on ancient Russian culture,
according to a broadcast from Moscow on Apr. 9. Age-old Russian backwardness is
merely an idea concocted by the "falsifiers of history" during the past few decades
and hams nothing in con on with the truth. The ancient Kiev Principality "vied
with Constantinople" and was equal to it in strength. Feudalism in Russia, it is
claimed, "did not impose cultural notions" imported from abroad but left indigenous
Slav culture intact, Far from being inferior to Western culture, Russian culture
was "in many ways" superior to it
Solar energy, according to Acad. Kirpichev (Apr. 6), can be used successfully for
heating and other purposes 9 months out of the year south of the Kiev-Kharkov-
Kattshin-Aktyubi..nsk line. Portable "solar mirror machines" consisting of paraboloid-
cylindrical mirrors are already in production. Soviet helio-engineers are said to
have obtained super-heated steam with a temperature of 470 degrees with the aid of
such paraboloid installations "even in winter."
That the street car is a Russian invention is "proved" in a book by Rzhysnitsky,
Doctor of Technology (Apr, 7). The Siemens-built German electric railway car in
*The word used here is "natsia", a term seldom employed in the Soviet vernacular
implying as it does a homogeneous cultural and linguistic group as well as race
in a biological sense.
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18.81 had 1:, .en c(. ),pied from the design of Igor Perovskyls tramcar built in St. Petersburg
i_:~-. 18?9: "idle first t ?a rays .in all countries were built according to Perovsky's
!Ws ign.aa'
t' En 'm c pr b c ad c ust of Apr d 7 quotes PRAY DA On the "creation" of two new towns of
a ;s = : ?Jbordinatio (cblastnogo podehinen.ia) in. Kuibyshev Oblast, One is
L"bAgcule' skp tsa t on of oil men and hydro-builders," and the other iR'1ovo-
Uityzi ieevsko
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