SOME USSR REPUBLICS FULFILLING 1952 FODDER PROCUREMENT PLAN; KAZAKH SOVKHOZES STRESS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700090243-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 10, 2011
• Sequence Number: 243
• Publication Date: October 30, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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SUBJECT Economic - Agriculture, crops, livestock
COUNTRY USSR
Daily, semiweekly, thrice-weekly newspapers
Moscow
12 - 15 Sep 1952
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
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REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SOME USSR REPTJBLI;;s FULF,LING 1952 FODDER PROCUREMENT PLAN;
KAZAKH SOVDiOZz? S?H2SS HEED QUALITY
umbers in parentheses refer to appended sources.
In 1952, kolkhozes of to c;^ntry considerably expanded sowings of fodder
root crops, ensilage craps, and a;nuai and perennial grasses; they improved hun-
dreds of thousands of hectare; of paotures and meadows. The natural and sown
grass hay crop is good elmoot? ev rjvhere.
As of 10 September, kolkhozes of Azerbaydzhan SSR had harvested 818,000
more metric tons of coarse rudder tsar as of the same date 1951 and had ful-
filled the hay procurement plan 143 percent and the ensilage storage plan 121
percent. Kolkhozes of Moldav:ar 55R had harvested 200,000 more metric tons of
coarse fodder than as of _?p-.er er 1951 and had fulfilled the eo.ailage stor-
ace plan 105 percent. Ko:k'.;zes :f *zbek SSR had harvested 230,000 more metric
tons of coarse foddr.: tr-r,: of t.nat late 1951. Ensilage storage is going well
in Izmail'skaya Oblast, r*?.::r. kolkl;o:es have fulfilled the plan 194 percent.
However, these rez.u +.. are not. general. In quite a few republics, krays,
and oblasts, kolkhozes a.,', nc,:_ fulfilling the fodder procurement plan. Those of
Gor'kovskaya and Saratovekaya cblao*c are examples; they have not learned a
lesson from their eyperian-e during the 1951 - 1952 winter, when fodder shortage
caused serious difficulti~:'
Kolkhozes and MIS e.:- ur^atiefactorily collecting and stacking straw. Ex-
amples are many of those :n Postovakaya, Stalingradskaya, and Voronezhskaya ob-
lasts and Stavropol'skly
Latvian SSR
Latvian flax groves a,-.a `arveet iug their crop at a rapid pace. By 11 Sep-
tember, considerably morn flax had been pulled than by the same date 1951. About
400 flax comb!nes and pullers are operating on kolkhoz fields; they will harvest
about 40 percent of the =own area.!2)
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More than 100 MTS have been created in the republic. Each year, the volume
of work performed by MTS in kolkhozes of the republic is increasing. But much
antimechanization sentiment prevails. Facts show that not everywhere in the re-
public is this sentiment actively being opposed and combated; such sentiment
shows up negatively on the progress of the grain harvest and delivery of grain
to the state.
In Shyaulyayskaya Oblast, combine productivity is low. Many threshing,
grain-cleaning, and grain-drying machines are poorly used. As of 10 September,
the plan for reaping of grain in kolkhozes of the Oblast had been met only 67.3
percent. Much cut grain has not been stacked or even tied into bundles; in con-
sequence, grain is lost and deliveries to the state are delayed.(3)
Belorussian SSR
The first rayons of Polesskaya Oblast have fulfilled the plan for delivery
of grain to the state. (4)
Ukrainian SSR
Very weather is speeding up ripening of cc.ton in Zaporozh'skaya Ob-
last. The bolls are opening and harvesting of raw cotton has begun.(5)
Moldavian SSR
The sunflower harvest has begun in the southern part of the republic. In
Tiraspol'skly Okrug, about :00 combines have been especially converted for har-
vesting sunflowers.(6)
An article, on "Grain Crops in Siberia," by A. Be.lozorov, director of the
Siberian Scientific Research institute of Grain Growing, contained the following
information:
In accordance with the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the agricultural workers of
the Urals, Siberia, and northeastern Kazakhstan face the task of raising grain
crop yields to 15-16 quintals per hectare and on irrigated land to 24-26 quin-ectare. kolkhozestals per
and task
testify to the
great possibilities of sharply increasing the yield of grain crops through gen-
eral application of the whole body of agrotechnical measures which promote a
continuing rise of agriculture.
In 1950, the gross grain harvest in Omskaya Oblast was twice as great as
the prewar level. On limited areas ranging between 60 and 1,500 hectares,
yields as high as 35 quintals per hectare were obtained.
In 1952, an especially unfavorable year, a comparatively high yield was ob-
tained in kolkhozes located in the forest steppe zone, where forests created
protection from dry winds. In selected kolkhozes, such yields were 11-25 quin-
tals per hectare.
Among the measures which will te;ure large, stable harvests in Siberia,
attention is directed first of all to a higher quality in working the soil. In
the last, dry years, the struggle against drought became an especially pressing
problem in the open steppe regions of Siberia. The idea that yield is dependent
on quality in working the soil, even though the amount of precipitation remains
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the same, runs like a thread through the works of the clasaieel Russian agrono-
mists. Only such working of the coil which leads to the creation of conditions
for maximum accumulation and maximum conservation of moisture gives good re-
sults. The last years have heavily underscored the significance of measures
which accomplish these ends.
Early clean summer fallow is a most effective means in the struggle against
weeds and for moisture conservation. On really clean summer fallow, Siberian
kolkhozes and sovkhozes every year obtain yields as high as 20 to 35 quintals
per hectare. Even in the c,.rrent dry year, 12-16 quintals per hectare were
reaped in the open steppe and 18-25 quintals in the forest steppe regions. It is
general, however, that kolkhozes do not prepare really early and clean summer
fallow on which to sow wheat the next spring. In August and September, when the
harvest is reaped, summer fallow grows over with weeds which deplete the soil of
moisture.
fallowStofillthemorSiberiane kReseeaarchf Institute p of n Grviln wheat
,rowing inbthek
spring of 1951 under unfavorable weather conditions yielded 21.5 quintals per
hectare on the average. Spring wheat sown on black fallow of the institute in
the spring of 1952 under still more unfavorable climatic conditions, since be-
tween 1 September 1951 and 1 September 1952 only 170 millimeters of precipita-
tion fell at the institute, yielded 12 quintals per hectare; at the same time,
some 1olkhozes of Siberia harvested not more than 6-8 quintals per hectare from
so-called "black fallow."
Sometimes, agrotechnical measures intended to raise the yield fail to ac-
complish the purpose. This failure occurs when they are carried out disconnect-
edly, out of relation to the whole body of measures, at improper times, and
carelessly. Measures which fail to produce results if performed in ways just
stated include harrowing or summer and winter fallow, cultivation prior to sow-
ing, shallow plowing of stubble, and plowing of winter fallow.
Other important measures for raising the yield of grain crops in Siberia
are crop rotation (in which :k,,Lehr: of the region are not consistent), sowing
of good varieties of seed, timely s.;w;ng, application of granulated commercial
fertilizers together with local fertli1 ers, snow retention, planting of shelter
belts (those already planted are often not cared for), and construction of
ponds.(2)
Other sources give the following information on harvesting:
In the steppe regions of Altayskiy Kray, reaping of grain crops should be
finished by 5 September, since after that date strong winds set in and shatter
the grain still standing; grain harvested afterward yields one to two times
less.(7)
The sugar beet harvest is developing in kolkhozes of Altayskiy Kray.
There are now 41 IPS (incubator and fowl-raising stations) in Bashkirskaya
ASS1t. In 1952, incubation work was begun one month earlier than in 1951. The
stations produced and delivered to kolkhozes more than 5 million chicks; this
number was four times more than before the war.(8)
So far, many Chelyabinskaya Oblast sovkhozes have not yet created the sup-
plies of coarse fodder necessary for the winter. Since they have large areas
sown to grain crops, they could cover the hay deficiency almost fully by col-
lecting straw from the fields. But, there is a disinclination to do this in
some sovkhozes.(7)
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By 12 September, mass harvesting of cotton had begun in kolkhozes of Dag-
estanekaya ASSR.(5)
In Krasnoyarskiy Kray, 30 rayons have finished sowing of winter crops sev-
eral days earlier than in 1951. Most kolkhozes of the kray are sowing accord-
ing to the close-row and crisscross methods.(2)
Kazakh SSR
Kolkhozes of Dzhambulskaya Oblast have grown a good sugar beet crop.(6)
An article by 3h. Kospanov, chief of the Administration of Animal Husbandry,
Ministry of State Farms Kazakh SSR, contained the following information:
Out of 170 sovkhozes under the ministry, 159 raise sheep but only 30 are
specialized sheep-raising sovkhozes. During the last 3 years and 6 months, the
number of sheep has increased 82.8 percent, including fine-wooled and semifine-
wooled sheep 1.6 times. During this time, the yield of fine and semifine wool
has increased by 3,690 quintals. Fine and semifine wool constitutes 75 percent
of all wool delivered to the state by sovkhozes.
The number and quality of rams raised for sale has increased considerably.
Out of 6,792 breeding rams sold in 1948, 4,285 were first-class types; during
the first 8 months of 1952, despite very heavy demand, 4,557 out of 6,845 ani-
mals sold were first-class types. Altogether, more than 10,000 breeding rams
will have been sold by the end of 1952.
Sovkhozes are expanding the fodder base. During the past 3 years, the
perennial grass area increased 1.5 times and the annual grass area in excess of
1.5 times. Sowings of ensilage crops increased three times; ensilage prepared
from wild and sown grasses was stored in 1.5 times greater quantity. Procure-
ment of fodder root crops and cucurbits doubled. Even so, however, the fodder
base continues to lag behind the increase in number of head. Although shelters
were built for 307,000 head of sheep during the 3-year period, shelters were
adequate fnr only 50 percent of the total number of head during the winter of
1951 - 1952. Inadequacy of the fodder base and shortage of shelters sharply
retards reproduction of fine-wooled sheep and a further increase in their prod-
uctivity.
During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the number of all sheep in sovkhozes of
the republic is to increase 1.2 times over the number on 1 January 1951; fine-
wooled and semifine-wooled sheep are to increase almost three times. To attain
these increases, 14 meat sovkhozes and six meat and dairy sovkhozes have al-
ready been converted to sheep raising. Concrete measures are planned for in-
creasing the fodder base and expanding the number of shelters.(7)
Kirgiz SSR
Kolkhozes of Kirgiz SSR have grown a good cotton crop. Mass harvesting of
cotton is developing in the southern portion of the republic. Many new cotton-
harvesting machines and tractors are operating on the fields. Planes of agri-
cultural aviation are treating the cotton chemically for the purpose of removing
the leaves before harvesting by mechanical pickers.(3)
It was announced at the Frunzenskaya Oblast party conference that kolkhozes
of the blast had grown a good grain harvest and had fulfilled the plan for de-
livery of grain to the state ahead of schedule. The fodder base and construc-
tion of livestock shelters is lagging behind the increase in number of head of
livestock.(1)
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SOURCES
1. Pravda, 15 Sep 52
2. Sotsialisticheskoye Zemledeliye, 12 Sep 52
3. Izvestiya, 13 Sep 52
4. Ibid., 12 Sep 52
5. Sovetskoye Khlopkovodstvo, 13 Sep 52
6. Sotsialisticheskoye Zemledeliye, 14 Sep 52
7. Sovkhoznaya Gazeta, 13 Sep 52
8. Sotsialisticheskoye Zc 'ledeliye, 13 Sep 52
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