SOVIET LONG-DISTANCE POWER TRANSMISSION LINES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600390463-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 18, 2011
• Sequence Number: 463
• Publication Date: May 29, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19 :CIA-RDP8O-OO8O9AOOO6OO39O463-5
COUNTRY
SUBJECT' .
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ,. REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
CLASSIFICATION, CONFIDEATIALCQl~F~DE~Ti?~~
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
Scientific -Electricity, power lines
DATE DIST. 2 9 May 1951
Monthl~r periodical
Moscow - N0. OF PAGES 2
?1Vov 1950
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
iNl! DOCU Y[NT CONTAINS INIORYA'ION Af1[CTINO TN[ NATIONAL D[![N!!
Ot TNl VNITLD STAY[! NITNIN TNl Y[ANIN[ 0/ ![PTO NAD[ ACT RO
V. 6. C., !1 ANO Di, A! ANIND[D. 1T6 iRAN!!I!lION 00. iNl R[Y[LATION
OR IT[ CONT[NTf IN ANY yANNLR TO AN UNAUTNORIZID I[RlON 16 IRO?
SOURCE
Nauka i Zhizn', No 11, 1950, PP 42-43.
The Moscow Power System unites a great many electric power stations. In a
few years, the Kuybyshev and Staling~?ad GES (hydroelectric power stations) will
be incorporated in it. The Volga giants will deliver up to 10-billion kwhr of
electric energy each year to the Moscow Power System by means of long-distance
transmission 11nes. These lines will be the longest in the world, for it is over
900 km from Kuybyshev to Moscow and over ?1,000 km from Stalingrad to Moscow.
the maximum length of existing transmission lines is 300.-350 km with a transmitted
power of 300,000 kw.
As a results of thorough studies, Soviet scientists determined that the most
favorable voltage for ac power transmission from Kuybyshev and Stalingrad to ,
Moscow was 400 kv instead of the 220 kv now used in high=power networks. Higher
voltages would necessitate larger towers, thicker insulation, and higher con-
structipn costs. MoreoveY~, use o? 400 kv helps solve. the. main problem in long-
diatance transmission, namely'stabi.lity.
The ,generators oP all stations in a power system must operate at constant
speed; a speed which is d,etex?mi.ned by the electromagnetic forces developed in
each generator. But these forces decrease with an increase in the length of the
line, and abrupt changes of the load disturb para11z1 operation. Some of the
turbines used to?drive the generators continuously pick up speed and all the
powex''developed is expended on this acceleration runaway conditioJ.
Soviet scientists discovered the causes of these effects and developed methods
of controlling them in existing transmission lines. 'However, they have not yet
solved the problem of controlling electromagnetic forces on very long lines so that
the generators~of?the ICmybyshev and Stalingrad GES will always rotate in conformity
with the generators of tho other Volga stations of the Moscow power system at Iva-
novo, Uglich, and,Shcherbskovo (over 1,000 km distant).
Planning very long lines to transmit enormously high power requires exact
mathematical analysis and thorough experimental ?verifibat'lom of all processes
on models.. ~ ~~
~, -~ _
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19 CIA-RDP8O-OO8O9AOOO6OO39O463-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600390463-5
C6N~~~~.s~ ~ ~r~~.
The first part of a working model of the Kuybyshev GSS has been built under
the supervision of V, A. Venikov, Canaidate in Technical Sciences, in the lister
Power Laboratory of~the Moscow Power Engineering Institute imeni Molotov (direc-
tor, Professor T, L. Zolotarev, Doctor of Technical Sciences. The model consists
oY two turbines, two generators, and a very long transmission line. A, Vo Ivanov-
Smolenskiy, Candidate in Technical Sciences; L, S. LiYehita, engineer; and 0, I.
Zeyegofer, engineer; also worked on this model. However, there is no model oY.the
Volga and?the dame which Yorm the reservoirs Yeeding the turbines, nor are there
a.ny high towers and overhead lines. TWO heavy-duty pumps send water into a tank
to provide a head. The water, flowing through a pipe into the lsboratory, drives
a small turbine connected with the generator.
Each 'transmission line wire, r?ough].y 1,000 ~ long, is represented in the
model by 20 copper wire coils and capacitors. Each coil with its capacitor.cor-
responds in electrical properties to 50 km oY the planned trunk line. To this
transmission line, an ac voltage of 400 v is applied -- one thousandth oY the
planned transmission line voltage.
At times, there may be a considerable increase in the capacitance oY trans-
mission lines; the longer the line, the greater the capacitance. Enormous stores
of energy will accutmulate and the voltage will rise. IY no Provision is made Yor
such high voltages, the insulation, not merely of the lines, but also of the
transformers, generators, and other equipment of the system may break down. The
institute is studying these effec,,s to find the best method of coping with them.
When the second part of the modal is finished, it will be connected ihPV GE.
:he Moscow Power System so that all the operating conditions of the Kuyby-__. S
can be thoroughly examined. The model will make possible Yull iuveatigatdon both
of the purely electrical phenomena and of the mechanical and hydrau]ic processes
associated with hydraulic turbines and their regulators.
~~~FiDE~ y ~A~
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600390463-5