HUNGARIAN ELECTROFICATION PLAN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060023-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: April 23, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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F
COUNTRY Rumania
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950 - 195,
DATE DIST. 2.3 Apr 1952
NO. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
RUMANIAN ELECTRIFICATION PLAN
(lumbers in parentheses refer to appended sources]
Rumania possesses rich natural sources of power in its rivers," forests,
and Tmdergrotmd wealth. However, before 1946, no effort was made to conserve
expendable natural resources such as coal, gas, petroleum, and wood. The MR
(Rumanian People's Republic), since its establishment, has instituted programs
for the utilization of water power and cheap fuels, to conserve natural re-
sources. The electrification plan will be instrumental in converting to the
use of hydroelectric power from streams and rivers, and of thermoelectric power
from plentiful low-grade fuels.(1).
Reserves of natural power resources in the RPR are as follows:
Black coal and anthracite (million tons)
Brown coal and lignite (million tons)
Peat (million tons)
Petroleum (million tons)
Petroleum gas (recovered, billion cu m)
Natural gas (methane, billion cu m)
Water power
Average annual output (million kw
Minimum annual output (million kw3
5.93
2.27
Actually, little is known in the RPR concerning the extent of coal re-
serves since no comprehensive geological survey of the country was ever under-
taken. Black coal is found in the Banat and in small quantities in the Severin
region. Total black coal extracted in Rumania in 1939 was 289,000 tons. Soft
coal is found especially in Transylvania and Northern Moldova. It possesses
small heating value and is of limited industrial significance.
STATE
ARMY
LNSRB DISTRIBUTION
I FBI 77-
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Lignite is the most abundant form of coal in the entire country. Mo_'e
than half of the total deposits are found in Oltenia. Other important deposits
are located in the regions of Prahova, Arges, Bihor, Stalin, and Severin.
Small quantities of lignite occur in Bihor, Timisoara, Hunedoara, and other
localities. Extraction of lignite is at present limited to thin strata of an
average thickness of one to 2 meters, located near the surface. Crude lignite
of the type which occurs in Rumania has a moisture content of 30-40 percent
and is a poor heat producer, yielding only 2,700-3,500 calories per kilogram.
The chief deficiency of this fuel is its tendency to decompose and lose 'c~io?ic
value upon extraction from older deposits.
Brown coal is also found in large quantities, approximately 95 percent
being located in the Jiu Valley at Petrosani, Lupeni, Vulcan, and Livazeni.
Smaller deposits also exist in northern Transylvania and in the regions of
Bacau, Cluj, and Stalin. In the Jiu Valley, extraction f.s limited to two types
of strata, 20-60 meters thick and 1-5 meters thick. Brown coal in the Jim
Valley can be used successfully in industry and is an especially good locomo='..
tive fuel.. Brown coal from the Lupeni region can be made into coke since its
composition is close to that of black coal. In 1939, production of brown coal
and lignite totaled' 2,183,000 tons. The output in 1948 again exceeded'2 mil
lion tons. Present plans call for production of 8 million tons by 1955. ffos-
sibly indicates all types of coal.
Peat, found principally in Transylvania and in the Danube delta, was ex-
ploited on a very small scale before 1946.(2,3) "
In addition to the various types of coal, petroleum is an important source
of power. The principal deposits are in the regions of Prahova and Dambovita.
Rich reserves are also located in the regions of Bustenari and Campina. Annual
production of petroleum in Rumania in thousands of tons was as follows:
?`L
1929
122
236
27
236
2
938
4,650
7,213
8,720
7,190
6,642
6,292
1940
1941
1942
1944
1945
1946
5,920
5,500
5,665
3,525
4,680
4,250
A third source of power is natural gas. Rumanian natural-gas deposits are,
for the most part, located in Transylvania, principally in the vicinity of
Sarmasul.. The gas is almost pure methane. Annual production in millions of
cubic meters b3tween 1939 and 1944 was as follows:
2
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
358.5
334.7
362.0
470.8
608.0
474.3
Productl.on in 1948 rose to 1.3 billion cubic meters.
Wood is still an important source of power. The forested areas of Rumania
consisted of approximately 6.5 million hectares before World War II. The annual
growth o'f forest was estimated.to'be 1,6 million-cubie meters of-wood, whereas
annual cutting was 20 or more million cubic meters.-.
Water power resources have been utilized to a relatively small degree in
the past. In 1934, there were only 92 hydroelectric stations with a combined
output of 52,000 kilowatts. Present output of hydroelectric stations does not
exceed 75,000 kilowatts, or 3.3 percent of the country's minimum capacity.(2)
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Thus, despite the abundance of cheap power sources as represented by
streams, brown coal, and methane, until acently firewood and petroleum have
been the chief sources of power. The annual average production of power ac-
cording to source, between 1937 and 1949, was as follows:
137-13
1950
Wood
28.7
coal
25.9
19.8
Petroleum
26.1
20.8
Natural gas
17.2
40.3
Hydroelectric
2.1
8.0
Other fuels
2.1
Expendable natural resources which must be preserved for the future welfare
of the country provided 70 percent of the power output of the RPR. Inex-
haustible sources provided only 30 percent. (1',2)
The solution to this problem is sought in the electrification plan
which proposes to make cheap electricity the chief source of power in the
RPR. Annual production of Rumanian electric power stations in millions of
kilowatt-hours was as follows between 1938 and 1949:
128
1940
1941
1943
1946
1949 (plan)
1,148
1,130
1,170
1,600
700
1,350
Thi') electrical energy was produced as follows (in millions of kilowatt-
hours):
1938 1940
1941
By stations for general use 568 529
By stations for industrial use 580 601
540
630
Total output of electric power stations throughout the country according
to type of station (in thousands of kilowatts) is as follows:
1938
1940
1941
1947
Total output
5].0.5
504
533
702
By stations for general use
262.5
250
263
342
By stations for industrial use
248.0
254
270
360
The output of stations for general use according to type of generator
is as follows:
1933
1947
Steam-driven turbine
70.0
37.3
Diesel
15.0
54.8
Hydroelect:~-
14.6
7.6
Simple oil gine 'i]
0.4
0.3
The division of electric power stations for general use, grouped ac-
cording to output, as of 1 January 1948, was as follows:
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Out ut Gro s No of Sta Totalut Av Output
o-loo 69 6.0 87
100-1,000 87 34.8 4oo
1,000-5,000 19 40.6 2,135
5,000-10,000 6 44.3 7,380
10,000-25,000 6 103.4 17,230
25,000-50,000 1 28.0 28 000
50,000-ioo,ooo 1 '
85.5 85,000
In 1950 there were no static,:is capable of producing 100 megawatts of power.
Thirty-four percent of the stations will produce 100 megawatts or over in
1955, and 38 percent in 1960.
The total output of electric energy by hydroelectric stations during
1948 - 1949 was 16 million kilowatt hours. (1,2,)
Water reserves represent a power output of more than 5 million kilowatts.
If it were calculated that .6 kilogram of conventional fuel are required per
kilowatt-hour (7,000 Kcal [l~c?rge calorie per kilogram) and the total energy
consumption is 20 billion kilowatt-hours per year, Rumanian water power re-
serves would be the equivalent of 12 million year tons of conventional fuel.
Under the electrification plan of the RPR, power from hydroele-trio and
thermoelectric stations will represent 8.7 percent of the total energy out-
put of the country in 1951. This will rise to 21.2 percent in 1955 and 50.2
percent in 1960. In the next 10 years, 13 thermoelectric stations with an
installed power of 1,039,000 kilowatts will be constructed, chiefly for the
use of low-grade fuel. Thus, for example, the Petrosani thermoelectric sta-
tion will utilize low-grade coal which is not used at present, as well as
waste products of the Hunedoara coke enterprise. The stations at Filipestii-
De-Padure, Doiceati, and Valisoara will consume lignite in place of high-grade
fuel.
The reduction of the use of high-quality fuel for thermoelectric produc-
tion is planned as follows:
1950
7T5
High-grade fuel 93 57.6 43
Law-grade fuel 7 42.4 57
Large stations (over 100 megawatts) equipped to produce steam at 100 atmospheres
of pressure at 550 degrees centigrade will be constructed to utilize low-grade
fuel. Up to the present, the only boilers available were capable of a maximum
pressure of 4G atmospheres. The Loeffler boiler of the Grozavesti plant is the
only high-pressure boiler now in use. High-pressure boilers are important for
their fuel economy. An increase in pressure from 15 atmospheres at 350 degrees
centigrade to 30 atmospheres at 450 degrees centigrade effects a reduction of
25-30 percent in fuel. A further increase to 100 atmospheres at 480 to 500
degrees centigrade leads to an additional 13-14 percent reduction.
The use of low-grade fuels will necessitate the construction of larger
power stations capable of efficient burning of inferio?: materials. Such sta-
tions could utilize fuels which contain large amounts of cinders and slag and
have a high moisture content. The saving of petroleum products alone is illus-
trated by the following table. The production of electrical energy from petro-
leum products in percentage of total energy produced will be reduced as follows:
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1950 1951 953
1955
Fuel oil 19.6 1.4.0 11.6 9.3
Diesel oil 9.6 8.04 7.75 3.63
Total 29.2 22.04 19.35 12.93
The construction of large thermoelectric stations will permit the forma-
tion of widespread electric power systems throughout the country. These
systems will be interconnected wherever possible. In remote areas, regional
networks will be formed. High-tension lines carrying 220 kilovolts will trans-
port current between systems,. Lines connecting stations will carry 6o-110 kilo-
volts-W. The expansion of the power network frill permit' the ' exchange of
electrical energy with nulgaria. On the basis of an agreement between the two
countries, signed in July 1949, a high-voltage line has been completed between
Bucharest and Ruse to supply that region of Bulgaria with power for industrial
and agricultural use. In the future, when the Bulgarian portion of I" system
is completed. portions of Rumania will receive cheap hydroelectric power from
Bulgaria,(27
Industry will cons,me approximately 60 percent of the total electrical
energy in the M. Fifty percent of this will be used in processes that re-
quire high temperatures, such, as those in the chemical industry. Thirty per-
cent will be used in low-temperature processes and operations. Twenty percent
will be used to operate machinery. Low-temperature processes are those in which
boilers have a maximum, temperature of 200 degrees centigrade.(1)'
Another large consumer will be agricultuze. At the beginning of 1950, only
427 or 3.3 percent of all villages used electricity, while at the same time 92.5
percent of the cities were electrified. The electrification of agriculture will
be pressed, since it is estimated that one kilowatt of power does the work of
eight agricultural workers. Small power stations will be constructed in rural
areas for immediate local use. These stations will produce up to 500 kilowatts
each, for a total of 40,000 kilowatts by the end of the Five-Year Plan. Addi-
tional small station will be established t,) operate small-scale enterprises
utilizing local agricultural raw materials. Such enterprises will engage in the
extraction of cotton seed, the ratting of hemp, and the production of powdered
milk, preserved foods, and other items.1;l,2)
Urban electrification, too, will be increased. At. present, Bucharest is
supplied by a whole group of electric power stations. Among them are the
Grozavesti steam-turbine station, the Filaret diesel-powered station, which
generates 11,900 kilowatts, the Dobresti hydroelectric stations, generating
16,000 kilowatts, and the Situl-Golesi and other stations formerly owned by the
Concordia Company, Stations once owned by Concordia supply the city with 145
million kilowatt-hours annually.
The Rumanian electrotechnical industry comprised 61 enterprises with a
total of 3,744 workers, as of 15 October 1947. Gross output of these enter-
prises in 1939 was 700 million lei, or approximately one percent of the gross
output of production in all Rumanian industry,
1. Bucharest, Frobleme Econcmtce, Oct 1951
2. Moscow, Elektrichestvo, Apr 1950
3. Problem Economice, Mar 1951
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