DEPARTMENT OF STATE BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH AUTOMATED INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT STUDY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP89B01354R000100170061-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 1, 2010
• Sequence Number: 61
• Publication Date: September 1, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

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Director of
Central
Intelligence
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
BUREAU Of INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH
AUTOMATED INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT STUDY
Prepared for the
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
by the Intelligence Community Staff
Coof -- a1
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE
BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH
AUTOMATED INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT STUDY
September 1983
(All portions of this document are UNCLASSIFIED
with the exception of pages 11, 12, and 27
which are classified CONFIDENTIAL.)
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PAGE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION
Authority for Study ............................................................................................ 5
IC Staff/INR ...................................................................................................... 5
INR Study Methodology .................................................................................... 5
MISSIONS AND OBJECTIVES
INR Missions ...................................................................................................... 6
INR Automation Objectives .............................................................................. 6
ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT STATUS
DOS Organization .............................................................................................. 7
INR Organization .............................................................................................. 7
INR ADP Support .............................................................................................. 10
INR ADP Financial Status ................................................................................ 11
INR AUTOMATED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
System Requirements .......................................................................................... 12
Additional Requirements .................................................................................... 13
INR ADP SYSTEM STATUS
System Background ............................................................................................ 14
Present System .................................................................................................... 14
Planned System Configuration .......................................................................... 17
Planned Office Space .......................................................................................... 19
COMPARISON OF EXISTING NFIP ADP SYSTEMS
MAXI System .................................................................................................... 19
SAFE System ...................................................................................................... 22
Analysis of Systems ............................................................................................ 23
CONCLUSIONS AND ADP PLAN
Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 24
INR ADP Plan .................................................................................................... 25
Resource Implications ........................................................................................ 26
APPENDIX
Proposed Statement of Work .............................................................................. 29
III
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List of Figures
1. Organization Chart-Department of State .................................................. 8
2. Organizational Chart-Bureau of Intelligence and Research .................... 9
3. INR's Present Operating Configuration ...................................................... 15
4. INR's Planned Operating Configuration .................................................... 18
5. INR's Planned Office Space ........................................................................ 20
List of Tables
1. Location of INR's Model 40 Terminals ...................................................... 16
2. INR's ADP Upgrade Resource Requirements ............................................ 27
iv
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This study of the automated support found within the Department of State's
Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) is provided to the House Permanent
Select Committee on Intelligence pursuant to the Classified Annex to the Commit-
tee's Report 98-189 accompanying the Intelligence Authorization Bill for Fiscal Year
1984 (H.R. 2968). The Committee requested that a study be undertaken by the
Director of Central Intelligence to report upon the following to the Committee by
September 30, 1983:
- definition of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research's automation
requirements;
- identification of Community ADP developmental efforts or systems currently
in operation which may be applicable to the Bureau's needs;
- establishment of a plan for achieving an improved ADP capability for the
Bureau within a reasonable period of time; and
- development of resource recommendations to be factored into the FY 1985
budget development process.
The Study Officer for this study, Mr. David J. Walrath, was assigned from the
Intelligence Information Handling Committee of the Intelligence Community Staff
(IC Staff). The Study Officer reviewed available documentation regarding the INR
system and other similar Intelligence Community systems and conducted interviews
with the staffs of INR, State's Information Systems Office (ISO) and Office of
Communications; the Air Force Intelligence Service staff; CIA/DIA's SAFE Project
Office; and the MAXI prime contractor, Inco, Inc., to prepare this study. This study
has been reviewed by the management of the Department of State and the IC Staff.
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research presently has installed a single Digital
Equipment Corporation PDP 11/70 computer with one magnetic disk unit. Message
traffic is received on dedicated circuits from NSA and CIA into this system. If an in-
telligence analyst desires to retrieve a message, the analyst has to obtain the
message's number and retrieve it based upon this information. The system also
provides the analyst with the capability of viewing incoming traffic immediately upon
receipt in the INR system. FLASH and CRITIC messages are displayed immediate-
ly. In addition to this system, INR also has access to COINS (Community On-Line
Information System) and the State Department's Foreign Affairs Information
Management System (FAIS) via separate terminals to each. An analyst is required to
query each of these systems separately if, in the production of an intelligence report,
the analyst desires to obtain available information from each system.
Since 1975-1976 INR, with the support of State's ISO, has been attempting to
upgrade the present system. The present system has evolved from this effort but has
not achieved the desired features envisioned in the mid-1970s.
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CONFIDENTIAL
In order to satisfy the demanding intelligence production problem which is
required of INR, the intelligence analyst must have access to all sources of
information as quickly and as accurately as possible. The current system does not
presently provide this capability. INR requires a system which will provide the
following operational functions:
- automatic dissemination of incoming messages from CIA, NSA, and Depart-
ment of State;
- message retrieval capability;
- system interfaces to COINS and FAIS through the analyst's terminal;
- message preparation capability (a word processing suite of functions);
- message transmission capability; and
- analyst's working files.
Other functions such as security, automatic receipt and acknowledgement of
special messages, ease of operation and support, and 24-hours-per-day, 7-days-per-
week operation are inherent in INR's automated system requirements.
A review of available ADP systems, either in the development phase or currently
in operation, was made throughout the Intelligence Community. The only systems
which appeared to approach INR's requirements were the MAXI system, developed
by the Air Force under the CUBIC program, and the CIA/DIA SAFE system. The
SAFE system is not presently an integrated analyst support system, and it would be
very difficult and extremely costly to incorporate SAFE into the ADP support role for
INR. The MAXI system, however, is in operation at fourteen DODIIS installations,
and its capabilities appear to mesh with INR's requirements.
The MAXI system is designed to support an analyst by providing a medium size
configuration. The MAXI's UNIVAC 1652 terminal is being replaced with a less ex-
pensive, but fully compatible, terminal. The use of one PDP 11/70 could provide INR
with ADP support to meet its immediate requirements. A two PDP 11/70 configura-
tion could provide INR with its long-term requirements. The MAXI system has been
well received by the DODIIS community, and the Air Force has provided excellent
technical support.
Based upon the analysis found within this study, it is concluded that INR's ADP
support has progressed on a piecemeal fashion since 1976. INR has had high
expectation for its ADP support, and they have not materialized. Because of stringent
personnel and funding limitations, ISO has been unable to deliver a responsive system
to date. In order to overcome these problems, it is recommended that the following
ADP plan be executed by INR with support from the IC Staff, other offices of the
Department of State, OMB, and the Congress:
? Continue with the installation and implementation of the COINS interface.
? Continue with the development and implementation of the profiles software
capability for the distribution of NSA traffic based upon TAGS, if it proves to
be satisfactory.
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CONFIDENTIAL
? Engage a contractor for a seven-month period to determine INR's 1984-1995
ADP requirements. The results of this analysis would include an examination
of the MAXI system and other proven information handling systems as a
possible candidate to meet INR's requirements. As a result of this analysis, a
determination should be made either to proceed with further development of
the present INR system or to install the MAXI or some other alternate system.
? Designate, select, or hire an individual reporting to the Deputy Secretary for
INR who would work within INR and whose only responsibility would be to
manage the upgrade of INR's ADP support. A "Verification and Validation"
(V&V) contractor should be hired to support this individual.
? Purchase no additional terminals, OCR, etc., to support INR's ADP until the
above study is completed.
? A technically competent individual from the IC Staff should be assigned the
responsibility to monitor, offer suggestions, and aid in the development of
INR's ADP support.
? Because the Information Systems Office will become engaged in their own
major system upgrade, INR should contract elsewhere for system support.
In order to implement the above recommendations, an additional appropriation of
funds or reprogramming of FY 1984 resources will be required. Subsequent to initial
hardware acquisition for the present system, the resources allocated to ADP support
within INR have been small or non-existent. In order to obtain ADP par with other
Intelligence Community organizations, a little more than $3 million will have to be
spent for ADP support over the next five years. Without adequate INR staff support,
which is found within the recommendations, no resources of this magnitude should be
provided.
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This section describes the authority and requirements for this study, the past and
existing relationships between the Intelligence Community Staff (IC Staff) and the
Department of State's (DOS) Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), and the
study methodology chosen to investigate the automation requirements at INR.
Authority for Study
Within the Classified Annex to the House Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI) Report 98-189 which accompanied the Intelligence Authoriza-
tion Bill for Fiscal Year 1984 (H.R. 2968), the Committee requested that a study be
undertaken by the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) to investigate and report by
30 September 1983 on automation support at INR. The following paragraph is
extracted from the above:
"The Committee finds that INR lags woefully behind in its efforts to provide
automated intelligence support to its analysts. While this shortfall may be due in part
to INR's physical location problems, the Committee is convinced that another
contributing factor is the lack of a capability on the IC Staff to identify such ADP
gaps within the Community and to help solve them. The Committee directs,
therefore, that the DCI undertake a study which (a) defines INR's automation
requirements, (b) identifies Community ADP development efforts or systems current-
ly in operation which may be applicable to INR's needs, and (c) establishes a plan for
achieving an improved ADP capability for INR within a reasonable period of time.
This study should be completed no later than September 30, 1983, in order that relat-
ed resource recommendations may be factored into the fiscal year 1985 budget
development process. The Committee also desires that it be provided a summary of
the results of the study within 15 days of completion."
IC Staff/INR Relationships
Throughout the past several years the IC Staff has monitored the ADP program
and budget activities of INR as a part of the National Foreign Intelligence Program
(NFIP). These activities have included reviewing technical plans in relation to budget
submissions, offering suggestions relating to anticipated problems, and participating
in management reviews. The portion of the IC Staff which now supports the
Intelligence Information Handling Committee (IHC) was responsible for developing
and supplying this study to the Committee.
INR Study Methodology
Upon receipt of the HPSCI study request, an IC Staff Study Officer was
assigned. A study schedule was developed and coordinated with the Office of the Di-
rector of Intelligence and Research. The study methodology involved in-depth review
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of available documentation and interviews with INR staff personnel and systems
analysts from the Department of State's Information Systems Office (ISO). Numer-
ous meetings took place between the IC Staff Study Officer and these staffs in order
to determine the present status of the INR automation program, to determine system
requirements, and to project INR's future system requirements as compared with
existing and planned ADP system capability found within the Intelligence Communi-
ty. Other meetings took place with DOS's Office of Communications, Air Force
Intelligence Service staff; CIA/DIA's SAFE Project Office; and the MAXI prime
contractor, Inco, Inc.
This section will review the missions and automation objectives of INR.
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research was established by Executive Order
9621 of September 20, 1945, which transferred the research and analytical functions
of the Office of Strategic Services to the Department of State. INR is the only DOS
element found within the NFIP. INR has the following missions:
? to provide raw and finished intelligence to the Department of State (particular-
ly the Secretary and other principal officers) from the Intelligence Community,
to produce finished intelligence of its own for the Department, and to
participate in writing Community-wide intelligence assessments and estimates;
? to coordinate for the Department of State United States intelligence activities
to ensure that they support US foreign policy interests.
INR supplies intelligence information to meet policymakers' needs, to provide a
professional intelligence analyst's viewpoint of developments abroad, and to ensure
that the DOS both benefits from and contributes to the workings of the Intelligence
Community. INR differs from other parts of the Community in that it has no field
representatives to collect intelligence but rather uses information gathered by the
Foreign Service, CIA, Department of Defense intelligence components, the FBI, and
the Foreign Broadcast Information Services as well as "public" information.
Although the INR products are distributed to other agencies, including the National
Security Council and its staff, the reports are intended for the specific needs,
requirements, and responsibilities of the Secretary of State and the Secretary's
principal assistants.
INR Automation Objectives
The automation objectives of INR are as follows:
- on-line, real-time analyst support;
- electronic dissemination of DOS traffic and traffic from other agencies, i.e.,
NSA, CIA, and DIA;
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storage and retrieval of full text of electrically disseminated intelligence
reporting;
storage and retrieval of products produced on INR's WANG terminals (word
processing equipment);
integration of word processing composed documents;
provision for continuous operation, 24 hours per day, 7 days per week;
local inter-analyst communications;
potential for system growth;
provision for system security;
capability to exchange, transmit, and receive hardcopy and microfiche with
other IC members;
automatic retrieval of microfiche from INR's microfiche data base;
online interface with COINS; and
provide a paperless work atmosphere for the analyst.
This section describes the relationships among the organizations of INR and the
DOS. Also found within this section is a profile of the resources spent for INR's auto-
mation over the past several years.
DOS Organization
The Department of State is organized into 26 bureaus reporting to the
Secretary/ Deputy Secretary of State, Figure 1. Automation support for INR is
provided by the Information Systems Office (ISO) found within the Bureau of
Administration which reports to the Under Secretary for Management. INR is
headed by a Director with the rank and authority of an Assistant Secretary of State,
Mr. Hugh Montgomery, and is one of 26 bureaus that reports to the Secretary of
State.
INR Organization
The staff of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research is comprised of about 300
people, both Civil Service and Foreign Service Officers. About 225 of these
individuals are foreign affairs and intelligence analysts; the remainder are clerical,
administrative, or other support staff specialists. INR is organized into staffs as
follows, Figure 2:
Current Analysis - Six offices of this group correspond to the principal
geographic areas of the world. The seventh office performs politico-military
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ARMS CONTROL
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DIPLOMATIC CONSULAR AND OTHER ESTABLISHMENTS AND DELEGATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Department of State
Figure 1
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AGENCY FOR
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DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE &
RESEARCH
Office of
Intelligence Support
DEPUTY ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR
INTELLIGENCE
COORDINATION
Office of
Intelligence Liaison
Office of Intelligence
Coordination
Office of Intelligence
Resources
RD
Reports Evaluation
Staff
PMA
Office of
Politico-Military
Analysis
DEPUTY ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR
INTELLIGENCE &
RESEARCH
DEPUTY ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR
CURRENT ANALYSIS
Office of
Analysis for Africa
EAP
Office of Analysis
for East Asia &
Pacific
22
SEE
Office of Analysis
for the Soviet Union
& Eastern Europe
28
ORGANIZATION CHART
BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH
(INR)
Office of
Executive Director
IAA
Office of Analysis
for Inter-American
Affairs
NESA
Office of Analysis
for Near East &
South Asia
25
Office of Analysis
for Western Europe
DEPUTY ASSISTANT CR
SECRETARY FOR
ASSESSMENTS &
RESEARCH 2
LAR
Office of Long Range
Assessments &
Research
Office of
Economic Analysis
RCRS
Reports
Coordination &
Review Staff
Office of
The Geographer
12
Global Issues
Staff
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analysis. These offices produce analyses of developments and issues that are, or
will be, of concern to policymakers. They prepare regional and other special
summaries for briefing senior officers and for preparing the INR contributions
to Community-wide estimates and assessments.
Assessments and Research - The primary responsibility for this staff is the
preparation of the Bureau's long-range (six months or more) analytical studies.
The offices of this staff prepare long-range assessments on selected topics
involving international economic concerns, physical, cultural and political issues,
and produce special maps for DOS and other agencies.
Intelligence Coordination - This staff functions as the focal point between INR
and other elements of the Intelligence Community, DOS, and missions overseas
on the conduct and direction of all US Government intelligence collection
activities having significance for foreign affairs.
Office of Executive Director - This staff provides management and administra-
tive services for INR, including budget preparation.
Office of Intelligence Support - This staff holds the current intelligence
responsibility which includes preparation of the Secretary's Morning Summary,
document and security controls, and the communications and information
handling functions of INR.
INR ADP Support
ADP support for INR's computerized information handling program is found
within the Office of Intelligence Support. The staff is led by Mrs. Eileen Vander-
burgh, Chief, Information Handling. Mrs. Vanderburgh and her staff are responsible
for other information handling areas within INR such as microfilm production,
hardcopy dissemination, etc., which are not really "ADP" oriented. (It is noted that in
the FY 1984 Consolidated Budget Justification Books for INR dated January 1983, a
Director of Information Handling is designated as being responsible for implementing
the Bureau's computerized handling program. This individual did not contribute to
the IC Staff's understanding of INR's ADP system throughout the term of this study.
It is believed that the Director of Information Handling is an alternate title for
Director, Office of Intelligence Support. There has been a recent SES vacancy
announcement, DOS SES 4-83A, recruiting an individual for this position. Within
the qualifications for managerial and technical requirements, no mention is made of
any knowledge in ADP or automation as being a desirable consideration for a possible
candidate.)
The programming and systems support for INR is provided by a single
individual, Mr. Peter Kurtz, within ISO. A meeting was held during this study with
Mrs. Ann Berna, Mr. Kurtz's supervisor.
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INR AUTOMATED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
This section will examine the ADP requirements that are now envisioned to
support INR. The goal of INR's management is to provide an automation system
which would provide a "paperless" atmosphere for the analyst within the secure
renovated area of INR. The only comprehensive requirements documentation that
appears to be available which defines INR's automation system requirements is
entitled "INR Information Handling System" prepared by the Information Systems
Office, dated November 1975 and revised March 19, 1976. This section is based upon
the contents of the above document as well as other memoranda and conversations
with Mrs. Vanderburgh. The system requirements found below are general but are
complete in scope. Any definition beyond this level would be outside of the time and
resources available for this study.
System Requirements
In order to achieve INR's goal, the following requirements are necessary:
Message Dissemination - Message traffic from NSA, CIA, and DOS must be
identified as they enter the "system" and then routed to the proper analyst based
upon an analyst profile of characteristics which are resident in the system. The
system should be able to handle 1,000 messages per day at a minimum and ulti-
mately a maximum of 3,000 messages per day.
Message Retrieval - An analyst must have the ability to search the incoming file
of messages and retrieve a message based upon a new profile or certain special
characteristics. The system should be capable of storing the full text of traffic for
three months, excluding NSA's traffic, which is available through SOLIS.
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System Interfaces - The INR system must be capable of electrical interfaces
with the COINS network for access to other information data bases found within
the Community and to the DOS Foreign Affairs Information Management
System (FAIS) to access message traffic being received from DOS's posts
throughout the world.
Message Preparation - The system must provide an analyst with the ability to re-
trieve a message from online data base storage, edit or revise the message, delete
or add new information, combine several messages into one, and add the proper
address(es) for transmission of the message. This requirement includes some of
the basic suite of functions which would normally be found within a word
processing system.
Message Transmission - The system must be able to accommodate the transmis-
sion of a message composed by an analyst after supervisory release approval. The
transmission should automatically include the addition of the proper message
structural format. The system must be able to decide automatically upon the
proper routing, i.e., via NSA, CIA, or DTS (Diplomatic Telecommunications
System).
Analyst Files - The system must be able to provide the analyst with storage so
that separate, secure, and private working files can be maintained.
Special Functions - Special receipt, acknowledgement, transmission, and alarm
functions must be provided for system service, special captioned, FLASH, and
CRITIC messages.
Protection Functions - All incoming and outgoing system messages must be
recorded in a journal. Incoming and outgoing messages and journals must be
protected from operator or analyst alterations. The system must be protected
with software and personnel safeguards to ensure that security is not violated.
Operation - The system must be easy to operate and maintain and must support
system modifications. The system should ultimately be able to support 50
terminals with a minimum of 15. The hardware and software should be state-of-
the-art. The system must be available for operation 24 hours per day, 7 days per
week, with a 99% availability. If a new system is installed, it should have been
installed and in operation at other Government sites prior to installation at INR.
Additional Requirements
The above represents ADP operational and system requirements which must be
met based upon INR's traditional ADP needs. A further category of requirements ex-
ists that is undefined. This category relates to:
- integration of the ADP system into INR's information flow and vice versa;
- understanding and minimizing the flow of paper and products within INR;
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- defining additional areas requiring ADP support above and beyond those
already known; and
- appraising additional future anticipated areas of information now.
Any design of an ADP support system to meet INR's requirements must recognize
INR's total present and future information handling requirements.
This section provides background for the present automated system in use at
INR. Also included are configuration diagrams of the present hardware systems,
their capabilities, and the planned system upgrades.
System Background
The scope of the present system was defined in the document entitled "INR In-
formation Handling Systems," dated November 1975 and revised March 19, 1976,
prepared by the Information Systems Office of DOS. In comparing this documenta-
tion with the present system there appear to be numerous shortfalls. ISO is still
working from these specifications to implement the features described. The present
hardware system was installed in the 1979-1980 time period. The ISO configuration
of dual IBM 370/158s to support the DOS FAIS requirements have been in
operation for ten years and upgrades are planned in the near future, possibly the first
quarter of FY 1984.
Present System
Figure 3 illustrates the equipment presently employed by INR to support
analysts. Traffic is received in an asynchronous configuration directly from NSA and
CIA through DOS's communications facilities into the INR PDP 11/70 computer.
INR receives approximately 700 messages per day from NSA and 25 messages per
day from CIA. An analyst, at a Model 40 CRT, can retrieve NSA or CIA traffic by
message number or NSA product designation, assuming he has been made aware of
the existence of the message. The full text of the traffic from NSA and CIA is stored
on one disk associated with the PDP 11/70 for a period of about one week. NSA traf-
fic not stored in the INR system can be retrieved via COINS after it is purged from
the system. No traffic is retained in hardcopy format after six months. A printer in
the Current Intelligence Staff (CIS) lists the message reference number, not full text,
of all NSA and CIA traffic to ensure that messages are not lost. The locations of
INR's Teletype Model 40 terminals are found in Table 1.
System backup is provided to the INR PDP 11/70 computer by use of a spare
PDP 11/70 which is also used for testing and software debugging.
DOS traffic is received on one of the two IBM 370/158 systems of ISO, FAIS,
and is stored in online disk files for approximately three years. Upon receipt, the text
of each message is stored on line and is thereafter retrievable by message reference
number. Each night batch jobs are executed to (1) create computer output microfilm
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r---------------------------1
DOS - Office of Communications
(OC)
DOS Traffic
i
Disk Storage
(Total NSA-
700 msg/day)
v Z?
To COINS
Network
Foreign Affairs Data Processing Center
(Rm 1921)
INR Message Storage
PDP
11/70 Disk Drive (1)
IBM
370/158
IBM
3705
Secure Portion of
DOS's Foreign
Affairs Information
System (FAIS)
Incoming DOS
Traffic
(2100 msg/day)
I I
To other DOS Bureaus
--------------------
--------------------
Note:
M 40
M140
All circuits between
CRT
-T-F-" 1 r
Ouery-
'
CRT
offices are protected
PTR
To
s M4O:s
INR
Retrieval
with cryptographic
Terminals
equipment.
M 40
on FAIS
M40
CRT
CRT
PTR
PTR
Delta-Data
A41
00
CRT
PTR
XTR Paper Tape
Transmitter
Word Processors
Wang
7260T
CRT
CRT
INR Secured Operations Center (Rm 6510)
L--------- ---------J
-----------------------------------------------
INR's Present Operating Configuration
Figure 3
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CAMS
Network
DIA-AIRES
Network
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Activity
Location (Rm)
Model 40
CRT PTR
TTY Branch
6510
2
2
CIS
6510
2*
3*
CIS
7th Floor
1*
-
IAA
Watch Center
6510
-
AA
6510
-
NESA
6510
1*
1*
EAT
6510
SEE
6510
1*
1
WEA
6510
-
REC
6510
1*
1*
PMA
6510
1*
1*
Shared
6510
-
6
TOTAL
Location of INR's Model 40 Terminals
TABLE 1
of the messages that were received that day and (2) create index records, called
citations, from the message text. The computer extracts bibliographic data, such as
originator, addressee, classification, and date and author-applied subject descriptors
called TAGS (Traffic Analysis by Geography and Subject) to create the citations
which are stored on line. The next day indexers complete the citations by correcting
errors flagged by the computer and adding subject concepts and other data. The
complete citations are available for retrieval by bibliographic elements and indexer-
applied information the following day.
Citations for hardcopy documents (those not received by electrical means) are
stored in the FAIS system also. All citations remain stored in online disk files for no
less than six years. Text of messages can be retrieved by message reference number.
Some special categories of traffic are not available to INR through FAIS because of
their sensitivity.
Three dedicated terminals in INR are available for access to the COINS
network. Within the imagery section of INR, AIRES and CAMS terminals are
available.
In summary the present INR automated system is a short-term storage for NSA
and CIA messages. Access to COINS files and DOS messages have to be
accomplished via separate terminals. No retrieval of traffic is available through the
INR system terminal except for NSA and CIA traffic. If an analyst desires to create
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a message from the existing retrieved traffic, he has to obtain a hardcopy, add the ad-
dress(es), and manually enter the new message into the system. Outgoing messages
are prepared as hardcopy, and a paper tape is produced for transmission.
Planned System Configuration
ISO is presently developing an additional capability for the INR system which
- assist the communicators by retrieving NSA traffic, being able to add a new
message routing header so that traffic can be retransmitted without retyping,
and providing automatic acknowledgements of received CRITIC and
FLASH messages;
- disseminate traffic by analyst profiles (NSA traffic can be disseminated
because they contain TAGS. A profile system will be provided for routing to
analysts based upon TAGS.); and
- interconnect the INR information handling system with COINS and FAIS.
This addition would permit an analyst at any INR terminal to gain access
both to the data bases found in the COINS network and FAIS.
Figure 4 represents the planned INR ADP system configuration after the above
improvements have been accomplished. It is expected that it will take at least one
year before these enhancements are fully implemented. FY 1985 resources have been
requested to purchase 15 additional Model 40 Teletype machines to ensure that one
work station is available for every two analysts in the INR secure working area. Pur-
chase of an optical character reader is planned so that paper tape can be developed
from typed material for more efficient and rapid transmission of INR's products to
overseas posts. In order to connect the COINS TAS (Terminal Access System)
directly to the INR PDP 11/70, a PDP 11/24 computer, and a 3271 P.E. (Protocol
Emulator) has been proposed as a solution. The cost of the COINS connection would
be about $75,000 and would be financed by the COINS program office. The online
interface with COINS would provide the analyst access to NSA's WINDMILL
system (WINDMILL can provide the analyst access to the SOLIS and WEEDER
data bases, SIGINT and a partial file of DOS messages, respectively), NPIC's NDS,
and CIA and DIA data bases.
The message profile software which would be implemented was developed earlier
by ISO.
Although in FY 1984 $610,000 in additional operating funds have been
requested for the WANG word processing program, there does not appear to be any
plan now available to interconnect these terminals into the INR ADP system. INR
estimates that an additional thirteen word processing systems, which these resources
will purchase, will be required to provide INR with a fully adequate word processing
capability. In FY 1983 INR purchased five WANG units, three of which are located
in the secure area.
ISO currently plans to replace the IBM 370/158s used in the FAIS with more
powerful hardware such as the IBM 308X series. This study does not address the
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r---------------------------1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------I
DOS - Office of Communications ~ I COINS Foreign Affairs Data Processing Center
(OC) I ! I-~ (Rm 1921)
(Total NSA-
700 msg/day)
PDP
11/24
INR
PDP
11/70
Message Storage
Disk Drive (1)
MPX
IBM
370/158
Secure Portion of
DOS's Foreign
Affairs Information
System (FAIS)
Incoming DOS
Traffic
(2100 msg/day)
IBM
3705
To Terminals at other DOS Bureaus
MPX
To INR's M 40's
Access To
COINS
FAI S
DOS Traffic
OCR
Delta-Data
7260T
XTR j Paper Tape
Transmitter
Word Processors
Wang
CRT
CRT
Note:
All circuits between
offices are protected
with cryptographic
equipment.
4 CAMS
Network
DIA-AIRES
Network
INR Secured Operations Center (Rm 6510)
L----------------------------------------------------------------- J
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hardware connection problems, if any, and the system configuration after the
installation of the new IBM computer. ISO does not anticipate any interconnection
changes.
INR's PDP 11/70 is located in a vaulted area adjacent to the ISO systems in
Room 1921 of DOS.
Planned Office Space
INR is currently dispersed on five floors (8th, 7th, 6th, 4th, and 2nd) in the Main
State Building. In December 1983 or in January 1984, the renovation of INR's
secure area is scheduled to begin, which will add an additional 12,000 square feet of
secure office space for a total of 25,000 square feet of secure space. Figure 5 is a floor
plan indicating the new office layout with an indication of the INR groups which plan
to occupy this space in Room 6510. The planned move of the Office of Analysis for
Near East and South Asia (INR/NESA) will consolidate some major INR offices
into a secure area. The additional secure office space should permit greater utilization
of the INR ADP system. It is expected that the new space will be available for occu-
pancy by the spring of 1984. Other office shifts of INR groups are also planned with
this move. The area occupied by the Imagery Center of Figure 5 represents the
additional office space.
COMPARISON OF EXISTING NFIP ADP SYSTEMS
This section identifies and examines Community ADP development efforts or
systems currently in operation which may be applicable to INR's needs. In
considering systems which might be applicable as a solution to this problem, CIA's
CMASS and SAFE and DoD's INSCOM, IAIPS, RAPIDE, and MAXI were
considered. Some of these systems represented unsupported single installations,
systems in the early developmental stages, systems experiencing difficulties, systems
not in the proper size range to meet INR's requirements, or systems requiring long-
lead installation times. After examining the above systems, it appears that only the
Air Force-developed MAXI (Modular Architecture for Exchange of Intelligence) and
CIA's SAFE (Support for the Analyst's File Environment) could be considered as
possible system candidates because of system status and level of technical develop-
ment. There are no other Intelligence Community systems which now appear to
match INR's requirements other than these two. Only summary descriptions for each
of these systems will be found within this section. Based upon this summary
information an analysis of the merits of these two systems will be provided.
MAXI System
The MAXI system was developed by the Air Force through the Common-User
Baseline for the Intelligence Community, CUBIC, approach. This philosophy
provided for centralized development and maintenance of software to improve system
capability and technology transfer, and eliminate excessive redundant software costs.
In addition to the MAXI system, the Communications Support Processor (CSP),
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Computer Aided Tactical Information System. (CATIS), and the Computer Aided
Electronic Warfare Information System (CAEWIS) were developed under this
concept. Based upon the perspective found within the Community, the CUBIC
concept works very well.
The MAXI system is a PDP 11/70 (AN/GYQ-21[V]) computer-based system.
Since the initial system development, 14 systems have been installed at various
military locations worldwide. The presently installed systems use the UNIVAC 1652
dual-display CRT terminal; however, AFIS, through RADC (Rome Air Development
Command), has developed a replacement for this unit employing the Delta Data
7252T terminal. The Teletype Model 40 printer is used for hardcopy printout.
Incoming traffic can be routed to one or more of the 64 sub-areas or mail boxes by an
analyst-formulated profile. The profile would be by subject, text content, date and
time group, etc., up to a maximum of seven separate parameters. Each sub-area can
contain a maximum of 1,000 references to messages. The actual message file size is
dependent upon the particular site configuration. Incoming messages are queued for
each sub-area and are sequenced by time of receipt and within precedence. There is
an automatic audio/visual alarm and confirmation message generated for each
FLASH and CRITIC message received in the system. In addition messages can be
filed for future reference. There is a master file contained in the system of all traffic
received. Traffic found within this file cannot be changed by an analyst working on
the system.
An analyst at the MAXI terminal can build, or compose, and send a message
with supervisory approval. This can be accomplished by creating a new message or
editing an incoming message withdrawn from the master file. The analyst can
prestore headers for addition to messages for transmission if desired.
An analyst working at the system can store and protect information in a working
file. Items remain in this working file until the analyst deletes the information. There
is one working file available per sub-area. Each terminal on a system is associated
with a "hold queue" for temporary storage of up to 99 items. This is used for short-
term system storage as a means of freeing terminals for more urgent and immediate
business.
If an analyst desires to transmit information to another analyst on the system, it
may be accomplished by the "intracom" feature. This capability provides an analyst
with the ability to confer on a subject prior to transmitting a message. The analyst
also has the ability to edit traffic by moving and copying information, highlighting
designated text for identification, inserting new text of varying lengths, opening a
space for a new line, correcting an existing line, reparagraphing or reformating text,
converting text from upper to lower case, and setting the keyboard for upper or lower
case.
A basic MAXI system composed of one PDP 11/70 with 512K words of core
storage and 200Mb of mass storage, can support approximately 15 interactive
terminals with a system activity of 1,000 messages per day. With the addition of a
second PDP 11/70, the number of interactive terminals can be increased to 54 with a
system activity increased to 3,000 messages per day.
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With the change from the UNIVAC 1652 to the Delta Data 7252T terminal,
the terminal cost has been reduced from about $30,000 to $5,000-$7,000 per
terminal. This cost is lower than the cost of a Teletype Model 40 terminal. It is antici-
pated that the Delta Data terminal will be available for MAXI system delivery in
about six months to one year. USAFE and REDCOM are testing this new terminal
with their MAXI configurations.
A MAXI system could be installed with about six months of technical
preparation which includes a site survey, required hardware installation, special
coding , etc. Because of other priorities, no new MAXI systems could be installed un-
til after 1 January 1984. The cost for these technical services is about $100,000. The
on-site maintenance and ongoing software modification could be provided by the
MAXI prime contractor, Inco, Inc., for $80,000 per year. If it is desired not to use
Inco, Inc., a subscriber fee of $50,000, payable to the AF CUBIC organization, is
required.
In the event that the present PDP 11/70 and mass storage devices are not
suitable for MAXI conversion, new hardware acquisition could cost $700,000-
$1,000,000 for the central processing unit, multiplexers, and magnetic disks. The cost
of the Delta Data terminals and hardcopy printers would be extra, depending upon
the number purchased.
Based upon discussions with the MAXI (CUBIC) program management office, it
is planned to provide an interface to IBM systems by mid-1984 with a DEC VAX
11/730. It is also planned to interface the MAXI systems with the DODIIS network.
The DODIIS network interface to the COINS network is planned for sometime
within the next two years.
SAFE System
The existing SAFE system, which is called SAFE Early Capability, consists of
three separate software packages as follows:
Message Analysis Software - This software is used to compare the incoming
message traffic against a predetermined profile as specified by the intelligence
analyst. The message profile could be by subject, keyword, etc.
Text Message Retrieval - This software permits an analyst to retrieve text from
the data base against keywords and all significant words in the text. Ninety days
of full text traffic can remain on line within the system, limited primarily by the
amount of disk storage capacity.
Text Processing - This software provides the analyst with the ability to provide
text editing and processing capability normally associated with word processing
systems. Traffic can be stored in a working file, sent to another analyst, edited,
etc.
Each of the above software packages are presently independent of one another.
Although work is proceeding to integrate these capabilities into a single coherent
system, an analyst is presently required to log on to each separately to gain access to a
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package's capability. The existing SAFE system could be configured to support 60
concurrent users, but it is really intended to support more than 200 users with a traf-
fic input of 3,000 messages per day. The hardware configuration supporting the
SAFE Early Capability is an IBM 3083J, which costs about $2,000,000. A COINS
interface is planned for the DIA/SAFE system through the DODIIS network.
Present plans call for this interface to be completed in 1985 or 1986.
Analysis of Systems
The SAFE system is too large and still an unproven system to consider as a solu-
tion in the INR ADP support problem. Although DOS's Information Systems Office
is in the process of upgrading their present IBM 370/158 configuration with an IBM
308X series machine, any thought of combining the FAIS with a SAFE system
software capability would not be practical. SAFE, in its present form, is an
incomplete system. Under the present Community Information Retrieval System
(CIRS) plan, the DIA/SAFE system will provide retrospective retrieval capabilities
to INR analysts accessing message files through COINS. This planned capability
should be considered in the design of an INR system. Any attempt to meet other INR
requirements through the SAFE system would probably introduce unwanted com-
plexity into the further development and implementation of the SAFE project, as well
as the INR ADP support system.
The Air Force MAXI system could provide INR with a workable system
configuration which would disseminate traffic based upon an analyst's profile; store
and retrieve messages; and provide for an analyst working file and message editing,
composition, and transmission. It is possible that part of the present INR PDP 11/70
computer and peripheral equipment could support the MAXI software. It is also
understood that the messages now being received by INR from both NSA and CIA
are in the JANAP 128, DOI 103, format. This would be a compatible message
format used within the MAXI system. The system message traffic handling volumes
required by INR appear to be within the MAXI capability.
An immediate problem does exist with the MAXI-COINS interface. This area
would require further investigation to determine if the COINS network could be
connected to MAXI so that the analyst could have access to other Community data
bases directly from his terminal.
The Teletype Model 40 CRTs and page printers now being used by INR would
have to be replaced with the Delta Data 7252T terminal. The Model 40 equipment is
basically a standard item used by the DOS's ISO and Office of Communications in
support of their terminal requirements. Some modification, however, might be
required before these machines could be used in some applications. It is not known if
there will be a problem of interfacing the MAXI terminals with FAIS for retrieval of
DOS traffic.
It appears that the MAXI system in a single machine configuration could
support INR's present terminal needs. In a two-machine configuration, MAXI could
support INR's future terminal needs of 50 terminals. However, because of system
backup considerations and ISO's operations, two machines are really required to
support INR. The physical space problem in installing a dual MAXI configuration in
the ISO vaulted computer room is a problem area.
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The interfaces of the WANG word processors into the INR computer system is
an unknown if the MAXI is used.
Since INR would like to interface into the FAIS automatically from an analyst's
terminal, the planned interface to an IBM system from a MAXI configuration
probably could sclve this requirement.
By far, the most important consideration in the selection of a replacement
computer system for INR is the level and quality of technical support in the area of
software upgrades, enhancements, etc., which could be expected. With the Air
Force's commitment to fourteen installed MAXI systems and the use of the MAXI as
the DODIIS standard message processing configuration, the technical support which
INR could receive would be exceptional.
This section sets forth conclusions and observations which surfaced during this
study. It is perceived within DOS that INR produces an intelligence product that has
been well developed and is timely. However, the product has problems involving
distribution to the various DOS Bureaus and can lose its effectiveness because of this
problem. The solution to this problem might be accomplished if an improved ADP
system were installed.
The last time an attempt was made to consolidate ADP requirements within
INR was in the 1975-1976 time frame. Since that time the circa 1976 requirements
documentation has been addressed on a piecemeal basis with the expectation that
some day the system requirements would be available. This has been a slow,
agonizing, and ineffective means. It was believed that the system, as originally
designed, was too grand, too large, and too complicated. The design tried to be all
things for all people and immediately reached the state-of-the-art of technology as it
existed seven years ago.
The design support that ISO was able to provide INR was insufficient to meet
the functional system requirements. In fact the internal INR support in terms of per-
sonnel being able to monitor and to contribute to an ADP system upgrade also
appears to be inadequate. The INR staff that has been assigned this responsibility is
distracted by the day-by-day operational problems. INR is a small portion of the
overall DOS's information system and necessarily ranks relatively low on the list of
priorities.
INR does not now have a system that is responsive to their present requirements
or future needs. The system is only able to receive messages from NSA and CIA and
with no traffic dissemination. Message preparation is accomplished by marking up
hardcopy, retyping, and transmission via paper tape. The WANG word processors
are not integrated into the system and are used only as stand-alone word processing
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CONFIDENTIAL
devices. Many Teletype Model 40s are in storage and can not be installed until the
renovation of Room 6510 is completed.
Throughout this study it became apparent that no single individual who was
interviewed was aware of the complete present "information handling system" of
INR or that any future requirements were adequately defined. Any planning or
system implementation that is being accomplished is fragmentary.
The automation functions serving INR are well behind those found within other
segments of the Community. The single planned improvement in accessing COINS
and DOS messages from the INR system terminal would greatly enhance the
analyst's capability.
In order to provide a system to INR, a suggestion was made to use unique soft-
ware packages found in other systems and attempt to integrate these with the present
INR software. Based upon experience, it has been found that a system developed on
this basis is difficult to install, operate, and maintain because nothing really works
well together, it is uneconomical to operate, and system documentation is not
available or is incomplete.
As a result of this study it is recommended that the following ADP plan be
initiated:
1. Continue with the installation and implementation of the COINS interface.
The solution for the COINS interface appears to be near for a relatively small
amount of resources. The developed solution might also be applicable for a fu-
ture system upgrade.
2. Since the software is available to provide profiles to distribute NSA traffic
based upon TAGS, this effort should be continued. If the software tests are
satisfactory, this capability should be implemented.
3. Since there has been no apparent definition of information handling require-
ments since the mid-1970s, INR should engage a contractor to define present
and projected analyst work flows, system requirements, and system architec-
ture. As an integral part of this analysis, the contractor should review the Air
Force MAXI system as a possible replacement for the present INR system
and independently verify that there are no other systems which should also be
considered. The MAXI system has the advantage in that it might be able to
use some portion of the existing INR PDP 11/70 hardware. The level of
effort required for an in-depth study of this type would be about $150,000
and require approximately seven months to complete. If the MAXI system
could meet INR's requirements, this system probably could be installed and
in operation within one year of a notice to proceed. With the resource profile
indicated below, INR could have a workable ADP support system in 18
months. A proposed contractor's statement of work is found in the Appendix.
4. An individual within INR should be assigned the responsibility for the system
upgrade, and this should be the only responsibility for this Project Officer
until
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all facets of the system are installed. This individual should report to the
Deputy Assistant Secretary of INR and should remain at least five years on
this project. In support of this individual a "Verification and Validation"
(V&V) contract should be awarded. V&V support involves assisting the
Project Officer in design reviews and feasibility studies, and advising the
Project Officer regarding technical and program issues. The V&V representa-
tive reviews contractor documentation, develops test plans, conducts accep-
tance tests, and prepares test reports. If a technically competent individual
cannot be found within or assigned to INR by the DOS after the mid-point of
the above study is completed, it is recommended that an individual from the
Intelligence Community be assigned to this position on a rotational
assignment.
5. No additional Model 40 terminals or OCR equipment should be purchased
until the system requirements and architecture are defined and only then if
they can be used within the new system architecture.
6. ISO is on the verge of installing and converting to an IBM 308X configura-
tion to upgrade the present FAIS IBM 370/158 system. This conversion is a
major undertaking, and the INR system upgrade should not draw upon
personnel resources found within ISO. In view of this condition, INR should
not rely upon ISO for system support but should retain a contractor for this
purpose.
7. In order to ensure that the upgrade of the INR automated system is
coordinated properly and is responsive to INR needs, an IC Staff Action
Officer should be assigned to this project to monitor and to influence its
progress. The IC Staff Action Officer could monitor and direct the study
contract in the early tasks until Recommendation No. 4 above is
implemented.
Since it appears that the INR ADP system requirements are very close to the
MAXI, it is suggested that the MITRE Corporation be considered as the study
contractor. MITRE has been associated with MAXI at numerous installations as the
V&V contractor. An alternate approach would be to procure the study contract
competitively with only the V&V contract awarded to MITRE, Corp.
Resource Implications
In FY 1984 no resources are available for new ADP initiatives. However,
$610,000 is available for the purchase of 13 additional WANG word processors. It is
recommended that the $150,000 for the recommended study be reprogrammed from
these resources and the word processing shortfall be added in FY 1985. By providing
the study money in FY 1984, the information handling study can start. The results of
the study could also influence the interconnection of the WANG word processors into
the ADP system. If this alternative appears to be unworkable, INR's management
could approach the DOS management for these resources.
Table 2 represents the resource profile which might be considered for the INR
ADP upgrade. The accuracy of the total resource requirements of $3,150,000 over
the five-year period is probably very high. The allocation of the resource requirements
by year and within each year is less accurate. The information handling study would
address this resource profile. Without the INR staff support as found in Recommen-
dation No. 4 above, the magnitude of resource funding should not be provided.
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Appendix
Study Purpose
The purpose of this study contract would be to investigate INR's work flow by
defining the input and output requirements of INR based upon its mission and to de-
termine the technique and scope of the amount and detail of effort required to
produce the various intelligence products. Based upon this analysis, ADP system
requirements should be produced which could provide INR with a state-of-the-art,
user-friendly, automated system. The requirements and architecture should be scoped
in such a fashion to permit the installation of discrete hardware and software
increments with interfaces to other system enhancements as they are developed. The
study should also determine: (a) if the Air Force MAXI System in its present or
planned configuration could reasonably be adapted to meet INR's ADP support
requirements; (b) if there are other existing hardware and software systems which
could better be adapted to INR's information handling support requirements; and (c)
if continued development of the present INR support system would offer the
preferred means of satisfying the ADP support requirements.
Tasks:
I Study Planning - Review background information and present status.
Schedule interviews with all levels at INR and ISO. Construct question-
naires to collect data. (1/2 month)
II Data Collection - Conduct interviews and determine work flow criteria,
documentation, etc., of intelligence analysis and products. (1 and 1/2
months)
III Analysis - Based upon the data collected, determine information handling
requirements for INR. (1 month)
IV System Requirements - Based upon the analysis, determine INR's ADP
requirements in a modular fashion so that a system could be installed in
incremental steps. (1 and 1/2 months)
V Systems Analysis - Based upon the developed system requirements,
determine whether MAXI, another existing system, including SAFE, or
the development of the existing INR ADP support system should be
utilized to meet these requirements. This analysis should weigh costs,
implementation schedules, risks, etc. (1 month)
VI(A) Alternate System - If it is determined that the MAXI or some other
existing system should be utilized, develop a detailed implementation plan
indicating schedules, system parameters, resource requirements, and
hardware and software modifications. (1 and 1/2 months)
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VI(B) INR Support System - If it is determined that the most prudent alternative
is the continued development of the existing INR ADP support system,
develop a detailed implementation plan indicating schedules, resource
requirements, system parameters, and hardware and software modifica-
tions. (1 and 1/2 months)
Documentation and reports are required for each of the above tasks.
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Conllaentlal
Confidential
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